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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Torah sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Torah_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rabbinic_Judaism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rabbinic_Judaism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Rabbinic Judaism</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Rabbinic_Judaism-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Rabbinic Judaism subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Rabbinic_Judaism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Fabrics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fabrics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Fabrics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fabrics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Threads_and_knots" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Threads_and_knots"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Threads and knots</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Threads_and_knots-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Interpretations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Interpretations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Interpretations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Interpretations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Color_of_the_strings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Color_of_the_strings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Color of the strings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Color_of_the_strings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tekhelet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tekhelet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4.1</span> <span>Tekhelet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tekhelet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_other_threads" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_other_threads"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4.2</span> <span>The other threads</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_other_threads-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tzitzit_for_women" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tzitzit_for_women"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span><i>Tzitzit</i> for women</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tzitzit_for_women-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Karaite_tzitzit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Karaite_tzitzit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Karaite <i>tzitzit</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Karaite_tzitzit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Samaritan_tzitzit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Samaritan_tzitzit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Samaritan <i>tzitzit</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Samaritan_tzitzit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_archaeology_and_secular_scholarship" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_archaeology_and_secular_scholarship"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>In archaeology and secular scholarship</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_archaeology_and_secular_scholarship-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet 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Available in 24 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-24" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">24 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsitsit" title="Tsitsit – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Tsitsit" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cicit" title="Cicit – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Cicit" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zizit" title="Zizit – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Zizit" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tzitzit" title="Tzitzit – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Tzitzit" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cicito" title="Cicito – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Cicito" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsitsit" title="Tsitsit – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tsitsit" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B9%98%EC%B9%98%ED%8A%B8" title="치치트 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="치치트" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tzitzit" title="Tzitzit – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tzitzit" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%AA" title="ציצית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ציצית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tzitzit" title="Tzitzit – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Tzitzit" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sisith" title="Sisith – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Sisith" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%AA" title="تزيتزيت – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="تزيتزيت" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tzitzit" title="Tzitzit – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Tzitzit" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%84%E3%82%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%84%E3%82%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88" title="ツィーツィート – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ツィーツィート" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sis%C3%ADt" title="Sisít – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Sisít" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cicit" title="Cicit – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Cicit" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tzitzit" title="Tzitzit – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Tzitzit" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Цицит – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Цицит" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tzitzit" title="Tzitzit – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tzitzit" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B7%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D" title="ஷிட்சிஸ் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஷிட்சிஸ்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%27zitzit" title="T'zitzit – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="T'zitzit" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Цицит – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Цицит" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%AA" title="ציצית – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="ציצית" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B9%B8%E5%AD%90" title="繸子 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="繸子" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q48300#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Knotted threads on the corners of a Tallit Gadol or Tallit Katan in Judaism</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">Tzitzit</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tzitzis_Shot.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Tzitzis_Shot.JPG/150px-Tzitzis_Shot.JPG" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Tzitzis_Shot.JPG/225px-Tzitzis_Shot.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Tzitzis_Shot.JPG/300px-Tzitzis_Shot.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1944" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Tzitzis</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Halakha" title="Halakha">Halakhic</a> texts relating to this article</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight: normal; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Torah" title="Torah">Torah</a>:</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0415.htm#38">Numbers 15:38</a> <br />and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0522.htm#12">Deuteronomy 22:12</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight: normal; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Talmud#Talmud_Bavli_(Babylonian_Talmud)" title="Talmud">Babylonian Talmud</a>:</th><td class="infobox-data">Menachos 39-42</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight: normal; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Mishneh_Torah" title="Mishneh Torah">Mishneh Torah</a>:</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mechon-mamre.org/i/2400.htm"><i>Ahavah</i> (Love): <i>Tzitzit</i></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight: normal; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Shulchan_Aruch" title="Shulchan Aruch">Shulchan Aruch</a>:</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Orach_Chayim" title="Orach Chayim">Orach Chayim</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20001205000800/http://www.torah.org/advanced/shulchan-aruch/classes/orachchayim/chapter2.html">8-25</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i><b>Tzitzit</b></i> (<a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: <span lang="he" dir="rtl"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1241449095">.mw-parser-output .script-hebrew,.mw-parser-output .script-Hebr{font-family:"Ezra SIL SR","Ezra SIL","SBL Hebrew","Taamey Frank CLM","SBL BibLit","Taamey Ashkenaz","Frank Ruehl CLM","Keter Aram Tsova","Taamey David CLM","Keter YG","Shofar","David CLM","Hadasim CLM","Simple CLM","Nachlieli",Cardo,Alef,"Noto Serif Hebrew","Noto Sans Hebrew","David Libre",David,"Times New Roman",Gisha,Arial,FreeSerif,FreeSans}</style><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">צִיצִית</span>‎</span> <i>ṣīṣīṯ</i>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="he-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Hebrew" title="Help:IPA/Hebrew">[tsiˈtsit]</a></span>; plural <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095"><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">צִיצִיּוֹת</span>‎ <i>ṣīṣiyyōṯ</i>, <a href="/wiki/Ashkenazi_Hebrew" title="Ashkenazi Hebrew">Ashkenazi</a>: <i><span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">tzitzis</i></span></i>; and <a href="/wiki/Samaritan_Hebrew" title="Samaritan Hebrew">Samaritan</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r866777279">.mw-parser-output .script-samaritan{font-family:"Noto Sans Samaritan","Hebrew Samaritan","Everson Mono",EversonMono,Unifont,Quivira,sans-serif;direction:rtl;unicode-bidi:bidi-override}</style><span dir="rtl" class="script-samaritan">ࠑࠉࠑࠉࠕ</span>‎ <i><span title="Samaritan Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="smp-Latn">ṣeṣet</i></span></i>) are specially knotted ritual <a href="/wiki/Fringe_(trim)" title="Fringe (trim)">fringes</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Tassel" title="Tassel">tassels</a>, worn in antiquity by <a href="/wiki/Israelites" title="Israelites">Israelites</a> and today by observant <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jews</a> and <a href="/wiki/Samaritans" title="Samaritans">Samaritans</a>. <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">Tzitzit</i></span> are usually attached to the four corners of the <i>tallit gadol</i> (prayer shawl), usually referred to simply as a <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Tallit" title="Tallit">tallit</a></i></span> or <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">tallis</i></span>; and <i>tallit katan</i> (everyday undershirt). Through <a href="/wiki/Synecdoche" title="Synecdoche">synecdoche</a>, a <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Tallit_katan" class="mw-redirect" title="Tallit katan">tallit katan</a></i></span> may be referred to as <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">tzitzit</i></span>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tzitzit&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output 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prayer">Prayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tzedakah" title="Tzedakah">Tzedakah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laws_and_customs_of_the_Land_of_Israel_in_Judaism" title="Laws and customs of the Land of Israel in Judaism"><span class="wrap">Land of Israel</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brit_milah" title="Brit milah">Brit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bar_and_bat_mitzvah" title="Bar and bat mitzvah"><span class="wrap">Bar and bat mitzvah</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_views_on_marriage" title="Jewish views on marriage">Marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bereavement_in_Judaism" title="Bereavement in Judaism">Bereavement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baal_teshuva_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Baal teshuva movement">Baal teshuva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_philosophy" title="Jewish philosophy">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_ethics" title="Jewish ethics">Ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabbalah" title="Kabbalah">Kabbalah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minhag" title="Minhag">Customs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nusach_(Jewish_custom)" title="Nusach (Jewish custom)">Rites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synagogue" title="Synagogue">Synagogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabbi" title="Rabbi">Rabbi</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Sifrei_Kodesh" title="Sifrei Kodesh">Texts</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Bible" title="Hebrew Bible">Tanakh</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Torah" title="Torah">Torah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevi%27im" title="Nevi'im">Nevi'im</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketuvim" title="Ketuvim">Ketuvim</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud">Talmud</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mishnah" title="Mishnah">Mishnah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gemara" title="Gemara">Gemara</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Rabbinic_literature" title="Rabbinic literature">Rabbinic</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Midrash" title="Midrash">Midrash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tosefta" title="Tosefta">Tosefta</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Targum" title="Targum">Targum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beit_Yosef_(book)" title="Beit