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data-astro-cid-ej6f5fy4>King lists</a> <ul class="navbar-dropdown" data-astro-cid-ej6f5fy4> <li data-astro-cid-ej6f5fy4><a href="/ancient-egypt/kinglists" data-astro-cid-ej6f5fy4>Overview</a></li> <li data-astro-cid-ej6f5fy4><a href="/ancient-egypt/kinglist/turin" data-astro-cid-ej6f5fy4>Turin King List</a></li> <li data-astro-cid-ej6f5fy4><a href="/ancient-egypt/kinglist/abydos-canon" data-astro-cid-ej6f5fy4>Abydos Canon</a></li> <li data-astro-cid-ej6f5fy4><a href="/ancient-egypt/kinglist/karnak-canon" data-astro-cid-ej6f5fy4>Karnak Canon</a></li> <li data-astro-cid-ej6f5fy4><a href="/ancient-egypt/kinglist/saqqara-canon" data-astro-cid-ej6f5fy4>Saqqara Canon</a></li> <li data-astro-cid-ej6f5fy4><a href="/ancient-egypt/kinglist/medinet-habu-canon" data-astro-cid-ej6f5fy4>Medinet Habu</a></li> <li data-astro-cid-ej6f5fy4><a href="/ancient-egypt/kinglist/ramesseum-canon" data-astro-cid-ej6f5fy4>Ramesseum</a></li> <li data-astro-cid-ej6f5fy4><a href="/ancient-egypt/kinglist/marseille" data-astro-cid-ej6f5fy4>Marseille table</a></li> <li data-astro-cid-ej6f5fy4><a href="/ancient-egypt/kinglist/other" data-astro-cid-ej6f5fy4>Minor king lists</a></li> <li data-astro-cid-ej6f5fy4><a href="/ancient-egypt/kinglist/manetho" class="font-bold border-t-2 dark:border-shark-800" data-astro-cid-ej6f5fy4>Manetho</a></li> </ul> </li> <li data-astro-cid-ej6f5fy4> <a href="#!" data-astro-cid-ej6f5fy4>More...</a> <ul class="navbar-dropdown" data-astro-cid-ej6f5fy4> <li data-astro-cid-ej6f5fy4><a href="/ancient-egypt/obelisks" data-astro-cid-ej6f5fy4>Obelisks</a></li> <li data-astro-cid-ej6f5fy4><a href="/ancient-egypt/temples-and-monuments" data-astro-cid-ej6f5fy4>Monuments</a></li> <li data-astro-cid-ej6f5fy4><a href="/ancient-egypt/hieroglyphs" data-astro-cid-ej6f5fy4>Hieroglyphs</a></li> <li data-astro-cid-ej6f5fy4><a href="/ancient-egypt/cartography" data-astro-cid-ej6f5fy4>Cartography</a></li> <li data-astro-cid-ej6f5fy4><a href="/ancient-egypt/egyptology" data-astro-cid-ej6f5fy4>Egyptology</a></li> <li data-astro-cid-ej6f5fy4><a href="/ancient-egypt/titles-and-epithets" data-astro-cid-ej6f5fy4>Titles & epithets</a></li> <li data-astro-cid-ej6f5fy4><a href="/ancient-egypt/book-series" data-astro-cid-ej6f5fy4>Important books</a></li> <li data-astro-cid-ej6f5fy4><a href="/ancient-egypt/bibliography" data-astro-cid-ej6f5fy4>Bibliography</a></li> <li data-astro-cid-ej6f5fy4><a href="/ancient-egypt/curiosities" data-astro-cid-ej6f5fy4>Curiosities</a></li> <li data-astro-cid-ej6f5fy4><a href="/about" class="font-bold border-t-2 dark:border-shark-800" data-astro-cid-ej6f5fy4>About</a></li> </ul> </li>  </ul> </nav> </div> <script> // Get references to elements const navbarToggle = document.getElementById("navbar-toggle"); const navbarUl = document.querySelector("nav ul"); const navbarDropdownItems = document.querySelectorAll("nav ul li a:not(:only-child)"); // Function to open and close the navigation menu (hamburger menu) function 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clicked target is outside of the dropdown if (!dropdown.parentElement.contains(event.target)) { dropdown.classList.remove("show"); } }); }); </script> </header> <div class="container mx-auto pb-5 mt-32" data-astro-cid-tnnyocjb> <h1 class="pagetitle" data-astro-cid-tnnyocjb>Pharaohs of Ancient Egypt</h1> </div> <div class="container mx-auto" data-astro-cid-tnnyocjb> <div class="block md:grid grid-cols-12 gap-10 px-3" data-astro-cid-tnnyocjb> <article class="text-base col-span-12 lg:col-span-9 z-10 max-w-3xl leading-7 font-normal" data-astro-cid-tnnyocjb> <section class="page-content" data-astro-cid-vannxnsq> <div class="" data-astro-cid-vannxnsq> <p class="lead py-4" data-astro-cid-vannxnsq> The royal titulary of the Egyptian Pharaohs was the standard naming convention taken by the kings of Ancient Egypt. It symbolises their supremacy and holy might. The names were sometimes altered during the reign to mark an important event. </p> <img src="/.netlify/images?url=_astro%2Fph2.D6mufndU.webp" class="ph mx-auto block md:float-left md:mx-0" loading="eager" alt="A drawing of a pharaoh" srcset="" data-astro-cid-vannxnsq width="400" height="413" decoding="async"> <p data-astro-cid-vannxnsq> The knowledge to read and write <a href="/ancient-egypt/hieroglyphs" data-astro-cid-vannxnsq>hieroglyphs</a> was lost by 450 CE, and would remain so until the 1820s, when the Rosetta Stone was deciphered. Like in Arabic and Hebrew, hieroglyphic writing does not normally indicate vowels, and use sounds not common in most European languages. Since the ancient Egyptian language has been dead for two millennia, the knowledge of how the writing was actually pronounced can only be <em data-astro-cid-vannxnsq>estimated</em>. When transcribing Egyptian words, the general rule among Egyptologists was to use the pronunciation clues provided by <i data-astro-cid-vannxnsq>Coptic</i>, otherwise they would add an 'e' between consonants until they got something pronounceable to European ears. </p> <p data-astro-cid-vannxnsq> Early Egyptology was dominated by French, English and German scholars, who naturally wrote mainly in their own languages. The transcription of names was still new and was done individually by each scholar, which meant that names were read and transcribed differently. As knowledge of the Egyptian language grew, so did the names. For example, a pharaoh first known as <i data-astro-cid-vannxnsq>Amuntuankh</i> evolved into the name <i data-astro-cid-vannxnsq>Tutankhamun</i>, and is still spelt slightly differently in various languages (Toutânkhamon, Tutanchamun, Tutankamón etc). </p> <p data-astro-cid-vannxnsq> The sun god of Egypt is <strong data-astro-cid-vannxnsq>Ra</strong>. In order to maintain consistency, the hieroglyphic sun-disk ⊙ (Gardiner-sign N5) will be transliterated as <i data-astro-cid-vannxnsq>Ra</i> in these pages, despite the fact that the use of <i data-astro-cid-vannxnsq>Re</i> is commonly used in the names of many pharaohs. This is probably(?) due to nothing else but the longstanding widespread use of <i data-astro-cid-vannxnsq>-re</i>. For example: the pharaohs <b data-astro-cid-vannxnsq>Ra</b>messes and Neferka<b data-astro-cid-vannxnsq>re</b> both contain the sun-sign, one as <i data-astro-cid-vannxnsq>Ra</i> the other as <i data-astro-cid-vannxnsq>Re</i>. </p> <p data-astro-cid-vannxnsq> <a href="/ancient-egypt/titles-and-epithets" data-astro-cid-vannxnsq>The fivefold royal titulary</a> consisted of the <i data-astro-cid-vannxnsq>Horus</i>, <i data-astro-cid-vannxnsq>Nebty</i>, <i data-astro-cid-vannxnsq>Golden Horus</i>, <i data-astro-cid-vannxnsq>Throne</i>, and <i data-astro-cid-vannxnsq>Birth names</i>. It established the king's authority and legitimacy and served as a mission statement for his reign. Some pharaohs are only known by one or two of the five names, and many remain to be assigned to the correct king. There are also several still unidentified names of the pharaohs. </p> <div class="" data-astro-cid-vannxnsq> <h2 class="pb-3 pt-8 text-center" data-astro-cid-vannxnsq>List of the Pharaohs</h2> <p data-astro-cid-vannxnsq> The pharaohs of ancient Egypt, from predynastic times up to and including the roman emperors, who were not pharaohs as such, but are included here because some of their names were inscribed on monuments using hieroglyphs. The <a href="/ancient-egypt/chronology" data-astro-cid-vannxnsq>chronological order</a> of the pharaohs is difficult to determine because it has been more than 2,000 years since the last one ruled. </p> <p class="pb-8" data-astro-cid-vannxnsq> It is like trying to complete a jigsaw puzzle with half of the pieces are missing, with pieces from other puzzles mixed in — all while wearing a blindfold and mittens to put the pieces together. Moreover, as new research is conducted, the order may be subject to change. This is a fundamental principle that applies to <i data-astro-cid-vannxnsq>all</i> Egyptian dynasties. </p> </div> </div> <div data-astro-cid-vannxnsq><h2 class="text-center py-3">Predynastic kings</h2><table class="w-full"><thead><tr><th>#</th><th>Pharaoh</th><th>Alternate names</th><th>Reign (BC)</th></tr></thead><tr><td>1</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Seka">Seka</a></td><td><em>Hsekiu</em></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Khayu">Khayu</a></td><td><em>Iukha</em></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Tiu">Tiu</a></td><td><em>Teyew</em></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>4</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Tjesh">Tjesh</a></td><td><em>Thesh, Tesh</em></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>5</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Neheb">Neheb</a></td><td><em>Niheb</em></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>6</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Wenegbu">Wenegbu</a></td><td><em>Wazner, Wadjenedj</em></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>7</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Mekh">Mekh</a></td><td><em>Imykhet</em></td><td></td></tr></table><h2 class="text-center py-3">First Dynasty</h2><table class="w-full"><thead><tr><th>#</th><th>Pharaoh</th><th>Alternate names</th><th>Reign (BC)</th></tr></thead><tr><td>1</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Narmer">Narmer</a></td><td><em>Menes</em></td><td>2900–</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Aha">Aha</a></td><td><em>Hor-Aha</em></td><td>?