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(PDF) The Long Road to State-Building in Latin America and its Impact on Regionalization Processes
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src="https://0.academia-photos.com/10779402/16172489/35919316/s65_eduardo.pastrana_buelvas.jpg" />Eduardo Pastrana Buelvas</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2016, Papel Político</p><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">24 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 55676597; const worksViewsPath = "/v0/works/views?subdomain_param=api&work_ids%5B%5D=55676597"; const 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Firstly, it contrasts classical and contemporary ideas of sovereignty in order to establish, in a differentiated form and from a historic perspective, the manner in which said principle has taken form in the state-building and regionalization processes in both Latin America and Europe. Secondly, the thinking surrounding integration and sovereignty in the European continent is briefly summarized. Thirdly, the state-building process of Latin American nation-states and the impact it has had on their reluctance to transfer sovereignty to regional governance structures is interpreted. Fourthly, it outlines the role of ideas such as Pan-Americanism, Latin-Americanism, South-Americanism, and Bolivarianism in the development of the regionalization processes in Latin America. Fifthly, the characteristics of the three waves of integration and the reluctance of Latin American states to transfer sovereignty to regional governance architectures are defined. Sixth, it establishes the differences in historic circumstances which have influenced different perspectives on the transfer of sovereignty in the construction of the Latin American and European regions. Finally, from the understanding of the problem of unfinished state-building in Latin America, this article evaluates the development of current regionalization process.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The long road to state-building in Latin America and its impact on regionalization processes El largo camino de construcción del Estado en América Latina y su impacto en los procesos de regionalización","attachmentId":42176260,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/21607958/The_long_road_to_state_building_in_Latin_America_and_its_impact_on_regionalization_processes_El_largo_camino_de_construcci%C3%B3n_del_Estado_en_Am%C3%A9rica_Latina_y_su_impacto_en_los_procesos_de_regionalizaci%C3%B3n","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/21607958/The_long_road_to_state_building_in_Latin_America_and_its_impact_on_regionalization_processes_El_largo_camino_de_construcci%C3%B3n_del_Estado_en_Am%C3%A9rica_Latina_y_su_impacto_en_los_procesos_de_regionalizaci%C3%B3n"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="33145506" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/33145506/The_long_road_to_state_building_in_Latina_America_and_its_impact_on_regionalization_processes">The long road to state-building in Latina America and its impact on regionalization processes</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="10779402" href="https://javeriana.academia.edu/EduardoPastrana">Eduardo Pastrana Buelvas</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="3397257" href="https://universidaddelvallecolombia.academia.edu/RafaelCastroAlegr%C3%ADa">Rafael Castro Alegría</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This article addresses, from an interdisciplinary perspective, the impact of the long and torturous state-building process in Latin America on the development of regionalization processes in the subcontinent. Firstly, it contrasts classical and contemporary ideas of sovereignty in order to establish, in a differentiated form and from a historical perspective, the manner in which the sovereignty principle has taken form in state-building and regionalization processes in both Latin America and Europe. Secondly, the thinking surrounding integration and sovereignty in the European continent is briefly summarized. Thirdly, the state-building process of Latin American nation-states and the impact</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The long road to state-building in Latina America and its impact on regionalization processes","attachmentId":53235253,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/33145506/The_long_road_to_state_building_in_Latina_America_and_its_impact_on_regionalization_processes","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/33145506/The_long_road_to_state_building_in_Latina_America_and_its_impact_on_regionalization_processes"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="11586384" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/11586384/Evolution_and_challenges_of_Latin_American_regionalism">Evolution and challenges of Latin American regionalism</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="10585831" href="https://uu.academia.edu/EricCezne">Eric Cezne</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The central purpose of the paper is to describe the historical driving forces of regional processes in Latin American and, thereafter, analyze what characterizes such processes up to 2013 and what are the challenges faced by Latin American regional arrangements. In order to do so, the paper will be based upon the following research question: how has Latin American regionalism evolved over time and what are its current challenges?</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Evolution and challenges of Latin American regionalism","attachmentId":37070586,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/11586384/Evolution_and_challenges_of_Latin_American_regionalism","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/11586384/Evolution_and_challenges_of_Latin_American_regionalism"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="35901920" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/35901920/Regionalism_in_Latin_America_Navigating_in_the_Fog">Regionalism in Latin America. Navigating in the Fog</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="766845" href="https://uchile.academia.edu/AlbertoVanKlaveren">Alberto Van Klaveren</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The more recent waves of regionalism in Latin America have been associated, respectively, with structuralist, neoliberal and post-liberal economic and political experiments in the region. Structuralist regionalism was inaugurated in the 1950s and somehow survived until the 1970s; open regionalism followed in the 1980s and 1990s, and was replaced, to a certain extent, during the next decade by post-liberal regionalism. However, the limits, if not demise, of post-liberal experiments in the most important economies of Latin America pose the question of the future of regionalism. In this changing situation, this paper explores several questions that rise about the future of regionalism in Latin America. Will regionalism hold sway in Latin America? Will present integration schemes continue in the region? Will new entities arise? Will there be a convergence in diversity between integration projects in Latin America? Will the new context of global uncertainties lead to a revival of regionalism?