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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Afro-Iranians</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above nickname" style="font-size:115%; font-weight:normal;"><div>ایرانیان آفریقایی‌تبار</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Toup_huts_in_Lashar_village,_Iran.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Toup_huts_in_Lashar_village%2C_Iran.jpg/220px-Toup_huts_in_Lashar_village%2C_Iran.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Toup_huts_in_Lashar_village%2C_Iran.jpg/330px-Toup_huts_in_Lashar_village%2C_Iran.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Toup_huts_in_Lashar_village%2C_Iran.jpg/440px-Toup_huts_in_Lashar_village%2C_Iran.jpg 2x" data-file-width="530" data-file-height="334" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Huts in the Afro-Iranian village of <a href="/wiki/Lashar" title="Lashar">Lashar</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Regions with significant populations</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Sistan_and_Baluchestan_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Sistan and Baluchestan Province">Sistan and Balochestan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hormozgan_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Hormozgan Province">Hormozgan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bushehr_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Bushehr Province">Bushehr</a>, <a href="/wiki/Khuzestan_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Khuzestan Province">Khuzestan</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Languages</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Majority <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>, minority <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Balochi_language" title="Balochi language">Balochi</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Religion</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> (predominantly <a href="/wiki/Shia_Islam" title="Shia Islam">Shia</a>; <a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni</a>)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Related ethnic groups</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Zanj" title="Zanj">Zanj</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks plainlist" style="width:16.0em;"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="background:#ccccff;"><a href="/wiki/Black_people" title="Black people">Black people</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddddff;"> <a href="/wiki/African_diaspora" title="African diaspora">African diaspora</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.6em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_diaspora_in_the_Americas" title="African diaspora in the Americas">Americas</a></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Black_Canadians" title="Black Canadians">Canada</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Afro-Caribbean" class="mw-redirect" title="Afro-Caribbean">Caribbean</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Afro-Latin_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="Afro-Latin Americans">Latin America</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/African_Americans" title="African Americans">United States</a></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afro-Arab" class="mw-redirect" title="Afro-Arab">Arab world</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Australians" title="African Australians">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_immigration_to_Europe" title="African immigration to Europe">Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siddi" title="Siddi">India and Pakistan</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afro-Turks" title="Afro-Turks">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Africans_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Africans in Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_New_Zealanders" title="African New Zealanders">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Africans_in_Malaysia" title="Africans in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Indonesians" title="African Indonesians">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_immigration_to_Israel" title="African immigration to Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_people_in_Japan" title="Black people in Japan">Japan</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddddff;"> Asia-Pacific</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.6em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Australians" title="Indigenous Australians">Indigenous Australians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melanesians" title="Melanesians">Melanesians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negrito" title="Negrito">Negrito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papuans" class="mw-redirect" title="Papuans">Papuans</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddddff;"> African-derived culture</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.6em;"> <ul><li><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em; line-height:1.15em;"><a href="/wiki/African-American_art" title="African-American art">African-American art</a></div></li> <li><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em; line-height:1.15em;"><a href="/wiki/Black_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Black music">Black music</a></div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afro-American_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Afro-American religion">Afro-American religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_culture" title="African-American culture">African-American culture</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddddff;"> History</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.6em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African-American_history" title="African-American history">African-American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afro-Caribbean_history" title="Afro-Caribbean