–2870</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Djer">Djer</a></td><td><em>Hor-Djer</em></td><td>2870–2823</td></tr><tr><td>4</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Djet">Djet</a></td><td><em>Wadj, Zet, Uadji</em></td><td>2822–2815</td></tr><tr><td>5</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Den">Den</a></td><td><em>Dewen, Udimu</em></td><td>2814–2772</td></tr><tr><td>6</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Adjib">Adjib</a></td><td><em>Anedjib, Enezib</em></td><td>2771–2764</td></tr><tr><td>7</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Semerkhet">Semerkhet</a></td><td><em></em></td><td>2763–2756</td></tr><tr><td>8</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Qaa">Qaa</a></td><td><em>Kaa</em></td><td>2755–2732</td></tr></table><h2 class="text-center py-3">Second Dynasty</h2><table class="w-full"><thead><tr><th>#</th><th>Pharaoh</th><th>Alternate names</th><th>Reign (BC)</th></tr></thead><tr><td>1</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Hotepsekhemwy">Hotepsekhemwy</a></td><td><em>Hetepsekhemwy, Hotepsekhemui</em></td><td>2730–?</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Nebra">Nebra</a></td><td><em>Raneb, Kakau</em></td><td>?–2700</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Ninetjer">Ninetjer</a></td><td><em>Nynetjer, Banetjer</em></td><td>2700–2660</td></tr><tr><td>4</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Wadjenes">Wadjenes</a></td><td><em></em></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>5</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Senedj">Senedj</a></td><td><em>Sened</em></td><td>?–2610</td></tr><tr><td>6</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Sekhemib">Sekhemib</a></td><td><em></em></td><td>2650–?</td></tr><tr><td>7</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Peribsen">Peribsen</a></td><td><em>Seth-Peribsen, Perabsen</em></td><td>2660–2650</td></tr><tr><td>8</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Sneferka">Sneferka</a></td><td><em>Sekanefer, Neferseka, Seneferka</em></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>9</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Neferkasokar">Neferkasokar</a></td><td><em></em></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>10</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Hudjefa-I">Hudjefa I</a></td><td><em></em></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>11</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Khasekhemwy">Khasekhemwy</a></td><td><em>Khasekhemui</em></td><td>2610–2593</td></tr></table><h2 class="text-center py-3">Third Dynasty</h2><table class="w-full"><thead><tr><th>#</th><th>Pharaoh</th><th>Alternate names</th><th>Reign (BC)</th></tr></thead><tr><td>1</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Nebka">Nebka</a></td><td><em>Hen Nekht (not in use anymore)</em></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Djoser">Djoser</a></td><td><em>Zezer, Zozer, Djeser</em></td><td>2592–2566</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Sekhemkhet">Sekhemkhet</a></td><td><em>Djosertety, Djoserteti, Djoserty</em></td><td>2565–2559</td></tr><tr><td>4</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Hudjefa-II">Hudjefa II</a></td><td><em></em></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>5</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Mesochris">Mesochris</a></td><td><em></em></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>6</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Nebkara">Nebkara</a></td><td><em>Nebkare</em></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>7</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Neferkara">Neferkara</a></td><td><em>Neferkare</em></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>8</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Huni">Huni</a></td><td><em></em></td><td>?–2544</td></tr></table><h2 class="text-center py-3">Fourth Dynasty</h2><table class="w-full"><thead><tr><th>#</th><th>Pharaoh</th><th>Alternate names</th><th>Reign (BC)</th></tr></thead><tr><td>1</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Sneferu">Sneferu</a></td><td><em>Snefru, Snofru</em></td><td>2543–2510</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Khufu">Khufu</a></td><td><em>Cheops</em></td><td>2509–2483</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Radjedef">Radjedef</a></td><td><em>Djedefra, Djedefre</em></td><td>2482–2475</td></tr><tr><td>4</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Khafra">Khafra</a></td><td><em>Khafre, Chephren, Khefren</em></td><td>2472–2448</td></tr><tr><td>5</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Menkaura">Menkaura</a></td><td><em>Menkaure, Mykerinos, Mycerinus</em></td><td>2447–2442</td></tr><tr><td>6</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Shepseskaf">Shepseskaf</a></td><td><em></em></td><td>2441–2436</td></tr><tr><td>7</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Baufra">Baufra</a></td><td><em>Baefra, Baufre, Baka, Bicheris, Bikka</em></td><td>2474–2473</td></tr><tr><td>8</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Thamphthis">Thamphthis</a></td><td><em>Djedefptah, Ptahdjedef</em></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>9</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Hordjedef">Hordjedef</a></td><td><em>Djedefhor</em></td><td></td></tr></table><h2 class="text-center py-3">Fifth Dynasty</h2><table class="w-full"><thead><tr><th>#</th><th>Pharaoh</th><th>Alternate names</th><th>Reign (BC)</th></tr></thead><tr><td>1</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Userkaf">Userkaf</a></td><td><em></em></td><td>2435–2429</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Sahura">Sahura</a></td><td><em>Sahure</em></td><td>2428–2416</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Neferirkara-I-Kakai">Neferirkara I Kakai</a></td><td><em>Neferirkare I</em></td><td>2415–2405</td></tr><tr><td>4</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Shepseskara-Netjeruser">Shepseskara Netjeruser</a></td><td><em>Shepseskare</em></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>5</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Neferefra-Isi">Neferefra Isi</a></td><td><em>Neferefre, Raneferef</em></td><td>2403</td></tr><tr><td>6</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Niuserra-Ini">Niuserra Ini</a></td><td><em>Niuserre</em></td><td>2402–2374</td></tr><tr><td>7</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Menkauhor-Kaiu">Menkauhor Kaiu</a></td><td><em>Horikau, Ikauhor</em></td><td>2373–2366</td></tr><tr><td>8</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Djedkara-Isesi">Djedkara Isesi</a></td><td><em>Djedkare Isesi</em></td><td>2365–2322</td></tr><tr><td>9</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Unas">Unas</a></td><td><em>Wenis, Unis</em></td><td>2321–2306</td></tr></table><br><h2 class="text-center py-3">Sixth Dynasty</h2><table class="w-full"><thead><tr><th>#</th><th>Pharaoh</th><th>Alternate names</th><th>Reign (BC)</th></tr></thead><tr><td>1</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Teti">Teti</a></td><td><em></em></td><td>2305–2279</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Userkara">Userkara</a></td><td><em>Userkare, Woserkare</em></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Pepi-I">Pepi I</a></td><td><em>Pepy I</em></td><td>2276–2228</td></tr><tr><td>4</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Nemtiemsaf-I">Nemtiemsaf I</a></td><td><em>Nemtyemsaf I, Merenre I</em></td><td>2227–2217</td></tr><tr><td>5</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Pepi-II">Pepi II</a></td><td><em>Pepy II, Neferkare</em></td><td>2216–2153</td></tr><tr><td>6</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Nemtiemsaf-II">Nemtiemsaf II</a></td><td><em>Nemtyemsaf II, Merenre II</em></td><td>2152</td></tr></table><h2 class="text-center py-3">Seventh Dynasty</h2><div class="text-center pt-3 pb-1 italic">There is no evidence of a 7th dynasty.</div><div class="text-center py-3 pb-5">Africanus wrote that 70 kings ruled for 70 days,<br>while Eusebius wrote that 5 kings of ruled for 75 days.</div><h2 class="text-center py-3">Eighth Dynasty</h2><table class="w-full"><thead><tr><th>#</th><th>Pharaoh</th><th>Alternate names</th><th>Reign (BC)</th></tr></thead><tr><td>1</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Netjerikara">Netjerikara</a></td><td><em>Netjerikare, Nitocris</em></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Menkara">Menkara</a></td><td><em>Menkare</em></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Neferkara-II">Neferkara II</a></td><td><em>Neferkare II</em></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>4</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Neferkara-Neby">Neferkara Neby</a></td><td><em>Neferkare Neby</em></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>5</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Djedkara-Shemai">Djedkara Shemai</a></td><td><em>Djedkare Shemay</em></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>6</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Neferkara-Khendu">Neferkara Khendu</a></td><td><em>Neferkare Khendu</em></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>7</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Merenhor">Merenhor</a></td><td><em></em></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>8</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Neferkamin-I">Neferkamin I</a></td><td><em>Seneferka</em></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>9</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Nikara">Nikara</a></td><td><em>Nikare</em></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>10</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Neferkara-Tereru">Neferkara Tereru</a></td><td><em>Neferkare Tereru</em></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>11</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Neferkahor">Neferkahor</a></td><td><em></em></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>12</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Neferkara-Pepiseneb">Neferkara Pepiseneb</a></td><td><em>Neferkare Pepiseneb</em></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>13</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Neferkamin-Anu">Neferkamin Anu</a></td><td><em></em></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>14</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Qakara-Ibi">Qakara