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Ethical Questions across Moments of Text, Production, and Reception" /> <meta name="citation_publication_date" content="2012" /> <meta name="citation_journal_title" content="Television &amp; New Media" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Jonathan Corpus Ong" /> <meta name="citation_volume" content="15" /> <meta name="citation_issue" content="3" /> <meta name="citation_firstpage" content="179-196" /> <meta name="citation_issn" content="1527-4764" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /> <meta name="twitter:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/1254551/Ong_J_C_2012_Witnessing_or_Mediating_Distant_Suffering_Ethical_Questions_across_Moments_of_Text_Production_and_Reception_Television_and_New_Media_Published_Online_First_24_August_2012" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Ong, J.C. (2012). 'Witnessing' or 'Mediating' Distant Suffering? Ethical Questions across Moments of Text, Production and Reception'. Television & New Media. 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Published Online First 24 August 2012." /> <meta property="og:image" content="http://a.academia-assets.com/images/open-graph-icons/fb-paper.gif" /> <meta property="og:description" content="This article identifies that the current literature on ‘distant suffering’ lacks a nuanced account of the relationship between televised representations of suffering and the audiences that encounter these in their everyday lives. Text-centered" /> <meta property="article:author" content="https://umass.academia.edu/JonathanCorpusOng" /> <meta name="description" content="This article identifies that the current literature on ‘distant suffering’ lacks a nuanced account of the relationship between televised representations of suffering and the audiences that encounter these in their everyday lives. Text-centered" /> <title>Ong, J.C. (2012). 'Witnessing' or 'Mediating' Distant Suffering? Ethical Questions across Moments of Text, Production and Reception'. Television & New Media. Published Online First 24 August 2012. | Jonathan Corpus Ong - Academia.edu</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/1254551/Ong_J_C_2012_Witnessing_or_Mediating_Distant_Suffering_Ethical_Questions_across_Moments_of_Text_Production_and_Reception_Television_and_New_Media_Published_Online_First_24_August_2012" /> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "single_work", 'action': "show", 'controller_action': 'single_work#show', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script> var $controller_name = 'single_work'; var $action_name = "show"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = '49879c2402910372f4abc62630a427bbe033d190'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.require = { config: function() { return function() {} } } </script> <script> window.Aedu = window.Aedu || {}; window.Aedu.hit_data = null; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1732418995000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1732418995000; </script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ScholarlyArticle","abstract":"This article identifies that the current literature on ‘distant suffering’ lacks a nuanced account of the relationship between televised representations of suffering and the audiences that encounter these in their everyday lives. Text-centered studies overemphasize how news narratives cause compassion fatigue, while audience-centered studies enumerate audience responses with inadequate references to the textual elements and social factors that shape these responses. While recent theorizations about ‘media witnessing’ have provided a guidepost in thinking about the ethical consequences of showing and seeing suffering in the media, it however obscures the normative from the descriptive, and universalizes the experience of the ‘witness’ it speaks about. To address these gaps and develop a holistic approach to examine televised suffering, the article proposes the use of mediation theory to account for the distinct ethical questions that arise from the specific ‘moments’ of mediation and how they should altogether inform the ethical critique of media.","author":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Jonathan Corpus Ong"}],"contributor":[],"dateCreated":"2012-06-24","dateModified":"2014-04-22","datePublished":null,"headline":"Ong, J.C. (2012). 'Witnessing' or 'Mediating' Distant Suffering? Ethical Questions across Moments of Text, Production and Reception'. Television \u0026 New Media. 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{"work":{"id":1254551,"created_at":"2012-06-24T20:52:40.531-07:00","from_world_paper_id":null,"updated_at":"2021-01-12T20:24:42.858-08:00","_data":{"abstract":"This article identifies that the current literature on ‘distant suffering’ lacks a nuanced account of the relationship between televised representations of suffering and the audiences that encounter these in their everyday lives. Text-centered studies overemphasize how news narratives cause compassion fatigue, while audience-centered studies enumerate audience responses with inadequate references to the textual elements and social factors that shape these responses. While recent theorizations about ‘media witnessing’ have provided a guidepost in thinking about the ethical consequences of showing and seeing suffering in the media, it however obscures the normative from the descriptive, and universalizes the experience of the ‘witness’ it speaks about. To address these gaps and develop a holistic approach to examine televised suffering, the article proposes the use of mediation theory to account for the distinct ethical questions that arise from the specific ‘moments’ of mediation and how they should altogether inform the ethical critique of media."},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":0,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Ong, J.C. (2012). 