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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Childhood" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Childhood"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Childhood</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Childhood-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-First_pilgrimage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_pilgrimage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>First pilgrimage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_pilgrimage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reception_of_the_Brahmasambandha_mantra_and_installation_of_Śrī_Nāthajī" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reception_of_the_Brahmasambandha_mantra_and_installation_of_Śrī_Nāthajī"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Reception of the Brahmasambandha mantra and installation of Śrī Nāthajī</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reception_of_the_Brahmasambandha_mantra_and_installation_of_Śrī_Nāthajī-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Personal life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Grand_victory_at_Vijayanagara" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Grand_victory_at_Vijayanagara"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>Grand victory at Vijayanagara</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Grand_victory_at_Vijayanagara-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pilgrimages_and_preaching_tours_of_India" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pilgrimages_and_preaching_tours_of_India"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8</span> <span>Pilgrimages and preaching tours of India</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pilgrimages_and_preaching_tours_of_India-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.9</span> <span>Death</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literary_works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literary_works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Literary works</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literary_works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Philosophy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Philosophy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Philosophy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Philosophy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Philosophy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Philosophy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Brahman" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Brahman"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Brahman</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Brahman-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Puṣṭi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Puṣṭi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Puṣṭi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Puṣṭi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jagat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jagat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Jagat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jagat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Postage_stamp" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Postage_stamp"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Postage stamp</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Postage_stamp-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sources_2-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Sources subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Sources_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-English" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#English"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>English</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-English-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gujarati" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gujarati"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Gujarati</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gujarati-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Vallabha</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 24 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-24" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">24 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%A7" title="فالابها – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فالابها" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF" title="বল্লভাচার্য – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বল্লভাচার্য" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C%D1%8F" title="Шри Валлабхачарья – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Шри Валлабхачарья" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vallabha" title="Vallabha – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Vallabha" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vallabha" title="Vallabha – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Vallabha" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vallabha" title="Vallabha – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Vallabha" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vallabha" title="Vallabha – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Vallabha" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%B2%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B2%E0%AA%AD%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%9A%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%AF" title="વલ્લભાચાર્ય – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="વલ્લભાચાર્ય" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%A2%D5%B0%D5%A1" title="Վալլաբհա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Վալլաբհա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" title="वल्लभाचार्य – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="वल्लभाचार्य" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wallabha" title="Wallabha – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Wallabha" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vallabha" title="Vallabha – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Vallabha" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%AD%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%9A%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF" title="ವಲ್ಲಭಾಚಾರ್ಯ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ವಲ್ಲಭಾಚಾರ್ಯ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BC" title="വല്ലഭാചാര്യർ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വല്ലഭാചാര്യർ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="فالابهاكاريا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فالابهاكاريا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wallabha" title="Wallabha – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wallabha" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%85%D0%B0" title="Валлабха – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Валлабха" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%83" title="वल्लभाचार्यः – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="वल्लभाचार्यः" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vallabha" title="Vallabha – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Vallabha" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vallabha" title="Vallabha – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Vallabha" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="வல்லபாச்சாரியார் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வல்லபாச்சாரியார்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%85%D0%B0" title="Валлабха – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Валлабха" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B6%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%80_%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A6_%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%AD%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%9A%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%81" title="శ్రీ పాద వల్లభాచార్యుడు – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="శ్రీ పాద వల్లభాచార్యుడు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Валлабга – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Валлабга" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Hindu philosopher</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;background:orange; color: #000000;"><div class="fn">Vallabha</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Shri_mahaprabhuji.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Shri_mahaprabhuji.jpg/220px-Shri_mahaprabhuji.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="318" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Shri_mahaprabhuji.jpg/330px-Shri_mahaprabhuji.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/02/Shri_mahaprabhuji.jpg 2x" data-file-width="380" data-file-height="550" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:orange; color: #000000;">Personal</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">May 7, 1478<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">July 7, 1530<span style="display:none">(1530-07-07)</span> (aged 52)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Banaras" class="mw-redirect" title="Banaras">Vārāṇasī</a> (now in <a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh">Uttar Pradesh</a>, India)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vaishnavism" title="Vaishnavism">Vaishnavism</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;">Mahālakṣmī</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1502)<wbr /></div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>Gopīnātha</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gusainji" class="mw-redirect" title="Gusainji">Viṭṭhalanātha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parents</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Lakṣmaṇa Bhaṭṭa (father)</li><li>Illammāgārū (mother)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:orange; color: #000000;">Organization</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Order</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Vedanta" title="Vedanta">Vedanta</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founder of</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pushtimarg" class="mw-redirect" title="Pushtimarg">Puṣṭimārga</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Philosophy</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Shuddhadvaita" title="Shuddhadvaita">Śuddhādvaita</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Vallabha</b>, or <b>Vallabhacharya</b> (<a href="/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari">Devanagari</a>: वल्लभाचार्य, <a href="/wiki/IAST" class="mw-redirect" title="IAST">IAST</a>: Vallabhācārya, May 7, 1478 – July 7, 1530 CE), was an Indian saint and philosopher. He founded the <a href="/wiki/Krishna" title="Krishna">Kr̥ṣṇa</a>-centered <a href="/wiki/Pushtimarg" class="mw-redirect" title="Pushtimarg">Puṣṭimārga</a> sect of <a href="/wiki/Vaishnavism" title="Vaishnavism">Vaishnavism</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Braj" title="Braj">Braj (Vraja)</a> region of India, and propounded the philosophy of <a href="/wiki/Shuddhadvaita" title="Shuddhadvaita">Śuddhādvaita</a>. </p><p>Vallabha studied Hindu philosophy from early age, then traveled throughout the <a href="/wiki/Indian_subcontinent" title="Indian subcontinent">Indian subcontinent</a> for over 20 years. He became one of the important leaders of the devotional <a href="/wiki/Bhakti_movement" title="Bhakti movement">Bhakti movement</a>. He won many philosophical scholarly debates against the followers of <a href="/wiki/Advaita_Vedanta" title="Advaita Vedanta">Advaita Vedānta</a>. He began the institutional worship of <a href="/wiki/Shrinathji" title="Shrinathji">Śrī Nāthajī</a> on Govardhana Hill, and became the <a href="/wiki/Acharya" title="Acharya">ācārya</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Rudra_Sampradaya" title="Rudra Sampradaya">Viṣṇusvāmi school</a>. He acquired many followers in the Gangetic plain and Gujarat. After his death, the leadership of his sampradāya passed to his elder son Gopīnātha. </p><p>Vallabha rejected <a href="/wiki/Asceticism" title="Asceticism">asceticism</a> and monastic life, suggesting that through loving devotion to the deity Krishna, any householder could achieve salvation. He authored many texts including but not limited to, the <i>Aṇubhāṣya</i> (his commentary on the <i><a href="/wiki/Brahma_Sutras" title="Brahma Sutras">Brahma Sutras</a></i>), <i><a href="/wiki/Shodash_Granth" class="mw-redirect" title="Shodash Granth">Ṣoḍaśa Grantha</a></i> or sixteen tracts and several commentaries on the <i><a href="/wiki/Bhagavata_Purana" title="Bhagavata Purana">Bhāgavata Purāṇa</a>.