Yosef (book)">Beit Yosef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mishneh_Torah" title="Mishneh Torah">Mishneh Torah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arba%27ah_Turim" title="Arba'ah Turim">Tur</a></li> <li><span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Shulchan_Aruch" title="Shulchan Aruch">Shulchan Aruch</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zohar" title="Zohar">Zohar</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Jewish_history" title="Jewish history">History</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> General</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Jewish_history" title="Timeline of Jewish history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_of_Israel" title="Land of Israel">Land of Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_name_Judea" title="Timeline of the name Judea">Name "Judea"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_antisemitism" title="History of antisemitism">Antisemitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Judaism" title="Anti-Judaism">Anti-Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Jews" title="Persecution of Jews">Persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_leadership" title="Jewish leadership">Leaders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_Jewish_historiography" title="Modern Jewish historiography">Modern historiography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_Jewish_population" title="Historical Jewish population">Historical population comparisons</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/History_of_ancient_Israel_and_Judah" title="History of ancient Israel and Judah">Ancient Israel</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Twelve_Tribes_of_Israel" title="Twelve Tribes of Israel">Twelve Tribes of Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Judah" title="Kingdom of Judah"><span class="wrap">Kingdom of Judah</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Israel_(Samaria)" title="Kingdom of Israel (Samaria)">Kingdom of Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_in_Judaism" title="Jerusalem in Judaism">in Judaism</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Jerusalem" title="Timeline of Jerusalem">timeline</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_in_Jerusalem" title="Temple in Jerusalem"><span class="wrap">Temple in Jerusalem</span></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Solomon%27s_Temple" title="Solomon's Temple">First</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Second_Temple" title="Second Temple">Second</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_captivity" title="Assyrian captivity"><span class="wrap">Assyrian captivity</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babylonian_captivity" title="Babylonian captivity"><span class="wrap">Babylonian captivity</span></a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Second_Temple_period" title="Second Temple period">Second Temple period</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yehud_Medinata" title="Yehud Medinata">Yehud Medinata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maccabean_Revolt" title="Maccabean Revolt">Maccabean Revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasmonean_dynasty" title="Hasmonean dynasty"><span class="wrap">Hasmonean dynasty</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanhedrin" title="Sanhedrin">Sanhedrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_schisms" title="Jewish schisms">Schisms</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Pharisees" title="Pharisees">Pharisees</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sadducees" title="Sadducees">Sadducees</a>, <a href="/wiki/Essenes" title="Essenes">Essenes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zealots" title="Zealots">Zealots</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sicarii" title="Sicarii">Sicarii</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Temple_Judaism" title="Second Temple Judaism">Second Temple Judaism</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_Judaism" title="Hellenistic Judaism">Hellenistic Judaism</a></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish%E2%80%93Roman_wars" title="Jewish–Roman wars">Jewish–Roman wars</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/First_Jewish-Roman_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First Jewish-Roman War">Great Revolt</a></span>, <span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Diaspora_revolt" class="mw-redirect" title="Diaspora revolt">Diaspora</a></span>, <span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Bar_Kokhba_revolt" title="Bar Kokhba revolt">Bar Kokhba</a></span>)</li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Rabbinic_period" title="Rabbinic period">Rabbinic period</a> and Middle Ages</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rabbinic_Judaism" title="Rabbinic Judaism">Rabbinic Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_the_Byzantine_Empire" title="History of the Jews in the Byzantine Empire">History of the Jews in the Byzantine Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_Judaism" title="Christianity and Judaism"><span class="wrap">Christianity and Judaism</span></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Jews_and_Christmas" title="Jews and Christmas">Jews and Christmas</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism_and_Judaism" title="Hinduism and Judaism"><span class="wrap">Hinduism and Judaism</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic%E2%80%93Jewish_relations" title="Islamic–Jewish relations"><span class="wrap"><span class="nowrap">Islamic–Jewish</span> relations</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_European_Jews_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="History of European Jews in the Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_age_of_Jewish_culture_in_Spain" title="Golden age of Jewish culture in Spain">Golden Age</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Modern era</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haskalah" title="Haskalah">Haskalah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabbateans" title="Sabbateans">Sabbateans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasidic_Judaism" title="Hasidic Judaism">Hasidism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_atheism" title="Jewish atheism">Jewish atheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_emancipation" title="Jewish emancipation">Emancipation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Yishuv" title="Old Yishuv">Old Yishuv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Zionism" title="History of Zionism">Zionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="History of the Jews in the Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust" title="The Holocaust">The Holocaust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Israel" title="History of Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_conflict" title="Arab–Israeli conflict"><span class="wrap"><span class="nowrap">Arab–Israeli</span> conflict</span></a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Jewish_ethnic_divisions" title="Jewish ethnic divisions">Communities</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashkenazi_Jews" title="Ashkenazi Jews">Ashkenazim</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Galician_Jews" title="Galician Jews">Galician</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litvaks" title="Litvaks">Litvak</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizrahi_Jews" title="Mizrahi Jews">Mizrahim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sephardic_Jews" title="Sephardic Jews">Sephardim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemenite_Jews" title="Yemenite Jews">Teimanim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beta_Israel" title="Beta Israel">Beta Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Jews" title="Georgian Jews">Gruzinim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_Jews" title="Mountain Jews">Juhurim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bukharan_Jews" title="Bukharan Jews">Bukharim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Jews" title="Italian Jews">Italkim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romaniote_Jews" title="Romaniote Jews">Romanyotim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cochin_Jews" title="Cochin Jews">Cochinim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bene_Israel" title="Bene Israel">Bene Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berber_Jews" title="Berber Jews">Berber</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Related groups</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sephardic_Bnei_Anusim" title="Sephardic Bnei Anusim">Bnei Anusim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemba_people" title="Lemba people">Lemba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Karaites" title="Crimean Karaites">Crimean Karaites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krymchaks" title="Krymchaks">Krymchaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaifeng_Jews" title="Kaifeng Jews">Kaifeng Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igbo_Jews" title="Igbo Jews">Igbo Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaritans" title="Samaritans">Samaritans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crypto-Judaism" title="Crypto-Judaism">Crypto-Jews</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anusim" title="Anusim">Anusim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%B6nmeh" title="Dönmeh">Dönmeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marrano" title="Marrano">Marranos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neofiti" title="Neofiti">Neofiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xueta" title="Xueta">Xueta</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_tribes_of_Arabia" title="Jewish tribes of Arabia">Mosaic Arabs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subbotniks" title="Subbotniks">Subbotniks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noahidism" title="Noahidism">Noahides</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Jewish_population_by_country" title="Jewish population by country">Population</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Judaism_by_country" title="Judaism by country">Judaism by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_Jews" title="Lists of Jews">Lists of Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_diaspora" title="Jewish diaspora">Diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_Jewish_population_by_country" title="Historical Jewish population by country">Historical population by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genetic_studies_of_Jews" title="Genetic studies of Jews">Genetic studies</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_and_Judaism_in_the_Land_of_Israel" title="History of the Jews and Judaism in the Land of Israel">Land of Israel</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Yishuv" title="Old Yishuv">Old Yishuv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yishuv" title="Yishuv">New Yishuv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_Jews" title="Israeli Jews">Israeli Jews</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Africa" title="History of the Jews in Africa">Africa</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Algeria" title="History of the Jews in Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Angola" title="History of the Jews in Angola">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jews_of_Bilad_el-Sudan" title="Jews of Bilad el-Sudan">Bilad-el-Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Botswana" title="History of the Jews in Botswana">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Cameroon" title="History of the Jews in Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Cape_Verde" title="History of the Jews in Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Benin" title="History of the Jews in Benin">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="History of the Jews in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Djibouti" title="History of the Jews in Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Egypt" title="History of the Jews in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Ethiopia" title="History of the Jews in Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Eritrea" title="History of the Jews in Eritrea">Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Eswatini" title="History of the Jews in Eswatini">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Gabon" title="History of the Jews in Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_the_Gambia" title="History of the Jews in the Gambia">Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Ghana" title="History of the Jews in Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Guinea" title="History of the Jews in Guinea">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Guinea-Bissau" title="History of the Jews in Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Ivory_Coast" title="History of the Jews in Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Kenya" title="History of the Jews in Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Libya" title="History of the Jews in Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jews_in_Madagascar" class="mw-redirect" title="Jews in Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Malawi" title="History of the Jews in Malawi">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Mali" title="History of the Jews in Mali">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Mauritius" title="History of the Jews in Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Moroccan_Jews" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Moroccan Jews">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Mozambique" title="History of the Jews in Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Namibia" title="History of the Jews in Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Nigeria" title="History of the Jews in Nigeria">Nigeria</a> (<a href="/wiki/Igbo_Jews" title="Igbo Jews">Igbo</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_the_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="History of the Jews in the Republic of the Congo">Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="History of the Jews in São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Sierra_Leone" title="History