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(PDF) (2019) 'Peace to end Peace' review of Herward Sieberg and Christa Zorn eds, 'The Anglo-German Correspondence of Vernon Lee and Irene Forbes-Mosse During World War I' & A. Sharp, 'Versailles:1919' (Haus), Dublin Review of Books, Issue 111, May. | Angus S C Mitchell - Academia.edu
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Sharp, 'Versailles:1919' (Haus), Dublin Review of Books, Issue 111, May. | Angus S C Mitchell - Academia.edu</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/39004877/_2019_Peace_to_end_Peace_review_of_Herward_Sieberg_and_Christa_Zorn_eds_The_Anglo_German_Correspondence_of_Vernon_Lee_and_Irene_Forbes_Mosse_During_World_War_I_and_A_Sharp_Versailles_1919_Haus_Dublin_Review_of_Books_Issue_111_May" /> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "single_work", 'action': "show", 'controller_action': 'single_work#show', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script> var $controller_name = 'single_work'; var $action_name = "show"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = '51e3f76a5fac695d0c50da80996581703ec787bf'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.require = { config: function() { return function() {} } } </script> <script> window.Aedu = window.Aedu || {}; window.Aedu.hit_data = null; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1733944604000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1733944604000; </script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ScholarlyArticle","abstract":"\u0026amp;quot;An appeal to the Intellectuals of Europe\u0026amp;quot; is the title of a brief essay written by the philosopher Bertrand Russell to introduce a collection of anti-war writings called Justice in WarTime (1915). Russell\u0026amp;#39;s view was uncomplicated: the war forced people to make a choice between principles and patriotism. Those, like himself, who chose principles, experienced war in a very different way from most of their fellow citizens. As the conflict dragged on, the actions of those who stood firm to their beliefs swerved into the realm of treason. But what made Russell particularly critical of the national psychology of patriotism was the development of indelible myths to do with both the origins, aims and potential outcomes of the violence. Russell was convicted under the Defence of the Realm Act in the last months of the war and imprisoned for six months for making statements \u0026amp;quot;likely to prejudice His Majesty\u0026amp;#39;s relations with the United States of America\u0026amp;quot;. He found prison life agreeable, largely because there were no distractions. From his cell he wrote his Introduction to Mathematical Philosophy. But imprisonment did not \u0026amp;quot;reform\u0026amp;quot; him or dampen his appetite for peace. He would remain committed to the anti-war movement and would be jailed again in his later years for his support for the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament. His assistant, who undertook the research for much of his writings against war, was a young woman called Irene Cooper Willis. She was introduced to Russell by the writer, critic and polymath Vernon Lee. Russell\u0026amp;#39;s efforts to seduce Cooper Willis resulted in a series of awkward rejections. She was more interested in carrying out research on his behalf, and she immersed herself in a thoughtful, if over-detailed, evaluation of the Liberal press. The work would turn her into a fierce opponent of both the government and the Liberal media. Traditionally, the Liberal Party was opposed to warfare. So, when a Liberal cabinet took Britain into war, it needed to rationalise its actions to both itself and the public. This required a good measure of self-deception, supported by regular injections of propaganda. Cooper Willis showed how the case in favour of conflict had evolved before, during and after the war, and she charted how public understanding was manipulated at a press and political level throughout. After the armistice, she published three pamphlets setting out her views: How we went into the war (1919), How we got on with the war (1920) and How we came out of the war (1921). These were later gathered together under the title of England\u0026amp;#39;s Holy War (1928), dedicated to Vernon Lee. Cooper Willis made a strong case that delusion had played a critical role in how the conflict had been constructed in the public imagination. She was very much of the view that public perception of war had been massively distorted. For her, it was a collective madness.","author":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Angus S C Mitchell"}],"contributor":[],"dateCreated":"2019-05-02","dateModified":"2020-01-17","datePublished":"2019-01-01","headline":"(2019) 'Peace to end Peace' review of Herward Sieberg and Christa Zorn eds, 'The Anglo-German Correspondence of Vernon Lee and Irene Forbes-Mosse During World War I' \u0026 A. Sharp, 'Versailles:1919' (Haus), Dublin Review of Books, Issue 