</i> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life">Life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vallabha&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vallabha&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Events from Vallabha's life are recounted in several sectarian Puṣṭimārga texts. Among the <a href="/wiki/Braj_Bhasha" title="Braj Bhasha">Braj Bhasha</a> sources include the <i>Caurāsī Vaiṣṇavan kī Vārtā</i>, <i>Śrī Nāthajī Prākaṭya kī Vārtā</i>, and <i>Caurāsī Baiṭhak Caritra</i>. According to Barz the most important <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a> source is the <i>Śrīvallabhadigvijaya</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarz2018_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarz2018-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to Saha, the <i>Caurāsī Baiṭhak Caritra</i> dates to the mid-18th century.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESaha2004107_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESaha2004107-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, Ṭaṁḍana, Bachrach, and several Puṣṭimārga leaders state it was only composed in 19th century. Ṭaṁḍana also considers the <i>Gharu Vārtā</i>, <i>Nija Vārtā</i>, and <i>Śrī Ācāryajī kī Prākaṭya Vārtā</i> to be 19th century texts which were based on the older <i>Caurāsī Vaiṣṇavana kī Vārtā</i> and <i>Do Sau Bāvana Vaiṣṇavana kī Vārtā</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBachrach201459,_64–65_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBachrach201459,_64–65-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <i>Śrī Nāthajī kī Prākaṭya Vārtā</i> in its current form was likely written in the 1860s, although its contents were orally known prior to the 19th century. The <i>Vallabha Digvijaya</i> or <i>Yadunātha Digvijaya</i> claims to have be composed in 1610, however modern scholars state the text was composed around the turn of the 20th century.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEŚāstrī19778–9_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEŚāstrī19778–9-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other Sanskrit texts include Gadādhara Dviveda's <i>Sampradāya-Pradīpa</i> (colophon states A.D. 1552–53, but according to Hawley, actually from the latter half of the 1600s),<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Muralīdharadāsa's <i>Śrīvallabhācāryacarita</i> (c. 1573), <i>Prabhucaritaciṁtāmaṇi</i> (attributed to Devakīnaṁdana, which is baseless according to Bhatt),<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBhatt1940596_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBhatt1940596-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the Gujarati poem <i>Vallabhākhyāna</i> by Gopāladāsa (c. 1580). Another Braj Bhasha work, <i>Saṁpradāyakalpadruma</i>, which is claimed to be composed by Viṭṭhalanātha Bhaṭṭa (a grandson of <a href="/wiki/Vitthalanatha" title="Vitthalanatha">Viṭṭhalanātha's</a> second daughter Yamunā)<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> cannot be stated to be of old origin according to Śāstrī. Other texts by Gokulanātha's followers include Kalyāṇa Bhaṭṭa's <i>Kallola</i>, Keśavadāsa's Gujarati <i>Vallabhavela</i>, and Gopāladāsa Vyārāvāḷā's Gujarati <i>Prākaṭya-Siddhāṁta</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEŚāstrī19778–9_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEŚāstrī19778–9-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The life of Vallabha as depicted in traditional sources contains many miracles and supernatural events, as Vallabha is considered by followers of the Puṣṭimārga to be a divine incarnation who was born for a supernatural purpose. Barz (1992) gives biographical account of Vallabha which includes these traditional elements. His biography has been criticized by Vaudeville for relying solely on English and Hindi Vallabhite sources and lack of critical analysis of them typical of a Western Indologist.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarz199221_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarz199221-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Śāstrī also notes the presence of miracles in Vallabha's biographies. However, he states that since the followers of <a href="/wiki/Gokulanatha" title="Gokulanatha">Gokulanātha</a> consider him to be God in human form with Vallabha and Viṭṭhalanātha being revered <i>ācārya</i>s, the texts by Gokulanātha's followers contain no mention of miracles in relation to Vallabha and Viṭṭhalanātha making them valuable sources. No single text contains a full biography of Vallabha, and different sources contain inconsistent and contradictory information, likely due to internal fragmentation of the religious community from the 17th to 19th centuries.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBachrach201460–61_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBachrach201460–61-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEŚāstrī19779–10_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEŚāstrī19779–10-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Childhood">Childhood</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vallabha&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Childhood"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Prakatya_baithakji_mandir.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Prakatya_baithakji_mandir.JPG/220px-Prakatya_baithakji_mandir.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Prakatya_baithakji_mandir.JPG/330px-Prakatya_baithakji_mandir.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Prakatya_baithakji_mandir.JPG/440px-Prakatya_baithakji_mandir.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>Site worshipped as the birthplace of Vallabha in Campāraṇya, identified in the late 19th century.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarz199224_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarz199224-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>According to tradition, Vallabha's family were Velanāṭa or Vellanāḍu <a href="/wiki/Telugu_Brahmin" title="Telugu Brahmin">Telugu Brahmins</a> who belonged to the <a href="/wiki/Bharadvaja" title="Bharadvaja">Bhāradvāja gotra</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Taittiriya_Shakha" title="Taittiriya Shakha"><i>Taittirīya</i></a> branch of the <i><a href="/wiki/Yajurveda" title="Yajurveda">Yajurveda</a></i>. Their ancestral village was Kāṅkaravāḍa on the southern bank of the <a href="/wiki/Godavari_River" title="Godavari River">Godāvarī River</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarz199223_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarz199223-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Keśvararāma Kāśīrāma Śāstrī identifies the village of Kāṁkara (<a href="/wiki/Kanker,_Chhattisgarh" title="Kanker, Chhattisgarh">Kanker, Chhattisgarh</a>) with Kāṁkarapāṁḍhu or Kāṁkaravāḍa.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEŚāstrī197743_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEŚāstrī197743-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to some sources such as the <i>Śrīvallabhadigvijaya</i>, Vallabha's birth occurred in the forests of Campāraṇya, due to his parents fleeing Vārāṇasī in fear of Muslim invasion. These sources depict his birth as miraculous, with his parents initially leaving the seemingly still-born infant beneath a <i><a href="/wiki/Prosopis_cineraria" title="Prosopis cineraria">śamī</a></i> tree, before being recalled by a supernatural voice to see Vallabha alive and surrounded by fire. According to other hagiographies such as <i>Śrī Nāthajī Prākaṭya kī Vārtā</i>, Vallabha appeared in the Agnikuṇḍ ("Pool of Fire") in <a href="/wiki/Mathura" title="Mathura">Mathurā</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarz2018_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarz2018-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarz199223–25_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarz199223–25-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHawley2015187,_364_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHawley2015187,_364-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Most hagiographies date Vallabha's birth to Vaiśākha vada 11, 1535 <a href="/wiki/Vikram_Samvat" title="Vikram Samvat">V.S.</a> (May 7, 1478 CE). Though conversion of this date into the Gregorian calendar is disputed among scholars (with some putting Vallabha's birth in 1478 and some in 1479), Hawley confirms the year 1478 after adjusting for the calendar used in Braj.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarz2018_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarz2018-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarz199223–25_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarz199223–25-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHawley2015187,_364_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHawley2015187,_364-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The followers of Vallabha's grandson <a href="/wiki/Gokulanatha" title="Gokulanatha">Gokulanātha</a> consider Vallabha's year of birth to be 1473 CE. G.H. Bhatt, on comparing the two dates, states that the year 1473 CE is correct. In his view, the sources mentioning 1473 CE are older and more authentic than those mentioning 1478 CE.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Education">Education</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vallabha&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Soon after Vallabha's birth his family moved back to Vārāṇasī. His education commenced at the age of eight, and by the age of eleven had mastered several Sanskrit Hindu texts, with the <i><a href="/wiki/Bhagavata_Purana" title="Bhagavata Purana">Bhāgavata Purāṇa</a></i> being his favorite.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarz2018_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarz2018-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_pilgrimage">First pilgrimage</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vallabha&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: First pilgrimage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nearing the end of his life, Lakṣmaṇa Bhaṭṭa decided to take his wife and 10-year-old son along on a pilgrimage to southern India. They first stopped at the Vaishnava <a href="/wiki/Jagannath_Temple,_Puri" title="Jagannath Temple, Puri">temple</a> of <a href="/wiki/Jagannath" title="Jagannath">Jagannātha</a> in <a href="/wiki/Puri" title="Puri">Purī</a> in 1489. The local ruler was sponsoring a great philosophical debate where four questions were posed to scholars: "What is the foremost scripture? Who is the foremost deity? Which is the most effective <i>mantra</i>? What is the easiest and best action?", to which Vallabha responded with the <i><a href="/wiki/Bhagavad_Gita" title="Bhagavad Gita">Bhagavad Gītā</a></i>, Kr̥ṣṇa, any of Kr̥ṣṇa's names, and <a href="/wiki/Sev%C4%81" title="Sevā">sevā</a> (service) to Kr̥ṣṇa, whereupon Jagannātha wrote a <a href="/wiki/Shloka" title="Shloka">śloka</a> in support of his response and condemning the supporters of <a href="/wiki/Advaita_Vedanta" title="Advaita Vedanta">Advaita Vedānta</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarz199226–27_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarz199226–27-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1490, they reached the <a href="/wiki/Venkateswara_Temple,_Tirumala" title="Venkateswara Temple, Tirumala">temple</a> of <a href="/wiki/Venkateswara" title="Venkateswara">Veṅkaṭeśvara</a> at <a href="/wiki/Tirupati" title="Tirupati">Tirupati</a>, where Lakṣmaṇa Bhaṭṭa died, and Illammāgārū began to live with her brother in <a href="/wiki/Vijayanagara" title="Vijayanagara">Vijayanagara</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarz199227_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarz199227-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reception_of_the_Brahmasambandha_mantra_and_installation_of_Śrī_Nāthajī"><span id="Reception_of_the_Brahmasambandha_mantra_and_installation_of_.C5.9Ar.C4.AB_N.C4.81thaj.C4.AB"></span>Reception of the Brahmasambandha mantra and installation of Śrī Nāthajī</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vallabha&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Reception of the Brahmasambandha mantra and installation of Śrī Nāthajī"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Varta_of_Damodardas_Harsani_painting_(closeup).