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Evaluating Time-of-Decision Measures in the 2008 U.S. Presidential Campaign</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Political Behavior</span><span>, Oct 25, 2011</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="dbd50b30b8e0abd07870917b92f2ed8f" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":116578468,"asset_id":121777231,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/116578468/download_file?st=MTczMjc1MTU1NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="121777231"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="121777231"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 121777231; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=121777231]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=121777231]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 121777231; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='121777231']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 121777231, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "dbd50b30b8e0abd07870917b92f2ed8f" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=121777231]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":121777231,"title":"I Knew it All Along! 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="121777230"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/121777230/For_the_Public_Good_or_Just_Good_Publicity_Celebrity_Diplomacy_and_the_Ethics_of_Representation"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of For the Public Good or Just Good Publicity? 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Celebrity Diplomacy and the Ethics of Representation</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Mass Communication and Society</span><span>, Oct 17, 2014</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="d71b292b00b65fa6577a71c54ce9637f" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":116578466,"asset_id":121777230,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/116578466/download_file?st=MTczMjc1MTU1NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="121777230"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="121777230"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 121777230; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=121777230]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=121777230]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 121777230; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='121777230']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 121777230, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "d71b292b00b65fa6577a71c54ce9637f" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=121777230]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":121777230,"title":"For the Public Good or Just Good Publicity? 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wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/121777227/Once_or_twice_upon_a_time_Temporal_simultaneity_and_the_Lost_phenomenon">Once or twice upon a time: Temporal simultaneity and the Lost phenomenon</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Film International</span><span>, Apr 1, 2006</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Welles was not only able to show that Kane&#39;s life was a veritable jigsaw puzzle, and that no ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Welles was not only able to show that Kane&#39;s life was a veritable jigsaw 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Questioning accountability in aid policy and practice</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Evaluation</span><span>, 2018</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="f615e4da96dc7e5baa3cc93a9154015b" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":116578458,"asset_id":121777222,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/116578458/download_file?st=MTczMjc1MTU1NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="121777222"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="121777222"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 121777222; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=121777222]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=121777222]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 121777222; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='121777222']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 121777222, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "f615e4da96dc7e5baa3cc93a9154015b" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=121777222]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":121777222,"title":"What have we learned here? 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="116442525"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/116442525/Communicating_for_social_change_A_model_of_communicative_power"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Communicating for social change: A model of communicative power" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/116442525/Communicating_for_social_change_A_model_of_communicative_power">Communicating for social change: A model of communicative power</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>International Communication Gazette</span><span>, Jul 14, 2022</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">There are two fundamental concerns about global communication for social change (CSC) research an...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">There are two fundamental concerns about global communication for social change (CSC) research and practice that guide the present study. The first is whether CSC researchers are collecting evidence regarding whether interventions work, the second is whether the sub-field is building theory about how CSC interventions work to promote community-led change. Based on a scoping review of peer-reviewed journal articles on international participatory development interventions, this analysis shows the field continues to lack a convincing explanation of the relationship between participation, communication, empowerment and social change. A model to elucidate this relationship is offered.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="116442525"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="116442525"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 116442525; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=116442525]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=116442525]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 116442525; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='116442525']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 116442525, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=116442525]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":116442525,"title":"Communicating for social change: A model of communicative power","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"There are two fundamental concerns about global communication for social change (CSC) research and practice that guide the present study. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="107573319"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/107573319/From_Statistics_to_Stories_Indices_and_Indicators_as_Communication_Tools_for_Social_Change"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of From Statistics to Stories: Indices and Indicators as Communication Tools for Social Change" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/107573319/From_Statistics_to_Stories_Indices_and_Indicators_as_Communication_Tools_for_Social_Change">From Statistics to Stories: Indices and Indicators as Communication Tools for Social Change</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>The International Journal of Press/Politics</span><span>, Apr 14, 2022</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The terms ‘indices’ and ‘indicators’ may immediately cause eyelids to droop. How, then, might the...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The terms ‘indices’ and ‘indicators’ may immediately cause eyelids to droop. How, then, might they serve to impassion publics and, ultimately, promote social change? This paper examines the extent to which indices and indicators can be considered communication tools for social movements and social change. The analysis is based on a 2018 evaluation of one index based in the United States – the Ranking Digital Rights Index, which assesses privacy and freedom of expression in the ICT space – and incorporates interviews with civil society stakeholders. Bringing theory from the fields of journalism and social movements together with the data from the evaluation, the findings suggest indices can serve as useful communication resources for social movements under certain circumstances. In particular, the analysis suggests three communication resources – legitimate information, newsworthy information, and flexible information – that human rights indices are most likely to provide.