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(PDF) The long road to state-building in Latin America and its impact on regionalization processes El largo camino de construcción del Estado en América Latina y su impacto en los procesos de regionalización
<!DOCTYPE html> <html > <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/open_search.xml" title="Academia.edu"> <meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" name="viewport"> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="bKJMBZA7E43xhDOopFZkssMMkBRjvYERV-NaN4R6mrs"> <meta name="csrf-param" content="authenticity_token" /> <meta name="csrf-token" content="4WnP0Y7CI5zzjmFLvcGVSipEI4c0UP1m4FQji2z23T-7ShW8RUutq-JBIL0mdovv8hOThGfyBUMp7dMZlJ7q0Q" /> <meta name="citation_title" content="The long road to state-building in Latin America and its impact on regionalization processes El largo camino de construcción del Estado en América Latina y su impacto en los procesos de regionalización" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Rafael Castro Alegría" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /> <meta name="twitter:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/21607958/The_long_road_to_state_building_in_Latin_America_and_its_impact_on_regionalization_processes_El_largo_camino_de_construcci%C3%B3n_del_Estado_en_Am%C3%A9rica_Latina_y_su_impacto_en_los_procesos_de_regionalizaci%C3%B3n" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="The long road to state-building in Latin America and its impact on regionalization processes El largo camino de construcción del Estado en América Latina y su impacto en los procesos de regionalización" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="This article addresses, from an interdisciplinary perspective, the impact of the long and torturous state-building process in Latin America on the development of regionalization processes in the subcontinent. Firstly, it contrasts classical and" /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://0.academia-photos.com/3397257/1148770/35918802/s200_rafael.castro_alegr_a.jpg" /> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="2369844204" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/21607958/The_long_road_to_state_building_in_Latin_America_and_its_impact_on_regionalization_processes_El_largo_camino_de_construcci%C3%B3n_del_Estado_en_Am%C3%A9rica_Latina_y_su_impacto_en_los_procesos_de_regionalizaci%C3%B3n" /> <meta property="og:title" content="The long road to state-building in Latin America and its impact on regionalization processes El largo camino de construcción del Estado en América Latina y su impacto en los procesos de regionalización" /> <meta property="og:image" content="http://a.academia-assets.com/images/open-graph-icons/fb-paper.gif" /> <meta property="og:description" content="This article addresses, from an interdisciplinary perspective, the impact of the long and torturous state-building process in Latin America on the development of regionalization processes in the subcontinent. Firstly, it contrasts classical and" /> <meta property="article:author" content="https://universidaddelvallecolombia.academia.edu/RafaelCastroAlegr%C3%ADa" /> <meta name="description" content="This article addresses, from an interdisciplinary perspective, the impact of the long and torturous state-building process in Latin America on the development of regionalization processes in the subcontinent. Firstly, it contrasts classical and" /> <title>(PDF) The long road to state-building in Latin America and its impact on regionalization processes El largo camino de construcción del Estado en América Latina y su impacto en los procesos de regionalización</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/21607958/The_long_road_to_state_building_in_Latin_America_and_its_impact_on_regionalization_processes_El_largo_camino_de_construcci%C3%B3n_del_Estado_en_Am%C3%A9rica_Latina_y_su_impacto_en_los_procesos_de_regionalizaci%C3%B3n" /> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "single_work", 'action': "show", 'controller_action': 'single_work#show', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script> var $controller_name = 'single_work'; var $action_name = "show"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = '107520bac59918e2ceae62eaadd15bff3d1e7904'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.require = { config: function() { return function() {} } } </script> <script> window.Aedu = window.Aedu || {}; window.Aedu.hit_data = null; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1740859552000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1740859552000; </script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ScholarlyArticle","abstract":"This article addresses, from an interdisciplinary perspective, the impact of the long and torturous state-building process in Latin America on the development of regionalization processes in the subcontinent. Firstly, it contrasts classical and contemporary ideas of sovereignty in order to establish, in a differentiated form and from a historic perspective, the manner in which said principle has taken form in the state-building and regionalization processes in both Latin America and Europe. Secondly, the thinking surrounding integration and sovereignty in the European continent is briefly summarized. Thirdly, the state-building process of Latin American nation-states and the impact it has had on their reluctance to transfer sovereignty to regional governance structures is interpreted. Fourthly, it outlines the role of ideas such as Pan-Americanism, Latin-Americanism, South-Americanism, and Bolivarianism in the development of the regionalization processes in Latin America. Fifthly, the characteristics of the three waves of integration and the reluctance of Latin American states to transfer sovereignty to regional governance architectures are defined. Sixth, it establishes the differences in historic circumstances which have influenced different perspectives on the