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He has done his bachelor’s degree on Agriculture Rural and Tribal Development from Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Educational and Research Institute (NAAC A++), Ranchi. Last five years he is in the sector of agriculture rural and tribal development. As a part of his academics he has come across through several real life experiences and observed the poverty very closely. He learned a lot from them. He has published 17 papers on agriculture rural and tribal development in several international journals and also published two book named “They are Happy” on a tribe of India in April 2019 and “Homa Farming of Brinjal” on a special type of organic farming in June 2020. 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He has done his bachelor’s degree on Agriculture Rural and Tribal Development from Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Educational and Research Institute (NAAC A++), Ranchi. Last five years he is in the sector of agriculture rural and tribal development. As a part of his academics he has come across through several real life experiences and observed the poverty very closely. He learned a lot from them. He has published 17 papers on agriculture rural and tribal development in several international journals and also published two book named “They are Happy” on a tribe of India in April 2019 and “Homa Farming of Brinjal” on a special type of organic farming in June 2020.  He has dream of working in the development sector bring a sustainable holistic development in the society<br /><span class="u-fw700">Phone: </span>7908182155<br /><b>Address: </b>Egra, Ward no 14, Purba Medinipur, West Bengal.<br /><div class="js-profile-less-about u-linkUnstyled u-tcGrayDarker u-textDecorationUnderline u-displayNone">less</div></div></div><div class="suggested-academics-container"><div class="suggested-academics--header"><p class="ds2-5-body-md-bold">Related Authors</p></div><ul class="suggested-user-card-list"><div class="suggested-user-card"><div class="suggested-user-card__avatar social-profile-avatar-container"><a href="https://harvard.academia.edu/MelissaSonger"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" border="0" alt="" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png" /></a></div><div class="suggested-user-card__user-info"><a class="suggested-user-card__user-info__header ds2-5-body-sm-bold ds2-5-body-link" href="https://harvard.academia.edu/MelissaSonger">Melissa Songer</a><p class="suggested-user-card__user-info__subheader ds2-5-body-xs">Harvard University</p></div></div><div class="suggested-user-card"><div class="suggested-user-card__avatar social-profile-avatar-container"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/DrSKaliraj"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="Dr. S. 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none;"><span>2</span> Conference Presentations</a></li></ul></li></ul></div><div class="divider ds-divider-16" style="margin: 0px;"></div><div class="documents-container backbone-social-profile-documents" style="width: 100%;"><div class="u-taCenter"></div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane active" id="all"><div class="profile--tab_heading_container js-section-heading" data-section="Papers" id="Papers"><h3 class="profile--tab_heading_container">Papers by Saswatik Tripathy</h3></div><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="119663499"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/119663499/Living_on_the_Edge_Understanding_Human_Elephant_Conflict_in_Keonjhar_Odisha"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Living on the Edge: Understanding Human -Elephant Conflict in Keonjhar, Odisha" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/115035535/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/119663499/Living_on_the_Edge_Understanding_Human_Elephant_Conflict_in_Keonjhar_Odisha">Living on the Edge: Understanding Human -Elephant Conflict in Keonjhar, Odisha</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The coexistence of humans and elephants in the Indian state of Odisha has become increasingly str...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The coexistence of humans and elephants in the Indian state of Odisha has become increasingly strained, leading to a deepening crisis of human-elephant conflict (HEC). The rapid growth of state's human population, many developmental activities including mining and railway lines in the corridor escalating the conflicts. and encroached on traditional elephant habitats, the potential for confrontation between the two species has escalated, resulting in devastating consequences for both communities. This review article examines the key drivers and dimensions of HEC in Odisha in general and Keonjhar district in particular, including ecological, economic, and social factors that have contributed to the crisis. It explores the wide-ranging impacts of the conflict, from livelihood and economic disruptions to threats to human life and elephant conservation. The article also critically analyzes the various mitigation strategies and policy interventions implemented to address the problem, highlighting both their successes and the persistent challenges that continue to undermine their effectiveness. Finally, it identifies emerging issues, such as the impacts of climate change, that will shape the future trajectory of HEC management in the region. Ultimately, this review underscores the urgent need for a comprehensive, collaborative approach to resolving the human-elephant conflict in Keonjhar district of Odisha and preserving the delicate balance between human development and ecological conservation.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="7d6bcf4084c0ac72aa92d933b999428e" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":115035535,"asset_id":119663499,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/115035535/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="119663499"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="119663499"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 119663499; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="119663449"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/119663449/Effect_of_COVID_19_Pandemic_on_Livelihood_system_of_Bhil_Tribe"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Effect of COVID-19 Pandemic on Livelihood system of Bhil Tribe" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/119663449/Effect_of_COVID_19_Pandemic_on_Livelihood_system_of_Bhil_Tribe">Effect of COVID-19 Pandemic on Livelihood system of Bhil Tribe</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Social Science Research Network</span><span>, Mar 27, 2021</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Bhils or Bheels are an Indo-Aryan speaking ethnic group in West India. They speak the Bhil langua...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Bhils or Bheels are an Indo-Aryan speaking ethnic group in West India. They speak the Bhil languages, a subgroup of the Western Zone of the Indo-Aryan languages. As of 2013, Bhils were the largest tribal group in India. This study was done to understand the effect of COVID-19 on the livelihoods systems of the Bhils. Livelihood system is an integrated set of activities that a person perform in their daily life under the available resources and in favourable circumstances to generate the productivity and profitability. It is a complex interrelated matrix of different enterprises that are controlled by families and influenced by the social, political, economic and environmental forces. This a very important aspect of any rural and tribal livelihood. This study was done at Bajna block of Ratlam District in Madhya Pradesh during the time period of 27th February 2020 - 30th April 2020. For the collection of information mainly participatory information collection activity and telephonic interview was conducted. According to the collected information there were 116 different livelihood system in the pre COVID-19 era. Among them 51 were widely adopted by different families in the location. The basic components of this 51 livelihood systems were agriculture, animal husbandry and migratory labours. This paper described the system in a short and sharp manner by discussing an overview and economics of the different enterprises of the major components. For a better understanding of the profitability benefit cost ratio of each enterprises and livelihood systems are also provided. But after this COVID-19 pandemic due to the lockdown and the fear of infection the livelihood systems become very limited. After the Pandemic there are only 24 livelihood systems which can be adopted by the people with the present skill they have. In this paper a short discussion on the livelihood restoration is also included. The efficiency of MGNREGA is also discussed. The past data of MGNREGA shows that, it was unable to give an employment to the people who want for 100 days. 14 out of 19 big states on India has an average of only 50 days of Job security through MGNREGA. The wage rate also very low. There is a huge gap in the job demand and the supply. Then how people will survive without doing any migration work where in the location around 85 per cent of the families used to do that in pre COVID-19 era. For that a skill enhancement training for the rural and urban youth is suggested in the paper as per the local demand in the market.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="119663449"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="119663449"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 119663449; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=119663449]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=119663449]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 119663449; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='119663449']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=119663449]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":119663449,"title":"Effect of COVID-19 Pandemic on Livelihood system of Bhil Tribe","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/119663449/Effect_of_COVID_19_Pandemic_on_Livelihood_system_of_Bhil_Tribe","owner_id":109208830,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":109208830,"first_name":"Saswatik","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Tripathy","page_name":"SaswatikTripathy","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2019-04-15T07:43:25.569-07:00","display_name":"Saswatik Tripathy","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SaswatikTripathy"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="119663447"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/119663447/Homa_Farming_Of_Brinjal_Effect_of_Agnihotra_and_Amritjal_on_Growth_Yield_and_Quality_of_Brinjal_Solanum_melongena_L_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Homa Farming Of Brinjal (Effect of Agnihotra and Amritjal on Growth, Yield and Quality of Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.))" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/119663447/Homa_Farming_Of_Brinjal_Effect_of_Agnihotra_and_Amritjal_on_Growth_Yield_and_Quality_of_Brinjal_Solanum_melongena_L_">Homa Farming Of Brinjal (Effect of Agnihotra and Amritjal on Growth, Yield and Quality of Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.))</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Social Science Research Network</span><span>, 2020</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Brinjal is a crop grown widely all over India and loved by both rich and poor. The Chhotanagpur r...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Brinjal is a crop grown widely all over India and loved by both rich and poor. The Chhotanagpur region especially of Jharkhand is famous for rampant vegetable production. There is a wide use of chemical and synthetic fertilizers that are so expensive that poor farmers can’t afford it. The high use of chemicals and synthetics also reduces the quality of both the produce and the cultivated soil. In this context, attempts have been made combining solutions for both of the problems by conducting a varietal trial using four non-chemical alternative growing conditions viz. E1C1: Amritjal (1%), E1C2: Absolute Control (Inherent Fertility Status of Experimental Soil); E2C1: Amritjal (1%) + Homa Induction (Agnihotra), and E2C2: Only Homa Induction (Agnihotra) by employing five local varieties viz. V1: Swarna Pratibha; V2: Swarna Neelima; V3: Swarna Shakti; V4: Mukta Jhuri; V5: Long Green. The experimental was designed after RBD with three replications. The studied growth, yield and quality attributing characters revealed that the maximum yield (91.41 ± 6.05 t.ha-1) in Swarna Neelima as recorded by the treatment E2C1: Amritjal (1%) + Homa Induction (Agnihotra) because of its supply of high nutrition through soil and air. Whereas in quality parameters like TSS and Chlorophyll etc. are in different varieties also performed best in E2C1: Amritjal (1%) + Homa Induction (Agnihotra) condition. Coming to the varieties, the variety V2 (Swarna Neelima) has recorded the highest yield (91.41 ± 6.05 t.ha-1). But the variety V3 (Swarna Shakti) performed well in terms of its quality parameters like TSS (5.98 ± 0.110Brix), reducing sugar (3.76 ± 0.04%) content etc. Considering both the variety and alternative growing conditions, V2 (Swarna Neelima) emerged as the best performing variety under the growing condition of E2C1: Amritjal (1%) + Homa Induction (Agnihotra). The expression of different studied quality traits performed independently under the influences of alternative growing conditions.. However, the highest B:C ratio of 6.72 has been recorded in V2 (Swarna Neelima) particularly when cultivated through the alternative growing condition of E2C1: Amritjal (1%) + Homa Induction (Agnihotra). So, it may be concluded that Swarna Neelima variety of brinjal is highly suitable for cultivation in the south Chhotanagpur plateau of Jharkhand by using alternative growing condition of E2C1: Amritjal (1%) + Homa Induction (Agnihotra).</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="119663447"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="119663447"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 119663447; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); 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</script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="119663445"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/119663445/Green_Manuring_for_Cost_Reduced_Sustainable_Agriculture"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Green Manuring for Cost Reduced Sustainable Agriculture" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/119663445/Green_Manuring_for_Cost_Reduced_Sustainable_Agriculture">Green Manuring for Cost Reduced Sustainable Agriculture</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Social Science Research Network</span><span>, 2021</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="119663445"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="119663445"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 119663445; 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dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=119663445]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":119663445,"title":"Green Manuring for Cost Reduced Sustainable Agriculture","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/119663445/Green_Manuring_for_Cost_Reduced_Sustainable_Agriculture","owner_id":109208830,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":109208830,"first_name":"Saswatik","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Tripathy","page_name":"SaswatikTripathy","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2019-04-15T07:43:25.569-07:00","display_name":"Saswatik Tripathy","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SaswatikTripathy"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="119663444"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/119663444/A_Study_on_the_Efforts_of_Krishi_Mitras_To_Promote_Nonchemical_Farming_With_Selected_Case_Studies_From_the_Fields_of_Nayagarh_Odisha_India"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of A Study on the Efforts of Krishi Mitras To Promote Nonchemical Farming With Selected Case Studies From the Fields of Nayagarh, Odisha, India" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/119663444/A_Study_on_the_Efforts_of_Krishi_Mitras_To_Promote_Nonchemical_Farming_With_Selected_Case_Studies_From_the_Fields_of_Nayagarh_Odisha_India">A Study on the Efforts of Krishi Mitras To Promote Nonchemical Farming With Selected Case Studies From the Fields of Nayagarh, Odisha, India</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Social Science Research Network</span><span>, 2021</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Krishi Mitras (Farmer’s friends) are the frontline workers of Odisha Livelihood Mission (OLM) who...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Krishi Mitras (Farmer’s friends) are the frontline workers of Odisha Livelihood Mission (OLM) who are supposed to work with a minimum of 150 farming households to promote sustainable agriculture in the state of Odisha, India. . Last one year these frontline workers focused on promoting the sustainable agriculture through the non-chemical approach. To promote this approach they gone through several trainings organised by Odisha Livelihood Mission in collaboration with Foundation For Ecological Security (FES) which was supported by Hindustan Unilever Foundation (HUF). The efforts and dedication Krishi Mitras are giving in the fields cannot be justified by tracking it through any numerical formula or numbers. Each of them faced different hurdles. The challenges include physical as well as social barriers as most of them are women. The only ways to do justice to their efforts are identifying their stories and spread all around for motivating many frontline workers like them and others.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="119663444"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="119663444"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 119663444; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=119663444]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=119663444]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 119663444; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='119663444']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=119663444]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":119663444,"title":"A Study on the Efforts of Krishi Mitras To Promote Nonchemical Farming With Selected Case Studies From the Fields of Nayagarh, Odisha, India","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/119663444/A_Study_on_the_Efforts_of_Krishi_Mitras_To_Promote_Nonchemical_Farming_With_Selected_Case_Studies_From_the_Fields_of_Nayagarh_Odisha_India","owner_id":109208830,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":109208830,"first_name":"Saswatik","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Tripathy","page_name":"SaswatikTripathy","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2019-04-15T07:43:25.569-07:00","display_name":"Saswatik Tripathy","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SaswatikTripathy"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="119663442"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/119663442/They_Are_Happy_An_Ecosystem_Study_of_Bodo_tribe_of_Assam_India_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of They Are Happy (An Ecosystem Study of Bodo tribe of Assam, India)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/119663442/They_Are_Happy_An_Ecosystem_Study_of_Bodo_tribe_of_Assam_India_">They Are Happy (An Ecosystem Study of Bodo tribe of Assam, India)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Social Science Research Network</span><span>, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This work is about to understand the village as a whole. Reporting is done with the collected inf...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This work is about to understand the village as a whole. Reporting is done with the collected information through the methodology of applying all the PRA tools and some semi-structured interview and FGDs. This report tries to give the readers a well-versed knowledge about all the dimensions of Bodo tribal village. Barama Block of Baksa District of Assam state. All the interpretations have done in a descriptive way with help of some charts, numerical data tables and some self-explanatory tables. A village is a geographically distinguishable place which is the habitat of some human beings who live in groups called family are socially, culturally and economically interrelated with each other. According to census data of 2011 68.84% of Indians are staying in the village which is around 833.1 million people live in 640,867 different villages. Among them according to the census data 2011 they are nearly 104 million people which is 8.6% of the total Indian population is belonging from the tribal community. The term “tribe”, derived from the Latin tribua, originally meant a political unit, and was later used to refer to social groups defined by the territory they occupied. Tribes are generally stayed either in forest of hilly region which is little detached from the main stream society. But there are some few tribes who lives in the plains nearer to the main stream abut still maintain their own culture, tradition and individuality. Bodo tribe is one of among them. Bodo is the one of the indigenous habitat of the north eastern India mainly in the Bramhaputra Valley of Assam. The word Bodo derived from the word Bod which means Tibet. It is identified that they are the origin of from the Indo-Mongoloid stock belonging to the Tibeto-Burman Language family. This Indo-Mongoloid group had close cultural assimilation with the Negritos, the Austro-Asiatic, the Nordic and Mediterranean races of India due to their close contact as established by the history of civilization. But in spite of these, the Bodos have maintained a distinctive identity The Boros prefer to call themselves as Boro or the Bodo or Borofisa. The term Boro indicates a race or a speech community speaking the Sino-Tibetan Boro language. They are recognized as a plains tribe in the Sixth Schedule of the Indian Constitution. The state of Assam is in reality divided into four more entities, viz Bengali dominated Barak Valley, Dimasa tribe dominated North Cachar Hills now known as Dima Hasao, Karbi tribe dominated Karbi Anglong and finally Bodo Kachari tribe dominated Bodoland. Bodoland is the gateway to the beautiful North Eastern Region of India, which was created very recently in the year 2007 by curving out some area of eight districts of Assam namely Kokrajhar, Dhubri, Bongaigaon, Barpeta, Nalbari, Kamrup, Darang and Sonitpur within the state of Assam. It is an autonomous Administrative unit constituted under the Sixth Schedule of the Constitution of India covering an area of 8795 Sq. Km (Provisional). Judging from the wide range of extension of their language, the Bodos appear first to have settled over the entire Brahamaputra valley and extended west into West Bengal (in Kochbehar, Rangpur and Dinajpur districts) they may have pushed into North Bihar also. The present Bodo population in the state of Assam is 52, 49,937. (Approx, figure as prepared by ABSU HQ, Kokrajhar). As the present work has a link with the ‘Bodoland Movement’ which ultimately resulted in the creation of Bodoland Territorial Council (BTC), a separate homeland for the Bodos within the state of Assam in the design of District Council (under 6th Schedule of the Constitution of India). During the study of different dimension it is clear that there culture is totally different than the Assames in the state. They are the Bodo people are very aware of their culture. They are the plain tribes and very closely living with the other cultures like the Aryans. But still they don’t lost their individuality. They maintaining it throughout the generations. Their culture is one of the richest culture of India. The word Bodo derived from the word Bod which means Tibet, its shows that they came from Tibet. They follow the religion named Bathoism. Ba means five and tho means deep. They believe that the world is made of the five element. All the villages are habitat of only Bodo tribal people who are belonging to the same caste. All of them are Schedule Tribes. Bodo tribal group is divided in to some clans i.e. Ramchiary, Borgoyary, Mosahary, Narzary, Khakhlory, and Basumatary etc. There is no specific job distribution among them according to the gender. Male and female everyone are well skilled in agriculture, household and animal husbandry works. But male usually taking care of animals and female do the household work. But in case male is not present then female also can handle the animals and male also can do household works in absence of female. There is no such social stigma that only female or male…</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="119663442"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="119663442"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 119663442; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=119663442]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=119663442]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 119663442; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='119663442']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=119663442]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":119663442,"title":"They Are Happy (An Ecosystem Study of Bodo tribe of Assam, India)","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"This work is about to understand the village as a whole. Reporting is done with the collected information through the methodology of applying all the PRA tools and some semi-structured interview and FGDs. This report tries to give the readers a well-versed knowledge