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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Ethnic history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ethnic_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_Turkmen_tribes_in_present-day_Iran" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_Turkmen_tribes_in_present-day_Iran"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Modern Turkmen tribes in present-day Iran</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_Turkmen_tribes_in_present-day_Iran-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Language" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Language"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Language</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Language-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_Iranian_Turkmen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Turkmen diaspora living mainly in northern and northeastern regions of Iran</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ethnic group</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Iranian Turkmens</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above nickname" style="font-size:115%; font-weight:normal;"><div lang="Turkmen"><span style="font-size:85%;">ایران تۆرکمنلری</span><br /><i><span title="Turkmen-language text"><i lang="tk-Latn">Eýran türkmenleri</i></span></i></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Iranian_turkmen_in_Bandar_Torkman.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Iranian_turkmen_in_Bandar_Torkman.jpg/220px-Iranian_turkmen_in_Bandar_Torkman.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Iranian_turkmen_in_Bandar_Torkman.jpg/330px-Iranian_turkmen_in_Bandar_Torkman.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Iranian_turkmen_in_Bandar_Torkman.jpg/440px-Iranian_turkmen_in_Bandar_Torkman.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Turkmens of <a href="/wiki/Bandar-e_Torkaman" class="mw-redirect" title="Bandar-e Torkaman">Bandar-e Torkaman</a>, Iran</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Total population</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">500,000 - 1,000,000<sup id="cite_ref-Arakelova_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Arakelova-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />790,000 - 1,600,000<sup id="cite_ref-Ethnologue_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ethnologue-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />1–2.4 million<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />1-2% of the total population</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Regions with significant populations</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Golestan_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Golestan Province">Golestan Province</a>, <a href="/wiki/Razavi_Khorasan_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Razavi Khorasan Province">Razavi Khorasan Province</a> and <a href="/wiki/North_Khorasan_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="North Khorasan Province">North Khorasan Province</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Languages</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Turkmen_language" title="Turkmen language">Turkmen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Religion</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni Islam</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Iranian Turkmens</b> (<a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>: <span lang="fa" dir="rtl">ترکمن‌های ایران</span>; <a href="/wiki/Turkmen_language" title="Turkmen language">Turkmen</a>: <span lang="tk" dir="rtl">ایران تۆرکمن‌لری</span>, <small>romanized: </small><span title="Turkmen-language romanization"><i lang="tk-Latn">Eýran Türkmenleri</i></span>) are a branch of <a href="/wiki/Turkmens" title="Turkmens">Turkmen people</a> living mainly in northern and northeastern regions of <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>. Their region is called <a href="/wiki/Turkmen_Sahra" title="Turkmen Sahra">Turkmen Sahra</a> and includes substantial parts of <a href="/wiki/Golestan_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Golestan Province">Golestan Province</a> of Iran. The number of Turkmens in Iran is estimated at 0.5 to 2.4 million people. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ethnography">Ethnography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iranian_Turkmens&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Ethnography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Iranian Turkmens have represented a group of semi-nomadic tribes who retained a more traditional way for a long time. The following <a href="/wiki/Turkmen_tribes" title="Turkmen tribes">Turkmen tribes</a> live in Iran: <a href="/wiki/Yomut" title="Yomut">Yomut</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Goklen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Goklen (page does not exist)">Goklen</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Teke_(Turkmen_tribe)" class="mw-redirect" title="Teke (Turkmen tribe)">Teke</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ethnic_history">Ethnic history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iranian_Turkmens&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Ethnic history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Iranian_muslim_turkmen_of_Ashuradeh_island.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Iranian_muslim_turkmen_of_Ashuradeh_island.jpg/215px-Iranian_muslim_turkmen_of_Ashuradeh_island.jpg" decoding="async" width="215" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Iranian_muslim_turkmen_of_Ashuradeh_island.jpg/323px-Iranian_muslim_turkmen_of_Ashuradeh_island.