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One" /> <title>(PDF) THINKING THROUGH MEDIA THEORIES: UNDERSTANDING AND FURTHERING TRAUMA STUDIES1 | Science and Education Development Institute (SEDInst) and Khagendra Acharya - Academia.edu</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/16653099/THINKING_THROUGH_MEDIA_THEORIES_UNDERSTANDING_AND_FURTHERING_TRAUMA_STUDIES1" /> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "single_work", 'action': "show", 'controller_action': 'single_work#show', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script> var $controller_name = 'single_work'; var $action_name = "show"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = 'ca4e910d46e38122317a3848288563fbc11da57e'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.require = { config: function() { return function() {} } } </script> <script> window.Aedu = window.Aedu || {}; window.Aedu.hit_data = null; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1732748566000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1732748566000; </script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ScholarlyArticle","abstract":"Trauma studies, a field of cultural enquiry that boomed in a brief span of around a decade at the turn of 21st century, according to Marder, “has something of a privileged and paradoxical relationship to interdisciplinary studies” (2006, p. 1). One of the areas with which trauma maintains such frontier, which however has yet not drawn serious attention, is communication studies. To examine the nature of interdisciplinary connection, the paper: 1) revisits selected trauma theories setting them against major postulations in media and explores the nature of communication circuit assumed by some of the canonical trauma theories, and 2) spotlights on the applicability of the latter in understanding and opening up potential further theorization in the former. The paper begins with a brief outline of some major theoretical positions in trauma as well as in media based on the principle of reciprocal relevance. Then, it brings to light the insight of media that runs prominently but in distorted version in trauma theories to reveal how media theories paradoxically underlie in the postulations of literary trauma. Finally, it purposes possibility of interdisciplinary borrowing i.e., using George Gerbner’s communication model to apprehend issues in trauma studies in general and trauma narration in particular. KEY WORDS: trauma, media, interdisciplinary insight, Gerbner’s model","author":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Science and Education Development Institute (SEDInst)"},{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Khagendra Acharya"}],"contributor":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Khagendra Acharya"}],"dateCreated":"2015-10-11","dateModified":null,"datePublished":null,"headline":"THINKING THROUGH MEDIA THEORIES: UNDERSTANDING AND FURTHERING TRAUMA 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[{"id":39101654,"identifier":"Attachment_39101654","shouldShowBulkDownload":false}]; window.loswp.shouldDetectTimezone = true; window.loswp.shouldShowBulkDownload = true; window.loswp.showSignupCaptcha = false window.loswp.willEdgeCache = false; window.loswp.work = {"work":{"id":16653099,"created_at":"2015-10-11T04:47:46.612-07:00","from_world_paper_id":null,"updated_at":"2021-01-28T18:03:00.903-08:00","_data":{"abstract":"Trauma studies, a field of cultural enquiry that boomed in a brief span of around a decade at the turn of 21st century, according to Marder, “has something of a privileged and paradoxical relationship to interdisciplinary studies” (2006, p. 1). One of the areas with which trauma maintains such frontier, which however has yet not drawn serious attention, is communication studies. To examine the nature of interdisciplinary connection, the paper: 1) revisits selected trauma theories setting them against major postulations in media and explores the nature of communication circuit assumed by some of the canonical trauma theories, and 2) spotlights on the applicability of the latter in understanding and opening up potential further theorization in the former. The paper begins with a brief outline of some major theoretical positions in trauma as well as in media based on the principle of reciprocal relevance. Then, it brings to light the insight of media that runs prominently but in distorted version in trauma theories to reveal how media theories paradoxically underlie in the postulations of literary trauma. Finally, it purposes possibility of interdisciplinary borrowing i.e., using George Gerbner’s communication model to apprehend issues in trauma studies in general and trauma narration in particular. \n\nKEY WORDS: trauma, media, interdisciplinary insight, Gerbner’s model \n"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"THINKING THROUGH MEDIA THEORIES: UNDERSTANDING AND FURTHERING TRAUMA STUDIES1","broadcastable":true,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [319170,281133]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "full_page_mobile_sutd_modal"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loswp.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon';</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":39101654,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “THINKING THROUGH MEDIA THEORIES: UNDERSTANDING AND FURTHERING TRAUMA STUDIES1”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/39101654/mini_magick20190223-11882-1xayiqx.png?1550947591" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/single_work_splash/adobe.icon-574afd46eb6b03a77a153a647fb47e30546f9215c0ee6a25df597a779717f9ef.