CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Dnyaneshwar - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"5658894e-a5ca-4df6-ae87-aa470923201f","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Dnyaneshwar","wgTitle":"Dnyaneshwar","wgCurRevisionId":1264575358,"wgRevisionId":1264575358,"wgArticleId":378112,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pages using the Phonos extension","CS1 Hindi-language sources (hi)","CS1 Marathi-language sources (mr)","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","EngvarB from August 2014","Use dmy dates from August 2014","Pages using infobox religious biography with unsupported parameters","Articles having different image on Wikidata and Wikipedia","Pages including recorded pronunciations","All articles with unsourced statements", "Articles with unsourced statements from November 2024","Commons category link from Wikidata","Warkari","1275 births","1296 deaths","13th-century Indian philosophers","Hindu philosophers and theologians","Medieval Hindu religious leaders","Vaishnavite religious leaders","Indian Vaishnavites","Marathi-language poets","Marathi Hindu saints","Vaishnava saints","Sant Mat","Scholars from Maharashtra","Translators of the Bhagavad Gita","Bhakti movement","People from Maharashtra","Brahmins who fought against discrimination","Anti-caste activists"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Dnyaneshwar","wgRelevantArticleId":378112,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true, "wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":40000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q1033695","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready", "ext.phonos.styles":"ready","ext.phonos.icons":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","ext.phonos.init","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns", "ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.phonos.icons%2Cstyles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.16"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/31/Dnyaneshwar2.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1512"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Dnyaneshwar2.jpg/800px-Dnyaneshwar2.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1008"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Dnyaneshwar2.jpg/640px-Dnyaneshwar2.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="807"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Dnyaneshwar - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dnyaneshwar"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Dnyaneshwar&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dnyaneshwar"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Dnyaneshwar rootpage-Dnyaneshwar skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Main menu" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages"><span>Special pages</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Dnyaneshwar" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Dnyaneshwar" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Dnyaneshwar" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Dnyaneshwar" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Biography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Biography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Biography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Biography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Biography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Travel_and_demise" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Travel_and_demise"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Travel and demise</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Travel_and_demise-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Miracles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Miracles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Miracles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Miracles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Writings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Writings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Writings</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Writings-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Writings subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Writings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Influences" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Influences"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Influences</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Influences-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Philosophy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Philosophy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Philosophy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Philosophy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Philosophy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Philosophy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ontology_and_epistemology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ontology_and_epistemology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Ontology and epistemology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ontology_and_epistemology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ethics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ethics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Ethics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ethics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reception_and_legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reception_and_legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Reception and legacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reception_and_legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>In popular culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Works</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Dnyaneshwar</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 16 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-16" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">16 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="دانيشوار – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="دانيشوار" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4_%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9E%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B0" title="সন্ত জ্ঞানেশ্বর – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সন্ত জ্ঞানেশ্বর" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dnyaneshwar" title="Dnyaneshwar – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Dnyaneshwar" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="دنیانشوار – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دنیانشوار" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jnaneshvara" title="Jnaneshvara – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Jnaneshvara" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%9C%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%9E%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%A8%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%B6%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%B0" title="જ્ઞાનેશ્વર – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="જ્ઞાનેશ્વર" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0" title="ज्ञानेश्वर – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ज्ञानेश्वर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dnyaneshwar" title="Dnyaneshwar – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Dnyaneshwar" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9C%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9E%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%B6%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%B0" title="ಜ್ಞಾನೇಶ್ವರ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಜ್ಞಾನೇಶ್ವರ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9E%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC" title="സന്ത് ജ്ഞാനേശ്വർ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സന്ത് ജ്ഞാനേശ്വർ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0" title="ज्ञानेश्वर – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="ज्ञानेश्वर" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="دنيانيشوار – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="دنيانيشوار" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%BA%C5%84ane%C5%9Bwar" title="Dźńaneśwar – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Dźńaneśwar" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Днянешвар – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Днянешвар" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9E%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B7%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="ஞானேஷ்வர் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஞானேஷ்வர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9E%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%B6%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%81" title="జ్ఞానేశ్వరుడు – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="జ్ఞానేశ్వరుడు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1033695#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Dnyaneshwar" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Dnyaneshwar" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Dnyaneshwar"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dnyaneshwar&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dnyaneshwar&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Dnyaneshwar"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dnyaneshwar&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dnyaneshwar&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Dnyaneshwar" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Dnyaneshwar" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dnyaneshwar&oldid=1264575358" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dnyaneshwar&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Dnyaneshwar&id=1264575358&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FDnyaneshwar"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FDnyaneshwar"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Dnyaneshwar&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dnyaneshwar&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Dnyaneshwar" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1033695" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">13th century marathi Sant</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Sant Dnyaneshwar" redirects here. For the film about his life, see <a href="/wiki/Sant_Dnyaneshwar_(film)" title="Sant Dnyaneshwar (film)">Sant Dnyaneshwar (film)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;background: #FFC569; color: #000000;"><div class="fn">Dnyaneshwar Vitthalapant Kulkarni</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Dnyaneshwar2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Dnyaneshwar2.jpg/220px-Dnyaneshwar2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="277" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Dnyaneshwar2.jpg/330px-Dnyaneshwar2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Dnyaneshwar2.jpg/440px-Dnyaneshwar2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="849" data-file-height="1070" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Title</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Guru" title="Guru">Sant Dnyaneshwar</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #FFC569; color: #000000;">Personal life</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Dnyaneshwar</div><br />1275<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace">Apegaon, <a href="/wiki/Seuna_(Yadava)_dynasty" title="Seuna (Yadava) dynasty">Yadava dynasty</a> <br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(present-day <a href="/wiki/Paithan" title="Paithan">Paithan</a> Taluka, <a href="/wiki/Aurangabad" title="Aurangabad">Chatrapati Sambhaji Nagar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>)</span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">1296<span style="display:none">(1296-00-00)</span> (aged 20–21)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parents</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Vithala Pant (father)</li><li>Rukmini Bai (mother)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Honors</th><td class="infobox-data"><i><a href="/wiki/Sant_(religion)" title="Sant (religion)">Sant</a></i> (Saint), <i><a href="/wiki/God" title="God">Dev</a></i> (God) and <i>Māulī</i> (Mother) <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBerntsen1988143_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBerntsen1988143-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #FFC569; color: #000000;">Religious life</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Philosophy</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Advaita" class="mw-redirect" title="Advaita">Advaita</a>, <a href="/wiki/Varkari" class="mw-redirect" title="Varkari">Varkari</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #FFC569; color: #000000;">Religious career</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Guru</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nivruttinath" title="Nivruttinath">Nivruttinath</a> (elder brother)</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Sant Dnyaneshwar</b> (Marathi pronunciation: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Marathi" title="Help:IPA/Marathi">[d̪ɲaːn̪eʃʋəɾ]</a>), <span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/f\/ff\/Dnyaneshwar.wav\/Dnyaneshwar.wav.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"pronunciation"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Dnyaneshwar.wav"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/ff/Dnyaneshwar.wav/Dnyaneshwar.wav.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">pronunciation</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Dnyaneshwar.wav" title="File:Dnyaneshwar.wav">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>also referred to as <b>Dnyaneshwar</b>, <b>Dnyanadeva</b>, <b>Dnyandev</b> or <b>Mauli</b> or <b>Dnyaneshwar Vitthal Kulkarni</b> (1275–1296),<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMokashi198739_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMokashi198739-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was a 13th-century <a href="/wiki/Indian_people" title="Indian people">Indian</a> <a href="/wiki/Marathi_people" title="Marathi people">Marathi</a> <a href="/wiki/Saint" title="Saint">saint</a>, poet, philosopher and <a href="/wiki/Yogi" title="Yogi">yogi</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Nath" class="mw-redirect" title="Nath">Nath</a> and <a href="/wiki/Varkari" class="mw-redirect" title="Varkari">Varkari</a> tradition. In his short life of 21 years, he authored <i><a href="/wiki/Dnyaneshwari" title="Dnyaneshwari">Dnyaneshwari</a></i> (a commentary on the <i><a href="/wiki/Bhagavad_Gita" title="Bhagavad Gita">Bhagavad Gita</a></i>) and <i><a href="/wiki/Amrutanubhav" title="Amrutanubhav">Amrutanubhav</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERanade193331–34_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERanade193331–34-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These are the oldest surviving literary works in the Marathi language, and considered to be milestones in <a href="/wiki/Marathi_literature" title="Marathi literature">Marathi literature</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sant Dnyaneshwar's ideas reflect the non-dualistic <a href="/wiki/Advaita_Vedanta" title="Advaita Vedanta">Advaita Vedanta</a> philosophy and an emphasis on Yoga and bhakti towards <a href="/wiki/Vithoba" title="Vithoba">Vithoba</a>, an incarnation of <a href="/wiki/Vishnu" title="Vishnu">Vishnu</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPawar1997352_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPawar1997352-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His legacy inspired saint-poets such as <a href="/wiki/Eknath" title="Eknath">Eknath</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tukaram" title="Tukaram">Tukaram</a>, and he is one of the founders of the Varkari (<a href="/wiki/Vithoba" title="Vithoba">Vithoba</a>-<a href="/wiki/Krishna" title="Krishna">Krishna</a>) <a href="/wiki/Bhakti" title="Bhakti">Bhakti</a> movement tradition of <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a> in Maharashtra.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dnyaneshwar undertook <a href="/wiki/Samadhi" title="Samadhi">samadhi</a> at <a href="/wiki/Alandi" title="Alandi">Alandi</a> in 1296 by entombing himself in an underground chamber. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dnyaneshwar&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dnyaneshwar was born in 1275 (on the auspicious day of Krishna Janmashtami) in a <a href="/wiki/Marathi_language" title="Marathi language">Marathi</a>-speaking <a href="/wiki/Deshastha_Brahmin" title="Deshastha Brahmin">Deshastha Brahmin</a> family in Apegaon village on the banks of <a href="/wiki/Godavari" class="mw-redirect" title="Godavari">Godavari</a> river near <a href="/wiki/Paithan" title="Paithan">Paithan</a> in Maharashtra during the reign of the <a href="/wiki/Seuna_(Yadava)_dynasty" title="Seuna (Yadava) dynasty">Yadava</a> king <a href="/wiki/Ramachandra_of_Devagiri" title="Ramachandra of Devagiri">Ramadevarava</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBahirat20061_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBahirat20061-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The kingdom with its capital <a href="/wiki/Daulatabad_Fort" title="Daulatabad Fort">Devagiri</a> enjoyed relative peace and stability, and the king was a patron of literature and arts.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBahirat20062_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBahirat20062-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPradhanLambert1987xiv–xvi_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPradhanLambert1987xiv–xvi-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Biographical details of Sant Dnyaneshwar's life are preserved in the writings of his disciples, Satyamalanath and Sachchidanand.