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Varta_of_Damodardas_Harsani_painting_%28closeup%29.jpg/220px-Varta_of_Damodardas_Harsani_painting_%28closeup%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Varta_of_Damodardas_Harsani_painting_%28closeup%29.jpg/330px-Varta_of_Damodardas_Harsani_painting_%28closeup%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Varta_of_Damodardas_Harsani_painting_%28closeup%29.jpg/440px-Varta_of_Damodardas_Harsani_painting_%28closeup%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1423" data-file-height="968" /></a><figcaption>Vallabha giving Kr̥ṣṇa a sacred thread after receiving the Brahmasambandha mantra. Dāmodaradāsa Harasānī on the right.</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1493, Vallabha is said to have had a dream where Kr̥ṣṇa ordered him to go to <a href="/wiki/Govardhan_Hill" title="Govardhan Hill">Govardhana Hill</a> and establish proper service (sevā) to his image (<i>svarūpa</i>) which had appeared there years ago. When he arrived in Gokula in 1494, Vallabha had a vision where Kr̥ṣṇa appeared before him and bestowed upon him the <i>Brahmasambandha <a href="/wiki/Mantra" title="Mantra">mantra</a></i>, which was to be used to clean the flaws of a human soul. The next morning, Vallabha administered the mantra to his companion Dāmodaradāsa Harasānī, who became the first member of the <a href="/wiki/Pushtimarg" class="mw-redirect" title="Pushtimarg">Puṣṭimārga</a> (Vallabha Sampradaya).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarz2018_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarz2018-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarz199217–20,_28–29_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarz199217–20,_28–29-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most sources state these events occurred in Gokula, except the <i>Śrī Nāthajī Prākaṭya kī Vārtā</i> which states it happened in <a href="/wiki/Jharkhand" title="Jharkhand">Jharkhand</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEntwistle198731_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEntwistle198731-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shrinathji_discovered.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Shrinathji_discovered.jpg/220px-Shrinathji_discovered.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Shrinathji_discovered.jpg/330px-Shrinathji_discovered.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Shrinathji_discovered.jpg/440px-Shrinathji_discovered.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3969" data-file-height="2898" /></a><figcaption>Vallabha finds Shrinathji at Govardhan Hill.</figcaption></figure> <p>When Vallabha came to Govardhana Hill, he went to the house of Saḍḍu Pāṇḍe. Saḍḍu Pāṇḍe had received a vision from Kr̥ṣṇa years earlier that told him a stone that had appeared on Govardhana Hill was his own svarūpa and that he should give offerings to it. The image was known as Devadamana; Vallabha announced that it was actually the svarupa of Śrī Govardhananāthajī (shortened to <a href="/wiki/Shrinathji" title="Shrinathji">Śrī Nāthajī</a>) and initiated an ascetic named Rāmdās Chauhān to perform the regular worship.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarz2018_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarz2018-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarz199228–29_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarz199228–29-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1499 a wealthy merchant from <a href="/wiki/Ambala" title="Ambala">Ambālā</a> named Pūrṇamalla Khatrī began building a temple for Srī Nāthajī.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarz2018_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarz2018-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarz199228–29_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarz199228–29-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vallabha&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Vallabha may have intended to remain a lifelong celibate <a href="/wiki/Brahmacharya" title="Brahmacharya">brahmacārī</a>, but during his second pilgrimage of India between 1501 and 1503, he had gone to <a href="/wiki/Pandharpur" title="Pandharpur">Paṁḍḥarapura</a> to view the god <a href="/wiki/Vithoba" title="Vithoba">Viṭṭhala</a> or Viṭhobā (a form of Kr̥ṣṇa). There Vallabha was ordered by Viṭṭhala to marry. Some sectarian sources assert this was because Viṭṭhala wanted to take birth as his son, and others say it was to create a line of descendants to preserve and promote Vallabha's version of <a href="/wiki/Bhakti_yoga" title="Bhakti yoga">bhakti-mārga</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarz2018_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarz2018-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarz199229_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarz199229-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Obeying this, following his caste traditions and practices, Vallabha married Mahālakṣmī (aka Akkājī)<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> sometime between 1502 and 1504, a Vārāṇasī girl of his own caste who began living with him upon maturity c. 1510–1512.<sup id="cite_ref-Bryant2007_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bryant2007-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarz199238_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarz199238-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vallabha had two houses, one at Aṛaila on the <a href="/wiki/Yamuna_river" class="mw-redirect" title="Yamuna river">Yamunā river</a> across <a href="/wiki/Prayagraj" title="Prayagraj">Prayāgarāja</a>, and at Caranāṭa near Vārāṇasī. According to Saha, the location of his home provided a central location which allowed him to access to preach and convert throughout northern and central India.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESaha2004111–112_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESaha2004111–112-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarz199252_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarz199252-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>His first son, Gopīnātha, was born in 1512 at Aṛaila and according to sectarian tradition was the <a href="/wiki/Avatar" title="Avatar">avatāra</a> of <a href="/wiki/Balarama" title="Balarama">Balarāma</a>, elder brother of Kr̥ṣṇa. His second son, <a href="/wiki/Vitthalanatha" title="Vitthalanatha">Viṭṭhalanātha</a>, was born in 1515 at Caranāṭa, and is considered the avatar of Viṭṭhala.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarz2018_2-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarz2018-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarz199238_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarz199238-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Grand_victory_at_Vijayanagara">Grand victory at Vijayanagara</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vallabha&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Grand victory at Vijayanagara"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Vaishnavism" title="Category:Vaishnavism">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background-color: #c9d5f2; border-color: #001A57"><a href="/wiki/Vaishnavism" title="Vaishnavism"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#001A57">Vaishnavism</span></a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Git_govind_large.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Closeup of Vishnu, seated in the lotus position on a lotus. From depiction of the poet Jayadeva bowing to Vishnu, Gouache on paper Pahari, The very picture of devotion, bare-bodied, head bowed, legs crossed and hands folded, Jayadeva stands at left, with the implements of worship placed before the lotus-seat of Vishnu who sits there, blessing the poet."><img alt="Closeup of Vishnu, seated in the lotus position on a lotus. From depiction of the poet Jayadeva bowing to Vishnu, Gouache on paper Pahari, The very picture of devotion, bare-bodied, head bowed, legs crossed and hands folded, Jayadeva stands at left, with the implements of worship placed before the lotus-seat of Vishnu who sits there, blessing the poet." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Git_govind_large.jpg/220px-Git_govind_large.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Git_govind_large.jpg/330px-Git_govind_large.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Git_govind_large.jpg/440px-Git_govind_large.jpg 2x" data-file-width="604" data-file-height="386" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-bottom:0; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#001A57">Supreme deity</span></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Vishnu" title="Vishnu">Vishnu</a> / <a href="/wiki/Krishna" title="Krishna">Krishna</a> / <a href="/wiki/Rama" title="Rama">Rama</a></dt></dl></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-bottom:0; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#001A57">Important deities</span></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Dashavatara" title="Dashavatara">Dashavatara</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matsya" title="Matsya">Matsya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurma" title="Kurma">Kurma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varaha" title="Varaha">Varaha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narasimha" title="Narasimha">Narasimha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vamana" title="Vamana">Vamana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parasurama" class="mw-redirect" title="Parasurama">Parasurama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rama" title="Rama">Rama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balarama" title="Balarama">Balarama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishna" title="Krishna">Krishna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gautama_Buddha_in_Hinduism" class="mw-redirect" title="Gautama Buddha in Hinduism">Buddha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalki" title="Kalki">Kalki</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Other forms</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dhanvantari" title="Dhanvantari">Dhanvantari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guruvayurappan" title="Guruvayurappan">Guruvayurappan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayagriva" title="Hayagriva">Hayagriva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagannath" title="Jagannath">Jagannath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohini" title="Mohini">Mohini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nara-Narayana" title="Nara-Narayana">Nara-Narayana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prithu" title="Prithu">Prithu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrinathji" title="Shrinathji">Shrinathji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venkateshvara" class="mw-redirect" title="Venkateshvara">Venkateshvara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vithoba" title="Vithoba">Vithoba</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Shakti" title="Shakti">Consorts</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lakshmi" title="Lakshmi">Lakshmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhumi_(goddess)" title="Bhumi (goddess)">Bhumi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sita" title="Sita">Sita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radha" title="Radha">Radha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rukmini" title="Rukmini">Rukmini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alamelu" class="mw-redirect" title="Alamelu">Alamelu</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Related</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Garuda" title="Garuda">Garuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanuman" title="Hanuman">Hanuman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shesha" title="Shesha">Shesha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shasta_(deity)" title="Shasta (deity)">Shasta</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-bottom:0; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Hindu_scriptures" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu scriptures"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#001A57">Holy scriptures</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vedas" title="Vedas">Vedas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upanishads" title="Upanishads">Upanishads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaikhanasa" title="Vaikhanasa">Vaikhanasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pancharatra" title="Pancharatra">Pancharatra</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bhagavad_Gita" title="Bhagavad Gita">Bhagavad Gita</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mahabharata" title="Mahabharata">Mahabharata</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana">Ramayana</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harivamsa" class="mw-redirect" title="Harivamsa">Harivamsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divya_Prabandha" class="mw-redirect" title="Divya Prabandha">Divya Prabandha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gita_Govinda" title="Gita Govinda">Gita Govinda</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Puranas" title="Puranas">Puranas</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vishnu_Purana" title="Vishnu Purana">Vishnu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhagavata_Purana" title="Bhagavata Purana">Bhagavata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naradiya_Purana" title="Naradiya Purana">Naradiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garuda_Purana" title="Garuda Purana">Garuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padma_Purana" title="Padma Purana">Padma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agni_Purana" title="Agni Purana">Agni</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-bottom:0; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#001A57">Sampradayas</span></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Sampradaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Sri Sampradaya">Sri</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vishishtadvaita" title="Vishishtadvaita">Vishishtadvaita</a>, <a href="/wiki/Akshar_Purushottam_Darshan" title="Akshar Purushottam Darshan">Akshar Purushottam Darshan</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudra_Sampradaya" title="Rudra Sampradaya">Rudra</a> (<a href="/wiki/Shuddhadvaita" title="Shuddhadvaita">Śuddhādvaita</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kum%C4%81ra_Sampradaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Kumāra Sampradaya">Kumara</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dvaitadvaita" class="mw-redirect" title="Dvaitadvaita">Dvaitadvaita</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahma_Sampradaya" title="Brahma Sampradaya">Brahma</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tattvavada" class="mw-redirect" title="Tattvavada">Tattvavada</a> or (<a href="/wiki/Dvaita" class="mw-redirect" title="Dvaita">Dvaita</a>)), <a href="/wiki/Achintya_Bheda_Abheda" title="Achintya Bheda Abheda">Acintyabhedabheda</a>)</li></ul> <dl><dd><b>Others</b></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ekasarana_Dharma" title="Ekasarana Dharma">Ekasarana Dharma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahanubhava" title="Mahanubhava">Mahanubhava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pranami_Sampraday" class="mw-redirect" title="Pranami Sampraday">Pranami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radha_Vallabh_Sampradaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Radha Vallabh Sampradaya">Radha Vallabha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramsnehi" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramsnehi">Ramsnehi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sant_Mat" title="Sant Mat">Sant Mat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaishnava-Sahajiya" class="mw-redirect" title="Vaishnava-Sahajiya">Vaishnava-Sahajiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warkari" title="Warkari">Warkari</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-bottom:0; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Acharya" title="Acharya"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#001A57">Teachers—acharyas</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chaitanya_Mahaprabhu" title="Chaitanya Mahaprabhu">Chaitanya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chakradhar_Swami" title="Chakradhar Swami">Chakradhara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dadu_Dayal" title="Dadu Dayal">Dadu Dayal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hith_Harivansh_Mahaprabhu" title="Hith Harivansh Mahaprabhu">Harivansh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jayatirtha" title="Jayatirtha">Jayatirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiva_Goswami" title="Jiva Goswami">Jiva Goswami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dnyaneshwar" title="Dnyaneshwar">Jñāneśvara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabir" title="Kabir">Kabir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhavdev" title="Madhavdev">Madhavdev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhvacharya" title="Madhvacharya">Madhvacharya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manavala_Mamunigal" title="Manavala Mamunigal">Manavala Mamunigal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namdev" title="Namdev">Namadeva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nammalvar" title="Nammalvar">Nammalvar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathamuni" title="Nathamuni">Nathamuni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimbarka" class="mw-redirect" title="Nimbarka">Nimbarka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srinivasacharya" title="Srinivasacharya">Srinivasacharya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padmanabha_Tirtha" title="Padmanabha Tirtha">Padmanabha Tirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pillai_Lokacharya" title="Pillai Lokacharya">Pillai Lokacharya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purandara_Dasa" title="Purandara Dasa">Purandara Dasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raghuttama_Tirtha" title="Raghuttama Tirtha">Raghuttama Tirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raghavendra_Tirtha" title="Raghavendra Tirtha">Raghavendra Tirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Charan_(guru)" title="Ram Charan (guru)">Ram Charan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramananda" title="Ramananda">Ramananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramanuja" title="Ramanuja">Ramanuja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravidas" title="Ravidas">Ravidas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyanatha_Tirtha" title="Satyanatha Tirtha">Satyanatha Tirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyabhinava_Tirtha" title="Satyabhinava Tirtha">Satyabhinava Tirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyabodha_Tirtha" title="Satyabodha Tirtha">Satyabodha Tirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyadharma_Tirtha" title="Satyadharma Tirtha">Satyadharma Tirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyadhyana_Tirtha" title="Satyadhyana Tirtha">Satyadhyana Tirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samarth_Ramdas" title="Samarth Ramdas">Samarth Ramdas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sankardev" title="Sankardev">Sankardev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swaminarayan" title="Swaminarayan">Swaminarayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sripadaraja" title="Sripadaraja">Sripadaraja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tukaram" title="Tukaram">Tukaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulsidas" title="Tulsidas">Tulsidas</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Vallabha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vedanta_Desika" title="Vedanta Desika">Vedanta Desika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vidyapati" title="Vidyapati">Vidyapati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishnuswami" title="Vishnuswami">Vishnuswami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitthalanatha" title="Vitthalanatha">Viṭṭhalanātha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vyasatirtha" title="Vyasatirtha">Vyasatirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vadiraja_Tirtha" title="Vadiraja Tirtha">Vadiraja Tirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamunacharya" title="Yamunacharya">Yamunacharya</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-bottom:0; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#001A57">Related traditions</span></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhagavatism" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhagavatism">Bhagavatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaikhanasas" class="mw-redirect" title="Vaikhanasas">Vaikhanasas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pancharatra" title="Pancharatra">Pancharatra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Vaishnavism#Tenkalai_("southern")_-_Manavala_Mamunigal" title="Sri Vaishnavism">Tenkalai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Vaishnavism#Vadakalai_("northern")_-_Vedanta_Desika" title="Sri Vaishnavism">Vadakalai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munitraya_Sampradayam" class="mw-redirect" title="Munitraya Sampradayam">Munitraya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishnaism" title="Krishnaism">Krishnaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagannath" title="Jagannath">Jagannathism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haridasa" title="Haridasa">Haridasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaishnava-Sahajiya" class="mw-redirect" title="Vaishnava-Sahajiya">Sahajiya</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baul" title="Baul">Baul</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pushtimarg" class="mw-redirect" title="Pushtimarg">Pushtimarg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaudiya_Vaishnavism" title="Gaudiya Vaishnavism">Gaudiya</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Society_for_Krishna_Consciousness" title="International Society for Krishna Consciousness">ISKCON</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramanandi" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramanandi">Ramanandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapadi" title="Kapadi">Kapadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balmikism" title="Balmikism">Balmiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabir_panth" title="Kabir panth">Kabir panth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dadu_Dayal" title="Dadu Dayal">Dadu panth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahanam_Sampraday" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahanam Sampraday">Mahanam</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Vaishnavism" title="Template:Vaishnavism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Vaishnavism" title="Template talk:Vaishnavism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Vaishnavism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Vaishnavism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>When Vallabha was living in his ancestral village of Kāṅkaravāḍa, he heard of a philosophical debate (<i><a href="/wiki/Shastrartha" title="Shastrartha">śāstrārtha</a></i>) being held in at the court of King <a href="/wiki/Krishnadevaraya" title="Krishnadevaraya">Kr̥ṣṇadevarāya</a> of <a href="/wiki/Vijayanagara_Empire" title="Vijayanagara Empire">Vijayanagara</a>, and that the Vaiṣṇava schools of thought were being beaten by <a href="/wiki/Advaita_Vedanta" title="Advaita Vedanta">Advaita Vedānta</a> philosophers. Vallabha immediately went to Vijayanagara to join the debate, and entered the Vaiṣṇava camp led by <a href="/wiki/Vyasatirtha" title="Vyasatirtha">Vyāsatīrtha</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Dvaita_Vedanta" title="Dvaita Vedanta">Mādhva school</a>. Vallabha through his erudition and debate skills defeated the Advaita philosophers, and was rewarded by Kr̥ṣṇadevarāya with large amounts of gold (most of which he distributed among Brahmins).