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="107573319"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="107573319"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 107573319; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=107573319]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=107573319]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 107573319; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='107573319']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 107573319, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=107573319]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":107573319,"title":"From Statistics to Stories: Indices and Indicators as Communication Tools for Social Change","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The terms ‘indices’ and ‘indicators’ may immediately cause eyelids to droop. How, then, might they serve to impassion publics and, ultimately, promote social change? This paper examines the extent to which indices and indicators can be considered communication tools for social movements and social change. The analysis is based on a 2018 evaluation of one index based in the United States – the Ranking Digital Rights Index, which assesses privacy and freedom of expression in the ICT space – and incorporates interviews with civil society stakeholders. Bringing theory from the fields of journalism and social movements together with the data from the evaluation, the findings suggest indices can serve as useful communication resources for social movements under certain circumstances. 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Bringing theory from the fields of journalism and social movements together with the data from the evaluation, the findings suggest indices can serve as useful communication resources for social movements under certain circumstances. In particular, the analysis suggests three communication resources – legitimate information, newsworthy information, and flexible information – that human rights indices are most likely to provide.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/107573319/From_Statistics_to_Stories_Indices_and_Indicators_as_Communication_Tools_for_Social_Change","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-10-04T03:26:22.290-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":14252144,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"From_Statistics_to_Stories_Indices_and_Indicators_as_Communication_Tools_for_Social_Change","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":14252144,"first_name":"Lauren","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Kogen","page_name":"LaurenKogen","domain_name":"temple","created_at":"2014-07-23T07:21:54.534-07:00","display_name":"Lauren Kogen","url":"https://temple.academia.edu/LaurenKogen"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":4486,"name":"Political Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science"}],"urls":[{"id":34287829,"url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/19401612221094246"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); 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This chapter discusses the mass media appearances of two celebrities-Angelina Jolie and George Clooney-and what said appearances might suggest to media audiences about the state of distant sufferers and of global development in general. A critical discourse analysis of Jolie's and Clooney's television interviews between 2001 and 2017 reveals that their speech reinforces particular stereotypes that place the US, and by extension the Global North, as the unquestionable \"heroes\" of development work, and development beneficiaries as the less capable and less comprehensible civilizations forever in need of rescuing. The analysis serves as the basis for developing a framework for more ethical celebrity communication about development. The key principle of this proposed framework emphasizes treating both media audiences and distant sufferers as citizens capable of political thought and action, rather than simply regarding media audiences as emotional fans, or distant sufferers as eternally dependent upon the Global North. Acts of celebrity diplomacy performed through the media are part of a wider genre of efforts to use communication to promote development (C4D). While the academic community has increasingly scrutinized C4D efforts, it has paid less attention to communication about development (CAD) (Scott 2014; Wilkins and Mody 2001), including the ways development efforts are explained to the general public through the media. Yet how and what the public learns about development merits investigation, because this becomes the foundation upon which they begin to formulate attitudes about international aid, about how development should be addressed, and about audience members' just relationship with the suffering \"other\"-the supposed beneficiary of development work. Celebrity CAD is particularly powerful in terms of impact on the public because, in a world in which citizens of the Global North often pay little attention to far off places that are disconnected from their everyday lives, celebrities offer a potent opportunity to break through that wall. This is why using celebrities to publicize development work is a strategy favored by development organizations. Celebrity CAD thus merits special attention. In this chapter, I look specifically at the mass communication efforts of two celebrities-Angelina Jolie and George Clooney-in order to analyze what their discourses might suggest to media audiences about the state of distant sufferers and of global development in general. I focus on these two because of their well-recognized star power, as well as their official roles as spokespersons for the United Nations. Jolie serves as Special Envoy for the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), focusing her work on the plight of child refugees around the world; George Clooney served as a United Nations Messenger of Peace from 2008 to 2014, focusing on UN peacekeeping missions around the world, and the ongoing violence in Sudan and South Sudan in particular. Their roles qualify them as what Andrew Cooper (2008) calls \"celebrity diplomats\", meaning they engage with issues of foreign suffering at a global policy level. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="107573317"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/107573317/Deflecting_the_CNN_effect_public_opinion_polling_and_Livingstonian_outcomes"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Deflecting the CNN effect: public opinion polling and Livingstonian outcomes" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/106204706/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/107573317/Deflecting_the_CNN_effect_public_opinion_polling_and_Livingstonian_outcomes">Deflecting the CNN effect: public opinion polling and Livingstonian outcomes</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Media, War & Conflict</span><span>, Jul 22, 2011</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="73c1482b1dbd73b2511337a78263aebb" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":106204706,"asset_id":107573317,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/106204706/download_file?st=MTczMjc1MTU1NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="107573317"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="107573317"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 107573317; 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In this paper, drawing upon polling experience in Darfur, we look at this question in the highly disputed context of international conflicts, an area where CNN Effects are manifest. We argue that government-sponsored polls can become part of official reactions to the CNN Effect in three primary ways: first, deflecting the CNN Effect by re-framing narratives and policy options; second, trumping the CNN Effect by returning to a form of evidence-based policy making in which research, rather than media pressure, dictates decision-making; and third, circumventing the CNN Effect by engaging in improved approaches to conflict resolution.","publication_date":{"day":22,"month":7,"year":2011,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Media, War \u0026 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text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/107573316/The_Spanish_Film_Industry_New_Technologies_New_Opportunities">The Spanish Film Industry: New Technologies, New Opportunities</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Convergence</span><span>, Mar 1, 2005</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Spain, like other countries of Western Europe, has struggled against Hollywood to maintain its na...