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBahirat20068_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBahirat20068-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The various traditions give conflicting accounts of details of Dnyaneshwar's life. The date of composition of his work <i>Dnyaneshwari</i> (1290 CE), however is undisputed.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERanade193331_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERanade193331-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBahirat20061_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBahirat20061-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the more accepted tradition on Dnyaneshwar's life, he was born in 1275 CE and he attained samadhi in 1296 CE.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERanade193331–2_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERanade193331–2-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other sources state he was born in 1271 CE.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPradhanLambert1987xv_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPradhanLambert1987xv-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERanade193331–32_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERanade193331–32-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Life">Life</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dnyaneshwar&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The biographical details of Dnyaneshwar's short life of about 21 years are well established. The available accounts are filled with hagiographic legends and miracles he performed, such as his ability to make a buffalo sing the Vedas and humble a yogi by riding a moving wall.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPradhanLambert1987xv_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPradhanLambert1987xv-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDallmayr200746_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDallmayr200746-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to the accounts that have survived, Dnyaneshwar's father Vitthal pant was the <a href="/wiki/Kulkarni" title="Kulkarni">kulkarni</a> (hereditary accountant, usually <a href="/wiki/Brahmin" title="Brahmin">Brahmin</a>, who maintained land and tax records in villages)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAttwood1992333_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAttwood1992333-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of a village called Ape gaon on the banks of the <a href="/wiki/Godavari_River" title="Godavari River">Godavari River</a> in Maharashtra, a profession he had inherited from his ancestors.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERanade193330_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERanade193330-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He married Rakhna Bai, the daughter of the Kulkarni of <a href="/wiki/Alandi" title="Alandi">Alandi</a>. Even as a householder, Vitthal pant longed for spiritual learning.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBahirat20069_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBahirat20069-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His disillusionment with life grew as a result of the death of his father and because he had no children from his marriage. Eventually, with his wife's consent, he renounced worldly life and left for <a href="/wiki/Varanasi" title="Varanasi">Kashi</a> to become a <a href="/wiki/Sannyasa" title="Sannyasa">sannyasin</a> (renunciate).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERanade193330_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERanade193330-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to another version of these events Dnyaneshwar's father Vitthalapant came from a long line of teachers of the <a href="/wiki/Nath" class="mw-redirect" title="Nath">Nath</a> yogi sect and being deeply religious, he went on a pilgrimage to Varanasi. There he met a <i><a href="/wiki/Guru" title="Guru">guru</a></i> (spiritual teacher), decided to renounce without his wife's consent.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPradhanLambert1987xvi_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPradhanLambert1987xvi-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Vitthalapant was initiated by his spiritual teacher, Ramashrama (according to abhanga of Saint Namdeva), in Kashi. When Ramashrama Swami visited Alan-di and met Rukminibai by chance, he blessed her saying, <i>“May you lead a happy married life.”</i> With tears in her eyes, Rukmini said that it was not possible since her husband had gone away to Kashi and become a sanyasin. On finding out that her husband was none other than his disciple Vitthalapant, Swami, on returning to Kashi, reprimanded Vitthalapant and sent him back to Alandi. At Alandi, he rejoined his wife and again became a householder.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After Vitthalapant returned to his wife and settled down in Alandi, Rakhumabai gave birth to four children—<a href="/wiki/Nivruttinath" title="Nivruttinath">Nivruttinath</a> (1273 CE), Dnyaneshwar (1275 CE), <a href="/wiki/Sopan" title="Sopan">Sopan</a> (1277 CE) and <a href="/wiki/Muktabai" title="Muktabai">Muktabai</a> (1279 CE).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESundararajanMukerji200333_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESundararajanMukerji200333-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Orthodox Brahmins of the day saw a renunciate returning to his life as a householder as heresy.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBahirat200612_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBahirat200612-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dnyaneshwar and his brothers were denied the right to have the <a href="/wiki/Upanayana" title="Upanayana">sacred thread ceremony</a> for the full admission to the Brahmin caste.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPawar1997352_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPawar1997352-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPradhanLambert1987xvi–xvii_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPradhanLambert1987xvi–xvii-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Pawar, this meant excommunication from the Brahmin caste.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPawar1997352_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPawar1997352-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Vitthalapant eventually left the town for <a href="/wiki/Nashik" title="Nashik">Nashik</a> with his family. One day while performing his daily rituals, Vitthalapant came face to face with a tiger. Vitthalapant and three of his four children escaped, but Nivruttinath became separated from the family and hid in a cave. While hiding in the cave he met Gahaninath, who initiated Nivruttinath into the wisdom of the <a href="/wiki/Nath" class="mw-redirect" title="Nath">Nath</a> yogis.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBahirat200613_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBahirat200613-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERanade193333_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERanade193333-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later, Vitthalapant returned to Alandi and asked the <a href="/wiki/Brahmin" title="Brahmin">Brahmins</a> to suggest a means of atonement for his sins; they suggested giving up his life as penance. Vitthalapant and his wife gave up their lives, within a year of each other by jumping into the <a href="/wiki/Indrayani_river" class="mw-redirect" title="Indrayani river">Indrayani river</a> in the hope their children might be able to lead lives free of persecution.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBahirat200613_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBahirat200613-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other sources and local folk tradition claim that the parents committed suicide by jumping in the <a href="/wiki/Indrayani_River" title="Indrayani River">Indrayani River</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlushkova2014110-120_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlushkova2014110-120-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another version of the legend states that Vitthalapant, the father threw himself into <a href="/wiki/Ganges_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Ganges River">Ganges River</a> to expiate his sin.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPradhanLambert1987xvi–xvii_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPradhanLambert1987xvi–xvii-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dnyaneshwar and his siblings were accepted by and initiated into the Nath Hindu live tradition to which their parents already belonged, where the three brothers and the sister Muktabai all became celebrated yogis and Bhakti poets.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPradhanLambert1987xvi–xvii_29-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPradhanLambert1987xvi–xvii-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Travel_and_demise">Travel and demise</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dnyaneshwar&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Travel and demise"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After Dnyaneshwar had written Amrutanubhav, the siblings visited <a href="/wiki/Pandharpur" title="Pandharpur">Pandharpur</a> where they met Namdev, who became a close friend of Dnyaneshwar. Dnyaneshwar and Namadev embarked on a pilgrimage to various holy centers across India where they initiated many people into the Varkari sect;<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERanade193334_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERanade193334-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dnyaneshwar's devotional compositions called <a href="/wiki/Abhang" title="Abhang">Abhangas</a> are believed to have been formulated during this period.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBobde1987xxii_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBobde1987xxii-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On their return to Pandharpur, Dnyaneshwar and Namadev were honored with a feast in which, according to Bahirat, many contemporary saints such as "Goroba the potter, Sanvata the gardener, Chokhoba the untouchable and Parisa Bhagwat the Brahmin" participated.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDallmayr200746–7_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDallmayr200746–7-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some scholars accept the traditional view that Namdev and Dnyaneshwar were contemporaries; however, others such as W. B. Patwardhan, R. G. Bhandarkar and R. Bharadvaj disagree with this view and date Namdev to the late 14th century instead.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchomerMcLeod1987218_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchomerMcLeod1987218-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the feast, Dnyaneshwar desired to go into <i><a href="/wiki/Samadhi" title="Samadhi">sanjeevan samadhi</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDallmayr200746–7_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDallmayr200746–7-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a practice to voluntarily leave one's mortal body after entering into a deep meditative state, as practiced in Ashtanga Yoga of ancient India.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESharma197913_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESharma197913-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Preparations for the Sanjeevan Samadhi were made by Namdev's sons.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDallmayr200746–7_35-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDallmayr200746–7-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Regarding Sanjeevan Samadhi, Dnyaneshwar himself had emphatically talked about the relationship between higher awareness and light or pure energy.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the 13th day of the dark half of the <a href="/wiki/Kartik_(month)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kartik (month)">Kartik</a> month of the <a href="/wiki/Hindu_Calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu Calendar">Hindu Calendar</a>, in Alandi, Dnyaneshwar, who was then twenty-one years old, entered into <i>Sanjeevan samadhi</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERanade193334_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERanade193334-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His <i><a href="/wiki/Samadhi_(shrine)" title="Samadhi (shrine)">samadhi</a></i> lies in the Siddhesvara Temple complex in Alandi.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERanade193335_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERanade193335-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Namdev and other bystanders grieved his death. According to tradition, Dnyaneshwar was brought back to life to meet Namdev when the latter prayed to <a href="/wiki/Vithoba" title="Vithoba">Vithoba</a> for his return. Dallmayr writes that this testifies to "the immortality of genuine friendship and companionship of noble and loving hearts".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDallmayr200746–7_35-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDallmayr200746–7-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many Varkari devotees believe that Dnyaneshwar is still alive.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENovetzke2009218_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENovetzke2009218-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlushkova2014116_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlushkova2014116-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Miracles">Miracles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dnyaneshwar&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Miracles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dnyaneshwar_humbles_Changdev.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Dnyaneshwar_humbles_Changdev.jpg/220px-Dnyaneshwar_humbles_Changdev.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Dnyaneshwar_humbles_Changdev.jpg/330px-Dnyaneshwar_humbles_Changdev.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Dnyaneshwar_humbles_Changdev.jpg/440px-Dnyaneshwar_humbles_Changdev.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3975" data-file-height="1947" /></a><figcaption>The siblings Muktabai, Sopan, Dnyaneshwar and Nivruttinath seated on the flying wall greet Changdev seated on a tiger. In the centre, Changdev bows to Dnyaneshwar.</figcaption></figure> <p>There are a few stories about miracles came to be associated with Dnyaneshwar's life,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarrisson197639_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarrisson197639-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> one of which was the revival of his disciple Sachchidanand's corpse.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESundararajanMukerji200334_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESundararajanMukerji200334-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fred Dallmyr summarizes one of these legends as follows from the <a href="/wiki/Hagiography" title="Hagiography">hagiography</a> by Mahipati:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDallmayr200744_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDallmayr200744-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At age 12, Dnyaneshwar with his impoverished and outcaste siblings, went to Paithan to plead mercy from Paithan priests. There, they were insulted and ridiculed. As the children were suffering the bullying, on a nearby road was a man who was violently lashing an old buffalo, and the injured animal collapsed in tears. Dnyaneshwar asked the buffalo owner to stop out of concern for the animal. The priests ridiculed him for being more concerned about a beast and unconcerned about the teachings of the Vedas. Dnyaneshwar retorted that the Vedas themselves held all life to be sacred and a manifestation of the <i><a href="/wiki/Brahman" title="Brahman">Brahman</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The outraged priests pointed out that his logic implied that beasts should be able to learn the Vedas as well. An undeterred Dnyaneshwar then placed his hand on the buffalo's forehead and it started reciting a Vedic verse in a deep voice.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDallmayr200744_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDallmayr200744-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/Fred_Dallmayr" title="Fred Dallmayr">Fred Dallmayr</a>, one may not be concerned whether this story accurately reflects Dnyaneshwar's biography, the story does have symbolic significance in the same manner as the story about Jesus in Jerusalem in Matthew 3:9.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDallmayr200744_44-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDallmayr200744-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In another miracle, Dnyaneshwar was challenged by <a href="/wiki/Changdev" class="mw-redirect" title="Changdev">Changdev</a>, an accomplished yogi who rode on a tiger with his magical powers, to replicate this feat. Dnyaneshwar humbled Changdev by riding on a moving wall.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMokashi-Punekar200572_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMokashi-Punekar200572-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrover1990220_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrover1990220-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dnyaneshwar's advice to Changdev was given in 65 verses called the <i>Changdev Pasasthi</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBahirat200615_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBahirat200615-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Changdev became a disciple of Dnyaneshwar's sister Muktabai.