transfer of sovereignty in the construction of the Latin American and European regions. Finally, from the understanding of the problem of unfinished state-building in Latin America, this article evaluates the development of current regionalization process.","author":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Rafael Castro Alegría","url":"https://universidaddelvallecolombia.academia.edu/RafaelCastroAlegr%C3%ADa","image":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3397257/1148770/35918802/s200_rafael.castro_alegr_a.jpg","sameAs":[]}],"contributor":[],"dateCreated":"2016-02-05","dateModified":"2025-02-02","headline":"The long road to state-building in Latin America and its impact on regionalization processes El largo camino de construcción del Estado en América Latina y su impacto en los procesos de regionalización","image":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/42176260/thumbnails/1.jpg","inLanguage":"en","keywords":["State Building","Regionalism","Regional Integration","Latin 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window.loswp.willEdgeCache = false; window.loswp.work = {"work":{"id":21607958,"created_at":"2016-02-05T16:22:57.352-08:00","from_world_paper_id":null,"updated_at":"2025-02-02T04:41:14.573-08:00","_data":{"abstract":"This article addresses, from an interdisciplinary\nperspective, the impact of the long and torturous\nstate-building process in Latin America on the\ndevelopment of regionalization processes in the\nsubcontinent. Firstly, it contrasts classical and\ncontemporary ideas of sovereignty in order to\nestablish, in a differentiated form and from a\nhistoric perspective, the manner in which said\nprinciple has taken form in the state-building\nand regionalization processes in both Latin\nAmerica and Europe. Secondly, the thinking\nsurrounding integration and sovereignty in\nthe European continent is briefly summarized.\nThirdly, the state-building process of Latin\nAmerican nation-states and the impact it has\nhad on their reluctance to transfer sovereignty\nto regional governance structures is interpreted. Fourthly, it outlines the role of ideas such\nas Pan-Americanism, Latin-Americanism,\nSouth-Americanism, and Bolivarianism in the\ndevelopment of the regionalization processes in\nLatin America. Fifthly, the characteristics of the\nthree waves of integration and the reluctance of\nLatin American states to transfer sovereignty to\nregional governance architectures are defined.\nSixth, it establishes the differences in historic\ncircumstances which have influenced different\nperspectives on the transfer of sovereignty in the\nconstruction of the Latin American and European\nregions. Finally, from the understanding of\nthe problem of unfinished state-building in Latin\nAmerica, this article evaluates the development\nof current regionalization process.","ai_title_tag":"State-Building and Regionalization in Latin America"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"The long road to state-building in Latin America and its impact on regionalization processes El largo camino de construcción del Estado en América Latina y su impacto en los procesos de regionalización","broadcastable":true,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true,"seo_quality":null}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [3397257]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "control"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loginModal = {}; window.loginModal.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon'; 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Firstly, it contrasts classical and contemporary ideas of sovereignty in order to establish, in a differentiated form and from a historic perspective, the manner in which said principle has taken form in the state-building and regionalization processes in both Latin America and Europe. Secondly, the thinking surrounding integration and sovereignty in the European continent is briefly summarized. Thirdly, the state-building process of Latin American nation-states and the impact it has had on their reluctance to transfer sovereignty to regional governance structures is interpreted. Fourthly, it outlines the role of ideas such as Pan-Americanism, Latin-Americanism, South-Americanism, and Bolivarianism in the development of the regionalization processes in Latin America. Fifthly, the characteristics of the three waves of integration and the reluctance of Latin American states to transfer sovereignty to regional governance architectures are defined. Sixth, it establishes the differences in historic circumstances which have influenced different perspectives on the transfer of sovereignty in the construction of the Latin American and European regions. Finally, from the understanding of the problem of unfinished state-building in Latin America, this article evaluates the development of current regionalization process.</p></div></div><div class="ds-top-related-works--grid-container"><div class="ds-related-content--container ds-top-related-works--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="33145506" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/33145506/The_long_road_to_state_building_in_Latina_America_and_its_impact_on_regionalization_processes">The long road to state-building in Latina America and its impact on regionalization processes</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="10779402" href="https://javeriana.academia.edu/EduardoPastrana">Eduardo Pastrana Buelvas</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="3397257" href="https://universidaddelvallecolombia.academia.edu/RafaelCastroAlegr%C3%ADa">Rafael Castro Alegría</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This article addresses, from an interdisciplinary perspective, the impact of the long and torturous state-building process in Latin America on the development of regionalization processes in the subcontinent. Firstly, it contrasts classical and contemporary ideas of sovereignty in