'Witnessing' or 'Mediating' Distant Suffering? Ethical Questions across Moments of Text, Production and Reception'. Television \u0026 New Media. Published Online First 24 August 2012.","broadcastable":true,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [74819]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "full_page_mobile_sutd_modal"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loswp.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon';</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":26730488,"attachmentType":""}"><img alt="First page of “Ong, J.C. (2012). 'Witnessing' or 'Mediating' Distant Suffering? Ethical Questions across Moments of Text, Production and Reception'. Television & New Media. Published Online First 24 August 2012.”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/26730488/mini_magick20190426-11297-f2u8r.png?1556347869" /><img alt="Academia Logo" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/academia-logo-redesign-2015-A-971495bd31377b9367f5ce5ca92bbc27dd8a843db989cbce3408389c670b62c0.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free </div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Ong, J.C. (2012). 'Witnessing' or 'Mediating' Distant Suffering? Ethical Questions across Moments of Text, Production and Reception'. Television & New Media. Published Online First 24 August 2012.</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="74819" href="https://umass.academia.edu/JonathanCorpusOng"><img alt="Profile image of Jonathan Corpus Ong" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/74819/20648/31145814/s65_jonathan.corpus_ong.jpg" />Jonathan Corpus Ong</a></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">This article identifies that the current literature on ‘distant suffering’ lacks a nuanced account of the relationship between televised representations of suffering and the audiences that encounter these in their everyday lives. Text-centered studies overemphasize how news narratives cause compassion fatigue, while audience-centered studies enumerate audience responses with inadequate references to the textual elements and social factors that shape these responses. While recent theorizations about ‘media witnessing’ have provided a guidepost in thinking about the ethical consequences of showing and seeing suffering in the media, it however obscures the normative from the descriptive, and universalizes the experience of the ‘witness’ it speaks about. To address these gaps and develop a holistic approach to examine televised suffering, the article proposes the use of mediation theory to account for the distinct ethical questions that arise from the specific ‘moments’ of mediation and how they should altogether inform the ethical critique of media.</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":26730488,"attachmentType":"","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/1254551/Ong_J_C_2012_Witnessing_or_Mediating_Distant_Suffering_Ethical_Questions_across_Moments_of_Text_Production_and_Reception_Television_and_New_Media_Published_Online_First_24_August_2012"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":26730488,"attachmentType":"","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/1254551/Ong_J_C_2012_Witnessing_or_Mediating_Distant_Suffering_Ethical_Questions_across_Moments_of_Text_Production_and_Reception_Television_and_New_Media_Published_Online_First_24_August_2012"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div></div><div data-auto_select="false" data-client_id="331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b" data-doc_id="26730488" data-landing_url="https://www.academia.edu/1254551/Ong_J_C_2012_Witnessing_or_Mediating_Distant_Suffering_Ethical_Questions_across_Moments_of_Text_Production_and_Reception_Television_and_New_Media_Published_Online_First_24_August_2012" data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><div class="ds-top-related-works--grid-container"><div class="ds-related-content--container ds-top-related-works--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="99703866" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/99703866/_Witnessing_or_Mediating_Distant_Suffering_Ethical_Questions_across_Moments_of_Text_Production_and_Reception">“Witnessing” or “Mediating” Distant Suffering? 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(2017) Conflict, Trauma and the Media: A Collection of Essays. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing., 2017</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">There is a consensus in the academic literature that Western audiences are disengaged from the human trauma they encounter in their everyday media use. Whether this is a product of the commercialisation of news or mediation itself is debated, but it is broadly agreed that ordinary people do not care as much as they should about faraway victims of conflict, war and injustice. Ongoing research investigates what can be done to reconnect audiences, which in theoretical terms hinges on the recognition of the full subjectivity of distant others. In particular, recent theorisations of violence drawing on Charles Taylor and ultimately Adam Smith have emphasised the role that imagination might play in fostering understanding of the subjective experience of conflict. In contrast, this paper contends that both the pathologisation of audience responses to mediated conflict and the remedies intended to shake people out of their indifference rest on a misconception of how the recognition of other subjectivities plays out in quotidian life. It does so by way of an investigation of the experience of media practitioners who self-evidently do care about others: journalists and media activists in Beirut, Lebanon, whose work focuses inter alia on the casualties and refugees of the war in neighbouring Syria. Seen at the level of the everyday, this experience can be similarly lacking in revelation, but its meaningfulness is not undermined by its banalities. 