</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Regionalism in Latin America. Navigating in the Fog","attachmentId":55781779,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/35901920/Regionalism_in_Latin_America_Navigating_in_the_Fog","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/35901920/Regionalism_in_Latin_America_Navigating_in_the_Fog"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="2016522" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2016522/Region_regionness_and_regionalism_in_Latin_America_Towards_a_new_synthesis_NPE_">Region, regionness and regionalism in Latin America: Towards a new synthesis (NPE)</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2633308" href="https://soton.academia.edu/PiaRiggirozzi">Pia Riggirozzi</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">New Political Economy, 2012</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">regional governance today represents a conglomerate of commercial, political and trans-societal welfarist integration projects. In this overlapping and sometimes conflicting scenario what Latin Americanness should mean, and how integration projects should respond to current challenges of global political economy are being redefined. The focus of the paper is twofold: to better understand current regional transformations and to discuss what new developments mean for how we theorise non-European regionalism. Looking at the Bolivarian Alliance for the Americas and the Union of South American Nations we ask: How are we to understand regional agreements that are grounded in different systems of rules, alternative ideas and motivations that contest 'open regionalism'? We argue that Union of South American Nations (UNASUR) and Bolivarian Alliance for the Americas (ALBA) represent different pathways to regional building, creating foundations for post-hegemonic and post-trade regional governance. We thus challenge New Regionalist approaches that assume regionalism as taking place within and modelled by neoliberal economics, establishing the debate around 'old' vs. 'new' regionalism. As these categories are limited in grasping the full meaning and implications of post-hegemonic regional orders, we discuss UNASUR and ALBA as 'arenas for action' to understand divergent practices, outcomes and types of regionness emerging in alternative regional spaces in South America.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Region, regionness and regionalism in Latin America: Towards a new synthesis (NPE)","attachmentId":38468716,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/2016522/Region_regionness_and_regionalism_in_Latin_America_Towards_a_new_synthesis_NPE_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/2016522/Region_regionness_and_regionalism_in_Latin_America_Towards_a_new_synthesis_NPE_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="85695541" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/85695541/The_Shifting_Landscape_of_Latin_American_Regionalism">The Shifting Landscape of Latin American Regionalism</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="49656590" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MichaelShifter">Michael Shifter</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Current History, 2012</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Brazil&#39;s rise, coupled with the diminished influence of the United States and the increasingly salient global role of China, has reshuffled the kaleidoscope of regional organizations.…</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Shifting Landscape of Latin American Regionalism","attachmentId":90315882,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/85695541/The_Shifting_Landscape_of_Latin_American_Regionalism","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/85695541/The_Shifting_Landscape_of_Latin_American_Regionalism"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="111476700" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/111476700/Regional_institutions_in_global_south_the_rationale_of_regional_institutionalization_in_south_america_since_the_21st_century">Regional institutions in global “south”: the rationale of regional institutionalization in south america since the 21st century</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="975583" href="https://independent.academia.edu/TaeheokLee">Taeheok Lee</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Revista ecnomia del Caribe, 2022</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Regional institutions in global "south": the Rationale of Regional institutionalization in south ameRica since the 21 st centuRy Taeheok Lee* Fecha de recepción: octubre de 2010 Fecha de aceptación: noviembre de 2010 revista de economía del caribe n° 6 issn: 2011-2106 artículo de investigación Las instituciones regionales en el sur del globo: La lógica de las instituciones regionales en América del sur desde el siglo xxi revista de economía del caribe n º 6 (2010) págs. 131-151 [132] regional institutions in global "south": the rationale of regional institutionalization in south america since 21st century k e y wo R d s : Regionalism, globalization, identity, regional institutions, South America. j e l c o d e s : F02, F15, F59.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Regional institutions in global “south”: the rationale of regional institutionalization in south america since the 21st century","attachmentId":109005610,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/111476700/Regional_institutions_in_global_south_the_rationale_of_regional_institutionalization_in_south_america_since_the_21st_century","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/111476700/Regional_institutions_in_global_south_the_rationale_of_regional_institutionalization_in_south_america_since_the_21st_century"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="63239500" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/63239500/The_evolution_of_competitive_Latin_American_regionalism">The evolution of competitive Latin American regionalism</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1836210" href="https://oxford.academia.edu/LouiseFawcett">Louise Fawcett</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Regionalism and