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font-normal" data-astro-cid-tnnyocjb> <section class="page-content"> <div class=""> <div class="pb-6">The fifth pharaoh of the <a href="/ancient-egypt/dynasty/6">Sixth Dynasty</a>, <i>a.k.a. Pepy II, Neferkare</i></div>  </div> <div class="py-3 flex flex-wrap sm:flex-nowrap"> <div class="w-full sm:w-5/6"> <p>Pepi II became king when he was six years old, and according to Manetho, he went on to rule for 94 years. That he did rule for some sixty odd years can be corroborated, but anything more than that is uncertain. His long reign is thought to have led to stagnation of the administration of the kingdom, and was perhaps a key ingredient of the fall of the Old Kingdom. Manetho trancribed Pepi into Greek as <em>Phiops</em>.</p> </div> <div class="w-1/2 ma sm:w-1/6 min-w-[250px] py-5 sm:ml-6 text-xs dark:text-shark-300 pb-4"> <table class="w-full bg-white border dark:border-shark-700 font-sans shadow-lg"> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="text-center dark:bg-shark-900 pt-0 pb-3 text-base font-serif"> <p><span class="font-sans font-normal">Precedessor</span><br> <a class="text-lg" href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Nemtiemsaf-I">Nemtiemsaf I</a></p> <p class="mt-0"><span class="font-sans font-normal">Successor</span><br> <a class="text-lg" href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Nemtiemsaf-II">Nemtiemsaf II</a></p> </th> </tr> <tbody class="dark:bg-shark-800"><tr class="border-b dark:border-shark-700"><th colspan="2" class="bg-stone-100 dark:bg-shark-700 dark:text-shark-300 font-normal p-1.5">Reign of <b class="dark:text-shark-100">Pepi II</b></th></tr><tr class="border-b dark:border-shark-700"><td class="p-1">AE Chronology</td><td class="p-1">2216–2153</td></tr> <tr class="border-b dark:border-shark-700"><td class="p-1">v. Beckerath</td><td class="p-1">2254–2194</td></tr> <tr class="border-b dark:border-shark-700"><td class="p-1">Shaw</td><td class="p-1">2278–2184</td></tr> <tr class="border-b dark:border-shark-700"><td class="p-1">Dodson</td><td class="p-1">2212–2118</td></tr> <tr class="border-b dark:border-shark-700"><td class="p-1">Allen</td><td class="p-1">2246–2152</td></tr> <tr class="border-b dark:border-shark-700"><td class="p-1">Malek</td><td class="p-1">2236–2143</td></tr> <tr class="border-b dark:border-shark-700"><td class="p-1">Franke</td><td class="p-1">2245–2180</td></tr> <tr class="border-b dark:border-shark-700"><td class="p-1">Redford</td><td class="p-1">2300–2206</td></tr> <tr class="border-b dark:border-shark-700"><td class="p-1">Turin King List</td><td class="p-1">90+x years</td></tr> <tr class="border-b dark:border-shark-700"><td class="p-1">Manetho <small>(Africanus)</small></td><td class="p-1">94 years</td></tr> <tr class="border-b dark:border-shark-700"><td class="p-1">Highest attestation</td><td class="p-1">Year 62</td></tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> <div> <h2 class="text-3xl text-center pt-10">The Royal Titulary</h2> <p class="text-base text-center">From the hieroglyphic records</p> <div class="mb-5"><div class="kort"><div class="text-center pt-8 pb-10"><img class="my-5 h-12 pl-5 inline dark:invert" loading="eager" src="/svg/pharaoh/06-05-01.svg" alt="" /><div class="sm:hidden"></div><img src="/svg/hiero/t_nesut.svg" loading="eager" class="my-5 