111, May.","image":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/59112865/thumbnails/1.jpg","inLanguage":"en","keywords":["Pacifism","First World War","Treaty of Versailles","Vernon Lee","Auto/biographical Writings Especially Women's Letters and Diaries"],"publication":"Dublin Review of Books","publisher":{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Organization","name":null},"sourceOrganization":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"EducationalOrganization","name":null}],"thumbnailUrl":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/59112865/thumbnails/1.jpg","url":"https://www.academia.edu/39004877/_2019_Peace_to_end_Peace_review_of_Herward_Sieberg_and_Christa_Zorn_eds_The_Anglo_German_Correspondence_of_Vernon_Lee_and_Irene_Forbes_Mosse_During_World_War_I_and_A_Sharp_Versailles_1919_Haus_Dublin_Review_of_Books_Issue_111_May"}</script><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" 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window.loswp.willEdgeCache = false; window.loswp.work = {"work":{"id":39004877,"created_at":"2019-05-02T13:27:30.477-07:00","from_world_paper_id":null,"updated_at":"2021-01-18T02:55:22.342-08:00","_data":{"abstract":"\"An appeal to the Intellectuals of Europe\" is the title of a brief essay written by the philosopher Bertrand Russell to introduce a collection of anti-war writings called Justice in WarTime (1915). Russell's view was uncomplicated: the war forced people to make a choice between principles and patriotism. Those, like himself, who chose principles, experienced war in a very different way from most of their fellow citizens. As the conflict dragged on, the actions of those who stood firm to their beliefs swerved into the realm of treason. But what made Russell particularly critical of the national psychology of patriotism was the development of indelible myths to do with both the origins, aims and potential outcomes of the violence. Russell was convicted under the Defence of the Realm Act in the last months of the war and imprisoned for six months for making statements \"likely to prejudice His Majesty's relations with the United States of America\". He found prison life agreeable, largely because there were no distractions. From his cell he wrote his Introduction to Mathematical Philosophy. But imprisonment did not \"reform\" him or dampen his appetite for peace. He would remain committed to the anti-war movement and would be jailed again in his later years for his support for the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament. His assistant, who undertook the research for much of his writings against war, was a young woman called Irene Cooper Willis. She was introduced to Russell by the writer, critic and polymath Vernon Lee. Russell's efforts to seduce Cooper Willis resulted in a series of awkward rejections. She was more interested in carrying out research on his behalf, and she immersed herself in a thoughtful, if over-detailed, evaluation of the Liberal press. The work would turn her into a fierce opponent of both the government and the Liberal media. Traditionally, the Liberal Party was opposed to warfare. So, when a Liberal cabinet took Britain into war, it needed to rationalise its actions to both itself and the public. This required a good measure of self-deception, supported by regular injections of propaganda. Cooper Willis showed how the case in favour of conflict had evolved before, during and after the war, and she charted how public understanding was manipulated at a press and political level throughout. After the armistice, she published three pamphlets setting out her views: How we went into the war (1919), How we got on with the war (1920) and How we came out of the war (1921). These were later gathered together under the title of England's Holy War (1928), dedicated to Vernon Lee. Cooper Willis made a strong case that delusion had played a critical role in how the conflict had been constructed in the public imagination. She was very much of the view that public perception of war had been massively distorted. For her, it was a collective madness.","publication_date":"2019,,","publication_name":"Dublin Review of Books"},"document_type":"book_review","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"(2019) 'Peace to end Peace' review of Herward Sieberg and Christa Zorn eds, 'The Anglo-German Correspondence of Vernon Lee and Irene Forbes-Mosse During World War I' \u0026 A. Sharp, 'Versailles:1919' (Haus), Dublin Review of Books, Issue 111, May.","broadcastable":true,"draft":false,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [33273489]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "control"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loswp.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon';</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":59112865,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “(2019) 'Peace to end Peace' review of Herward Sieberg and Christa Zorn eds, 'The Anglo-German Correspondence of Vernon Lee and Irene Forbes-Mosse During World War I' & A. Sharp, 'Versailles:1919' (Haus), Dublin Review of Books, Issue 111, May.”