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Iranian_muslim_turkmen_of_Ashuradeh_island.jpg/430px-Iranian_muslim_turkmen_of_Ashuradeh_island.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Iranian Turkmens of <a href="/wiki/Ashuradeh" title="Ashuradeh">Ashuradeh</a> island, Iran</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A_Turkmen_woman_in_Bandar_Torkaman.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/A_Turkmen_woman_in_Bandar_Torkaman.jpg/215px-A_Turkmen_woman_in_Bandar_Torkaman.jpg" decoding="async" width="215" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/A_Turkmen_woman_in_Bandar_Torkaman.jpg/323px-A_Turkmen_woman_in_Bandar_Torkaman.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/A_Turkmen_woman_in_Bandar_Torkaman.jpg/430px-A_Turkmen_woman_in_Bandar_Torkaman.jpg 2x" data-file-width="736" data-file-height="526" /></a><figcaption>A Turkmen woman of <a href="/wiki/Bandar-e_Torkaman" class="mw-redirect" title="Bandar-e Torkaman">Bandar-e Torkaman</a>, Iran</figcaption></figure> <p>Representatives of such modern Turkmen tribes as Yomut, Goklen, Īgdīr, Saryk, Salar and Teke have lived in Iran since the 16th century,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> though ethnic history of Turkmens in Iran starts with the <a href="/wiki/Seljuk_conquest" class="mw-redirect" title="Seljuk conquest">Seljuk conquest</a> of the region in the 11th century.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Throughout the 17th century and the beginning of the 18th century, a process of resettlement of the Turkmen tribes took place in Iran. In the 17th century, it was associated with the intensified exploitation of Turkmens by the <a href="/wiki/Khanate_of_Khiva" title="Khanate of Khiva">Khanate of Khiva</a> and the raids of the <a href="/wiki/Kalmyk_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalmyk people">Kalmyk</a> feudal lords.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELogashova197615–16_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELogashova197615–16-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After what Iranian ruler <a href="/wiki/Nader_Shah" title="Nader Shah">Nader Shah</a>, himself an ethnic Turkmen, defeated Turkmens and <a href="/wiki/Kurds" title="Kurds">Kurds</a> in 1728, he drove part of the Teke and Imreli tribes out and settled them in Khorasan, specifically in the steppe of <a href="/wiki/Astrabad" class="mw-redirect" title="Astrabad">Astrabad</a>. In the 1740s, Nader Shah conquered the <a href="/wiki/Khanate_of_Bukhara" title="Khanate of Bukhara">Bukhara</a> and <a href="/wiki/Khiva_Khanate" class="mw-redirect" title="Khiva Khanate">Khiva Khanates</a>. Subsequently, most of the Turkmen Yomuds were forced to move from the Khiva Khanate to the coast of the <a href="/wiki/Caspian_Sea" title="Caspian Sea">Caspian Sea</a> and to Astrabad.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELogashova197615–16_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELogashova197615–16-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Until the <a href="/wiki/Russian_conquest_of_Central_Asia" title="Russian conquest of Central Asia">Russian conquest of Central Asia</a>, the situation in the areas of residence of Turkmens was turbulent. Under the pretext of jihad, the Khiva Khan repeatedly raided Iranian territory. As an Iranian writer <a href="/wiki/Reza-Qoli_Khan_Hedayat" title="Reza-Qoli Khan Hedayat">Reza-Qoli Khan</a> wrote, he (the Khiva Khan) "at times led troops against <a href="/wiki/Serakhs" class="mw-redirect" title="Serakhs">Serakhs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Merv" title="Merv">Merv</a>, and sometimes ordered Turkmens to raid the regions of Khorasan". In turn, Iranian troops attacked the <a href="/wiki/Khwarazm" title="Khwarazm">Khwarazm</a>, mainly the Turkmen lands, robbing and taking people into captivity.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMannanov196425_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMannanov196425-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The movement of the Turkmen tribes was also affected by intertribal contradictions, which quite often turned into serious conflicts. In 1855, Teke Turkmens captured the <a href="/wiki/Merv" title="Merv">Merv oasis</a>. The Saryks who lived there, were expelled to the <a href="/wiki/Iolotan" class="mw-redirect" title="Iolotan">Iolotan</a> and Panjdeh oases, and they, in turn, drove the <a href="/wiki/Salur_(tribe)" title="Salur (tribe)">Salurs</a> out of Iolotan. The latter were initially located in the area of present-day <a href="/wiki/Serhetabat_District" title="Serhetabat District">Serhetabat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a>, and then migrated to Iran, and finally settled 120 km above Serakhs. Later, Iran exploited the struggle between the Saryks and Tekes to organize a campaign to the <a href="/wiki/Merv" title="Merv">Merv oasis</a> in 1861. However, it ended in a crushing defeat for the Iranian troops.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Modern_Turkmen_tribes_in_present-day_Iran">Modern Turkmen tribes in present-day Iran</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iranian_Turkmens&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Modern Turkmen tribes in present-day Iran"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nearly one million Turkmens can be found living along the northern edges of Iran, just south of the <a href="/wiki/Iran-Turkmenistan_border" class="mw-redirect" title="Iran-Turkmenistan border">Turkmenistan-Iran border</a>. For centuries, Turkmens had lived as nomadic herdsmen. In more recent years, however, many of them have changed to a "semi-nomadic lifestyle," living in permanent homes as well as in tents. Today, most of them are farmers and cattle breeders. Turkmens still live in extended families where various generations can be found under the same roof, especially in rural areas. Many tribal customs still survive among the modern Turkmens.