h-12 pl-5 inline sepia dark:invert dark:contrast-75" alt="The Dual King" /><img class="h-12 inline dark:invert" loading="eager" src="/svg/pharaoh/06-05-05.svg" alt="" /><div class="sm:hidden"></div><img src="/svg/hiero/t_sara.svg" loading="eager" class="my-5 h-12 pl-5 inline sepia dark:invert dark:contrast-75" alt="The Son of Ra" /><img class="h-12 inline dark:invert" loading="eager" src="/svg/pharaoh/06-05-06.svg" alt="" /><p class="text-base pt-2"><span class="text-xs uppercase font-sans dark:text-stone-400">Horus</span> Netjer khau <span class="text-xs uppercase font-sans dark:text-stone-400"> The Dual King</span> Nefer ka Ra* <span class="text-xs uppercase font-sans dark:text-stone-400"> Son of Ra</span> Pepi</p></div></div></div> <div data-astro-cid-h3g3egrz><h2 class="text-center pt-10 pb-0 text-4xl text-red dark:text-amber-200" data-astro-cid-h3g3egrz>Horus names</h2><img src="/svg/hiero/t_horus.svg" loading="lazy" class="h-20 dark:invert mx-auto" alt="Horus name" data-astro-cid-h3g3egrz><p class="w-2/3 font-sans text-base mx-auto text-center text-stone-800 dark:text-shark-300 text-balance" data-astro-cid-h3g3egrz> The oldest form of the name of a pharaoh, a falcon representing Horus is perched on the palace facade. </p><div class="p-2" data-astro-cid-h3g3egrz><div class="cards"> <div class="hiero"> <div class="ht"> Horus name </div> <img class="h-12 sm:h-16 my-2 sm:my-3 dark:invert max-w-full object-contain" loading="lazy" src="/svg/pharaoh/06-05-01.svg" alt="Horus name"> <div class="ha"> Netjer khau </div> <div class="hb"> nṯr.i-ẖꜤw </div> <div class="hc"> Divine of appearances </div> <div class="hd"> nTr-xa-w </div> <div class="he"> Sethe, <i>Die Altaegyptischen Pyramidentexte nach den Papierabdrucken und Photographien des Berliner Museums</i>, I, 7<br>Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. <i>MÄS</i> <b>49</b> (1999). 64-65, 5:H </div> </div> <div class="hiero"> <div class="ht"> Horus name variant </div> <img class="h-12 sm:h-16 my-2 sm:my-3 dark:invert max-w-full object-contain" loading="lazy" src="/svg/pharaoh/06-05-02.svg" alt="Horus name"> <div class="ha"> Netjeri khau nefer ka Ra </div> <div class="hb"> nṯr.i-ẖꜤw nfr-kꜢ-rꜤ </div> <div class="hc"> Divine of appearances, the perfect one of the ka of Ra </div> <div class="hd"> nTr-xa-w-ra-nfr-kA </div> <div class="he"> Lepsius, <i>Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien</i>, II, 116a </div> </div> </div></div></div> <div data-astro-cid-k5ramjar><h2 class="text-center pt-10 pb-0 text-4xl text-red dark:text-amber-200" data-astro-cid-k5ramjar>Nebty name</h2><img src="/svg/hiero/t_nebty.svg" loading="lazy" class="h-20 dark:invert mx-auto" alt="Two ladies hieroglyphs" data-astro-cid-k5ramjar><p class="w-1/2 font-sans mx-auto text-center text-stone-800 dark:text-shark-300 text-balance" data-astro-cid-k5ramjar> The “Two Ladies”, the <i data-astro-cid-k5ramjar>goddesses Nekhbet and Wadjet</i>, representing Upper and Lower Egypt respectively. </p><div class="kort" data-astro-cid-k5ramjar><div class="hieroglyphs"><div class="hiero"><div class="ht">Nebty name</div><img class="h-12 sm:h-16 my-2 sm:my-5 dark:invert max-w-full object-contain" loading="lazy" src="/svg/pharaoh/06-05-03.svg" alt=""><div class="ha">Netjeri khau</div><div class="hb">nṯr.i-ẖꜤw</div><div class="hc">The divine one of the appearances of the Two Ladies</div><div class="hd">nTr-xa-w</div><div class="he">Sethe, <i>Die Altaegyptischen Pyramidentexte nach den Papierabdrucken und Photographien des Berliner Museums</i>, I, 7<br>Lepsius, <i>Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien</i>, II, 116a<br>Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. <abbr title="Münchner Ägyptologischen Studien"><i>MÄS</i></abbr> <b>49</b> (1999). 