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">THINKING THROUGH MEDIA THEORIES: UNDERSTANDING AND FURTHERING TRAUMA STUDIES1</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="319170" href="https://independent.academia.edu/sedinst"><img alt="Profile image of Science and Education Development Institute (SEDInst)" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/319170/133911/21054290/s65_science_and_education_development_institute._sedinst_.png" />Science and Education Development Institute (SEDInst)</a><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="281133" href="https://ku-np.academia.edu/KhagendraAcharya"><img alt="Profile image of Khagendra Acharya" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/281133/357058/430367/s65_khagendra.acharya.jpg" />Khagendra Acharya</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">Trauma studies, a field of cultural enquiry that boomed in a brief span of around a decade at the turn of 21st century, according to Marder, “has something of a privileged and paradoxical relationship to interdisciplinary studies” (2006, p. 1). One of the areas with which trauma maintains such frontier, which however has yet not drawn serious attention, is communication studies. To examine the nature of interdisciplinary connection, the paper: 1) revisits selected trauma theories setting them against major postulations in media and explores the nature of communication circuit assumed by some of the canonical trauma theories, and 2) spotlights on the applicability of the latter in understanding and opening up potential further theorization in the former. The paper begins with a brief outline of some major theoretical positions in trauma as well as in media based on the principle of reciprocal relevance. Then, it brings to light the insight of media that runs prominently but in distorted version in trauma theories to reveal how media theories paradoxically underlie in the postulations of literary trauma. Finally, it purposes possibility of interdisciplinary borrowing i.e., using George Gerbner’s communication model to apprehend issues in trauma studies in general and trauma narration in particular. KEY WORDS: trauma, media, interdisciplinary insight, Gerbner’s model </p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":39101654,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/16653099/THINKING_THROUGH_MEDIA_THEORIES_UNDERSTANDING_AND_FURTHERING_TRAUMA_STUDIES1"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":39101654,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/16653099/THINKING_THROUGH_MEDIA_THEORIES_UNDERSTANDING_AND_FURTHERING_TRAUMA_STUDIES1"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div></div><div data-auto_select="false" data-client_id="331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b" data-doc_id="39101654" data-landing_url="https://www.academia.edu/16653099/THINKING_THROUGH_MEDIA_THEORIES_UNDERSTANDING_AND_FURTHERING_TRAUMA_STUDIES1" data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><div class="ds-top-related-works--grid-container"><div class="ds-related-content--container ds-top-related-works--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="17205770" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/17205770/Thinking_through_Media_Theories_Understanding_and_Furthering_Trauma_Studies">Thinking through Media Theories: Understanding and Furthering Trauma Studies</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="281133" href="https://ku-np.academia.edu/KhagendraAcharya">Khagendra Acharya</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2012</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Trauma studies, a field of cultural enquiry that boomed in a brief span of around a decade at the turn of 21st century, according to Marder, “has something of a privileged and paradoxical relationship to interdisciplinary studies” (2006, p. 1). One of the areas with which the field maintains such frontier, which, as yet, has not drawn serious attention, is communication studies. To examine the nature of interdisciplinary linkage, the paper: 1) revisits a number of trauma theories setting them against major postulations in media studies and explores the nature of communication circuit assumed in the trauma theories, and 2) suggests the applicability of communication models in understanding trauma theories and opening up further potential to theorizing trauma studies. The paper begins with a brief note on some major theoretical positions in trauma and media studies based on the principle of reciprocal relevance. Then, it brings to light the insight from media that runs prominently but in limited and modified version in trauma theories to reveal how media theories underlie in the postulations of literary trauma. Finally, I purposes possibility of interdisciplinary borrowing, particularly of George Gerbner‟s communication model to apprehend issues in trauma studies in general and trauma narration in particular.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Thinking through Media Theories: Understanding and Furthering Trauma Studies","attachmentId":39370795,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/17205770/Thinking_through_Media_Theories_Understanding_and_Furthering_Trauma_Studies","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/17205770/Thinking_through_Media_Theories_Understanding_and_Furthering_Trauma_Studies"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="3551042" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3551042/Why_Gerbners_Communication_Model_in_Trauma_Studies">Why Gerbner's Communication Model in Trauma Studies</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="281133" href="https://ku-np.academia.edu/KhagendraAcharya">Khagendra Acharya</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2012</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The paper delineates further the attempt of scholars like Luckhurst and Balaev to borrow interdisciplinary insight and formulate alternative framework in trauma studies so as to continue vibrancy of the field. The author of this paper had argued for a potential to formulate alternative framework in “Trauma of Maoist Insurgency in Literature: Reading Palpasa Café, Forget Kathmandu, and Chhapamar ko Chhoro”. The possibility was expounded deductively in another article “Thinking through Media Theories: Understanding and Furthering Trauma Studies”. Following the call and the idea forwarded firstly in Bodhi and later in Continental Journal of Arts and Humanities, the paper argues further that borrowing Gerbner’s communication model can be useful in formulating alternative framework to analyze trauma rendition.