about all the dimensions of Bodo tribal village. Barama Block of Baksa District of Assam state. All the interpretations have done in a descriptive way with help of some charts, numerical data tables and some self-explanatory tables. A village is a geographically distinguishable place which is the habitat of some human beings who live in groups called family are socially, culturally and economically interrelated with each other. According to census data of 2011 68.84% of Indians are staying in the village which is around 833.1 million people live in 640,867 different villages. Among them according to the census data 2011 they are nearly 104 million people which is 8.6% of the total Indian population is belonging from the tribal community. The term “tribe”, derived from the Latin tribua, originally meant a political unit, and was later used to refer to social groups defined by the territory they occupied. Tribes are generally stayed either in forest of hilly region which is little detached from the main stream society. But there are some few tribes who lives in the plains nearer to the main stream abut still maintain their own culture, tradition and individuality. Bodo tribe is one of among them. Bodo is the one of the indigenous habitat of the north eastern India mainly in the Bramhaputra Valley of Assam. The word Bodo derived from the word Bod which means Tibet. It is identified that they are the origin of from the Indo-Mongoloid stock belonging to the Tibeto-Burman Language family. This Indo-Mongoloid group had close cultural assimilation with the Negritos, the Austro-Asiatic, the Nordic and Mediterranean races of India due to their close contact as established by the history of civilization. But in spite of these, the Bodos have maintained a distinctive identity The Boros prefer to call themselves as Boro or the Bodo or Borofisa. The term Boro indicates a race or a speech community speaking the Sino-Tibetan Boro language. They are recognized as a plains tribe in the Sixth Schedule of the Indian Constitution. The state of Assam is in reality divided into four more entities, viz Bengali dominated Barak Valley, Dimasa tribe dominated North Cachar Hills now known as Dima Hasao, Karbi tribe dominated Karbi Anglong and finally Bodo Kachari tribe dominated Bodoland. Bodoland is the gateway to the beautiful North Eastern Region of India, which was created very recently in the year 2007 by curving out some area of eight districts of Assam namely Kokrajhar, Dhubri, Bongaigaon, Barpeta, Nalbari, Kamrup, Darang and Sonitpur within the state of Assam. It is an autonomous Administrative unit constituted under the Sixth Schedule of the Constitution of India covering an area of 8795 Sq. Km (Provisional). Judging from the wide range of extension of their language, the Bodos appear first to have settled over the entire Brahamaputra valley and extended west into West Bengal (in Kochbehar, Rangpur and Dinajpur districts) they may have pushed into North Bihar also. The present Bodo population in the state of Assam is 52, 49,937. (Approx, figure as prepared by ABSU HQ, Kokrajhar). As the present work has a link with the ‘Bodoland Movement’ which ultimately resulted in the creation of Bodoland Territorial Council (BTC), a separate homeland for the Bodos within the state of Assam in the design of District Council (under 6th Schedule of the Constitution of India). During the study of different dimension it is clear that there culture is totally different than the Assames in the state. They are the Bodo people are very aware of their culture. They are the plain tribes and very closely living with the other cultures like the Aryans. But still they don’t lost their individuality. They maintaining it throughout the generations. Their culture is one of the richest culture of India. The word Bodo derived from the word Bod which means Tibet, its shows that they came from Tibet. They follow the religion named Bathoism. Ba means five and tho means deep. They believe that the world is made of the five element. All the villages are habitat of only Bodo tribal people who are belonging to the same caste. All of them are Schedule Tribes. Bodo tribal group is divided in to some clans i.e. Ramchiary, Borgoyary, Mosahary, Narzary, Khakhlory, and Basumatary etc. There is no specific job distribution among them according to the gender. Male and female everyone are well skilled in agriculture, household and animal husbandry works. But male usually taking care of animals and female do the household work. But in case male is not present then female also can handle the animals and male also can do household works in absence of female. There is no such social stigma that only female or male…","publisher":"Social Science Electronic Publishing","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2019,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Social Science Research Network"},"translated_abstract":"This work is about to understand the village as a whole. Reporting is done with the collected information through the methodology of applying all the PRA tools and some semi-structured interview and FGDs. This report tries to give the readers a well-versed knowledge about all the dimensions of Bodo tribal village. Barama Block of Baksa District of Assam state. All the interpretations have done in a descriptive way with help of some charts, numerical data tables and some self-explanatory tables. A village is a geographically distinguishable place which is the habitat of some human beings who live in groups called family are socially, culturally and economically interrelated with each other. According to census data of 2011 68.84% of Indians are staying in the village which is around 833.1 million people live in 640,867 different villages. Among them according to the census data 2011 they are nearly 104 million people which is 8.6% of the total Indian population is belonging from the tribal community. The term “tribe”, derived from the Latin tribua, originally meant a political unit, and was later used to refer to social groups defined by the territory they occupied. Tribes are generally stayed either in forest of hilly region which is little detached from the main stream society. But there are some few tribes who lives in the plains nearer to the main stream abut still maintain their own culture, tradition and individuality. Bodo tribe is one of among them. Bodo is the one of the indigenous habitat of the north eastern India mainly in the Bramhaputra Valley of Assam. The word Bodo derived from the word Bod which means Tibet. It is identified that they are the origin of from the Indo-Mongoloid stock belonging to the Tibeto-Burman Language family. This Indo-Mongoloid group had close cultural assimilation with the Negritos, the Austro-Asiatic, the Nordic and Mediterranean races of India due to their close contact as established by the history of civilization. But in spite of these, the Bodos have maintained a distinctive identity The Boros prefer to call themselves as Boro or the Bodo or Borofisa. The term Boro indicates a race or a speech community speaking the Sino-Tibetan Boro language. They are recognized as a plains tribe in the Sixth Schedule of the Indian Constitution. The state of Assam is in reality divided into four more entities, viz Bengali dominated Barak Valley, Dimasa tribe dominated North Cachar Hills now known as Dima Hasao, Karbi tribe dominated Karbi Anglong and finally Bodo Kachari tribe dominated Bodoland. Bodoland is the gateway to the beautiful North Eastern Region of India, which was created very recently in the year 2007 by curving out some area of eight districts of Assam namely Kokrajhar, Dhubri, Bongaigaon, Barpeta, Nalbari, Kamrup, Darang and Sonitpur within the state of Assam. It is an autonomous Administrative unit constituted under the Sixth Schedule of the Constitution of India covering an area of 8795 Sq. Km (Provisional). Judging from the wide range of extension of their language, the Bodos appear first to have settled over the entire Brahamaputra valley and extended west into West Bengal (in Kochbehar, Rangpur and Dinajpur districts) they may have pushed into North Bihar also. The present Bodo population in the state of Assam is 52, 49,937. (Approx, figure as prepared by ABSU HQ, Kokrajhar). As the present work has a link with the ‘Bodoland Movement’ which ultimately resulted in the creation of Bodoland Territorial Council (BTC), a separate homeland for the Bodos within the state of Assam in the design of District Council (under 6th Schedule of the Constitution of India). During the study of different dimension it is clear that there culture is totally different than the Assames in the state. They are the Bodo people are very aware of their culture. They are the plain tribes and very closely living with the other cultures like the Aryans. But still they don’t lost their individuality. They maintaining it throughout the generations. Their culture is one of the richest culture of India. The word Bodo derived from the word Bod which means Tibet, its shows that they came from Tibet. They follow the religion named Bathoism. Ba means five and tho means deep. They believe that the world is made of the five element. All the villages are habitat of only Bodo tribal people who are belonging to the same caste. All of them are Schedule Tribes. Bodo tribal group is divided in to some clans i.e. Ramchiary, Borgoyary, Mosahary, Narzary, Khakhlory, and Basumatary etc. There is no specific job distribution among them according to the gender. Male and female everyone are well skilled in agriculture, household and animal husbandry works. But male usually taking care of animals and female do the household work. But in case male is not present then female also can handle the animals and male also can do household works in absence of female. There is no such social stigma that only female or male…","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/119663442/They_Are_Happy_An_Ecosystem_Study_of_Bodo_tribe_of_Assam_India_","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2024-05-20T08:35:51.429-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":109208830,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"They_Are_Happy_An_Ecosystem_Study_of_Bodo_tribe_of_Assam_India_","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"This work is about to understand the village as a whole. Reporting is done with the collected information through the methodology of applying all the PRA tools and some semi-structured interview and FGDs. This report tries to give the readers a well-versed knowledge about all the dimensions of Bodo tribal village. Barama Block of Baksa District of Assam state. All the interpretations have done in a descriptive way with help of some charts, numerical data tables and some self-explanatory tables. A village is a geographically distinguishable place which is the habitat of some human beings who live in groups called family are socially, culturally and economically interrelated with each other. According to census data of 2011 68.84% of Indians are staying in the village which is around 833.1 million people live in 640,867 different villages. Among them according to the census data 2011 they are nearly 104 million people which is 8.6% of the total Indian population is belonging from the tribal community. The term “tribe”, derived from the Latin tribua, originally meant a political unit, and was later used to refer to social groups defined by the territory they occupied. Tribes are generally stayed either in forest of hilly region which is little detached from the main stream society. But there are some few tribes who lives in the plains nearer to the main stream abut still maintain their own culture, tradition and individuality. Bodo tribe is one of among them. Bodo is the one of the indigenous habitat of the north eastern India mainly in the Bramhaputra Valley of Assam. The word Bodo derived from the word Bod which means Tibet. It is identified that they are the origin of from the Indo-Mongoloid stock belonging to the Tibeto-Burman Language family. This Indo-Mongoloid group had close cultural assimilation with the Negritos, the Austro-Asiatic, the Nordic and Mediterranean races of India due to their close contact as established by the history of civilization. But in spite of these, the Bodos have maintained a distinctive identity The Boros prefer to call themselves as Boro or the Bodo or Borofisa. The term Boro indicates a race or a speech community speaking the Sino-Tibetan Boro language. They are recognized as a plains tribe in the Sixth Schedule of the Indian Constitution. The state of Assam is in reality divided into four more entities, viz Bengali dominated Barak Valley, Dimasa tribe dominated North Cachar Hills now known as Dima Hasao, Karbi tribe dominated Karbi Anglong and finally Bodo Kachari tribe dominated Bodoland. Bodoland is the gateway to the beautiful North Eastern Region of India, which was created very recently in the year 2007 by curving out some area of eight districts of Assam namely Kokrajhar, Dhubri, Bongaigaon, Barpeta, Nalbari, Kamrup, Darang and Sonitpur within the state of Assam. It is an autonomous Administrative unit constituted under the Sixth Schedule of the Constitution of India covering an area of 8795 Sq. Km (Provisional). Judging from the wide range of extension of their language, the Bodos appear first to have settled over the entire Brahamaputra valley and extended west into West Bengal (in Kochbehar, Rangpur and Dinajpur districts) they may have pushed into North Bihar also. The present Bodo population in the state of Assam is 52, 49,937. (Approx, figure as prepared by ABSU HQ, Kokrajhar). As the present work has a link with the ‘Bodoland Movement’ which ultimately resulted in the creation of Bodoland Territorial Council (BTC), a separate homeland for the Bodos within the state of Assam in the design of District Council (under 6th Schedule of the Constitution of India). During the study of different dimension it is clear that there culture is totally different than the Assames in the state. They are the Bodo people are very aware of their culture. They are the plain tribes and very closely living with the other cultures like the Aryans. But still they don’t lost their individuality. They maintaining it throughout the generations. Their culture is one of the richest culture of India. The word Bodo derived from the word Bod which means Tibet, its shows that they came from Tibet. They follow the religion named Bathoism. Ba means five and tho means deep. They believe that the world is made of the five element. All the villages are habitat of only Bodo tribal people who are belonging to the same caste. All of them are Schedule Tribes. Bodo tribal group is divided in to some clans i.e. Ramchiary, Borgoyary, Mosahary, Narzary, Khakhlory, and Basumatary etc. There is no specific job distribution among them according to the gender. Male and female everyone are well skilled in agriculture, household and animal husbandry works. But male usually taking care of animals and female do the household work. But in case male is not present then female also can handle the animals and male also can do household works in absence of female. There is no such social stigma that only female or male…","owner":{"id":109208830,"first_name":"Saswatik","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Tripathy","page_name":"SaswatikTripathy","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2019-04-15T07:43:25.569-07:00","display_name":"Saswatik Tripathy","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SaswatikTripathy"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":261,"name":"Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geography"},{"id":69856,"name":"Social Science Research Network","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Science_Research_Network"},{"id":116876,"name":"Tribe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tribe"},{"id":373754,"name":"Ecosystem","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecosystem"},{"id":684573,"name":"Happyness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Happyness"},{"id":1155422,"name":"Bodo tribe of Assam","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bodo_tribe_of_Assam"}],"urls":[{"id":42143287,"url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3851231"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); 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dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=119663432]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":119663432,"title":"Pandemic Effect in Bajna Block MadhyaPradesh","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/119663432/Pandemic_Effect_in_Bajna_Block_MadhyaPradesh","owner_id":109208830,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":109208830,"first_name":"Saswatik","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Tripathy","page_name":"SaswatikTripathy","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2019-04-15T07:43:25.569-07:00","display_name":"Saswatik Tripathy","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SaswatikTripathy"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="119663431"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/119663431/Effect_of_Agnihotra_and_Amritjal_on_Growth_Yield_and_Quality_of_Brinjal_Solanum_melongena_L_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Effect of Agnihotra and Amritjal on Growth, Yield and Quality of Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/119663431/Effect_of_Agnihotra_and_Amritjal_on_Growth_Yield_and_Quality_of_Brinjal_Solanum_melongena_L_">Effect of Agnihotra and Amritjal on Growth, Yield and Quality of Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Brinjal is a crop grown widely all over India and loved by both rich and poor. The Chhotanagpur r...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Brinjal is a crop grown widely all over India and loved by both rich and poor. The Chhotanagpur region especially of Jharkhand is famous for rampant vegetable production. There is a wide use of chemical and synthetic fertilizers that are so expensive that poor farmers can’t afford it. The high use of chemicals and synthetics also reduces the quality of both the produce and the cultivated soil. In this context, attempts have been made combining solutions for both of the problems by conducting a varietal trial using four non-chemical alternative growing conditions viz. E1C1: Amritjal (1%), E1C2: Absolute Control (Inherent Fertility Status of Experimental Soil); E2C1: Amritjal (1%) + Homa Induction (Agnihotra), and E2C2: Only Homa Induction (Agnihotra) by employing five local varieties viz. V1: Swarna Pratibha; V2: Swarna Neelima; V3: Swarna Shakti; V4: Mukta Jhuri; V5: Long Green. The experimental was designed after RBD with three replications. The studied growth, yield and quality attributing characters revealed that the maximum yield (91.41 ± 6.05 t.ha-1) in Swarna Neelima as recorded by the treatment E2C1: Amritjal (1%) + Homa Induction (Agnihotra) because of its supply of high nutrition through soil and air. Whereas in quality parameters like TSS and Chlorophyll etc. are in different varieties also performed best in E2C1: Amritjal (1%) + Homa Induction (Agnihotra) condition. Coming to the varieties, the variety V2 (Swarna Neelima) has recorded the highest yield (91.41 ± 6.05 t.ha-1). But the variety V3 (Swarna Shakti) performed well in terms of its quality parameters like TSS (5.98 ± 0.110Brix), reducing sugar (3.76 ± 0.04%) content etc. Considering both the variety and alternative growing conditions, V2 (Swarna Neelima) emerged as the best performing variety under the growing condition of E2C1: Amritjal (1%) + Homa Induction (Agnihotra). The expression of different studied quality traits performed independently under the influences of alternative growing conditions.. However, the highest B:C ratio of 6.72 has been recorded in V2 (Swarna Neelima) particularly when cultivated through the alternative growing condition of E2C1: Amritjal (1%) + Homa Induction (Agnihotra). So, it may be concluded that Swarna Neelima variety of brinjal is highly suitable for cultivation in the south Chhotanagpur plateau of Jharkhand by using alternative growing condition of E2C1: Amritjal (1%) + Homa Induction (Agnihotra).</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="119663431"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="119663431"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 119663431; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); 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dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=119663429]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":119663429,"title":"Ecosystem Study Of Bodo Tribe, In Assam","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/119663429/Ecosystem_Study_Of_Bodo_Tribe_In_Assam","owner_id":109208830,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":109208830,"first_name":"Saswatik","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Tripathy","page_name":"SaswatikTripathy","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2019-04-15T07:43:25.569-07:00","display_name":"Saswatik Tripathy","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SaswatikTripathy"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="119663428"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/119663428/Indigenous_Technology_Knowledge_ITK_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Indigenous Technology Knowledge(ITK)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/119663428/Indigenous_Technology_Knowledge_ITK_">Indigenous Technology Knowledge(ITK)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="119663428"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="119663428"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 119663428; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=119663428]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=119663428]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 119663428; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='119663428']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=119663428]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":119663428,"title":"Indigenous Technology Knowledge(ITK)","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/119663428/Indigenous_Technology_Knowledge_ITK_","owner_id":109208830,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":109208830,"first_name":"Saswatik","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Tripathy","page_name":"SaswatikTripathy","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2019-04-15T07:43:25.569-07:00","display_name":"Saswatik Tripathy","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SaswatikTripathy"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="119663427"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/119663427/Ecosystem_Study_of_the_Dalbari_Daklabari_Dakshinsuppa_and_Goibari_Villages"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Ecosystem Study of the Dalbari, Daklabari, Dakshinsuppa and Goibari Villages" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/119663427/Ecosystem_Study_of_the_Dalbari_Daklabari_Dakshinsuppa_and_Goibari_Villages">Ecosystem Study of the Dalbari, Daklabari, Dakshinsuppa and Goibari Villages</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This fieldwork is about to understand the village as a whole. Reporting is done with the collecte...