order to establish, in a differentiated form and from a historical perspective, the manner in which the sovereignty principle has taken form in state-building and regionalization processes in both Latin America and Europe. Secondly, the thinking surrounding integration and sovereignty in the European continent is briefly summarized. Thirdly, the state-building process of Latin American nation-states and the impact</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The long road to state-building in Latina America and its impact on regionalization processes","attachmentId":53235253,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/33145506/The_long_road_to_state_building_in_Latina_America_and_its_impact_on_regionalization_processes","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/33145506/The_long_road_to_state_building_in_Latina_America_and_its_impact_on_regionalization_processes"><span 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class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="55676597" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/55676597/The_Long_Road_to_State_Building_in_Latin_America_and_its_Impact_on_Regionalization_Processes">The Long Road to State-Building in Latin America and its Impact on Regionalization Processes</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="10779402" href="https://javeriana.academia.edu/EduardoPastrana">Eduardo Pastrana Buelvas</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Papel Político, 2016</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This article addresses, from an interdisciplinary perspective, the impact of the long and tortuous state-building process in Latin America on the development of regionalization processes in</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Long Road to State-Building in Latin America and its Impact on Regionalization Processes","attachmentId":71436063,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/55676597/The_Long_Road_to_State_Building_in_Latin_America_and_its_Impact_on_Regionalization_Processes","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/55676597/The_Long_Road_to_State_Building_in_Latin_America_and_its_Impact_on_Regionalization_Processes"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="16940013" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/16940013/Sovereignty_is_back_integration_out_Latin_American_travails_with_regionalism">Sovereignty is back, integration out: Latin American travails with regionalism</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="7306129" href="https://lisboa.academia.edu/Andr%C3%A9sMalamud">Andrés Malamud</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2012</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Sovereignty is back, integration out: Latin American travails with regionalism","attachmentId":39795437,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/16940013/Sovereignty_is_back_integration_out_Latin_American_travails_with_regionalism","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/16940013/Sovereignty_is_back_integration_out_Latin_American_travails_with_regionalism"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="2016522" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2016522/Region_regionness_and_regionalism_in_Latin_America_Towards_a_new_synthesis_NPE_">Region, regionness and regionalism in Latin America: Towards a new synthesis (NPE)</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2633308" href="https://soton.academia.edu/PiaRiggirozzi">Pia Riggirozzi</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">New Political Economy, 2012</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">regional governance today represents a conglomerate of commercial, political and trans-societal welfarist integration projects. In this overlapping and sometimes conflicting scenario what Latin Americanness should mean, and how integration projects should respond to current challenges of global political economy are being redefined. The focus of the paper is twofold: to better understand current regional transformations and to discuss what new developments mean for how we theorise non-European regionalism. Looking at the Bolivarian Alliance for the Americas and the Union of South American Nations we ask: How are we to understand regional agreements that are grounded in different systems of rules, alternative ideas and motivations that contest 'open regionalism'? We argue that Union of South American Nations (UNASUR) and Bolivarian Alliance for the Americas (ALBA) represent different pathways to regional building, creating foundations for post-hegemonic and post-trade regional governance. We thus challenge New Regionalist approaches that assume regionalism as taking place within and modelled by neoliberal economics, establishing the debate around 'old' vs. 'new' regionalism. As these categories are limited in grasping the full meaning and implications of post-hegemonic regional orders, we discuss UNASUR and ALBA as 'arenas for action' to understand divergent practices, outcomes and types of regionness emerging in alternative regional spaces in South America.