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Spain, like other countries of Western Europe, has struggled against Hollywood to maintain its national film industry. Most of the films that are produced lose money, and producers are increasingly reliant on state subsidies. This article outlines the potential benefits of digital technologies to Spanish cinema and recommends changes in government film policy to take advantage of these benefits. State subsidies, in Spain as well as elsewhere in Europe, have created a weak national film market. Most Spaniards view national cinema as low-grade, and consistently opt for foreign fare. This article argues that the government should decrease production subsidies in favour of an investment in digital theatre projectors, thus permitting all productions to take advantage of the cost-saving aspects of digital filmmaking. In the course of researching this article, interviews were conducted with among others Bigas Luna (director of Jamon, Jamon, 1992 and La Teta y la Luna, 1994); Tomás Pladevall (President of the Spanish Association of Cinematographers); José-María Aragonés (Artistic Director of Filmtel, the post-production arm of Filmax production company); Ricardo Gil (Marketing and PR Director of UCl/Cinesa theatres in Spain and Portugal); and J.M. Caparrós Lera (Director of the Center for Cinematic Research in Barcelona). All were interviewed about the audience appeal, artistic merit and technical advantages or disadvantages of the digital medium.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="107573316"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="107573316"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 107573316; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=107573316]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=107573316]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 107573316; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='107573316']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 107573316, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=107573316]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":107573316,"title":"The Spanish Film Industry: New Technologies, New Opportunities","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Spain, like other countries of Western Europe, has struggled against Hollywood to maintain its national film industry. Most of the films that are produced lose money, and producers are increasingly reliant on state subsidies. This article outlines the potential benefits of digital technologies to Spanish cinema and recommends changes in government film policy to take advantage of these benefits. State subsidies, in Spain as well as elsewhere in Europe, have created a weak national film market. Most Spaniards view national cinema as low-grade, and consistently opt for foreign fare. This article argues that the government should decrease production subsidies in favour of an investment in digital theatre projectors, thus permitting all productions to take advantage of the cost-saving aspects of digital filmmaking. In the course of researching this article, interviews were conducted with among others Bigas Luna (director of Jamon, Jamon, 1992 and La Teta y la Luna, 1994); Tomás Pladevall (President of the Spanish Association of Cinematographers); José-María Aragonés (Artistic Director of Filmtel, the post-production arm of Filmax production company); Ricardo Gil (Marketing and PR Director of UCl/Cinesa theatres in Spain and Portugal); and J.M. Caparrós Lera (Director of the Center for Cinematic Research in Barcelona). All were interviewed about the audience appeal, artistic merit and technical advantages or disadvantages of the digital medium.","publisher":"SAGE Publishing","publication_date":{"day":1,"month":3,"year":2005,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Convergence"},"translated_abstract":"Spain, like other countries of Western Europe, has struggled against Hollywood to maintain its national film industry. Most of the films that are produced lose money, and producers are increasingly reliant on state subsidies. This article outlines the potential benefits of digital technologies to Spanish cinema and recommends changes in government film policy to take advantage of these benefits. State subsidies, in Spain as well as elsewhere in Europe, have created a weak national film market. Most Spaniards view national cinema as low-grade, and consistently opt for foreign fare. This article argues that the government should decrease production subsidies in favour of an investment in digital theatre projectors, thus permitting all productions to take advantage of the cost-saving aspects of digital filmmaking. In the course of researching this article, interviews were conducted with among others Bigas Luna (director of Jamon, Jamon, 1992 and La Teta y la Luna, 1994); Tomás Pladevall (President of the Spanish Association of Cinematographers); José-María Aragonés (Artistic Director of Filmtel, the post-production arm of Filmax production company); Ricardo Gil (Marketing and PR Director of UCl/Cinesa theatres in Spain and Portugal); and J.M. Caparrós Lera (Director of the Center for Cinematic Research in Barcelona). All were interviewed about the audience appeal, artistic merit and technical advantages or disadvantages of the digital medium.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/107573316/The_Spanish_Film_Industry_New_Technologies_New_Opportunities","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-10-04T03:26:21.370-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":14252144,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"The_Spanish_Film_Industry_New_Technologies_New_Opportunities","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":14252144,"first_name":"Lauren","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Kogen","page_name":"LaurenKogen","domain_name":"temple","created_at":"2014-07-23T07:21:54.534-07:00","display_name":"Lauren Kogen","url":"https://temple.academia.edu/LaurenKogen"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":39,"name":"Marketing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing"},{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering"},{"id":724,"name":"Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics"},{"id":8759,"name":"Foreign Direct Investment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Foreign_Direct_Investment"},{"id":15124,"name":"Convergence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Convergence"},{"id":47199,"name":"Hollywood","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hollywood"},{"id":49426,"name":"Attendance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Attendance"},{"id":55485,"name":"Filmmaking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Filmmaking"},{"id":84353,"name":"Television Industry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Television_Industry"},{"id":94427,"name":"Box Office","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Box_Office"},{"id":94508,"name":"National cinema","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/National_cinema"},{"id":123118,"name":"Film industry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Film_industry"},{"id":395704,"name":"Communication and media Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Communication_and_media_Studies"},{"id":954057,"name":"Subsidy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Subsidy"},{"id":3980476,"name":"movie theater","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/movie_theater"}],"urls":[{"id":34287826,"url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/135485650501100106"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); 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Past research indicates that media portrayals of distant suffering can promote helping behavior by eliciting sympathy, while those that prompt a more \"rational\" response tend to decrease helping behavior by undermining sympathy. The authors used an online experiment to test whether certain media frames could promote helping behavior through a more rational, rather than emotional, pathway. The study tested whether framing distant suffering as either \"solvable\" or \"unsolvable\" might promote helping behavior if a \"rational\" evaluation of a crisis leads one to determine that help is efficacious in solving the problem. Survey respondents were randomly assigned to read one of three messages: a high solvability message, a low solvability message, or a control message. Contrary to expectations, both low solvability and high solvability conditions increased participants' intentions to help. The results suggest that this is because framing problems as unsolvable drives up sympathy, thus promoting willingness to help, while framing problems as solvable drives up perceived efficacy, also promoting willingness to help. The authors conclude that, in contrast to earlier studies, and to the assumptions of many of those working in media, emphasizing rationality can promote helping behavior if audiences HOW MEDIA PORTRAYALS INFLUENCE WILLINGNESS TO HELP 2 rationally interpret the problem as solvable. Implications of the findings for ethically portraying distant suffering in the media are discussed.","publication_date":{"day":1,"month":4,"year":2019,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Journal of Media Psychology","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":106204704},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/107573315/How_Media_Portrayals_of_Suffering_Influence_Willingness_to_Help","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-10-04T03:26:21.077-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":14252144,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":106204704,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/106204704/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Kogen-PostPrint-2017-12.