history">Afro-Caribbean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Indigenous_Australians" title="History of Indigenous Australians">Indigenous Australian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trans-Saharan_slave_trade" title="Trans-Saharan slave trade">Trans-Saharan slave trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_African_slave_trade" class="mw-redirect" title="East African slave trade">East African slave trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_slave_trade" title="Atlantic slave trade">Atlantic slave trade</a></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Triangular_trade" title="Triangular trade">Triangular trade</a></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Africa" title="Islam in Africa">Muslim conquests</a></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Islamization_of_the_Sudan_region" title="Islamization of the Sudan region">Sahel and Sudan</a></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scramble_for_Africa" title="Scramble for Africa">Scramble for Africa</a></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Assimilado" title="Assimilado">Assimilados</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/%C3%89volu%C3%A9" title="Évolué">Évolués</a></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bantu_expansion" title="Bantu expansion">Bantu expansion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackbirding" title="Blackbirding">Blackbirding</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddddff;"> <a href="/wiki/Category:Race_(human_categorization)" title="Category:Race (human categorization)">Race-related</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.6em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Race_(human_categorization)" title="Race (human categorization)">Race (human categorization)</a></li> <li><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em; line-height:1.15em;">Race <div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Race_and_ethnicity_in_Brazil" title="Race and ethnicity in Brazil">in Brazil</a></span></li><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States" title="Race and ethnicity in the United States">in the United States</a></span></li></ul></div></div></li> <li><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em; line-height:1.15em;"><a href="/wiki/Race_and_health" title="Race and health">Race and health</a> <div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Race_and_health_in_the_United_States" title="Race and health in the United States">in the United States</a></span></li><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_health_in_Australia" title="Indigenous health in Australia">in Australia</a></span></li></ul></div></div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Race_and_sports" title="Race and sports">Race and sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_race_concepts" title="Historical race concepts">Historical race concepts</a></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Australo-Melanesian" title="Australo-Melanesian">Australoid race</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Negroid" title="Negroid">Negroid race</a></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_pride" title="Black pride">Black pride</a></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Black_is_beautiful" title="Black is beautiful">Black is beautiful</a></small></li> <li><small><i><a href="/wiki/N%C3%A9gritude" title="Négritude">Négritude</a></i></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negrophobia" class="mw-redirect" title="Negrophobia">Negrophobia</a></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Apartheid" title="Apartheid">Apartheid</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Colorism" class="mw-redirect" title="Colorism">Colorism</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Jim_Crow_laws" title="Jim Crow laws">Jim Crow laws</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Racial_profiling" title="Racial profiling">Racial profiling</a></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_whitening" class="mw-redirect" title="Racial whitening">Racial whitening</a></li> <li><small><i><a href="/wiki/Blanqueamiento" title="Blanqueamiento">Blanqueamiento</a></i></small></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddddff;"> Related topics</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.6em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_black_people" title="Lists of black people">Lists of black people</a></li></ul> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="map" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/16px-Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/24px-Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/32px-Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="550" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Africa" title="Portal:Africa">Africa portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%8B.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%8B.png/16px-%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%8B.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%8B.png/24px-%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%8B.