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/59112865/mini_magick20190502-23003-rtbjvj.png?1556829915" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/single_work_splash/adobe_icon.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">(2019) 'Peace to end Peace' review of Herward Sieberg and Christa Zorn eds, 'The Anglo-German Correspondence of Vernon Lee and Irene Forbes-Mosse During World War I' & A. Sharp, 'Versailles:1919' (Haus), Dublin Review of Books, Issue 111, May.</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="33273489" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AngusMitchell8"><img alt="Profile image of Angus S C Mitchell" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/33273489/10501151/43613742/s65_angus.mitchell.jpg" />Angus S C Mitchell</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2019, Dublin Review of Books</p><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">7 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 39004877; const worksViewsPath = "/v0/works/views?subdomain_param=api&work_ids%5B%5D=39004877"; const getWorkViews = async (workId) => { const response = await fetch(worksViewsPath); if (!response.ok) { throw new Error('Failed to load work views'); } const data = await response.json(); return data.views[workId]; }; // Get the view count for the work - we send this immediately rather than waiting for // the DOM to load, so it can be available as soon as possible (but without holding up // the backend or other resource requests, because it's a bit expensive and not critical). const viewCount = await getWorkViews(workId); const updateViewCount = (viewCount) => { const viewCountNumber = Number(viewCount); if (!viewCountNumber) { throw new Error('Failed to parse view count'); } const commaizedViewCount = viewCountNumber.toLocaleString(); const viewCountBody = document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count'); if (viewCountBody) { viewCountBody.textContent = `${commaizedViewCount} views`; } else { throw new Error('Failed to find work views element'); } }; // If the DOM is still loading, wait for it to be ready before updating the view count. if (document.readyState === "loading") { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { updateViewCount(viewCount); }); // Otherwise, just update it immediately. } else { updateViewCount(viewCount); } })();</script></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">"An appeal to the Intellectuals of Europe" is the title of a brief essay written by the philosopher Bertrand Russell to introduce a collection of anti-war writings called Justice in WarTime (1915). Russell's view was uncomplicated: the war forced people to make a choice between principles and patriotism. Those, like himself, who chose principles, experienced war in a very different way from most of their fellow citizens. As the conflict dragged on, the actions of those who stood firm to their beliefs swerved into the realm of treason. But what made Russell particularly critical of the national psychology of patriotism was the development of indelible myths to do with both the origins, aims and potential outcomes of the violence. Russell was convicted under the Defence of the Realm Act in the last months of the war and imprisoned for six months for making statements "likely to prejudice His Majesty's relations with the United States of America". He found prison life agreeable, largely because there were no distractions. From his cell he wrote his Introduction to Mathematical Philosophy. But imprisonment did not "reform" him or dampen his appetite for peace. He would remain committed to the anti-war movement and would be jailed again in his later years for his support for the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament. His assistant, who undertook the research for much of his writings against war, was a young woman called Irene Cooper Willis. She was introduced to Russell by the writer, critic and polymath Vernon Lee. Russell's efforts to seduce Cooper Willis resulted in a series of awkward rejections. She was more interested in carrying out research on his behalf, and she immersed herself in a thoughtful, if over-detailed, evaluation of the Liberal press. The work would turn her into a fierce opponent of both the government and the Liberal media. Traditionally, the Liberal Party was opposed to warfare. So, when a Liberal cabinet took Britain into war, it needed to rationalise its actions to both itself and the public. This required a good measure of self-deception, supported by regular injections of propaganda. Cooper Willis showed how the case in favour of conflict had evolved before, during and after the war, and she charted how public understanding was manipulated at a press and political level throughout. After the armistice, she published three pamphlets setting out her views: How we went into the war (1919), How we got on with the war (1920) and How we came out of the war (1921). These were later gathered together under the title of England's Holy War (1928), dedicated to Vernon Lee. Cooper Willis made a strong case that delusion had played a critical role in how the conflict had been constructed in the public imagination. She was very much of the view that public perception of war had been massively distorted. For her, it was a collective madness.