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This fieldwork is about to understand the village as a whole. Reporting is done with the collected information through the methodology of applying all the PRA tools and some semi structured interview and FGDs. This report try to give the readers a well versed knowledge about all the dimensions of Bodo tribal village. Barama Block of Baksa District of Assam state. All the interpretations have done in a descriptive way with help of some charts, numerical data tables and some self-explanatory tables. A village is a geographically distinguishable place which is habitat of some human beings who lives in groups called family are socially, culturally and economically interrelated with each other. According to census data of 2011 68.84% Indians are staying in village which is around 833.1 million people live in 640,867 different villages. Among them according to the census data 2011 they are nearly 104 million people which is 8.6% of the total Indian population is belonging from the tribal community. The term “tribe”, derived from the Latin tribua, originally meant a political unit, and was later used to refer to social groups defined by the territory they occupied. Tribes are generally stayed either in forest of hilly region which is little detached from the main stream society. But there are some few tribes who lives in the plains nearer to the main stream abut still maintain their own culture, tradition and individuality. Bodo tribe is one of among them. Bodo is the one of the indigenous habitat of the north eastern India mainly in the Bramhaputra Valley of Assam. The word Bodo derived from the word Bod which means Tibet. It is identified that they are the origin of from the Indo-Mongoloid stock belonging to the Tibeto-Burman Language family. This Indo-Mongoloid group had close cultural assimilation with the Negritos, the Austro-Asiatic, the Nordic and Mediterranean races of India due to their close contact as established by history of civilization. But in spite of these the Bodos have maintained a distinctive identity The Boros prefer to call themselves as Boro or the Bodo or Borofisa. The term Boro indicates a race or a speech community speaking the Sino-Tibetan Boro language. They are recognized as a plains tribe in the Sixth Schedule of the Indian Constitution. The state of Assam is in reality divided into four more entities, viz Bengali dominated Barak Valley, Dimasa tribe dominated North Cachar Hills now known as Dima Hasao, Karbi tribe dominated Karbi Anglong and finally Bodo Kachari tribe dominated Bodoland. Bodoland is the gateway to the beautiful North Eastern Region of India, which was created very recently in the year 2007 by curving out some area of eight districts of Assam namely Kokrajhar, Dhubri, Bongaigaon, Barpeta, Nalbari, Kamrup, Darang and Sonitpur within the state of Assam. It is an autonomous Administrative unit constituted under the Sixth Schedule of the Constitution of India covering an area of 8795 Sq. Km (Provisional). Judging from the wide range of extension of their language, the Bodos appear first to have settled over the entire Brahamaputra valley and extended west into West Bengal (in Kochbehar, Rangpur and Dinajpur districts) they may have pushed into North Bihar also. The present Bodo population in the state of Assam is 52, 49,937. (Approx, figure as prepared by ABSU HQ, Kokrajhar). As the present work has a link with the ‘Bodoland Movement’ which ultimately resulted in the creation of Bodoland Territorial Council (BTC), a separate homeland for the Bodos within the state of Assam in the design of District Council (under 6th Schedule of the Constitution of India). During the study of different dimension it is clear that there culture is totally different than the Assames in the state. They are the Bodo people are very aware of their culture. They are the plain tribes and very closely living with the other cultures like the Aryans. But still they don’t lost their individuality. They maintaining it throughout the generations. Their culture is one of the richest culture of India. The word Bodo derived from the word Bod which means Tibet, its shows that they came from Tibet. They follow the religion named Bathoism. Ba means five and tho means deep. They believe that the world is made of the five element. All the villages are habitat of only Bodo tribal people who are belonging to the same caste. All of them are Schedule Tribes. Bodo tribal group is divided in to some clans i.e. Ramchiary, Borgoyary, Mosahary, Narzary, Khakhlory, and Basumatary etc. There is no specific job distribution among them according to the gender. Male and female everyone are well skilled in agriculture, household and animal husbandry works. But male usually taking care of animals and female do the household work. But in case male is not present then female also can handle the animals and male also can do household works in absence of female. There is no such social stigma that only female or male can do this…</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="119663427"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="119663427"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 119663427; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=119663427]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=119663427]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 119663427; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='119663427']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=119663427]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":119663427,"title":"Ecosystem Study of the Dalbari, Daklabari, Dakshinsuppa and Goibari Villages","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"This fieldwork is about to understand the village as a whole. Reporting is done with the collected information through the methodology of applying all the PRA tools and some semi structured interview and FGDs. This report try to give the readers a well versed knowledge about all the dimensions of Bodo tribal village. Barama Block of Baksa District of Assam state. All the interpretations have done in a descriptive way with help of some charts, numerical data tables and some self-explanatory tables. A village is a geographically distinguishable place which is habitat of some human beings who lives in groups called family are socially, culturally and economically interrelated with each other. According to census data of 2011 68.84% Indians are staying in village which is around 833.1 million people live in 640,867 different villages. Among them according to the census data 2011 they are nearly 104 million people which is 8.6% of the total Indian population is belonging from the tribal community. The term “tribe”, derived from the Latin tribua, originally meant a political unit, and was later used to refer to social groups defined by the territory they occupied. Tribes are generally stayed either in forest of hilly region which is little detached from the main stream society. But there are some few tribes who lives in the plains nearer to the main stream abut still maintain their own culture, tradition and individuality. Bodo tribe is one of among them. Bodo is the one of the indigenous habitat of the north eastern India mainly in the Bramhaputra Valley of Assam. The word Bodo derived from the word Bod which means Tibet. It is identified that they are the origin of from the Indo-Mongoloid stock belonging to the Tibeto-Burman Language family. This Indo-Mongoloid group had close cultural assimilation with the Negritos, the Austro-Asiatic, the Nordic and Mediterranean races of India due to their close contact as established by history of civilization. But in spite of these the Bodos have maintained a distinctive identity The Boros prefer to call themselves as Boro or the Bodo or Borofisa. The term Boro indicates a race or a speech community speaking the Sino-Tibetan Boro language. They are recognized as a plains tribe in the Sixth Schedule of the Indian Constitution. The state of Assam is in reality divided into four more entities, viz Bengali dominated Barak Valley, Dimasa tribe dominated North Cachar Hills now known as Dima Hasao, Karbi tribe dominated Karbi Anglong and finally Bodo Kachari tribe dominated Bodoland. Bodoland is the gateway to the beautiful North Eastern Region of India, which was created very recently in the year 2007 by curving out some area of eight districts of Assam namely Kokrajhar, Dhubri, Bongaigaon, Barpeta, Nalbari, Kamrup, Darang and Sonitpur within the state of Assam. It is an autonomous Administrative unit constituted under the Sixth Schedule of the Constitution of India covering an area of 8795 Sq. Km (Provisional). Judging from the wide range of extension of their language, the Bodos appear first to have settled over the entire Brahamaputra valley and extended west into West Bengal (in Kochbehar, Rangpur and Dinajpur districts) they may have pushed into North Bihar also. The present Bodo population in the state of Assam is 52, 49,937. (Approx, figure as prepared by ABSU HQ, Kokrajhar). As the present work has a link with the ‘Bodoland Movement’ which ultimately resulted in the creation of Bodoland Territorial Council (BTC), a separate homeland for the Bodos within the state of Assam in the design of District Council (under 6th Schedule of the Constitution of India). During the study of different dimension it is clear that there culture is totally different than the Assames in the state. They are the Bodo people are very aware of their culture. They are the plain tribes and very closely living with the other cultures like the Aryans. But still they don’t lost their individuality. They maintaining it throughout the generations. Their culture is one of the richest culture of India. The word Bodo derived from the word Bod which means Tibet, its shows that they came from Tibet. They follow the religion named Bathoism. Ba means five and tho means deep. They believe that the world is made of the five element. All the villages are habitat of only Bodo tribal people who are belonging to the same caste. All of them are Schedule Tribes. Bodo tribal group is divided in to some clans i.e. Ramchiary, Borgoyary, Mosahary, Narzary, Khakhlory, and Basumatary etc. There is no specific job distribution among them according to the gender. Male and female everyone are well skilled in agriculture, household and animal husbandry works. But male usually taking care of animals and female do the household work. But in case male is not present then female also can handle the animals and male also can do household works in absence of female. There is no such social stigma that only female or male can do this…","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2019,"errors":{}}},"translated_abstract":"This fieldwork is about to understand the village as a whole. Reporting is done with the collected information through the methodology of applying all the PRA tools and some semi structured interview and FGDs. This report try to give the readers a well versed knowledge about all the dimensions of Bodo tribal village. Barama Block of Baksa District of Assam state. All the interpretations have done in a descriptive way with help of some charts, numerical data tables and some self-explanatory tables. A village is a geographically distinguishable place which is habitat of some human beings who lives in groups called family are socially, culturally and economically interrelated with each other. According to census data of 2011 68.84% Indians are staying in village which is around 833.1 million people live in 640,867 different villages. Among them according to the census data 2011 they are nearly 104 million people which is 8.6% of the total Indian population is belonging from the tribal community. The term “tribe”, derived from the Latin tribua, originally meant a political unit, and was later used to refer to social groups defined by the territory they occupied. Tribes are generally stayed either in forest of hilly region which is little detached from the main stream society. But there are some few tribes who lives in the plains nearer to the main stream abut still maintain their own culture, tradition and individuality. Bodo tribe is one of among them. Bodo is the one of the indigenous habitat of the north eastern India mainly in the Bramhaputra Valley of Assam. The word Bodo derived from the word Bod which means Tibet. It is identified that they are the origin of from the Indo-Mongoloid stock belonging to the Tibeto-Burman Language family. This Indo-Mongoloid group had close cultural assimilation with the Negritos, the Austro-Asiatic, the Nordic and Mediterranean races of India due to their close contact as established by history of civilization. But in spite of these the Bodos have maintained a distinctive identity The Boros prefer to call themselves as Boro or the Bodo or Borofisa. The term Boro indicates a race or a speech community speaking the Sino-Tibetan Boro language. They are recognized as a plains tribe in the Sixth Schedule of the Indian Constitution. The state of Assam is in reality divided into four more entities, viz Bengali dominated Barak Valley, Dimasa tribe dominated North Cachar Hills now known as Dima Hasao, Karbi tribe dominated Karbi Anglong and finally Bodo Kachari tribe dominated Bodoland. Bodoland is the gateway to the beautiful North Eastern Region of India, which was created very recently in the year 2007 by curving out some area of eight districts of Assam namely Kokrajhar, Dhubri, Bongaigaon, Barpeta, Nalbari, Kamrup, Darang and Sonitpur within the state of Assam. It is an autonomous Administrative unit constituted under the Sixth Schedule of the Constitution of India covering an area of 8795 Sq. Km (Provisional). Judging from the wide range of extension of their language, the Bodos appear first to have settled over the entire Brahamaputra valley and extended west into West Bengal (in Kochbehar, Rangpur and Dinajpur districts) they may have pushed into North Bihar also. The present Bodo population in the state of Assam is 52, 49,937. (Approx, figure as prepared by ABSU HQ, Kokrajhar). As the present work has a link with the ‘Bodoland Movement’ which ultimately resulted in the creation of Bodoland Territorial Council (BTC), a separate homeland for the Bodos within the state of Assam in the design of District Council (under 6th Schedule of the Constitution of India). During the study of different dimension it is clear that there culture is totally different than the Assames in the state. They are the Bodo people are very aware of their culture. They are the plain tribes and very closely living with the other cultures like the Aryans. But still they don’t lost their individuality. They maintaining it throughout the generations. Their culture is one of the richest culture of India. The word Bodo derived from the word Bod which means Tibet, its shows that they came from Tibet. They follow the religion named Bathoism. Ba means five and tho means deep. They believe that the world is made of the five element. All the villages are habitat of only Bodo tribal people who are belonging to the same caste. All of them are Schedule Tribes. Bodo tribal group is divided in to some clans i.e. Ramchiary, Borgoyary, Mosahary, Narzary, Khakhlory, and Basumatary etc. There is no specific job distribution among them according to the gender. Male and female everyone are well skilled in agriculture, household and animal husbandry works. But male usually taking care of animals and female do the household work. But in case male is not present then female also can handle the animals and male also can do household works in absence of female. There is no such social stigma that only female or male can do this…","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/119663427/Ecosystem_Study_of_the_Dalbari_Daklabari_Dakshinsuppa_and_Goibari_Villages","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2024-05-20T08:35:48.844-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":109208830,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Ecosystem_Study_of_the_Dalbari_Daklabari_Dakshinsuppa_and_Goibari_Villages","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"This fieldwork is about to understand the village as a whole. Reporting is done with the collected information through the methodology of applying all the PRA tools and some semi structured interview and FGDs. This report try to give the readers a well versed knowledge about all the dimensions of Bodo tribal village. Barama Block of Baksa District of Assam state. All the interpretations have done in a descriptive way with help of some charts, numerical data tables and some self-explanatory tables. A village is a geographically distinguishable place which is habitat of some human beings who lives in groups called family are socially, culturally and economically interrelated with each other. According to census data of 2011 68.84% Indians are staying in village which is around 833.1 million people live in 640,867 different villages. Among them according to the census data 2011 they are nearly 104 million people which is 8.6% of the total Indian population is belonging from the tribal community. The term “tribe”, derived from the Latin tribua, originally meant a political unit, and was later used to refer to social groups defined by the territory they occupied. Tribes are generally stayed either in forest of hilly region which is little detached from the main stream society. But there are some few tribes who lives in the plains nearer to the main stream abut still maintain their own culture, tradition and individuality. Bodo tribe is one of among them. Bodo is the one of the indigenous habitat of the north eastern India mainly in the Bramhaputra Valley of Assam. The word Bodo derived from the word Bod which means Tibet. It is identified that they are the origin of from the Indo-Mongoloid stock belonging to the Tibeto-Burman Language family. This Indo-Mongoloid group had close cultural assimilation with the Negritos, the Austro-Asiatic, the Nordic and Mediterranean races of India due to their close contact as established by history of civilization. But in spite of these the Bodos have maintained a distinctive identity The Boros prefer to call themselves as Boro or the Bodo or Borofisa. The term Boro indicates a race or a speech community speaking the Sino-Tibetan Boro language. They are recognized as a plains tribe in the Sixth Schedule of the Indian Constitution. The state of Assam is in reality divided into four more entities, viz Bengali dominated Barak Valley, Dimasa tribe dominated North Cachar Hills now known as Dima Hasao, Karbi tribe dominated Karbi Anglong and finally Bodo Kachari tribe dominated Bodoland. Bodoland is the gateway to the beautiful North Eastern Region of India, which was created very recently in the year 2007 by curving out some area of eight districts of Assam namely Kokrajhar, Dhubri, Bongaigaon, Barpeta, Nalbari, Kamrup, Darang and Sonitpur within the state of Assam. It is an autonomous Administrative unit constituted under the Sixth Schedule of the Constitution of India covering an area of 8795 Sq. Km (Provisional). Judging from the wide range of extension of their language, the Bodos appear first to have settled over the entire Brahamaputra valley and extended west into West Bengal (in Kochbehar, Rangpur and Dinajpur districts) they may have pushed into North Bihar also. The present Bodo population in the state of Assam is 52, 49,937. (Approx, figure as prepared by ABSU HQ, Kokrajhar). As the present work has a link with the ‘Bodoland Movement’ which ultimately resulted in the creation of Bodoland Territorial Council (BTC), a separate homeland for the Bodos within the state of Assam in the design of District Council (under 6th Schedule of the Constitution of India). During the study of different dimension it is clear that there culture is totally different than the Assames in the state. They are the Bodo people are very aware of their culture. They are the plain tribes and very closely living with the other cultures like the Aryans. But still they don’t lost their individuality. They maintaining it throughout the generations. Their culture is one of the richest culture of India. The word Bodo derived from the word Bod which means Tibet, its shows that they came from Tibet. They follow the religion named Bathoism. Ba means five and tho means deep. They believe that the world is made of the five element. All the villages are habitat of only Bodo tribal people who are belonging to the same caste. All of them are Schedule Tribes. Bodo tribal group is divided in to some clans i.e. Ramchiary, Borgoyary, Mosahary, Narzary, Khakhlory, and Basumatary etc. There is no specific job distribution among them according to the gender. Male and female everyone are well skilled in agriculture, household and animal husbandry works. But male usually taking care of animals and female do the household work. But in case male is not present then female also can handle the animals and male also can do household works in absence of female. There is no such social stigma that only female or male can do this…","owner":{"id":109208830,"first_name":"Saswatik","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Tripathy","page_name":"SaswatikTripathy","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2019-04-15T07:43:25.569-07:00","display_name":"Saswatik Tripathy","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SaswatikTripathy"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":65038,"name":"Tribal studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tribal_studies"},{"id":77301,"name":"Assam","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Assam"},{"id":927623,"name":"Bodoland","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bodoland"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="119663426"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/119663426/Development_pdf"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Development.pdf" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/115035482/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/119663426/Development_pdf">Development.pdf</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This bulletin is an output&lt;br&gt;of 7 day long international&lt;br&gt;online roundtable&lt;br&...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This bulletin is an output&lt;br&gt;of 7 day long international&lt;br&gt;online roundtable&lt;br&gt;discussion on Definition of&lt;br&gt;Development. This event&lt;br&gt;was a sporadic approach&lt;br&gt;which was organised by&lt;br&gt;Mr. Saswatik Tripathy a&lt;br&gt;development professional&lt;br&gt;with the objective of&lt;br&gt;understanding of people&#39;s&lt;br&gt;perspective on Development. This event&lt;br&gt;was organised at an online&lt;br&gt;platform ResearchGate&lt;br&gt;where people from&lt;br&gt;several country several&lt;br&gt;discipline participated in&lt;br&gt;the discussion. 15 people&lt;br&gt;actively participate in the&lt;br&gt;discussion by sharing their&lt;br&gt;views on development&lt;br&gt;with a constructive&lt;br&gt;definition. Other than that&lt;br&gt;95 people participate as an&lt;br&gt;observer to enrich their&lt;br&gt;understanding about the&lt;br&gt;concept of development. &lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt;</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="3811f962a067e358e993e51afb5cb108" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":115035482,"asset_id":119663426,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/115035482/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="119663426"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="119663426"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 119663426; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="10072796" id="papers"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="119663499"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/119663499/Living_on_the_Edge_Understanding_Human_Elephant_Conflict_in_Keonjhar_Odisha"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Living on the Edge: Understanding Human -Elephant Conflict in Keonjhar, Odisha" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/115035535/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/119663499/Living_on_the_Edge_Understanding_Human_Elephant_Conflict_in_Keonjhar_Odisha">Living on the Edge: Understanding Human -Elephant Conflict in Keonjhar, Odisha</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The coexistence of humans and elephants in the Indian state of Odisha has become increasingly str...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The coexistence of humans and elephants in the Indian state of Odisha has become increasingly strained, leading to a deepening crisis of human-elephant conflict (HEC). The rapid growth of state's human population, many developmental activities including mining and railway lines in the corridor escalating the conflicts. and encroached on traditional elephant habitats, the potential for confrontation between the two species has escalated, resulting in devastating consequences for both communities. This review article examines the key drivers and dimensions of HEC in Odisha in general and Keonjhar district in particular, including ecological, economic, and social factors that have contributed to the crisis. It explores the wide-ranging impacts of the conflict, from livelihood and economic disruptions to threats to human life and elephant conservation. The article also critically analyzes the various mitigation strategies and policy interventions implemented to address the problem, highlighting both their successes and the persistent challenges that continue to undermine their effectiveness. Finally, it identifies emerging issues, such as the impacts of climate change, that will shape the future trajectory of HEC management in the region. Ultimately, this review underscores the urgent need for a comprehensive, collaborative approach to resolving the human-elephant conflict in Keonjhar district of Odisha and preserving the delicate balance between human development and ecological conservation.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="7d6bcf4084c0ac72aa92d933b999428e" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":115035535,"asset_id":119663499,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/115035535/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="119663499"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="119663499"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 119663499; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="119663449"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/119663449/Effect_of_COVID_19_Pandemic_on_Livelihood_system_of_Bhil_Tribe"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Effect of COVID-19 Pandemic on Livelihood system of Bhil Tribe" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/119663449/Effect_of_COVID_19_Pandemic_on_Livelihood_system_of_Bhil_Tribe">Effect of COVID-19 Pandemic on Livelihood system of Bhil Tribe</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Social Science Research Network</span><span>, Mar 27, 2021</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Bhils or Bheels are an Indo-Aryan speaking ethnic group in West India. They speak the Bhil langua...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Bhils or Bheels are an Indo-Aryan speaking ethnic group in West India. They speak the Bhil languages, a subgroup of the Western Zone of the Indo-Aryan languages. As of 2013, Bhils were the largest tribal group in India. This study was done to understand the effect of COVID-19 on the livelihoods systems of the Bhils. Livelihood system is an integrated set of activities that a person perform in their daily life under the available resources and in favourable circumstances to generate the productivity and profitability. It is a complex interrelated matrix of different enterprises that are controlled by families and influenced by the social, political, economic and environmental forces. This a very important aspect of any rural and tribal livelihood. This study was done at Bajna block of Ratlam District in Madhya Pradesh during the time period of 27th February 2020 - 30th April 2020. For the collection of information mainly participatory information collection activity and telephonic interview was conducted. According to the collected information there were 116 different livelihood system in the pre COVID-19 era. Among them 51 were widely adopted by different families in the location. The basic components of this 51 livelihood systems were agriculture, animal husbandry and migratory labours. This paper described the system in a short and sharp manner by discussing an overview and economics of the different enterprises of the major components. For a better understanding of the profitability benefit cost ratio of each enterprises and livelihood systems are also provided. But after this COVID-19 pandemic due to the lockdown and the fear of infection the livelihood systems become very limited. After the Pandemic there are only 24 livelihood systems which can be adopted by the people with the present skill they have. In this paper a short discussion on the livelihood restoration is also included. The efficiency of MGNREGA is also discussed. The past data of MGNREGA shows that, it was unable to give an employment to the people who want for 100 days. 14 out of 19 big states on India has an average of only 50 days of Job security through MGNREGA. The wage rate also very low. There is a huge gap in the job demand and the supply. Then how people will survive without doing any migration work where in the location around 85 per cent of the families used to do that in pre COVID-19 era. For that a skill enhancement training for the rural and urban youth is suggested in the paper as per the local demand in the market.