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(PDF) BAIGA: A Visual Ethnography | Dr. Amit Soni - Academia.edu
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This field work segment I is study about the whole village in 5 dimension (social, ecological, political, cultural& economical). For that one village was selected and report was made through the community participation. The information regarding the report was collected through different participatory tool, observation, baseline survey, local governance institutions.The primary data is collected by the PRA tools, questionnaires, Personal Interview, Random Sample survey, Focus group discussion and secondary data is collected by literature review and using different official and institutional data like School, College, Panchayat, Post Office, Society, Anganwadi, Ration Shop etc. PLAM tools like Transact Walk, Historical Timeline, Trend Analysis, Social Map, Resource Map, Mobility Map, Daily Calendar, Seasonal Calendar, Crop Calendar, Pairwise Ranking, Problem- Solution Tree, Festival Calendar, Case Study, Cash Flow Analysis etc. are followed. Few literature review are followed “Nation and village- S.S. Jodhka” It explained about the detailed view of the leadership and their perception about the village. Which is most important for the political and social transformation of the village. It helps to achieved the progress of a village. “Rural Livelihood Challenges and Moving out of Agriculture-by p. Pingali” it talks about the livelihood diversification of the village, the source of additional income of the village and improve access of food and nutrition. “Role of education and culture in rural development- by S. V. Prabhath” it described the Culture and education which are inter-related and take major part in the development of the village. Ranchi is the state capital of Jharkhand, it separated from Bihar in the year 2000. Most of the population of Ranchi city is not from Jharkhand. As a state capital is has all the amenities and facilities which it should have. Railway station, airport, big shopping complex and even amusement parks are there in the city for better life of the city people. But the cruel truth is 30km away from the city there are villages which consist of a huge tribal population not even have a good access of roads or medical facility. Not even a single regulated market is there for the farmers. For schooling and higher education people have to come either the block headquarters or Ranchi. The basic financial support or direct link with the formal banking system is a daydream for the people of such villages. In the 19 years of life span Jharkhand have changed 8 times its government for a better life, but what they get is only disappointment each time. The level of corruption is in such a level that it entered into the developmental and welfare projects also. Government has started many developmental projects in the location for the betterment of the people, but the seeding of concept to the implementers was so poor that they think only about the targets or reach not about people or about the moto of schemes. This type of activity not only ruins the whole project purpose, goal or vision but also destroys the habit of the community. People become dependent and addicted to incentives for their own benefits. People become blind in the fog of incentives given by the government implementers that they cannot foresee their future and sustainability. They are seeded in mind only the government will help them all the other NGOs are fraud and not for help but exploitation. A misconception and greedy concept seeding has been done to fulfil the targets and desire of the government employees so that they get an easy and free fame what they do not deserve. A totally wrong concept seeding never helps people to move out of poverty, but it is a cause of moving towards poverty. So the first work was done during the FWS was selection of the village for work. It was selected on the criteria viz. poverty, livelihood, accessibility, culture etc. The a regressive study was done to understand the location in a holistic manner in the aspects of social, cultural, economic, political and the ecological aspects. Barahaiya village is situated in the Chanho Block, Ranchi District, Jharkhand State. Earlier this village was full of dense forest. Now this is a village and west side is covered with khadan “Tangar”. The total population of the Barahaiya village is 1721 among them total number of male is 873 and female is 848. The sex ratio of the village is 971.36. The literacy rate of the village is 77.5%. the female literacy rate is 34.7%. Their main language is Oraion, along with some people are talked in Nagpuri, Hindi, Sadri. In the village only Hindu peoples are lived. This village have three tola named Sadan tola, Oraon tola, Pahan tola. Inside the village only 4 types of Category people are lived according to tola like General, OBC,ST and SC. Among them ST caste people are high in number. In the village some peoples are lived together and some peoples lived according to caste wise. In oraon tola all 136 household oraon tribe sarna religion. In sadan toli all households are General and OBC named ahir mahto, Yadav, Rajput, kumhar. In Pahan tola all households were SC category named Pahan, gope. Coming to the Health condition there is no Primary Health Centre only one quack doctor in