64-65, 5:N<br></div></div></div></div></div> <div data-astro-cid-2vrnxq7t><h2 class="text-center pt-10 pb-0 text-4xl text-red dark:text-amber-200" data-astro-cid-2vrnxq7t>Golden Horus name</h2><img src="/svg/hiero/t_gold.svg" loading="lazy" class="h-20 dark:invert mx-auto" alt="Golden Horus name" data-astro-cid-2vrnxq7t><p class="w-1/2 font-sans mx-auto text-center text-stone-800 dark:text-shark-300 text-balance" data-astro-cid-2vrnxq7t> Horus perched on Gold, which was associated with eternity, but its meaning is disputed. </p><div class="kort" data-astro-cid-2vrnxq7t><div class="hieroglyphs"><div class="hiero"><div class="ht">Golden Horus name</div><img class="h-12 sm:h-16 my-2 sm:my-5 dark:invert max-w-full object-contain" loading="lazy" src="/svg/pharaoh/06-05-04.svg" alt=""><div class="ha">Bik nebu sekhem</div><div class="hb">bik-nbw-sẖm</div><div class="hc">The powerful golden falcon</div><div class="hd">sxm*G5:nbw</div><div class="he">Sethe, <i>Die Altaegyptischen Pyramidentexte nach den Papierabdrucken und Photographien des Berliner Museums</i>, I, 7<br>Lepsius, <i>Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien</i>, II, 116a<br>Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. <abbr title="Münchner Ägyptologischen Studien"><i>MÄS</i></abbr> <b>49</b> (1999). 64-65, 5:G<br></div></div></div></div></div> <div data-astro-cid-cnf246la><h2 class="text-center pt-10 pb-0 text-4xl text-red dark:text-amber-200" data-astro-cid-cnf246la>Throne names</h2><img src="/svg/hiero/t_nesut.svg" loading="lazy" class="h-20 dark:invert mx-auto" alt="Prenomen or throne name" data-astro-cid-cnf246la><p class="w-1/2 font-sans mx-auto text-center text-stone-800 dark:text-shark-300 text-balance" data-astro-cid-cnf246la> Announced at the coronation and always written in a cartouche. The “official” name of the pharaoh. Also known as the <i data-astro-cid-cnf246la>Prenomen</i>. </p><div class="kort" data-astro-cid-cnf246la><div class="hieroglyphs"><div class="hiero"><div class="ht">Throne name</div><img class="h-12 sm:h-16 my-2 sm:my-5 dark:invert max-w-full object-contain" loading="lazy" src="/svg/pharaoh/06-05-05.svg" alt=""><div class="ha">Nefer ka Ra*</div><div class="hb">nfr-kꜢ-rꜤ</div><div class="hc">The perfect one of the ka of Ra</div><div class="hd">ra-nfr-kA</div><div class="he">Abydos Canon no. 38<br>Saqqara Canon no. 23<br><br>Lepsius, <i>Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien</i>, II, 113g<br></div></div><div class="hiero"><div class="ht">Throne name variant</div><img class="h-12 sm:h-16 my-2 sm:my-5 dark:invert max-w-full object-contain" loading="lazy" src="/svg/pharaoh/06-05-10.svg" alt=""><div class="ha">Name missing</div><div class="hb"></div><div class="hc">–</div><div class="hd">–</div><div class="he">Turin King List 5.5<br>Gardiner, <i>The Royal Canon of Turin</i> (1959) IV:5<br></div></div></div></div></div> <div><h2 class="text-center