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="119663449"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="119663449"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 119663449; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=119663449]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=119663449]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 119663449; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='119663449']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=119663449]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":119663449,"title":"Effect of COVID-19 Pandemic on Livelihood system of Bhil Tribe","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/119663449/Effect_of_COVID_19_Pandemic_on_Livelihood_system_of_Bhil_Tribe","owner_id":109208830,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":109208830,"first_name":"Saswatik","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Tripathy","page_name":"SaswatikTripathy","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2019-04-15T07:43:25.569-07:00","display_name":"Saswatik Tripathy","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SaswatikTripathy"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="119663447"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/119663447/Homa_Farming_Of_Brinjal_Effect_of_Agnihotra_and_Amritjal_on_Growth_Yield_and_Quality_of_Brinjal_Solanum_melongena_L_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Homa Farming Of Brinjal (Effect of Agnihotra and Amritjal on Growth, Yield and Quality of Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.))" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/119663447/Homa_Farming_Of_Brinjal_Effect_of_Agnihotra_and_Amritjal_on_Growth_Yield_and_Quality_of_Brinjal_Solanum_melongena_L_">Homa Farming Of Brinjal (Effect of Agnihotra and Amritjal on Growth, Yield and Quality of Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.))</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Social Science Research Network</span><span>, 2020</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Brinjal is a crop grown widely all over India and loved by both rich and poor. The Chhotanagpur r...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Brinjal is a crop grown widely all over India and loved by both rich and poor. The Chhotanagpur region especially of Jharkhand is famous for rampant vegetable production. There is a wide use of chemical and synthetic fertilizers that are so expensive that poor farmers can’t afford it. The high use of chemicals and synthetics also reduces the quality of both the produce and the cultivated soil. In this context, attempts have been made combining solutions for both of the problems by conducting a varietal trial using four non-chemical alternative growing conditions viz. E1C1: Amritjal (1%), E1C2: Absolute Control (Inherent Fertility Status of Experimental Soil); E2C1: Amritjal (1%) + Homa Induction (Agnihotra), and E2C2: Only Homa Induction (Agnihotra) by employing five local varieties viz. V1: Swarna Pratibha; V2: Swarna Neelima; V3: Swarna Shakti; V4: Mukta Jhuri; V5: Long Green. The experimental was designed after RBD with three replications. The studied growth, yield and quality attributing characters revealed that the maximum yield (91.41 ± 6.05 t.ha-1) in Swarna Neelima as recorded by the treatment E2C1: Amritjal (1%) + Homa Induction (Agnihotra) because of its supply of high nutrition through soil and air. Whereas in quality parameters like TSS and Chlorophyll etc. are in different varieties also performed best in E2C1: Amritjal (1%) + Homa Induction (Agnihotra) condition. Coming to the varieties, the variety V2 (Swarna Neelima) has recorded the highest yield (91.41 ± 6.05 t.ha-1). But the variety V3 (Swarna Shakti) performed well in terms of its quality parameters like TSS (5.98 ± 0.110Brix), reducing sugar (3.76 ± 0.04%) content etc. Considering both the variety and alternative growing conditions, V2 (Swarna Neelima) emerged as the best performing variety under the growing condition of E2C1: Amritjal (1%) + Homa Induction (Agnihotra). The expression of different studied quality traits performed independently under the influences of alternative growing conditions.. However, the highest B:C ratio of 6.72 has been recorded in V2 (Swarna Neelima) particularly when cultivated through the alternative growing condition of E2C1: Amritjal (1%) + Homa Induction (Agnihotra). So, it may be concluded that Swarna Neelima variety of brinjal is highly suitable for cultivation in the south Chhotanagpur plateau of Jharkhand by using alternative growing condition of E2C1: Amritjal (1%) + Homa Induction (Agnihotra).</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="119663447"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="119663447"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 119663447; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); 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</script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="119663445"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/119663445/Green_Manuring_for_Cost_Reduced_Sustainable_Agriculture"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Green Manuring for Cost Reduced Sustainable Agriculture" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/119663445/Green_Manuring_for_Cost_Reduced_Sustainable_Agriculture">Green Manuring for Cost Reduced Sustainable Agriculture</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Social Science Research Network</span><span>, 2021</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="119663445"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="119663445"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 119663445; 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dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=119663445]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":119663445,"title":"Green Manuring for Cost Reduced Sustainable Agriculture","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/119663445/Green_Manuring_for_Cost_Reduced_Sustainable_Agriculture","owner_id":109208830,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":109208830,"first_name":"Saswatik","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Tripathy","page_name":"SaswatikTripathy","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2019-04-15T07:43:25.569-07:00","display_name":"Saswatik Tripathy","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SaswatikTripathy"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="119663444"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/119663444/A_Study_on_the_Efforts_of_Krishi_Mitras_To_Promote_Nonchemical_Farming_With_Selected_Case_Studies_From_the_Fields_of_Nayagarh_Odisha_India"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of A Study on the Efforts of Krishi Mitras To Promote Nonchemical Farming With Selected Case Studies From the Fields of Nayagarh, Odisha, India" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/119663444/A_Study_on_the_Efforts_of_Krishi_Mitras_To_Promote_Nonchemical_Farming_With_Selected_Case_Studies_From_the_Fields_of_Nayagarh_Odisha_India">A Study on the Efforts of Krishi Mitras To Promote Nonchemical Farming With Selected Case Studies From the Fields of Nayagarh, Odisha, India</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Social Science Research Network</span><span>, 2021</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Krishi Mitras (Farmer’s friends) are the frontline workers of Odisha Livelihood Mission (OLM) who...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Krishi Mitras (Farmer’s friends) are the frontline workers of Odisha Livelihood Mission (OLM) who are supposed to work with a minimum of 150 farming households to promote sustainable agriculture in the state of Odisha, India. . Last one year these frontline workers focused on promoting the sustainable agriculture through the non-chemical approach. To promote this approach they gone through several trainings organised by Odisha Livelihood Mission in collaboration with Foundation For Ecological Security (FES) which was supported by Hindustan Unilever Foundation (HUF). The efforts and dedication Krishi Mitras are giving in the fields cannot be justified by tracking it through any numerical formula or numbers. Each of them faced different hurdles. The challenges include physical as well as social barriers as most of them are women. The only ways to do justice to their efforts are identifying their stories and spread all around for motivating many frontline workers like them and others.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="119663444"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="119663444"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 119663444; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=119663444]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=119663444]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 119663444; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='119663444']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=119663444]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":119663444,"title":"A Study on the Efforts of Krishi Mitras To Promote Nonchemical Farming With Selected Case Studies From the Fields of Nayagarh, Odisha, India","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/119663444/A_Study_on_the_Efforts_of_Krishi_Mitras_To_Promote_Nonchemical_Farming_With_Selected_Case_Studies_From_the_Fields_of_Nayagarh_Odisha_India","owner_id":109208830,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":109208830,"first_name":"Saswatik","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Tripathy","page_name":"SaswatikTripathy","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2019-04-15T07:43:25.569-07:00","display_name":"Saswatik Tripathy","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SaswatikTripathy"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="119663442"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/119663442/They_Are_Happy_An_Ecosystem_Study_of_Bodo_tribe_of_Assam_India_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of They Are Happy (An Ecosystem Study of Bodo tribe of Assam, India)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/119663442/They_Are_Happy_An_Ecosystem_Study_of_Bodo_tribe_of_Assam_India_">They Are Happy (An Ecosystem Study of Bodo tribe of Assam, India)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Social Science Research Network</span><span>, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This work is about to understand the village as a whole. Reporting is done with the collected inf...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This work is about to understand the village as a whole. Reporting is done with the collected information through the methodology of applying all the PRA tools and some semi-structured interview and FGDs. This report tries to give the readers a well-versed knowledge about all the dimensions of Bodo tribal village. Barama Block of Baksa District of Assam state. All the interpretations have done in a descriptive way with help of some charts, numerical data tables and some self-explanatory tables. A village is a geographically distinguishable place which is the habitat of some human beings who live in groups called family are socially, culturally and economically interrelated with each other. According to census data of 2011 68.84% of Indians are staying in the village which is around 833.1 million people live in 640,867 different villages. Among them according to the census data 2011 they are nearly 104 million people which is 8.6% of the total Indian population is belonging from the tribal community. The term “tribe”, derived from the Latin tribua, originally meant a political unit, and was later used to refer to social groups defined by the territory they occupied. Tribes are generally stayed either in forest of hilly region which is little detached from the main stream society. But there are some few tribes who lives in the plains nearer to the main stream abut still maintain their own culture, tradition and individuality. Bodo tribe is one of among them. Bodo is the one of the indigenous habitat of the north eastern India mainly in the Bramhaputra Valley of Assam. The word Bodo derived from the word Bod which means Tibet. It is identified that they are the origin of from the Indo-Mongoloid stock belonging to the Tibeto-Burman Language family. This Indo-Mongoloid group had close cultural assimilation with the Negritos, the Austro-Asiatic, the Nordic and Mediterranean races of India due to their close contact as established by the history of civilization. But in spite of these, the Bodos have maintained a distinctive identity The Boros prefer to call themselves as Boro or the Bodo or Borofisa. The term Boro indicates a race or a speech community speaking the Sino-Tibetan Boro language. They are recognized as a plains tribe in the Sixth Schedule of the Indian Constitution. The state of Assam is in reality divided into four more entities, viz Bengali dominated Barak Valley, Dimasa tribe dominated North Cachar Hills now known as Dima Hasao, Karbi tribe dominated Karbi Anglong and finally Bodo Kachari tribe dominated Bodoland. Bodoland is the gateway to the beautiful North Eastern Region of India, which was created very recently in the year 2007 by curving out some area of eight districts of Assam namely Kokrajhar, Dhubri, Bongaigaon, Barpeta, Nalbari, Kamrup, Darang and Sonitpur within the state of Assam. It is an autonomous Administrative unit constituted under the Sixth Schedule of the Constitution of India covering an area of 8795 Sq. Km (Provisional). Judging from the wide range of extension of their language, the Bodos appear first to have settled over the entire Brahamaputra valley and extended west into West Bengal (in Kochbehar, Rangpur and Dinajpur districts) they may have pushed into North Bihar also. The present Bodo population in the state of Assam is 52, 49,937. (Approx, figure as prepared by ABSU HQ, Kokrajhar). As the present work has a link with the ‘Bodoland Movement’ which ultimately resulted in the creation of Bodoland Territorial Council (BTC), a separate homeland for the Bodos within the state of Assam in the design of District Council (under 6th Schedule of the Constitution of India). During the study of different dimension it is clear that there culture is totally different than the Assames in the state. They are the Bodo people are very aware of their culture. They are the plain tribes and very closely living with the other cultures like the Aryans. But still they don’t lost their individuality. They maintaining it throughout the generations. Their culture is one of the richest culture of India. The word Bodo derived from the word Bod which means Tibet, its shows that they came from Tibet. They follow the religion named Bathoism. Ba means five and tho means deep. They believe that the world is made of the five element. All the villages are habitat of only Bodo tribal people who are belonging to the same caste. All of them are Schedule Tribes. Bodo tribal group is divided in to some clans i.e. Ramchiary, Borgoyary, Mosahary, Narzary, Khakhlory, and Basumatary etc. There is no specific job distribution among them according to the gender. Male and female everyone are well skilled in agriculture, household and animal husbandry works. But male usually taking care of animals and female do the household work. But in case male is not present then female also can handle the animals and male also can do household works in absence of female. There is no such social stigma that only female or male…</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="119663442"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="119663442"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 119663442; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=119663442]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=119663442]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 119663442; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='119663442']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=119663442]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":119663442,"title":"They Are Happy (An Ecosystem Study of Bodo tribe of Assam, India)","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"This work is about to understand the village as a whole. Reporting is done with the collected information through the methodology of applying all the PRA tools and some semi-structured interview and FGDs. This report tries to give the readers a well-versed knowledge about all the dimensions of Bodo tribal village. Barama Block of Baksa District of Assam state. All the interpretations have done in a descriptive way with help of some charts, numerical data tables and some self-explanatory tables. A village is a geographically distinguishable place which is the habitat of some human beings who live in groups called family are socially, culturally and economically interrelated with each other. According to census data of 2011 68.84% of Indians are staying in the village which is around 833.1 million people live in 640,867 different villages. Among them according to the census data 2011 they are nearly 104 million people which is 8.6% of the total Indian population is belonging from the tribal community. The term “tribe”, derived from the Latin tribua, originally meant a political unit, and was later used to refer to social groups defined by the territory they occupied. Tribes are generally stayed either in forest of hilly region which is little detached from the main stream society. But there are some few tribes who lives in the plains nearer to the main stream abut still maintain their own culture, tradition and individuality. Bodo tribe is one of among them. Bodo is the one of the indigenous habitat of the north eastern India mainly in the Bramhaputra Valley of Assam. The word Bodo derived from the word Bod which means Tibet. It is identified that they are the origin of from the Indo-Mongoloid stock belonging to the Tibeto-Burman Language family. This Indo-Mongoloid group had close cultural assimilation with the Negritos, the Austro-Asiatic, the Nordic and Mediterranean races of India due to their close contact as established by the history of civilization. But in spite of these, the Bodos have maintained a distinctive identity The Boros prefer to call themselves as Boro or the Bodo or Borofisa. The term Boro indicates a race or a speech community speaking the Sino-Tibetan Boro language. They are recognized as a plains tribe in the Sixth Schedule of the Indian Constitution. The state of Assam is in reality divided into four more entities, viz Bengali dominated Barak Valley, Dimasa tribe dominated North Cachar Hills now known as Dima Hasao, Karbi tribe dominated Karbi Anglong and finally Bodo Kachari tribe dominated Bodoland. Bodoland is the gateway to the beautiful North Eastern Region of India, which was created very recently in the year 2007 by curving out some area of eight districts of Assam namely Kokrajhar, Dhubri, Bongaigaon, Barpeta, Nalbari, Kamrup, Darang and Sonitpur within the state of Assam. It is an autonomous Administrative unit constituted under the Sixth Schedule of the Constitution of India covering an area of 8795 Sq. Km (Provisional). Judging from the wide range of extension of their language, the Bodos appear first to have settled over the entire Brahamaputra valley and extended west into West Bengal (in Kochbehar, Rangpur and Dinajpur districts) they may have pushed into North Bihar also. The present Bodo population in the state of Assam is 52, 49,937. (Approx, figure as prepared by ABSU HQ, Kokrajhar). As the present work has a link with the ‘Bodoland Movement’ which ultimately resulted in the creation of Bodoland Territorial Council (BTC), a separate homeland for the Bodos within the state of Assam in the design of District Council (under 6th Schedule of the Constitution of India). During the study of different dimension it is clear that there culture is totally different than the Assames in the state. They are the Bodo people are very aware of their culture. They are the plain tribes and very closely living with the other cultures like the Aryans. But still they don’t lost their individuality. They maintaining it throughout the generations. Their culture is one of the richest culture of India. The word Bodo derived from the word Bod which means Tibet, its shows that they came from Tibet. They follow the religion named Bathoism. Ba means five and tho means deep. They believe that the world is made of the five element. All the villages are habitat of only Bodo tribal people who are belonging to the same caste. All of them are Schedule Tribes. Bodo tribal group is divided in to some clans i.e. Ramchiary, Borgoyary, Mosahary, Narzary, Khakhlory, and Basumatary etc. There is no specific job distribution among them according to the gender. Male and female everyone are well skilled in agriculture, household and animal husbandry works. But male usually taking care of animals and female do the household work. But in case male is not present then female also can handle the animals and male also can do household works in absence of female. There is no such social stigma that only female or male…","publisher":"Social Science Electronic Publishing","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2019,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Social Science Research Network"},"translated_abstract":"This work is about to understand the village as a whole. Reporting is done with the collected information through the methodology of applying all the PRA tools and some semi-structured interview and FGDs. This report tries to give the readers a well-versed knowledge about all the dimensions of Bodo tribal village. Barama Block of Baksa District of Assam state. All the interpretations have done in a descriptive way with help of some charts, numerical data tables and some self-explanatory tables. A village is a geographically distinguishable place which is the habitat of some human beings who live in groups called family are socially, culturally and economically interrelated with each other. According to census data of 2011 68.84% of Indians are staying in the village which is around 833.1 million people live in 640,867 different villages. Among them according to the census data 2011 they are nearly 104 million people which is 8.6% of the total Indian population is belonging from the tribal community. The term “tribe”, derived from the Latin tribua, originally meant a political unit, and was later used to refer to social groups defined by the territory they occupied. Tribes are generally stayed either in forest of hilly region which is little detached from the main stream society. But there are some few tribes who lives in the plains nearer to the main stream abut still maintain their own culture, tradition and individuality. Bodo tribe is one of among them. Bodo is the one of the indigenous habitat of the north eastern India mainly in the Bramhaputra Valley of Assam. The word Bodo derived from the word Bod which means Tibet. It is identified that they are the origin of from the Indo-Mongoloid stock belonging to the Tibeto-Burman Language family. This Indo-Mongoloid group had close cultural assimilation with the Negritos, the Austro-Asiatic, the Nordic and Mediterranean races of India due to their close contact as established by the history of civilization. But in spite of these, the Bodos have maintained a distinctive identity The Boros prefer to call themselves as Boro or the Bodo or Borofisa. The term Boro indicates a race or a speech community speaking the Sino-Tibetan Boro language. They are recognized as a plains tribe in the Sixth Schedule of the Indian Constitution. The state of Assam is in reality divided into four more entities, viz Bengali dominated Barak Valley, Dimasa tribe dominated North Cachar Hills now known as Dima Hasao, Karbi tribe dominated Karbi Anglong and finally Bodo Kachari tribe dominated Bodoland. Bodoland is the gateway to the beautiful North Eastern Region of India, which was created very recently in the year 2007 by curving out some area of eight districts of Assam namely Kokrajhar, Dhubri, Bongaigaon, Barpeta, Nalbari, Kamrup, Darang and Sonitpur within the state of Assam. It is an autonomous Administrative unit constituted under the Sixth Schedule of the Constitution of India covering an area of 8795 Sq. Km (Provisional). Judging from the wide range of extension of their language, the Bodos appear first to have settled over the entire Brahamaputra valley and extended west into West Bengal (in Kochbehar, Rangpur and Dinajpur districts) they may have pushed into North Bihar also. The present Bodo population in the state of Assam is 52, 49,937. (Approx, figure as prepared by ABSU HQ, Kokrajhar). As the