of the Jews in Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Jews_in_Somalia" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Jews in Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_South_Africa" title="History of the Jews in South Africa"><span class="wrap">South Africa</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Sudan" title="History of the Jews in Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Tanzania" title="History of the Jews in Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Tunisia" title="History of the Jews in Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Uganda" title="History of the Jews in Uganda">Uganda</a> (<a href="/wiki/Abayudaya" title="Abayudaya">Abayudaya</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Zambia" title="History of the Jews in Zambia">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Zimbabwe" title="History of the Jews in Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Asia</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Afghanistan" title="History of the Jews in Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Bahrain" title="History of the Jews in Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Cambodia" title="History of the Jews in Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_China" title="History of the Jews in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jews_in_Hong_Kong" class="mw-redirect" title="Jews in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_India" title="History of the Jews in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Indonesia" title="History of the Jews in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Iran" title="History of the Jews in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Iraq" title="History of the Jews in Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_and_Judaism_in_the_Land_of_Israel" title="History of the Jews and Judaism in the Land of Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Japan" title="History of the Jews in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Jordan" title="History of the Jews in Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Kazakhstan" title="History of the Jews in Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Kurdistan" title="History of the Jews in Kurdistan">Kurdistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Kuwait" title="History of the Jews in Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Kyrgyzstan" title="History of the Jews in Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Lebanon" title="History of the Jews in Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Malaysia" title="History of the Jews in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Mongolia" title="History of the Jews in Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Myanmar" title="History of the Jews in Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judaism_in_Nepal" title="Judaism in Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Oman" title="History of the Jews in Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Pakistan" title="History of the Jews in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_the_Philippines" title="History of the Jews in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Qatar" title="History of the Jews in Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="History of the Jews in Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_South_Korea" title="History of the Jews in South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Singapore" title="History of the Jews in Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Sri_Lanka" title="History of the Jews in Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Syria" title="History of the Jews in Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Tajikistan" title="History of the Jews in Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jews_in_Taiwan" class="mw-redirect" title="Jews in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Thailand" title="History of the Jews in Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Turkey" title="History of the Jews in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="History of the Jews in the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Uzbekistan" title="History of the Jews in Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Vietnam" title="History of the Jews in Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemenite_Jews" title="Yemenite Jews">Yemen</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Europe" title="History of the Jews in Europe">Europe</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Armenia" title="History of the Jews in Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Austria" title="History of the Jews in Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Azerbaijan" title="History of the Jews in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Belarus" title="History of the Jews in Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Bulgaria" title="History of the Jews in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Cyprus" title="History of the Jews in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_the_Czech_lands" title="History of the Jews in the Czech lands">Czechia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Denmark" title="History of the Jews in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Estonia" title="History of the Jews in Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Finland" title="History of the Jews in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_France" title="History of the Jews in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Jews" title="Georgian Jews">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Germany" title="History of the Jews in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Greece" title="History of the Jews in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Hungary" title="History of the Jews in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Italy" title="History of the Jews in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Latvia" title="History of the Jews in Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Lithuania" title="History of the Jews in Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Moldova" title="History of the Jews in Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_the_Netherlands" title="History of the Jews in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Norway" title="History of the Jews in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Poland" title="History of the Jews in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Portugal" title="History of the Jews in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Romania" title="History of the Jews in Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Russia" title="History of the Jews in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Serbia" title="History of the Jews in Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Spain" title="History of the Jews in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Sweden" title="History of the Jews in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Ukraine" title="History of the Jews in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="History of the Jews in the United Kingdom"><span class="wrap">United Kingdom</span></a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Northern America</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Canada" title="History of the Jews in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_the_United_States" title="History of the Jews in the United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jews_in_Greenland" title="Jews in Greenland">Greenland</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Latin_America_and_the_Caribbean" title="History of the Jews in Latin America and the Caribbean">Latin America and Caribbean</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Argentina" title="History of the Jews in Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Bolivia" title="History of the Jews in Bolivia">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Brazil" title="History of the Jews in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Chile" title="History of the Jews in Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Colombia" title="History of the Jews in Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Cuba" title="History of the Jews in Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_the_Dominican_Republic" title="History of the Jews in the Dominican Republic"><span class="wrap">Dominican Republic</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Ecuador" title="History of the Jews in Ecuador">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_El_Salvador" title="History of the Jews in El Salvador">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Guyana" title="History of the Jews in Guyana">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Haiti" title="History of the Jews in Haiti">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Jamaica" title="History of the Jews in Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Mexico" title="History of the Jews in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Paraguay" title="History of the Jews in Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Peru" title="History of the Jews in Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Puerto_Rico" title="History of the Jews in Puerto Rico"><span class="wrap">Puerto Rico</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Suriname" title="History of the Jews in Suriname">Suriname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Uruguay" title="History of the Jews in Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Venezuela" title="History of the Jews in Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Oceania" title="History of the Jews in Oceania">Oceania</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Australia" title="History of the Jews in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Fiji" title="History of the Jews in Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Guam" title="History of the Jews in Guam">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_New_Zealand" title="History of the Jews in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Palau" title="History of the Jews in Palau">Palau</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Jewish_religious_movements" title="Jewish religious movements">Denominations</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Judaism" title="Orthodox Judaism">Orthodox</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Modern_Orthodox_Judaism" title="Modern Orthodox Judaism">Modern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haredi_Judaism" title="Haredi Judaism">Haredi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasidic_Judaism" title="Hasidic Judaism">Hasidic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reform_Judaism" title="Reform Judaism"><span class="wrap">Reform</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Judaism" title="Conservative Judaism">Conservative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karaite_Judaism" title="Karaite Judaism">Karaite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconstructionist_Judaism" title="Reconstructionist Judaism">Reconstructionist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Renewal" title="Jewish Renewal">Renewal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Science" title="Jewish Science">Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haymanot" title="Haymanot">Haymanot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanistic_Judaism" title="Humanistic Judaism">Humanistic</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Jewish_culture" title="Jewish culture">Culture</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Customs</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minyan" title="Minyan">Minyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_wedding" title="Jewish wedding">Wedding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_religious_clothing" title="Jewish religious clothing">Clothing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niddah" title="Niddah">Niddah</a></li> <li><span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Pidyon_haben" title="Pidyon haben">Pidyon haben</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashrut" title="Kashrut">Kashrut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shidduch" title="Shidduch">Shidduch</a></li> <li><span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Zeved_habat" title="Zeved habat">Zeved habat</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conversion_to_Judaism" title="Conversion to Judaism"><span class="wrap">Conversion to Judaism</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aliyah" title="Aliyah">Aliyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiloni" title="Hiloni">Hiloni</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Jewish_music" title="Jewish music">Music</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religious_Jewish_music" title="Religious Jewish music">Religious</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secular_Jewish_music" title="Secular Jewish music">Secular</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Jewish_art" title="Jewish art">Art</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Jewish_art" title="Ancient Jewish art">Ancient</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yiddish_theatre" title="Yiddish theatre">Yiddish theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_dance" title="Jewish dance">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_humor" title="Jewish humor">Humour</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Jewish_cuisine" title="Jewish cuisine">Cuisine</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Jewish_cuisine" title="American Jewish cuisine">American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_cuisine#Ashkenazi" title="Jewish cuisine">Ashkenazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bukharan_Jewish_cuisine" title="Bukharan Jewish cuisine">Bukharan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Jewish_cuisine" title="Ethiopian Jewish cuisine">Ethiopian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_cuisine" title="Israeli cuisine">Israeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Israelite_cuisine" title="Ancient Israelite cuisine">Israelite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizrahi_Jewish_cuisine" title="Mizrahi Jewish cuisine">Mizrahi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sephardic_Jewish_cuisine" title="Sephardic