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEO'Connell1999260–1_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Connell1999260–1-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Writings">Writings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dnyaneshwar&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Writings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to <a href="/wiki/Bhalchandra_Pandharinath_Bahirat" title="Bhalchandra Pandharinath Bahirat">B. P. Bahirat</a>, Dnyaneshwar was the first known philosopher who wrote in the <a href="/wiki/Marathi_language" title="Marathi language">Marathi language</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBahirat20062–3_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBahirat20062–3-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At about age 16, he composed <a href="/wiki/Dnyaneshwari" title="Dnyaneshwari">Dnyaneshwari</a> in the year 1290,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBahirat200613_30-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBahirat200613-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a commentary on <a href="/wiki/Bhagavad_Gita" title="Bhagavad Gita">Bhagavad Gita</a> which later became a fundamental text of the <a href="/wiki/Varkari" class="mw-redirect" title="Varkari">Varkari</a> sect.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchomerMcLeod19874_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchomerMcLeod19874-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His words were recorded by Sacchidananda, who agreed to become Dnyaneshwar's <a href="/wiki/Amanuensis" title="Amanuensis">amanuensis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERanade193333_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERanade193333-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Dnyaneshwari</i> was written using the <i><a href="/wiki/Ovi_(poetry)" title="Ovi (poetry)">Ovi</a></i>; a <a href="/wiki/Metre_(poetry)" title="Metre (poetry)">metre</a>, which was first used to compose women's songs in Maharashtra, of four lines where the first three or the first and third lines rhyme and the fourth line has a sharp and short ending.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClausDiamondMills2003454–5_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClausDiamondMills2003454–5-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to W. B. Patwardhan, a scholar on Dnyaneshwar, with Dnyaneshwar the <i>ovi</i> "trips, it gallops, it dances, it whirls, it ambles, it trots, it runs, it takes long leaps or short jumps, it halts or sweeps along, it evolves a hundred and one graces at the master's command".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERanade193336_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERanade193336-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Dnyaneshwari, at last he wrote "Pasaayadana" in which he prayed everything for others and all humanity and nothing for himself. Saint Dnyaneshwar himself believed that "The whole world has one soul- या विश्वाचा आत्मा एक आहे". </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatleft" style="width:15em; border-width: 1px; font-size: 85%; color: #202122;background-color: #FFEECC;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <p>O, God! Thou art Ganesha, the illuminator of all intelligence. The servant of Nivritti says, attend to my story. The Vedas in their perfection is as the beautiful image of the god, of which the flawless words are the resplendent body. The Smritis are the limbs thereof, the marking of verses shows their structure, and in the meaning lies a veritable treasure-house of beauty. </p> </blockquote> <div style="padding-bottom: 0; padding-top: 0.5em"><cite class="right-aligned" style="">— <i>Dnyanesvari</i><br />Transl: Pradhan, Lambert<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPradhanLambert19871_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPradhanLambert19871-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div> </div> <p>His first text <i>Dnyanesvari</i> was in the <a href="/wiki/Vernacular" title="Vernacular">vernacular</a> Marathi language, as opposed to the classical Sanskrit language.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBalasubramanian2000545_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBalasubramanian2000545-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He wrote Dnyaneshwari in the Marathi language so that common people could understand philosophical aspects of life which were then understood only by those who knew Sanskrit (i.e. the higher priestly classes). Thus, this was a significant work in Indian history which simplified philosophy to the common man. </p><p>According to Bhagwat, like other Bhakti poets, Dnyaneshwar's choice of the vernacular language was an important departure from the prevailing cultural hegemony of Sanskrit and high–caste Hinduism, a trend which continued with later <i><a href="/wiki/Bhakti" title="Bhakti">bhakti</a></i> poets across India. Dnyaneshwar is to the Marathi literature what Dante is to the Italian, states Bhagwat.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBhagwat200274_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBhagwat200274-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to tradition, Nivruttinath was not satisfied with the commentary and asked Dnyaneshwar to write an independent philosophical work. This work later came to be known as <i>Amrutanubhava</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBahirat200614_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBahirat200614-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERanade193334_33-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERanade193334-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Scholars differ on the chronology of the <i>Dnyaneshwari</i> and <a href="/wiki/Amrutanubhav" title="Amrutanubhav">Amrutanubhav</a>. Patwardhan has argued that <i>Amrutanubhav</i> is an earlier text than <i>Dnyaneshwari</i> because the latter is richer in use of metaphors and imagery, and displays greater familiarity with many different philosophical systems, such as <a href="/wiki/Samkhya" title="Samkhya">Samkhya</a> and <a href="/wiki/R%C4%81ja_yoga" title="Rāja yoga">Yoga</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBahirat200623–4_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBahirat200623–4-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, both Bahirat and Ranade disagree with this view pointing out that in <i>Amrutanubhava</i>, author displays familiarity with involved philosophical concepts such as <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mayavada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mayavada (page does not exist)">Mayavada</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/%C5%9A%C5%ABnyat%C4%81" title="Śūnyatā">Shunyavada</a></i>, and while the text has simpler language, it reveals Dnyaneshwar's "philosophical depth".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBahirat200624–6_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBahirat200624–6-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dnyaneshwar's devotional compositions called <a href="/wiki/Abhang" title="Abhang">Abhangas</a> are believed to have been formulated during his pilgrimage to Pandharpur and other holy places when he got initiated into the Varkari tradition.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBobde1987xxii_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBobde1987xxii-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Influences">Influences</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dnyaneshwar&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Influences"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1224211176"><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:15em; border-width: 1px; font-size: 85%; color: #202122;background-color: #FFEECC;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <p>"Like a good farmer giving up his old business and beginning something new every day, the man overpowered by ignorance installs images of gods, often and again and worships them with the same intensity. He becomes the disciple of the guru who is surrounded by worldly pomp, gets initiated by him and is unwilling to see any other person who has got real spiritual dignity. He is cruel to every being, worships various stone images and has no consistency of heart." </p> </blockquote> <div style="padding-bottom: 0; padding-top: 0.5em"><cite class="right-aligned" style="">—<i>Dnyaneshwari</i><br />Transl: Fred Dallmayr<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDallmayr200746_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDallmayr200746-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div> </div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Mahanubhava" title="Mahanubhava">Mahanubhava</a> sect and the <a href="/wiki/Nath" class="mw-redirect" title="Nath">Nath Yogi</a> tradition were two prominent movements during Dnyaneshwar's time that influenced his works. Mahanubhavas were devotees of Krishna who disregarded the <a href="/wiki/Caste_system_in_India" title="Caste system in India">caste system</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Vedas" title="Vedas">Vedas</a> and the worship of the deity <a href="/wiki/Vithoba" title="Vithoba">Vitthala</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERanade193328_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERanade193328-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dnyaneshwar differed significantly from Mahanubhava's religious precepts.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERanade193328_64-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERanade193328-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His thought was founded on the philosophy of the later Vedic texts such as the <a href="/wiki/Upanishads" title="Upanishads">Upanishads</a> and the <i><a href="/wiki/Bhagavad_Gita" title="Bhagavad Gita">Bhagavad Gita</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERanade193328_64-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERanade193328-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and devotion to <a href="/wiki/Vithoba" title="Vithoba">Vitthala</a> formed the cornerstone of the egalitarian <a href="/wiki/Varkari" class="mw-redirect" title="Varkari">Varkari</a> sect founded by Dnyaneshwar.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGaneshThakkar2005168_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGaneshThakkar2005168-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDhongdeWali20093_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDhongdeWali20093-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the literary style adopted by Mahanubhava writers influenced Dnyaneshwar's works. According to <a href="/wiki/Ramachandra_Dattatrya_Ranade" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramachandra Dattatrya Ranade">R. D. Ranade</a>, Dnyaneshwar "stands to Mahanubhavas just in the same relation which Shakespeare stood to <a href="/wiki/Elizabethan_era" title="Elizabethan era">Elizabethan writers</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERanade193327_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERanade193327-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dnyaneshwar was initiated into the Nath Yogi tradition by his brother Nivruttinath,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBahirat20066_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBahirat20066-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> sometime after the death of their parents;<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERanade193333_31-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERanade193333-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sopana and Muktabai were initiated into the tradition by Dnyaneshwar himself.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESundararajanMukerji200333_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESundararajanMukerji200333-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Founded by <a href="/wiki/Gorakshanath" class="mw-redirect" title="Gorakshanath">Gorakshanath</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Nath Yogi sect had introduced the system of <i><a href="/wiki/Hatha_Yoga" class="mw-redirect" title="Hatha Yoga">Hatha Yoga</a></i>, which emphasised on <a href="/wiki/Asana" title="Asana">yogic poses</a> and physical fitness.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKohn200818_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKohn200818-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gahaninath, a disciple of Gorakshanath, had initiated Nivruttinath into the Nath Yogi tradition.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBahirat20065–6_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBahirat20065–6-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dnyaneshwar's <a href="/wiki/Advaita_Vedanta" title="Advaita Vedanta">non-dualistic</a> philosophy, usage of a vernacular language in his writing and an emphasis on yoga and oneness of <a href="/wiki/Vishnu" title="Vishnu">Vishnu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shiva" title="Shiva">Shiva</a> were his inheritances from the Nath Yogi tradition.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPawar1997352_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPawar1997352-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The values of Universal brotherhood and compassion espoused in his works came from his interactions with the devotional Vitthala sect, a tradition which was already in existence during Dnyaneshwar's time.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPawar1997350–2_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPawar1997350–2-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/J._N._Farquhar" title="J. N. Farquhar">J. N. Farquhar</a> also notes the influence of <i><a href="/wiki/Bhagavata_Purana" title="Bhagavata Purana">Bhagavata Purana</a></i> on Dnyaneshwar's poetry.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFarquhar1984235_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFarquhar1984235-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Philosophy">Philosophy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dnyaneshwar&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Philosophy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ontology_and_epistemology">Ontology and epistemology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dnyaneshwar&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Ontology and epistemology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1224211176"><div class="quotebox pullquote floatleft" style="width:15em; border-width: 1px; font-size: 85%; color: #202122;background-color: #FFEECC;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <p>"It is a pure knowledge itself that is not enlightened by any other knowledge or darkened by ignorance. But can the pure consciousness be conscious of itself? Can the eyeball perceive itself? Can the sky enter into itself? Can the fire burn itself... Therefore, that which is pure consciousness itself, without the quality of being conscious is not conscious of itself. </p> </blockquote> <div style="padding-bottom: 0; padding-top: 0.5em"><cite class="right-aligned" style=""><i>Amrutanubhava</i>.<br />Translator: B.P. Bahirat<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBahirat2006176_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBahirat2006176-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div> </div> <p>Dnyaneshwar takes up the examination of being or brahman<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in <i>Amrutanubhava</i>. He considers being to be the substratum of thought which enables thought and cognition. Since being is prior to thought and concepts, it is distinct from <a href="/wiki/Immanuel_Kant#Categories_of_the_Faculty_of_Understanding" title="Immanuel Kant">Kantian categories</a>, and methods of thought such as epistemological analysis cannot be applied to it.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDallmayr200749–50_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDallmayr200749–50-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dnyaneshwar believes that reality is self–evident and does not require any proof.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBahirat200639_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBahirat200639-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It antedates dualistic divisions into knower and known, existence and nonexistence, subject and object, knowledge and ignorance.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDallmayr200750_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDallmayr200750-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dnyaneshwar highlights the limitations of the traditional epistemological methods (<i>pramanas</i>) used in <a href="/wiki/Indian_philosophy" title="Indian philosophy">Indian philosophy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He points out that any perception is validated only by another deeper understanding, while in establishing the rationality of reason, reason itself is transcended. Dnyaneshwar even cautions against reliance on scriptural testimony, which is accepted as a valid source of knowledge by philosophers of <a href="/wiki/Vedanta" title="Vedanta">Vedanta</a> and <a href="/wiki/M%C4%ABm%C4%81%E1%B9%83s%C4%81" title="Mīmāṃsā">Mīmāṃsā</a> schools of philosophy. Scriptural validity, to him, stems from its congruence with experiential truth and not vice versa.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDallmayr200749–50_77-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDallmayr200749–50-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ethics">Ethics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dnyaneshwar&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Ethics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dnyaneshwar's moral philosophy comes out in his exposition of the 13th of <i>Bhagavad Gita</i>, in his commentary on the book <i>Dnyaneshwari</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERanade193371_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERanade193371-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He considers humility; non–injury in action, thought and words; forbearance in the face of adversity; dispassion towards sensory pleasures; purity of heart and mind; love of solitude and devotion towards one's Guru and God as virtues; and their corresponding moral opposites as vices.