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/106204704/download_file?st=MTczMjc1MTU1NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"How_Media_Portrayals_of_Suffering_Influe.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/106204704/Kogen-PostPrint-2017-12-libre.pdf?1696417428=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DHow_Media_Portrayals_of_Suffering_Influe.pdf\u0026Expires=1732755155\u0026Signature=SsnK99EVe~--gnHxRc5tl09UJ01QLFZz4ZqWNWz86dQXwVDiRN092atwXJWdf6L1LYBD4fKn-2tCfYC~qIuzGu4duz7iYI4WOVWC-ndbJq7C24dYhs6dzEeC5ky4H~cMjmCxoG9XYgrb~-zRkv9rjjguKRjMKF1hQ8TH0v5ggX~Apnb6iGwkfY-soRNO~vqsUzPqNKUtwYlyRT649ECs01xZiACD6kfKMBjdt6YRG2-seTmVLuwCaYzW~Wfl1cbr2jemnqiIeToSxlKakiCkVfrFSdRevdFXhqp4ypbN4n-bjWls82V1hJ13JqE-jovmXuqQzLxkIoSY5Ijqf0uQAw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"How_Media_Portrayals_of_Suffering_Influence_Willingness_to_Help","translated_slug":"","page_count":32,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":14252144,"first_name":"Lauren","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Kogen","page_name":"LaurenKogen","domain_name":"temple","created_at":"2014-07-23T07:21:54.534-07:00","display_name":"Lauren Kogen","url":"https://temple.academia.edu/LaurenKogen"},"attachments":[{"id":106204704,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/106204704/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Kogen-PostPrint-2017-12.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/106204704/download_file?st=MTczMjc1MTU1NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"How_Media_Portrayals_of_Suffering_Influe.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/106204704/Kogen-PostPrint-2017-12-libre.pdf?1696417428=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DHow_Media_Portrayals_of_Suffering_Influe.pdf\u0026Expires=1732755155\u0026Signature=SsnK99EVe~--gnHxRc5tl09UJ01QLFZz4ZqWNWz86dQXwVDiRN092atwXJWdf6L1LYBD4fKn-2tCfYC~qIuzGu4duz7iYI4WOVWC-ndbJq7C24dYhs6dzEeC5ky4H~cMjmCxoG9XYgrb~-zRkv9rjjguKRjMKF1hQ8TH0v5ggX~Apnb6iGwkfY-soRNO~vqsUzPqNKUtwYlyRT649ECs01xZiACD6kfKMBjdt6YRG2-seTmVLuwCaYzW~Wfl1cbr2jemnqiIeToSxlKakiCkVfrFSdRevdFXhqp4ypbN4n-bjWls82V1hJ13JqE-jovmXuqQzLxkIoSY5Ijqf0uQAw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology"},{"id":248,"name":"Social Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Psychology"},{"id":422,"name":"Computer Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science"},{"id":928,"name":"Media Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Media_Studies"},{"id":7089,"name":"Media psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Media_psychology"},{"id":40475,"name":"Helping Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Helping_Behavior"},{"id":52861,"name":"Distant Suffering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Distant_Suffering"},{"id":52867,"name":"Rationality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rationality"},{"id":60366,"name":"Sympathy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sympathy"},{"id":135968,"name":"Framing effect","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Framing_effect"},{"id":1255945,"name":"Solvability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Solvability"},{"id":2521181,"name":"Solutions Journalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Solutions_Journalism"}],"urls":[{"id":34287825,"url":"https://scholarshare.temple.edu/bitstream/20.500.12613/7259/1/Kogen-PostPrint-2017-12.pdf"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); 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Until now, however, its numerous programs, projects, and contributions had not been synthesized, and its findings had not been evaluated as whole. The Center for Global Communication Studies at the Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania conducted an evaluation of RLB's past ten years of work in the Great Lakes Region. In addition to understanding the aggregate impact of RLB's programs, this meta-evaluation seeks to investigate what RLB's work offers to others engaged in this field. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="107573313"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/107573313/Suffering_through_the_news_How_the_American_news_media_cover_hunger_in_Africa_and_at_home"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Suffering through the news: How the American news media cover hunger in Africa and at home" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/107573313/Suffering_through_the_news_How_the_American_news_media_cover_hunger_in_Africa_and_at_home">Suffering through the news: How the American news media cover hunger in Africa and at home</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The dissertation examines U.S. newspaper coverage of hunger occurring both in Africa and the Unit...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The dissertation examines U.S. newspaper coverage of hunger occurring both in Africa and the United States, in order to determine whether and when news reports offer readers information they could readily use to discuss the issue in the public sphere. Coverage is examined through a comparative discourse analysis and frame analysis of 168 news articles appearing in the mainstream American print newspapers from January 2008 to May 2011, and 311 news articles appearing during two humanitarian crises—Hurricane Katrina in the United States and the 2011 East African famine—as well as interviews with journalists and editors. The author finds that stories of hunger in Africa are frequently framed as `irrelevant\u27 to the American public sphere, by not including the kind of information that would allow audiences to engage politically with the material. Hunger in Africa was frequently presented as a problem with no clear solution, or with \u27solutions\u27 that did not work. Stories on hunger in the United States, by contrast, were much more likely to include information readers could use to engage politically with the story, or to monitor the actions of their government. In cases of crisis, the author additionally finds that human interest stories tend to displace information on solutions, cause or context, that could be used to productively discuss the issue in the public sphere. The author concludes that, rather than simply denying readers the information that would allow them to respond politically, through discussion or action, articles on hunger in Africa in fact do suggest a political narrative by implying that the problem is an on-going and inevitable one, without the potential for responsive political action. Journalistic norms for domestic and crisis reporting are used to explain discrepancies between reporting styles when reporting on the United States and Africa</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="107573313"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="107573313"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 107573313; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=107573313]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=107573313]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 107573313; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='107573313']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 107573313, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=107573313]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":107573313,"title":"Suffering through the news: How the American news media cover hunger in Africa and at home","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The dissertation examines U.S. newspaper coverage of hunger occurring both in Africa and the United States, in order to determine whether and when news reports offer readers information they could readily use to discuss the issue in the public sphere. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="107573312"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/107573312/Why_the_message_should_matter"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Why the message should matter" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/106204703/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/107573312/Why_the_message_should_matter">Why the message should matter</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>The Journal of International Communication</span><span>, 2009</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="9e48d3cebfe165545b4c71047325cbd4" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":106204703,"asset_id":107573312,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/106204703/download_file?st=MTczMjc1MTU1NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="107573312"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="107573312"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 107573312; 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Evaluating Time-of-Decision Measures in the 2008 U.S. Presidential Campaign</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Political Behavior</span><span>, Oct 25, 2011</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="dbd50b30b8e0abd07870917b92f2ed8f" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":116578468,"asset_id":121777231,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/116578468/download_file?st=MTczMjc1MTU1NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjc1MTU1NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="121777231"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="121777231"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 121777231; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=121777231]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=121777231]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 121777231; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='121777231']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 121777231, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "dbd50b30b8e0abd07870917b92f2ed8f" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=121777231]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":121777231,"title":"I Knew it All Along! 