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%8B.png/32px-%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%8B.png 2x" data-file-width="756" data-file-height="617" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Oceania" title="Portal:Oceania">Oceania portal</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Black_people_sidebar" title="Template:Black people sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Black_people_sidebar" title="Template talk:Black people sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Black_people_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Black people sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Afro-Iranians</b> (<a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>: <span lang="fa" dir="rtl">ایرانیان آفریقایی‌تبار</span>) are <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iranian</a> people of <a href="/wiki/Sub-Saharan_Africa" title="Sub-Saharan Africa">African</a> <a href="/wiki/Zanj" title="Zanj">Zanj</a> heritage. Most Afro-Iranians are concentrated in the coastal provinces of <a href="/wiki/Persian_Gulf" title="Persian Gulf">Persian Gulf</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Hormozgan_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Hormozgan Province">Hormozagan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sistan_and_Baluchestan_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Sistan and Baluchestan Province">Sistan and Baluchestan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bushehr_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Bushehr Province">Bushehr</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Khuzestan_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Khuzestan Province">Khuzestan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Afro-Iranians&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Oil_painting_on_canvas._%E2%80%98An_Afro-Iranian_Soldier%E2%80%99,_Iran,_Isfahan;_last_quarter_of_the_17th_century.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Oil_painting_on_canvas._%E2%80%98An_Afro-Iranian_Soldier%E2%80%99%2C_Iran%2C_Isfahan%3B_last_quarter_of_the_17th_century.jpg/220px-Oil_painting_on_canvas._%E2%80%98An_Afro-Iranian_Soldier%E2%80%99%2C_Iran%2C_Isfahan%3B_last_quarter_of_the_17th_century.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="341" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Oil_painting_on_canvas._%E2%80%98An_Afro-Iranian_Soldier%E2%80%99%2C_Iran%2C_Isfahan%3B_last_quarter_of_the_17th_century.jpg/330px-Oil_painting_on_canvas._%E2%80%98An_Afro-Iranian_Soldier%E2%80%99%2C_Iran%2C_Isfahan%3B_last_quarter_of_the_17th_century.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Oil_painting_on_canvas._%E2%80%98An_Afro-Iranian_Soldier%E2%80%99%2C_Iran%2C_Isfahan%3B_last_quarter_of_the_17th_century.jpg/440px-Oil_painting_on_canvas._%E2%80%98An_Afro-Iranian_Soldier%E2%80%99%2C_Iran%2C_Isfahan%3B_last_quarter_of_the_17th_century.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5043" data-file-height="7808" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Safavid_art" title="Safavid art">Safavid oil painting</a> of an African soldier in <a href="/wiki/Safavid_Iran" title="Safavid Iran">Safavid Iran</a>. Created in <a href="/wiki/Isfahan" title="Isfahan">Isfahan</a> in the last quarter of the 17th century, the figure was most likely a slave soldier in Safavid Iran's <a href="/wiki/Musketeer" title="Musketeer">musketeer</a> corps</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean_slave_trade" title="Indian Ocean slave trade">Indian Ocean slave trade</a> was multi-directional and changed over time. To meet the demand for menial labor, enslaved black people who were captured by <a href="/wiki/Arab" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab">Arab</a> slave traders were sold in cumulatively large numbers over centuries to; the <a href="/wiki/Persian_Gulf" title="Persian Gulf">Persian Gulf</a>, <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arabia" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabia">Arabia</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Far_East" title="Far East">Far East</a>, the <a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_in_the_Indian_Ocean" title="List of islands in the Indian Ocean">Indian Ocean islands</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Others came as immigrants throughout many millennia or from Portuguese slave traders who occupied most of the contested <a href="/wiki/Ormus" title="Ormus">Ormus</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Bandar_Abbas" title="Bandar Abbas">Bandar Abbas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hormuz_Island" title="Hormuz Island">Hormoz</a> and <a href="/wiki/Qeshm_Island" title="Qeshm Island">Qeshm</a> island ports in southern Iran by early <a href="/wiki/16th_century" title="16th century">16th century</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During <a href="/wiki/Qajar_Iran" title="Qajar Iran">Qajar rule</a>, many wealthy households imported Black African women and children to perform domestic work alongside Eastern European Circassian slaves. This was largely drawn from the <i><a href="/wiki/Zanj" title="Zanj">Zanj</a></i>, who were <a href="/wiki/Bantu_languages" title="Bantu languages">Bantu</a>-speaking peoples that lived alongside <a href="/wiki/African_Great_Lakes" title="African Great Lakes">Southeast Africa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Bagley_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bagley-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In an area roughly comprising modern-day <a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a> and <a href="/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi">Malawi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ogot_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ogot-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under British pressure, <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Shah_Qajar" title="Mohammad Shah Qajar">Mohammad Shah Qajar</a> issued a <i><a href="/wiki/Firman_(decree)" class="mw-redirect" title="Firman (decree)">firman</a></i> suppressing slave trade in 1848.