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href="https://www.academia.edu/34052448/Banal_Phenomenologies_of_Violence_Media_Work_Cultures_and_Audience_Engagement_with_Distant_Suffering"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="3161756" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3161756/The_symbolic_power_of_transnational_media_Managing_the_visibility_of_suffering">The symbolic power of transnational media Managing the visibility of suffering</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="3612065" href="https://lse.academia.edu/LilieChouliaraki">Lilie Chouliaraki</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Global Media and Communication, 2008</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The symbolic power of transnational media Managing the visibility of suffering","attachmentId":31148370,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/3161756/The_symbolic_power_of_transnational_media_Managing_the_visibility_of_suffering","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/3161756/The_symbolic_power_of_transnational_media_Managing_the_visibility_of_suffering"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="3161743" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3161743/The_spectatorship_of_suffering">The spectatorship of suffering</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="3612065" href="https://lse.academia.edu/LilieChouliaraki">Lilie Chouliaraki</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2006</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The spectatorship of suffering","attachmentId":31061237,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/3161743/The_spectatorship_of_suffering","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/3161743/The_spectatorship_of_suffering"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="2228929" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2228929/Watching_the_pain_of_others_audience_discourses_of_distant_suffering_in_Greece">Watching the pain of others: audience discourses of distant suffering in Greece</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2832802" href="https://eastanglia.academia.edu/MariaKyriakidou">Maria Kyriakidou</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2011</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Watching the pain of others: audience discourses of distant suffering in Greece","attachmentId":30281802,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/2228929/Watching_the_pain_of_others_audience_discourses_of_distant_suffering_in_Greece","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/2228929/Watching_the_pain_of_others_audience_discourses_of_distant_suffering_in_Greece"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="34636156" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/34636156/Witnessing_Suffering_at_a_Distance">Witnessing Suffering at a Distance</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="10925753" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MarteKlausen">Marte Klausen</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">A case study on felt moral responsibility and the urge to act This case study focuses on the concept of witnessing through a news image taken by photographer Ron Haviv. First establishing what witnessing is and how it is related to responsibility, it connects the term with media witnessing and applies the research of Peters (2001) to look at the image within the context of audience engagement and distant suffering. Arguing that while felt responsibility to act against suffering often depends on the witnesses' proximity to the victims, the power of an image as a witness and the possibility of witnessing through repetition and retrospect could lead to public action later, such as using Haviv's image as evidence in the International War Crimes Tribunal.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Witnessing Suffering at a Distance","attachmentId":54497630,"attachmentType":"docx","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/34636156/Witnessing_Suffering_at_a_Distance","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/34636156/Witnessing_Suffering_at_a_Distance"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="95115210" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/95115210/Global_Divides_in_Transnational_Media_Managing_the_Visibility_of_Suffering">Global Divides in Transnational Media Managing the Visibility of Suffering</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="3612065" href="https://lse.academia.edu/LilieChouliaraki">Lilie Chouliaraki</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">By empirically exploring variations in satellite news on human suffering, inlcuding the 2004 tsunami footage and the 2007 Burma demonstrations, this chapter argues that the symbolic power of trans-national broadcasting consists primarily in its capacity to manage the visibility of suffering so as to reproduce the moral deficiencies of global inequality. At the same time, however, it shows that there are certain conditions of possibility, techno- logical as well as symbolic, whereby satellite news stories may be able to produce a sense of moral agency that transcends the West, thereby constituting cosmopolitan communities of emotion and action.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Global Divides in Transnational Media Managing the Visibility of Suffering","attachmentId":97385791,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/95115210/Global_Divides_in_Transnational_Media_Managing_the_Visibility_of_Suffering","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/95115210/Global_Divides_in_Transnational_Media_Managing_the_Visibility_of_Suffering"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":26730488,"attachmentType":"","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":26730488,"attachmentType":"","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_26730488" style="display: none"><div class="scribd--being-converted-container">This document is currently being converted. 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