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Celebrity Diplomacy and the Ethics of Representation" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/116578466/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/121777230/For_the_Public_Good_or_Just_Good_Publicity_Celebrity_Diplomacy_and_the_Ethics_of_Representation">For the Public Good or Just Good Publicity? Celebrity Diplomacy and the Ethics of Representation</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Mass Communication and Society</span><span>, Oct 17, 2014</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="d71b292b00b65fa6577a71c54ce9637f" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":116578466,"asset_id":121777230,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/116578466/download_file?st=MTczMjc1MTU1NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjc1MTU1NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="121777230"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="121777230"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 121777230; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=121777230]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=121777230]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 121777230; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='121777230']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 121777230, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "d71b292b00b65fa6577a71c54ce9637f" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=121777230]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":121777230,"title":"For the Public Good or Just Good Publicity? 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Through critical discourse analysis, similarities and differences are teased out and placed within the context of previous research on celebrity diplomacy and humanitarian crises, in order to evaluate the usefulness of such performances for the U.S. public as democratic citizens, and for the victims of foreign suffering the celebrities purport to represent.","publication_date":{"day":17,"month":10,"year":2014,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Mass Communication and 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class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/121777229/Not_up_for_debate_U_S_news_coverage_of_hunger_in_Africa">Not up for debate: U.S. news coverage of hunger in Africa</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>International Communication Gazette</span><span>, Nov 25, 2014</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="d1f967c22b94793fef45a37222e99a17" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":116578470,"asset_id":121777229,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/116578470/download_file?st=MTczMjc1MTU1NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjc1MTU1NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa 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hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/121777228/News_You_Can_Use_or_News_That_Moves"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of News You Can Use or News That Moves?" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/116578464/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/121777228/News_You_Can_Use_or_News_That_Moves">News You Can Use or News That Moves?</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journalism Practice</span><span>, Nov 22, 2017</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="46a57683bf8ee558a9a322013f5d9689" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="116442525"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/116442525/Communicating_for_social_change_A_model_of_communicative_power"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Communicating for social change: A model of communicative power" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/116442525/Communicating_for_social_change_A_model_of_communicative_power">Communicating for social change: A model of communicative power</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>International Communication Gazette</span><span>, Jul 14, 2022</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">There are two fundamental concerns about global communication for social change (CSC) research an...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">There are two fundamental concerns about global communication for social change (CSC) research and practice that guide the present study. The first is whether CSC researchers are collecting evidence regarding whether interventions work, the second is whether the sub-field is building theory about how CSC interventions work to promote community-led change. Based on a scoping review of peer-reviewed journal articles on international participatory development interventions, this analysis shows the field continues to lack a convincing explanation of the relationship between participation, communication, empowerment and social change. A model to elucidate this relationship is offered.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="116442525"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="116442525"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 116442525; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=116442525]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=116442525]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 116442525; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='116442525']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 116442525, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=116442525]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":116442525,"title":"Communicating for social change: A model of communicative power","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"There are two fundamental concerns about global communication for social change (CSC) research and practice that guide the present study. 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href="https://www.academia.edu/107573320/Savage_deregulation_in_Thailand_expanding_Hallin_and_Mancini_s_European_model"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Savage deregulation in Thailand: expanding Hallin and Mancini’s European model" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/106204707/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/107573320/Savage_deregulation_in_Thailand_expanding_Hallin_and_Mancini_s_European_model">Savage deregulation in Thailand: expanding Hallin and Mancini’s European model</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Media, Culture & Society</span><span>, Mar 1, 2010</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="a16fb4f0cda570a5531ef20d46746b5b" 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href="https://www.academia.edu/107573319/From_Statistics_to_Stories_Indices_and_Indicators_as_Communication_Tools_for_Social_Change"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of From Statistics to Stories: Indices and Indicators as Communication Tools for Social Change" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/107573319/From_Statistics_to_Stories_Indices_and_Indicators_as_Communication_Tools_for_Social_Change">From Statistics to Stories: Indices and Indicators as Communication Tools for Social Change</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>The International Journal of Press/Politics</span><span>, Apr 14, 2022</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The terms ‘indices’ and ‘indicators’ may immediately cause eyelids to droop. How, then, might the...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The terms ‘indices’ and ‘indicators’ may immediately cause eyelids to droop. How, then, might they serve to impassion publics and, ultimately, promote social change? This paper examines the extent to which indices and indicators can be considered communication tools for social movements and social change. The analysis is based on a 2018 evaluation of one index based in the United States – the Ranking Digital Rights Index, which assesses privacy and freedom of expression in the ICT space – and incorporates interviews with civil society stakeholders. Bringing theory from the fields of journalism and social movements together with the data from the evaluation, the findings suggest indices can serve as useful communication resources for social movements under certain circumstances. In particular, the analysis suggests three communication resources – legitimate information, newsworthy information, and flexible information – that human rights indices are most likely to provide.