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Why Gerbner's Communication Model in Trauma Studies","attachmentId":52427256,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/3551042/Why_Gerbners_Communication_Model_in_Trauma_Studies","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/3551042/Why_Gerbners_Communication_Model_in_Trauma_Studies"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="78959597" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/78959597/Trauma_Literature_and_Culture">Trauma, Literature, and Culture</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="11451084" href="https://kodolanyi.academia.edu/EszterMoh%C3%A1csi">Eszter Enikő Mohácsi</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Freeside Europe Online Academic Journal, 2021</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">There has been a particular interest in trauma studies since the end of the twentieth century; not just in psychology and psychiatry, the main fields of study concerning mental disorders, but in every aspect of life. Consequently, a growing number of publications have been published that approach trauma from various fields: social and literary studies, comparative literature, philosophy, ethics, etc. At the same time, from talk shows to the news broadcasts, from popular media (post-apocalyptic movies, disaster films, games to art movies), from direct testimonies of survivors to fictive accounts of traumatic experience, there is a proliferation of all kinds of representations of trauma to the extent that testimony has been suggested as “the literary mode […] of our times”, whereas “our era can precisely be defined as the age of testimony” (Felman 1995: 17). The question naturally arises whether trauma has become a cliché in contemporary literature and culture, or whether literature h...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Trauma, Literature, and Culture","attachmentId":85840585,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/78959597/Trauma_Literature_and_Culture","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/78959597/Trauma_Literature_and_Culture"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="82621129" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/82621129/Wounds_Not_Easily_Healed_Exploring_Trauma_in_Communication_Studies">Wounds Not Easily Healed: Exploring Trauma in Communication Studies</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="29893" href="https://lsu.academia.edu/StephanieGrey">Stephanie Grey</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Annals of the International Communication Association, 2007</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Wounds Not Easily Healed: Exploring Trauma in Communication Studies","attachmentId":88267362,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/82621129/Wounds_Not_Easily_Healed_Exploring_Trauma_in_Communication_Studies","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/82621129/Wounds_Not_Easily_Healed_Exploring_Trauma_in_Communication_Studies"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="2920977" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2920977/_Trauma_Theory_Reading_and_Literary_Theory_in_the_Wake_of_Trauma_Studies_">“Trauma: Theory - Reading (and) Literary Theory in the Wake of Trauma Studies.”</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="3408976" href="https://kuleuven.academia.edu/TomToremans">Tom Toremans</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"“Trauma: Theory - Reading (and) Literary Theory in the Wake of Trauma Studies.”","attachmentId":30878538,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/2920977/_Trauma_Theory_Reading_and_Literary_Theory_in_the_Wake_of_Trauma_Studies_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/2920977/_Trauma_Theory_Reading_and_Literary_Theory_in_the_Wake_of_Trauma_Studies_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="3458314" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3458314/_Trauma_and_Event_A_Philosophical_Archaeology_Doctoral_Dissertation_Division_of_Media_and_Communications_European_Graduate_School">"Trauma and Event: A Philosophical Archaeology" - Doctoral Dissertation, Division of Media and Communications, European Graduate School</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="4002556" href="https://umontreal.academia.edu/VincenzoDiNicola">Vincenzo Di Nicola</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"\"Trauma and Event: A Philosophical Archaeology\" - Doctoral Dissertation, Division of Media and Communications, European Graduate School","attachmentId":31216126,"attachmentType":"docx","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/3458314/_Trauma_and_Event_A_Philosophical_Archaeology_Doctoral_Dissertation_Division_of_Media_and_Communications_European_Graduate_School","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/3458314/_Trauma_and_Event_A_Philosophical_Archaeology_Doctoral_Dissertation_Division_of_Media_and_Communications_European_Graduate_School"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="34536843" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/34536843/Trauma_and_Fiction_Representational_Crises_and_Modalities">Trauma and Fiction: Representational Crises and Modalities</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2371403" href="https://salerno.academia.edu/KhanTouseefOsman">Khan Touseef Osman</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Trauma involves a rupture in the temporal and symbolic orders at individual and collective levels. Fictional representation of trauma, therefore, is marked by a problem of referentiality, where mimesis fails and chronology breaks down. The article opens with a discussion on the disorientation in the co-ordinative links between the world, the self, and representational tools in the event of a traumatic experience, which results in the crisis of referentiality. The inadequacy of language as a representational medium on the one hand, and unacknowledgement of extreme events beyond " socially validated reality " on the other, constitute two of the major issues creative artists have to deal with. An extreme event leaves a mnemonic gap in the psyche of the traumatized individual, and the process of recovery involves