pt-10 pb-0 text-4xl text-red dark:text-amber-200">Birth names</h2><img src="/svg/hiero/t_sara.svg" loading="lazy" class="h-20 dark:invert mx-auto" alt="Nomen or birth name"><p class="w-1/2 font-sans mx-auto text-center text-stone-800 dark:text-shark-300 text-balance"> Personal name given at birth. Also known as the <i>Nomen</i>. </p><div class="kort"><div class="hieroglyphs"><div class="hiero"><div class="ht">Birth name</div><img class="h-12 sm:h-16 my-2 sm:my-5 dark:invert max-w-full object-contain" loading="lazy" src="/svg/pharaoh/06-05-06.svg" alt=""><div class="ha">Pepi</div><div class="hb">pipi</div><div class="hc">Pepi</div><div class="hd">p:p-i-i</div><div class="he"><abbr title="From Latin: can be found in numerous places.">Passim</abbr><br>Sethe, <i>Die Altaegyptischen Pyramidentexte nach den Papierabdrucken und Photographien des Berliner Museums</i>, I<br></div></div><div class="hiero"><div class="ht">Birth name variant</div><img class="h-12 sm:h-16 my-2 sm:my-5 dark:invert max-w-full object-contain" loading="lazy" src="/svg/pharaoh/06-05-07.svg" alt=""><div class="ha">Pepi</div><div class="hb">zꜢ-rꜤ-pipi</div><div class="hc">Son of Ra, Pepi</div><div class="hd">zA&ra-p:p-i-i</div><div class="he"><i>Urkunden des Ägyptische Alterthums</i> , I, 114<br>Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. <abbr title="Münchner Ägyptologischen Studien"><i>MÄS</i></abbr> <b>49</b> (1999). 64-65, 5:E2<br></div></div><div class="hiero"><div class="ht">Birth name variant</div><img class="h-12 sm:h-16 my-2 sm:my-5 dark:invert max-w-full object-contain" loading="lazy" src="/svg/pharaoh/06-05-09.svg" alt=""><div class="ha">Pepi</div><div class="hb">pipi</div><div class="hc">–</div><div class="hd">p-p-i-i</div><div class="he">Uncertain reading but Prisse show p-i, with traces of what could be another p-i.<br>Prisse d'Avennes, <i>Monuments Égyptiens...</i>, Plate I<br></div></div></div></div></div> <div data-astro-cid-jdgernd5><h2 class="text-center pt-10 pb-0 text-4xl text-red dark:text-amber-200" data-astro-cid-jdgernd5>Throne + Birth name</h2><p class="w-1/2 font-sans mx-auto text-center text-stone-800 dark:text-shark-300" data-astro-cid-jdgernd5> Combination of Throne- and Birth-name cartouches <br data-astro-cid-jdgernd5> probably only used for a special occasion. </p><div class="kort" data-astro-cid-jdgernd5><div class="hieroglyphs"><div class="hiero"><div class="ht">Throne + Birth name</div><img class="h-12 sm:h-16 m-2 sm:m-5 dark:invert" loading="lazy" src="/svg/pharaoh/06-05-08.svg" alt=""><div class="text-stone-800 dark:text-shark-200 ml-3 mt-2 mb-0 text-lg">Pepi nefer ka Ra</div><div class="ml-3 mt-2 mb-1 font-gserif tlit text-base">pipi nfr-kꜢ-rꜤ</div><div class="text-stone-800 dark:text-shark-300 ml-3 mt-2 mb-1 font-sans text-base">Pepi, perfect is the soul of Ra</div><div class="text-stone-600 dark:text-shark-300 ml-3 py-3 my-0 font-mono text-base">p:p-i-i-ra-nfr-kA</div><div class="pt-1 pb-2 pl-3 font-sans text-sm border-t text-stone-500 dark:text-shark-400 first:dark:border-shark-800 dark:border-shark-600">Petrie, <i>Koptos</i>, plate V (7)<br></div></div></div></div></div> <h2 class="pt-10 text-center">The sources of antiquity</h2> <p class="text-base text-center pb-5">From the writings of the historians and scholars of antiquity</p> <table class="w-full"> <tr