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="107573319"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="107573319"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 107573319; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=107573319]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=107573319]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 107573319; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='107573319']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 107573319, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=107573319]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":107573319,"title":"From Statistics to Stories: Indices and Indicators as Communication Tools for Social Change","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The terms ‘indices’ and ‘indicators’ may immediately cause eyelids to droop. How, then, might they serve to impassion publics and, ultimately, promote social change? This paper examines the extent to which indices and indicators can be considered communication tools for social movements and social change. The analysis is based on a 2018 evaluation of one index based in the United States – the Ranking Digital Rights Index, which assesses privacy and freedom of expression in the ICT space – and incorporates interviews with civil society stakeholders. Bringing theory from the fields of journalism and social movements together with the data from the evaluation, the findings suggest indices can serve as useful communication resources for social movements under certain circumstances. 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Bringing theory from the fields of journalism and social movements together with the data from the evaluation, the findings suggest indices can serve as useful communication resources for social movements under certain circumstances. 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This chapter discusses the mass media appearances of two celebrities-Angelina Jolie and George Clooney-and what said appearances might suggest to media audiences about the state of distant sufferers and of global development in general. A critical discourse analysis of Jolie's and Clooney's television interviews between 2001 and 2017 reveals that their speech reinforces particular stereotypes that place the US, and by extension the Global North, as the unquestionable \"heroes\" of development work, and development beneficiaries as the less capable and less comprehensible civilizations forever in need of rescuing. The analysis serves as the basis for developing a framework for more ethical celebrity communication about development. The key principle of this proposed framework emphasizes treating both media audiences and distant sufferers as citizens capable of political thought and action, rather than simply regarding media audiences as emotional fans, or distant sufferers as eternally dependent upon the Global North. Acts of celebrity diplomacy performed through the media are part of a wider genre of efforts to use communication to promote development (C4D). While the academic community has increasingly scrutinized C4D efforts, it has paid less attention to communication about development (CAD) (Scott 2014; Wilkins and Mody 2001), including the ways development efforts are explained to the general public through the media. Yet how and what the public learns about development merits investigation, because this becomes the foundation upon which they begin to formulate attitudes about international aid, about how development should be addressed, and about audience members' just relationship with the suffering \"other\"-the supposed beneficiary of development work. Celebrity CAD is particularly powerful in terms of impact on the public because, in a world in which citizens of the Global North often pay little attention to far off places that are disconnected from their everyday lives, celebrities offer a potent opportunity to break through that wall. This is why using celebrities to publicize development work is a strategy favored by development organizations. Celebrity CAD thus merits special attention. In this chapter, I look specifically at the mass communication efforts of two celebrities-Angelina Jolie and George Clooney-in order to analyze what their discourses might suggest to media audiences about the state of distant sufferers and of global development in general. I focus on these two because of their well-recognized star power, as well as their official roles as spokespersons for the United Nations. Jolie serves as Special Envoy for the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), focusing her work on the plight of child refugees around the world; George Clooney served as a United Nations Messenger of Peace from 2008 to 2014, focusing on UN peacekeeping missions around the world, and the ongoing violence in Sudan and South Sudan in particular. Their roles qualify them as what Andrew Cooper (2008) calls \"celebrity diplomats\", meaning they engage with issues of foreign suffering at a global policy level. 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We argue that government-sponsored polls can become part of official reactions to the CNN Effect in three primary ways: first, deflecting the CNN Effect by re-framing narratives and policy options; second, trumping the CNN Effect by returning to a form of evidence-based policy making in which research, rather than media pressure, dictates decision-making; and third, circumventing the CNN Effect by engaging in improved approaches to conflict resolution.","publication_date":{"day":22,"month":7,"year":2011,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Media, War \u0026 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text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/107573316/The_Spanish_Film_Industry_New_Technologies_New_Opportunities">The Spanish Film Industry: New Technologies, New Opportunities</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Convergence</span><span>, Mar 1, 2005</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Spain, like other countries of Western Europe, has struggled against Hollywood to maintain its na...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Spain, like other countries of Western Europe, has struggled against Hollywood to maintain its national film industry. Most of the films that are produced lose money, and producers are increasingly reliant on state subsidies. This article outlines the potential benefits of digital technologies to Spanish cinema and recommends changes in government film policy to take advantage of these benefits. State subsidies, in Spain as well as elsewhere in Europe, have created a weak national film market. Most Spaniards view national cinema as low-grade, and consistently opt for foreign fare. This article argues that the government should decrease production subsidies in favour of an investment in digital theatre projectors, thus permitting all productions to take advantage of the cost-saving aspects of digital filmmaking. In the course of researching this article, interviews were conducted with among others Bigas Luna (director of Jamon, Jamon, 1992 and La Teta y la Luna, 1994); Tomás Pladevall (President of the Spanish Association of Cinematographers); José-María Aragonés (Artistic Director of Filmtel, the post-production arm of Filmax production company); Ricardo Gil (Marketing and PR Director of UCl/Cinesa theatres in Spain and Portugal); and J.M. Caparrós Lera (Director of the Center for Cinematic Research in Barcelona). All were interviewed about the audience appeal, artistic merit and technical advantages or disadvantages of the digital medium.