present work has a link with the ‘Bodoland Movement’ which ultimately resulted in the creation of Bodoland Territorial Council (BTC), a separate homeland for the Bodos within the state of Assam in the design of District Council (under 6th Schedule of the Constitution of India). During the study of different dimension it is clear that there culture is totally different than the Assames in the state. They are the Bodo people are very aware of their culture. They are the plain tribes and very closely living with the other cultures like the Aryans. But still they don’t lost their individuality. They maintaining it throughout the generations. Their culture is one of the richest culture of India. The word Bodo derived from the word Bod which means Tibet, its shows that they came from Tibet. They follow the religion named Bathoism. Ba means five and tho means deep. They believe that the world is made of the five element. All the villages are habitat of only Bodo tribal people who are belonging to the same caste. All of them are Schedule Tribes. Bodo tribal group is divided in to some clans i.e. Ramchiary, Borgoyary, Mosahary, Narzary, Khakhlory, and Basumatary etc. There is no specific job distribution among them according to the gender. Male and female everyone are well skilled in agriculture, household and animal husbandry works. But male usually taking care of animals and female do the household work. But in case male is not present then female also can handle the animals and male also can do household works in absence of female. There is no such social stigma that only female or male…","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/119663442/They_Are_Happy_An_Ecosystem_Study_of_Bodo_tribe_of_Assam_India_","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2024-05-20T08:35:51.429-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":109208830,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"They_Are_Happy_An_Ecosystem_Study_of_Bodo_tribe_of_Assam_India_","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"This work is about to understand the village as a whole. Reporting is done with the collected information through the methodology of applying all the PRA tools and some semi-structured interview and FGDs. This report tries to give the readers a well-versed knowledge about all the dimensions of Bodo tribal village. Barama Block of Baksa District of Assam state. All the interpretations have done in a descriptive way with help of some charts, numerical data tables and some self-explanatory tables. A village is a geographically distinguishable place which is the habitat of some human beings who live in groups called family are socially, culturally and economically interrelated with each other. According to census data of 2011 68.84% of Indians are staying in the village which is around 833.1 million people live in 640,867 different villages. Among them according to the census data 2011 they are nearly 104 million people which is 8.6% of the total Indian population is belonging from the tribal community. The term “tribe”, derived from the Latin tribua, originally meant a political unit, and was later used to refer to social groups defined by the territory they occupied. Tribes are generally stayed either in forest of hilly region which is little detached from the main stream society. But there are some few tribes who lives in the plains nearer to the main stream abut still maintain their own culture, tradition and individuality. Bodo tribe is one of among them. Bodo is the one of the indigenous habitat of the north eastern India mainly in the Bramhaputra Valley of Assam. The word Bodo derived from the word Bod which means Tibet. It is identified that they are the origin of from the Indo-Mongoloid stock belonging to the Tibeto-Burman Language family. This Indo-Mongoloid group had close cultural assimilation with the Negritos, the Austro-Asiatic, the Nordic and Mediterranean races of India due to their close contact as established by the history of civilization. But in spite of these, the Bodos have maintained a distinctive identity The Boros prefer to call themselves as Boro or the Bodo or Borofisa. The term Boro indicates a race or a speech community speaking the Sino-Tibetan Boro language. They are recognized as a plains tribe in the Sixth Schedule of the Indian Constitution. The state of Assam is in reality divided into four more entities, viz Bengali dominated Barak Valley, Dimasa tribe dominated North Cachar Hills now known as Dima Hasao, Karbi tribe dominated Karbi Anglong and finally Bodo Kachari tribe dominated Bodoland. Bodoland is the gateway to the beautiful North Eastern Region of India, which was created very recently in the year 2007 by curving out some area of eight districts of Assam namely Kokrajhar, Dhubri, Bongaigaon, Barpeta, Nalbari, Kamrup, Darang and Sonitpur within the state of Assam. It is an autonomous Administrative unit constituted under the Sixth Schedule of the Constitution of India covering an area of 8795 Sq. Km (Provisional). Judging from the wide range of extension of their language, the Bodos appear first to have settled over the entire Brahamaputra valley and extended west into West Bengal (in Kochbehar, Rangpur and Dinajpur districts) they may have pushed into North Bihar also. The present Bodo population in the state of Assam is 52, 49,937. (Approx, figure as prepared by ABSU HQ, Kokrajhar). As the present work has a link with the ‘Bodoland Movement’ which ultimately resulted in the creation of Bodoland Territorial Council (BTC), a separate homeland for the Bodos within the state of Assam in the design of District Council (under 6th Schedule of the Constitution of India). During the study of different dimension it is clear that there culture is totally different than the Assames in the state. They are the Bodo people are very aware of their culture. They are the plain tribes and very closely living with the other cultures like the Aryans. But still they don’t lost their individuality. They maintaining it throughout the generations. Their culture is one of the richest culture of India. The word Bodo derived from the word Bod which means Tibet, its shows that they came from Tibet. They follow the religion named Bathoism. Ba means five and tho means deep. They believe that the world is made of the five element. All the villages are habitat of only Bodo tribal people who are belonging to the same caste. All of them are Schedule Tribes. Bodo tribal group is divided in to some clans i.e. Ramchiary, Borgoyary, Mosahary, Narzary, Khakhlory, and Basumatary etc. There is no specific job distribution among them according to the gender. Male and female everyone are well skilled in agriculture, household and animal husbandry works. But male usually taking care of animals and female do the household work. But in case male is not present then female also can handle the animals and male also can do household works in absence of female. There is no such social stigma that only female or male…","owner":{"id":109208830,"first_name":"Saswatik","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Tripathy","page_name":"SaswatikTripathy","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2019-04-15T07:43:25.569-07:00","display_name":"Saswatik Tripathy","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SaswatikTripathy"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":261,"name":"Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geography"},{"id":69856,"name":"Social Science Research Network","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Science_Research_Network"},{"id":116876,"name":"Tribe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tribe"},{"id":373754,"name":"Ecosystem","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecosystem"},{"id":684573,"name":"Happyness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Happyness"},{"id":1155422,"name":"Bodo tribe of Assam","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bodo_tribe_of_Assam"}],"urls":[{"id":42143287,"url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3851231"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); 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dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=119663433]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":119663433,"title":"The Language of Profit","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/119663433/The_Language_of_Profit","owner_id":109208830,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":109208830,"first_name":"Saswatik","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Tripathy","page_name":"SaswatikTripathy","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2019-04-15T07:43:25.569-07:00","display_name":"Saswatik Tripathy","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SaswatikTripathy"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="119663432"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/119663432/Pandemic_Effect_in_Bajna_Block_MadhyaPradesh"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Pandemic Effect in Bajna Block MadhyaPradesh" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/119663432/Pandemic_Effect_in_Bajna_Block_MadhyaPradesh">Pandemic Effect in Bajna Block MadhyaPradesh</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="119663432"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="119663432"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 119663432; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=119663432]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=119663432]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 119663432; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='119663432']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=119663432]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":119663432,"title":"Pandemic Effect in Bajna Block MadhyaPradesh","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/119663432/Pandemic_Effect_in_Bajna_Block_MadhyaPradesh","owner_id":109208830,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":109208830,"first_name":"Saswatik","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Tripathy","page_name":"SaswatikTripathy","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2019-04-15T07:43:25.569-07:00","display_name":"Saswatik Tripathy","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SaswatikTripathy"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="119663431"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/119663431/Effect_of_Agnihotra_and_Amritjal_on_Growth_Yield_and_Quality_of_Brinjal_Solanum_melongena_L_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Effect of Agnihotra and Amritjal on Growth, Yield and Quality of Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/119663431/Effect_of_Agnihotra_and_Amritjal_on_Growth_Yield_and_Quality_of_Brinjal_Solanum_melongena_L_">Effect of Agnihotra and Amritjal on Growth, Yield and Quality of Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Brinjal is a crop grown widely all over India and loved by both rich and poor. The Chhotanagpur r...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Brinjal is a crop grown widely all over India and loved by both rich and poor. The Chhotanagpur region especially of Jharkhand is famous for rampant vegetable production. There is a wide use of chemical and synthetic fertilizers that are so expensive that poor farmers can’t afford it. The high use of chemicals and synthetics also reduces the quality of both the produce and the cultivated soil. In this context, attempts have been made combining solutions for both of the problems by conducting a varietal trial using four non-chemical alternative growing conditions viz. E1C1: Amritjal (1%), E1C2: Absolute Control (Inherent Fertility Status of Experimental Soil); E2C1: Amritjal (1%) + Homa Induction (Agnihotra), and E2C2: Only Homa Induction (Agnihotra) by employing five local varieties viz. V1: Swarna Pratibha; V2: Swarna Neelima; V3: Swarna Shakti; V4: Mukta Jhuri; V5: Long Green. The experimental was designed after RBD with three replications. The studied growth, yield and quality attributing characters revealed that the maximum yield (91.41 ± 6.05 t.ha-1) in Swarna Neelima as recorded by the treatment E2C1: Amritjal (1%) + Homa Induction (Agnihotra) because of its supply of high nutrition through soil and air. Whereas in quality parameters like TSS and Chlorophyll etc. are in different varieties also performed best in E2C1: Amritjal (1%) + Homa Induction (Agnihotra) condition. Coming to the varieties, the variety V2 (Swarna Neelima) has recorded the highest yield (91.41 ± 6.05 t.ha-1). But the variety V3 (Swarna Shakti) performed well in terms of its quality parameters like TSS (5.98 ± 0.110Brix), reducing sugar (3.76 ± 0.04%) content etc. Considering both the variety and alternative growing conditions, V2 (Swarna Neelima) emerged as the best performing variety under the growing condition of E2C1: Amritjal (1%) + Homa Induction (Agnihotra). The expression of different studied quality traits performed independently under the influences of alternative growing conditions.. However, the highest B:C ratio of 6.72 has been recorded in V2 (Swarna Neelima) particularly when cultivated through the alternative growing condition of E2C1: Amritjal (1%) + Homa Induction (Agnihotra). So, it may be concluded that Swarna Neelima variety of brinjal is highly suitable for cultivation in the south Chhotanagpur plateau of Jharkhand by using alternative growing condition of E2C1: Amritjal (1%) + Homa Induction (Agnihotra).</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="119663431"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="119663431"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 119663431; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); 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Reporting is done with the collecte...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This fieldwork is about to understand the village as a whole. Reporting is done with the collected information through the methodology of applying all the PRA tools and some semi structured interview and FGDs. This report try to give the readers a well versed knowledge about all the dimensions of Bodo tribal village. Barama Block of Baksa District of Assam state. All the interpretations have done in a descriptive way with help of some charts, numerical data tables and some self-explanatory tables. A village is a geographically distinguishable place which is habitat of some human beings who lives in groups called family are socially, culturally and economically interrelated with each other. According to census data of 2011 68.84% Indians are staying in village which is around 833.1 million people live in 640,867 different villages. Among them according to the census data 2011 they are nearly 104 million people which is 8.6% of the total Indian population is belonging from the tribal community. The term “tribe”, derived from the Latin tribua, originally meant a political unit, and was later used to refer to social groups defined by the territory they occupied. Tribes are generally stayed either in forest of hilly region which is little detached from the main stream society. But there are some few tribes who lives in the plains nearer to the main stream abut still maintain their own culture, tradition and individuality. Bodo tribe is one of among them. Bodo is the one of the indigenous habitat of the north eastern India mainly in the Bramhaputra Valley of Assam. The word Bodo derived from the word Bod which means Tibet. It is identified that they are the origin of from the Indo-Mongoloid stock belonging to the Tibeto-Burman Language family. This Indo-Mongoloid group had close cultural assimilation with the Negritos, the Austro-Asiatic, the Nordic and Mediterranean races of India due to their close contact as established by history of civilization. But in spite of these the Bodos have maintained a distinctive identity The Boros prefer to call themselves as Boro or the Bodo or Borofisa. The term Boro indicates a race or a speech community speaking the Sino-Tibetan Boro language. They are recognized as a plains tribe in the Sixth Schedule of the Indian Constitution. The state of Assam is in reality divided into four more entities, viz Bengali dominated Barak Valley, Dimasa tribe dominated North Cachar Hills now known as Dima Hasao, Karbi tribe dominated Karbi Anglong and finally Bodo Kachari tribe dominated Bodoland. Bodoland is the gateway to the beautiful North Eastern Region of India, which was created very recently in the year 2007 by curving out some area of eight districts of Assam namely Kokrajhar, Dhubri, Bongaigaon, Barpeta, Nalbari, Kamrup, Darang and Sonitpur within the state of Assam. It is an autonomous Administrative unit constituted under the Sixth Schedule of the Constitution of India covering an area of 8795 Sq. Km (Provisional). Judging from the wide range of extension of their language, the Bodos appear first to have settled over the entire Brahamaputra valley and extended west into West Bengal (in Kochbehar, Rangpur and Dinajpur districts) they may have pushed into North Bihar also. The present Bodo population in the state of Assam is 52, 49,937. (Approx, figure as prepared by ABSU HQ, Kokrajhar). As the present work has a link with the ‘Bodoland Movement’ which ultimately resulted in the creation of Bodoland Territorial Council (BTC), a separate homeland for the Bodos within the state of Assam in the design of District Council (under 6th Schedule of the Constitution of India). During the study of different dimension it is clear that there culture is totally different than the Assames in the state. They are the Bodo people are very aware of their culture. They are the plain tribes and very closely living with the other cultures like the Aryans. But still they don’t lost their individuality. They maintaining it throughout the generations. Their culture is one of the richest culture of India. The word Bodo derived from the word Bod which means Tibet, its shows that they came from Tibet. They follow the religion named Bathoism. Ba means five and tho means deep. They believe that the world is made of the five element. All the villages are habitat of only Bodo tribal people who are belonging to the same caste. All of them are Schedule Tribes. Bodo tribal group is divided in to some clans i.e. Ramchiary, Borgoyary, Mosahary, Narzary, Khakhlory, and Basumatary etc. There is no specific job distribution among them according to the gender. Male and female everyone are well skilled in agriculture, household and animal husbandry works. But male usually taking care of animals and female do the household work. But in case male is not present then female also can handle the animals and male also can do household works in absence of female. There is no such social stigma that only female or male can do this…</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="119663427"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="119663427"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 119663427; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=119663427]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=119663427]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 119663427; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='119663427']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=119663427]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":119663427,"title":"Ecosystem Study of the Dalbari, Daklabari, Dakshinsuppa and Goibari Villages","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"This fieldwork is about to understand the village as a whole. Reporting is done with the collected information through the methodology of applying all the PRA tools and some semi structured interview and FGDs. This report try to give the readers a well versed knowledge about all the dimensions of Bodo tribal village. Barama Block of Baksa District of Assam state. All the interpretations have done in a descriptive way with help of some charts, numerical data tables and some self-explanatory tables. A village is a geographically distinguishable place which is habitat of some human beings who lives in groups called family are socially, culturally and economically interrelated with each other. According to census data of 2011 68.84% Indians are staying in village which is around 833.1 million people live in 640,867 different villages. Among them according to the census data 2011 they are nearly 104 million people which is 8.6% of the total Indian population is belonging from the tribal community. The term “tribe”, derived from the Latin tribua, originally meant a political unit, and was later used to refer to social groups defined by the territory they occupied. Tribes are generally stayed either in forest of hilly region which is little detached from the main stream society. But there are some few tribes who lives in the plains nearer to the main stream abut still maintain their own culture, tradition and individuality. Bodo tribe is one of among them. Bodo is the one of the indigenous habitat of the north eastern India mainly in the Bramhaputra Valley of Assam. The word Bodo derived from the word Bod which means Tibet. It is identified that they are the origin of from the Indo-Mongoloid stock belonging to the Tibeto-Burman Language family. This Indo-Mongoloid group had close cultural assimilation with the Negritos, the Austro-Asiatic, the Nordic and Mediterranean races of India due to their close contact as established by history of civilization. But in spite of these the Bodos have maintained a distinctive identity The Boros prefer to call themselves as Boro or the Bodo or Borofisa. The term Boro indicates a race or a speech community speaking the Sino-Tibetan Boro language. They are recognized as a plains tribe in the Sixth Schedule of the Indian Constitution. The state of Assam is in reality divided into four more entities, viz Bengali dominated Barak Valley, Dimasa tribe dominated North Cachar Hills now known as Dima Hasao, Karbi tribe dominated Karbi Anglong and finally Bodo Kachari tribe dominated Bodoland. Bodoland is the gateway to the beautiful North Eastern Region of India, which was created very recently in the year 2007 by curving out some area of eight districts of Assam namely Kokrajhar, Dhubri, Bongaigaon, Barpeta, Nalbari, Kamrup, Darang and Sonitpur within the state of Assam. It is an autonomous Administrative unit constituted under the Sixth Schedule of the Constitution of India covering an area of 8795 Sq. Km (Provisional). Judging from the wide range of extension of their language, the Bodos appear first to have settled over the entire Brahamaputra valley and extended west into West Bengal (in Kochbehar, Rangpur and Dinajpur districts) they may have pushed into North Bihar also. The present Bodo population in the state of Assam is 52, 49,937. (Approx, figure as prepared by ABSU HQ, Kokrajhar). As the present work has a link with the ‘Bodoland Movement’ which ultimately resulted in the creation of Bodoland Territorial Council (BTC), a separate homeland for the Bodos within the state of Assam in the design of District Council (under 6th Schedule of the Constitution of India). During the study of different dimension it is clear that there culture is totally different than the Assames in the state. They are the Bodo people are very aware of their culture. They are the plain tribes and very closely living with the other cultures like the Aryans. But still they don’t lost their individuality. They maintaining it throughout the generations. Their culture is one of the richest culture of India. The word Bodo derived from the word Bod which means Tibet, its shows that they came from Tibet. They follow the religion named Bathoism. Ba means five and tho means deep. They believe that the world is made of the five element. All the villages are habitat of only Bodo tribal people who are belonging to the same caste. All of them are Schedule Tribes. Bodo tribal group is divided in to some clans i.e. Ramchiary, Borgoyary, Mosahary, Narzary, Khakhlory, and Basumatary etc. There is no specific job distribution among them according to the gender. Male and female everyone are well skilled in agriculture, household and animal husbandry works. But male usually taking care of animals and female do the household work. But in case male is not present then female also can handle the animals and male also can do household works in absence of female. There is no such social stigma that only female or male can do this…","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2019,"errors":{}}},"translated_abstract":"This fieldwork is about to understand the village as a whole. Reporting is done with the collected information through the methodology of applying all the PRA tools and some semi structured interview and FGDs. This report try to give the readers a well versed knowledge about all the dimensions of Bodo tribal village. Barama Block of Baksa District of Assam state. All the interpretations have done in a descriptive way with help of some charts, numerical data tables and some self-explanatory tables. A village is a geographically distinguishable place which is habitat of some human beings who lives in groups called family are socially, culturally and economically interrelated with each other. According to census data of 2011 68.84% Indians are staying in village which is around 833.1 million people live in 640,867 different villages. Among them according to the census data 2011 they are nearly 104 million people which is 8.6% of the total Indian population is belonging from the tribal community. The term “tribe”, derived from the Latin tribua, originally meant a political unit, and was later used to refer to social groups defined by the territory they occupied. Tribes are generally stayed either in forest of hilly region which is little detached from the main stream society. But there are some few tribes who lives in the plains nearer to the main stream abut still maintain their own culture, tradition and individuality. Bodo tribe is