the gap being filled in with narrative memory, suggesting an epistemological void. Narrative memory acts as the surrogate memory of the traumatic event, which is unavailable to willed recollection. This surrogate memory is compared to Jean Baudrillard's third order of simulation, where a false presence conceals the absence of any basic reality. Recognizing the referential and representational crises at work in rendering traumatic experiences in fiction, the article goes on to explore the ways of bypassing them and discuss the idea of indirect representation in Michael Rothberg's Traumatic Realism: The Demands of Holocaust Representation. Rothberg believes that an oblique rendition of traumatic events in fiction may be an appropriate representational mode within the conflicting demands of the documentation of reality, meditation on the formal limits by the creative artist, and risky circulation of images in the globalized world. This leads to a deliberation on Anne Whitehead and Laurie Vickroy's idea of the emerging genre of " trauma fiction " with its thematic and stylistic concerns. The article ends with a summary of the representational techniques likely to feature in fictions written on violent events.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Trauma and Fiction: Representational Crises and Modalities","attachmentId":54402653,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/34536843/Trauma_and_Fiction_Representational_Crises_and_Modalities","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/34536843/Trauma_and_Fiction_Representational_Crises_and_Modalities"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="41790355" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/41790355/A_New_Beginning_of_Trauma_Theory_in_Literature">A New Beginning of Trauma Theory in Literature</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="144000775" href="https://riphahuniversityoffaisalabad.academia.edu/saditariq">sadi tariq</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"A New Beginning of Trauma Theory in Literature","attachmentId":61942094,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/41790355/A_New_Beginning_of_Trauma_Theory_in_Literature","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/41790355/A_New_Beginning_of_Trauma_Theory_in_Literature"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="22395468" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/22395468/Gert_Buelens_Sam_Durrant_and_Robert_Eaglestone_eds_The_Future_of_Trauma_Theory_Contemporary_Literary_and_Cultural_Criticism_Jane_Kilby_and_Antony_Rowland_eds_The_Future_of_Testimony_Interdisciplinary_Perspectives_on_Witnessing">Gert Buelens, Sam Durrant and Robert Eaglestone (eds), The Future of Trauma Theory: Contemporary Literary and Cultural Criticism. Jane Kilby and Antony Rowland (eds), The Future of Testimony: Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Witnessing.</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="4329000" href="https://en-uoa-gr.academia.edu/AngelikiTseti">Angeliki Tseti</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Gert Buelens, Sam Durrant and Robert Eaglestone (eds), The Future of Trauma Theory: Contemporary Literary and Cultural Criticism. Jane Kilby and Antony Rowland (eds), The Future of Testimony: Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Witnessing.","attachmentId":43021548,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/22395468/Gert_Buelens_Sam_Durrant_and_Robert_Eaglestone_eds_The_Future_of_Trauma_Theory_Contemporary_Literary_and_Cultural_Criticism_Jane_Kilby_and_Antony_Rowland_eds_The_Future_of_Testimony_Interdisciplinary_Perspectives_on_Witnessing","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/22395468/Gert_Buelens_Sam_Durrant_and_Robert_Eaglestone_eds_The_Future_of_Trauma_Theory_Contemporary_Literary_and_Cultural_Criticism_Jane_Kilby_and_Antony_Rowland_eds_The_Future_of_Testimony_Interdisciplinary_Perspectives_on_Witnessing"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="103069643" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/103069643/Trauma_discourse_and_communicative_limits">Trauma, discourse and communicative limits</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="3469178" href="https://lboro.academia.edu/MichaelPickering">Michael Pickering</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Critical Discourse Studies, 2009</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Trauma, discourse and communicative limits","attachmentId":103174729,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/103069643/Trauma_discourse_and_communicative_limits","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/103069643/Trauma_discourse_and_communicative_limits"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":39101654,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":39101654,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_39101654" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sidebar--container js-work-sidebar"><div class="ds-related-content--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="38140445" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/38140445/Trauma_History_and_the_Limits_of_Language">Trauma, History, and the Limits of Language</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="33384065" href="https://euinstitute.academia.edu/EuropeanScientificJournalESJ">European Scientific Journal ESJ</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">ESJ, 2018</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link 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href="https://www.academia.edu/2334946/Trauma_and_Literary_Studies_Some_Enabling_Questions">Trauma and Literary Studies: Some Enabling Questions</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="279128" href="https://emory.academia.edu/ElissaMarder">Elissa Marder</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Trauma and Literary Studies: Some Enabling Questions","attachmentId":30877018,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/2334946/Trauma_and_Literary_Studies_Some_Enabling_Questions","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline 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