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="107573316"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="107573316"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 107573316; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=107573316]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=107573316]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 107573316; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='107573316']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 107573316, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=107573316]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":107573316,"title":"The Spanish Film Industry: New Technologies, New Opportunities","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Spain, like other countries of Western Europe, has struggled against Hollywood to maintain its national film industry. Most of the films that are produced lose money, and producers are increasingly reliant on state subsidies. This article outlines the potential benefits of digital technologies to Spanish cinema and recommends changes in government film policy to take advantage of these benefits. State subsidies, in Spain as well as elsewhere in Europe, have created a weak national film market. Most Spaniards view national cinema as low-grade, and consistently opt for foreign fare. This article argues that the government should decrease production subsidies in favour of an investment in digital theatre projectors, thus permitting all productions to take advantage of the cost-saving aspects of digital filmmaking. In the course of researching this article, interviews were conducted with among others Bigas Luna (director of Jamon, Jamon, 1992 and La Teta y la Luna, 1994); Tomás Pladevall (President of the Spanish Association of Cinematographers); José-María Aragonés (Artistic Director of Filmtel, the post-production arm of Filmax production company); Ricardo Gil (Marketing and PR Director of UCl/Cinesa theatres in Spain and Portugal); and J.M. Caparrós Lera (Director of the Center for Cinematic Research in Barcelona). All were interviewed about the audience appeal, artistic merit and technical advantages or disadvantages of the digital medium.","publisher":"SAGE Publishing","publication_date":{"day":1,"month":3,"year":2005,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Convergence"},"translated_abstract":"Spain, like other countries of Western Europe, has struggled against Hollywood to maintain its national film industry. Most of the films that are produced lose money, and producers are increasingly reliant on state subsidies. This article outlines the potential benefits of digital technologies to Spanish cinema and recommends changes in government film policy to take advantage of these benefits. State subsidies, in Spain as well as elsewhere in Europe, have created a weak national film market. Most Spaniards view national cinema as low-grade, and consistently opt for foreign fare. This article argues that the government should decrease production subsidies in favour of an investment in digital theatre projectors, thus permitting all productions to take advantage of the cost-saving aspects of digital filmmaking. In the course of researching this article, interviews were conducted with among others Bigas Luna (director of Jamon, Jamon, 1992 and La Teta y la Luna, 1994); Tomás Pladevall (President of the Spanish Association of Cinematographers); José-María Aragonés (Artistic Director of Filmtel, the post-production arm of Filmax production company); Ricardo Gil (Marketing and PR Director of UCl/Cinesa theatres in Spain and Portugal); and J.M. Caparrós Lera (Director of the Center for Cinematic Research in Barcelona). All were interviewed about the audience appeal, artistic merit and technical advantages or disadvantages of the digital medium.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/107573316/The_Spanish_Film_Industry_New_Technologies_New_Opportunities","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-10-04T03:26:21.370-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":14252144,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"The_Spanish_Film_Industry_New_Technologies_New_Opportunities","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":14252144,"first_name":"Lauren","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Kogen","page_name":"LaurenKogen","domain_name":"temple","created_at":"2014-07-23T07:21:54.534-07:00","display_name":"Lauren Kogen","url":"https://temple.academia.edu/LaurenKogen"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":39,"name":"Marketing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing"},{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering"},{"id":724,"name":"Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics"},{"id":8759,"name":"Foreign Direct Investment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Foreign_Direct_Investment"},{"id":15124,"name":"Convergence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Convergence"},{"id":47199,"name":"Hollywood","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hollywood"},{"id":49426,"name":"Attendance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Attendance"},{"id":55485,"name":"Filmmaking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Filmmaking"},{"id":84353,"name":"Television Industry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Television_Industry"},{"id":94427,"name":"Box Office","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Box_Office"},{"id":94508,"name":"National cinema","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/National_cinema"},{"id":123118,"name":"Film industry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Film_industry"},{"id":395704,"name":"Communication and media Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Communication_and_media_Studies"},{"id":954057,"name":"Subsidy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Subsidy"},{"id":3980476,"name":"movie theater","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/movie_theater"}],"urls":[{"id":34287826,"url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/135485650501100106"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); 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Past research indicates that media portrayals of distant suffering can promote helping behavior by eliciting sympathy, while those that prompt a more \"rational\" response tend to decrease helping behavior by undermining sympathy. The authors used an online experiment to test whether certain media frames could promote helping behavior through a more rational, rather than emotional, pathway. The study tested whether framing distant suffering as either \"solvable\" or \"unsolvable\" might promote helping behavior if a \"rational\" evaluation of a crisis leads one to determine that help is efficacious in solving the problem. Survey respondents were randomly assigned to read one of three messages: a high solvability message, a low solvability message, or a control message. Contrary to expectations, both low solvability and high solvability conditions increased participants' intentions to help. The results suggest that this is because framing problems as unsolvable drives up sympathy, thus promoting willingness to help, while framing problems as solvable drives up perceived efficacy, also promoting willingness to help. The authors conclude that, in contrast to earlier studies, and to the assumptions of many of those working in media, emphasizing rationality can promote helping behavior if audiences HOW MEDIA PORTRAYALS INFLUENCE WILLINGNESS TO HELP 2 rationally interpret the problem as solvable. Implications of the findings for ethically portraying distant suffering in the media are discussed.","publication_date":{"day":1,"month":4,"year":2019,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Journal of Media Psychology","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":106204704},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/107573315/How_Media_Portrayals_of_Suffering_Influence_Willingness_to_Help","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-10-04T03:26:21.077-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":14252144,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":106204704,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/106204704/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Kogen-PostPrint-2017-12.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/106204704/download_file?st=MTczMjc1MTU1NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjc1MTU1NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"How_Media_Portrayals_of_Suffering_Influe.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/106204704/Kogen-PostPrint-2017-12-libre.pdf?1696417428=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DHow_Media_Portrayals_of_Suffering_Influe.pdf\u0026Expires=1732755155\u0026Signature=SsnK99EVe~--gnHxRc5tl09UJ01QLFZz4ZqWNWz86dQXwVDiRN092atwXJWdf6L1LYBD4fKn-2tCfYC~qIuzGu4duz7iYI4WOVWC-ndbJq7C24dYhs6dzEeC5ky4H~cMjmCxoG9XYgrb~-zRkv9rjjguKRjMKF1hQ8TH0v5ggX~Apnb6iGwkfY-soRNO~vqsUzPqNKUtwYlyRT649ECs01xZiACD6kfKMBjdt6YRG2-seTmVLuwCaYzW~Wfl1cbr2jemnqiIeToSxlKakiCkVfrFSdRevdFXhqp4ypbN4n-bjWls82V1hJ13JqE-jovmXuqQzLxkIoSY5Ijqf0uQAw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"How_Media_Portrayals_of_Suffering_Influence_Willingness_to_Help","translated_slug":"","page_count":32,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":14252144,"first_name":"Lauren","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Kogen","page_name":"LaurenKogen","domain_name":"temple","created_at":"2014-07-23T07:21:54.534-07:00","display_name":"Lauren Kogen","url":"https://temple.academia.edu/LaurenKogen"},"attachments":[{"id":106204704,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/106204704/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Kogen-PostPrint-2017-12.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/106204704/download_file?st=MTczMjc1MTU1NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjc1MTU1NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"How_Media_Portrayals_of_Suffering_Influe.