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_Afro-Iranians">Notable Afro-Iranians</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Afro-Iranians&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Notable Afro-Iranians"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdolreza_Barzegari" title="Abdolreza Barzegari">Abdolreza Barzegari</a>, footballer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Karim_Farhani" title="Abdul Karim Farhani">Abdul Karim Farhani</a>, Iranian Shia cleric, Assembly of Experts member</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Firouzi" title="Ali Firouzi">Ali Firouzi</a>, footballer and coach</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehrab_Shahrokhi" title="Mehrab Shahrokhi">Mehrab Shahrokhi</a>, footballer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Ali_Mousavi_Jazayeri" title="Mohammad Ali Mousavi Jazayeri">Mohammad Ali Mousavi Jazayeri</a>, Iranian Shia cleric, Assembly of Experts member (Afro-Ahwazi Arab)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanbehzadeh_Ensemble" title="Shanbehzadeh Ensemble">Shanbehzadeh Ensemble</a>, Iranian folk band</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Walker_(footballer)" title="Dennis Walker (footballer)">Dennis Walker</a>, footballer of Afro-Iranian descent, first black player to play for <a href="/wiki/Manchester_United_F.C." title="Manchester United F.C.">Manchester United</a><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Afro-Iranians&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/32px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/48px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/64px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Iran" title="Portal:Iran">Iran portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="map" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/28px-Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" 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title="Afro-Arabs">Afro-Arabs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afro-Turks" title="Afro-Turks">Afro-Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Iran" title="Slavery in Iran">Slavery in Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haji_Firuz" class="mw-redirect" title="Haji Firuz">Haji Firuz</a>, fictional blackface character in <a href="/wiki/Iranian_folklore" title="Iranian folklore">Iranian folklore</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Afro-Iranians&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Ehsaei, Mahdi (2015) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.afro-iran.com/">"Afro-Iran"</a>, Heidelberg: <a href="/wiki/Kehrer_Verlag" title="Kehrer Verlag">Kehrer Verlag</a>, <style 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.cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-86828-655-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-86828-655-7">978-3-86828-655-7</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhosronejad2018" class="citation cs2">Khosronejad, Pedram (2018), "Unveiling the Veiled: Royal Consorts, Slaves and Prostitutes in Qajar Photographs.", <i>Exhibition Catalogue</i>: 44 pp</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Exhibition+Catalogue&rft.atitle=Unveiling+the+Veiled%3A+Royal+Consorts%2C+Slaves+and+Prostitutes+in+Qajar+Photographs.&rft.pages=44+pp&rft.date=2018&rft.aulast=Khosronejad&rft.aufirst=Pedram&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAfro-Iranians" class="Z3988"></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/Unveiling-Veiled-Consorts-Prostitutes-Photographs/dp/1727627199/ref=sr_1_3?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1540507219&sr=1-3&refinements=p_27%3APedram+Khosronejad/">"Unveiling the Veiled"</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhosronejad2018" class="citation cs2">Khosronejad, Pedram (2018), "Re-imagining Iranian African Slavery: photography as material Culture.", <i>Exhibition Catalogue</i>: 24 pp</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Exhibition+Catalogue&rft.atitle=Re-imagining+Iranian+African+Slavery%3A+photography+as+material+Culture.&rft.pages=24+pp&rft.date=2018&rft.aulast=Khosronejad&rft.aufirst=Pedram&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAfro-Iranians" class="Z3988"></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/Re-imagining-Iranian-African-Slavery-photography/dp/1720395489/ref=sr_1_4?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1540507219&sr=1-4&refinements=p_27%3APedram+Khosronejad/">"Re-imagining Iranian African Slavery: photography as material Culture"</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhosronejad2017" class="citation cs2">Khosronejad, Pedram (2017), "Qajar African Nannies: African Slaves and Aristocratic Babies.", <i>Visual Studies of Modern Iran</i>, <b>1</b>: 70 pp</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Visual+Studies+of+Modern+Iran&rft.atitle=Qajar+African+Nannies%3A+African+Slaves+and+Aristocratic+Babies.&rft.volume=1&rft.pages=70+pp&rft.date=2017&rft.aulast=Khosronejad&rft.aufirst=Pedram&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAfro-Iranians" class="Z3988"></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/Qajar-African-Nannies-Aristocratic-Studies/dp/0999480103/ref=sr_1_5?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1540507219&sr=1-5&refinements=p_27%3APedram+Khosronejad/">"Qajar African Nannies"</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhosronejad2016" class="citation cs2">Khosronejad, Pedram (2016), "Out of Focus, Photography of African Slavery in Qajar Iran.", <i>The Anthropology of the Contemporary Middle East and Central Eurasia</i>, <b>4</b>: 1–31</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Anthropology+of+the+Contemporary+Middle+East+and+Central+Eurasia&rft.atitle=Out+of+Focus%2C+Photography+of+African+Slavery+in+Qajar+Iran.&rft.volume=4&rft.pages=1-31&rft.date=2016&rft.aulast=Khosronejad&rft.aufirst=Pedram&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAfro-Iranians" class="Z3988"></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.acmejournal.org/index.php/ACME/">"Out of Focus, Photography of African Slavery in Qajar Iran"</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhosronejad2016" class="citation cs2">Khosronejad, Pedram (2016), "Photography of African Slavery in Iran.", <i>The Guardian</i>: Interview of Dr. Louise Siddons, Associate Professor of Art History (Department of Art, Oklahoma State University) with Dr. Pedram Khosronejad</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Photography+of+African+Slavery+in+Iran.&rft.pages=Interview+of+Dr.+Louise+Siddons%2C+Associate+Professor+of+Art+History+%28Department+of+Art%2C+Oklahoma+State+University%29+with+Dr.