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Language">Language</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iranian_Turkmens&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Language"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Iranian Turkmens speak primarily Southern Turkmen, a variant of the <a href="/wiki/Turkmen_language" title="Turkmen language">Turkmen language</a> also spoken in <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is currently written in the <a href="/wiki/Turkmen_Arabic_Alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkmen Arabic Alphabet">Perso-Arabic</a> script, though some use the Turkmen <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> script, common in the Republic of Turkmenistan since its independence in the 1990s.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Southern Turkmen is mutually intelligible with the Turkmen variety spoken in <a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a>, though it borrows heavily <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a> loanwords. There is also a strong <a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a> influence in Southern Turkmen.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_Iranian_Turkmen">Notable Iranian Turkmen</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iranian_Turkmens&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Notable Iranian Turkmen"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dowletmammet_Azady" class="mw-redirect" title="Dowletmammet Azady">Dowletmammet Azady</a>, Turkmen poet, scholar and <a href="/wiki/Sufi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sufi">Sufi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magtymguly_Pyragy" title="Magtymguly Pyragy">Magtymguly Pyragy</a>, Turkmen spiritual leader, philosophical poet and Sufi</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haj_Aghi_Alejalil" class="mw-redirect" title="Haj Aghi Alejalil">Haj Aghi Alejalil</a>, Iranian philanthropist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sardar_Azmoun" title="Sardar Azmoun">Sardar Azmoun</a>, Iranian <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">footballer</a> who plays for <a href="/wiki/Bayer_04_Leverkusen" title="Bayer 04 Leverkusen">Bayer Leverkusen</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Bundesliga" title="Bundesliga">Bundesliga</a> and <a href="/wiki/Iranian_National_Football_Team" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian National Football Team">Iranian National Team</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farhad_Ghaemi" title="Farhad Ghaemi">Farhad Ghaemi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Volleyball" title="Volleyball">volleyball</a> player from Iran, who plays as a Spike for the <a href="/wiki/Iran_men%27s_national_volleyball_team" title="Iran men's national volleyball team">Men's National Team</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saber_Kazemi" title="Saber Kazemi">Saber Kazemi</a>, volleyball player from Iran, who plays as an opposite spiker for the Men's National Team</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezzatollah_Pourghaz" title="Ezzatollah Pourghaz">Ezzatollah Pourghaz</a>, Iranian <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">footballer</a> who plays for <a href="/wiki/Esteghlal_Khuzestan" class="mw-redirect" title="Esteghlal Khuzestan">Esteghlal Khuzestan</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Persian_Gulf_Pro_League" title="Persian Gulf Pro League">Persian Gulf Pro League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omid_Kokabee" title="Omid Kokabee">Omid Kokabee</a>, experimental laser physicist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramin_Nourqolipour" title="Ramin Nourqolipour">Ramin Nourqolipour</a>, Iranian Turkmen politician and scientist who represented a part of Iranian Turkmen community in <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Consultative_Assembly" title="Islamic Consultative Assembly">Iranian Parliament</a> for four years between 2016 and 2020</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iranian_Turkmens&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkmen_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkmen people">Turkmens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkmen_tribes" title="Turkmen tribes">Turkmen tribes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkmen_Sahra" title="Turkmen Sahra">Turkmen Sahra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkoman_horse" title="Turkoman horse">Turkoman horse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Turkmenistan" title="Music of Turkmenistan">Music of Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Turks" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian Turks">Iranian Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_Turkmens" title="Afghan Turkmens">Afghan Turkmens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nader_Shah" title="Nader Shah">Nader Shah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afsharid_dynasty" title="Afsharid dynasty">Afsharid Dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afsharid_Iran" title="Afsharid Iran">Afsharid Iran</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iranian_Turkmens&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Arakelova-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Arakelova_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFArakelova2015" class="citation journal cs1">Arakelova, Victoria (2015). "On the Number of Iranian Turkophones". <i>Iran and the Caucasus</i>. <b>19</b> (3): 279. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F1573384X-20150306">10.1163/1573384X-20150306</a>. <q>The main body of the Iranian Turkophone mass generally consists of two parts: proper Turkic groups—the Turkmen (from 0,5 to 1 million), partially the Qashqays (around 300,000), as well as Khalajes (currently Persian-speakers living in Save, near Tehran); and the Turkic-speaking population of the Iranian origin, predominantly the Azaris, inhabiting the north-west provinces of Iran roughly covering historical Aturpātakān.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Iran+and+the+Caucasus&rft.atitle=On+the+Number+of+Iranian+Turkophones&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=279&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F1573384X-20150306&rft.aulast=Arakelova&rft.aufirst=Victoria&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIranian+Turkmens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ethnologue-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ethnologue_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/country/IR/status#People">"Ethnologue"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 August</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ethnologue&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ethnologue.com%2Fcountry%2FIR%2Fstatus%23People&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIranian+Turkmens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/iran/">CIA World Factbook Iran</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPotter2014" class="citation book cs1">Potter, Lawrence G. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=50pRBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA290"><i>Sectarian Politics in the Persian Gulf</i></a>. Oxford University Press. p. 290. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-937726-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-937726-8"><bdi>978-0-19-937726-8</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sectarian+Politics+in+the+Persian+Gulf&rft.pages=290&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0-19-937726-8&rft.aulast=Potter&rft.aufirst=Lawrence+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D50pRBAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA290&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIranian+Turkmens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJoan_Allgrove1975" class="citation journal cs1">Joan Allgrove (1975). "Turcoman Finery". <i>Costume</i>. <b>9</b> (1). Routledge: 49. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0590-8876">0590-8876</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Costume&rft.atitle=Turcoman+Finery&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=49&rft.date=1975&rft.issn=0590-8876&rft.au=Joan+Allgrove&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIranian+Turkmens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLogashova1976" class="citation book cs1">Logashova, Bibi (1976). <i>Turkmens of Iran (historical and ethnographic study)</i>. Nauka (Science). p. 14.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Turkmens+of+Iran+%28historical+and+ethnographic+study%29&rft.pages=14&rft.pub=Nauka+%28Science%29&rft.date=1976&rft.aulast=Logashova&rft.aufirst=Bibi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIranian+Turkmens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGolden1996" class="citation book cs1">Golden, Peter (1996). Suny, Ronald G. (ed.). <i>The Turkic peoples and Caucasia, Transcaucasia, Nationalism and Social Change: Essays in the History of Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia</i>. Michigan. pp. 45–67.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Turkic+peoples+and+Caucasia%2C+Transcaucasia%2C+Nationalism+and+Social+Change%3A+Essays+in+the+History+of+Armenia%2C+Azerbaijan%2C+and+Georgia&rft.place=Michigan&rft.pages=45-67&rft.date=1996&rft.aulast=Golden&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIranian+Turkmens" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAhmadi2013" class="citation journal cs1">Ahmadi, Hamid (2013). "Political Elites and the Question of Ethnicity and Democracy in Iran: A Critical View". <i>Iran and the Caucasus</i>. <b>17</b> (1): 82. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F1573384X-20130106">10.1163/1573384X-20130106</a>. <q>Perhaps, the main heterogeneous group within the demographic texture of Iran are Turkmens who immigrated to the area at the turn of the I-II millennia A.D.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Iran+and+the+Caucasus&rft.atitle=Political+Elites+and+the+Question+of+Ethnicity+and+Democracy+in+Iran%3A+A+Critical+View&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=82&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F1573384X-20130106&rft.aulast=Ahmadi&rft.aufirst=Hamid&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIranian+Turkmens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELogashova197615–16-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELogashova197615–16_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELogashova197615–16_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLogashova1976">Logashova 1976</a>, pp. 15–16.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMannanov196425-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMannanov196425_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMannanov1964">Mannanov 1964</a>, p. 25.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMannanov1964" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Mannanov, B (1964). <i>From the stories of the Perso-Russian relations of the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th centuries</i> (in Russian). Tashkent: Nauka, Uzbek SSR. pp. 26–27.