the village. Villagers believed in traditional method to heal the disease. If it is not cure than they will go to the quack doctor and then CHC. Community Health Center is 10 km away from the village. By swachh Bharat Abhiyan Mission all households having toilets but they didn’t sing toilets they are more comfortable in open defecation. The most vulnerable for this problem is women and adolescent girls. Many time old people those have facilities in their home, they also preferred to go for open defecation because of earlier practice. Coming to the cultural part Jharkhand is famous for art and culture of tribes which is depend on nature of the earth. Main festivals of Oraon Tribe is Sarhul, “sar means sarai flower and hul means adiwasi” like that many festivals like karma, jitiya, barka din etc. all festivals is the worshipping of nature (water, forest, mountain, trees, flowers). The main costumes for oraon tribe is white saree with red border saree for women which is the costume of their deity sarna maa and dhoti kurta for male. There is one affinity group, the Sarai Puja Committee, which conducts Sarai Puja every year, karma puja committee etc. Most of the villagers depends on agriculture where the major crop paddy and wheat while the secondary livelihood of the villagers is agri labour, driver, wage labour in iita vatta, since it gives quite income next to the agriculture as an allied activity of farming. And very few villagers are involving in service sector such like, pottery, mat making, forest products. But if we look into the value chain analysis, there is a huge problem of intermediates which decrease the marketing rate of the farmers at consumer price. so except this there some other development issue through which people are struggling which involve sanitation, electricity, failure of agriculture, health, alcoholism, domestic violence, water, superstition belief. Those things have to be address out early by the cooperation of the people. Livelihood promotion can also be done through creating a social capital as well as financial capital by collective approach of the community and government intervention also. There main occupation agriculture it is totally depend on rainfall because no irrigation facility as well as poor drinking facility also. For washing clothes and bathing they are depend on tangar which will also dry in summer season. For drinking water they used to drink well water after filter using traditional method. Their food is different from rural and urban area. They mainly consume leafy vegetables powder and forest products like kendu, khukhri, putu, rugra etc,. they are eating red ants , ants egg, snails, etc. Villagers of Barahaiya start their morning with their traditional food, "Paani Vat" (rice soaked in water), which they like most for breakfast. Other than that main traditional food is Dhushka, pua, dhudhauri etc. main traditional drink (alcohol) is Hariya which is made by spoiled rice which have bad smell, mainly all villagers are taking this drink. The main flora in the village is the Sarai tree, followed by Mahua, Neem, Banyan, Mango, Palas, putkal, kendu, tamarind, akwandvetc. The most important fauna for the community is the hen, followed by cows, goats, sheep, etc. The village having large political issue. There are 3 political parties in the village like BJP (Bharatiya Janata Party), Congress. The panchayat system of the village is divided into 4 categories like Sarpanch head of the Panchayat. Next is Nay Sarpanch having same rights as Sarpanch, she worked in the absence of the Sarpanch. Next is Samiti Sarpanch worked in the Block level and Ward Member worked in the village level, look after all the development issue of the village and inform to the Panchayat. The Governance system is not good. The Government allocated so many Schemes like Old age Pension, Widow Pension, Disabled Pension, Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana etc, but people cannot get the proper facility. Those people whose are from opposite parties they get less facility. "Empowering communities, one village at a time, through comprehensive and sustainable development."</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"ECOSYSTEM STUDY OF TRIBAL BARHAIYA VILLAGE, CHANHO BLOCK, RANCHI DISTRICT, JHARKHAND","attachmentId":116560176,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/121753444/ECOSYSTEM_STUDY_OF_TRIBAL_BARHAIYA_VILLAGE_CHANHO_BLOCK_RANCHI_DISTRICT_JHARKHAND","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/121753444/ECOSYSTEM_STUDY_OF_TRIBAL_BARHAIYA_VILLAGE_CHANHO_BLOCK_RANCHI_DISTRICT_JHARKHAND"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="66539655" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/66539655/Baiga_The_hunter_gatherers_of_central_India">Baiga-The hunter gatherers of central India</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="3242145" href="https://dhsgsu.academia.edu/RGautam">Rajesh Gautam</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Baiga-The hunter gatherers of central India","attachmentId":77691599,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/66539655/Baiga_The_hunter_gatherers_of_central_India","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/66539655/Baiga_The_hunter_gatherers_of_central_India"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="43484550" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/43484550/ECOSYSTEM_STUDY_OF_THE_DALBARI_DAKLABARI_DAKSHINSUPPA_AND_GOIBARI_VILLAGES">ECOSYSTEM