one of among them. Bodo is the one of the indigenous habitat of the north eastern India mainly in the Bramhaputra Valley of Assam. The word Bodo derived from the word Bod which means Tibet. It is identified that they are the origin of from the Indo-Mongoloid stock belonging to the Tibeto-Burman Language family. This Indo-Mongoloid group had close cultural assimilation with the Negritos, the Austro-Asiatic, the Nordic and Mediterranean races of India due to their close contact as established by history of civilization. But in spite of these the Bodos have maintained a distinctive identity The Boros prefer to call themselves as Boro or the Bodo or Borofisa. The term Boro indicates a race or a speech community speaking the Sino-Tibetan Boro language. They are recognized as a plains tribe in the Sixth Schedule of the Indian Constitution. The state of Assam is in reality divided into four more entities, viz Bengali dominated Barak Valley, Dimasa tribe dominated North Cachar Hills now known as Dima Hasao, Karbi tribe dominated Karbi Anglong and finally Bodo Kachari tribe dominated Bodoland. Bodoland is the gateway to the beautiful North Eastern Region of India, which was created very recently in the year 2007 by curving out some area of eight districts of Assam namely Kokrajhar, Dhubri, Bongaigaon, Barpeta, Nalbari, Kamrup, Darang and Sonitpur within the state of Assam. It is an autonomous Administrative unit constituted under the Sixth Schedule of the Constitution of India covering an area of 8795 Sq. Km (Provisional). Judging from the wide range of extension of their language, the Bodos appear first to have settled over the entire Brahamaputra valley and extended west into West Bengal (in Kochbehar, Rangpur and Dinajpur districts) they may have pushed into North Bihar also. The present Bodo population in the state of Assam is 52, 49,937. (Approx, figure as prepared by ABSU HQ, Kokrajhar). As the present work has a link with the ‘Bodoland Movement’ which ultimately resulted in the creation of Bodoland Territorial Council (BTC), a separate homeland for the Bodos within the state of Assam in the design of District Council (under 6th Schedule of the Constitution of India). During the study of different dimension it is clear that there culture is totally different than the Assames in the state. They are the Bodo people are very aware of their culture. They are the plain tribes and very closely living with the other cultures like the Aryans. But still they don’t lost their individuality. They maintaining it throughout the generations. Their culture is one of the richest culture of India. The word Bodo derived from the word Bod which means Tibet, its shows that they came from Tibet. They follow the religion named Bathoism. Ba means five and tho means deep. They believe that the world is made of the five element. All the villages are habitat of only Bodo tribal people who are belonging to the same caste. All of them are Schedule Tribes. Bodo tribal group is divided in to some clans i.e. Ramchiary, Borgoyary, Mosahary, Narzary, Khakhlory, and Basumatary etc. There is no specific job distribution among them according to the gender. Male and female everyone are well skilled in agriculture, household and animal husbandry works. But male usually taking care of animals and female do the household work. But in case male is not present then female also can handle the animals and male also can do household works in absence of female. There is no such social stigma that only female or male can do this…","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/119663427/Ecosystem_Study_of_the_Dalbari_Daklabari_Dakshinsuppa_and_Goibari_Villages","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2024-05-20T08:35:48.844-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":109208830,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Ecosystem_Study_of_the_Dalbari_Daklabari_Dakshinsuppa_and_Goibari_Villages","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"This fieldwork is about to understand the village as a whole. Reporting is done with the collected information through the methodology of applying all the PRA tools and some semi structured interview and FGDs. This report try to give the readers a well versed knowledge about all the dimensions of Bodo tribal village. Barama Block of Baksa District of Assam state. All the interpretations have done in a descriptive way with help of some charts, numerical data tables and some self-explanatory tables. A village is a geographically distinguishable place which is habitat of some human beings who lives in groups called family are socially, culturally and economically interrelated with each other. According to census data of 2011 68.84% Indians are staying in village which is around 833.1 million people live in 640,867 different villages. Among them according to the census data 2011 they are nearly 104 million people which is 8.6% of the total Indian population is belonging from the tribal community. The term “tribe”, derived from the Latin tribua, originally meant a political unit, and was later used to refer to social groups defined by the territory they occupied. Tribes are generally stayed either in forest of hilly region which is little detached from the main stream society. But there are some few tribes who lives in the plains nearer to the main stream abut still maintain their own culture, tradition and individuality. Bodo tribe is one of among them. Bodo is the one of the indigenous habitat of the north eastern India mainly in the Bramhaputra Valley of Assam. The word Bodo derived from the word Bod which means Tibet. It is identified that they are the origin of from the Indo-Mongoloid stock belonging to the Tibeto-Burman Language family. This Indo-Mongoloid group had close cultural assimilation with the Negritos, the Austro-Asiatic, the Nordic and Mediterranean races of India due to their close contact as established by history of civilization. But in spite of these the Bodos have maintained a distinctive identity The Boros prefer to call themselves as Boro or the Bodo or Borofisa. The term Boro indicates a race or a speech community speaking the Sino-Tibetan Boro language. They are recognized as a plains tribe in the Sixth Schedule of the Indian Constitution. The state of Assam is in reality divided into four more entities, viz Bengali dominated Barak Valley, Dimasa tribe dominated North Cachar Hills now known as Dima Hasao, Karbi tribe dominated Karbi Anglong and finally Bodo Kachari tribe dominated Bodoland. Bodoland is the gateway to the beautiful North Eastern Region of India, which was created very recently in the year 2007 by curving out some area of eight districts of Assam namely Kokrajhar, Dhubri, Bongaigaon, Barpeta, Nalbari, Kamrup, Darang and Sonitpur within the state of Assam. It is an autonomous Administrative unit constituted under the Sixth Schedule of the Constitution of India covering an area of 8795 Sq. Km (Provisional). Judging from the wide range of extension of their language, the Bodos appear first to have settled over the entire Brahamaputra valley and extended west into West Bengal (in Kochbehar, Rangpur and Dinajpur districts) they may have pushed into North Bihar also. The present Bodo population in the state of Assam is 52, 49,937. (Approx, figure as prepared by ABSU HQ, Kokrajhar). As the present work has a link with the ‘Bodoland Movement’ which ultimately resulted in the creation of Bodoland Territorial Council (BTC), a separate homeland for the Bodos within the state of Assam in the design of District Council (under 6th Schedule of the Constitution of India). During the study of different dimension it is clear that there culture is totally different than the Assames in the state. They are the Bodo people are very aware of their culture. They are the plain tribes and very closely living with the other cultures like the Aryans. But still they don’t lost their individuality. They maintaining it throughout the generations. Their culture is one of the richest culture of India. The word Bodo derived from the word Bod which means Tibet, its shows that they came from Tibet. They follow the religion named Bathoism. Ba means five and tho means deep. They believe that the world is made of the five element. All the villages are habitat of only Bodo tribal people who are belonging to the same caste. All of them are Schedule Tribes. Bodo tribal group is divided in to some clans i.e. Ramchiary, Borgoyary, Mosahary, Narzary, Khakhlory, and Basumatary etc. There is no specific job distribution among them according to the gender. Male and female everyone are well skilled in agriculture, household and animal husbandry works. But male usually taking care of animals and female do the household work. But in case male is not present then female also can handle the animals and male also can do household works in absence of female. There is no such social stigma that only female or male can do this…","owner":{"id":109208830,"first_name":"Saswatik","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Tripathy","page_name":"SaswatikTripathy","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2019-04-15T07:43:25.569-07:00","display_name":"Saswatik Tripathy","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SaswatikTripathy"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":65038,"name":"Tribal studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tribal_studies"},{"id":77301,"name":"Assam","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Assam"},{"id":927623,"name":"Bodoland","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bodoland"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="119663426"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/119663426/Development_pdf"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Development.pdf" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/115035482/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/119663426/Development_pdf">Development.pdf</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This bulletin is an output&lt;br&gt;of 7 day long international&lt;br&gt;online roundtable&lt;br&...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This bulletin is an output&lt;br&gt;of 7 day long international&lt;br&gt;online roundtable&lt;br&gt;discussion on Definition of&lt;br&gt;Development. This event&lt;br&gt;was a sporadic approach&lt;br&gt;which was organised by&lt;br&gt;Mr. Saswatik Tripathy a&lt;br&gt;development professional&lt;br&gt;with the objective of&lt;br&gt;understanding of people&#39;s&lt;br&gt;perspective on Development. This event&lt;br&gt;was organised at an online&lt;br&gt;platform ResearchGate&lt;br&gt;where people from&lt;br&gt;several country several&lt;br&gt;discipline participated in&lt;br&gt;the discussion. 15 people&lt;br&gt;actively participate in the&lt;br&gt;discussion by sharing their&lt;br&gt;views on development&lt;br&gt;with a constructive&lt;br&gt;definition. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="10178733" id="books"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="43348577"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/43348577/Homa_Farming_Of_Brinjal_Effect_of_Agnihotra_and_Amritjal_on_Growth_Yield_and_Quality_of_Brinjal_Solanum_melongena_L_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Homa Farming Of Brinjal [Effect of Agnihotra and Amritjal on Growth, Yield and Quality of Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.)]" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/63635741/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/43348577/Homa_Farming_Of_Brinjal_Effect_of_Agnihotra_and_Amritjal_on_Growth_Yield_and_Quality_of_Brinjal_Solanum_melongena_L_">Homa Farming Of Brinjal [Effect of Agnihotra and Amritjal on Growth, Yield and Quality of Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.)]</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Scholar's Press, Brivibas gatve 197, LV-1039, Riga, Latvia, European Union</span><span>, 2020</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Brinjal is a crop grown widely all over India and loved by both rich and poor. The Chhotanagpur r...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Brinjal is a crop grown widely all over India and loved by both rich and poor. The Chhotanagpur region especially of Jharkhand is famous for rampant vegetable production. There is a wide use of chemical and synthetic fertilizers that are so expensive that poor farmers can’t afford it. The high use of chemicals and synthetics also reduces the quality of both the produce and the cultivated soil. In this context, attempts have been made combining solutions for both of the problems by conducting a varietal trial using four non-chemical alternative growing conditions viz. E1C1: Amritjal (1%), E1C2: Absolute Control (Inherent Fertility Status of Experimental Soil); E2C1: Amritjal (1%) + Homa Induction (Agnihotra), and E2C2: Only Homa Induction (Agnihotra) by employing five local varieties viz. V1: Swarna Pratibha; V2: Swarna Neelima; V3: Swarna Shakti; V4: Mukta Jhuri; V5: Long Green. The experimental was designed after RBD with three replications. The studied growth, yield and quality attributing characters revealed that the maximum yield (91.41 ± 6.05 t.ha-1) in Swarna Neelima as recorded by the treatment E2C1: Amritjal (1%) + Homa Induction (Agnihotra) because of its supply of high nutrition through soil and air. Whereas in quality parameters like TSS and Chlorophyll etc. are in different varieties also performed best in E2C1: Amritjal (1%) + Homa Induction (Agnihotra) condition. Coming to the varieties, the variety V2 (Swarna Neelima) has recorded the highest yield (91.41 ± 6.05 t.ha-1). But the variety V3 (Swarna Shakti) performed well in terms of its quality parameters like TSS (5.98 ± 0.110Brix), reducing sugar (3.76 ± 0.04%) content etc. Considering both the variety and alternative growing conditions, V2 (Swarna Neelima) emerged as the best performing variety under the growing condition of E2C1: Amritjal (1%) + Homa Induction (Agnihotra). The expression of different studied quality traits performed independently under the influences of alternative growing conditions.. However, the highest B:C ratio of 6.72 has been recorded in V2 (Swarna Neelima) particularly when cultivated through the alternative growing condition of E2C1: Amritjal (1%) + Homa Induction (Agnihotra). So, it may be concluded that Swarna Neelima variety of brinjal is highly suitable for cultivation in the south Chhotanagpur plateau of Jharkhand by using alternative growing condition of E2C1: Amritjal (1%) + Homa Induction (Agnihotra).</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="cd4708bcc60d3ef7edfaeeabbe86aa08" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":63635741,"asset_id":43348577,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63635741/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="43348577"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="43348577"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43348577; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="42155031"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/42155031/They_Are_Happy_An_Ecosystem_Study_of_Bodo_tribe_of_Assam_India_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of They Are Happy (An Ecosystem Study of Bodo tribe of Assam, India)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/62295264/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/42155031/They_Are_Happy_An_Ecosystem_Study_of_Bodo_tribe_of_Assam_India_">They Are Happy (An Ecosystem Study of Bodo tribe of Assam, India)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing, GmbH & Co. KG, Dudweiler Landstr. 99, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany</span><span>, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This book was written on the 40 days experience of the author staying in a tribal village and dea...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This book was written on the 40 days experience of the author staying in a tribal village and dealing life like them. The style and culture of living in the location impress the author a lot, and inspiration to write this book. Happiness and pleasure he observed in the society were written in this book. I the word of the author there is happiness in the air.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="eb1f0680dc1eb043cf89186a3eb9a2b5" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":62295264,"asset_id":42155031,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/62295264/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="42155031"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="42155031"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 42155031; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="10464711" id="thesischapters"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="43484550"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/43484550/ECOSYSTEM_STUDY_OF_THE_DALBARI_DAKLABARI_DAKSHINSUPPA_AND_GOIBARI_VILLAGES"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of ECOSYSTEM STUDY OF THE DALBARI, DAKLABARI, DAKSHINSUPPA AND GOIBARI VILLAGES" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/63793264/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/43484550/ECOSYSTEM_STUDY_OF_THE_DALBARI_DAKLABARI_DAKSHINSUPPA_AND_GOIBARI_VILLAGES">ECOSYSTEM STUDY OF THE DALBARI, DAKLABARI, DAKSHINSUPPA AND GOIBARI VILLAGES</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This fieldwork is about to understand the village as a whole. Reporting is done with the collecte...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This fieldwork is about to understand the village as a whole. Reporting is done with the collected information through the methodology of applying all the PRA tools and some semi structured interview and FGDs. This report try to give the readers a well versed knowledge about all the dimensions of Bodo tribal village. Barama Block of Baksa District of Assam state. All the interpretations have done in a descriptive way with help of some charts, numerical data tables and some self-explanatory tables.<br />A village is a geographically distinguishable place which is habitat of some human beings who lives in groups called family are socially, culturally and economically interrelated with each other. According to census data of 2011 68.84% Indians are staying in village which is around 833.1 million people live in 640,867 different villages. Among them according to the census data 2011 they are nearly 104 million people which is 8.6% of the total Indian population is belonging from the tribal community.<br /> The term “tribe”, derived from the Latin tribua, originally meant a political unit, and was later used to refer to social groups defined by the territory they occupied. Tribes are generally stayed either in forest of hilly region which is little detached from the main stream society. But there are some few tribes who lives in the plains nearer to the main stream abut still maintain their own culture, tradition and individuality. Bodo tribe is one of among them. <br />Bodo is the one of the indigenous habitat of the north eastern India mainly in the Bramhaputra Valley of Assam. The word Bodo derived from the word Bod which means Tibet. It is identified that they are the origin of from the Indo-Mongoloid stock belonging to the Tibeto-Burman Language family. This Indo-Mongoloid group had close cultural assimilation with the Negritos, the Austro-Asiatic, the Nordic and Mediterranean races of India due to their close contact as established by history of civilization. But in spite of these the Bodos have maintained a distinctive identity The Boros prefer to call themselves as Boro or the Bodo or Borofisa. The term Boro indicates a race or a speech community speaking the Sino-Tibetan Boro language. They are recognized as a plains tribe in the Sixth Schedule of the Indian Constitution. <br />The state of Assam is in reality divided into four more entities, viz Bengali dominated Barak Valley, Dimasa tribe dominated North Cachar Hills now known as Dima Hasao, Karbi tribe dominated Karbi Anglong and finally Bodo Kachari tribe dominated Bodoland. Bodoland is the gateway to the beautiful North Eastern Region of India, which was created very recently in the year 2007 by curving out some area of eight districts of Assam namely Kokrajhar, Dhubri, Bongaigaon, Barpeta, Nalbari, Kamrup, Darang and Sonitpur within the state of Assam. It is an autonomous Administrative unit constituted under the Sixth Schedule of the Constitution of India covering an area of 8795 Sq. Km (Provisional). Judging from the wide range of extension of their language, the Bodos appear first to have settled over the entire Brahamaputra valley and extended west into West Bengal (in Kochbehar, Rangpur and Dinajpur districts) they may have pushed into North Bihar also. The present Bodo population in the state of Assam is 52, 49,937. (Approx, figure as prepared by ABSU HQ, Kokrajhar). As the present work has a link with the ‘Bodoland Movement’ which ultimately resulted in the creation of Bodoland Territorial Council (BTC), a separate homeland for the Bodos within the state of Assam in the design of District Council (under 6th Schedule of the Constitution of India). <br />During the study of different dimension it is clear that there culture is totally different than the Assames in the state. They are the Bodo people are very aware of their culture. They are the plain tribes and very closely living with the other cultures like the Aryans. But still they don’t lost their individuality. They maintaining it throughout the generations. Their culture is one of the richest culture of India. The word Bodo derived from the word Bod which means Tibet, its shows that they came from Tibet. They follow the religion named Bathoism. Ba means five and tho means deep. They believe that the world is made of the five element. <br />All the villages are habitat of only Bodo tribal people who are belonging to the same caste. All of them are Schedule Tribes. Bodo tribal group is divided in to some clans i.e.  Ramchiary, Borgoyary, Mosahary, Narzary, Khakhlory, and Basumatary etc. There is no specific job distribution among them according to the gender. Male and female everyone are well skilled in agriculture, household and animal husbandry works. But male usually taking care of animals and female do the household work. But in case male is not present then female also can handle the animals and male also can do household works in absence of female. There is no such social stigma that only female or male can do this some specific job. Only in case of delivery of child in home males are not allowed. If we see the above table we can easily understand the daily activity of male and female. Male took one hour rest in the afternoon but the females don’t. This is the only difference in the society.<br />While studying about their economic system it was discovered that mainly the economy is substantial economy. The system of exchanging is barter system even they exchange family labour also. Use of cash is very low in the system. Main livelihood of Bodos is farming. They are also good in animal and birds rearing. They are good in waving in handloom. Bodos are the first cultivator of rice and silk in Assam. There are some landless Bodos also they either take the land from others as rent or work as daily wage labour. Some people have fish farming also, but it is very few in number they just do it for home consumption mainly but ow a days some people get government job like teacher and Army.<br />Bodo political system is totally different from any other village politics in India. This area comes under an autonomous body of BTC (Bodo territorial council). So there no panchayeti raj system. There is VCDC (Village council Development Committee) what is also a three tire system what is decentralized its power into Village, block and cabinet level. 4-5 villages according to the population form a VCDC. From every village there will be a representative in the board of members of VCDC. No mass election is done for the chairman post. It is the members of VCDC who select one member among them and make him chairman. Now the BPF (Bodo People’s Front) and BJP (Bhartiya Janta Party) come to alliance to form the government. BPF is the main political party. <br />During the study it come out that there are some challenges on the path of development in the village. Some local level leaders do not let the VCDC work accordingly. In the Batho Temple committee some people increase the interest of loan for their own greed.  Alcoholism is one of the main developmental issue. For that there average life span is also low. <br />Though they are in a remote village and don’t get so many entitlements what the main stream citizens use to get but still they are happy. While questioning them at the time of interview most of the villagers replied there is no problem exist in the village. They are busy in their world. Outside of that world do not affect them a lot. There is happiness in the air.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="7778de5a21b96f50be85f404da25fde5" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":63793264,"asset_id":43484550,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63793264/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="43484550"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="43484550"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43484550; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="43348566"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/43348566/VALUE_CHAIN_ANALYSIS_OF_BACKYARD_POULTRY_IN_BETANATI_BLOCK_MAYURBHANJ_DISTRICT_ODISHA"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS OF BACKYARD POULTRY IN BETANATI BLOCK, MAYURBHANJ DISTRICT, ODISHA" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/64592305/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/43348566/VALUE_CHAIN_ANALYSIS_OF_BACKYARD_POULTRY_IN_BETANATI_BLOCK_MAYURBHANJ_DISTRICT_ODISHA">VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS OF BACKYARD POULTRY IN BETANATI BLOCK, MAYURBHANJ DISTRICT, ODISHA</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Backyard poultry is a low input or no input bird rearing practice and is characterized by indigen...