class="text-left border-b border-stone-800 dark:border-shark-500"><th>Author</th><th>Greek</th><th>Transcription</th><th>Reign</th></tr> <tr class="border-b border-stone-300 dark:border-shark-700"> <td class="py-2">Africanus <sub class="dark:text-amber-50 text-sm">vi, 4</sub></td> <td class="gr">Φιωψ</td>  <td>Phiops</td> <td>94 years</td> </tr><tr class="border-b border-stone-300 dark:border-shark-700"> <td class="py-2">Eusebius <sub class="dark:text-amber-50 text-sm">v, 4</sub></td> <td class="gr">Φιωψ</td>  <td>Phiops</td> <td>94 years</td> </tr><tr class="border-b border-stone-300 dark:border-shark-700"> <td class="py-2">Eratosthenes <sub class="dark:text-amber-50 text-sm">20</sub></td> <td class="gr">Aπαππους</td>  <td>Apappus</td> <td>100</td> </tr> </table> <h2 class="pt-10 text-center">Bibliography</h2> <ul id="biblio" class="py-2 font-sans text-base mt-5 border-t-2 border-stone-400 dark:border-shark-700 text-stone-800 dark:text-shark-300"><li><b>Gauthier, H.</b> Le livre des rois d'Égypte. <i>MIFAO</i> 17 (1907): 169–176</li><li><b> Beckerath, J.</b>, 1999. “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, Second edition, <abbr title="Münchner Ägyptologischen Studien"><i>MÄS</i></abbr> <b>49</b>: 64–65</li><li><b>Leprohon, R. J.</b>, 2013. <i>The Great Name: Ancient Egyptian Royal Titulary</i>. Atlanta: 43</li><li><b>Baker. D. D.</b>, 2008. <i>The Encyclopedia of the Pharaohs: Volume I</i>. London: 295–297</li></ul> <div class="mx-auto font-sans font-semibold px-7 py-3 my-16 text-stone-800 dark:text-shark-300 border w-fit text-center bg-white dark:bg-shark-900 dark:border-shark-600 rounded-xl"> <b>PLEASE NOTE</b><br> There <i>might</i> be errors on this page.<br> Make sure you use the <span class="text-red dark:text-shark-400">correct source!</span> <br><small class="text-stone-800/50 dark:text-shark-300/50">Yes, you would be surprised...</small> </div> </div> </section> <div class="py-10 my-5 print:hidden" aria-hidden="true"> <img src="/svg/thoth.svg" loading="lazy" class="mx-auto h-28 opacity-50 transition duration-300 hover:opacity-100" alt="Thoth" title="You have reached the end of the page. This is Thoth, the wise God of writing and hieroglyphs." srcset=""> <p class="text-center uppercase font-sans text-xs pt-3"> <abbr class="text-stone-400 dark:text-shark-700 no-underline" title="Latin for: Nothing comes from nothing">Ex nihilo nihil fit</abbr> </p> </div> <div class="hidden print:block print:py-20 text-center"> <h3>Original text from:</h3><a href="https://pharaoh.se{currentPath}" class="font-mono text-sm text-black"><img src="/svg/pharaohse.svg" alt="Pharaoh.SE" class="w-60 mx-auto block">https://pharaoh.se/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Pepi-II/</a> </div> </article> <aside class="hidden lg:grid lg:col-span-3 print:hidden border-s border-stone-300 dark:border-shark-900 dark:bg-darky" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f> <div class="flex h-full px-5 overflow-y-auto sm:w-64 w-80 font-sans" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f> <nav class="-mx-3 space-y-8 pb-36" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f> <div class="space-y-1" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f> <label for="pharaohs" class="px-3 text-base font-bold text-stone-800 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