Ibi</a></td><td><em></em></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>15</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Neferkaura">Neferkaura</a></td><td><em>Neferkaure</em></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>16</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Neferkauhor">Neferkauhor</a></td><td><em></em></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>17</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Neferirkara-II">Neferirkara II</a></td><td><em>Neferirkare II</em></td><td></td></tr></table><br><h2 class="text-center py-3 col-12">Ninth Dynasty</h2><table class="w-full"><thead><tr><th>#</th><th>Pharaoh</th><th>Alternate names</th><th>Reign (BC)</th></tr></thead><tr><td>1</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Meribra-Khety-I">Meribra Khety I</a></td><td><em>Meribre Khety I</em></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Neferkara-III">Neferkara III</a></td><td><em>Neferkare III</em></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Wahkara-Khety-II">Wahkara Khety II</a></td><td><em>Wahkare Khety II</em></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>4</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Senen">Senen</a></td><td><em></em></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>5</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Neferkara-Khety-III">Neferkara Khety III</a></td><td><em>Neferkare Khety I</em></td><td></td></tr></table><br><h2 class="text-center py-3">Tenth Dynasty</h2><table class="w-full"><thead><tr><th>#</th><th>Pharaoh</th><th>Alternate names</th><th>Reign (BC)</th></tr></thead><tr><td>1</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Nebkaura-Khety-IV">Nebkaura Khety IV</a></td><td><em>Nebkaure Khety IV, Khety V</em></td><td>between 2160 and 2130</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Merikara">Merikara</a></td><td><em>Merykare</em></td><td>c. 2075–2040</td></tr><tr><td>?</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Sekhemkara-I">Sekhemkara I</a></td><td><em>Sekhemkare I</em></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>?</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Wadjkara">Wadjkara</a></td><td><em>Wadjkare</em></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>?</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Ity">Ity</a></td><td><em></em></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>?</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Imhotep">Imhotep</a></td><td><em></em></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>?</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Hotep">Hotep</a></td><td><em></em></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>?</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Khui">Khui</a></td><td><em></em></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>?</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Isu">Isu</a></td><td><em></em></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>?</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Iytenu">Iytenu</a></td><td><em></em></td><td></td></tr></table><h2 class="text-center py-3">Eleventh Dynasty</h2><table class="w-full"><thead><tr><th>#</th><th>Pharaoh</th><th>Alternate names</th><th>Reign (BC)</th></tr></thead><tr><td>1</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Mentuhotep-I">Mentuhotep I</a></td><td><em>Mentuhotep-aa</em></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Intef-I">Intef I</a></td><td><em>Antef I, Anjotef I, Inyotef I</em></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Intef-II">Intef II</a></td><td><em>Antef II, Anjotef II, Inyotef II</em></td><td>2066–2017</td></tr><tr><td>4</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Intef-III">Intef III</a></td><td><em>Antef III, Anjotef III, Inyotef III</em></td><td>2016–2009</td></tr><tr><td>5</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Mentuhotep-II">Mentuhotep II</a></td><td><em>Montuhotep II</em></td><td>2009–1959</td></tr><tr><td>6</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Mentuhotep-III">Mentuhotep III</a></td><td><em>Montuhotep III</em></td><td>1958–1947</td></tr><tr><td>7</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Mentuhotep-IV">Mentuhotep IV</a></td><td><em>Montuhotep IV</em></td><td>1947–1940</td></tr></table><br><h2 class="text-center py-3">Twelfth Dynasty</h2><table class="w-full"><thead><tr><th>#</th><th>Pharaoh</th><th>Alternate names</th><th>Reign (BC)</th></tr></thead><tr><td>1</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Amenemhat-I">Amenemhat I</a></td><td><em>Amenemhet I</em></td><td>1939–1910</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Senusret-I">Senusret I</a></td><td><em>Senusret I, Senwosret I</em></td><td>1920–1875</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Amenemhat-II">Amenemhat II</a></td><td><em>Amenemhet II</em></td><td>1878–1843</td></tr><tr><td>4</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Senusret-II">Senusret II</a></td><td><em>Senusret II, Senwosret II</em></td><td>1845–1837</td></tr><tr><td>5</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Senusret-III">Senusret III</a></td><td><em>Senusret III, Senwosret III, Sesostris</em></td><td>1837–1819</td></tr><tr><td>6</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Amenemhat-III">Amenemhat III</a></td><td><em>Amenemhet III</em></td><td>1818–1773</td></tr><tr><td>7</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Amenemhat-IV">Amenemhat IV</a></td><td><em>Amenemhet IV</em></td><td>1772–1764</td></tr><tr><td>8</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Neferusobek">Neferusobek</a></td><td><em>Sobekneferu</em></td><td>1763–1760</td></tr></table><h2 class="text-center py-3">Thirteenth Dynasty</h2><table class="w-full"><thead><tr><th>#</th><th>Pharaoh</th><th>Alternate names</th><th>Reign (BC)</th></tr></thead><tr><td>1</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Sobekhotep-I">Sobekhotep I</a></td><td><em>Sekhemre Khutawy Sobekhotep</em></td><td>1803–1800</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Sonbef">Sonbef</a></td><td><em>Sekhemkare Amenemhat Sonbef</em></td><td>1800–1796</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Nerikara">Nerikara</a></td><td><em>Nerikare</em></td><td>1796</td></tr><tr><td>4</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Sekhemkara-Amenemhat">Sekhemkara Amenemhat</a></td><td><em>Amenemhat V</em></td><td>1796–1793</td></tr><tr><td>5</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Ameny-Qemau">Ameny Qemau</a></td><td><em></em></td><td>1793–1791</td></tr><tr><td>6</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Qemau-Siharnedjheritef">Qemau Siharnedjheritef</a></td><td><em>Amenemhat VI</em></td><td>1791–1788</td></tr><tr><td>7</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Iufni">Iufni</a></td><td><em></em></td><td>1788</td></tr><tr><td>8</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Sankhibra-Amenemhat">Sankhibra Amenemhat</a></td><td><em></em></td><td>1788–1785</td></tr><tr><td>9</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Nebnun">Nebnun</a></td><td><em>Semenkare Nebnun, Nebennu</em></td><td>1785–1783</td></tr><tr><td>10</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Sewesekhtawy-Sehotepibra">Sewesekhtawy Sehotepibra</a></td><td><em></em></td><td>1783–1781</td></tr><tr><td>11</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Sewadjkara">Sewadjkara</a></td><td><em></em></td><td>1781</td></tr><tr><td>12</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Nedjemibra">Nedjemibra</a></td><td><em></em></td><td>1780</td></tr><tr><td>13</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Sobekhotep-II">Sobekhotep II</a></td><td><em>Khaankhre Sobekhotep, Sobekhotep I in older studies</em></td><td>1780–1777</td></tr><tr><td>14</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Ranisonb">Ranisonb</a></td><td><em></em></td><td>1777</td></tr><tr><td>15</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Hor-I">Hor I</a></td><td><em></em></td><td>1777–1775</td></tr><tr><td>16</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Sekhemra-Khutawy">Sekhemra Khutawy</a></td><td><em></em></td><td>1775–1772</td></tr><tr><td>17</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Djedkheperu">Djedkheperu</a></td><td><em></em></td><td>1772–1770</td></tr><tr><td>18</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Sebkay">Sebkay</a></td><td><em></em></td><td>1770–1769</td></tr><tr><td>19</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Sedjefakara-Kay-Amenemhat">Sedjefakara Kay-Amenemhat</a></td><td><em>Amenemhat VII</em></td><td>1769–1766</td></tr><tr><td>20</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Wegaf">Wegaf</a></td><td><em></em></td><td>1766–1764</td></tr><tr><td>21</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Khendjer">Khendjer</a></td><td><em></em></td><td>1764–1759</td></tr><tr><td>22</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Imyremeshaw">Imyremeshaw</a></td><td><em>Smenkhkare Emramesha</em></td><td>1759</td></tr><tr><td>23</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Intef-IV">Intef IV</a></td><td><em>Intef V, Sehotepkare Intef</em></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>24</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Meribra-Seth">Meribra Seth</a></td><td><em></em></td><td>1749</td></tr><tr><td>25</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Sobekhotep-III">Sobekhotep III</a></td><td><em>Sekhemre Sewadjtawy Sobkhotep</em></td><td>1749–1742</td></tr><tr><td>26</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Neferhotep-I">Neferhotep I</a></td><td><em>Khasekhemre Neferhotep</em></td><td>1742–1731</td></tr><tr><td>27</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Sihathor">Sihathor</a></td><td><em>Menwadjre Sihathor, Sahathor</em></td><td>1733</td></tr><tr><td>28</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Sobekhotep-IV">Sobekhotep IV</a></td><td><em>Khaneferre