</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":59112865,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/39004877/_2019_Peace_to_end_Peace_review_of_Herward_Sieberg_and_Christa_Zorn_eds_The_Anglo_German_Correspondence_of_Vernon_Lee_and_Irene_Forbes_Mosse_During_World_War_I_and_A_Sharp_Versailles_1919_Haus_Dublin_Review_of_Books_Issue_111_May"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":59112865,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/39004877/_2019_Peace_to_end_Peace_review_of_Herward_Sieberg_and_Christa_Zorn_eds_The_Anglo_German_Correspondence_of_Vernon_Lee_and_Irene_Forbes_Mosse_During_World_War_I_and_A_Sharp_Versailles_1919_Haus_Dublin_Review_of_Books_Issue_111_May"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div></div><div data-auto_select="false" data-client_id="331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b" data-doc_id="59112865" data-landing_url="https://www.academia.edu/39004877/_2019_Peace_to_end_Peace_review_of_Herward_Sieberg_and_Christa_Zorn_eds_The_Anglo_German_Correspondence_of_Vernon_Lee_and_Irene_Forbes_Mosse_During_World_War_I_and_A_Sharp_Versailles_1919_Haus_Dublin_Review_of_Books_Issue_111_May" data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><div class="ds-top-related-works--grid-container"><div class="ds-related-content--container ds-top-related-works--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="16293146" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/16293146/_The_Great_War_and_the_Historical_Imagination_Bertrand_Russell_and_the_Threat_to_Civilization_in_Anna_Branach_Kallas_and_Nelly_Strehlau_eds_Re_Imagining_the_First_World_War_Cambridge_Scholars_Publishing_2015_pp_74_89">‘The Great War and the Historical Imagination: Bertrand Russell and the Threat to Civilization’ in Anna Branach-Kallas and Nelly Strehlau, eds., Re-Imagining the First World War (Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2015), pp.74-89.</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="12172900" href="https://ug.academia.edu/RossAldridge">Ross Aldridge</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This essay is a chapter of an edited collection entitled 'Re-Imagining the First World War'. The essay discusses and analyses the intellectual impact of the Great War on the British philosopher and writer Bertrand Russell. In particular, the essay explores the various ways in which Russell's historical imagination was threatened and undermined in the first two years of the conflict.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"‘The Great War and the Historical Imagination: Bertrand Russell and the Threat to Civilization’ in Anna Branach-Kallas and Nelly Strehlau, eds., Re-Imagining the First World War (Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2015), pp.74-89.","attachmentId":38929489,"attachmentType":"docx","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/16293146/_The_Great_War_and_the_Historical_Imagination_Bertrand_Russell_and_the_Threat_to_Civilization_in_Anna_Branach_Kallas_and_Nelly_Strehlau_eds_Re_Imagining_the_First_World_War_Cambridge_Scholars_Publishing_2015_pp_74_89","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/16293146/_The_Great_War_and_the_Historical_Imagination_Bertrand_Russell_and_the_Threat_to_Civilization_in_Anna_Branach_Kallas_and_Nelly_Strehlau_eds_Re_Imagining_the_First_World_War_Cambridge_Scholars_Publishing_2015_pp_74_89"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="43004168" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/43004168/Irene_Cooper_Willis_Englands_Holy_War_A_Cultural_Study_of_English_Liberal_Idealism_During_the_Great_War">Irene Cooper Willis "England's Holy War": A Cultural Study of English Liberal Idealism During the Great War</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1023334" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AlbertoPalazzi">Alberto Palazzi</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Irene Cooper Willis (1882-1970) was a British literary scholar and barrister. She was educated at Girton College, Cambridge where she graduated with a BA in 1904. As a barrister, she was a member of the Inner Temple and Lincoln’s Inn. Willis wrote biographies of Elizabeth Barrett Browning, Florence Nightingale and the Brontës. Her work England’s Holy War analysed how Liberals, upon the outbreak of the First World War, abandoned their pacifism and supported the war effort with a crusading spirit. England’s Holy War tells the story of the compromises of conscience and self-fuelled illusions by British Liberal opinion as it was reflected in the newspapers that represented it during the First World War, in particular the Daily News and the Manchester Guardian, and is a first rate contribution to the problem of consent to the Great War, the immense and generalized consent that for various reasons the politically literate population of the whole of Europe gave their country’s participation in the war. The discussion vividly reveals the state of consciousness, throughout the war, of the Liberal half of England forced to comply with a war that contradicted all the principles for which it had committed itself until on the day of the United Kingdom’s involvement.