Jewish cuisine">Sephardic</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Jewish_literature" title="Jewish literature">Literature</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_literature" title="Israeli literature">Israeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yiddish_literature" title="Yiddish literature">Yiddish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_American_literature" title="Jewish American literature">American</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Jewish_languages" title="Jewish languages">Languages</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Biblical_Hebrew" title="Biblical Hebrew">Biblical</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yiddish" title="Yiddish">Yiddish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeshivish" title="Yeshivish">Yeshivish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Koine_Greek" title="Jewish Koine Greek">Jewish Koine Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yevanic_language" title="Yevanic language">Yevanic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Tat" title="Judeo-Tat">Judeo-Tat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_Sign_Language" title="Israeli Sign Language">Shassi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Iranian_languages" title="Judeo-Iranian languages">Judaeo-Iranian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judaeo-Spanish" title="Judaeo-Spanish">Judaeo-Spanish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Gascon" title="Judeo-Gascon">Judeo-Gascon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algerian_Jewish_Sign_Language" title="Algerian Jewish Sign Language">Ghardaïa Sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bukharian_(Judeo-Tajik_dialect)" title="Bukharian (Judeo-Tajik dialect)">Bukharian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knaanic_language" title="Knaanic language">Knaanic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zarphatic_language" title="Zarphatic language">Zarphatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Italian_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Judeo-Italian languages">Judeo-Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judaeo-Georgian" title="Judaeo-Georgian">Judaeo-Georgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Aramaic_languages" title="Judeo-Aramaic languages">Judeo-Aramaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Arabic_dialects" class="mw-redirect" title="Judeo-Arabic dialects">Judeo-Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Berber_language" title="Judeo-Berber language">Judeo-Berber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Malayalam" title="Judeo-Malayalam">Judeo-Malayalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domari_language" title="Domari language">Domari</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Judaism_and_politics" title="Judaism and politics">Politics</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Jewish_political_movements" title="Jewish political movements">Jewish political movements</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Autonomism" title="Jewish Autonomism">Autonomism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bundism" title="Bundism">Bundism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_feminism" title="Jewish feminism">Feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_left" title="Jewish left">Leftism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_secularism" title="Jewish secularism">Secularism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Territorial_Organization" title="Jewish Territorial Organization">Territorialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Agudath_Israel" title="World Agudath Israel">World Agudath Israel</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Zionism" title="Zionism">Zionism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Zionists" title="General Zionists">General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Zionism" title="Green Zionism">Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labor_Zionism" title="Labor Zionism">Labor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kahanism" title="Kahanism">Kahanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revisionist_Maximalism" title="Revisionist Maximalism">Maximalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Zionism" title="Neo-Zionism">Neo-Zionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_Zionism" title="Religious Zionism">Religious</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revisionist_Zionism" title="Revisionist Zionism">Revisionist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-Zionism" title="Post-Zionism">Post-Zionism</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Jews_and_Judaism" title="Category:Jews and Judaism">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Judaism" title="Portal:Judaism">Portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Jews_and_Judaism_sidebar" title="Template:Jews and Judaism sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Jews_and_Judaism_sidebar" title="Template talk:Jews and Judaism sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Jews_and_Judaism_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Jews and Judaism sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The word may derive from the <a href="/wiki/Semitic_root" title="Semitic root">Hebrew root</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095"><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">נ-צ-ה</span>‎ [n-ts-h].<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">Tzitzit</i></span> shares this root with the Hebrew for 'lock of hair'. For example, in the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Ezekiel" title="Book of Ezekiel">Book of Ezekiel</a> an angel grabs the prophet "by the <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">tzitzit</i></span> of [his] head;" he could be said to be "dragged by his hair."<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A popular etymological interpretation of <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">tzitzit</i></span> derives from another word which shares this root. <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">Nitzah</i></span> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095"><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">נִצָּה</span>‎ 'budding flower') may once have referred to floral ornamentation on clothing. One can hear distinct similarities with contemporaneous <a href="/wiki/Akkadian_language" title="Akkadian language">Akkadian</a> clothing vocabulary: <span title="Akkadian-language romanization"><i lang="akk-Latn">sisiktu</i></span> ('thread', 'edge', 'loom') or <span title="Akkadian-language romanization"><i lang="akk-Latn">tsitstsatu</i></span> (a floral ornamentation).<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This hypothesis is supported by the fact that the custom of making fringes from extending the threads of embroidery was common in the ancient Near East as the means of strengthening the fabric. The further analyses of the antique iconography suggest that apart from this pragmatic purpose the tassels could also decorate the cloth and as such be a marker of the social status: the more elaborate and elegant the fringes, the higher the position of the owner. In addition to this and given the unique nature of each of the tassels it could also be used as a personal "signet" for sealing documents.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This data has led the scholars to assume that the practice itself is of very ancient origins and evolved into Jewish ritual clothing where it was invested with religious meaning.<sup id="cite_ref-:23_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:23-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The ending <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">-it</i></span> is the feminine adjectival suffix, used here to form a feminine singular noun. In the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Bible" title="Hebrew Bible">Hebrew Bible</a> (<span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">Tanakh</i></span>), this noun is used to refer to one or many tassels, but later scholars used the feminine plural <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">tzitziyot</i></span>. In English-language academic texts on Judaica the term is sometimes translated as <i>show-fringes</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Septuagint" title="Septuagint">Septuagint</a> translation is <i>tassels</i> (Greek plural <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a>: <span lang="grc">κράσπεδα</span> <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">kraspeda</i></span>, from singular <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a>: <span lang="grc">κράσπεδον</span> <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">kraspedon</i></span>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Torah_sources">Torah sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tzitzit&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Torah sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Pentateuch" class="mw-redirect" title="Pentateuch">Five Books of Moses</a> mention ritual fringes in two places: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Hashem said to Moses as follows: Speak to the sons of Israel and say to them [that they must] make for themselves <i>tzitzit</i> upon the corners of the clothes for generations, and on the <i>tzitzit</i> give a string of <i>techelet</i>. And they shall have for themselves <i>tzitzit</i> and they will see them and they will remember all of the commandments of Hashem and they will do them, and they will not stray after their hearts and eyes so that they shall not pursue after them. So that they will remember and adhere to all of my commandments and will remain holy to their God. I am Hashem your God who took you out of the land of Egypt to be for you a God. I am Hashem your God.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Numbers" title="Book of Numbers">Numbers</a> 15:37-41, Sefaria Community Translation<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>You shall make tassels on the four corners of the garment with which you cover yourself.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a href="/wiki/Deuteronomy" class="mw-redirect" title="Deuteronomy">Deuteronomy</a> <a href="/wiki/Deuteronomy_22#Verse_12" title="Deuteronomy 22">22:12</a>, Sefaria Community Translation<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <p>Since the Hebrew word <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">kanaph</i></span> can mean 'corner' or 'border', the specific place of the attachment of the fringes is unclear. Their exact number is also not specified. Lastly, the passage lacks any instructions on the binding of the fringes, save for the obligation to include "a cord of blue" (Heb. <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">ptil tchelet</i></span>). The lack of detail on these points suggests that the tying of <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">tzitzit</i></span> was to a great extent <a href="/wiki/Oral_Torah" title="Oral Torah">Oral Torah</a> until the third to first century BCE with the codifying of the <a href="/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud">Talmud</a>. </p><p>The primary mnemonic purposes of this <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">mitzvah</i></span> are expressed clearly: wearing <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">tzitzit</i></span> reminds a daily practitioner to bring God's love into action by practicing all other <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">mitzvot</i></span><i>.</i> The paragraph from Numbers is included in daily prayer as the final paragraph of the <a href="/wiki/Shema_Yisrael" class="mw-redirect" title="Shema Yisrael">Shema</a>. Here, <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">tzitzit</i></span> also remind Jews that they are no longer slaves.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rabbinic_Judaism">Rabbinic Judaism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tzitzit&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Rabbinic Judaism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Tallit" title="Tallit">Tallit</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Man_wearing_tallit_katan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Man_wearing_tallit_katan.jpg/220px-Man_wearing_tallit_katan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="343" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Man_wearing_tallit_katan.jpg/330px-Man_wearing_tallit_katan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c0/Man_wearing_tallit_katan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="434" data-file-height="676" /></a><figcaption>Man wearing <a href="/wiki/Tallit_katan" class="mw-redirect" title="Tallit katan">tallit katan</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud">Talmud</a> equates observance of <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">tzitzit</i></span> with that of all the <a href="/wiki/613_Mitzvot" class="mw-redirect" title="613 Mitzvot">mitzvot</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Maimonides" title="Maimonides">Maimonides</a> includes it as a major commandment along with <a href="/wiki/Brit_Milah" class="mw-redirect" title="Brit Milah">circumcision</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Korban_Pesach" class="mw-redirect" title="Korban Pesach">Passover offering</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <i><a href="/wiki/Tallit" title="Tallit">tallit</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Tallit_katan" class="mw-redirect" title="Tallit katan">tallit katan</a></i> are four-cornered garments worn by practicing Jews which incorporate <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">tzitzit</i></span>. The <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">tallit katan</i></span> garment itself is commonly referred to as <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">tzitzit</i></span>.The tallit is typically worn over the shirt/ clothes, like a cloak, whereas the tallit katan (or arba kanfot) is smaller and worn underneath the clothing. It is a simplistic garment with a front and back fold, creating four corners to which the tzitzit are fastened. The blue thread mentioned in the Torah, <i><a href="/wiki/Tekhelet" title="Tekhelet">tekhelet</a></i>, is omitted by most <a href="/wiki/Rabbinic_Judaism" title="Rabbinic Judaism">Rabbinic Jews</a> due to controversy over the dye-making process. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fabrics">Fabrics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tzitzit&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Fabrics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The medieval rabbis debated the source of the <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">tzitzit</i></span> obligation for garments made from different types of fabric. All agree that garments made from wool or linen (the typical materials of Biblical garments) require <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">tzitzit</i></span> by Biblical law. However, they debated whether the requirement is <a href="/wiki/List_of_Talmudic_principles#De'oraita_and_derabanan" title="List of Talmudic principles">Biblical or rabbinic</a> if the garment is made from any other material. The <a href="/wiki/Shulchan_Aruch" title="Shulchan Aruch">Shulchan Aruch</a> ruled that this obligation is rabbinic, while the <a href="/wiki/Moshe_Isserlis" class="mw-redirect" title="Moshe Isserlis">Rema</a> ruled that it is Biblical.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Torah forbids <i><a href="/wiki/Shatnez" title="Shatnez">shatnez</a></i> ("intertying" wool and linen together).<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, unlike other forms of <i><a href="/wiki/Kil%27ayim_(prohibition)" title="Kil'ayim (prohibition)">kil'ayim</a></i> (combinations of various phenomena like planting different types of seed or ploughing with different animals<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), there is an exception to the rule: <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">shatnez</i></span> was not only allowed but required in the priestly garments, which combined dyed-wool and linen threads.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the rabbis, this exemption to <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">shatnez</i></span> applied only while performing priestly service.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rabbinic Judaism (but not <a href="/wiki/Karaite_Judaism" title="Karaite Judaism">Karaite Judaism</a> or <a href="/wiki/Samaritanism" title="Samaritanism">Samaritanism</a>) makes a further exemption to this law for <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">tzitzit</i></span>, based on the Torah's juxtaposition of the laws for <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">shaatnez</i></span> and <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">tzitzit</i></span> in Deuteronomy 22:11-12.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus, according to rabbinic Judaism, both laymen and priests were supposed to wear mixtures of wool and linen all the time. From this perspective, the <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">shatnez</i></span> of the layman reflects that of the priest.<sup id="cite_ref-:23_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:23-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In practice, <a href="/wiki/Chazal" title="Chazal">the rabbinic sages</a> permitted using wool and linen strings in tandem only when what they hold to be genuine <a href="/wiki/Tekhelet" title="Tekhelet">tekhelet</a> is available.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Threads_and_knots">Threads and knots</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tzitzit&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Threads and knots"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tzitzith.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Tzitzith.jpg/150px-Tzitzith.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Tzitzith.jpg/225px-Tzitzith.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Tzitzith.jpg/300px-Tzitzith.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>The all-white <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">tzitzit</i></span> is Ashkenazi. The blue and white <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">tzitzit</i></span> is knotted in the Sephardi style. Note the difference between the 7-8-11-13 scheme and uninterrupted windings (between the knots) on the Ashkenazi, vs. the 10-5-6-5 scheme and ridged winding on the Sephardi <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">tzitzit</i></span>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Arba_Kanfot.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Arba_Kanfot.jpg/220px-Arba_Kanfot.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Arba_Kanfot.jpg/330px-Arba_Kanfot.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Arba_Kanfot.jpg/440px-Arba_Kanfot.jpg 2x" data-file-width="533" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Knitted <a href="/wiki/Tallit" title="Tallit">arba kanfot</a> with worn tzitzit (2 of 4), Basel, 1930s, in the collection of the <a href="/wiki/Jewish_Museum_of_Switzerland" title="Jewish Museum of Switzerland">Jewish Museum of Switzerland</a>.  </figcaption></figure> <p>The tassel (<span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">tzitzit</i></span>) on each corner is made of four strands,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which must be made with intent.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These strands are then threaded and hang down, appearing to be eight. (It is customary that each of the four strands is made of eight fine threads, known as <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">kaful shemoneh</i></span>). The four strands are passed through a hole (or according to some: two holes) 1-2 inches (25 to 50 mm) away from the corner of the cloth. There are numerous customs as to how to tie the tassels. The Talmud explains that the Bible requires an upper knot (<span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">kesher elyon</i></span>) and one wrapping of three winds (<span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">hulya</i></span>). The Talmud enjoined that between seven and thirteen <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">hulyot</i></span> be tied, and that "one must start and end with the color of the garment". As for the making of knots in between the <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">hulyot</i></span>, the Talmud is inconclusive, and as such later <a href="/wiki/Posek" title="Posek">poskim</a> have interpreted this requirement in various ways.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Talmud described tying assuming the use of <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">tekhelet</i></span> dye. Following the loss of the source of the dye, various customs of tying were introduced to compensate for the lack of this primary element. </p><p>The tying method which gained the widest acceptance can be described as follows:<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The four strands of the <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">tzitzit</i></span> are passed through a hole near the garment's corner.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The two groups of four ends are double-knotted to each other at the edge of the garment near the hole.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of the four strands (known as the <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">shamash</i></span>) is made longer than the others.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The long end of the <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">shamash</i></span> is wound around the other seven ends and double-knotted; this is done repeatedly so as to make a total of five double knots separated by four sections of winding, with a total length of at least four inches, leaving free-hanging ends that are twice that long<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This tying procedure is used for each of the garment's four corners; if it has more than four corners, the four that are farthest apart are used.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Ashkenazi" class="mw-redirect" title="Ashkenazi">Ashkenazi</a> custom, the four sections of winding number 7-8-11-13 winds, respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The total number of winds comes to 39, which is the same number of winds if one were to tie according to the Talmud's instruction of 13 <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">hulyot</i></span> of 3 winds each. Furthermore, the number 39 is found to be significant in that it is the <a href="/wiki/Gematria" title="Gematria">gematria</a> (numerical equivalent) of the words: "The Lord is One" (Deuteronomy 6:4). Others, especially <a href="/wiki/Sephardi_Jews" class="mw-redirect" title="Sephardi Jews">Sephardi Jews</a>, use 10-5-6-5 as the number of windings, a combination that represents directly the spelling of the <a href="/wiki/Tetragrammaton" title="Tetragrammaton">Tetragrammaton</a> (whose numerical value is 26). </p><p>Before tying begins, declaration of intent is recited: <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">L'Shem Mitzvat Tzitzit</i></span> ('for the sake of the commandment of <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">tzitzit</i></span>'). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Interpretations">Interpretations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tzitzit&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Interpretations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ChildTzitzit.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/ChildTzitzit.jpg/250px-ChildTzitzit.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="325" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/ChildTzitzit.jpg/375px-ChildTzitzit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/ChildTzitzit.jpg/500px-ChildTzitzit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1043" data-file-height="1357" /></a><figcaption>A child's <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">tzitzit</i></span> attached to school shirt</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Rashi" title="Rashi">Rashi</a>, a prominent Jewish commentator, bases the number of knots on a gematria: the word <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">tzitzit</i></span> (in its <a href="/wiki/Mishnah" title="Mishnah">Mishnaic</a> spelling, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095"><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">ציצית</span>‎) has the value 600. Each tassel has eight threads (when doubled over) and five sets of knots, totaling 13. The sum of all numbers is 613, traditionally the <a href="/wiki/613_mitzvot" class="mw-redirect" title="613 mitzvot">number of commandments</a> in the Torah. This reflects the concept that donning a garment with <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">tzitzyot</i></span> reminds its wearer of all Torah commandments, as specified in Numbers 15:39. (Rashi knots are worn by the majority of <a href="/wiki/Ashkenazi" class="mw-redirect" title="Ashkenazi">Ashkenazic</a> Eastern European Jews.) </p><p><a href="/wiki/Nachmanides" title="Nachmanides">Nachmanides</a> disagrees with Rashi, pointing out that the Biblical spelling of the word <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">tzitzit</i></span> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095"><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">ציצת</span>‎) has the gematria of 590 rather than 600, which upends Rashi's proposed gematria. He points out that in the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Bible" title="Hebrew Bible">Biblical</a> quote "you shall see <i>it</i> and remember them", the singular form <i>it</i> can refer only to the thread of <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">tekhelet</i></span>. The <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">tekhelet</i></span> strand serves this purpose, explains the Talmud, for the blue color of <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">tekhelet</i></span> resembles the ocean, which in turn resembles the sky, which in turn is said to resemble God's holy throne – thus reminding all of the divine mission to fulfill His commandments. (Nachmanides knots are worn by the majority of <a href="/wiki/Sephardi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sephardi">Sephardic</a> Jews and <a href="/wiki/Teimani" class="mw-redirect" title="Teimani">Teimani</a> Jews) </p><p>Modern Biblical scholar <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Milgrom" title="Jacob Milgrom">Jacob Milgrom</a> notes than in ancient Middle Eastern societies, the corner of the garment was often elaborately decorated to "ma[k]e an important social statement", functioning as a "symbolic extension of the owner himself".<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also notes that the Torah requires <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">tekhelet</i></span>, normally a royal and priestly color, to be used by all Jews: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">tzitzit</i></span> are the epitome of the democratic thrust within Judaism, which equalizes not by leveling but by elevating. All of Israel is enjoined to become a nation of priests... <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">tzitzit</i></span> is not restricted to Israel's leaders, be they kings, rabbis or scholars. It is the uniform of all Israel...<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Color_of_the_strings">Color of the strings</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tzitzit&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Color of the strings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Tekhelet">Tekhelet</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tzitzit&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Tekhelet"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Tekhelet" title="Tekhelet">Tekhelet</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tzitzit_tchelet.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Tzitzit_tchelet.jpg/250px-Tzitzit_tchelet.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="333" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Tzitzit_tchelet.jpg/375px-Tzitzit_tchelet.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Tzitzit_tchelet.jpg/500px-Tzitzit_tchelet.