Multilateralism. Politics, Economics, Culture, 2020</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Latin–American regionalism has occupied an important, if still under-recognized, place in the history of regionalism, multilateralism, and international organization. Regional organizations have proliferated at the sub-regional and continental levels, while Latin–American states have been active participants in multilateral institutions. The geographical proximity of the United States has been a constant factor conditioning and influencing regional behavior. Sometimes Latin–Americans have chosen similar, even complementary ways to position themselves and their region in the wider world, displaying a strong sense of common purpose. At other times, different states and non-state actors have moved down alternative, sometimes competitive pathways, thereby generating interregional tensions and rivalries. This chapter tracks the development of various regionalisms in the Americas since independence and their relationships with wider global processes. It argues that while Latin–American regionalism has had a complex and often controversial trajectory over the longue durée, there are also identifiable patterns that highlight continuities from the early post-independence days until the present. The findings show that Latin America has much to offer to contemporary debates about regionalism and multilateralism.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The evolution of competitive Latin American regionalism","attachmentId":76168083,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/63239500/The_evolution_of_competitive_Latin_American_regionalism","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/63239500/The_evolution_of_competitive_Latin_American_regionalism"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="5339621" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/5339621/Has_Regionalism_Peaked_The_Latin_American_Quagmire_and_its_Lessons">Has Regionalism Peaked? The Latin American Quagmire and its Lessons</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="7306129" href="https://lisboa.academia.edu/Andr%C3%A9sMalamud">Andrés Malamud</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">The International Spectator, 2012</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Since 1960, Latin American attempts at regionalism have undergone distinct phases. More notably, they have tended to diverge across space, gradually giving birth to separate blocs that seem to be tearing South, Central and North America apart. Additionally, within and across these regions several overlapping projects coexist. This article focuses on the dynamics of segmented and overlapping regionalism in order to describe what they look like, analyse how they articulate with one another, and explain why member states have pushed for such a messy outcome. This situation, linked to the evolution of the global context, might be indicating that regionalism in Latin America has reached its peak, beyond which it may be difficult to achieve further progress. Two conclusions are elicited: first, economic integration is becoming a geographically diffused phenomenon rather than a regional one; second, regionalism is still a compelling foreign policy but its causes, goals and outcomes are no longer what they used to be.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Has Regionalism Peaked? The Latin American Quagmire and its Lessons","attachmentId":32527578,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/5339621/Has_Regionalism_Peaked_The_Latin_American_Quagmire_and_its_Lessons","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/5339621/Has_Regionalism_Peaked_The_Latin_American_Quagmire_and_its_Lessons"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="66113802" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/66113802/Introduction_The_Reconfiguration_of_21_st_Century_Latin_American_Regionalism_Actors_Processes_Contradictions_and_Prospects">Introduction -The Reconfiguration of 21 st Century Latin American Regionalism: Actors, Processes, Contradictions, and Prospects</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1093085" href="https://qmul.academia.edu/RowanLubbock">Rowan Lubbock</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="489227" href="https://flacso.academia.edu/ErnestoVivares">Ernesto Vivares</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Globalization, 2021</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This introduction charts the current complexity of Latin American (LA) regionalism. Seemingly pulled in opposite directionsbetween dependency/autonomy, competition/cooperation, state/civil society power, capitalism/socialismthese dynamics constitute a significant reconfiguration of the LA regional landscape. And yet, such complexity tends to elude complete capture by any singular theoretical approach. The collection of papers in this Special Issue reflects both the multiplicity of the Latin American region(s) and the theoretically pluralist terrain of contemporary scholarship on LA politics and international relations. The introduction will first outline the complexity of 21 st century LA regionalism and the challenge this poses for scholars in the field. Secondly, we make the case for an 'integrative pluralism' approach to unpacking the multiplicity of regionalisation projects, from both above and below. In bringing together diverse perspectives to a common research problem, we hope to contribute to ongoing debates in IR/IPE over the 'pluralist turn', and what might be done to push this collective project forward. Thirdly, we briefly explore the multi-scalar nature of region-building, encompassing both various spaces/scales as well as political actors. Finally, we outline the contributions to the Special Issue, that span the terrain of LA regionalism from above (political institutions) and below (transnational movements).</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Introduction -The Reconfiguration of 21 st Century Latin American Regionalism: Actors, Processes, Contradictions, and Prospects","attachmentId":77433390,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/66113802/Introduction_The_Reconfiguration_of_21_st_Century_Latin_American_Regionalism_Actors_Processes_Contradictions_and_Prospects","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/66113802/Introduction_The_Reconfiguration_of_21_st_Century_Latin_American_Regionalism_Actors_Processes_Contradictions_and_Prospects"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":71436063,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":71436063,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_71436063" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 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