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Irene Cooper Willis \"England's Holy War\": A Cultural Study of English Liberal Idealism During the Great War","attachmentId":63267821,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/43004168/Irene_Cooper_Willis_Englands_Holy_War_A_Cultural_Study_of_English_Liberal_Idealism_During_the_Great_War","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/43004168/Irene_Cooper_Willis_Englands_Holy_War_A_Cultural_Study_of_English_Liberal_Idealism_During_the_Great_War"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="1473178" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1473178/Martin_Wight_on_War_Towards_a_Better_Understanding_of_the_Enigma">Martin Wight on War: Towards a Better Understanding of the Enigma</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="210509" href="https://johnshopkins.academia.edu/LucasFreire">Lucas G . Freire</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Martin Wight’s contribution to British IR is well-known. His radical defence of Christian pacifism is often contrasted with his acute sense of ‘tragedy’ in the analysis of power politics. Such tension has been characterised as an ‘enigma’. Some have claimed that Wight changed his mind over time, labelling his position as ultimately ‘realist’ in the classical sense. However, this notion must be challenged in light of his own negative opinion on realism read against the religious and intellectual background of his work. In this paper it is argued that there is a considerable degree of continuity in Wight’s reflections on realism and war since the early pacifist phase. For this reason, judgement on whether or not Wight has abandoned pacifism later in his career should at least be suspended. However, a closer look at his statements which at first sight seem to support realism and to eschew pacifism actually opens up space for the opposing view that he remained sympathetic to pacifism and critical of realism even in the later years. In any case, it must be granted that his approach to activism considerably changed over time and that the whole issue was subsequently treated as a private matter.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Martin Wight on War: Towards a Better Understanding of the Enigma","attachmentId":11526051,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/1473178/Martin_Wight_on_War_Towards_a_Better_Understanding_of_the_Enigma","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/1473178/Martin_Wight_on_War_Towards_a_Better_Understanding_of_the_Enigma"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="79916320" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/79916320/Patriots_and_Pacifists_The_Rhetorical_Debate_about_Peace_Patriotism_and_Internationalism_1914_1930">Patriots and Pacifists: The Rhetorical Debate about Peace, Patriotism, and Internationalism, 1914-1930</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="241002" href="https://berry.academia.edu/ChristySnider">Christy Snider</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Rhetoric &amp; Public Affairs, 2005</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link 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translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="27965285" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/27965285/We_Who_Dared_to_Say_No_to_War_American_Antiwar_Writing_from_1812_to_Now">We Who Dared to Say No to War: American Antiwar Writing from 1812 to Now</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="52288673" href="https://independent.academia.edu/CharlesHowlett">Charles Howlett</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Peace & Change, 2000</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"We Who Dared to Say No to War: American Antiwar Writing from 1812 to Now","attachmentId":48267521,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/27965285/We_Who_Dared_to_Say_No_to_War_American_Antiwar_Writing_from_1812_to_Now","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/27965285/We_Who_Dared_to_Say_No_to_War_American_Antiwar_Writing_from_1812_to_Now"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="10097673" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/10097673/A_journal_of_War_authors">A journal of War authors</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="24371257" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RobertPeat">Robert Peat</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"A