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarz199243–45_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarz199243–45-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Vallabha was also offered the prestigious title of <i><a href="/wiki/Acharya" title="Acharya">ācārya</a></i> from the <a href="/wiki/Sadh_Vaishnavism" class="mw-redirect" title="Sadh Vaishnavism">Mādhva sampradāya</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Rudra_Sampradaya" title="Rudra Sampradaya">Viṣṇusvāmī sampradāya</a>. Vallabha chose to become <i>ācārya</i> of the Viṣṇusvāmī school. Very little is known of the Viṣṇusvāmī school, and by Vallabha's time its followers were few. The majority view is that Vallabha chose to become <i>ācārya</i> of that school in order to make his own doctrines more prestigious, and that there is likely no real connection between the ideas of <a href="/wiki/Vishnuswami" title="Vishnuswami">Viṣṇusvāmī</a> and Vallabha.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarz199243–45_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarz199243–45-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Keśvararāma Kāśīrāma Śāstrī, Vallabha himself did not claim to belong to Viṣṇusvāmī's school. He notes that in Vallabha's <i>Subodhini</i>, he claims Viṣṇusvāmī's devotional path belongs to the tamāsa guṇa, while his own is nirguṇa. Only later writers such as Gosvāmī Puruṣottama, Yogī Gopeśvara, and Gadādharadāsa link Vallabha's and Lakṣmaṇa Bhaṭṭa's philosophical school to Viṣṇusvāmī. It is also stated in traditional biographies that Bilavamaṁgala (a scholar of Viṣṇusvāmī's school) waited 700 years for Vallabha to take his seat. Rather Vallabha himself states that despite Bilvamaṁgala's Māyāvāda tendencies, through his devotion he can achieve <i>mokṣa</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEŚāstrī1977Śrīviṣṇusvāmīno_sampradāya_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEŚāstrī1977Śrīviṣṇusvāmīno_sampradāya-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to sectarian literature, this debate occurred shortly after Lakṣmaṇa Bhaṭṭa's death in 1490; however, Kr̥ṣṇadevarāya only became king of Vijayanagara in 1509, which is when scholars believed the debate likely occurred historically.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarz199243–45_32-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarz199243–45-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The debate is first mentioned in the <i>Caurāsī Baiṭhak Caritra</i> and is not mentioned in independent historical sources. According to Saha, this story is meant to portray "the image of a victorious Vallabha winning the subcontinent for Kr̥ṣṇa".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESaha2004107–108_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESaha2004107–108-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pilgrimages_and_preaching_tours_of_India">Pilgrimages and preaching tours of India</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vallabha&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Pilgrimages and preaching tours of India"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Vallabha made three pilgrimages throughout India which are documented in later sectarian sources. These pilgrimages are stated to have taken place between 1479 and 1530, although Saha doubts the accuracy of the dates. At pilgrimage sites such as <a href="/wiki/Dwarka" title="Dwarka">Dvārakā</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kannauj" title="Kannauj">Kannauja</a>, <a href="/wiki/Puri" title="Puri">Purī</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mathura" title="Mathura">Mathurā</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gokul" title="Gokul">Gokula</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Govardhan" title="Govardhan">Govardhana</a>, Vallabha had theological debates and attracted followers and devotees. He made extensive conversion campaigns in the <a href="/wiki/Indo-Gangetic_Plain" title="Indo-Gangetic Plain">Gangetic Plain</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gujarat" title="Gujarat">Gujarat</a>, where he attracted converts from various castes including <a href="/wiki/Bhumihar" title="Bhumihar">Bhumihars</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rajput" title="Rajput">Rajputs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gurjar" title="Gurjar">Gurjars</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ahir" title="Ahir">Ahirs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kurmi" title="Kurmi">Kurmis</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Vaniyan" class="mw-redirect" title="Vaniyan">Vaniyas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bhatia_caste" title="Bhatia caste">Bhatias</a>, <a href="/wiki/Patidar" title="Patidar">Kanbis</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Patidar" title="Patidar">Patidars</a> respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarz199291,_140_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarz199291,_140-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <i>Caurāsī Vaiṣṇavan kī Vārtā</i>, the lives of eighty-four of Vallabha's most notable devotees are narrated. Of the 84 devotees, 39 were <a href="/wiki/Brahmin" title="Brahmin">Brahmins</a>, 36 were mercantile or landowning <a href="/wiki/Kshatriya" title="Kshatriya">Kshatriyas</a>, 5 were <a href="/wiki/Vaishya" title="Vaishya">Vaishyas</a>, and 6 were <a href="/wiki/Shudra" title="Shudra">Shudras</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESaha2004107–114_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESaha2004107–114-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Only scholarly theory for why Vallabha's theology was attractive to these groups was that of social mobility. For agrarian castes, particularly in Gujarat, the emphasis on purity gave higher status. For mercantile castes, purity as well as the emphasis on restraint and frugality in daily life elevated their status, while wealth could then be funnelled toward religiously meritorious <a href="/wiki/Sev%C4%81" title="Sevā">sevā</a> to Kr̥ṣṇa.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESaha2004113–117_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESaha2004113–117-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another reason was that Vallabha promoted a househoulder life-affirming, socially conservative view that appealed to castes that depended on social and political stability for their livelihoods, notably in the context of splintering Muslim sultanates in India.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESaha2004113–117_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESaha2004113–117-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Death">Death</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vallabha&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1530, Vallabha took a vow of <a href="/wiki/Sannyasa" title="Sannyasa">renunciation</a> and withdrew to the banks on the <a href="/wiki/Ganges" title="Ganges">Gaṅgā river</a> in Vārāṇasī. After a month, he summoned his sons Gopīnātha and Viṭṭhalanatha, and designated the 18 or 19 year old Gopīnātha as his successor. According to sectarian accounts, he walked in the Gaṅgā and vanished in a flash of light.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarz2018_2-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarz2018-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is event is said to have occurred on Āṣāḍha suda 3, 1587 <a href="/wiki/Vikram_Samvat" title="Vikram Samvat">V.S.</a> (July 7, 1530).<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literary_works">Literary works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vallabha&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Literary works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Vallabhācārya composed many philosophical and devotional books during his lifetime which include:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarz2018_2-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarz2018-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 15em;"> <ul><li><i>Aṇubhāṣya</i>, a partial commentary on the <i><a href="/wiki/Brahma_Sutras" title="Brahma Sutras">Brahmasūtra</a></i> of Bādarāyaṇa (up to 1.21)</li> <li><i>Ācāryakārikā</i></li> <li><i>Ānandādhikaraṇa</i></li> <li><i>Bhaktisiddhānta</i></li> <li><i>Brahmavādasaṃgraha</i></li> <li><i>Ekāntarahasya</i></li> <li><i>Gāyatrībhāṣya</i></li> <li><i>Madhurāṣṭaka</i></li> <li><i>Maṅgalavāda</i></li> <li><i>Nyāsadeśa</i></li> <li><i>Parivṛdhāṣṭaka</i></li> <li><i>Patrāvalambana</i></li> <li><i>Puruṣottamanāmasāhasra</i></li> <li><i>Pūrvamīmāṃsākārikā</i></li> <li><i>Sarvottamastotraṭippaṇī</i></li> <li><i>Sākṣātpuruṣottamavākya</i></li> <li><i>Śrutisāra</i></li> <li><i>Subhodhinī</i>, a partial commentary on the <i><a href="/wiki/Bh%C4%81gavata_Pur%C4%81%E1%B9%87a" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhāgavata Purāṇa">Bhāgavata Purāṇa</a></i> (Books 1-3, 10-11)</li> <li><i>Subodhanīkārikā</i></li> <li><i>Svāminyaṣṭaka</i></li> <li><i>Tattvadīpikā</i> on the <a href="/wiki/Bhagavadg%C4%ABt%C4%81" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhagavadgītā">Bhagavadgītā</a></li> <li><i>Tattvārthādhikaraṇa</i> or <i>Tattvārthadīpanibandha</i> along with its commentary called the <i>Prakāśa</i>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shodash_Granth" class="mw-redirect" title="Shodash Granth">Ṣoḍaśagrantha</a></i>, sixteen treatises on important facets of Śuddhādvaita and theology of the Puṣṭimārga</li></ul> <ol><li><i>Antaḥkaraṇaprabodha</i> (and its <i>vivṛti</i>)</li> <li><i>Bhaktivardhinī</i></li> <li><i>Bālabodha</i></li> <li><i>Catuḥślokī</i></li> <li><i>Jalabheda</i></li> <li><i>Kṛṣṇāśraya</i></li> <li><i>Navaratna</i></li> <li><i>Nirodhalakṣaṇa</i></li> <li><i>Pañcapadyāni</i></li> <li><i>Puṣṭipravāhamaryādābheda</i></li> <li><i>Saṃnyāsanirṇaya</i></li> <li><i>Sevāphala</i> (and its <i>vivaraṇa</i>)</li> <li><i>Siddhāntamuktāvalī</i></li> <li><i>Siddhāntarahasya</i></li> <li><i>Vivekadhairyāśraya</i></li> <li><i>Yāmunāṣṭaka</i></li></ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Philosophy">Philosophy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vallabha&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Philosophy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks plainlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle" style="background:#FFC569;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Hinduism" title="Category:Hinduism">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#FFC569;"><a href="/wiki/Hindu_philosophy" title="Hindu philosophy">Hindu philosophy</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image" style="padding:0.3em 0.3em 0.4em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Om" title="Om"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Om_symbol.svg/80px-Om_symbol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Om_symbol.svg/120px-Om_symbol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Om_symbol.svg/160px-Om_symbol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="356" data-file-height="367" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#FFC569;"> <a href="/wiki/%C4%80stika_and_n%C4%81stika" title="Āstika and nāstika">Orthodox</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.3em 0.5em 0.75em;"> <table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Samkhya" title="Samkhya">Samkhya</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Yoga_(philosophy)" title="Yoga (philosophy)">Yoga</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Nyaya" title="Nyaya">Nyaya</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Vaisheshika" title="Vaisheshika">Vaisheshika</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/M%C4%ABm%C4%81%E1%B9%83s%C4%81" title="Mīmāṃsā">Mīmāṃsā</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Vedanta" title="Vedanta">Vedanta</a></b></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#FFC569;"> <a