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+the+stories+of+the+Perso-Russian+relations+of+the+end+of+the+19th+and+the+beginning+of+the+20th+centuries&rft.place=Tashkent&rft.pages=26-27&rft.pub=Nauka%2C+Uzbek+SSR&rft.date=1964&rft.aulast=Mannanov&rft.aufirst=B&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIranian+Turkmens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Irons, W. (1969). The Turkmen of Iran: A Brief Research Report. Iranian Studies, 2(1), 27-38. doi:10.1080/00210866908701372</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://celcar.indiana.edu/materials/language-portal/turkmen/index.html">"Turkmen"</a>. <i>Center for Languages of the Central Asian Region</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">Aug 8,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Center+for+Languages+of+the+Central+Asian+Region&rft.atitle=Turkmen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcelcar.indiana.edu%2Fmaterials%2Flanguage-portal%2Fturkmen%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIranian+Turkmens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldpopulationreview.com/languages/afghanistan">"What Languages do People Speak in Afghanistan?"</a>. <i>worldpopulationreview.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">Aug 8,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=worldpopulationreview.com&rft.atitle=What+Languages+do+People+Speak+in+Afghanistan%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fworldpopulationreview.com%2Flanguages%2Fafghanistan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIranian+Turkmens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://omniglot.com/writing/turkmen.htm">"Turkmen language, alphabets and pronunciation"</a>. <i>omniglot.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">Aug 8,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=omniglot.com&rft.atitle=Turkmen+language%2C+alphabets+and+pronunciation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fomniglot.com%2Fwriting%2Fturkmen.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIranian+Turkmens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iranian_Turkmens&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bayragh.ir/">Encyclopedia Iranian Turkmen </a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.turkmensahra.com/">TurkmenSahra</a></li></ul> <div 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ethnic_groups_in_Iran" title="Template:Ethnic groups in Iran"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ethnic_groups_in_Iran" title="Template talk:Ethnic groups in Iran"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ethnic_groups_in_Iran" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ethnic groups in Iran"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ethnic_groups_in_Iran" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic groups in Iran">Ethnic groups in Iran</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persians" title="Persians">Persians</a> 53%</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Azerbaijanis" title="Iranian Azerbaijanis">Azerbaijanis</a> 16%</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurds_in_Iran" title="Kurds in Iran">Kurds</a> 10%</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilaks" title="Gilaks">Gilaks</a> 4%</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazandaranis" class="mw-redirect" title="Mazandaranis">Mazandaranis</a> 4%</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lurs" title="Lurs">Lurs</a> 6%</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Arabs" title="Iranian Arabs">Arabs</a> 2%</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baloch_people_in_Iran" title="Baloch people in Iran">Balochs</a> 2%</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Turkmen" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian Turkmen">Turkmens</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Iranian_Turks" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian Turks">Turkic people</a> 2%</li> <li>Others 1% <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Talysh_people" title="Talysh people"><span style="font-size:85%;">Talysh</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tat_people_(Iran)" title="Tat people (Iran)"><span style="font-size:85%;">Tats</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Armenians" title="Iranian Armenians"><span style="font-size:85%;">Armenians</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Georgians" title="Iranian Georgians"><span style="font-size:85%;">Georgians</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Assyrians" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian Assyrians"><span style="font-size:85%;">Assyrians</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circassians_in_Iran" title="Circassians in Iran"><span style="font-size:85%;">Circassians</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_Jews" class="mw-redirect" title="Persian Jews"><span style="font-size:85%;">Jews</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afro-Iranians" title="Afro-Iranians">Afro-Iranians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zargari_tribe" title="Zargari tribe"><span style="font-size:85%;">Zagari</span></a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Iranian_Turkmens&oldid=1252949954">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Iranian_Turkmens&oldid=1252949954</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ethnic_Turkmen_people" title="Category:Ethnic Turkmen people">Ethnic Turkmen people</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ethnic_groups_in_Iran" title="Category:Ethnic groups in Iran">Ethnic groups in Iran</a></li><li><a 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