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Backyard poultry is a low input or no input bird rearing practice and is characterized by indigenous night shelter system, scavenging system, with little supplementary feeding, natural hatching of chicks , poor productivity of birds local marketing and no health care practice which is usually takes place in back yard of rural household. From the age of Indus civilization people domesticate the wield fowls for the entertaining fight, later when the demand of meat increases in the society they started to take the birds as food. After that long eras gone but the backyard poultry remain same. Tools and equipment modified according to the time, but the less caring, low input habit of production among the folks remain same. This birds are originated from the North India and still rear in the northern part of India viz. from Kashmir to Assam and in Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, West Bengal and Godavari district of Andhra Pradesh. According to the National commission of agriculture 1976 cultivation of the poultry bird can be done in the different agro climatic zones as the fowls have a good physical adaptability. Requirement of small space, low investment, quick return and well distributed return throughout the year make it more popular in the rural areas. The rearing of poultry gives a gainful employment to the idle and unemployed members of the poor community. In a states like Odisha where most of the areas are rural area backyard poultry is one of the major livelihood which is done by mostly all rural household as a supplementary of the agriculture. The State of Odisha (Orissa) is located on the eastern coast on the bank of Bay of Bengal at 17° 49' North - 22°0 34' North Latitude & 81° 29' East-87° 29' East Longitude. Its coastline is 480 kilometers long and it is 9th biggest rural state in India. The state is divided into 30 districts which are further subdivided into 314 blocks. Mayurbhanj is a land- locked district with a total geographical area of 10,418 Sq.Km. and is situated in the Northern boundary of the state with district Headquarters at Baripada. The district is famous for its forest and backyard poultry. Mayurbhanj district is further divided in to Tehsils / Blocks. Mayurbhanj has total 26 blocks. Total area of Betanati is 258 km². Betanati has a population of 89,666 peoples. There are 21,425 houses in the sub-district. There are about 120 villages in Betanati block, which you can browse from villages list below. The study is totally done by the help of sampling survey, FGD and some PRA tools. 60 samples of farmers 10 samples of middle man and 10 samples of consumers are taken to do the study. The state, district, block and the villages are purposively selected. Sample of the farmers and consumers are selected by simple random sampling and the middle men are selected by the snowball sampling. The simple quantitative tools and techniques are used for the data analysis, and the Microsoft Excel is used for the data processing and analysis.<br />xi<br />Odisha is the state where maximum its population stayed in the beautiful villages of the state. The state is among one of the most vulnerable sufferer of the eastern coast cyclones, as the result of this the agriculture and the livestock which is the backbone of rural economy is badly affected. The animals like cow and goat which have a longer life cycle cannot survive in the cyclones and the population faces a huge loss. So the community focuses on the short term and low cost livestock backyard poultry to avoid a huge loss. Though it is one of the most vulnerable livestock business but they had master the art of rearing the birds with less or no input and care. They find the way and breeds to manage the localised vulnerabilities. Mayurbhanj district is known to its backyard poultry in all the north-eastern coastal areas. To start a backyard poultry every person need to start with the chicks. But chicks cannot be artificially created at home they need to be purchased from neighbor, or take it in share (Vagavai), they can buy it from the market, or can get from KVK, middleman or directly domesticate in the home from forest. According to the findings 28 % people telling that as it has a good resistance power against the diseases they like it most, according to 43 % people it do not need more care to cultivate like the broiler birds, 14 % people stated that it knows how to escape from the predators and 15 % people think it’s a low cost business. From above all the calculations and numbers it is clear that the indigenous breeds are the only breeds which can easily fit into the definitions of the backyard poultry. People in the villages take it as a layman job, it’s the ATM of the poor community, and they think it as an asset with zero investment. In case of sudden need or shortage of money they transform it into cash. The production method which is followed by people all over the world are mainly three types open, cage or night shelter system.<br />Open method of production – In this case the birds are released for the scavenging and not given any shelter to stay, in case of rain they take shelter under any tree or under any shed outside available.<br />Cage method of production – In this case the birds are totally stayed in controlled condition in the cages so that the predators and other birds cannot come in contact of the poultry birds. In this method compulsory supplementary feeding is needed.<br />Night shelter method of production – In this case the birds are released for the scavenging in the day time and come inside the home in night, in the case of rain and winter they stay in home only until hungry.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="46366b5742222fd65c31f213db80797c" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":64592305,"asset_id":43348566,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64592305/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="43348566"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="43348566"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43348566; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="43348540"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/43348540/Effect_of_Agnihotra_and_Amritjal_on_Growth_Yield_and_Quality_of_Brinjal_Solanum_melongena_L_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Effect of Agnihotra and Amritjal on Growth, Yield and Quality of Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/63635688/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/43348540/Effect_of_Agnihotra_and_Amritjal_on_Growth_Yield_and_Quality_of_Brinjal_Solanum_melongena_L_">Effect of Agnihotra and Amritjal on Growth, Yield and Quality of Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Brinjal is a crop grown widely all over India and loved by both rich and poor. The Chhotanagpur r...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Brinjal is a crop grown widely all over India and loved by both rich and poor. The Chhotanagpur region especially of Jharkhand is famous for rampant vegetable production. There is a wide use of chemical and synthetic fertilizers that are so expensive that poor farmers can’t afford it. The high use of chemicals and synthetics also reduces the quality of both the produce and the cultivated soil. In this context, attempts have been made combining solutions for both of the problems by conducting a varietal trial using four non-chemical alternative growing conditions viz. E1C1: Amritjal (1%), E1C2: Absolute Control (Inherent Fertility Status of Experimental Soil); E2C1: Amritjal (1%) + Homa Induction (Agnihotra), and E2C2: Only Homa Induction (Agnihotra) by employing five local varieties viz. V1: Swarna Pratibha; V2: Swarna Neelima; V3: Swarna Shakti; V4: Mukta Jhuri; V5: Long Green. The experimental was designed after RBD with three replications. The studied growth, yield and quality attributing characters revealed that the maximum yield (91.41 ± 6.05 t.ha-1) in Swarna Neelima as recorded by the treatment E2C1: Amritjal (1%) + Homa Induction (Agnihotra) because of its supply of high nutrition through soil and air. Whereas in quality parameters like TSS and Chlorophyll etc. are in different varieties also performed best in E2C1: Amritjal (1%) + Homa Induction (Agnihotra) condition. Coming to the varieties, the variety V2 (Swarna Neelima) has recorded the highest yield (91.41 ± 6.05 t.ha-1). But the variety V3 (Swarna Shakti) performed well in terms of its quality parameters like TSS (5.98 ± 0.110Brix), reducing sugar (3.76 ± 0.04%) content etc. Considering both the variety and alternative growing conditions, V2 (Swarna Neelima) emerged as the best performing variety under the growing condition of E2C1: Amritjal (1%) + Homa Induction (Agnihotra). The expression of different studied quality traits performed independently under the influences of alternative growing conditions.. However, the highest B:C ratio of 6.72 has been recorded in V2 (Swarna Neelima) particularly when cultivated through the alternative growing condition of E2C1: Amritjal (1%) + Homa Induction (Agnihotra). So, it may be concluded that Swarna Neelima variety of brinjal is highly suitable for cultivation in the south Chhotanagpur plateau of Jharkhand by using alternative growing condition of E2C1: Amritjal (1%) + Homa Induction (Agnihotra).</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="9441d8a9821a80e445561b8726cfc45c" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":63635688,"asset_id":43348540,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63635688/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="43348540"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="43348540"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43348540; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="43348511"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/43348511/A_DETAILED_STUDY_ON_THE_FARMING_SYSTEMS_AND_ITS_EFFECT_ON_MIGRATION_AT_BAJNA_BLOCK_OF_RATLAM_DISTRICT_IN_MADHYA_PRADESH"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of A DETAILED STUDY ON THE FARMING SYSTEMS AND ITS EFFECT ON MIGRATION AT BAJNA BLOCK OF RATLAM DISTRICT IN MADHYA PRADESH" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/63635654/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/43348511/A_DETAILED_STUDY_ON_THE_FARMING_SYSTEMS_AND_ITS_EFFECT_ON_MIGRATION_AT_BAJNA_BLOCK_OF_RATLAM_DISTRICT_IN_MADHYA_PRADESH">A DETAILED STUDY ON THE FARMING SYSTEMS AND ITS EFFECT ON MIGRATION AT BAJNA BLOCK OF RATLAM DISTRICT IN MADHYA PRADESH</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Development Practice two is a project work, which helps to build up the capacity of student and a...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Development Practice two is a project work, which helps to build up the capacity of student and also gives a rich knowledge of working in an organization. In this project the migration is targeted as a core problem where the finding the factors influencing this migration will be find out in a farming system mindscape. <br />The present project work entitled “A Detailed Study on the Farming Systems and its Effect on Migration at Bajna Block of Ratlam District in Madhya Pradesh” was carried at the Bajna block, Ratlam district, Madhya Pradesh, India, during February to April of 2020. For the purpose of the present investigation, a rigorous previous investigation has been reviewed before conducting the study. Though many similar works have been carried out in this particular subject of research thereby some Indian and foreign studies are also taken into account.<br />Farming system is an integrated set of activities that farmers perform on their farm under the available resources and in favorable circumstances to generate the productivity and profitability. It is a complex interrelated matrix of soil, animal, labour, capital and other inputs those are controlled by farm families and influenced by the social, political, economic and environmental forces. India a country of 130 crore people among them 68.84 per cent which is around 833.1 million people live in 640,867 different villages. The size of these villages varies considerably. 236,004 Indian villages have a population of fewer than 500, while 3,976 villages have a population of 10,000. Villagers are mainly depend on the primary sector for the livelihood most of them are farmers but the fishing, mining and daily labour also contribute a lot in the rural livelihood. India is the land of diversity so one village is totally different form the other. Maybe the neighboring villages have some similarities and interrelated relationships but all villages have their own unique characters. Agriculture, with its allied sectors, is the largest source of livelihoods in India. 70 percent of its rural households still depend primarily on agriculture for their livelihood, with 82 percent of farmers being small and marginal. In 2017-18, total food grain production was estimated at 275 million tonnes (MT). India is the largest producer (25% of global production), consumer (27% of world consumption) and importer (14%) of pulses in the world. India’s annual milk production was 165 MT (2017-18), making India the largest producer of milk, jute and pulses, and with world’s second-largest cattle population 190 million in 2012. It is the second-largest producer of rice, wheat, sugarcane, cotton and groundnuts, as well as the second-largest fruit and vegetable producer, accounting for 10.9% and 8.6% of the world fruit and vegetable production, respectively. <br />The information collection for this project is mainly done with the participatory tools and the interview questioner. This was prepared and finalized with the help of the study guide and Project work guide before going to the field. Draft Interview schedules was administered with at least 5 respondents and the Interview schedule was modified based on the responses in the field. These will not be included for the study. <br />Through the personal interview, discussions and focused group discussions it can be found that in the location there is twenty four different type of farming systems. When they are incorporated with the two types of migration the number of livelihood system has been found is fifty one in the location. This above table contains the brief of net income and the benefit cost ration of all fifty one livelihood systems. Now we will compare the farming system with the presence of migration in their livelihood here below – <br />The case 1, case 2 and case 3 is purely agro based farming system, where the case 1 is advised to be avoid at any cost in the location as it is a loss making farming system with a benefit cost ration of only 0.68 where the net loss is Rs.17297, on the other hand the other two viz. case 2 and 3 are somehow satisfactory with the benefit cost ratio of 1.12 and 1.04 respectively where they are earning an net income of Rs.6216 and Rs.2720. Now the question comes as there is a very less revenue from this farming systems should people migrate or not. Now if we take the case 25, case 26 and case 27 is the same farming system which is incorporated with the family migration. Here also the case 25 should be avoided by the people in the location as it gives a net loss of Rs.5963 where the other two cases viz. case number case 26 and 27 is giving a benefit cost ratio of 1.16 and 1.10 respectively. Now it is clear that with the existing farming system of their family if they do migration they are getting an improvement in the income. But is it necessary? Once they do the family migration they are losing the opportunity to adopt the other farming system cases i.e. Case 4, Case 5, Case 6 ……… Case 22, Case 23 and Case 24. On the other hand with a minimum investment of Rs.7075 they can transform their farming system from Case 1, Case 2 and Case 3 to Case 4, Case 5 and Case 6. Where they can achieve a better benefit cost ratio of 0.85, 1.24 and 1.13 than the benefit cost ratio Case 25, Case 26 and Case 27 which id 0.95, 1.16 and 1.10 respectively. And they can extend their farming systems by choosing more additional enterprises over time and can adapt any of the farming system between i.e. Case 4, Case 5, Case 6 ……… Case 22, Case 23 and Case 24. Like this they can avoid the drudgery of migration and can lead a peaceful life in the location as there is no extra benefit in migration for them. <br />Now coming to the only male migration. Basically they are the part of either joint or an extended family who migrate. As the male members only migrate during the non-agricultural seasons so this type of migration do not hamper the agriculture in the family, and as the women kids and the old age persons stay back in home they can take care of the other family enterprises. So they can adapt any of the farming system between Case 1, Case 2 …….. Case 23, Case 24 and at the same time the male members can go and earn as a migrant labour in the nearby places. This migration will add Rs.14333 (one male) in each farming system they follow. If the males stop they bad habit of alcohol then this amount can increase. Basically this males are in disguised unemployment during the no-agricultural season as a part of a big family they pay the opportunity cost of Rs.14333 if they stay back home. So it is better to migrate and do some more income for the family for a better stander of living.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="1b2931d1aaed6bd5b538211b00390cfd" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":63635654,"asset_id":43348511,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63635654/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="43348511"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="43348511"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43348511; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="43348483"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/43348483/INCEPTION_DOCUMENT_AND_COMMUNITY_ORGANISATION_IN_TANGAR_TALA_MURTO_AND_BEYASI_PANCHAYAT_OF_CHANHO_BLOCK_JHARKHAND_RANCHI_Development_Practice_Segment_1_DPS_1"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of INCEPTION DOCUMENT AND COMMUNITY ORGANISATION IN TANGAR, TALA, MURTO AND BEYASI PANCHAYAT OF CHANHO BLOCK, JHARKHAND, RANCHI Development Practice Segment -1 (DPS-1" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/63635622/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/43348483/INCEPTION_DOCUMENT_AND_COMMUNITY_ORGANISATION_IN_TANGAR_TALA_MURTO_AND_BEYASI_PANCHAYAT_OF_CHANHO_BLOCK_JHARKHAND_RANCHI_Development_Practice_Segment_1_DPS_1">INCEPTION DOCUMENT AND COMMUNITY ORGANISATION IN TANGAR, TALA, MURTO AND BEYASI PANCHAYAT OF CHANHO BLOCK, JHARKHAND, RANCHI Development Practice Segment -1 (DPS-1</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The present development practice titled Inception document and community Organization in Chanho b...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The present development practice titled Inception document and community Organization in Chanho block, of Ranchi district in Jharkhand, was carried out in the Chanho block of Ranchi district in Jharkhand during the October – November of 2019. This devolvement practice was divided into two parts. The first one is making of inception report for the panchayat and second one is to organise the community in-groups and promote Kalanjiam groups. For that 4 panchayats are selected and inception report was made through the community participation. The information regarding the report was collected through different participatory tool, observation and proxy indicators. Later the work of group promotion was started in the 4 panchayats and total 9 Kalanjiam groups are promoted which includes 98 poor women who were representing their family on the way to coming out of the poverty. <br />Ranchi is the state capital of Jharkhand, it separated from Bihar in the year 2000. Most of the population of Ranchi city is not from Jharkhand. As a state capital is has all the amenities and facilities which it should have. Railway station, airport, big shopping complex and even amusement parks are there in the city for better life of the city people. But the cruel truth is 30km away from the city there are villages which consist of a huge tribal population not even have a good access of roads or medical facility. Not even a single regulated market is there for the farmers. For schooling and higher education people have to come either the block headquarters or Ranchi. The basic financial support or direct link with the formal banking system is a day dream for the people of such villages. In the 19 years of life span Jharkhand have changed 8 times its government for a better life, but what they get is only disappointment each time. The level of corruption is in such a level that it entered into the developmental and welfare projects also. Government has started many developmental projects in the location for the betterment of the people, but the seeding of concept to the implementers was so poor that they think only about the targets or reach not about people or about the moto of schemes. This type of activity not only ruins the whole project purpose, goal or vision but also destroys the habit of the community. People become dependent and addicted to incentives for their own benefits. People become blind in the fog of incentives given by the government implementers that they cannot foresee their future and sustainability. They are seeded in mind only the government will help them all the other NGOs are fraud and not for help but exploitation. A misconception and greedy concept seeding has been done to fulfil the targets and desire of the government employees so that they get an easy and free fame what they do not deserve. A totally wrong concept seeding never helps people to move out of poverty but it is a cause of moving towards poverty. Now the condition of people is they are only comparing the incentives which will be given by the organizations not holistic development. For own benefit, creating such misconception and creating a monopoly of SRLM is not only wrong but a sin. It is good to see that people are fighting with each other to help the poor, everyone wants to help, but in this conflict the sufferer never changes, poor was suffered in past, they are suffering now, but they should not suffer in future. To ensure that DHAN foundation started to intervene in such remote locations where the light of development never comes or where the light is polluted by the corruption and other malpractices. It was a difficult work, because it’s an open challenge against the persons who are already declared them as demigods to the community and assuming the poor families as their kingdom. In such a situation braking the misconception is equal to breaking the faith of the innocent community. But it was an easy task rather than again creating a faith on us. A place which was never cultivated before is easy to grow crops, but a place which is polluted by poison is very difficult again rejuvenate. <br />So the first work was done during the DPS was selection of the panchayats for work. It was selected on the criteria viz. poverty, people interest, accessibility etc. The a regressive study was done to understand the location in a holistic manner in the aspects of social, cultural, economic, political and the ecological aspects. The study finds that in the 4 panchayats i.e. Tangar, Murto, Tala and Beyasi which have the family strength of 1115, 471, 269 and 1121 respectively. <br />After completion of all the studies the promotion of the Kalanjiam groups was started. During the initial period it was very difficult and people do not even wanted to listen as they were told by the officials of SRLM. Later regular visit and different communication tools like audio visual aids, IEC material, role play and motivational activity or games make a familiar and close relation with the community. Later during the times rain started, which helps to retain people in home and effective concept seeding were started regressively. Packed schedule and well time management helps a lot to do a better work. Then during the promotion stage the hands was tied with rules, the members of other SHGs should not be taken but the problem was the block was totally saturated with SHG families. So again house to house survey was done to find out the left out poor families. Then there was two choice quality groups or the number of groups. There was no solution so the problem was raised in the meeting, the community replied to have a more penetration in different places and they ensure the quality in future days. As per the community the misconceptions must be broken for that more penetration is required. <br />So a regressive effort started to promote more groups in different remote places so the seed of development can spread its branches very fast. First the work started in 4 panchayats but groups has been promoted in only three panchayats. A total of 9 groups are promoted and some few was in process. The locations and the key person names are told to the associated and they ensured a follow-up in future. <br />It was a challenging work, but the learnings are priceless. Schemes and projects come every year but the ground reality is that. The projects was started with a moto and end up with only targets and numbers. Crores of money invested, governments changed, but the people remain same. It effects their self-esteem and confidence. They become addicted to help and become dependent for generations. This type of initiatives are better not to take. It ruins the lives and only the middleman become rich. To stop this situations organizations like DHAN has taken initiative for not only economic but the moral development of the community so that a movement can be started against this malpractices and the legacy of an interdependent life can be carryout through generations. It will not only strengthen the base of institution but also the pillars of development so that poverty become a myth in the location very soon.