href="/wiki/%C4%80stika_and_n%C4%81stika" title="Āstika and nāstika">Heterodox</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.3em 0.5em 0.75em;"> <table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Charvaka" title="Charvaka">Charvaka</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%C4%80j%C4%ABvika" title="Ājīvika">Ājīvika</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Jainism" title="Jainism">Jainism</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Aj%C3%B1ana" title="Ajñana">Ajñana</a></b></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.3em 0.5em 0.75em;;padding:1px 0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#FFC569;;font-weight:normal;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><b>Sub-schools</b></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Smarta_tradition" title="Smarta tradition">Smartist</a></dt> <dd></dd></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Advaita_Vedanta" title="Advaita Vedanta">Advaita</a></i></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Vaishnavism" title="Vaishnavism">Vaishnavite</a></dt> <dd></dd></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bhedabheda" title="Bhedabheda">Bhedabheda</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vishishtadvaita" title="Vishishtadvaita">Vishishtadvaita</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dvaita_Vedanta" title="Dvaita Vedanta">Dvaita</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shuddhadvaita" title="Shuddhadvaita">Shuddhadvaita</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Achintya_Bheda_Abheda" title="Achintya Bheda Abheda">Achintya Bheda Abheda</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Svabhavika_Bhedabheda" title="Svabhavika Bhedabheda">Svabhavika Bhedabheda</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mahanubhava" title="Mahanubhava">Mahanubhava</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ekasarana_Dharma" title="Ekasarana Dharma">Ekasarana Dharma</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Akshar_Purushottam_Darshan" title="Akshar Purushottam Darshan">Akshar Purushottam Darshan</a></i></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Shaivism" title="Shaivism">Shaivite</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Shaiva_Siddhanta" title="Shaiva Siddhanta">Shaiva Siddhanta</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pratyabhijna" title="Pratyabhijna">Pratyabhijna</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pashupata_Shaivism" title="Pashupata Shaivism">Panchartika</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kalamukha" title="Kalamukha">Pramanavada</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Veerashaiva" class="mw-redirect" title="Veerashaiva">Shakti Vishishtadvaita</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nath" class="mw-redirect" title="Nath">Shiva Bhedabeda</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shiva_Advaita" title="Shiva Advaita">Shiva Advaita</a></i></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Neo-Vedanta" title="Neo-Vedanta">Neo-Vedanta</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Integral_yoga" title="Integral yoga">Integral yoga</a></i></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.3em 0.5em 0.75em;;padding:1px 0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#FFC569;;font-weight:normal;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><b>Teachers</b> (<a href="/wiki/Acharya" title="Acharya">Acharyas</a>)</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-style:italic;padding-bottom:0;;padding-top:0.2em;"> <a href="/wiki/Nyaya" title="Nyaya">Nyaya</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0 0.5em 0.65em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ny%C4%81ya_S%C5%ABtras" title="Nyāya Sūtras">Akṣapāda Gotama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jayanta_Bhatta" title="Jayanta Bhatta">Jayanta Bhatta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raghunatha_Siromani" title="Raghunatha Siromani">Raghunatha Siromani</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-style:italic;padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/M%C4%ABm%C4%81%E1%B9%83s%C4%81" title="Mīmāṃsā">Mīmāṃsā</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0 0.5em 0.65em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jaimini" title="Jaimini">Jaimini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kum%C4%81rila_Bha%E1%B9%AD%E1%B9%ADa" title="Kumārila Bhaṭṭa">Kumārila Bhaṭṭa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prabh%C4%81kara" title="Prabhākara">Prabhākara</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-style:italic;padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Advaita_Vedanta" title="Advaita Vedanta">Advaita</a> (Mayavada)</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0 0.5em 0.65em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaudapada" title="Gaudapada">Gaudapada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C4%81chaspati_Misra" title="Vāchaspati Misra">Vāchaspati Misra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adi_Shankara" title="Adi Shankara">Adi Shankara</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-style:italic;padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Vishishtadvaita" title="Vishishtadvaita">Vishishtadvaita</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0 0.5em 0.65em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ramanuja" title="Ramanuja">Ramanuja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vedanta_Desika" title="Vedanta Desika">Vedanta Desika</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-style:italic;padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Dvaita_Vedanta" title="Dvaita Vedanta">Dvaita</a> (Tattvavada)</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0 0.5em 0.65em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Madhvacharya" title="Madhvacharya">Madhvacharya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jayatirtha" title="Jayatirtha">Jayatirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vyasatirtha" title="Vyasatirtha">Vyasatirtha</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-style:italic;padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Shuddhadvaita" title="Shuddhadvaita">Shuddhadvaita</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0 0.5em 0.65em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Vallabha</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-style:italic;padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Achintya_Bheda_Abheda" title="Achintya Bheda Abheda">Achintya Bheda Abheda</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0 0.5em 0.65em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chaitanya_Mahaprabhu" title="Chaitanya Mahaprabhu">Chaitanya Mahaprabhu</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-style:italic;padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Svabhavika_Bhedabheda" title="Svabhavika Bhedabheda">Svabhavika Bhedabheda</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0 0.5em 0.65em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nimbarkacharya" title="Nimbarkacharya">Nimbarka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srinivasacharya" title="Srinivasacharya">Srinivasacharya</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-style:italic;padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Mahanubhava" title="Mahanubhava">Mahanubhava</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0 0.5em 0.65em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chakradhar_Swami" title="Chakradhar Swami">Chakradhara</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-style:italic;padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Ekasarana_Dharma" title="Ekasarana Dharma">Ekasarana Dharma</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0 0.5em 0.65em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sankardev" title="Sankardev">Sankardev</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-style:italic;padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Akshar_Purushottam_Darshan" title="Akshar Purushottam Darshan">Akshar Purushottam Darshan</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0 0.5em 0.65em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swaminarayan" title="Swaminarayan">Swaminarayan</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-style:italic;padding-bottom:0;"> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tantra" title="Tantra">Tantra</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Shaktism" title="Shaktism">Shakta</a></li></ul></div></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0 0.5em 0.65em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abhinavagupta" title="Abhinavagupta">Abhinavagupta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigamananda_Paramahansa" title="Nigamananda Paramahansa">Nigamananda Paramahansa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramprasad_Sen" title="Ramprasad Sen">Ramprasad Sen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bamakhepa" title="Bamakhepa">Bamakhepa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamalakanta_Bhattacharya_(Bengal)" title="Kamalakanta Bhattacharya (Bengal)">Kamalakanta Bhattacharya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anandamayi_Ma" title="Anandamayi Ma">Anandamayi Ma</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-style:italic;padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Neo-Vedanta" title="Neo-Vedanta">Neo-Vedanta</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0 0.5em 0.65em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Vivekananda" title="Swami Vivekananda">Vivekananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Aurobindo" title="Sri Aurobindo">Aurobindo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarvepalli_Radhakrishnan" title="Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan">Radhakrishnan</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-style:italic;padding-bottom:0;;font-weight:normal;"> Others</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0 0.5em 0.65em;"> <table class="infobox" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-style:italic;padding-right:1.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Samkhya" title="Samkhya">Samkhya</a></th><td class="infobox-data"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kapila" title="Kapila">Kapila</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-style:italic;padding-right:1.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Yoga" title="Yoga">Yoga</a></th><td class="infobox-data"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patanjali" title="Patanjali">Patanjali</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-style:italic;padding-right:1.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Vaisheshika" title="Vaisheshika">Vaisheshika</a></th><td class="infobox-data"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ka%E1%B9%87%C4%81da" title="Kaṇāda">Kaṇāda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prashastapada" title="Prashastapada">Prashastapada</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-style:italic;padding-right:1.