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1728" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>A set of <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">tzitzyot</i></span> with blue <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">tekhelet</i></span> thread</figcaption></figure> <p><span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">Tekhelet</i></span> (<span title="Hebrew-language text"><span lang="he" dir="rtl">תכלת</span></span>) is a color dye which the Hebrew Bible commands the Jews to use for one, two, or four of the eight half-strings hanging down (as interpreted in Rabbinic Judaism), or a number of cords ranging from one up to the same number of threads as the non-<span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">tekhelet</i></span> threads (according to opinions in Karaite Judaism). At some point following the destruction of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Temple" title="Second Temple">Second Temple</a>, the knowledge and tradition about the correct method of the dye was lost for Rabbinic Judaism in Israel and since then, most rabbinic <a href="/wiki/Diaspora" title="Diaspora">diaspora</a> Jews and Israeli Jews as well have worn plain white <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">tzitziyot</i></span> without any dyes.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tekhelet, which appears 48 times in the Tanakh – translated by the <a href="/wiki/Septuagint" title="Septuagint">Septuagint</a> as <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><i lang="grc-Latn">iakinthinos</i></span> (<a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: <span lang="el">ὑακίνθινος</span>, blue) – is a specific blue-violet dye produced, according to the rabbis, from a creature referred to as a Ḥillazon, other blue dyes being unacceptable. Some<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> explain the black stripes found on many traditional prayer shawls as representing the loss of this dye. </p><p>While there is no prohibition on wearing blue dye from another source, the rabbis maintain that other kinds of <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">tekhelet</i></span> do not fulfill the mitzvah of <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">tekhelet</i></span>, and thus all the strings have been traditionally kept un-dyed (i.e., white) for many centuries. In recent times, with the (debated) re-discovery of the Ḥillazon in the <i><a href="/wiki/Murex_trunculus" class="mw-redirect" title="Murex trunculus">Murex trunculus</a></i> mollusk,<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> some have noted that one cannot fulfill the mitzvah of <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">tzitzit</i></span> without the <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">tekhelet</i></span> strand.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This position, however, has been strongly disputed.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Others have disputed whether the coloring that comes from the <i>Murex trunculus</i> is the same as the biblical <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">tekhelet</i></span>, based on the fact that according to traditional Jewish sources <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">tekhelet</i></span> is supposed to be a dark shade of blue, while wool that was discovered in archaeological excavations and was found to have been colored with Murex dye is violet.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">tekhelet</i></span> is used, there are varying opinions in <a href="/wiki/Rabbinic_literature" title="Rabbinic literature">rabbinic literature</a> as to how many of the strands are to be dyed: one of eight (<a href="/wiki/Maimonides" title="Maimonides">Rambam</a>), two of eight (<a href="/wiki/Abraham_ben_David" title="Abraham ben David">Raavad</a>), four of eight (<a href="/wiki/Tosafot" title="Tosafot">Tosafot</a>). While the white threads are to be made of the material of the garment, rabbinic law instructs that the <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">tekhelet</i></span>-dyed thread must be made of wool. </p><p>According to several rabbinic sages, blue is the color of God's Glory.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Staring at this color aids in meditation, bringing us a glimpse of the "pavement of sapphire, like the very sky for purity", which is a likeness of the Throne of God.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many items in the Mishkan, the portable sanctuary in the wilderness, such as the Menorah, many of the vessels, and the Ark of the Covenant, were covered with a blue-violet cloth when transported from place to place.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Photo_shows_a_tassel_(tzitzit)_worn_on_each_of_the_four_corners_of_a_Jew%27s_garment.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Photo_shows_a_tassel_%28tzitzit%29_worn_on_each_of_the_four_corners_of_a_Jew%27s_garment.jpg/220px-Photo_shows_a_tassel_%28tzitzit%29_worn_on_each_of_the_four_corners_of_a_Jew%27s_garment.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="457" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Photo_shows_a_tassel_%28tzitzit%29_worn_on_each_of_the_four_corners_of_a_Jew%27s_garment.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="231" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Yemenite <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">tzitzit</i></span>, based on Maimonides' prescription</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="The_other_threads">The other threads</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tzitzit&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: The other threads"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The other threads in the <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">tzitzit</i></span> (all the threads, where <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">tekhelet</i></span> is not used) are described as "white". This may be interpreted either literally (by <a href="/wiki/Moses_Isserles" title="Moses Isserles">Rama</a>) or as meaning the same colour as the main garment (Rambam). Normally, the garment itself is white so that the divergence does not arise. Similarly the threads may be made either of wool or of the same fabric as the garment; again many authorities recommend using a woollen garment so that all views are satisfied. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tzitzit_for_women"><i>Tzitzit</i> for women</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tzitzit&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Tzitzit for women"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In rabbinic law, <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">tzitzit</i></span> is considered a "time-dependent positive commandment", as the Torah (Numbers 15:39) mentions "seeing" one's <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">tzitzit</i></span>, and one could not see them in the darkness of night, but rather only in daytime.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In general, women are not required to perform time-dependent positive commandments,<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but may perform them if they choose to. Therefore, many <a href="/wiki/Rishonim" title="Rishonim">Rishonim</a> permitted women to wear <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">tzitzit</i></span> (including <a href="/wiki/Isaac_ibn_Ghiyyat" title="Isaac ibn Ghiyyat">Isaac ibn Ghiyyat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rashi" title="Rashi">Rashi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rabbeinu_Tam" title="Rabbeinu Tam">Rabbeinu Tam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zerachya_ben_Yitzhak_Halevi_of_Lunel" class="mw-redirect" title="Zerachya ben Yitzhak Halevi of Lunel">Baal HaMaor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maimonides" title="Maimonides">Rambam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eliezer_ben_Yoel_Halevi" class="mw-redirect" title="Eliezer ben Yoel Halevi">Raaviyah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shlomo_ibn_Aderet" title="Shlomo ibn Aderet">Rashba</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Aharon_HaLevi" title="Aharon HaLevi">Ra'ah</a>). Similarly, the <a href="/wiki/Shulchan_Aruch" title="Shulchan Aruch">Shulchan Aruch</a> rules that women may wear garments with <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">tzitzit</i></span>. Opinions differ on whether women may make the blessing on such "optional" commandments; in general Ashkenazi women make the blessing, and Sephardic women do not.<sup id="cite_ref-ph_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ph-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the same time, other Rishonim, beginning with R' <a href="/wiki/Meir_of_Rothenburg" title="Meir of Rothenburg">Meir of Rothenburg</a>, hold that women should not wear <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">tzitzit</i></span> for various reasons. The <a href="/wiki/Moses_Isserles" title="Moses Isserles">Rema</a> states that while women are technically allowed to don a <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">tallit</i></span>, doing so would appear to be an act of arrogance (<span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">yuhara</i></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Yaakov_ben_Moshe_Levi_Moelin" title="Yaakov ben Moshe Levi Moelin">Maharil</a><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Targum" title="Targum">Targum</a> <a href="/wiki/Targum_Pseudo-Jonathan" title="Targum Pseudo-Jonathan">Yonatan Ben Uziel</a><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> view a garment with <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">tzitzit</i></span> as a "male garment", and thus forbidden to women as cross-dressing. Some other sources mention concern for <i><a href="/wiki/Shaatnez" class="mw-redirect" title="Shaatnez">shaatnez</a></i> or <a href="/wiki/Hotzaah" title="Hotzaah">carrying on shabbat</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ph_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ph-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The vast majority of contemporary Orthodox authorities forbid the donning of a <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">tallit</i></span> by women,<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although <a href="/wiki/Moshe_Feinstein" title="Moshe Feinstein">Moshe Feinstein</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Soloveitchik" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph Soloveitchik">Joseph Soloveitchik</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Eliezer_Melamed" title="Eliezer Melamed">Eliezer Melamed</a> approve women wearing <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">tzitzit</i></span> in private, if their motivation is "for God's sake" rather than motivated by external movements such as feminism.<sup id="cite_ref-ph_42-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ph-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When the <a href="/wiki/Joel_Teitelbaum" title="Joel Teitelbaum">Satmar Rebbe</a>'s wife died, she was found to be wearing <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">tzitzit</i></span> (a <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">tallit kattan</i></span>) under her clothes.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Women in <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Judaism" title="Conservative Judaism">Conservative Judaism</a> have revived the wearing of the <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">tallit</i></span> since the 1970s, usually using colors and fabrics distinct from the traditional garment worn by men.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Rabbinical_Assembly" title="Rabbinical Assembly">Rabbinical Assembly</a> has since formally approved the wearing and tying of <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">tzitzit</i></span> by women.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has become common in <a href="/wiki/Reform_Judaism" title="Reform Judaism">Reform</a> and other non-Orthodox streams for girls to receive a <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">tallit</i></span> at their bat mitzvah,<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although some do not subsequently wear it on a regular basis.<sup id="cite_ref-Gordan_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gordan-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other women have adopted the <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">tallit</i></span> later in life, to connect with their communities, embody egalitarian values, or create a personalized connection to Judaism.<sup id="cite_ref-Gordan_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gordan-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is rare for women to wear a <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">tallit katan</i></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Karaite_tzitzit">Karaite <i>tzitzit</i></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tzitzit&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Karaite tzitzit"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Karaite_Judaism#Tzitzit_(Ṣiṣiyot)" title="Karaite Judaism">Karaite Judaism § Tzitzit (Ṣiṣiyot)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Karaite_Tsitsit.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Karaite_Tsitsit.jpg/220px-Karaite_Tsitsit.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Karaite_Tsitsit.jpg/330px-Karaite_Tsitsit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Karaite_Tsitsit.jpg/440px-Karaite_Tsitsit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1456" data-file-height="584" /></a><figcaption>Example of Karaite <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">tzitziyot</i></span></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Karaite_Jews" class="mw-redirect" title="Karaite Jews">Karaite Jews</a> maintain that the <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">tzitziyot</i></span> must be braided and have the appearance of chains, rather than being knotted as are the <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">tzitziyot</i></span> of Rabbinic Judaism.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Karaites <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">tzitziyot</i></span> have blue-violet threads (<span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">tekhelet</i></span>) in them. In contrast to rabbinic Jews, Karaites believe that the <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">tekhelet</i></span> source can be any dye, except those produced from impure (a definition mostly overlapping "un-<a href="/wiki/Kosher" class="mw-redirect" title="Kosher">kosher</a>") species, such as the molluscs used by Rabbinic Jews. Instead, Karaites propose that the source of the dye was <a href="/wiki/Indigo" title="Indigo">indigo</a> or <a href="/wiki/Woad" class="mw-redirect" title="Woad">woad</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Isatis_tinctoria" title="Isatis tinctoria">Isatis tinctoria</a></i>).