STUDY OF THE DALBARI, DAKLABARI, DAKSHINSUPPA AND GOIBARI VILLAGES</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="109208830" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SaswatikTripathy">Saswatik Tripathy</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2019</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This fieldwork is about to understand the village as a whole. Reporting is done with the collected information through the methodology of applying all the PRA tools and some semi structured interview and FGDs. This report try to give the readers a well versed knowledge about all the dimensions of Bodo tribal village. Barama Block of Baksa District of Assam state. All the interpretations have done in a descriptive way with help of some charts, numerical data tables and some self-explanatory tables. A village is a geographically distinguishable place which is habitat of some human beings who lives in groups called family are socially, culturally and economically interrelated with each other. According to census data of 2011 68.84% Indians are staying in village which is around 833.1 million people live in 640,867 different villages. Among them according to the census data 2011 they are nearly 104 million people which is 8.6% of the total Indian population is belonging from the tribal community. The term “tribe”, derived from the Latin tribua, originally meant a political unit, and was later used to refer to social groups defined by the territory they occupied. Tribes are generally stayed either in forest of hilly region which is little detached from the main stream society. But there are some few tribes who lives in the plains nearer to the main stream abut still maintain their own culture, tradition and individuality. Bodo tribe is one of among them. Bodo is the one of the indigenous habitat of the north eastern India mainly in the Bramhaputra Valley of Assam. The word Bodo derived from the word Bod which means Tibet. It is identified that they are the origin of from the Indo-Mongoloid stock belonging to the Tibeto-Burman Language family. This Indo-Mongoloid group had close cultural assimilation with the Negritos, the Austro-Asiatic, the Nordic and Mediterranean races of India due to their close contact as established by history of civilization. But in spite of these the Bodos have maintained a distinctive identity The Boros prefer to call themselves as Boro or the Bodo or Borofisa. The term Boro indicates a race or a speech community speaking the Sino-Tibetan Boro language. They are recognized as a plains tribe in the Sixth Schedule of the Indian Constitution. The state of Assam is in reality divided into four more entities, viz Bengali dominated Barak Valley, Dimasa tribe dominated North Cachar Hills now known as Dima Hasao, Karbi tribe dominated Karbi Anglong and finally Bodo Kachari tribe dominated Bodoland. Bodoland is the gateway to the beautiful North Eastern Region of India, which was created very recently in the year 2007 by curving out some area of eight districts of Assam namely Kokrajhar, Dhubri, Bongaigaon, Barpeta, Nalbari, Kamrup, Darang and Sonitpur within the state of Assam. It is an autonomous Administrative unit constituted under the Sixth Schedule of the Constitution of India covering an area of 8795 Sq. Km (Provisional). Judging from the wide range of extension of their language, the Bodos appear first to have settled over the entire Brahamaputra valley and extended west into West Bengal (in Kochbehar, Rangpur and Dinajpur districts) they may have pushed into North Bihar also. The present Bodo population in the state of Assam is 52, 49,937. (Approx, figure as prepared by ABSU HQ, Kokrajhar). As the present work has a link with the ‘Bodoland Movement’ which ultimately resulted in the creation of Bodoland Territorial Council (BTC), a separate homeland for the Bodos within the state of Assam in the design of District Council (under 6th Schedule of the Constitution of India). During the study of different dimension it is clear that there culture is totally different than the Assames in the state. They are the Bodo people are very aware of their culture. They are the plain tribes and very closely living with the other cultures like the Aryans. But still they don’t lost their individuality. They maintaining it throughout the generations. Their culture is one of the richest culture of India. The word Bodo derived from the word Bod which means Tibet, its shows that they came from Tibet. They follow the religion named Bathoism. Ba means five and tho means deep. They believe that the world is made of the five element. All the villages are habitat of only Bodo tribal people who are belonging to the same caste. All of them are Schedule Tribes. Bodo tribal group is divided in to some clans i.e. Ramchiary, Borgoyary, Mosahary, Narzary, Khakhlory, and Basumatary etc. There is no specific job distribution among them according to the gender. Male and female everyone are well skilled in agriculture, household and animal husbandry works. But male usually taking care of animals and female do the household work. But in case male is not present then female also can handle the animals and male also can do household works in absence of female. There is no such social stigma that only female or male can do this some specific