+Pedram+Khosronejad&rft.date=2016&rft.aulast=Khosronejad&rft.aufirst=Pedram&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAfro-Iranians" class="Z3988"></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vimeo.com/166420228/">"Photography of African Slavery in Iran"</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhosronejad2016" class="citation cs2">Khosronejad, Pedram (2016), "The face of African slavery in Qajar Iran – in pictures.", <i>The Guardian</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=The+face+of+African+slavery+in+Qajar+Iran+%E2%80%93+in+pictures.&rft.date=2016&rft.aulast=Khosronejad&rft.aufirst=Pedram&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAfro-Iranians" class="Z3988"></span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/iran-blog/2016/jan/14/african-slavery-in-qajar-iran-in-photos">/"The face of African slavery in Qajar Iran – in pictures"</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKornNourzaei2019" class="citation journal cs1">Korn, Agnes; Nourzaei, Maryam (2019). 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(2012), "Enslaved African Women in Nineteenth-Century Iran: The Life of Fezzeh Khanom of Shiraz.", <i>Iranian Studies</i>, <b>45:3</b> (3): 417–437, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00210862.2011.637769">10.1080/00210862.2011.637769</a>, <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:162036760">162036760</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Iranian+Studies&rft.atitle=Enslaved+African+Women+in+Nineteenth-Century+Iran%3A+The+Life+of+Fezzeh+Khanom+of+Shiraz.&rft.volume=45%3A3&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=417-437&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00210862.2011.637769&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A162036760%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=Anthony+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAfro-Iranians" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMirzai2002" class="citation cs2">Mirzai, B. A. (2002), "African presence in Iran: Identity and its reconstruction in the 19th and 20th centuries", <i>Revue française d'histoire d'outre-mer</i>, <b>89</b>: 336–337</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Revue+fran%C3%A7aise+d%27histoire+d%27outre-mer&rft.atitle=African+presence+in+Iran%3A+Identity+and+its+reconstruction+in+the+19th+and+20th+centuries&rft.volume=89&rft.pages=336-337&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Mirzai&rft.aufirst=B.+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAfro-Iranians" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTazmini2017" class="citation journal cs1">Tazmini, Ghoncheh (March 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/iranian-studies/article/persianportuguese-encounter-in-hormuz-orientalism-reconsidered/6062AE42222140A87E74539C60C86507">"The Persian–Portuguese Encounter in Hormuz: Orientalism Reconsidered"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Studies_(journal)" title="Iranian Studies (journal)">Iranian Studies</a></i>. <b>50</b> (2): 284.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Iranian+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Persian%E2%80%93Portuguese+Encounter+in+Hormuz%3A+Orientalism+Reconsidered&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=284&rft.date=2017-03&rft.aulast=Tazmini&rft.aufirst=Ghoncheh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridge.org%2Fcore%2Fjournals%2Firanian-studies%2Farticle%2Fpersianportuguese-encounter-in-hormuz-orientalism-reconsidered%2F6062AE42222140A87E74539C60C86507&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAfro-Iranians" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Afro-Iranians&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://2001-2009.state.gov/documents/organization/70712.pdf">"Centers of Power in Iran"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>CIA</i>. May 1972<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CIA&rft.atitle=Centers+of+Power+in+Iran&rft.date=1972-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2F2001-2009.state.gov%2Fdocuments%2Forganization%2F70712.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAfro-Iranians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mirzai, Behnaz. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.afroiranianlives.com/index.htm"><i>Afro-Iranian Lives (documentary film)</i></a>. afroiranianlives.com. Retrieved 23 November 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gwyn Campbell, <i>The Structure of Slavery in Indian Ocean Africa and Asia</i>, 1 edition, (Routledge: 2003), p.ix</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newafricanmagazine.com/16616/">"Recalling Africa's harrowing tale of its first slavers – The Arabs"</a>. <i>New African Magazine</i>. 27 March 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+African+Magazine&rft.atitle=Recalling+Africa%E2%80%99s+harrowing+tale+of+its+first+slavers+%E2%80%93+The+Arabs&rft.date=2018-03-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnewafricanmagazine.com%2F16616%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAfro-Iranians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tazmini, Ghoncheh. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080/00210862.2016.1263542">"The Persian–Portuguese Encounter in Hormuz: Orientalism Reconsidered"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Association_for_Iranian_Studies" title="Association for Iranian Studies">Association for Iranian Studies</a></i>. 