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERanade193371–86_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERanade193371–86-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A pessimistic view of one's life is considered as a necessary condition for spiritual growth in <i>Dnyaneshwari</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERanade193380_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERanade193380-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dnyaneshwar writes that saints do not perceive distinctions and are humble because they identify all objects, animate or inanimate, with their own <a href="/wiki/%C4%80tman_(Hinduism)" title="Ātman (Hinduism)">Self</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERanade193372_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERanade193372-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Devotion to Guru occupies an important place throughout the commentary. Many of its chapters begin with an invocation to his Guru <a href="/wiki/Nivruttinath" title="Nivruttinath">Nivruttinath</a>, who is eulogized by Dnyaneshwar as the person who helped him "cross the ocean of existence".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERanade193348–50,_75_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERanade193348–50,_75-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The discussion on virtue and vices continues in his elucidation of the 16th chapter of <i>Bhagavad Gita</i>, where virtues and vices are called divine heritages and demonic heritages respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERanade193386_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERanade193386-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Divine heritage comprises fearlessness, which comes from a belief in unity of all objects; charity; sacrifice,<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>f<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which comes from performing one's duties and compassion in addition to virtues already enumerated;<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERanade193386–91_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERanade193386–91-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while demonic heritage consists of six vices— ignorance, anger, arrogance, hypocrisy, harshness and pride.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERanade193391_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERanade193391-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1765_Saka,_1843_CE,_Jnanesvari_Jnandeva_Dnyaneshwar_manuscript_page_1_and_2,_Devanagari_Marathi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/1765_Saka%2C_1843_CE%2C_Jnanesvari_Jnandeva_Dnyaneshwar_manuscript_page_1_and_2%2C_Devanagari_Marathi.jpg/220px-1765_Saka%2C_1843_CE%2C_Jnanesvari_Jnandeva_Dnyaneshwar_manuscript_page_1_and_2%2C_Devanagari_Marathi.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="269" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/1765_Saka%2C_1843_CE%2C_Jnanesvari_Jnandeva_Dnyaneshwar_manuscript_page_1_and_2%2C_Devanagari_Marathi.jpg/330px-1765_Saka%2C_1843_CE%2C_Jnanesvari_Jnandeva_Dnyaneshwar_manuscript_page_1_and_2%2C_Devanagari_Marathi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/1765_Saka%2C_1843_CE%2C_Jnanesvari_Jnandeva_Dnyaneshwar_manuscript_page_1_and_2%2C_Devanagari_Marathi.jpg/440px-1765_Saka%2C_1843_CE%2C_Jnanesvari_Jnandeva_Dnyaneshwar_manuscript_page_1_and_2%2C_Devanagari_Marathi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1694" data-file-height="2074" /></a><figcaption>Dnyaneshwar's ideas are based on the <i><a href="/wiki/Bhagavad_Gita" title="Bhagavad Gita">Bhagavad Gita</a></i>. Above: <i>Dnyaneshwari</i> pages in Devanagari script, Marathi language.</figcaption></figure> <p>The doctrine of <a href="/wiki/Karma_Yoga" class="mw-redirect" title="Karma Yoga">Karma Yoga</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Bhagavad_Gita" title="Bhagavad Gita">Bhagavad Gita</a> is resurrected in <i>Dnyaneshwari</i> and its utility as a means of achieving actionlessness through action and in establishing harmony between the two is examined.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERanade193398–100_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERanade193398–100-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the fourth chapter, the ideal <i>karma yogi</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s actions are compared to the apparent movement of the Sun, which <a href="/wiki/Heliocentrism#India" title="Heliocentrism">while appearing to rise and set is actually stationary</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>g<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> similarly, a <i>karma yogi</i>, though appears to act, doesn't really act.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERanade193398_93-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERanade193398-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Performance of one's duties, acting without egoism, renunciation of the fruits of one's actions and offering one's actions to God are four ways which, according to Dnyaneshwar, result in actionlessness and <a href="/wiki/Self-realization" title="Self-realization">Self–realisation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERanade1933101–2_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERanade1933101–2-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dnyaneshwar's metaphysical conclusion that the world is a manifestation of the divine, and not an illusion, also creates an ethical framework which rejects renunciation and recommends performing one's duties and actions in the spirit of worship.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBahirat2006143–4_96-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBahirat2006143–4-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Traditional Indian scriptures see <i><a href="/wiki/%E1%B9%9Ata" title="Ṛta">Ṛta</a></i>, a Hindu theological term similar to <i><a href="/wiki/Dharma" title="Dharma">dharma</a></i>, as a natural law that governs both the cosmos and human society. Performance of one's duties to uphold social institutions, such as marriage and family, thus becomes imperative, and duty overrides individual freedom.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPrasad2009376–7_97-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPrasad2009376–7-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dnyaneshwar is in agreement with tradition; he believes that divine order and moral order are one and the same and are inherent in the universe itself. He, therefore, recommends that all social institutions be protected and preserved in their totality. However, when it comes to the institution of caste, his approach becomes more humanitarian and he advocates spiritual egalitarianism.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPrasad2009377–8_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPrasad2009377–8-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reception_and_legacy">Reception and legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dnyaneshwar&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Reception and legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alandi_Palki_08.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Alandi_Palki_08.jpg/220px-Alandi_Palki_08.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Alandi_Palki_08.jpg/330px-Alandi_Palki_08.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Alandi_Palki_08.jpg/440px-Alandi_Palki_08.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="900" /></a><figcaption>Dnyaneshwar's palkhi (palanquin), carrying the sandals of the saint, in a silver cart pulled by <a href="/wiki/Ox" title="Ox">Oxen</a> on a journey from Alandi to Pandharpur.</figcaption></figure> <p>Elements of Dnyaneshwar's life and writings, such as his criticism of parochialism of the priestly elite, a celebration of the family life and spiritual egalitarianism, would shape the culture of the <a href="/wiki/Varkari" class="mw-redirect" title="Varkari">Varkari</a> movement.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDallmayr200754_100-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDallmayr200754-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Dallmayr, Dnyaneshwar's life and writings have "developed into primary exemplars of genuine religiosity for the Varkari movement, as well as crucial sources and focal points of <i>bhakti</i> devotion".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDallmayr200754_100-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDallmayr200754-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Devotees of the Varkari sect in the Hindu Shaka month of <a href="/wiki/Ashadh" class="mw-redirect" title="Ashadh">Ashadh</a> join an annual pilgrimage called the <a href="/wiki/Pandharpur_Wari" title="Pandharpur Wari">Wari</a> with symbolic Sandals (called Paduka in Marathi) of Dynaneshwar carried in a palkhi from Dnyaneshwar's shrine in Alandi to the Vitthala temple in Pandharpur .<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i>Padukas</i> (sandals) of Dnyaneshwar are carried in a <i><a href="/wiki/Palkhi" class="mw-redirect" title="Palkhi">Palkhi</a></i> (palanquin) for the Dnyaneshwar inspired works of later poet-saints of the Varkari movement. </p><p>His philosophy of <i>chidvilas</i> was adapted by Varkari writers, such as Namdev and <a href="/wiki/Eknath" title="Eknath">Eknath</a>, to their own works. <i>Amrutanubhava</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s influence is visible in Eknath's <i>Hastamalak</i> and <i>Swatmsukha</i>. <a href="/wiki/Tukaram" title="Tukaram">Tukaram</a>'s works imbibe and explain Dnyaneshwar's philosophical concepts such as the refutation of <i>Mayavada</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBahirat2006144–5_102-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBahirat2006144–5-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dnyaneshwar&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A 1940 <a href="/wiki/Marathi_people" title="Marathi people">Marathi</a> film, <a href="/wiki/Sant_Dnyaneshwar_(film)" title="Sant Dnyaneshwar (film)">Sant Dnyaneshwar</a>, directed by Vishnupant Govind Damle and Sheikh Fattelal, was a biopic on Sant Dnyaneshwar's life. Since 2021, a Marathi language TV serial named 'Dnyaneshwar Mauli' is airing on the <a href="/wiki/Sony_Marathi" title="Sony Marathi">Sony Marathi</a> channel.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works">Works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dnyaneshwar&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Undisputed authorship</b><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPawar1997353_103-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPawar1997353-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDatta19881848_104-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDatta19881848-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><i>Dnyaneshwari</i> or <i>Bhavarthdipika</i> (1290 CE)</li> <li><i>Amrutanubhava</i> or <i>Anubhavamrita</i> (1292 CE)</li> <li><i>Changdev Pasashti</i> (1294 CE)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Haripath" title="Haripath">Haripath</a></i></li> <li><i>Abhanga</i>s</li></ul> <p><b>Works attributed to Dnyaneshwar</b><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESundararajanMukerji200334–5_105-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESundararajanMukerji200334–5-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Commentary on <i><a href="/wiki/Yoga_Vasistha" title="Yoga Vasistha">Yoga Vasistha</a></i></li> <li><i>Pavana-Vijaya</i></li> <li><i>Pancikarana</i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dnyaneshwar&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhakti_movement" title="Bhakti movement">Bhakti movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chokhamela" title="Chokhamela">Chokhamela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eknath" title="Eknath">Eknath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janabai" title="Janabai">Janabai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muktabai" title="Muktabai">Muktabai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namdev" title="Namdev">Namdev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nivruttinath" title="Nivruttinath">Nivruttinath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandharpur_Wari" title="Pandharpur Wari">Pandharpur Wari</a> – the largest annual pilgrimage in Maharashtra that includes a ceremonial <i><a href="/wiki/Palkhi" class="mw-redirect" title="Palkhi">Palkhi</a></i> of Tukaram and Dnyaneshwar.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sant_Mat" title="Sant Mat">Sant Mat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sant_Soyarabai" title="Sant Soyarabai">Sant Soyarabai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopan" title="Sopan">Sopan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tukaram" title="Tukaram">Tukaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulabrao_Maharaj" title="Gulabrao Maharaj">Sant Gulabrao Maharaj</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dnyaneshwar&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Notes</b> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">According to Jeaneane D. Fowler, former Head of Philosophy and Religious Studies at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Wales" title="University of Wales">University of Wales</a>, <i>brahman</i> is the "ultimate Reality, the Source from which all emanates, the unchanging absolute".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFowler200249_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFowler200249-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The story of the holy man riding a tiger /lion and the other encountering him on a moving wall has been found in many other religions including Buddhism, Sikhism, and the Abrahamic religions as well.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Matsyendranath" class="mw-redirect" title="Matsyendranath">Matsyendranath</a> is often called the founder of the Nath Yogi sect. However, his historicity is uncertain.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBahirat20066_68-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBahirat20066-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Amrutanubhav</i> doesn't explicitly use the word <i>brahman</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDallmayr200749_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDallmayr200749-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sense–perception (<i>pratyaksha</i>), inference (<i>anumana</i>), scriptural testimony (<i>shabda</i>), analogy (<i>upamana</i>), presumption (<i>arthapatti</i>) and non–apprehension (<i>anupaladbdhi</i>) are the six sources of knowledge accepted to varying degrees in various schools of Indian philosophy.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBahirat200637_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBahirat200637-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">According to Dnyaneshwar, true sacrifice is one in which there is no yearning for results of one's actions and in which the <i>sattva</i> dominates.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERanade193394–5_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERanade193394–5-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ranade is struck by the reference to the heliocentric model in <i>Dnyaneshwari</i>. He writes that "It is a matter of great astronomic interest that this mystic philosopher should have put forth a heliocentric theory at a time when heliocentrism was hardly recognized in Europe. This is, however, by the bye.".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERanade193398_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERanade193398-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p><b>Citations</b> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBerntsen1988143-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBerntsen1988143_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBerntsen1988">Berntsen & 1988</a>, p. 143.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMokashi198739-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMokashi198739_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMokashi1987">Mokashi 1987</a>, p. 39.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFDoderet1926" class="citation journal cs1">Doderet, W. (1926). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/607401">"The Passive Voice of the Jnanesvari"</a>. <i>Bulletin of the School of Oriental Studies, University of London</i>. <b>4</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">59–</span>64. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1356-1898">1356-1898</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+School+of+Oriental+Studies%2C+University+of+London&rft.atitle=The+Passive+Voice+of+the+Jnanesvari&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E59-%3C%2Fspan%3E64&rft.date=1926&rft.issn=1356-1898&rft.aulast=Doderet&rft.aufirst=W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F607401&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADnyaneshwar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERanade193331–34-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERanade193331–34_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRanade1933">Ranade 1933</a>, pp. 31–34.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFD._C._Sircar1996" class="citation book cs1">D. C. Sircar (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hXMB3649biQC"><i>Indian Epigraphy</i></a>. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. <span class="nowrap">53–</span>54. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-208-1166-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-208-1166-9"><bdi>978-81-208-1166-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Indian+Epigraphy&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E53-%3C%2Fspan%3E54&rft.pub=Motilal+Banarsidass&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-81-208-1166-9&rft.au=D.+C.+Sircar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhXMB3649biQC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADnyaneshwar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPawar1997352-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPawar1997352_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPawar1997352_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPawar1997352_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPawar1997352_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPawar1997">Pawar 1997</a>, p. 352.