Sobekhotep</em></td><td>1732–1720</td></tr><tr><td>29</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Sobekhotep-V">Sobekhotep V</a></td><td><em>Merhotepre Sobekhotep, Sobekhotep VI in older studies</em></td><td>1720–1717</td></tr><tr><td>30</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Sobekhotep-VI">Sobekhotep VI</a></td><td><em>Khahotepre Sobekhotep, Sobekhotep V</em></td><td>1717–1712</td></tr><tr><td>31</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Wahibra-Jaib">Wahibra Jaib</a></td><td><em>Wahibre Iaib, Wahibre Ibiau</em></td><td>1712–1701</td></tr><tr><td>32</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Aya">Aya</a></td><td><em>Merneferre Ay</em></td><td>1701–1677</td></tr><tr><td>33</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Ini-I">Ini</a></td><td><em>Merhotepre</em></td><td>1677–1675</td></tr><tr><td>34</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Sewadjtu">Sewadjtu</a></td><td><em>Sankhenre</em></td><td>1675–1672</td></tr><tr><td>35</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Ined">Ined</a></td><td><em>Mersekhemre</em></td><td>1672–1669</td></tr><tr><td>36</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Sewadjkara-Hori">Sewadjkara Hori</a></td><td><em></em></td><td>1669–1664</td></tr><tr><td>37</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Sobekhotep-VII">Sobekhotep VII</a></td><td><em>Merkaure Sobekhotep</em></td><td>1664–1662</td></tr><tr><td>46</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Merkheperra">Merkheperra</a></td><td><em>Merkheperre</em></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>47</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Merkara">Merkara</a></td><td><em>Merkare</em></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>49</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Mentuhotep-V">Mentuhotep V</a></td><td><em>Sewadjare Mentuhotep, Mentuhotep VI</em></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>51</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Ibi">Ibi</a></td><td><em></em></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>52</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Hor-II">Hor II</a></td><td><em></em></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>53</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Se--kara">Se...kara</a></td><td><em>Sekare</em></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>54</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Sankhptahi">Sankhptahi</a></td><td><em></em></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>?</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Sekhaenra">Sekhaenra</a></td><td><em>Yakbim, Yakobmu</em></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>?</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Maara-Sobekhotep">Maara Sobekhotep</a></td><td><em>Sobekhotep IX</em></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>?</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Senebmiu">Senebmiu</a></td><td><em></em></td><td></td></tr></table><h2 class="text-center py-3">Fourteenth Dynasty</h2><table class="w-full"><thead><tr><th>#</th><th>Pharaoh</th><th>Alternate names</th><th>Reign (BC)</th></tr></thead><tr><td>1</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Yakbim">Yakbim</a></td><td><em></em></td><td>1805–1780</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Yammu">Yammu</a></td><td><em>Ya’amu, Jamu, Jaam, Nubwoserre Ya’ammu</em></td><td>1780–1770</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Qareh">Qareh</a></td><td><em></em></td><td>1770–1760</td></tr><tr><td>4</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Aahotepra">Aahotepra</a></td><td><em>Aahotepre</em></td><td>1760–1745</td></tr><tr><td>5</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Sheshi">Sheshi</a></td><td><em>Sheshy</em></td><td>1745–1705</td></tr><tr><td>6</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Nehesi">Nehesi</a></td><td><em>Nehesy, Nehsy</em></td><td>1705</td></tr><tr><td>7</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Khakherura">Khakherura</a></td><td><em>Khakherure</em></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>8</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Nebfaura">Nebfaura</a></td><td><em>Nebfaure</em></td><td>1704</td></tr><tr><td>9</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Sehabra">Sehabra</a></td><td><em>Sehabre</em></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>10</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Merdjefara">Merdjefara</a></td><td><em>Merdjefare</em></td><td>1694</td></tr><tr><td>11</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Sewadjkara-III">Sewadjkara III</a></td><td><em>Sewadjkare III</em></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>12</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Nebdjefara">Nebdjefara</a></td><td><em>Nebdjefare</em></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>13</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Webenra">Webenra</a></td><td><em>Webenre, Ubenre</em></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>15</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/--djefara">..djefara</a></td><td><em></em></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>16</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/--webenra">..webenra</a></td><td><em></em></td><td>1690</td></tr><tr><td>17</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Awibra">Awibra</a></td><td><em>Awibre, Auibra</em></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>18</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Heribra">Heribra</a></td><td><em>Heribre</em></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>19</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Nebsenra">Nebsenra</a></td><td><em>Nebsenre</em></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>22</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Sekheperenra">Sekheperenra</a></td><td><em>Sekheperenre</em></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>23</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Djedkherura">Djedkherura</a></td><td><em>Djedkherewre</em></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>24</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Sankhibra-II">Sankhibra II</a></td><td><em>Seankibre, Sankhibre</em></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>25</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Nefertum--ra">Nefertum..ra</a></td><td><em>Kanefertemre</em></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>26</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Sekhem--ra">Sekhem..ra</a></td><td><em></em></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>27</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Kakemura">Kakemura</a></td><td><em>Kakemure, Kakemetre</em></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>28</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Neferibra">Neferibra</a></td><td><em>Neferibre</em></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>29</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/I--ra">I..ra</a></td><td><em></em></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>30</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Khakara">Khakara</a></td><td><em>Khakare</em></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>31</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Akara">Akara</a></td><td><em>Akare, Aakare</em></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>32</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Hapu">Hapu</a></td><td><em>Semenenra, Semenenre, Hepu</em></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>33</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Anati">Anati</a></td><td><em>Djedkara</em></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>34</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Babnum">Babnum</a></td><td><em>Bebnem, Bebnum</em></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>43</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Senefer--ra">Senefer..ra</a></td><td><em></em></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>44</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Men--ra">Men..ra</a></td><td><em></em></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>45</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Djed--ra">Djed..ra</a></td><td><em></em></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>49</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Inek--">Inek..</a></td><td><em></em></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>50</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/A--">A..</a></td><td><em>Ineb...</em></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>51</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Ap--">Ap..</a></td><td><em>Apophis</em></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>?</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Wazad">Wazad</a></td><td><em></em></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>?</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Sheneh">Sheneh</a></td><td><em></em></td><td></td></tr></table><br><h2 class="text-center py-3">Fifteenth Dynasty</h2><table class="w-full"><thead><tr><th>#</th><th>Pharaoh</th><th>Alternate names</th><th>Reign (BC)</th></tr></thead><tr><td>1</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Salitis">Salitis</a></td><td><em></em></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Sakir-Har">Sakir-Har</a></td><td><em>Sakarher, Seker-Her</em></td><td>1621–</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Khyan">Khyan</a></td><td><em>Khian, Khayan</em></td><td>1621–1581</td></tr><tr><td>4</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Apepi">Apepi</a></td><td><em>Nebkhepeshre, Aqenenre, Aweserre, Apophis</em></td><td>1581–1541</td></tr><tr><td>5</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Khamudy">Khamudy</a></td><td><em>Khamudi</em></td><td>1541–1540</td></tr><tr><td>?