<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Karaites also consider synthetic blue or blue-violet to be acceptable for <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">tekhelet</i></span>. Contrary to some claims, Karaites do not hang <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">tzitziyot</i></span> on their walls.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Samaritan_tzitzit">Samaritan <i>tzitzit</i></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tzitzit&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Samaritan tzitzit"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Samaritans" title="Samaritans">Samaritan</a> tradition, the <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">tallit</i></span> is a gown worn over their clothes during most holy days, and the <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">tzitzit</i></span> are the 22 "buttons" on the right lapel of the gown, and the corresponding loops on its left lapel.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">tzitziyot</i></span> are always in the same color as the gown, which is usually white. </p><p>Another version of Samaritan <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">tzitzit</i></span> is the simple fringes on the sides of the very large white <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">tallit</i></span> worn by the priests when carrying a <a href="/wiki/Torah_scroll" title="Torah scroll">Torah scroll</a>. </p><p>Similarly to most Orthodox rabbinic Jews, the Samaritans hold that the blue-violet <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">tekhelet</i></span> thread for their <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">tzitziyot</i></span> was produced from a specific dye, and claim that the tradition for producing it was lost.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Contrary to some rumors, the Samaritans do not use either rabbinic or Karaite <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">tziziyot</i></span>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_archaeology_and_secular_scholarship">In archaeology and secular scholarship</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tzitzit&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: In archaeology and secular scholarship"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Asiatic_man_with_fringed_garment.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Asiatic_man_with_fringed_garment.jpg/220px-Asiatic_man_with_fringed_garment.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="457" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Asiatic_man_with_fringed_garment.jpg/330px-Asiatic_man_with_fringed_garment.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Asiatic_man_with_fringed_garment.jpg/440px-Asiatic_man_with_fringed_garment.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="996" /></a><figcaption>Asiatic (Levantine) man with fringed garment similar to <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">tzitzit</i></span> (from tomb of <a href="/wiki/Seti_I" title="Seti I">Seti I</a>, 13th century BCE)</figcaption></figure> <p>According to the modern <a href="/wiki/Documentary_hypothesis" title="Documentary hypothesis">documentary hypothesis</a>, the reference to <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">tzitzit</i></span> in Numbers comes from the <a href="/wiki/Priestly_Code" title="Priestly Code">Priestly Code</a>, while that from Deuteronomy comes from the <a href="/wiki/Deuteronomic_Code" title="Deuteronomic Code">Deuteronomic Code</a>. They are believed to date to around the late 8th century BCE and late 7th century BCE, respectively, some time after the practice became part of regular ritual.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The custom however, clearly predates these codes, and was not limited to Israel. Images of the custom have been found on several <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Near_East" title="Ancient Near East">ancient Near East</a> inscriptions in contexts suggesting that it was practiced across the Near East.<sup id="cite_ref-Peake_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Peake-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0415.htm#37">Numbers 15:37–41</a> uses the Hebrew <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">tzitzit</i></span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0522.htm#12">Deuteronomy 22:12</a> employs the plural form of <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">gadil</i></span>, which is an Akkadian loanword for a 'cord' or 'string'. The reason for this lexical change is open to speculation, yet, the scholars are inclined to assume that in the times when Deuteronomy was composed, the meaning of the <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">tzitzit</i></span> of <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0415.htm#37">Numbers 15:37</a> had been lost and the <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">gedîlîm</i></span> is a dynamic translation of an unusual term.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tzitzit&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_fringed_garments" title="Christianity and fringed garments">Christianity and fringed garments</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tzitzit&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Brown_Driver_Briggs" class="mw-redirect" title="Brown Driver Briggs">Brown Driver Briggs</a> Hebrew Lexicon</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt1208.htm#3">Ezekiel 8:3</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Francis Brown, Samuel Rolles Driver and Charles A. Briggs C.A., <i>A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament</i> (Oxford, 1907/2013) [BDB], (CD-ROM), 8084.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stephen Bertman, “Tasseled Garments in the Ancient East Mediterranean”, <i>The Biblical Archaeologist</i>, 24.4 (1961): 120-122, 128. Jacob Milgrom, “Of Hems and Tassels. Rank, Authority and Holiness Were Expressed in Antiquity by Fringes on Garments”, <i>Biblical Archaeology Review</i>, 9.3 (1983): 410. Jacob Milgrom, “Excursus 38 The Tassels (Tzitzit)”, in <i>JPS Torah Commentary. Numbers</i>, (Philadelphia, 1990), 62. See also: Eric Silverman, <i>A Cultural History of Jewish Dress</i> (London, 2013), ch. 1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:23-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:23_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:23_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKosior2018" class="citation journal cs1">Kosior, Wojciech (2018-07-27). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/36776651">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Like a Throne of Glory:" The Apotropaic Potential of Ṣîṣîṯ in the Hebrew Bible and Early Rabbinic Literature"</a>. <i>Review of Rabbinic Judaism</i>. <b>21</b> (2): 176–201. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F15700704-12341342">10.1163/15700704-12341342</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1570-0704">1570-0704</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:171703270">171703270</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Review+of+Rabbinic+Judaism&rft.atitle=%22Like+a+Throne+of+Glory%3A%22+The+Apotropaic+Potential+of+%E1%B9%A2%C3%AE%E1%B9%A3%C3%AE%E1%B9%AF+in+the+Hebrew+Bible+and+Early+Rabbinic+Literature&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=176-201&rft.date=2018-07-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A171703270%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1570-0704&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F15700704-12341342&rft.aulast=Kosior&rft.aufirst=Wojciech&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F36776651&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATzitzit" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A Theological Commentary to the Midrash: Song of Songs Rabbah - Page 243 Jacob Neusner - 2001 "The religious duties beautify Israel, now with reference to not shaving, circumcision, and show-fringes. ... The religious duties embody God's love for Israel: show-fringes, phylacteries, Shema', Prayer; then tabernacle, "</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sefaria.org/Numbers.15?lang=en&aliyot=0">"Numbers 15"</a>. <i>www.sefaria.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-05-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.sefaria.org&rft.atitle=Numbers+15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sefaria.org%2FNumbers.15%3Flang%3Den%26aliyot%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATzitzit" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sefaria.org/Deuteronomy.22.12">"Deuteronomy 22:12"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Deuteronomy+22%3A12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sefaria.org%2FDeuteronomy.22.12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATzitzit" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Babylonian_Talmud" class="mw-redirect" title="Babylonian Talmud">Talmud</a> Menachot 43b, based on the fact that the <i>tzitzit</i> command is immediately followed by the reason "You will see it, and remember all the commandments of the Lord, and perform them" (Numbers 15:39)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Commentary on <a href="/wiki/Pirkei_Avot" title="Pirkei Avot">Pirkei Avot</a> 2:1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ph.yhb.org.il/07-08-06/">חומר הטלית</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Leviticus 19:19, Deuteronomy 22:11</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Calum M. Carmichael, “Forbidden Mixtures”, <i>Vetus Testamentum</i>, 32.4 (1982): 394</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Exodus 28:6, 8, 15, and 39:29</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Menachot 43a</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Yevamot 4a, Nazir 41b, Leviticus Rabbah 22:10. See also Menahot 39b-40a where this is recorded as the position of <a href="/wiki/Beit_Hillel" title="Beit Hillel">Beit Hillel</a> but not <a href="/wiki/Beit_Shammai" class="mw-redirect" title="Beit Shammai">Beit Shammai</a>. Rabbinic sources rule this practice as permissible, while <a href="/wiki/Kabbalah" title="Kabbalah">kabbalist</a> sources go a step further by encouraging the practice (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kehuna.org/tzitzit-made-of-shatnez/">"Tzitzit made of kilayim?"</a>. Kehuna.org. 2016-05-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-04-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tzitzit+made+of+kilayim%3F&rft.pub=Kehuna.org&rft.date=2016-05-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkehuna.org%2Ftzitzit-made-of-shatnez%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATzitzit" class="Z3988"></span>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kehuna.org/tzitzit-made-of-shatnez/">"Tzitzit made of kilayim?"</a>. Kehuna.org. 2016-05-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-04-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tzitzit+made+of+kilayim%3F&rft.pub=Kehuna.org&rft.date=2016-05-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkehuna.org%2Ftzitzit-made-of-shatnez%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATzitzit" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sefaria.org.il/Menachot.39b.3?lang=bi&with=all&lang2=en">Menachot 39b</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sefaria.org.il/Sukkah.9a.10?lang=bi&with=all&lang2=en">Sukkah 9a</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tekhelet.com/tying-options/">Diagrams, Videos, & Explanations of Tying Methods</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Shulchan_Aruch" title="Shulchan Aruch">Shulchan Aruch</a> <a href="/wiki/Orach_Chaim" class="mw-redirect" title="Orach Chaim">Orach Chaim</a> 11:9-11:15</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Shulchan_Aruch" title="Shulchan Aruch">Shulchan Aruch</a> <a href="/wiki/Orach_Chaim" class="mw-redirect" title="Orach Chaim">Orach Chaim</a> 11:12-13</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Shulchan_Aruch" title="Shulchan Aruch">Shulchan Aruch</a> <a href="/wiki/Orach_Chaim" class="mw-redirect" title="Orach Chaim">Orach Chaim</a> 11:14,15</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Shulchan_Aruch" title="Shulchan Aruch">Shulchan Aruch</a> <a href="/wiki/Orach_Chaim" class="mw-redirect" title="Orach Chaim">Orach Chaim</a> 11:4</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Shulchan_Aruch" title="Shulchan Aruch">Shulchan Aruch</a> <a href="/wiki/Orach_Chaim" class="mw-redirect" title="Orach Chaim">Orach Chaim</a> 11:14</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Shulchan_Aruch" title="Shulchan Aruch">Shulchan Aruch</a> <a href="/wiki/Orach_Chaim" class="mw-redirect" title="Orach Chaim">Orach Chaim</a> 10:1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.divreinavon.com/pdf/GoldenRatioTzitzit.pdf">Rav's Beautiful Ratio: An Excursion into Aesthetics</a>, Mois Navon, B'Or Ha'Torah, Vol. 19, 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ohr.edu/3003">Ohr Sameach: The Wrap on Tzitzit</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cojs.org/of_hems_and_tassels-_jacob_milgrom-_bar_9-03-_may-jun_1983/">Of Hems and Tassels</a>, Jacob Milgrom, BAR 9:03, May-Jun 1983.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Milgrom, <i>Numbers</i>, 414</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.divreinavon.com/pdf/HistoryMesorahNignaz.pdf">On History, Mesora and Nignaz</a>, Mois Navon, 2013</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/536810/jewish/Why-the-Tallit-Barcode.htm">Why the Tallit Barcode?</a>; Pri Megadim, Orach Chaim 9:6</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.divreinavon.com/pdf/ThreadsOfReason.pdf">Threads of Reason</a>, Mois Navon, Threads Of Reason, 2013</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tekhelet.com/pdf/muvchar.pdf">Tekhelet in Tzitzit: A Choice Mitzvah or an Absolute Obligation</a> R. Shmuel Ariel, Techumin 21 (5761)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tekhelet.com/pdf/bitulasei.pdf">The Definition of Nullifying a Mitzvah</a>, R. Yehuda Rock, Techumin 24 (5764)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStermanTaubes-Sterman" class="citation web cs1">Sterman, Baruch; Taubes-Sterman, Judy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tekhelet.com/pdf/BAR-Tekhelet.pdf">"The Great Tekhelet Debate—blue or purple?"