1 March 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Association+for+Iranian+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Persian%E2%80%93Portuguese+Encounter+in+Hormuz%3A+Orientalism+Reconsidered&rft.date=2017-03-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1080%2F00210862.2016.1263542&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAfro-Iranians" class="Z3988"></span> (<a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>: 1 January 2022), vol. 50, no. 2, pp. 284. Retrieved 6 March 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bagley-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bagley_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">F.R.C. Bagley et al., <i>The Last Great Muslim Empires</i>, (Brill: 1997), p.174</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ogot-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ogot_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bethwell A. Ogot, <i>Zamani: A Survey of East African History</i>, (East African Publishing House: 1974), p.104</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150329120422/http://portal.unesco.org/culture/en/files/38508/12480962345Disputed_Freedom.pdf/Disputed%2BFreedom.pdf">"UNESCO: Fugitive Slaves, Asylum and Manumission in Iran (1851 – 1913)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://portal.unesco.org/culture/en/files/38508/12480962345Disputed_Freedom.pdf/Disputed%2BFreedom.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 29 March 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 April</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UNESCO%3A+Fugitive+Slaves%2C+Asylum+and+Manumission+in+Iran+%281851+%E2%80%93+1913%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fportal.unesco.org%2Fculture%2Fen%2Ffiles%2F38508%2F12480962345Disputed_Freedom.pdf%2FDisputed%252BFreedom.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAfro-Iranians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHernGleave2020" class="citation web cs1">Hern, Bill; Gleave, David (30 October 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/football/2020/oct/30/dennis-walker-manchester-united-first-and-only-black-busby-babe">"Dennis Walker: Manchester United's first and only black Busby Babe"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Theguardian.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Theguardian.com">theguardian.com</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=theguardian.com&rft.atitle=Dennis+Walker%3A+Manchester+United%27s+first+and+only+black+Busby+Babe&rft.date=2020-10-30&rft.aulast=Hern&rft.aufirst=Bill&rft.au=Gleave%2C+David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Ffootball%2F2020%2Foct%2F30%2Fdennis-walker-manchester-united-first-and-only-black-busby-babe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAfro-Iranians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Afro-Iranians&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.afroiranianlives.com/">Afro-Iranian Lives</a> (a documentary film by: Behnaz Mirzai)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.afro-iran.com/">Afro-Iran</a> (an ethnographic photography project and book by: Mahdi Ehsaei)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/34355545/Afro-Iranians_through_the_Lens_of_Documentarists/">Afro-Iranians through the Lens of Documentarists</a> (Review of Behnaz Mirzais' documentaries by: Pedram Khosronejad)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/35256911/Mirzai_Behnaz_A._A_History_of_Slavery_and_Emancipation_in_Iran_1800_1929_Reviewed_by_Pedram_Khosronejad/">A History of Slavery and Emancipation in Iran, 1800–1929</a> (Review of Behnaz Mirzai's Book by: Pedram Khosronejad)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ethnic_groups_in_Iran" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ethnic_groups_in_Iran" title="Template:Ethnic groups in Iran"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ethnic_groups_in_Iran" title="Template talk:Ethnic groups in Iran"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ethnic_groups_in_Iran" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ethnic groups in Iran"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ethnic_groups_in_Iran" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic groups in Iran">Ethnic groups in Iran</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Locals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persians" title="Persians">Persians</a> 53%</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Azerbaijanis" title="Iranian Azerbaijanis">Azerbaijanis</a> 16%</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurds_in_Iran" title="Kurds in Iran">Kurds</a> 10%</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilaks" title="Gilaks">Gilaks</a> 4%</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazandaranis" class="mw-redirect" title="Mazandaranis">Mazandaranis</a> 4%</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lurs" title="Lurs">Lurs</a> 6%</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Arabs" title="Iranian Arabs">Arabs</a> 2%</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baloch_people_in_Iran" title="Baloch people in Iran">Balochs</a> 2%</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Turkmen" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian Turkmen">Turkmens</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Iranian_Turks" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian Turks">Turkic people</a> 2%</li> <li>Others 1% <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Talysh_people" title="Talysh people"><span style="font-size:85%;">Talysh</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tat_people_(Iran)" title="Tat people (Iran)"><span style="font-size:85%;">Tats</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Armenians" title="Iranian Armenians"><span style="font-size:85%;">Armenians</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Georgians" title="Iranian Georgians"><span style="font-size:85%;">Georgians</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Assyrians" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian Assyrians"><span style="font-size:85%;">Assyrians</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circassians_in_Iran" title="Circassians in Iran"><span style="font-size:85%;">Circassians</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_Jews" class="mw-redirect" title="Persian Jews"><span style="font-size:85%;">Jews</span></a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Afro-Iranians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zargari_tribe" title="Zargari tribe"><span style="font-size:85%;">Zagari</span></a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Immigrants and