</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Aperanat">Aperanat</a></td><td><em></em></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>?</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Semqen">Semqen</a></td><td><em></em></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>?</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Apachnas">Apachnas</a></td><td><em></em></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>?</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Sharek">Sharek</a></td><td><em></em></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>?</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Beon">Beon</a></td><td><em>Bnon</em></td><td></td></tr></table><br><h2 class="text-center py-3">Sixteenth Dynasty</h2><table class="w-full"><thead><tr><th>#</th><th>Pharaoh</th><th>Alternate names</th><th>Reign (BC)</th></tr></thead><tr><td>2</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Djehuty">Djehuty</a></td><td><em></em></td><td>1649–1648</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Sobekhotep-VIII">Sobekhotep VIII</a></td><td><em>Sekhemre Seusertawy Sobekhotep</em></td><td>1645–1629</td></tr><tr><td>4</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Neferhotep-III">Neferhotep III</a></td><td><em></em></td><td>1629</td></tr><tr><td>5</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Mentuhotepi">Mentuhotepi</a></td><td><em>Sankhenre Mentuhotepi, Mentuhotep VII</em></td><td>1628–1627</td></tr><tr><td>6</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Nebirau-I">Nebirau I</a></td><td><em>Nebiryraw I, Sewadjenre</em></td><td>1627–1601</td></tr><tr><td>7</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Nebirau-II">Nebirau II</a></td><td><em>Nebiryraw II</em></td><td>1601</td></tr><tr><td>8</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Semenenra">Semenenra</a></td><td><em></em></td><td>1601–1600</td></tr><tr><td>9</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Bebiankh">Bebiankh</a></td><td><em>Sewoserenre, Seuserenre</em></td><td>1600–1588</td></tr><tr><td>10</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Sekhemra-Shedwaset">Sekhemra Shedwaset</a></td><td><em></em></td><td>1588</td></tr><tr><td>11</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Dedumose-I">Dedumose I</a></td><td><em>Djedhotepre</em></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>12</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Dedumose-II">Dedumose II</a></td><td><em>Djedneferre</em></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>13</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Mentuemsaf">Mentuemsaf</a></td><td><em>Djedankhre</em></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>14</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Mentuhotep-VI">Mentuhotep VI</a></td><td><em>Merankhre</em></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>15</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Senusret-IV">Senusret IV</a></td><td><em>Seneferibre</em></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>?</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Pepi-III">Pepi III</a></td><td><em>Seneferankhre</em></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>?</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Nebmaatra">Nebmaatra</a></td><td><em>Nebmaatre</em></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>?</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Anetjerira">Anetjerira</a></td><td><em></em></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>?</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Meribra">Meribra</a></td><td><em>Meribre</em></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>?</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Nubankhra">Nubankhra</a></td><td><em>Nubankhre</em></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>?</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Nikara-II">Nikara II</a></td><td><em></em></td><td></td></tr></table><br><h2 class="text-center py-3">Seventeenth Dynasty</h2><table class="w-full"><thead><tr><th>#</th><th>Pharaoh</th><th>Alternate names</th><th>Reign (BC)</th></tr></thead><tr><td>1</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Rahotep">Rahotep</a></td><td><em>Rehotep</em></td><td>1580–1576</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Sobekemsaf-I">Sobekemsaf I</a></td><td><em></em></td><td>1576–1573</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Sobekemsaf-II">Sobekemsaf II</a></td><td><em></em></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>4</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Intef-V">Intef V</a></td><td><em>Sekhemra-Wepmaat Intef</em></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>5</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Intef-VI">Intef VI</a></td><td><em>Nubkheperra Intef</em></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>6</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Intef-VII">Intef VII</a></td><td><em>Sekhemra Heruhirmaat Intef</em></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>7</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Senakhtenra">Senakhtenra</a></td><td><em>Senakhtenre Tao in older texts</em></td><td>1559–1558</td></tr><tr><td>8</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Seqenenra">Seqenenra</a></td><td><em>Seqenenre Tao</em></td><td>1558–1554</td></tr><tr><td>9</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Kamose">Kamose</a></td><td><em>Kamesiu</em></td><td>1555–1550</td></tr></table><br><h2 class="text-center py-3 col-12">Abydos (Thinite) Dynasty</h2><table class="w-full"><thead><tr><th>#</th><th>Pharaoh</th><th>Alternate names</th><th>Reign (BC)</th></tr></thead><tr><td>1</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Senebkay">Senebkay</a></td><td><em></em></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Wepwawetemsaf">Wepwawetemsaf</a></td><td><em></em></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Pantjeny">Pantjeny</a></td><td><em></em></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>4</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Snaaib">Snaaib</a></td><td><em></em></td><td></td></tr></table><h2 class="text-center py-3">Eighteenth Dynasty</h2><table class="w-full"><thead><tr><th>#</th><th>Pharaoh</th><th>Alternate names</th><th>Reign (BC)</th></tr></thead><tr><td>1</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Ahmose-I">Ahmose I</a></td><td><em>Amasis, Amosis</em></td><td>1550–1525</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Amenhotep-I">Amenhotep I</a></td><td><em>Amenophis I</em></td><td>1541–1520</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Thutmose-I">Thutmose I</a></td><td><em>Tuthmosis I, Thutmosis I</em></td><td>1520–1492</td></tr><tr><td>4</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Thutmose-II">Thutmose II</a></td><td><em>Tuthmosis II, Thutmosis II</em></td><td>1492–1479</td></tr><tr><td>5</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Hatshepsut">Hatshepsut</a></td><td><em>Hatchepsut</em></td><td>1473–1458</td></tr><tr><td>6</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Thutmose-III">Thutmose III</a></td><td><em>Tuthmosis III, Thutmosis III</em></td><td>1479–1425</td></tr><tr><td>7</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Amenhotep-II">Amenhotep II</a></td><td><em>Amenophis II</em></td><td>1425–1400</td></tr><tr><td>8</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Thutmose-IV">Thutmose IV</a></td><td><em>Tuthmosis IV, Thutmosis IV</em></td><td>1400–1390</td></tr><tr><td>9</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Amenhotep-III">Amenhotep III</a></td><td><em>Amenophis III</em></td><td>1390–1352</td></tr><tr><td>10</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Amenhotep-IV">Amenhotep IV</a></td><td><em>Akhenaten, Akhenaton, Echnaton, Amenophis IV</em></td><td>1352–1334</td></tr><tr><td>11</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Neferneferuaten">Neferneferuaten</a></td><td><em>Nefertiti, Meritaten</em></td><td>1334–1332</td></tr><tr><td>12</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Smenkhkara">Smenkhkara</a></td><td><em>Smenkhare, Smenkare</em></td><td>1332–</td></tr><tr><td>13</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Tutankhamun">Tutankhamun</a></td><td><em>Tutankhamon, King Tut, Tutankhamen, Tutankhaton</em></td><td>1332–1323</td></tr><tr><td>14</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Ay">Ay</a></td><td><em>Aja, Aya</em></td><td>1322–1320</td></tr><tr><td>15</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Horemheb">Horemheb</a></td><td><em>Horemhab, Haremhab</em></td><td>1320–1292</td></tr></table><h2 class="text-center py-3">Nineteenth Dynasty</h2><table class="w-full"><thead><tr><th>#</th><th>Pharaoh</th><th>Alternate names</th><th>Reign (BC)</th></tr></thead><tr><td>1</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Ramesses-I">Ramesses I</a></td><td><em>Ramses I</em></td><td>1292–1290</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Seti-I">Seti I</a></td><td><em>Sethos I</em></td><td>1290–1279</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Ramesses-II">Ramesses II</a></td><td><em>Rameses II, Ramses II</em></td><td>1279–1213</td></tr><tr><td>4</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Merenptah">Merenptah</a></td><td><em>Merneptah</em></td><td>1213–1203</td></tr><tr><td>5</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Seti-II">Seti II</a></td><td><em>Sethos II</em></td><td>1203–1200</td></tr><tr><td>6</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Amenmesse">Amenmesse</a></td><td><em>Amenmesses, Amenmose</em></td><td>1203–1197</td></tr><tr><td>7</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Siptah">Siptah</a></td><td><em>Merenptah Siptah</em></td><td>1197–1191</td></tr><tr><td>8</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Tausret">Tausret</a></td><td><em>Tawosret, Twosret</em></td><td>1191–1190</td></tr></table><h2 class="text-center