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJ._Gordon_Melton2011" class="citation book cs1">J. Gordon Melton (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lD_2J7W_2hQC"><i>Religious Celebrations: An Encyclopedia of Holidays, Festivals, Solemn Observances, and Spiritual Commemorations</i></a>. ABC-CLIO. pp. <span class="nowrap">373–</span>374. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59884-206-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59884-206-7"><bdi>978-1-59884-206-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Religious+Celebrations%3A+An+Encyclopedia+of+Holidays%2C+Festivals%2C+Solemn+Observances%2C+and+Spiritual+Commemorations&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E373-%3C%2Fspan%3E374&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-59884-206-7&rft.au=J.+Gordon+Melton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlD_2J7W_2hQC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADnyaneshwar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFR._D._Ranade1997" class="citation book cs1">R. D. Ranade (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZOWIAwAAQBAJ"><i>Tukaram</i></a>. State University of New York Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">9–</span>11. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4384-1687-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4384-1687-8"><bdi>978-1-4384-1687-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tukaram&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E9-%3C%2Fspan%3E11&rft.pub=State+University+of+New+York+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-1-4384-1687-8&rft.au=R.+D.+Ranade&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZOWIAwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADnyaneshwar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dqC_pGtqPBkC&pg=PA39"><i>Living Through the Blitz</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. 1976. p. 39. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780002160094" title="Special:BookSources/9780002160094"><bdi>9780002160094</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Living+Through+the+Blitz&rft.pages=39&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1976&rft.isbn=9780002160094&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdqC_pGtqPBkC%26pg%3DPA39&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADnyaneshwar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKarhadkar1976" class="citation journal cs1">Karhadkar, K.S. (1976). "Dnyaneshwar and Marathi Literature". <i>Indian Literature</i>. <b>19</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">90–</span>96. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/24157251">24157251</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Indian+Literature&rft.atitle=Dnyaneshwar+and+Marathi+Literature&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E90-%3C%2Fspan%3E96&rft.date=1976&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F24157251%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Karhadkar&rft.aufirst=K.S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADnyaneshwar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBahirat20061-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBahirat20061_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBahirat20061_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBahirat2006">Bahirat 2006</a>, p. 1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBahirat20062-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBahirat20062_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBahirat2006">Bahirat 2006</a>, p. 2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPradhanLambert1987xiv–xvi-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPradhanLambert1987xiv–xvi_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPradhanLambert1987">Pradhan & Lambert 1987</a>, pp. xiv–xvi.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBahirat20068-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBahirat20068_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBahirat2006">Bahirat 2006</a>, p. 8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERanade193331-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERanade193331_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRanade1933">Ranade 1933</a>, p. 31.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERanade193331–2-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERanade193331–2_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRanade1933">Ranade 1933</a>, p. 31–2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPradhanLambert1987xv-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPradhanLambert1987xv_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPradhanLambert1987xv_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPradhanLambert1987">Pradhan & Lambert 1987</a>, p. xv.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERanade193331–32-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERanade193331–32_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRanade1933">Ranade 1933</a>, pp. 31–32.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDallmayr200746-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDallmayr200746_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDallmayr200746_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDallmayr2007">Dallmayr 2007</a>, p. 46.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAttwood1992333-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAttwood1992333_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAttwood1992">Attwood 1992</a>, p. 333.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERanade193330-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERanade193330_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERanade193330_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRanade1933">Ranade 1933</a>, p. 30.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBahirat20069-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBahirat20069_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBahirat2006">Bahirat 2006</a>, p. 9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPradhanLambert1987xvi-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPradhanLambert1987xvi_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPradhanLambert1987">Pradhan & Lambert 1987</a>, p. xvi.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFM2010" class="citation book cs1">M, Sri (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/the-journey-continues-a-sequel-to-apprentice-to-a-himalayan-master_202011/Apprenticed%20to%20a%20Himalayan%20Master_Sri%20M.%20%20%2831-M.B%29/page/n209/mode/1up"><i>The Journey Continues A Sequel To Apprentice To A Himalayan Master</i></a> (4 ed.). Karnataka: Magenta Press. p. 210. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789382585862" title="Special:BookSources/9789382585862"><bdi>9789382585862</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Journey+Continues+A+Sequel+To+Apprentice+To+A+Himalayan+Master&rft.place=Karnataka&rft.pages=210&rft.edition=4&rft.pub=Magenta+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9789382585862&rft.aulast=M&rft.aufirst=Sri&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fthe-journey-continues-a-sequel-to-apprentice-to-a-himalayan-master_202011%2FApprenticed%2520to%2520a%2520Himalayan%2520Master_Sri%2520M.%2520%2520%252831-M.B%2529%2Fpage%2Fn209%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADnyaneshwar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDubey2020" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Dubey, Shivnath (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.exoticindiaart.com/book/details/bhagavana-nama-mahima-aur-prathana-anka-special-issue-of-hindi-magazine-kalyan-on-glory-of-divine-name-and-prayer-nza127/"><i>Bhagvan Naam Mahima Aur Prarthana Ank</i></a> (in Hindi) (7th ed.). Gita Press Gorakhpur. p. 310.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bhagvan+Naam+Mahima+Aur+Prarthana+Ank&rft.pages=310&rft.edition=7th&rft.pub=Gita+Press+Gorakhpur&rft.date=2020&rft.aulast=Dubey&rft.aufirst=Shivnath&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.exoticindiaart.com%2Fbook%2Fdetails%2Fbhagavana-nama-mahima-aur-prathana-anka-special-issue-of-hindi-magazine-kalyan-on-glory-of-divine-name-and-prayer-nza127%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADnyaneshwar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAshoka2008" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Ashoka, Surya (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dli.AMRIT_VANI/page/n34/mode/1up"><i>Amrit Vani</i></a> (in Marathi) (1st ed.). Kochi: Shenoy Prakashan. p. 34.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Amrit+Vani&rft.place=Kochi&rft.pages=34&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Shenoy+Prakashan&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Ashoka&rft.aufirst=Surya&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdli.AMRIT_VANI%2Fpage%2Fn34%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADnyaneshwar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESundararajanMukerji200333-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESundararajanMukerji200333_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESundararajanMukerji200333_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSundararajanMukerji2003">Sundararajan & Mukerji 2003</a>, p. 33.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBahirat200612-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBahirat200612_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBahirat2006">Bahirat 2006</a>, p. 12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPradhanLambert1987xvi–xvii-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPradhanLambert1987xvi–xvii_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPradhanLambert1987xvi–xvii_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPradhanLambert1987xvi–xvii_29-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPradhanLambert1987">Pradhan & Lambert 1987</a>, pp. xvi–xvii.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBahirat200613-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBahirat200613_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBahirat200613_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBahirat200613_30-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBahirat2006">Bahirat 2006</a>, p. 13.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERanade193333-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERanade193333_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERanade193333_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERanade193333_31-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRanade1933">Ranade 1933</a>, p. 33.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlushkova2014110-120-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlushkova2014110-120_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGlushkova2014">Glushkova 2014</a>, p. 110-120.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERanade193334-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERanade193334_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERanade193334_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERanade193334_33-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRanade1933">Ranade 1933</a>, p. 34.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBobde1987xxii-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBobde1987xxii_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBobde1987xxii_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBobde1987">Bobde 1987</a>, p. xxii.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDallmayr200746–7-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDallmayr200746–7_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDallmayr200746–7_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDallmayr200746–7_35-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDallmayr200746–7_35-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDallmayr2007">Dallmayr 2007</a>, pp. 46–7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESchomerMcLeod1987218-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchomerMcLeod1987218_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSchomerMcLeod1987">Schomer & McLeod 1987</a>, p. 218.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESharma197913-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESharma197913_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSharma1979">Sharma 1979</a>, p. 13.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yogapoint.com/info/samadhi.htm">"Samadhi - State of self realization, enlightenment"</a>. <i>Yogapoint.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Yogapoint.com&rft.atitle=Samadhi+-+State+of+self+realization%2C+enlightenment&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yogapoint.com%2Finfo%2Fsamadhi.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADnyaneshwar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERanade193335-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERanade193335_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRanade1933">Ranade 1933</a>, p. 35.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENovetzke2009218-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENovetzke2009218_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNovetzke2009">Novetzke 2009</a>, p. 218.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlushkova2014116-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlushkova2014116_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGlushkova2014">Glushkova 2014</a>, p. 116.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarrisson197639-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarrisson197639_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHarrisson1976">Harrisson 1976</a>, p. 39.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESundararajanMukerji200334-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESundararajanMukerji200334_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSundararajanMukerji2003">Sundararajan & Mukerji 2003</a>, p. 34.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDallmayr200744-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDallmayr200744_44-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDallmayr200744_44-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDallmayr200744_44-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDallmayr2007">Dallmayr 2007</a>, p. 44.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFowler200249-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFowler200249_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFowler2002">Fowler 2002</a>, p. 49.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMokashi-Punekar200572-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMokashi-Punekar200572_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMokashi-Punekar2005">Mokashi-Punekar 2005</a>, p. 72.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrover1990220-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrover1990220_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGrover1990">Grover 1990</a>, p. 220.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDigby1994" class="citation book cs1">Digby, Simon (1994). Callewaert, Winand M. (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GrMwdEqHLzEC&q=%22moving+wall%22+tiger&pg=PA99"><i>According to tradition : hagiographical writing in India, Chapter To ride a tiger or a wall</i></a>. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. pp. <span class="nowrap">100–</span>110. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783447035248" title="Special:BookSources/9783447035248"><bdi>9783447035248</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=According+to+tradition+%3A+hagiographical+writing+in+India%2C+Chapter+To+ride+a+tiger+or+a+wall&rft.place=Wiesbaden&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E100-%3C%2Fspan%3E110&rft.pub=Harrassowitz&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=9783447035248&rft.aulast=Digby&rft.aufirst=Simon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGrMwdEqHLzEC%26q%3D%2522moving%2Bwall%2522%2Btiger%26pg%3DPA99&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADnyaneshwar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBahirat200615-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBahirat200615_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBahirat2006">Bahirat 2006</a>, p. 15.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Connell1999260–1-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEO'Connell1999260–1_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFO'Connell1999">O'Connell 1999</a>, pp. 260–1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBahirat20062–3-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBahirat20062–3_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBahirat2006">Bahirat 2006</a>, pp. 2–3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShri_Jnāneshvar1987" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Shri Jnāneshvar (1987). Lambert, H.M. (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Xxg0RI7dSWIC"><i>Jnāneshvari : Bhāvārthadipikā</i></a> (in Marathi). Pradhān, V.G.(translator). Albany, N.Y.: State University of New York Press. p. xvii. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0887064883" title="Special:BookSources/978-0887064883"><bdi>978-0887064883</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jn%C4%81neshvari+%3A+Bh%C4%81v%C4%81rthadipik%C4%81&rft.place=Albany%2C+N.Y.&rft.pages=xvii&rft.pub=State+University+of+New+York+Press&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=978-0887064883&rft.au=Shri+Jn%C4%81neshvar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXxg0RI7dSWIC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADnyaneshwar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESchomerMcLeod19874-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchomerMcLeod19874_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSchomerMcLeod1987">Schomer & McLeod 1987</a>, p. 4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEClausDiamondMills2003454–5-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClausDiamondMills2003454–5_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFClausDiamondMills2003">Claus, Diamond & Mills 2003</a>, pp. 454–5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERanade193336-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERanade193336_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRanade1933">Ranade 1933</a>, p. 36.