job. Only in case of delivery of child in home males are not allowed. If we see the above table we can easily understand the daily activity of male and female. Male took one hour rest in the afternoon but the females don’t. This is the only difference in the society. While studying about their economic system it was discovered that mainly the economy is substantial economy. The system of exchanging is barter system even they exchange family labour also. Use of cash is very low in the system. Main livelihood of Bodos is farming. They are also good in animal and birds rearing. They are good in waving in handloom. Bodos are the first cultivator of rice and silk in Assam. There are some landless Bodos also they either take the land from others as rent or work as daily wage labour. Some people have fish farming also, but it is very few in number they just do it for home consumption mainly but ow a days some people get government job like teacher and Army. Bodo political system is totally different from any other village politics in India. This area comes under an autonomous body of BTC (Bodo territorial council). So there no panchayeti raj system. There is VCDC (Village council Development Committee) what is also a three tire system what is decentralized its power into Village, block and cabinet level. 4-5 villages according to the population form a VCDC. From every village there will be a representative in the board of members of VCDC. No mass election is done for the chairman post. It is the members of VCDC who select one member among them and make him chairman. Now the BPF (Bodo People’s Front) and BJP (Bhartiya Janta Party) come to alliance to form the government. BPF is the main political party. During the study it come out that there are some challenges on the path of development in the village. Some local level leaders do not let the VCDC work accordingly. In the Batho Temple committee some people increase the interest of loan for their own greed. Alcoholism is one of the main developmental issue. For that there average life span is also low. Though they are in a remote village and don’t get so many entitlements what the main stream citizens use to get but still they are happy. While questioning them at the time of interview most of the villagers replied there is no problem exist in the village. They are busy in their world. Outside of that world do not affect them a lot. There is happiness in the air.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"ECOSYSTEM STUDY OF THE DALBARI, DAKLABARI, DAKSHINSUPPA AND GOIBARI VILLAGES","attachmentId":63793264,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/43484550/ECOSYSTEM_STUDY_OF_THE_DALBARI_DAKLABARI_DAKSHINSUPPA_AND_GOIBARI_VILLAGES","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/43484550/ECOSYSTEM_STUDY_OF_THE_DALBARI_DAKLABARI_DAKSHINSUPPA_AND_GOIBARI_VILLAGES"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="30537020" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/30537020/Socio_Economic_status_of_the_Baiga_tribe_of_Chhattisgarh_in_India">Socio-Economic status of the Baiga tribe of Chhattisgarh in India</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="8825536" href="https://ggu-in.academia.edu/RamBabu">Dr. Ram Babu</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The Indian Constitution assigns special status to the Scheduled Tribes (STs). Traditionally referred to as advises, van basis, tribes, or tribals, STs constitute about 8% of the Indian population. There are 573 Scheduled Tribes living in different parts of the country, which are different from the mainstream people of the State where they live. Baiga tribe is a primitive tribe found in central provinces of the country such as Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, and Jharkhand. The largest number of Baiga is found in Baiga-chuk in Mandla district and Balaghat district of Madhya Pradesh. Baiga are connected to Indo–Aryan Dravidian tribes who have unique socioeconomic status and life style. The major part of Baiga earning is spent on food and clothing. In Baiga community, the family is small, but the kinship structures are quite strong. They follow strict marriage rules, such as incest is a taboo, no marriage with outsiders is permitted, and monogamy is the general rule. The Baiga have expertise in medicine and the priests have their special importance. Baigas lived in the forests and carry out shifting, slash and burn cultivation for thousands of years without any influence or competition from other Indian residents. The second largest grouping of the Baigas lives in Bilaspur, Kabirdham and Surguja districts of Chhattisgarh which was formed on 1 November 2000, by partitioning 16 Chhattisgarhi districts of Madhya Pradesh. It is also the 10th largest state with an area of 135,190 km.