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Region, regionness and regionalism in Latin America: Towards a new synthesis (NPE)","attachmentId":38468716,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/2016522/Region_regionness_and_regionalism_in_Latin_America_Towards_a_new_synthesis_NPE_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/2016522/Region_regionness_and_regionalism_in_Latin_America_Towards_a_new_synthesis_NPE_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="6181450" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/6181450/Post_hegemonic_Regionalism_and_Sovereignty_in_Latin_America">Post-hegemonic Regionalism and Sovereignty in Latin America</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="4247486" href="https://iberoamericana.academia.edu/ThomasLegler">Thomas Legler</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2013</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Post-hegemonic Regionalism and Sovereignty in Latin America","attachmentId":33064092,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/6181450/Post_hegemonic_Regionalism_and_Sovereignty_in_Latin_America","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/6181450/Post_hegemonic_Regionalism_and_Sovereignty_in_Latin_America"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="2488162" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2488162/Region_regionness_and_regionalism_in_Latin_America_Towards_a_new_Synthesis_New_Political_Economy_17_4_2012">Region, regionness and regionalism in Latin America: Towards a new Synthesis, New Political Economy, 17:4, 2012</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2633308" href="https://soton.academia.edu/PiaRiggirozzi">Pia Riggirozzi</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Latin American regional governance today represents a conglomerate of commercial, political and trans-societal welfarist integration projects. In this overlapping and sometimes conflicting scenario what Latin Americanness should mean, and how integration projects should respond to current challenges of global political economy are being redefined. The focus of the paper is twofold: to better understand current regional transformations and to discuss what new developments mean for how we theorise non-European regionalism. Looking at the Bolivarian Alliance for the Americas and the Union of South American Nations we ask: How are we to understand regional agreements that are grounded in different systems of rules, alternative ideas and motivations that contest ‘open regionalism’? We argue that Union of South American Nations (UNASUR) and Bolivarian Alliance for the Americas (ALBA) represent different pathways to regional building, creating foundations for post-hegemonic and post-trade regional governance. We thus challenge New Regionalist approaches that assume regionalism as taking place within and modelled by neoliberal economics, establishing the debate around ‘old’ vs. ‘new’ regionalism. As these categories are limited in grasping the full meaning and implications of post-hegemonic regional orders, we discuss UNASUR and ALBA as ‘arenas for action’ to understand divergent practices, outcomes and types of regionness emerging in alternative regional spaces in South America.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Region, regionness and regionalism in Latin America: Towards a new Synthesis, New Political Economy, 17:4, 2012","attachmentId":38468717,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/2488162/Region_regionness_and_regionalism_in_Latin_America_Towards_a_new_Synthesis_New_Political_Economy_17_4_2012","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/2488162/Region_regionness_and_regionalism_in_Latin_America_Towards_a_new_Synthesis_New_Political_Economy_17_4_2012"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="7145493" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/7145493/2516_Sovereignty_and_Regional_Integration_in_Latin_America_a_political_conundrum">2516) Sovereignty and Regional Integration in Latin America: a political conundrum?</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="7851066" href="https://unb.academia.edu/PauloRobertodeAlmeida">Paulo Roberto de Almeida</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Contexto Internacional , 2013</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">There is an inherently contradiction between the regional integration projects in Latin America, albeit rhetorically conducted, and the staunch defense by most countries of their national sovereignty, which restricts and opposes many of the liberalization mechanisms implicit in, and necessary to, the integration processes, based on the rendition of sovereignty in some areas of economic relevance, including, and especially, trade and industrial policies, as well as other sectorial measures. The dilemma is historically compounded by a juridical tradition that places the retraction into an introverted version of the sovereignty principle into the context of conceptual elaborations well known in the international law, such as Calvo doctrine and the Drago principle. Brazil is one of the most resolute promoters of the national sovereignty principle among Latin American countries, clearly expressed in its constitutional chart and foreign policy stances, since the Second Hague peace conference of 1907. Other Latin American countries, mainly in Central America and the Caribbean, are much more motivated by real concerns over recurrent United States interventionism in the regional, in some cases by military means. This framework has somewhat infringed on integration projects, which is also hindered by economic nationalism and state interventionism. Relação de Publicados n. 1118bis</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"2516) Sovereignty and Regional Integration in Latin America: a political conundrum?","attachmentId":33780876,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/7145493/2516_Sovereignty_and_Regional_Integration_in_Latin_America_a_political_conundrum","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/7145493/2516_Sovereignty_and_Regional_Integration_in_Latin_America_a_political_conundrum"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="75875658" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/75875658/Problematising_Regional_Integration_in_Latin_America_Regional_Identity_and_the_Enmeshed_State_The_Central_American_Case">Problematising Regional Integration in Latin America: Regional Identity and the Enmeshed State The Central American Case</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="206490604" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JCastroCaballero">José Jesús Castro Caballero</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Problematising 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