py-3">Twentieth Dynasty</h2><table class="w-full"><thead><tr><th>#</th><th>Pharaoh</th><th>Alternate names</th><th>Reign (BC)</th></tr></thead><tr><td>1</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Setnakht">Setnakht</a></td><td><em>Setnakhte</em></td><td>1190–1186</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Ramesses-III">Ramesses III</a></td><td><em>Rameses III, Ramses III</em></td><td>1186–1155</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Ramesses-IV">Ramesses IV</a></td><td><em></em></td><td>1155–1149</td></tr><tr><td>4</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Ramesses-V">Ramesses V</a></td><td><em></em></td><td>1149–1145</td></tr><tr><td>5</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Ramesses-VI">Ramesses VI</a></td><td><em></em></td><td>1145–1137</td></tr><tr><td>6</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Ramesses-VII">Ramesses VII</a></td><td><em></em></td><td>1137–1130</td></tr><tr><td>7</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Ramesses-VIII">Ramesses VIII</a></td><td><em></em></td><td>1130–1129</td></tr><tr><td>8</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Ramesses-IX">Ramesses IX</a></td><td><em></em></td><td>1129–1111</td></tr><tr><td>9</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Ramesses-X">Ramesses X</a></td><td><em></em></td><td>1111–1107</td></tr><tr><td>10</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Ramesses-XI">Ramesses XI</a></td><td><em></em></td><td>1107–1077</td></tr></table><h2 class="text-center py-3">Twenty-first Dynasty</h2><table class="w-full"><thead><tr><th>#</th><th>Pharaoh</th><th>Alternate names</th><th>Reign (BC)</th></tr></thead><tr><td>1</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Smendes-I">Smendes I</a></td><td><em></em></td><td>1077–1051</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Amenemnesut">Amenemnesut</a></td><td><em>Amenemnisu</em></td><td>1051–1047</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Psusennes-I">Psusennes I</a></td><td><em></em></td><td>1047–1001</td></tr><tr><td>4</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Amenemope">Amenemope</a></td><td><em></em></td><td>1101–992</td></tr><tr><td>5</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Osochor">Osochor</a></td><td><em>Osorkon the Elder</em></td><td>992–986</td></tr><tr><td>6</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Siamun">Siamun</a></td><td><em></em></td><td>986–967</td></tr><tr><td>7</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Psusennes-II">Psusennes II</a></td><td><em></em></td><td>967–943</td></tr></table><h2 class="text-center py-3">Twenty-second Dynasty</h2><table class="w-full"><thead><tr><th>#</th><th>Pharaoh</th><th>Alternate names</th><th>Reign (BC)</th></tr></thead><tr><td>1</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Shoshenq-I">Shoshenq I</a></td><td><em>Sheshonq I, Sheshonk I</em></td><td>943–922</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Osorkon-I">Osorkon I</a></td><td><em></em></td><td>922–887</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Shoshenq-II">Shoshenq II</a></td><td><em>Sheshonq II, Sheshonk II</em></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>4</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Shoshenq-IIb">Shoshenq IIb</a></td><td><em>Sheshonq IIb, Sheshonk IIb</em></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>5</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Takelot-I">Takelot I</a></td><td><em></em></td><td>885–872</td></tr><tr><td>6</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Osorkon-II">Osorkon II</a></td><td><em></em></td><td>872–837</td></tr><tr><td>7</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Shoshenq-III">Shoshenq III</a></td><td><em>Sheshonq III, Sheshonk III</em></td><td>837–798</td></tr><tr><td>8</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Shoshenq-IV">Shoshenq IV</a></td><td><em></em></td><td>798–785</td></tr><tr><td>9</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Pami">Pami</a></td><td><em></em></td><td>785–778</td></tr><tr><td>10</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Shoshenq-V">Shoshenq V</a></td><td><em>Sheshonq V, Sheshonk V</em></td><td>778–740</td></tr><tr><td>11</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Pedubast-II">Pedubast II</a></td><td><em></em></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>12</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Osorkon-IV">Osorkon IV</a></td><td><em></em></td><td>740–720</td></tr></table><h2 class="text-center py-3">Twenty-third Dynasty</h2><table class="w-full"><thead><tr><th>#</th><th>Pharaoh</th><th>Alternate names</th><th>Reign (BC)</th></tr></thead><tr><td>1</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Takelot-II">Takelot II</a></td><td><em></em></td><td>840–815</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Pedubast-I">Pedubast I</a></td><td><em></em></td><td>829–804</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Iuput-I">Iuput I</a></td><td><em></em></td><td>829–804</td></tr><tr><td>4</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Shoshenq-VI">Shoshenq VI</a></td><td><em>Previously known as Shoshenq IV</em></td><td>804–798</td></tr><tr><td>5</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Osorkon-III">Osorkon III</a></td><td><em></em></td><td>798–769</td></tr><tr><td>6</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Takelot-III">Takelot III</a></td><td><em></em></td><td>774–759</td></tr><tr><td>7</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Rudamun">Rudamun</a></td><td><em>Rudamon</em></td><td>759–755</td></tr></table><h2 class="text-center py-3">Twenty-fourth Dynasty</h2><table class="w-full"><thead><tr><th>#</th><th>Pharaoh</th><th>Alternate names</th><th>Reign (BC)</th></tr></thead><tr><td>1</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Tafnakht">Tafnakht</a></td><td><em></em></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Bakenrenef">Bakenrenef</a></td><td><em></em></td><td></td></tr></table><h2 class="text-center py-3">Twenty-fifth Dynasty</h2><table class="w-full"><thead><tr><th>#</th><th>Pharaoh</th><th>Alternate names</th><th>Reign (BC)</th></tr></thead><tr><td>1</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Piye">Piye</a></td><td><em>Piankhi, Piankhy, Pije, Pianchy</em></td><td>752–721</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Shabaka">Shabaka</a></td><td><em>Sabacon</em></td><td>721–707</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Shebitko">Shebitko</a></td><td><em>Shebitku</em></td><td>707–690</td></tr><tr><td>4</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Taharqa">Taharqa</a></td><td><em>Taharka, Taharqo</em></td><td>690–664</td></tr><tr><td>5</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Tenutamen">Tenutamen</a></td><td><em>Tantamani</em></td><td>664–656</td></tr></table><h2 class="text-center py-3">Twenty-sixth Dynasty</h2><table class="w-full"><thead><tr><th>#</th><th>Pharaoh</th><th>Alternate names</th><th>Reign (BC)</th></tr></thead><tr><td>1</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Necho-I">Necho I</a></td><td><em>Nekao I</em></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Psamtik-I">Psamtik I</a></td><td><em>Psammetichus I</em></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Necho-II">Necho II</a></td><td><em>Nekao II</em></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>4</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Psamtik-II">Psamtik II</a></td><td><em>Psammetichus II</em></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>5</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Apries">Apries</a></td><td><em>Hophra</em></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>6</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Amasis">Amasis</a></td><td><em>Ahmose II, Ahmose III</em></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>7</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Psamtik-III">Psamtik III</a></td><td><em>Psammecherites, Psammetichus III</em></td><td></td></tr></table><h2 class="text-center pt-3">Twenty-seventh Dynasty</h2><p class="text-lg text-center font-serif pb-3">Persian satrapy</p><table class="w-full"><thead><tr><th>#</th><th>Pharaoh</th><th>Alternate names</th><th>Reign (BC)</th></tr></thead><tr><td>1</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Cambyses-II">Cambyses II</a></td><td></td><td>525–522</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Darius-I">Darius I</a></td><td></td><td>522–486</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Xerxes-I">Xerxes I</a></td><td></td><td>486–465</td></tr><tr><td>4</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Artaxerxes-I">Artaxerxes I</a></td><td></td><td>465–424</td></tr><tr><td>5</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Darius-II">Darius II</a></td><td></td><td>424–405</td></tr><tr><td>6</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Artaxerxes-II">Artaxerxes II</a></td><td></td><td>405–404</td></tr></table><h2 class="text-center py-3">Twenty-eighth Dynasty</h2><table class="w-full"><thead><tr><th>#</th><th>Pharaoh</th><th>Alternate names</th><th>Reign (BC)</th></tr></thead><tr><td>1</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Amyrtaeus">Amyrtaeus</a></td><td></td><td>404–399</td></tr></table><br><h2 class="text-center py-3 col-12">Twenty-ninth Dynasty</h2><table class="w-full"><thead><tr><th>#</th><th>Pharaoh</th><th>Alternate names</th><th>Reign (BC)</th></tr></thead><tr><td>1</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Neferites-I">Neferites I</a></td><td></td><td>398–393</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Akoris">Akoris</a></td><td></td><td>393–380</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Psammuthis">Psammuthis</a></td><td></td><td>393</td></tr><tr><td>4</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Neferites-II">Neferites II</a></td><td></td><td>380</td></tr><tr><td>5</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Muthis">Muthis</a></td><td></td><td></td></tr></table><br><h2 