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPradhanLambert19871-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPradhanLambert19871_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPradhanLambert1987">Pradhan & Lambert 1987</a>, p. 1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBalasubramanian2000545-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBalasubramanian2000545_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBalasubramanian2000">Balasubramanian 2000</a>, p. 545.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBhagwat200274-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBhagwat200274_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBhagwat2002">Bhagwat 2002</a>, p. 74.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBahirat200614-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBahirat200614_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBahirat2006">Bahirat 2006</a>, p. 14.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBahirat200623–4-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBahirat200623–4_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBahirat2006">Bahirat 2006</a>, p. 23–4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBahirat200624–6-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBahirat200624–6_63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBahirat2006">Bahirat 2006</a>, p. 24–6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERanade193328-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERanade193328_64-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERanade193328_64-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERanade193328_64-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRanade1933">Ranade 1933</a>, p. 28.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGaneshThakkar2005168-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGaneshThakkar2005168_65-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGaneshThakkar2005">Ganesh & Thakkar 2005</a>, p. 168.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDhongdeWali20093-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDhongdeWali20093_66-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDhongdeWali2009">Dhongde & Wali 2009</a>, p. 3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERanade193327-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERanade193327_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRanade1933">Ranade 1933</a>, p. 27.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBahirat20066-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBahirat20066_68-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBahirat20066_68-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBahirat2006">Bahirat 2006</a>, p. 6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKohn200818-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKohn200818_70-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKohn2008">Kohn 2008</a>, p. 18.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBahirat20065–6-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBahirat20065–6_71-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBahirat2006">Bahirat 2006</a>, pp. 5–6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPawar1997350–2-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPawar1997350–2_72-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPawar1997">Pawar 1997</a>, pp. 350–2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFarquhar1984235-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFarquhar1984235_73-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFarquhar1984">Farquhar 1984</a>, p. 235.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBahirat2006176-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBahirat2006176_74-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBahirat2006">Bahirat 2006</a>, p. 176.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDallmayr200749-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDallmayr200749_75-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDallmayr2007">Dallmayr 2007</a>, p. 49.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDallmayr200749–50-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDallmayr200749–50_77-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDallmayr200749–50_77-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDallmayr2007">Dallmayr 2007</a>, pp. 49–50.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBahirat200639-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBahirat200639_78-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBahirat2006">Bahirat 2006</a>, p. 39.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDallmayr200750-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDallmayr200750_79-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDallmayr2007">Dallmayr 2007</a>, p. 50.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBahirat200637-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBahirat200637_80-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBahirat2006">Bahirat 2006</a>, p. 37.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERanade193371-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERanade193371_82-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRanade1933">Ranade 1933</a>, p. 71.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERanade193371–86-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERanade193371–86_83-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRanade1933">Ranade 1933</a>, pp. 71–86.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERanade193380-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERanade193380_84-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRanade1933">Ranade 1933</a>, p. 80.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERanade193372-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERanade193372_85-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRanade1933">Ranade 1933</a>, p. 72.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERanade193348–50,_75-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERanade193348–50,_75_86-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRanade1933">Ranade 1933</a>, pp. 48–50, 75.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERanade193386-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERanade193386_87-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRanade1933">Ranade 1933</a>, p. 86.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERanade193394–5-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERanade193394–5_88-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRanade1933">Ranade 1933</a>, pp. 94–5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERanade193386–91-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERanade193386–91_90-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRanade1933">Ranade 1933</a>, pp. 86–91.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERanade193391-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERanade193391_91-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRanade1933">Ranade 1933</a>, p. 91.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERanade193398–100-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERanade193398–100_92-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRanade1933">Ranade 1933</a>, pp. 98–100.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERanade193398-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERanade193398_93-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERanade193398_93-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRanade1933">Ranade 1933</a>, p. 98.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERanade1933101–2-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERanade1933101–2_95-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRanade1933">Ranade 1933</a>, pp. 101–2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBahirat2006143–4-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBahirat2006143–4_96-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBahirat2006">Bahirat 2006</a>, pp. 143–4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPrasad2009376–7-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPrasad2009376–7_97-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPrasad2009">Prasad 2009</a>, pp. 376–7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPrasad2009377–8-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPrasad2009377–8_98-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPrasad2009">Prasad 2009</a>, pp. 377–8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Glushkova, Irina. "6 Object of worship as a free choice." Objects of Worship in South Asian Religions: Forms, Practices and Meanings 13 (2014).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDallmayr200754-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDallmayr200754_100-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDallmayr200754_100-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDallmayr2007">Dallmayr 2007</a>, p. 54.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPerur2014" class="citation news cs1">Perur, Srinath (5 July 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehindu.com/features/magazine/the-road-to-pandharpur/article6180421.ece">"The road to Pandharpur"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hindu" title="The Hindu">The Hindu</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 April</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=The+road+to+Pandharpur&rft.date=2014-07-05&rft.aulast=Perur&rft.aufirst=Srinath&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Ffeatures%2Fmagazine%2Fthe-road-to-pandharpur%2Farticle6180421.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADnyaneshwar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBahirat2006144–5-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBahirat2006144–5_102-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBahirat2006">Bahirat 2006</a>, pp. 144–5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPawar1997353-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPawar1997353_103-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPawar1997">Pawar 1997</a>, p. 353.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDatta19881848-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDatta19881848_104-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDatta1988">Datta 1988</a>, p. 1848.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESundararajanMukerji200334–5-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESundararajanMukerji200334–5_105-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSundararajanMukerji2003">Sundararajan & Mukerji 2003</a>, pp. 34–5.</span> </li> </ol></div> <p><b>Bibliography</b> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 40em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAttwood1992" class="citation cs2">Attwood, Donald W. (1992), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=S0UfAQAAIAAJ"><i>Raising cane: the political economy of sugar in western India</i></a>, Westview Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8133-1287-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8133-1287-3"><bdi>978-0-8133-1287-3</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Raising+cane%3A+the+political+economy+of+sugar+in+western+India&rft.pub=Westview+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-8133-1287-3&rft.aulast=Attwood&rft.aufirst=Donald+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DS0UfAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADnyaneshwar" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBahirat2006" class="citation cs2">Bahirat, B. P. (2006), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jJhJ6LuURz4C&pg=PA1"><i>The Saint heritage of India</i></a>, Cosmo Publications, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-307-0124-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-307-0124-0"><bdi>978-81-307-0124-0</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Saint+heritage+of+India&rft.pub=Cosmo+Publications&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-81-307-0124-0&rft.aulast=Bahirat&rft.aufirst=B.+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjJhJ6LuURz4C%26pg%3DPA1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADnyaneshwar" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBalasubramanian2000" class="citation cs2">Balasubramanian, R. (2000), "2", <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Pe3sAAAAIAAJ"><i>Advaita Vedānta</i></a>, vol. 2, Project of History of Indian Science Philosophy and Culture, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-87586-04-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-87586-04-3"><bdi>978-81-87586-04-3</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=2&rft.btitle=Advaita+Ved%C4%81nta&rft.pub=Project+of+History+of+Indian+Science+Philosophy+and+Culture&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-81-87586-04-3&rft.aulast=Balasubramanian&rft.aufirst=R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPe3sAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADnyaneshwar" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerntsen1988" class="citation cs2">Berntsen, Maxine (1988), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7PDr-QF4YmYC&pg=PA143"><i>The Experience of Hinduism: Essays on Religion in Maharashtra</i></a>, SUNY Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-88706-662-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-88706-662-7"><bdi>978-0-88706-662-7</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Experience+of+Hinduism%3A+Essays+on+Religion+in+Maharashtra&rft.pub=SUNY+Press&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-0-88706-662-7&rft.aulast=Berntsen&rft.aufirst=Maxine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7PDr-QF4YmYC%26pg%3DPA143&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADnyaneshwar" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBobde1987" class="citation cs2">Bobde, P. V. (1987), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xoxH5uVBUqkC"><i>Garland of Divine Flowers: Selected Devotional Lyrics of Saint Jnanesvara</i></a>, Motilal Banarsidass, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-208-0390-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-208-0390-9"><bdi>978-81-208-0390-9</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Garland+of+Divine+Flowers%3A+Selected+Devotional+Lyrics+of+Saint+Jnanesvara&rft.pub=Motilal+Banarsidass&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=978-81-208-0390-9&rft.aulast=Bobde&rft.aufirst=P.+V.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxoxH5uVBUqkC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADnyaneshwar" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCashman1975" class="citation cs2">Cashman, Richard I. (1975), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=905gbgzGN1EC&pg=PA12"><i>The Myth of the Lokamanya: Tilak and Mass Politics in Maharashtra</i></a>, University of California Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-02407-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-02407-6"><bdi>978-0-520-02407-6</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Myth+of+the+Lokamanya%3A+Tilak+and+Mass+Politics+in+Maharashtra&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=978-0-520-02407-6&rft.aulast=Cashman&rft.aufirst=Richard+I.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D905gbgzGN1EC%26pg%3DPA12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADnyaneshwar" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClausDiamondMills2003" class="citation cs2">Claus, Peter J.; Diamond, Sarah; Mills, Margaret Ann (2003), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ienxrTPHzzwC&pg=PA455"><i>South Asian Folklore: An Encyclopedia : Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka</i></a>, Taylor & Francis, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-93919-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-93919-5"><bdi>978-0-415-93919-5</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=South+Asian+Folklore%3A+An+Encyclopedia+%3A+Afghanistan%2C+Bangladesh%2C+India%2C+Nepal%2C+Pakistan%2C+Sri+Lanka&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-415-93919-5&rft.aulast=Claus&rft.aufirst=Peter+J.&rft.au=Diamond%2C+Sarah&rft.au=Mills%2C+Margaret+Ann&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DienxrTPHzzwC%26pg%3DPA455&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADnyaneshwar" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDallmayr2007" class="citation cs2">Dallmayr, Fred (2007), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uQ1JrtMJmbMC&pg=PT74"><i>In Search of the Good Life: A Pedogogy for Troubled Times</i></a>, University Press of Kentucky, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8131-3858-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8131-3858-9"><bdi>978-0-8131-3858-9</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=In+Search+of+the+Good+Life%3A+A+Pedogogy+for+Troubled+Times&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Kentucky&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-8131-3858-9&rft.aulast=Dallmayr&rft.aufirst=Fred&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuQ1JrtMJmbMC%26pg%3DPT74&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADnyaneshwar" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDatta1988" class="citation cs2">Datta, Amaresh (1988), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zB4n3MVozbUC&pg=PA1848"><i>Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature</i></a>, Sahitya Akademi, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-260-1194-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-260-1194-0"><bdi>978-81-260-1194-0</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+of+Indian+Literature&rft.pub=Sahitya+Akademi&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-81-260-1194-0&rft.aulast=Datta&rft.aufirst=Amaresh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzB4n3MVozbUC%26pg%3DPA1848&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADnyaneshwar" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDe_SmetMalkovsky2000" class="citation cs2">De Smet, Richard V.; Malkovsky, Bradley J. (2000), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JugqR3unjB4C&pg=PA123"><i>New Perspectives on Advaita Vedānta: Essays in Commemoration of Professor Richard De Smet, S.J.