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Secular" class="mw-redirect" title="Secular">Secular</a></th><td class="infobox-data"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Valluvar" class="mw-redirect" title="Valluvar">Valluvar</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.3em 0.5em 0.75em;;padding:1px 0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#FFC569;;font-weight:normal;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><b><a href="/wiki/Hindu_texts" title="Hindu texts">Major texts</a></b></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Aruti" title="Śruti">Śruti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sm%E1%B9%9Bti" title="Smṛti">Smṛti</a></li></ul> <hr /> <dl><dd><b><a href="/wiki/Vedas" title="Vedas">Vedas</a></b></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rigveda" title="Rigveda">Rigveda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yajurveda" title="Yajurveda">Yajurveda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaveda" title="Samaveda">Samaveda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atharvaveda" title="Atharvaveda">Atharvaveda</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><b><a href="/wiki/Upanishads" title="Upanishads">Upanishads</a></b></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Principal_Upanishads" title="Principal Upanishads">Principal Upanishads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upanishads#Classification" title="Upanishads">Minor Upanishads</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><i>Other scriptures</i></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhagavad_Gita" title="Bhagavad Gita">Bhagavad Gita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agama_(Hinduism)" title="Agama (Hinduism)">Agama (Hinduism)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vachanamrut" title="Vachanamrut">Vachanamrut</a></li></ul> <hr /> <dl><dd><i><b><a href="/wiki/Shastra" title="Shastra">Shastras</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sutra" title="Sutra">Sutras</a></b></i></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brahma_Sutras" title="Brahma Sutras">Brahma Sutras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samkhyakarika" title="Samkhyakarika">Samkhya Sutras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purva_Mimamsa_Sutras" title="Purva Mimamsa Sutras">Mimamsa Sutras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ny%C4%81ya_S%C5%ABtras" title="Nyāya Sūtras">Nyāya Sūtras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vai%C5%9Be%E1%B9%A3ika_S%C5%ABtra" title="Vaiśeṣika Sūtra">Vaiśeṣika Sūtra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_Sutras_of_Patanjali" title="Yoga Sutras of Patanjali">Yoga Sutras</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pramana" title="Pramana">Pramana Sutras</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Puranas" title="Puranas">Puranas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharma%C5%9B%C4%81stra" title="Dharmaśāstra">Dharmaśāstra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthashastra" title="Arthashastra">Arthashastra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kama_Sutra" title="Kama Sutra">Kama Sutra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naalayira_Divya_Prabandham" title="Naalayira Divya Prabandham">Naalayira Divya Prabandham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirumurai" title="Tirumurai">Tirumurai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiva_Samhita" title="Shiva Samhita">Shiva Samhita</a></li></ul> <hr /> <dl><dd><b><a href="/wiki/Secular_ethics" title="Secular ethics">Secular ethics</a></b></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kural" title="Kural">Kural</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_philosophy" title="Indian philosophy">Other Indian philosophies</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hindu_philosophy" title="Template:Hindu philosophy"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hindu_philosophy" title="Template talk:Hindu philosophy"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hindu_philosophy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hindu philosophy"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Vallabha formulated the philosophy of <a href="/wiki/Shuddhadvaita" title="Shuddhadvaita">Śuddhādvaita</a>, in response to Śaṅkara's <a href="/wiki/Advaita_Vedanta" title="Advaita Vedanta">Ādvaita Vedānta</a>, which he called Maryādā Mārga or Path of Limitations. Vallabha asserted that religious disciplines focusing on Vedic sacrifices, temple rituals, <a href="/wiki/Puja_(Hinduism)" title="Puja (Hinduism)">puja</a>, meditation, and yoga held limited value. Additionally Vallabha rejected the concept of <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81y%C4%81" class="mw-redirect" title="Māyā">Māyā</a>, stating that the world was a manifestation of the Supreme Absolute and could neither be tainted nor change.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESaha200498–106_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESaha200498–106-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The school rejects the ascetic lifestyle and cherishes householder lifestyle, wherein followers see themselves as participants and companions of Kr̥ṣṇa, viewing their daily lives as an ongoing <i><a href="/wiki/Raslila" title="Raslila">raslila</a>.</i><sup id="cite_ref-lochtefeldpushti_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lochtefeldpushti-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Brahman">Brahman</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vallabha&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Brahman"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to Vallabha, <a href="/wiki/Brahman" title="Brahman">Brahman</a> consists of existence, consciousness, and bliss (s<i>at-cit-ānanda</i>), and when manifested completely, as <a href="/wiki/Krishna" title="Krishna">Kr̥ṣṇa</a> himself. The purpose of this tradition is to perform <a href="/wiki/Sev%C4%81" title="Sevā">sevā</a> (selfless service) out of love for Kr̥ṣṇa. According to Vallabha, through single minded religiosity, a devotee would achieve awareness that there is nothing in the world that is not Kr̥ṣṇa.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESaha200498–106_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESaha200498–106-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Puṣṭi"><span id="Pu.E1.B9.A3.E1.B9.ADi"></span>Puṣṭi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vallabha&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Puṣṭi"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to Vallabha there are three kinds of souls: <i>puṣṭi</i>, <i>maryāda</i>, and <i>pravāha</i>. The <i>puṣṭi</i> and <i>maryāda</i> souls are divine souls that have potential of upliftment or salvation. The <i>puṣṭi</i> ("complete" or "well-nourished") souls rely on Kr̥ṣṇa's grace as the sole effective means to achieve devotion, and other efforts are insignificant without God's grace.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarfatia196770–75_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarfatia196770–75-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarz199271–73_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarz199271–73-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Vallabha distinguishes between two aspects of devotion: the <i>maryāda</i> and the <i>puṣṭi</i>. <i>Maryāda</i> followers rely on their actions and God's judgment for spiritual rewards, aligning with scriptural injunctions. In contrast, <i>Puṣṭi</i> followers rely solely on God's grace, prioritizing complete devotion and surrender without personal effort, embodying unconditional love and faith towards God. Vallabha also emphasizes that the path of <i>pusti</i> is open to all, regardless of caste or gender. He cautions against seeing this path as too focused on pleasure, saying it is about pure, divine devotion without being attached to worldly desires.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarfatia196772–74_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarfatia196772–74-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jagat">Jagat</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vallabha&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Jagat"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Vallabha viewed the world (<i>jagat</i>) as intricately linked to the belief that the world is an expression and manifestation of Brahman. He accepts the idea that Brahman manifested itself as both the individual souls (<i>jivas</i>) and the world. Vallabha argued that Brahman desired to become many to express His playful nature (<i>lila</i>) and hence created the world. Vallabha emphasizes that the world is not illusory but as real as Brahman itself, which manifests by temporarily suppressing its attributes of bliss and consciousness. When <i>jivas</i>, through ignorance, misunderstand or misinterpret the world as distinctly real and plural, they fall into the trap of <i>samsara</i>, which is unreal.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarfatia196729–30_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarfatia196729–30-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Postage_stamp">Postage stamp</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vallabha&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Postage stamp"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/India_Post" title="India Post">Indian postal department</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India">Government of India</a> issued a commemorative stamp bearing the image of Vallabhācārya on April 14, 1977.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vallabha&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 10em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhagavata" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhagavata">Bhagavata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vyasa" title="Vyasa">Vyasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champaran_(Chhattisgarh)" class="mw-redirect" title="Champaran (Chhattisgarh)">Champaran (Chhattisgarh)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishna" title="Krishna">Krishna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrinathji" title="Shrinathji">Shrinathji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Para_Brahman" title="Para Brahman">Para Brahman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pushtimarg" class="mw-redirect" title="Pushtimarg">Pushtimarg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramanuja" title="Ramanuja">Ramanuja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhvacharya" title="Madhvacharya">Madhvacharya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimbarka" class="mw-redirect" title="Nimbarka">Nimbarka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuddhadvaita" title="Shuddhadvaita">Shuddhadvaita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahma_Sutras" title="Brahma Sutras">Brahma Sutras</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vallabha&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">All <a href="/wiki/Vikram_Samvat" title="Vikram Samvat">Vikram Samvat</a> life event dates in this article have been converted into the Gregorian calendar using <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.harysdalvi.com/calcalc">https://www.harysdalvi.com/calcalc</a> .</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vallabha&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarz2018-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarz2018_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarz2018_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarz2018_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarz2018_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarz2018_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarz2018_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarz2018_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarz2018_2-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarz2018_2-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarz2018_2-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarz2018_2-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBarz2018">Barz 2018</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESaha2004107-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESaha2004107_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSaha2004">Saha 2004</a>, p. 107.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBachrach201459,_64–65-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBachrach201459,_64–65_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBachrach2014">Bachrach 2014</a>, pp. 59, 64–65.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBachrach2014" class="citation thesis cs1">Bachrach, Emilia (2014). <i>Reading the Medieval in the Modern: The Living Tradition of Hagiography in the Vallabh Sect of Contemporary Gujarat</i> (PhD thesis). 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"2". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/582847"><i>Shri Vallabhacharyas Shuddhadvaita philosophy of Vedanta</i></a> (PhD thesis). University of Mumbai. p. 48.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Shri+Vallabhacharyas+Shuddhadvaita+philosophy+of+Vedanta&rft.degree=PhD&rft.inst=University+of+Mumbai&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Shah&rft.aufirst=Kokila+A&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in%2Fhandle%2F10603%2F582847&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVallabha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPotter2019" class="citation book cs1">Potter, Karl H. (2019). <i>Encyclopedia of Indian Philosophies: Volume 23: Śuddhādvaita Vedānta Philosophy</i> (1st ed.). Delhi: Motilal Banarsidas Publishers Private Limited. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788120841543" title="Special:BookSources/9788120841543"><bdi>9788120841543</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Indian+Philosophies%3A+Volume+23%3A+%C5%9Auddh%C4%81dvaita+Ved%C4%81nta+Philosophy&rft.place=Delhi&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Motilal+Banarsidas+Publishers+Private+Limited&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=9788120841543&rft.aulast=Potter&rft.aufirst=Karl+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVallabha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPotter2009" class="citation book cs1">Potter, Karl H. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/the-encyclopedia-of-indian-philosophies/1%20Bibliography/page/n543/mode/2up"><i>Encyclopedia of Indian Philosophies. Vol. 1: Bibliography</i></a> (Reprint ed.). Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass. p. 545-552. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788120803084" title="Special:BookSources/9788120803084"><bdi>9788120803084</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Indian+Philosophies.+Vol.+1%3A+Bibliography&rft.place=Delhi&rft.pages=545-552&rft.edition=Reprint&rft.pub=Motilal+Banarsidass&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9788120803084&rft.aulast=Potter&rft.aufirst=Karl+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fthe-encyclopedia-of-indian-philosophies%2F1%2520Bibliography%2Fpage%2Fn543%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVallabha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESaha200498–106-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESaha200498–106_42-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESaha200498–106_42-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSaha2004">Saha 2004</a>, pp. 98–106.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lochtefeldpushti-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-lochtefeldpushti_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLochtefeld2002" class="citation book cs1">Lochtefeld, James G (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/illustratedencyc0000loch"><i>The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism: N–Z</i></a>. Rosen Publishing. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/illustratedencyc0000loch/page/539">539–540</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0823931804" title="Special:BookSources/978-0823931804"><bdi>978-0823931804</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Illustrated+Encyclopedia+of+Hinduism%3A+N%E2%80%93Z&rft.pages=539-540&rft.pub=Rosen+Publishing&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0823931804&rft.aulast=Lochtefeld&rft.aufirst=James+G&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fillustratedencyc0000loch&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVallabha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarfatia196770–75-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarfatia196770–75_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMarfatia1967">Marfatia 1967</a>, pp. 70–75.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarz199271–73-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarz199271–73_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBarz1992">Barz 1992</a>, pp. 71–73.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarfatia196772–74-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarfatia196772–74_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMarfatia1967">Marfatia 1967</a>, pp. 72–74.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarfatia196729–30-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarfatia196729–30_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMarfatia1967">Marfatia 1967</a>, pp. 29–30.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mintageworld.com/stamp/detail/920/">"Mahaprabhu Vallabhacharya Commemorative Stamp 1977 | Philcent #937 SG #846, MJ No. 720"</a>. <i>Mintage World</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mintage+World&rft.atitle=Mahaprabhu+Vallabhacharya+Commemorative+Stamp+1977+%7C+Philcent+%23937+SG+%23846%2C+MJ+No.+720&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mintageworld.com%2Fstamp%2Fdetail%2F920%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVallabha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://postagestamps.gov.in/CommemorativePostageStamps.aspx">"Postage Stamps:: Postage Stamps,Stamp issue calender 2014, Paper postage, Commemorative and definitive stamps, Service Postage Stamps, Philately Offices, Philatelic Bureaux and counters, Mint stamps"</a>. <i>postagestamps.gov.in</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=postagestamps.gov.in&rft.atitle=Postage+Stamps%3A%3A+Postage+Stamps%2CStamp+issue+calender+2014%2C+Paper+postage%2C+Commemorative+and+definitive+stamps%2C+Service+Postage+Stamps%2C+Philately+Offices%2C+Philatelic+Bureaux+and+counters%2C+Mint+stamps&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpostagestamps.gov.in%2FCommemorativePostageStamps.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVallabha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources_2">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vallabha&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="English">English</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vallabha&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: English"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-hanging-indents refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarz1992" class="citation book cs1">Barz, Richard K. (1992) [1976]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ss7QxQEACAAJ"><i>The Bhakti Sect of Vallabhācārya</i></a>. New Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Bhakti+Sect+of+Vallabh%C4%81c%C4%81rya&rft.place=New+Delhi&rft.pub=Munshiram+Manoharlal&rft.date=1992&rft.aulast=Barz&rft.aufirst=Richard+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSs7QxQEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVallabha" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarz2018" class="citation book cs1">Barz, Richard (2018). "Vallabha". In Jacobsen, Knut A.; Basu, Helene; Malinar, Angelika; Narayanan, Vasudha (eds.). <i>Brill's Encyclopedia of Hinduism Online</i>. Brill.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Vallabha&rft.btitle=Brill%27s+Encyclopedia+of+Hinduism+Online&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2018&rft.aulast=Barz&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVallabha" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEntwistle1987" class="citation book cs1">Entwistle, Alan W. (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://brill.com/view/title/24047"><i>Braj, Centre of Krishna Pilgrimage</i></a>. Groningen: Egbert Forsten. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F9789004646599">10.1163/9789004646599</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-6980-016-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-6980-016-5"><bdi>978-90-6980-016-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Braj%2C+Centre+of+Krishna+Pilgrimage&rft.place=Groningen&rft.pub=Egbert+Forsten&rft.date=1987&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F9789004646599&rft.isbn=978-90-6980-016-5&rft.aulast=Entwistle&rft.aufirst=Alan+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbrill.com%2Fview%2Ftitle%2F24047&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVallabha" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHawley2015" class="citation book cs1">Hawley, John Stratton (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AhS9BgAAQBAJ"><i>A Storm of Songs: India and the Idea of the Bhakti Movement</i></a>. Harvard University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-18746-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-18746-7"><bdi>978-0-674-18746-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Storm+of+Songs%3A+India+and+the+Idea+of+the+Bhakti+Movement&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0-674-18746-7&rft.aulast=Hawley&rft.aufirst=John+Stratton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAhS9BgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVallabha" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarfatia1967" class="citation book cs1">Marfatia, Mrudula I. (1967). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0xQgAAAAMAAJ"><i>The Philosophy of Vallabhācārya</i></a>. Delhi: Munshiram Manharlal. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-215-0406-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-215-0406-5"><bdi>978-81-215-0406-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Philosophy+of+Vallabh%C4%81c%C4%81rya&rft.place=Delhi&rft.pub=Munshiram+Manharlal&rft.date=1967&rft.isbn=978-81-215-0406-5&rft.aulast=Marfatia&rft.aufirst=Mrudula+I.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0xQgAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVallabha" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSaha2004" class="citation thesis cs1">Saha, Shandip (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/9013858"><i>Creating a Community of Grace: A History of the Pusti Marga in Northern and Western India (1493–1905)</i></a> (Thesis). University of Ottawa.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Creating+a+Community+of+Grace%3A+A+History+of+the+Pusti+Marga+in+Northern+and+Western+India+%281493%E2%80%931905%29&rft.inst=University+of+Ottawa&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Saha&rft.aufirst=Shandip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F9013858&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVallabha" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gujarati">Gujarati</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vallabha&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Gujarati"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin refbegin-hanging-indents refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFŚāstrī1977" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Keshavram_Kashiram_Shastri" title="Keshavram Kashiram Shastri">Śāstrī</a>, Keśavarāma Kāśīrāma (1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.library.wisc.edu/catalog/999562792602121"><i>Śrīvallabhācārya mahāprabhujī : aitihyamūlaka jīvanī</i></a>. Śrī Sayājī Sāhityamāḷā (in Gujarati). Vaḍodarā: <a href="/wiki/Maharaja_Sayajirao_University_of_Baroda" title="Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda">Prācyavidyā Mandira, Mahārājā Sayājīrāva Viśvavidyālaya</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%C5%9Ar%C4%ABvallabh%C4%81c%C4%81rya+mah%C4%81prabhuj%C4%AB+%3A+aitihyam%C5%ABlaka+j%C4%ABvan%C4%AB&rft.place=Va%E1%B8%8Dodar%C4%81&rft.series=%C5%9Ar%C4%AB+Say%C4%81j%C4%AB+S%C4%81hityam%C4%81%E1%B8%B7%C4%81&rft.pub=Pr%C4%81cyavidy%C4%81+Mandira%2C+Mah%C4%81r%C4%81j%C4%81+Say%C4%81j%C4%ABr%C4%81va+Vi%C5%9Bvavidy%C4%81laya&rft.date=1977&rft.aulast=%C5%9A%C4%81str%C4%AB&rft.aufirst=Ke%C5%9Bavar%C4%81ma+K%C4%81%C5%9B%C4%ABr%C4%81ma&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsearch.library.wisc.edu%2Fcatalog%2F999562792602121&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVallabha" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vallabha&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Vallabhacharya%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Vallabhacharya%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Vallabhacharya%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Vallabhacharya%22%29%20OR%20%28%221479-1531%22%20AND%20Vallabhacharya%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29">Works by or about Vallabha</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Vallabha">Vallabha</a> at <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/book/a-history-of-indian-philosophy-volume-4/d/doc73874.html">The Philosophy of Vallabha</a>, Surendranath Dasgupta, 1940</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pushtipedia.com">Pushtipedia.com</a> at <i>Encyclopedia on Pushtimarga</i></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output 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