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Socio-Economic status of the Baiga tribe of Chhattisgarh in India","attachmentId":50980824,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/30537020/Socio_Economic_status_of_the_Baiga_tribe_of_Chhattisgarh_in_India","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/30537020/Socio_Economic_status_of_the_Baiga_tribe_of_Chhattisgarh_in_India"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="71558395" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/71558395/A_Contribution_to_the_Ethnobotany_of_Jamboni_Block_with_Special_Reference_to_Resource_Mobilization_in_Lateritic_Southwest_Bengal_India">A Contribution to the Ethnobotany of Jamboni Block with Special Reference to Resource Mobilization in Lateritic Southwest Bengal, India</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="10815746" href="https://independent.academia.edu/pampighosh">pampi ghosh</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2015</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" 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style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="6334518" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/6334518/TRADITIONAL_FOOD_PLANTS_OF_BAIGA_TRIBAL_S_A_SURVEY_STUDY_IN_TRIBAL_VILLAGES_OF_AMARKANTAK_ACHANAKMAR_BIOSPHERE_CENTRAL_INDIA">TRADITIONAL FOOD PLANTS OF BAIGA TRIBAL’S: A SURVEY STUDY IN TRIBAL VILLAGES OF AMARKANTAK-ACHANAKMAR BIOSPHERE, CENTRAL INDIA</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="3497839" href="https://igntu.academia.edu/RupeshKapale">Rupesh Kapale</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"TRADITIONAL FOOD PLANTS OF BAIGA TRIBAL’S: A SURVEY STUDY IN TRIBAL VILLAGES OF AMARKANTAK-ACHANAKMAR BIOSPHERE, CENTRAL INDIA","attachmentId":33164679,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/6334518/TRADITIONAL_FOOD_PLANTS_OF_BAIGA_TRIBAL_S_A_SURVEY_STUDY_IN_TRIBAL_VILLAGES_OF_AMARKANTAK_ACHANAKMAR_BIOSPHERE_CENTRAL_INDIA","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/6334518/TRADITIONAL_FOOD_PLANTS_OF_BAIGA_TRIBAL_S_A_SURVEY_STUDY_IN_TRIBAL_VILLAGES_OF_AMARKANTAK_ACHANAKMAR_BIOSPHERE_CENTRAL_INDIA"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="40100441" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/40100441/Some_Tribes_of_Western_Madhya_Pradesh_Their_Economy_and_Change_in_Livelihood_Patterns">Some Tribes of Western Madhya Pradesh: Their Economy and Change in Livelihood Patterns</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="66142544" href="https://igntu.academia.edu/MrAmitSoniAssistantProfessor">Dr. Amit Soni</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Recent Researches on the Tribes of Central India, 2016</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Economy is the base of all activities in human life. It provides food which is the foremost important need of any living organism on earth. Human beings are more systematic for their economic production and gains than animals because they choose various ways and means to generate various articles of their need and. comforts in their day-to-day life. For food and related activities they acquire food which varies from region to region and community to community. Hence, the tribal form the hunters-gatherers, primitive agriculturists and so many other categories on the basis of their economy. Now, some groups have acquired knowledge and means to adopt neo-technique ecotypes, i.e. the year-round cultivation of arable land aided by the development of crop rotation and the use of fertilizers.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Some Tribes of Western Madhya Pradesh: Their Economy and Change in Livelihood Patterns","attachmentId":60310702,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/40100441/Some_Tribes_of_Western_Madhya_Pradesh_Their_Economy_and_Change_in_Livelihood_Patterns","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/40100441/Some_Tribes_of_Western_Madhya_Pradesh_Their_Economy_and_Change_in_Livelihood_Patterns"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="38309318" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/38309318/Study_of_Barh_Bagpura_Village_Chaksu_Jaipur">Study of Barh Bagpura Village,Chaksu,Jaipur</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="42806891" href="https://duac.academia.edu/abhishekkumar">abhishek kumar</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="36856002" href="https://independent.academia.edu/meghachoppari">megha choppari</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="88190304" href="https://independent.academia.edu/VivekAgrawal71">Vivek Agrawal</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="76604820" href="https://independent.academia.edu/krishnakumarsingh9">krishna kumar singh</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="46530168" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SharanyaNair7">Sharanya Sharanya</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The study has been conducted by students pursuing M.A Social Work at Department of Social Work, University of Delhi as a part of their academic assignment submitted for the paper Rural Community Development. The study sheds light on the socio-economic realities, livelihood, associational life, institutional infrastructure,role of civil societies etc aspects of the village.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Study of Barh Bagpura Village,Chaksu,Jaipur","attachmentId":58358019,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/38309318/Study_of_Barh_Bagpura_Village_Chaksu_Jaipur","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/38309318/Study_of_Barh_Bagpura_Village_Chaksu_Jaipur"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":98093193,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":98093193,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_98093193" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 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