</i></a>, BRILL, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-04-11666-4" title="Special:BookSources/90-04-11666-4"><bdi>90-04-11666-4</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=New+Perspectives+on+Advaita+Ved%C4%81nta%3A+Essays+in+Commemoration+of+Professor+Richard+De+Smet%2C+S.J.&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=90-04-11666-4&rft.aulast=De+Smet&rft.aufirst=Richard+V.&rft.au=Malkovsky%2C+Bradley+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJugqR3unjB4C%26pg%3DPA123&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADnyaneshwar" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBhagwat2002" class="citation cs2">Bhagwat, R.K (2002), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FMF2PL7HgeEC&pg=PA74"><i>Indian Literary Criticism: Theory and Interpretation (Editor: G.N. Devy)</i></a>, Orient Blackswan, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-250-2022-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-250-2022-6"><bdi>978-81-250-2022-6</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Indian+Literary+Criticism%3A+Theory+and+Interpretation+%28Editor%3A+G.N.+Devy%29&rft.pub=Orient+Blackswan&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-81-250-2022-6&rft.aulast=Bhagwat&rft.aufirst=R.K&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFMF2PL7HgeEC%26pg%3DPA74&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADnyaneshwar" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDhongdeWali2009" class="citation cs2">Dhongde, Ramesh Vaman; Wali, Kashi (2009), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jVc6AAAAQBAJ&pg=PA3"><i>Marathi</i></a>, John Benjamins Publishing Company, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-272-8883-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-272-8883-7"><bdi>978-90-272-8883-7</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Marathi&rft.pub=John+Benjamins+Publishing+Company&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-90-272-8883-7&rft.aulast=Dhongde&rft.aufirst=Ramesh+Vaman&rft.au=Wali%2C+Kashi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjVc6AAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADnyaneshwar" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFarquhar1984" class="citation cs2">Farquhar, John Nicol (1984), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jhpO98WAuS4C&pg=PA234"><i>An Outline of the Religious Literature of India</i></a>, Motilal Banarsidass Publ, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89581-765-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89581-765-5"><bdi>978-0-89581-765-5</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Outline+of+the+Religious+Literature+of+India&rft.pub=Motilal+Banarsidass+Publ&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=978-0-89581-765-5&rft.aulast=Farquhar&rft.aufirst=John+Nicol&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjhpO98WAuS4C%26pg%3DPA234&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADnyaneshwar" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFowler2002" class="citation cs2">Fowler, Jeaneane D. (2002), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8dRZ4E-qgz8C&pg=PA49"><i>Perspectives of Reality: An Introduction to the Philosophy of Hinduism</i></a>, Sussex Academic Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-898723-93-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-898723-93-6"><bdi>978-1-898723-93-6</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Perspectives+of+Reality%3A+An+Introduction+to+the+Philosophy+of+Hinduism&rft.pub=Sussex+Academic+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-1-898723-93-6&rft.aulast=Fowler&rft.aufirst=Jeaneane+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8dRZ4E-qgz8C%26pg%3DPA49&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADnyaneshwar" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGaneshThakkar2005" class="citation cs2">Ganesh, Kamala; Thakkar, Usha (2005), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ePtg79MKkkwC&pg=PT92"><i>Culture and the Making of Identity in Contemporary India</i></a>, SAGE Publications, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7619-3381-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7619-3381-6"><bdi>978-0-7619-3381-6</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Culture+and+the+Making+of+Identity+in+Contemporary+India&rft.pub=SAGE+Publications&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-7619-3381-6&rft.aulast=Ganesh&rft.aufirst=Kamala&rft.au=Thakkar%2C+Usha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DePtg79MKkkwC%26pg%3DPT92&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADnyaneshwar" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGlushkova2014" class="citation cs2">Glushkova, Irina (2014), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oqReBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA116"><i>Objects of Worship in South Asian Religions: Forms, Practices and Meanings</i></a>, Routledge, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-317-67595-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-317-67595-2"><bdi>978-1-317-67595-2</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Objects+of+Worship+in+South+Asian+Religions%3A+Forms%2C+Practices+and+Meanings&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-317-67595-2&rft.aulast=Glushkova&rft.aufirst=Irina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DoqReBAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA116&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADnyaneshwar" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrover1990" class="citation cs2">Grover, Verinder (1990), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oJlyfJBXlUsC&pg=PA220"><i>Mahadev Govind Ranade</i></a>, Deep & Deep Publications, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7100-245-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7100-245-0"><bdi>978-81-7100-245-0</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mahadev+Govind+Ranade&rft.pub=Deep+%26+Deep+Publications&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-81-7100-245-0&rft.aulast=Grover&rft.aufirst=Verinder&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DoJlyfJBXlUsC%26pg%3DPA220&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADnyaneshwar" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarrisson1976" class="citation cs2">Harrisson, Tom (1976), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dqC_pGtqPBkC&pg=PA39"><i>Living Through the Blitz</i></a>, Cambridge University Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-00-216009-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-00-216009-4"><bdi>978-0-00-216009-4</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Living+Through+the+Blitz&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1976&rft.isbn=978-0-00-216009-4&rft.aulast=Harrisson&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdqC_pGtqPBkC%26pg%3DPA39&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADnyaneshwar" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKohn2008" class="citation cs2">Kohn, Livia (2008), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=asGEMRMI8M0C&pg=PA18"><i>Chinese Healing Exercises: The Tradition of Daoyin</i></a>, University of Hawaii Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8248-3269-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8248-3269-8"><bdi>978-0-8248-3269-8</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chinese+Healing+Exercises%3A+The+Tradition+of+Daoyin&rft.pub=University+of+Hawaii+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-8248-3269-8&rft.aulast=Kohn&rft.aufirst=Livia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DasGEMRMI8M0C%26pg%3DPA18&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADnyaneshwar" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichellZebrowski1999" class="citation cs2">Michell, George; Zebrowski, Mark (1999), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=aHcfv6zkJgQC&pg=PA5"><i>Architecture and Art of the Deccan Sultanates</i></a>, Cambridge University Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-56321-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-56321-5"><bdi>978-0-521-56321-5</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Architecture+and+Art+of+the+Deccan+Sultanates&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-521-56321-5&rft.aulast=Michell&rft.aufirst=George&rft.au=Zebrowski%2C+Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DaHcfv6zkJgQC%26pg%3DPA5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADnyaneshwar" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMokashi1987" class="citation cs2">Mokashi, Digambar Balkrishna (1987), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vgLZGFH1ZTIC&pg=PA38"><i>Palkhi: An Indian Pilgrimage</i></a>, SUNY Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-88706-461-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-88706-461-6"><bdi>978-0-88706-461-6</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Palkhi%3A+An+Indian+Pilgrimage&rft.pub=SUNY+Press&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=978-0-88706-461-6&rft.aulast=Mokashi&rft.aufirst=Digambar+Balkrishna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvgLZGFH1ZTIC%26pg%3DPA38&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADnyaneshwar" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMokashi-Punekar2005" class="citation cs2">Mokashi-Punekar, Rohini (2005), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qsuJ2yof-egC&pg=PA72"><i>On the Threshold</i></a>, Rowman Altamira, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7591-0821-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7591-0821-9"><bdi>978-0-7591-0821-9</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=On+the+Threshold&rft.pub=Rowman+Altamira&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-7591-0821-9&rft.aulast=Mokashi-Punekar&rft.aufirst=Rohini&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqsuJ2yof-egC%26pg%3DPA72&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADnyaneshwar" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNovetzke2009" class="citation cs2">Novetzke, Christian Lee (2009), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PmWUAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA218"><i>Shared Idioms, Sacred Symbols, and the Articulation of Identities in South Asia</i></a>, Routledge, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-135-90477-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-135-90477-7"><bdi>978-1-135-90477-7</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shared+Idioms%2C+Sacred+Symbols%2C+and+the+Articulation+of+Identities+in+South+Asia&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-135-90477-7&rft.aulast=Novetzke&rft.aufirst=Christian+Lee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPmWUAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA218&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADnyaneshwar" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Connell1999" class="citation cs2">O'Connell, Joseph T. (1999), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NOZ4AAAAMAAJ"><i>Organizational and institutional aspects of Indian religious movements</i></a>, Indian Institute of Advanced Study, Manohar, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788185952628" title="Special:BookSources/9788185952628"><bdi>9788185952628</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Organizational+and+institutional+aspects+of+Indian+religious+movements&rft.pub=Indian+Institute+of+Advanced+Study%2C+Manohar&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=9788185952628&rft.aulast=O%27Connell&rft.aufirst=Joseph+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNOZ4AAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADnyaneshwar" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPawar1997" class="citation cs2">Pawar, G. M. (1997), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KYLpvaKJIMEC&pg=PA354"><i>Medieval Indian Literature: Surveys and selections</i></a>, Sahitya Akademi, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-260-0365-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-260-0365-5"><bdi>978-81-260-0365-5</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Medieval+Indian+Literature%3A+Surveys+and+selections&rft.pub=Sahitya+Akademi&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-81-260-0365-5&rft.aulast=Pawar&rft.aufirst=G.+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKYLpvaKJIMEC%26pg%3DPA354&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADnyaneshwar" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrasad2009" class="citation cs2">Prasad, Rajendra (2009), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1gtxVmUr1ygC&pg=PA377"><i>A Historical-developmental Study of Classical Indian Philosophy of Morals</i></a>, Concept Publishing Company, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-8069-595-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-8069-595-7"><bdi>978-81-8069-595-7</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Historical-developmental+Study+of+Classical+Indian+Philosophy+of+Morals&rft.pub=Concept+Publishing+Company&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-81-8069-595-7&rft.aulast=Prasad&rft.aufirst=Rajendra&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1gtxVmUr1ygC%26pg%3DPA377&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADnyaneshwar" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPradhanLambert1987" class="citation book cs1">Dnyaneshwar, Shri (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Xxg0RI7dSWIC"><i>Jnaneshvari (Bhavarthadipika)</i></a>. Pradhan, Vitthal G. (Transl); Lambert, Hester M. (Transl, Editor). State University of New York Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-88706-487-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-88706-487-6"><bdi>978-0-88706-487-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jnaneshvari+%28Bhavarthadipika%29&rft.pub=State+University+of+New+York+Press&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=978-0-88706-487-6&rft.aulast=Dnyaneshwar&rft.aufirst=Shri&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXxg0RI7dSWIC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADnyaneshwar" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRanade1933" class="citation cs2">Ranade, Ramchandra Dattatraya (1933), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1Ql0PUJJPp8C"><i>Mysticism in India: The Poet-Saints of Maharashtra</i></a>, SUNY Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87395-669-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87395-669-7"><bdi>978-0-87395-669-7</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mysticism+in+India%3A+The+Poet-Saints+of+Maharashtra&rft.pub=SUNY+Press&rft.date=1933&rft.isbn=978-0-87395-669-7&rft.aulast=Ranade&rft.aufirst=Ramchandra+Dattatraya&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1Ql0PUJJPp8C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADnyaneshwar" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchomerMcLeod1987" class="citation cs2">Schomer, Karine; McLeod, W. H. (1987), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OkKhOivXrhgC&pg=PA21"><i>The Sants: Studies in a Devotional Tradition of India</i></a>, Motilal Banarsidass, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-208-0277-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-208-0277-3"><bdi>978-81-208-0277-3</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sants%3A+Studies+in+a+Devotional+Tradition+of+India&rft.pub=Motilal+Banarsidass&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=978-81-208-0277-3&rft.aulast=Schomer&rft.aufirst=Karine&rft.au=McLeod%2C+W.+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOkKhOivXrhgC%26pg%3DPA21&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADnyaneshwar" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSharma1979" class="citation cs2">Sharma, Arvind (1979), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JU8qAAAAYAAJ"><i>Thresholds in Hindu-Buddhist Studies</i></a>, T.K. Mukherjee, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780836404951" title="Special:BookSources/9780836404951"><bdi>9780836404951</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Thresholds+in+Hindu-Buddhist+Studies&rft.pub=T.K.+Mukherjee&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=9780836404951&rft.aulast=Sharma&rft.aufirst=Arvind&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJU8qAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADnyaneshwar" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSundararajanMukerji2003" class="citation cs2">Sundararajan, K. R.; Mukerji, Bithika (2003), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UUWIEfAY-mMC&pg=PA32"><i>Hindu Spirituality: Postclassical and Modern</i></a>, Motilal Banarsidass, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-208-1937-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-208-1937-5"><bdi>978-81-208-1937-5</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hindu+Spirituality%3A+Postclassical+and+Modern&rft.pub=Motilal+Banarsidass&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-81-208-1937-5&rft.aulast=Sundararajan&rft.aufirst=K.+R.&rft.au=Mukerji%2C+Bithika&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUUWIEfAY-mMC%26pg%3DPA32&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADnyaneshwar" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dnyaneshwar&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhandarkar2018" class="citation book cs1">Khandarkar, Shri Shankar Maharaj (2018). <i>Sant Jnaneswara's Pasayadana: Divine Blessings</i>. Motilal Banarsidass. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8120842083" title="Special:BookSources/978-8120842083"><bdi>978-8120842083</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sant+Jnaneswara%27s+Pasayadana%3A+Divine+Blessings&rft.pub=Motilal+Banarsidass&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-8120842083&rft.aulast=Khandarkar&rft.aufirst=Shri+Shankar+Maharaj&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADnyaneshwar" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJames_Fairbrother_Edwards1941" class="citation book cs1">James Fairbrother Edwards (1941). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MXdOAAAAYAAJ"><i>Dnyāneshwar: The Out-caste Brāhmin</i></a>. J.F. Edwards, Office of the Poet-Saints of Mahārāshtra Series, United Theological College of Western India.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dny%C4%81neshwar%3A+The+Out-caste+Br%C4%81hmin&rft.pub=J.F.+Edwards%2C+Office+of+the+Poet-Saints+of+Mah%C4%81r%C4%81shtra+Series%2C+United+Theological+College+of+Western+India&rft.date=1941&rft.au=James+Fairbrother+Edwards&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMXdOAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADnyaneshwar" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dnyaneshwar&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Dnyaneshwar" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Dnyaneshwar">Dnyaneshwar</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.santsahitya.in/mahati-santanchi/sant-dyaneshwar">sant dyaneshwar full information, books etc in marathi</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/book/jnaneshwari-bhavartha-dipika">Jnaneshwari (Bhavartha Dipika)</a> English translation by R. K. Bhagwat, 1954 (includes glossary)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nonduality.com/jnan.htm">Extracts from Amritanubhav</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dj6qo.de/dnye/Dnbiography.htm">Biography of Dnyaneshwar by V.V. Shirvaikar</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070212210512/http://www.musicindiaonline.com/music/marathi/s/artist.653/type.11/">Lata Mangeshkar's rendering of some of Sri Jñāneshwar's abhangas</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hindupedia.com/en/Sant_Dnyaneshwar">Sant Dnaneshwar</a> on Hindupedia, the online Hindu Encyclopedia</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130414212153/http://www.geetganga.org/pasayadan-%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8">Pasayadan in Marathi</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://roarmarathi.com/sant-dnyaneshwar-information-in-marathi/">Sant Dnyaneshwar information in Marathi</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Marathi358" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style=";"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Marathi_language_topics" title="Template:Marathi language topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Marathi_language_topics" title="Template talk:Marathi language topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Marathi_language_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Marathi language topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Marathi358" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Marathi_language" title="Marathi language">Marathi</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marathi_grammar" title="Marathi grammar">Grammar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marathi_phonology" title="Marathi phonology">Phonology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marathi_literature" title="Marathi literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marathi_poetry" title="Marathi poetry">Poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samyukta_Maharashtra_Samiti" title="Samyukta Maharashtra Samiti">Samyukta Maharashtra Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra">Maharashtra State</a></li> <li><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="mr:">Marathi Wikipedia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Marathi_dialects" class="mw-redirect" title="Marathi dialects">Marathi dialects</a> and<br /><a href="/wiki/Marathic_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Marathic languages">Marathic languages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maharastri_Prakrit" class="mw-redirect" title="Maharastri Prakrit">Maharastri Prakrit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andh_language" title="Andh language">Andh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deccan_Marathi" class="mw-redirect" title="Deccan Marathi">Deccani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumbai_Marathi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Mumbai Marathi language">East Indian (Mumbai dialect)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Marathi" title="Judeo-Marathi">Judeo-Marathi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katkari_language" title="Katkari language">Katkari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maharashtrian_Konkani" class="mw-redirect" title="Maharashtrian Konkani">Maharashtrian Konkani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malvani_Konkani" class="mw-redirect" title="Malvani Konkani">Malvani Konkani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phudagi_language" title="Phudagi language">Phudagi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samvedi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Samvedi language">Samvedi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thanjavur_Marathi_dialect" title="Thanjavur Marathi dialect">Thanjavur Marathi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varhadi_dialect" title="Varhadi dialect">Varhadi</a> (Varhadi-Nagpuri)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varli_language" title="Varli language">Varli</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Marathi scripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balbodh" title="Balbodh">Balbodh style</a> of <a href="/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari">Devanagari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marathi_Braille" class="mw-redirect" title="Marathi Braille">Braille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modi_script" title="Modi script">Modi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marathi_Cinema" class="mw-redirect" title="Marathi Cinema">Marathi Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marathi_theatre" title="Marathi theatre">Marathi theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marathi_literature" title="Marathi literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marathi_people" title="Marathi people">Marathi people</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Marathi_people" title="List of Marathi people">List</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Arts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_literature#Awards" title="Indian literature">Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Sahitya_Akademi_Award_winners_for_Marathi" title="List of Sahitya Akademi Award winners for Marathi">Sahitya Akademi Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jnanpith_Award" title="Jnanpith Award">Jnanpith Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Marathi_writers" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Marathi writers">Writers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Marathi-language_poets" title="List of Marathi-language poets">Poets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Film_Award_for_Best_Marathi_Feature_Film" title="National Film Award for Best Marathi Feature Film">National Film Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1033695#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1427" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1033695#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1427" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1033695#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000081588168">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/79071284">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1827160/">FAST</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1089149956">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50039795">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12173027t">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12173027t">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p071226605">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/97002317">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007273558705171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/b4554e0b-4d18-42c1-a165-a44ce6ecdda0">MusicBrainz</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/030280613">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dnyaneshwar&oldid=1264575358">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dnyaneshwar&oldid=1264575358</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Warkari" title="Category:Warkari">Warkari</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1275_births" title="Category:1275 births">1275 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1296_deaths" title="Category:1296 deaths">1296 deaths</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:13th-century_Indian_philosophers" title="Category:13th-century Indian philosophers">13th-century Indian philosophers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hindu_philosophers_and_theologians" title="Category:Hindu philosophers and theologians">Hindu philosophers and theologians</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Medieval_Hindu_religious_leaders" title="Category:Medieval Hindu religious leaders">Medieval Hindu religious leaders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Vaishnavite_religious_leaders" title="Category:Vaishnavite religious leaders">Vaishnavite religious leaders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Indian_Vaishnavites" title="Category:Indian Vaishnavites">Indian Vaishnavites</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Marathi-language_poets" title="Category:Marathi-language poets">Marathi-language poets</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Marathi_Hindu_saints" title="Category:Marathi Hindu saints">Marathi Hindu saints</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Vaishnava_saints" title="Category:Vaishnava saints">Vaishnava saints</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sant_Mat" title="Category:Sant Mat">Sant Mat</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Scholars_from_Maharashtra" title="Category:Scholars from Maharashtra">Scholars from Maharashtra</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Translators_of_the_Bhagavad_Gita" title="Category:Translators of the Bhagavad Gita">Translators of the Bhagavad Gita</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Bhakti_movement" title="Category:Bhakti movement">Bhakti movement</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_Maharashtra" title="Category:People from Maharashtra">People from Maharashtra</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Brahmins_who_fought_against_discrimination" title="Category:Brahmins who fought against discrimination">Brahmins who fought against discrimination</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Anti-caste_activists" title="Category:Anti-caste activists">Anti-caste activists</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_the_Phonos_extension" title="Category:Pages using the Phonos extension">Pages using the Phonos extension</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Hindi-language_sources_(hi)" title="Category:CS1 Hindi-language sources (hi)">CS1 Hindi-language sources (hi)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Marathi-language_sources_(mr)" title="Category:CS1 Marathi-language sources (mr)">CS1 Marathi-language sources (mr)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:EngvarB_from_August_2014" title="Category:EngvarB from August 2014">EngvarB from August 2014</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_August_2014" title="Category:Use dmy dates from August 2014">Use dmy dates from August 2014</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_infobox_religious_biography_with_unsupported_parameters" title="Category:Pages using infobox religious biography with unsupported parameters">Pages using infobox religious biography with unsupported parameters</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_having_different_image_on_Wikidata_and_Wikipedia" title="Category:Articles having different image on Wikidata and Wikipedia">Articles having different image on Wikidata and Wikipedia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_including_recorded_pronunciations" title="Category:Pages including recorded pronunciations">Pages including recorded pronunciations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_November_2024" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from November 2024">Articles with unsourced statements from November 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link from Wikidata">Commons category link from Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 22 December 2024, at 13:20<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dnyaneshwar&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">Dnyaneshwar</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>16 languages</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-b766959bd-vwnk5","wgBackendResponseTime":179,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.435","walltime":"1.647","ppvisitednodes":{"value":12249,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":140792,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":15690,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":14,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":7,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":194558,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1486.682 1 -total"," 25.97% 386.066 112 Template:Sfn"," 17.48% 259.920 1 Template:Infobox_Hindu_leader"," 15.71% 233.497 2 Template:Reflist"," 13.70% 203.603 1 Template:Infobox"," 11.20% 166.494 30 Template:Citation"," 7.00% 104.083 2 Template:Cite_journal"," 6.43% 95.589 1 Template:Short_description"," 6.22% 92.521 1 Template:Marathi_language_topics"," 6.04% 89.735 1 Template:Navbox"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.856","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":9799952,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFAshoka2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAttwood1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBahirat2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBalasubramanian2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBerntsen1988\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBhagwat2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBobde1987\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCashman1975\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFClausDiamondMills2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFD._C._Sircar1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDallmayr2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDatta1988\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDe_SmetMalkovsky2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDhongdeWali2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDigby1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDoderet1926\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDubey2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFarquhar1984\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFowler2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGaneshThakkar2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGlushkova2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGrover1990\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHarrisson1976\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJ._Gordon_Melton2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJames_Fairbrother_Edwards1941\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKarhadkar1976\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKhandarkar2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKohn2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFM2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMichellZebrowski1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMokashi-Punekar2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMokashi1987\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNovetzke2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFO\u0026#039;Connell1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPawar1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPerur2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPradhanLambert1987\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPrasad2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFR._D._Ranade1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRanade1933\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchomerMcLeod1987\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSharma1979\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShri_Jnāneshvar1987\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSundararajanMukerji2003\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"'\"] = 2,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Citation\"] = 30,\n [\"Citation needed\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 12,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 1,\n [\"Commons category\"] = 1,\n [\"Death date and age\"] = 1,\n [\"Efn\"] = 7,\n [\"EngvarB\"] = 1,\n [\"Harvid\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox Hindu leader\"] = 1,\n [\"Marathi language topics\"] = 1,\n [\"Notelist\"] = 1,\n [\"Pronunciation\"] = 1,\n [\"Quote box\"] = 3,\n [\"Redirect\"] = 1,\n [\"Refbegin\"] = 1,\n [\"Refend\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 112,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Small\"] = 2,\n [\"Use dmy dates\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\nciteref_patterns = table#1 {\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-b766959bd-6w59l","timestamp":"20250214040952","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Dnyaneshwar","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dnyaneshwar","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1033695","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1033695","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2003-11-24T23:07:01Z","dateModified":"2024-12-22T13:20:37Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/3\/31\/Dnyaneshwar2.jpg","headline":"13th-century Hindu Marathi saint and philosopher"}</script> </body> </html>