class="text-center py-3">Thirtieth Dynasty</h2><table class="w-full"><thead><tr><th>#</th><th>Pharaoh</th><th>Alternate names</th><th>Reign (BC)</th></tr></thead><tr><td>1</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Nectanebo-I">Nectanebo I</a></td><td></td><td>380–362</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Djedhor-Teos-I">Djedhor Teos I</a></td><td></td><td>362–360</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Nectanebo-II">Nectanebo II</a></td><td></td><td>360–343</td></tr></table><br><h2 class="text-center py-3">Thirty-first Dynasty</h2><table class="w-full"><thead><tr><th>#</th><th>Pharaoh</th><th>Alternate names</th><th>Reign (BC)</th></tr></thead><tr><td>1</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Artaxerxes-III">Artaxerxes III</a></td><td></td><td>343–338</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Arses">Arses</a></td><td></td><td>338–336</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Darius-III">Darius III</a></td><td></td><td>336–332</td></tr></table><br><h2 class="text-center py-3">Argead Dynasty</h2><table class="w-full"><thead><tr><th>#</th><th>Pharaoh</th><th>Alternate names</th><th>Reign (BC)</th></tr></thead><tr><td>1</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Alexander-the-Great">Alexander the Great</a></d><td></td><td>332–323</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Philip-III-Arrhidaeus">Philip III Arrhidaeus</></td><td></td><td>323–317</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Alexander-IV">Alexander IV Aegus</a></td><td></td><td>317–309</td></tr></table><br><h2 class="text-center py-3">Ptolemaic Dynasty</h2><table class="w-full"><thead><tr><th>#</th><th>Pharaoh</th><th>Alternate names</th><th>Reign (BC)</th></tr></thead><tr><td>1</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Ptolemy-I">Ptolemy I</a></td><td><em>Ptolemaios Soter</em></td><td>305–285</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Ptolemy-II">Ptolemy II</a></td><td><em>Ptolemaios Philadelphos</em></td><td>288–246</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Ptolemy-III">Ptolemy III</a></td><td><em>Ptolemaios Euergetes</em></td><td>246–222</td></tr><tr><td>4</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Ptolemy-IV">Ptolemy IV</a></td><td><em>Ptolemaios Philopator</em></td><td>222–204</td></tr><tr><td>5</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Ptolemy-V">Ptolemy V</a></td><td><em>Ptolemaios Epiphanes</em></td><td>204–180</td></tr><tr><td>6</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Ptolemy-VI">Ptolemy VI</a></td><td><em>Ptolemaios Philometor</em></td><td>180–145</td></tr><tr><td>7</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Ptolemy-VII">Ptolemy VII</a></td><td><em>Ptolemaios Neos Philopator</em></td><td>145</td></tr><tr><td>8</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Ptolemy-VIII">Ptolemy VIII</a></td><td><em>Ptolemaios Euergetes Physcon</em></td><td>169–164,<br>144–132,<br>126–116</td></tr><tr><td>9</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Ptolemy-IX">Ptolemy IX</a></td><td><em>Ptolemaios Soter Lathyrus</em></td><td>116–110,<br>109–107,<br>88–81</td></tr><tr><td>10</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Ptolemy-X">Ptolemy X</a></td><td><em>Ptolemaios Alexander</em></td><td>110–109,<br>107–88</td></tr><tr><td>11</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Ptolemy-XI">Ptolemy XI</a></td><td><em>Ptolemaios Alexander II</em></td><td>80</td></tr><tr><td>12</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Ptolemy-XII">Ptolemy XII</a></td><td><em>Ptolemaios Neos Dionysus Auletes</em></td><td>80–58</td></tr><tr><td>13</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Ptolemy-XIII">Ptolemy XIII</a></td><td><em>Ptolemaios Philopator II</em></td><td>51–47</td></tr><tr><td>14</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Ptolemy-XIV">Ptolemy XIV</a></td><td><em>Ptolemaios Philopator Philadelphus</em></td><td>47–44</td></tr><tr><td>15</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Cleopatra-VII">Cleopatra VII</a></td><td><em>Kleopatra</em></td><td>51–30</td></tr><tr><td>16</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Ptolemy-XV">Ptolemy XV</a></td><td><em>Ptolemaios Philopator Philometor Caesarion</em></td><td>44–30</td></tr></table><h2 class="text-center py-3">Roman Emperors</h2><table class="w-full"><thead><tr><th>#</th><th>Emperor</th><th>Latin names</th><th>Reign (CE)</th></tr></head><tr><td>1</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Augustus">Augustus</a></td><td><em>Imperator Caesar Divi Filius Augustus</em></td><td>27 BC–14 CE</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Tiberius">Tiberius</a></td><td><em>Tiberius Caesar Divi Augusti Fīlius Augustus</em></td><td>14–37</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Caligula">Caligula</a></td><td><em>Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus Germanicus</em></td><td>37–41</td></tr><tr><td>4</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Claudius">Claudius</a></td><td><em>Tiberius Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus</em></td><td>41–54</td></tr><tr><td>5</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Nero">Nero</a></td><td><em>Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus</em></td><td>54–68</td></tr><tr><td>6</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Galba">Galba</a></td><td><em>Servius Sulpicius Galba Caesar Augustus</em></td><td>68–69</td></tr><tr><td>7</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Otho">Otho</a></td><td><em>Marcus Salvius Otho Caesar Augustus</em></td><td>69</td></tr><tr><td>8</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Vespasianus">Vespasianus</a></td><td><em>Vespsian, Titus Flavius Caesar Vespasianus Augustus</em></td><td>69–79</td></tr><tr><td>9</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Titus">Titus</a></td><td><em>Titus Flavius Sabinus Vespasianus Augustus</em></td><td>79–81</td></tr><tr><td>10</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Domitianus">Domitianus</a></td><td><em>Domitian, Titus Flavius Caesar Domitianus Augustus</em></td><td>81–96</td></tr><tr><td>11</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Nerva">Nerva</a></td><td><em>Marcus Cocceius Nerva Caesar Augustus</em></td><td>96–98</td></tr><tr><td>12</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Trajanus">Trajanus</a></td><td><em>Trajan, Imperator Caesar Nerva Traianus Divi Nervae filius Augustus</em></d><td>98–117</td></tr><tr><td>13</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Hadrianus">Hadrianus</a></td><td><em>Hadrian, Publius Aelius Hadrianus Augustus</em></td><td>117–138</td></tr><tr><td>14</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Antoninus-Pius">Antoninus Pius</a></td><td><em>Titus Fulvus Aelius Hadrianus Antoninus Augustus Pius</em></td><td>138–161</td></tr><tr><td>15</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Marcus-Aurelius">Marcus Aurelius</a></td><td><em>Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Augustus</em></td><td>161–180</td></tr><tr><td>16</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Lucius-Verus">Lucius Verus</a></td><td><em>Lucius Aurelius Verus Augustus</em></td><td>161–169</td></tr><tr><td>17</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Commodus">Commodus</a></td><td><em>Marcus Aurelius Commodus Antoninus Augustus</em></td><td>177–192</td></tr><tr><td>18</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Septimius-Severus">Septimius Severus</a></td><td><em>Lucius Septimius Severus Augustus</em></td><td>193–211</td></tr><tr><td>19</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Caracalla">Caracalla</a></td><td><em>Marcus Aurelius Severus Antoninus Augustus</em></td><td>217–218</td></tr><tr><td>20</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Geta">Geta</a></td><td><em>Publius Septimius Geta Augustus</em></td><td>217–218</td></tr><tr><td>21</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Macrinus">Macrinus</a></td><td><em>Marcus Opellius Severus Macrinus Augustus</em></td><td>244–249</td></tr><tr><td>22</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Diadumenianus">Diadumenianus</a></td><td><em>Diadumenian, Marcus Opellius Antoninus Diadumenianus</em></td><td>249–251</td></tr><tr><td>23</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Philippus-Arabs">Philippus Arabs</a></td><td><em>Philip the Arab, Marcus Julius Philippus Augustus</em></td><td>253–260</td></tr><tr><td>24</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Trajanus-Decius">Trajanus Decius</a></td><td><em>Decius, Caesar Gaius Messius Quintus Traianus Decius Augustus</em></td><td>276–282</td></tr><tr><td>25</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Valerianus">Valerianus</a></td><td><em>Valerian, Publius Licinius Valerianus Augustus</em></td><td>284–305</td></tr><tr><td>26</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Probus">Probus</a></td><td><em>Marcus Aurelius Probus Augustus</em></td><td>276–282</td></tr><tr><td>27</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Diocletianus">Diocletianus</a></td><td><em>Diocletian, Gaius Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus Augustus</em></td><td>284–305</td></tr><tr><td>28</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Maximianus">Maximianus</a></td><td><em>Maximian, Marcus Aurelius Valerius Maximianus Herculius Augustus</em></td><td>286–305</td></tr><tr><td>29</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Galerius">Galerius</a></td><td><em>Gaius Galerius Valerius Maximianus Augustus</em></td><td>305–311</td></tr><tr><td>30</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Maximinus-Daia">Maximinus Daia</a></td><td><em>Maximinus II, Gaius Valerius Galerius Maximinus Daia Augustus</em></td><td>311–313</td></tr></table><h2 class="text-center py-3">Unplaced pharaohs or kings</h2><p>There are several pharaohs where their reigns and identities remain shrouded in mystery. Whether controversial or completely unknown, archaeologists and historians alike tries to unlock their secrets.