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="473f51dd7dc9126721278e6e73c74dec" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":63635622,"asset_id":43348483,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63635622/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="43348483"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="43348483"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43348483; 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This event was a sporadic approach which was organised by Mr. Saswatik Tripathy a development professional with the objective of understanding of people’s perspective on Development. This event was organised at an online platform ResearchGate where people from several country several discipline participated in the discussion. 15 people actively participate in the discussion by sharing their views on development with a constructive definition. Other than that 95 people participate as an observer to enrich their understanding about the concept of development.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="95f765b30daa5854dfe41a43983c35ee" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":64418207,"asset_id":44074100,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64418207/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="44074100"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="44074100"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44074100; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="43391227"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/43391227/Landless_Person_Came_Out_of_Poverty"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Landless Person Came Out of Poverty" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/63687276/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/43391227/Landless_Person_Came_Out_of_Poverty">Landless Person Came Out of Poverty</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">12 livelihoods Ajit Das, his wife and their 7 years old son live in a small but Pakka house in Da...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">12 livelihoods Ajit Das, his wife and their 7 years old son live in a small but Pakka house in Dalbari, where Pakka houses are few and far between. His son goes to a private English medium school in Barama. Ajit has his own car too. But what would surprise you is to know that Ajit Das is one of those landless people in the village who used to go for daily wage labour once upon a time. The turning point of his life came 4 years back, on a winter day. Ajit went to Nalbari as a labour of a mushroom farm. He was appointed for cutting the paddy straw into small pieces at the farm. As this didn't need any skill, every fresher on the farm had to do this in the beginning. But this gave him an opportunity to observe the process involved in mushroom farming and he utilized it. For 3 days, he worked there and observed the whole process very carefully, and came back home and was very excited to establish his own startup. Ajit didn't have land, but only had a little place for the home, which was given by the Government. That night, he went to the nearby field and took some paddy straw which was left behind by its owner. He treated it with a lime solution and inoculated the spawn which he had brought from the farm, made 2 bags and hung it from the roof of his Kacha house. From then, it became a routine for him to checks the bags in the morning after he woke up to see if they were sprouting or not. On the 7 th day, he observed the growth and made some holes for the new Fungi to come out. That day, Ajit got the belief that he also can do it. Then, he cleaned a certain portion of the front yard, took some bamboo and made a small structure. He then bought some paddy from the neighbour and started to grow it. Ajit got 300 bags in a cycle of 2 months. In each harvest, he got 10 kgs of mushroom regularly. He was really elated as it was a very good production, Alas, then a new problem started-How will he market it? The first day, he went to Barama, the biggest market nearby, and got a good price of Rs. 160 per kg but couldn't sell all the mushroom. He brought 5 kg of mushroom back. Just after two days, there is another market, but when he stored the mushroom, the weight of mushroom decreased and people were not ready to buy the dry mushroom. So from the next time, Ajit decided to give it to a wholesaler. The rate of wholesale was Rs. 80 per kg. It made a huge difference. Regularly, he went to the market and tried to find a new buyer. One day, he came to know that in Bhutan there is a huge demand for the mushroom among the Buddhist people. So on the next harvest, Ajit took his motorcycle and started the journey to Bhutan. Though it was only 35 km away, he was stopped on the border by the guards. They asked him what he was going dealing with. As he was a new player in the market, he didn't even know anybody. So, he put all mushroom at the border and entered into the international market. He went to a market in Bhutan and talked with some wholesalers and fixed deal of Rs. 140 per kg at a wholesale rate. They came with him and took the mushroom from the border. Ajit was over the moon. He made huge earnings that year! However in the second year, tragedy struck-he made four thousand bags of mushroom. He bought the spawn from Bengal, and prepared the bags very slowly. After he finished the preparation of all 4000 bags, he noticed something wrong-it's already one week gone for the first batch of the bag but still there was no sprouting. After one more week, the first batch of bags became green. He found that it was an attack of Trichoderma and that it cannot be stopped. He applied the neem oil but could not save his bags. It was a huge loss as he lost all that he earned last year in the attack. The reasons include the straws not being well-sterilized or the spawn being contaminated. But Ajit didn't give up. He took some loan from local lenders and continued mushroom farming. Now, the tables have turned again; Ajit has a shade in front of his house, which has six thousand bags. He has 6 employees now who do daily work for him. In the answer to questions whether he will increase production further, he answers if he got any good market to sell, he will definitely increase the production. He is landless but he uses the vertical space that's available to come out of poverty. ❖</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="5f7c8942d76bd8bd3f4696cf78c0b347" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":63687276,"asset_id":43391227,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63687276/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="43391227"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="43391227"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43391227; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=43391227]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=43391227]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43391227; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='43391227']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "5f7c8942d76bd8bd3f4696cf78c0b347" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=43391227]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":43391227,"title":"Landless Person Came Out of Poverty","translated_title":"","metadata":{"doi":"10.13140/RG.2.2.12252.33927","abstract":"12 livelihoods Ajit Das, his wife and their 7 years old son live in a small but Pakka house in Dalbari, where Pakka houses are few and far between. His son goes to a private English medium school in Barama. Ajit has his own car too. But what would surprise you is to know that Ajit Das is one of those landless people in the village who used to go for daily wage labour once upon a time. The turning point of his life came 4 years back, on a winter day. Ajit went to Nalbari as a labour of a mushroom farm. He was appointed for cutting the paddy straw into small pieces at the farm. As this didn't need any skill, every fresher on the farm had to do this in the beginning. But this gave him an opportunity to observe the process involved in mushroom farming and he utilized it. For 3 days, he worked there and observed the whole process very carefully, and came back home and was very excited to establish his own startup. Ajit didn't have land, but only had a little place for the home, which was given by the Government. That night, he went to the nearby field and took some paddy straw which was left behind by its owner. He treated it with a lime solution and inoculated the spawn which he had brought from the farm, made 2 bags and hung it from the roof of his Kacha house. From then, it became a routine for him to checks the bags in the morning after he woke up to see if they were sprouting or not. On the 7 th day, he observed the growth and made some holes for the new Fungi to come out. That day, Ajit got the belief that he also can do it. Then, he cleaned a certain portion of the front yard, took some bamboo and made a small structure. He then bought some paddy from the neighbour and started to grow it. Ajit got 300 bags in a cycle of 2 months. In each harvest, he got 10 kgs of mushroom regularly. He was really elated as it was a very good production, Alas, then a new problem started-How will he market it? The first day, he went to Barama, the biggest market nearby, and got a good price of Rs. 160 per kg but couldn't sell all the mushroom. He brought 5 kg of mushroom back. Just after two days, there is another market, but when he stored the mushroom, the weight of mushroom decreased and people were not ready to buy the dry mushroom. So from the next time, Ajit decided to give it to a wholesaler. The rate of wholesale was Rs. 80 per kg. It made a huge difference. Regularly, he went to the market and tried to find a new buyer. One day, he came to know that in Bhutan there is a huge demand for the mushroom among the Buddhist people. So on the next harvest, Ajit took his motorcycle and started the journey to Bhutan. Though it was only 35 km away, he was stopped on the border by the guards. They asked him what he was going dealing with. As he was a new player in the market, he didn't even know anybody. So, he put all mushroom at the border and entered into the international market. He went to a market in Bhutan and talked with some wholesalers and fixed deal of Rs. 140 per kg at a wholesale rate. They came with him and took the mushroom from the border. Ajit was over the moon. He made huge earnings that year! However in the second year, tragedy struck-he made four thousand bags of mushroom. He bought the spawn from Bengal, and prepared the bags very slowly. After he finished the preparation of all 4000 bags, he noticed something wrong-it's already one week gone for the first batch of the bag but still there was no sprouting. After one more week, the first batch of bags became green. He found that it was an attack of Trichoderma and that it cannot be stopped. He applied the neem oil but could not save his bags. It was a huge loss as he lost all that he earned last year in the attack. The reasons include the straws not being well-sterilized or the spawn being contaminated. But Ajit didn't give up. He took some loan from local lenders and continued mushroom farming. Now, the tables have turned again; Ajit has a shade in front of his house, which has six thousand bags. He has 6 employees now who do daily work for him. In the answer to questions whether he will increase production further, he answers if he got any good market to sell, he will definitely increase the production. He is landless but he uses the vertical space that's available to come out of poverty. ❖","ai_title_tag":"Mushroom Farming: A Path Out of Poverty","journal_name":"Livelihoods ","page_numbers":"12","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2019,"errors":{}}},"translated_abstract":"12 livelihoods Ajit Das, his wife and their 7 years old son live in a small but Pakka house in Dalbari, where Pakka houses are few and far between. His son goes to a private English medium school in Barama. Ajit has his own car too. But what would surprise you is to know that Ajit Das is one of those landless people in the village who used to go for daily wage labour once upon a time. The turning point of his life came 4 years back, on a winter day. Ajit went to Nalbari as a labour of a mushroom farm. He was appointed for cutting the paddy straw into small pieces at the farm. As this didn't need any skill, every fresher on the farm had to do this in the beginning. But this gave him an opportunity to observe the process involved in mushroom farming and he utilized it. For 3 days, he worked there and observed the whole process very carefully, and came back home and was very excited to establish his own startup. Ajit didn't have land, but only had a little place for the home, which was given by the Government. That night, he went to the nearby field and took some paddy straw which was left behind by its owner. He treated it with a lime solution and inoculated the spawn which he had brought from the farm, made 2 bags and hung it from the roof of his Kacha house. From then, it became a routine for him to checks the bags in the morning after he woke up to see if they were sprouting or not. On the 7 th day, he observed the growth and made some holes for the new Fungi to come out. That day, Ajit got the belief that he also can do it. Then, he cleaned a certain portion of the front yard, took some bamboo and made a small structure. He then bought some paddy from the neighbour and started to grow it. Ajit got 300 bags in a cycle of 2 months. In each harvest, he got 10 kgs of mushroom regularly. He was really elated as it was a very good production, Alas, then a new problem started-How will he market it? The first day, he went to Barama, the biggest market nearby, and got a good price of Rs. 160 per kg but couldn't sell all the mushroom. He brought 5 kg of mushroom back. Just after two days, there is another market, but when he stored the mushroom, the weight of mushroom decreased and people were not ready to buy the dry mushroom. So from the next time, Ajit decided to give it to a wholesaler. The rate of wholesale was Rs. 80 per kg. It made a huge difference. Regularly, he went to the market and tried to find a new buyer. One day, he came to know that in Bhutan there is a huge demand for the mushroom among the Buddhist people. So on the next harvest, Ajit took his motorcycle and started the journey to Bhutan. Though it was only 35 km away, he was stopped on the border by the guards. They asked him what he was going dealing with. As he was a new player in the market, he didn't even know anybody. So, he put all mushroom at the border and entered into the international market. He went to a market in Bhutan and talked with some wholesalers and fixed deal of Rs. 140 per kg at a wholesale rate. They came with him and took the mushroom from the border. Ajit was over the moon. He made huge earnings that year! However in the second year, tragedy struck-he made four thousand bags of mushroom. He bought the spawn from Bengal, and prepared the bags very slowly. After he finished the preparation of all 4000 bags, he noticed something wrong-it's already one week gone for the first batch of the bag but still there was no sprouting. After one more week, the first batch of bags became green. He found that it was an attack of Trichoderma and that it cannot be stopped. He applied the neem oil but could not save his bags. It was a huge loss as he lost all that he earned last year in the attack. The reasons include the straws not being well-sterilized or the spawn being contaminated. But Ajit didn't give up. He took some loan from local lenders and continued mushroom farming. Now, the tables have turned again; Ajit has a shade in front of his house, which has six thousand bags. He has 6 employees now who do daily work for him. In the answer to questions whether he will increase production further, he answers if he got any good market to sell, he will definitely increase the production. 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His son goes to a private English medium school in Barama. Ajit has his own car too. But what would surprise you is to know that Ajit Das is one of those landless people in the village who used to go for daily wage labour once upon a time. The turning point of his life came 4 years back, on a winter day. Ajit went to Nalbari as a labour of a mushroom farm. He was appointed for cutting the paddy straw into small pieces at the farm. As this didn't need any skill, every fresher on the farm had to do this in the beginning. But this gave him an opportunity to observe the process involved in mushroom farming and he utilized it. For 3 days, he worked there and observed the whole process very carefully, and came back home and was very excited to establish his own startup. Ajit didn't have land, but only had a little place for the home, which was given by the Government. That night, he went to the nearby field and took some paddy straw which was left behind by its owner. He treated it with a lime solution and inoculated the spawn which he had brought from the farm, made 2 bags and hung it from the roof of his Kacha house. From then, it became a routine for him to checks the bags in the morning after he woke up to see if they were sprouting or not. On the 7 th day, he observed the growth and made some holes for the new Fungi to come out. That day, Ajit got the belief that he also can do it. Then, he cleaned a certain portion of the front yard, took some bamboo and made a small structure. He then bought some paddy from the neighbour and started to grow it. Ajit got 300 bags in a cycle of 2 months. In each harvest, he got 10 kgs of mushroom regularly. He was really elated as it was a very good production, Alas, then a new problem started-How will he market it? The first day, he went to Barama, the biggest market nearby, and got a good price of Rs. 160 per kg but couldn't sell all the mushroom. He brought 5 kg of mushroom back. Just after two days, there is another market, but when he stored the mushroom, the weight of mushroom decreased and people were not ready to buy the dry mushroom. So from the next time, Ajit decided to give it to a wholesaler. The rate of wholesale was Rs. 80 per kg. It made a huge difference. Regularly, he went to the market and tried to find a new buyer. One day, he came to know that in Bhutan there is a huge demand for the mushroom among the Buddhist people. So on the next harvest, Ajit took his motorcycle and started the journey to Bhutan. Though it was only 35 km away, he was stopped on the border by the guards. They asked him what he was going dealing with. As he was a new player in the market, he didn't even know anybody. So, he put all mushroom at the border and entered into the international market. He went to a market in Bhutan and talked with some wholesalers and fixed deal of Rs. 140 per kg at a wholesale rate. They came with him and took the mushroom from the border. Ajit was over the moon. He made huge earnings that year! However in the second year, tragedy struck-he made four thousand bags of mushroom. He bought the spawn from Bengal, and prepared the bags very slowly. After he finished the preparation of all 4000 bags, he noticed something wrong-it's already one week gone for the first batch of the bag but still there was no sprouting. After one more week, the first batch of bags became green. He found that it was an attack of Trichoderma and that it cannot be stopped. He applied the neem oil but could not save his bags. It was a huge loss as he lost all that he earned last year in the attack. The reasons include the straws not being well-sterilized or the spawn being contaminated. But Ajit didn't give up. He took some loan from local lenders and continued mushroom farming. Now, the tables have turned again; Ajit has a shade in front of his house, which has six thousand bags. He has 6 employees now who do daily work for him. In the answer to questions whether he will increase production further, he answers if he got any good market to sell, he will definitely increase the production. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="10549360" id="conferencepresentations"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="43707629"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/43707629/Effect_of_COVID_19_Pandemic_on_Livelihood_system_of_Bhil_Tribe_of_Bajna_block_at_Ratlam_District_of_Madhya_Pradesh_India"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Effect of COVID-19 Pandemic on Livelihood system of Bhil Tribe of Bajna block at Ratlam District of Madhya Pradesh, India" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/64013372/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/43707629/Effect_of_COVID_19_Pandemic_on_Livelihood_system_of_Bhil_Tribe_of_Bajna_block_at_Ratlam_District_of_Madhya_Pradesh_India">Effect of COVID-19 Pandemic on Livelihood system of Bhil Tribe of Bajna block at Ratlam District of Madhya Pradesh, India</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>International Online Conference “COVID-19: Emergence and Resurgence of Communicable Diseases from Social Sciences Perspectives”</span><span>, 2020</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Bhils were the largest tribal group in India. This study was done to understand the effect of COV...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Bhils were the largest tribal group in India. This study was done to understand the effect of COVID-19 on the livelihoods systems of the Bhils. Livelihood system is an integrated set of activities that a person perform in their daily life under the available resources and in favourable circumstances to generate the productivity and profitability. It is a complex interrelated matrix of different enterprises that are controlled by families and influenced by the social, political, economic and environmental forces. This a very important aspect of any rural and tribal livelihood. This study was done at Bajna block of Ratlam District in Madhya Pradesh during the time period of 27th February 2020 - 30th April 2020. For the collection of information mainly participatory information collection activity and telephonic interview was conducted. According to the collected information there were 116 different livelihood system in the pre COVID-19 era. Among them 51 were widely adopted by different families in the location. The basic components of this 51 livelihood systems were agriculture, animal husbandry and migratory labours. This paper described the system in a short and sharp manner by discussing an overview and economics of the different enterprises of the major components. For a better understanding of the profitability benefit cost ratio of each enterprises and livelihood systems are also provided. But after this COVID-19 pandemic due to the lockdown and the fear of infection the livelihood systems become very limited. After the Pandemic there are only 24 livelihood systems which can be adopted by the people with the present skill they have. In this paper a short discussion on the livelihood restoration is also included. The efficiency of MGNREGA is also discussed. The past data of MGNREGA shows that, it was unable to give an employment to the people who want for 100 days. 14 out of 19 big states on India has an average of only 50 days of Job security through MGNREGA. The wage rate also very low. There is a huge gap in the job demand and the supply. Then how people will survive without doing any migration work where in the location around 85 per cent of the families used to do that in pre COVID-19 era. For that a skill enhancement training for the rural and urban youth is suggested in the paper as per the local demand in the market.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="ef62037b92067683493b1f1b1b588aa9" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":64013372,"asset_id":43707629,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64013372/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="43707629"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="43707629"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43707629; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="43695489"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/43695489/COVID_19_Pandemic_Livelihood_and_its_Restoration"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of COVID-19 Pandemic, Livelihood and its Restoration" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/63999594/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/43695489/COVID_19_Pandemic_Livelihood_and_its_Restoration">COVID-19 Pandemic, Livelihood and its Restoration</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>THE DHAN ACADEMY</span><span>, 2020</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">COVID-19 Pandemic is not the first-ever pandemic which hit this glob, but it is the deadliest and...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">COVID-19 Pandemic is not the first-ever pandemic which hit this glob, but it is the deadliest and possesses enough capability to shake the so-called developed global system. In the present scenario other than the virus livelihood becomes a prime issue to be discussed. Especially for the poor community who are dependent on farming and labour work. This paper has critically discussed about Livelihoods and its possible restoration during the COVID-19 Pandemic time.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="58aa3b45c7ac9dec6f18423bf7497903" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":63999594,"asset_id":43695489,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63999594/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="43695489"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="43695489"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43695489; 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