journal of War authors","attachmentId":36218698,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/10097673/A_journal_of_War_authors","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/10097673/A_journal_of_War_authors"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="3486195" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3486195/Bright_hope_British_radical_publicists_American_intervention_and_the_prospects_of_a_negotiated_peace_1917">Bright hope: British radical publicists, American intervention, and the prospects of a negotiated peace, 1917</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="4090406" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DarylCornu">Daryl Le Cornu</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2005</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline 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translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="27088730" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/27088730/_Losing_My_Religion_The_Effect_of_World_War_I_on_Pacifism_in_the_Stone_Campbell_Movement_">“Losing My Religion: The Effect of World War I on Pacifism in the Stone-Campbell Movement"</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1024350" href="https://npc.academia.edu/JoshuaJeffery">Joshua W Jeffery</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Routledge History of World Peace since 1750, 2018</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"“Losing My Religion: The Effect of World War I on Pacifism in the Stone-Campbell Movement\"","attachmentId":57355636,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/27088730/_Losing_My_Religion_The_Effect_of_World_War_I_on_Pacifism_in_the_Stone_Campbell_Movement_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/27088730/_Losing_My_Religion_The_Effect_of_World_War_I_on_Pacifism_in_the_Stone_Campbell_Movement_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="71163599" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/71163599/Rethinking_the_British_Anti_War_Movement_1914_1918_Notes_from_a_Local_Study">Rethinking the British Anti-War Movement 1914-1918: Notes from a Local Study</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="16255727" href="https://leeds.academia.edu/CyrilPearce">Cyril Pearce</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Quaker Studies, 2003</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Based on extensive research into the 1914-1918 anti-war movement in Huddersfield, West Yorkshire, this study sets out to examine the proposition that Huddersfield was a &#39;special place&#39; in the strength of its anti-war community and in the tolerance shown to it. In the process, it raises fundamental questions about historians&#39; understanding of the way in which British society dealt with the war. It criticises what it sees to be an essentially metropolitan view of the war which it regards as inaccurate and misleading. It also raises questions about popular attitudes towards the war, the nature of anti-war groupings, accepted calculations of Conscientious Objector (CO) numbers and the notion of the CO as an individual &#39;suffering for conscience sake&#39;. In doing so it makes a plea for more local studies and, in particular for closer attention to the idea of the CO as representative of a coherent and self-sustaining broad-based radical sub-culture.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Rethinking the British Anti-War Movement 1914-1918: Notes from a Local Study","attachmentId":80630347,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/71163599/Rethinking_the_British_Anti_War_Movement_1914_1918_Notes_from_a_Local_Study","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/71163599/Rethinking_the_British_Anti_War_Movement_1914_1918_Notes_from_a_Local_Study"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="3745092" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3745092/Reframing_the_Interwar_Peace_Movement_The_Curious_Case_of_Albert_Einstein">Reframing the Interwar Peace Movement: The Curious Case of Albert Einstein</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="4594018" href="https://huji.academia.edu/OferAshkenazi">Ofer Ashkenazi</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Contemporary History, 2011</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Reframing the Interwar Peace Movement: The Curious Case of Albert Einstein","attachmentId":57644116,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/3745092/Reframing_the_Interwar_Peace_Movement_The_Curious_Case_of_Albert_Einstein","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/3745092/Reframing_the_Interwar_Peace_Movement_The_Curious_Case_of_Albert_Einstein"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":59112865,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":59112865,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_59112865" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 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