</p><table class="w-full my-10"><thead><tr><th>#</th><th>King</th><th>Also known as</th><th>Remarks</th></tr></head><tr><td>1</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Anather">Anather</a></td><td>-</td><td>Contemporary with Dynasty XII?</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Harsiese-A">Harsiese A</a></td><td>-</td><td>Ruled at Thebes during Dynasty XXIII</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Ini-II">Ini II</a></td><td>-</td><td>Ruled at Thebes during Dynasty XXIII</td></tr><tr><td>4</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Peftjauawybast">Peftjauawybast</a></td><td>Peftjaubast</td><td>Governor(?) at Herakleopolis installed by <a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Piye">Piye</a></td></tr><tr><td>5</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Pedubast-III">Pedubast III</a></td><td>Petubastis IV</td><td>Revolted against the Persian Domination of Dynasty XXVII</td></tr><tr><td>6</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Psamtik-IV">Psamtik IV</a></td><td>Psammetichus IV</td><td>Probably rebelled against the Persian Domination</td></tr><tr><td>7</td><td><a href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Inaros">Inaros</a></td><td>Inarus, Inaros II</td><td>Rebelled against the Persian Domination</td></tr></table></div> <div class="mx-auto my-20 w-5/6 p-5" data-astro-cid-vannxnsq> <h3 data-astro-cid-vannxnsq>Disclaimer</h3> <p data-astro-cid-vannxnsq> For various reasons, the king lists above are incomplete, and will likely remain so. Most of the kings not included are very obscure, or very unlikely to have actually ruled over Egypt. I guess it all depends on where to draw the line.<br data-astro-cid-vannxnsq><br data-astro-cid-vannxnsq>New research may alter the chronological order, which is a fundamental principle that <i data-astro-cid-vannxnsq>applies to all</i> Egyptian dynasties. However, the field of Egyptology is characterised by a very slow pace of change, with significant shifts often taking decades to emerge, and often remaining hidden in the confines of esoteric journal articles or academic circles. Bear that in mind. </p> </div> </section> <div class="py-10 my-5 print:hidden" aria-hidden="true"> <img src="/svg/thoth.svg" loading="lazy" class="mx-auto h-28 opacity-50 transition duration-300 hover:opacity-100" alt="Thoth" title="You have reached the end of the page. This is Thoth, the wise God of writing and hieroglyphs." srcset=""> <p class="text-center uppercase font-sans text-xs pt-3"> <abbr class="text-stone-400 dark:text-shark-700 no-underline" title="Latin for: Nothing comes from nothing">Ex nihilo nihil fit</abbr> </p> </div> <div class="hidden print:block print:py-20 text-center"> <h3>Original text from:</h3><a href="https://pharaoh.se{currentPath}" class="font-mono text-sm text-black"><img src="/svg/pharaohse.svg" alt="Pharaoh.SE" class="w-60 mx-auto block">https://pharaoh.se/ancient-egypt/pharaohs/</a> </div> </article> <aside class="hidden lg:grid lg:col-span-3 print:hidden border-s border-stone-300 dark:border-shark-900 dark:bg-darky" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f> <div class="flex h-full px-5 overflow-y-auto sm:w-64 w-80 font-sans" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f> <nav class="-mx-3 space-y-8 pb-36" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f> <div class="space-y-1" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f> <label for="pharaohs" class="px-3 text-base font-bold text-stone-800 uppercase dark:text-shark-400" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f>Pharaohs</label> <a class="list-link" href="/ancient-egypt/pharaohs" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f>Pharaohs</a> <a class="list-link" href="/ancient-egypt/dynasties" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f>Dynasties</a> <a class="list-link" href="/ancient-egypt/chronology" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f>Chronology</a> </div> <div class="space-y-1" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f> <label for="Egyptian king lists" class="px-3 text-base font-bold text-stone-800/80 uppercase dark:text-shark-400" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f>Egyptian king lists</label> <a class="list-link" href="/ancient-egypt/kinglists" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f>Overview</a> <a class="list-link" href="/ancient-egypt/kinglist/abydos-canon" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f>Abydos Canon</a> <a class="list-link" href="/ancient-egypt/kinglist/karnak-canon" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f>Karnak Canon</a> <a class="list-link" href="/ancient-egypt/kinglist/saqqara-canon" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f>Saqqara Canon</a> <a class="list-link" href="/ancient-egypt/kinglist/compare-canons" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f>Compare canons</a> <a class="list-link" href="/ancient-egypt/kinglist/medinet-habu-canon" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f>Medinet Habu Canon</a> <a class="list-link" href="/ancient-egypt/kinglist/ramesseum-canon" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f>Ramesseum Canon</a> <a class="list-link" href="/ancient-egypt/kinglist/marseille" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f>Marseille offering table</a> <a class="list-link" href="/ancient-egypt/kinglist/other" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f>Minor king lists</a> </div> <div class="space-y-1" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f> <label for="Turin king list" class="px-3 text-base font-bold text-stone-800/80 uppercase dark:text-shark-400" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f>Turin king list</label> <a class="list-link" href="/ancient-egypt/kinglist/turin" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f>Overview</a> <a class="list-link" href="/ancient-egypt/kinglist/turin-history" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f>History</a> <a class="list-link" href="/ancient-egypt/kinglist/turin-contents" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f>Contents</a> <a class="list-link" href="/ancient-egypt/kinglist/turin-fragments" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f>Fragments</a> <a class="list-link" href="/ancient-egypt/kinglist/turin-vorlage" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f>Vorlage</a> <a class="list-link" href="/ancient-egypt/kinglist/turin-gallery" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f>Gallery</a> <a class="list-link" href="/ancient-egypt/kinglist/turin-recto" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f>Recto</a> <a class="list-link" href="/ancient-egypt/kinglist/turin/library" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f>Library</a> </div> <div class="space-y-1" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f> <label for="Historians" class="px-3 text-base font-bold text-stone-800 uppercase dark:text-shark-400" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f>Historians</label> <a class="list-link" href="/ancient-egypt/kinglist/herodotus" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f>Herodotus</a> <a class="list-link" href="/ancient-egypt/kinglist/manetho" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f>Manetho</a> <a class="list-link" href="/ancient-egypt/kinglist/manetho-king-list" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f>Manetho’s king list</a> <a class="list-link" href="/ancient-egypt/kinglist/africanus" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f>Africanus</a> <a class="list-link" href="/ancient-egypt/kinglist/eusebius" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f>Eusebius</a> <a class="list-link" href="/ancient-egypt/kinglist/josephus" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f>Josephus</a> <a class="list-link" href="/ancient-egypt/kinglist/diodorus" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f>Diodorus</a> <a class="list-link" href="/ancient-egypt/kinglist/jerome" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f>St. Jerome</a> <a class="list-link" href="/ancient-egypt/kinglist/eratosthenes" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f>Eratosthenes</a> <a class="list-link" href="/ancient-egypt/kinglist/syncellus" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f>Syncellus</a> </div> <div class="space-y-1" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f> <label for="Ancient Egypt: Miscellaneous" class="px-3 text-base font-bold text-stone-800 uppercase dark:text-shark-400" 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<label for="Ancient Egypt Periods" class="px-3 text-base font-bold text-stone-800 uppercase dark:text-shark-400" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f>Periods</label> <a class="list-link" href="/ancient-egypt/period/old-kingdom" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f>Old Kingdom</a> <a class="list-link" href="/ancient-egypt/period/first-intermediate-period" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f>First Intermediate</a> <a class="list-link" href="/ancient-egypt/period/middle-kingdom" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f>Middle Kingdom</a> <a class="list-link" href="/ancient-egypt/period/second-intermediate-period" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f>Second Intermediate</a> <a class="list-link" href="/ancient-egypt/period/new-kingdom" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f>New Kingdom</a> <a class="list-link" href="/ancient-egypt/period/third-intermediate-period" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f>Third Intermediate</a> <a class="list-link" href="/ancient-egypt/period/late-period" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f>Late Period</a> <a class="list-link" 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