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 3,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Great+Tekhelet+Debate%E2%80%94blue+or+purple%3F&rft.aulast=Sterman&rft.aufirst=Baruch&rft.au=Taubes-Sterman%2C+Judy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tekhelet.com%2Fpdf%2FBAR-Tekhelet.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATzitzit" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Numbers_Rabbah" title="Numbers Rabbah">Numbers Rabbah</a></i> 14:3; <i><a href="/wiki/Hullin" title="Hullin">Hullin</a></i> 89a.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Exodus" title="Book of Exodus">Exodus</a> 24:10; <a href="/wiki/Ezekiel" title="Ezekiel">Ezekiel</a> 1:26; <i><a href="/wiki/Hullin" title="Hullin">Hullin</a></i> 89a.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Numbers" title="Book of Numbers">Numbers</a> 4:6-12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.etzion.org.il/en/night-not-time-tzitzit">"Night is not a Time for Tzitzit"</a>. 2016-12-25.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Night+is+not+a+Time+for+Tzitzit&rft.date=2016-12-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.etzion.org.il%2Fen%2Fnight-not-time-tzitzit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATzitzit" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Babylonian_Talmud" class="mw-redirect" title="Babylonian Talmud">Babylonian Talmud</a>, tractate Kiddushin 29a</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ph-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ph_42-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ph_42-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ph_42-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEliezer_Melamed" class="citation web cs1">Eliezer Melamed. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ph.yhb.org.il/en/03-21-05/">"Women and Tzitzit"</a>. <i>Peninei Halakha</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Peninei+Halakha&rft.atitle=Women+and+Tzitzit&rft.au=Eliezer+Melamed&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fph.yhb.org.il%2Fen%2F03-21-05%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATzitzit" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Shulkhan_Arukh" class="mw-redirect" title="Shulkhan Arukh">Shulkhan Arukh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Orah_Hayyim" class="mw-redirect" title="Orah Hayyim">Orah Hayyim</a> 17:2 in <i>Mappah</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sefer Maharil 7</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Deuteronomy" title="Book of Deuteronomy">Devarim</a> 22:5</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShlomo_Brody2010" class="citation web cs1">Shlomo Brody (October 15, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jpost.com/Magazine/Personal-Notes/Why-do-Orthodox-women-not-wear-tefillin-or-tallit">"Why do Orthodox women not wear tefillin or tallit?"</a>. <i>The Jerusalem Post</i>. Jpost Inc<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 26,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post&rft.atitle=Why+do+Orthodox+women+not+wear+tefillin+or+tallit%3F&rft.date=2010-10-15&rft.au=Shlomo+Brody&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2FMagazine%2FPersonal-Notes%2FWhy-do-Orthodox-women-not-wear-tefillin-or-tallit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATzitzit" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Igrot Moshe, <a href="/wiki/Orah_Hayyim" class="mw-redirect" title="Orah Hayyim">Orah Hayyim</a> 4:49, s.v. ibra d'ika</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Mipi Sefarim VeSofrim - Der Idisher Levush, Der Blatt</i>, R Haim Teitelbaum, 7 Adar Alef 5774. Text for reference: ציצית און א גארטל ביי נשים. כ'האב געהערט מפי הגה"צ רבי יוסף ישראל זעגלבוים זצ"ל, דער ווינער רב, מח"ס עדות לישראל, אז ער האט געהערט גוף די חברא קדישא פון ק"ק סאטמאר, אז הרבנית הצדיקת מרת חוה ע"ה מחברתו הטהורה פון מרן רבינו הקדוש והטהור בעל דברי יואל מסאטמאר זי"ע בזיווג ראשון, א טאכטער פון הגה"ק רבי אברהם חיים הורוויץ זצ"ל, דער פלאנטשער רב, אז ווען די נשים צדקניות פון די חברה קדישא האבן זיך מטפל געווען מיט איר, נאך איר הסתלקות ביום ה' שבט שנת צרו"ת, האט מען געפינען אז אונטער אירע אויבערשטע מלבושים האט זי געהאט אנגעטוען א טלית קטן און א גארטל.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRebecca_Shulman_Herz2003" class="citation journal cs1">Rebecca Shulman Herz (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120317125946/http://www.utoronto.ca:80/wjudaism/contemporary/articles/Tallitot/a_shulman_herz_1.html">"The Transformation of Tallitot: How Jewish Prayer Shawls Have Changed Since Women Began Wearing Them"</a>. <i>Women in Judaism: Contemporary Writings</i>. <b>3</b> (2). University of Toronto. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.utoronto.ca/wjudaism/contemporary/articles/Tallitot/a_shulman_herz_1.html">the original</a> on 2012-03-17.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Women+in+Judaism%3A+Contemporary+Writings&rft.atitle=The+Transformation+of+Tallitot%3A+How+Jewish+Prayer+Shawls+Have+Changed+Since+Women+Began+Wearing+Them&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=2&rft.date=2003&rft.au=Rebecca+Shulman+Herz&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.utoronto.ca%2Fwjudaism%2Fcontemporary%2Farticles%2FTallitot%2Fa_shulman_herz_1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATzitzit" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRabbi_Shoshana_Gelfand2002" class="citation book cs1">Rabbi Shoshana Gelfand (2002). Rabbi Kassel Abelson; Rabbi David J. Fine (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rabbinicalassembly.org/sites/default/files/assets/public/halakhah/teshuvot/19912000/gelfand_tzitzit.pdf"><i>May Women Tie Tzitzit Knots?</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. The Committee on Jewish Law and Standards of the Conservative Movement. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780916219192" title="Special:BookSources/9780916219192"><bdi>9780916219192</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=May+Women+Tie+Tzitzit+Knots%3F&rft.pub=The+Committee+on+Jewish+Law+and+Standards+of+the+Conservative+Movement&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9780916219192&rft.au=Rabbi+Shoshana+Gelfand&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rabbinicalassembly.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fassets%2Fpublic%2Fhalakhah%2Fteshuvot%2F19912000%2Fgelfand_tzitzit.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATzitzit" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|work=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarin_Davis2010" class="citation book cs1">Carin Davis (25 May 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=g1xXDgAAQBAJ&pg=PT22"><i>Life, Love, Lox: Real-World Advice for the Modern Jewish Girl</i></a>. Running Press. p. 22. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7624-4041-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7624-4041-2"><bdi>978-0-7624-4041-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Life%2C+Love%2C+Lox%3A+Real-World+Advice+for+the+Modern+Jewish+Girl&rft.pages=22&rft.pub=Running+Press&rft.date=2010-05-25&rft.isbn=978-0-7624-4041-2&rft.au=Carin+Davis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dg1xXDgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT22&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATzitzit" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDebra_Nussbaum_Cohen2001" class="citation book cs1">Debra Nussbaum Cohen (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=W7ZilJOAWuQC&pg=PA134"><i>Celebrating Your New Jewish Daughter: Creating Jewish Ways to Welcome Baby Girls Into the Covenant : New and Traditional Ceremonies</i></a>. Jewish Lights Publishing. p. 134. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58023-090-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58023-090-2"><bdi>978-1-58023-090-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Celebrating+Your+New+Jewish+Daughter%3A+Creating+Jewish+Ways+to+Welcome+Baby+Girls+Into+the+Covenant+%3A+New+and+Traditional+Ceremonies&rft.pages=134&rft.pub=Jewish+Lights+Publishing&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-1-58023-090-2&rft.au=Debra+Nussbaum+Cohen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DW7ZilJOAWuQC%26pg%3DPA134&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATzitzit" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gordan-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gordan_53-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gordan_53-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGordan2013" class="citation book cs1">Gordan, Rachel (2013). Leonard Jay Greenspoon (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fZOtAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA167"><i>Fashioning Jews: Clothing, Culture, and Commerce</i></a>. Purdue University Press. pp. 167–176. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55753-657-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55753-657-0"><bdi>978-1-55753-657-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fashioning+Jews%3A+Clothing%2C+Culture%2C+and+Commerce&rft.pages=167-176&rft.pub=Purdue+University+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-55753-657-0&rft.aulast=Gordan&rft.aufirst=Rachel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfZOtAQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA167&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATzitzit" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavidson2014" class="citation news cs1">Davidson, Lauren (April 9, 2014). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://forward.com/articles/196159/observant-women-make-tzitzit-and-stir-controvers/">"Observant Women Make Tzitzit — and Stir Controversy"</a></span>. <i>The Forward</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Forward&rft.atitle=Observant+Women+Make+Tzitzit+%E2%80%94+and+Stir+Controversy&rft.date=2014-04-09&rft.aulast=Davidson&rft.aufirst=Lauren&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fforward.com%2Farticles%2F196159%2Fobservant-women-make-tzitzit-and-stir-controvers%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATzitzit" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.karaite-korner.org/tzitzit.shtml">"Tzitzit"</a>. <i>The Karaite Korner</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 December</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Karaite+Korner&rft.atitle=Tzitzit&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.karaite-korner.org%2Ftzitzit.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATzitzit" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rekhavi.karaitejudaism.org/sisit.shtml">Hakham Meir Yosef Rekhavi, "They Shall Make for Themselves Sisith (Fringe/Tassel)"</a>, Kharaite Judaism</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://curtisdward.wordpress.com/2011/01/05/what-is-the-true-tekhelet/">Dr. Curtis D. Ward, "What is the True Tekhelet?"</a>, 5 January 2011, Ward blog</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFreeman2012" class="citation news cs1">Freeman, Joshua (July 5, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jpost.com/LandedPages/PrintArticle.aspx?id=62229">"Laying down the (Oral) law"</a>. <i>The Jerusalem Post</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post&rft.atitle=Laying+down+the+%28Oral%29+law&rft.date=2012-07-05&rft.aulast=Freeman&rft.aufirst=Joshua&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2FLandedPages%2FPrintArticle.aspx%3Fid%3D62229&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATzitzit" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://muqata.blogspot.com/2008/04/thoughts-on-shomronim.html">"The Muqata: Thoughts on the Shomronim"</a>. 2008-04-27.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Muqata%3A+Thoughts+on+the+Shomronim&rft.date=2008-04-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmuqata.blogspot.com%2F2008%2F04%2Fthoughts-on-shomronim.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATzitzit" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Elliott_Friedman" title="Richard Elliott Friedman">Richard Elliott Friedman</a>, <i>Who Wrote the Bible?</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Peake-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Peake_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Peake%27s_Commentary_on_the_Bible" title="Peake's Commentary on the Bible">Peake's Commentary on the Bible</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stephen Bertman, “Tasseled Garments in the Ancient East Mediterranean”, <i>The Biblical Archaeologist</i>, 24.4 (1961): 119.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tzitzit&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.askmoses.com/qa_detail.html?h=150&o=140">AskMoses.com explains tzizit</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chabad.org/library/article.asp?AID=110306">Chabad.org - Tzitzith - The Laws of Fringes</a> Includes basic laws, blessings and diagrams.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.karaitetzitzit.estranky.cz/">Instructions how to make Karaite Tzitzit</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.halachipedia.com/index.php?title=Tzitzit">The Laws of Tzitzit according to mainstream Ashkenazic and Sephardic opinions</a></li> <li>Rabbi <a href="/wiki/Eliezer_Melamed" title="Eliezer Melamed">Eliezer Melamed</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://yahadut.org/en/between-man-and-god/the-synagogue-and-the-home/the-mitzva-of-tzitzit/">mitzvat tzitzit</a>, on the site of the Jewish tradition</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output 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Judaism">Ritual washing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Jewish_prayers_and_blessings" title="List of Jewish prayers and blessings">Prayers and blessings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_prayer" title="Jewish prayer">Prayer services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birkat_Hamazon" title="Birkat Hamazon">Grace after meals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashrut" title="Kashrut">Kashrut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honorifics_in_Judaism" title="Honorifics in Judaism">Honorifics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jewish_views_on_marriage" title="Jewish views on marriage">Marriage</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marriageable_age_in_Judaism" class="mw-redirect" title="Marriageable age in Judaism">Marriageable age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Judaism" title="Women in Judaism">Role of women</a></li> 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