expatriates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Immigration_to_Iran" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks adr mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Immigration_to_Iran" title="Template:Immigration to Iran"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Immigration_to_Iran" title="Template talk:Immigration to Iran"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Immigration_to_Iran" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Immigration to Iran"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Immigration_to_Iran" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Immigration to <span class="country-name"><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghans_in_Iran" title="Afghans in Iran">Afghans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_people_in_Iran" title="Chinese people in Iran">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Iran" title="Indians in Iran">Indians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Iraqis" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian Iraqis">Iraqis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_people_in_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Lebanese people in Iran">Lebanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Kazakhs" title="Iranian Kazakhs">Kazakhs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_Iran" title="Koreans in Iran">Koreans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russians_in_Iran" title="Russians in Iran">Russians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistanis_in_Iran" title="Pakistanis in Iran">Pakistanis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poles_in_Iran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Poles in Iran (page does not exist)">Poles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Iran" title="Demographics of Iran">Demographics of Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_minorities_in_Iran" title="Ethnic minorities in Iran">Ethnic minorities in Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_trafficking_in_Iran" title="Human trafficking in Iran">Human trafficking in Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_citizens_abroad" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian citizens abroad">Iranian citizens abroad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Emigration_from_Africa" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Emigration_from_Africa" title="Template:Emigration from Africa"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Emigration_from_Africa" title="Template talk:Emigration from Africa"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Emigration_from_Africa" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Emigration from Africa"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Emigration_from_Africa" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Emigration_from_Africa" title="Emigration from Africa">Emigration from Africa</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_immigration_to_Canada" title="African immigration to Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_immigration_to_Latin_America" title="African immigration to Latin America">Latin America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_immigration_to_the_United_States" title="African immigration to the United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/African_immigration_to_Europe" title="African immigration to Europe">Europe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afro-Belgian" class="mw-redirect" title="Afro-Belgian">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_immigration_to_Finland" class="mw-redirect" title="African immigration to Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_immigration_to_France" class="mw-redirect" title="African immigration to France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afro-Germans" title="Afro-Germans">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_immigrants_to_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="African immigrants to Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_people_in_Ireland" title="Black people in Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_emigrants_to_Italy" title="African emigrants to Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afro-Dutch" class="mw-redirect" title="Afro-Dutch">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_immigration_to_Norway" title="African immigration to Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afro-Polish" class="mw-redirect" title="Afro-Polish">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afro-Portuguese_people" title="Afro-Portuguese people">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afro-Romanian" class="mw-redirect" title="Afro-Romanian">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afro-Russians" title="Afro-Russians">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afro-Spaniard" class="mw-redirect" title="Afro-Spaniard">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_immigrants_to_Sweden" title="African immigrants to Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_immigrants_to_Switzerland" title="African immigrants to Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afro-Turks" title="Afro-Turks">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afro-Ukrainians" title="Afro-Ukrainians">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_British_people" title="Black British people">United Kingdom</a> (<a href="/wiki/Black_Scottish_people" title="Black Scottish people">Scotland</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Afro-Asian" class="mw-redirect" title="Afro-Asian">Asia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Africans_in_Guangzhou" title="Africans in Guangzhou">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Africans_in_Hong_Kong" title="Africans in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Indonesians" title="African Indonesians">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Iran</a></li> <li><a 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