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/106204704/Kogen-PostPrint-2017-12-libre.pdf?1696417428=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DHow_Media_Portrayals_of_Suffering_Influe.pdf\u0026Expires=1732755155\u0026Signature=SsnK99EVe~--gnHxRc5tl09UJ01QLFZz4ZqWNWz86dQXwVDiRN092atwXJWdf6L1LYBD4fKn-2tCfYC~qIuzGu4duz7iYI4WOVWC-ndbJq7C24dYhs6dzEeC5ky4H~cMjmCxoG9XYgrb~-zRkv9rjjguKRjMKF1hQ8TH0v5ggX~Apnb6iGwkfY-soRNO~vqsUzPqNKUtwYlyRT649ECs01xZiACD6kfKMBjdt6YRG2-seTmVLuwCaYzW~Wfl1cbr2jemnqiIeToSxlKakiCkVfrFSdRevdFXhqp4ypbN4n-bjWls82V1hJ13JqE-jovmXuqQzLxkIoSY5Ijqf0uQAw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology"},{"id":248,"name":"Social Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Psychology"},{"id":422,"name":"Computer Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science"},{"id":928,"name":"Media Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Media_Studies"},{"id":7089,"name":"Media psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Media_psychology"},{"id":40475,"name":"Helping Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Helping_Behavior"},{"id":52861,"name":"Distant Suffering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Distant_Suffering"},{"id":52867,"name":"Rationality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rationality"},{"id":60366,"name":"Sympathy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sympathy"},{"id":135968,"name":"Framing effect","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Framing_effect"},{"id":1255945,"name":"Solvability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Solvability"},{"id":2521181,"name":"Solutions Journalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Solutions_Journalism"}],"urls":[{"id":34287825,"url":"https://scholarshare.temple.edu/bitstream/20.500.12613/7259/1/Kogen-PostPrint-2017-12.pdf"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); 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Until now, however, its numerous programs, projects, and contributions had not been synthesized, and its findings had not been evaluated as whole. The Center for Global Communication Studies at the Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania conducted an evaluation of RLB's past ten years of work in the Great Lakes Region. In addition to understanding the aggregate impact of RLB's programs, this meta-evaluation seeks to investigate what RLB's work offers to others engaged in this field. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="107573313"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/107573313/Suffering_through_the_news_How_the_American_news_media_cover_hunger_in_Africa_and_at_home"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Suffering through the news: How the American news media cover hunger in Africa and at home" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/107573313/Suffering_through_the_news_How_the_American_news_media_cover_hunger_in_Africa_and_at_home">Suffering through the news: How the American news media cover hunger in Africa and at home</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The dissertation examines U.S. newspaper coverage of hunger occurring both in Africa and the Unit...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The dissertation examines U.S. newspaper coverage of hunger occurring both in Africa and the United States, in order to determine whether and when news reports offer readers information they could readily use to discuss the issue in the public sphere. Coverage is examined through a comparative discourse analysis and frame analysis of 168 news articles appearing in the mainstream American print newspapers from January 2008 to May 2011, and 311 news articles appearing during two humanitarian crises—Hurricane Katrina in the United States and the 2011 East African famine—as well as interviews with journalists and editors. The author finds that stories of hunger in Africa are frequently framed as `irrelevant\u27 to the American public sphere, by not including the kind of information that would allow audiences to engage politically with the material. Hunger in Africa was frequently presented as a problem with no clear solution, or with \u27solutions\u27 that did not work. Stories on hunger in the United States, by contrast, were much more likely to include information readers could use to engage politically with the story, or to monitor the actions of their government. In cases of crisis, the author additionally finds that human interest stories tend to displace information on solutions, cause or context, that could be used to productively discuss the issue in the public sphere. The author concludes that, rather than simply denying readers the information that would allow them to respond politically, through discussion or action, articles on hunger in Africa in fact do suggest a political narrative by implying that the problem is an on-going and inevitable one, without the potential for responsive political action. Journalistic norms for domestic and crisis reporting are used to explain discrepancies between reporting styles when reporting on the United States and Africa</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="107573313"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="107573313"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 107573313; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=107573313]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=107573313]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 107573313; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='107573313']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 107573313, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=107573313]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":107573313,"title":"Suffering through the news: How the American news media cover hunger in Africa and at home","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The dissertation examines U.S. newspaper coverage of hunger occurring both in Africa and the United States, in order to determine whether and when news reports offer readers information they could readily use to discuss the issue in the public sphere. 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Journalistic norms for domestic and crisis reporting are used to explain discrepancies between reporting styles when reporting on the United States and Africa","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2012,"errors":{}}},"translated_abstract":"The dissertation examines U.S. newspaper coverage of hunger occurring both in Africa and the United States, in order to determine whether and when news reports offer readers information they could readily use to discuss the issue in the public sphere. Coverage is examined through a comparative discourse analysis and frame analysis of 168 news articles appearing in the mainstream American print newspapers from January 2008 to May 2011, and 311 news articles appearing during two humanitarian crises—Hurricane Katrina in the United States and the 2011 East African famine—as well as interviews with journalists and editors. 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of Why the message should matter" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/106204703/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/107573312/Why_the_message_should_matter">Why the message should matter</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>The Journal of International Communication</span><span>, 2009</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="9e48d3cebfe165545b4c71047325cbd4" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":106204703,"asset_id":107573312,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" 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thumbnail of The use of IVR to support monitoring and evaluation of media interventions: A case study of the VOTO system in Rwanda" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/49353076/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/28918709/The_use_of_IVR_to_support_monitoring_and_evaluation_of_media_interventions_A_case_study_of_the_VOTO_system_in_Rwanda">The use of IVR to support monitoring and evaluation of media interventions: A case study of the VOTO system in Rwanda</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://temple.academia.edu/LaurenKogen">Lauren Kogen</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SmithBriar">Briar Smith</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This is a report on a pilot study of an IVR system in Rwanda, used to monitor and evaluate the su...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This is a report on a pilot study of an IVR system in Rwanda, used to monitor and evaluate the success of an edutainment program. The study explores the potential that Interactive Voice Response (IVR) systems have as both a distribution and monitoring and evaluation (M&E) tool, noting the limitations the current state of IVR technology imposes. The report presents the findings of the United States Institute of Peace (USIP) funded grant, “Amplifying Peace: Testing Mobile Interaction in Rwanda.” The project explored mobile IVR technology for those engaged in peacebuilding, investigated the usefulness of the platform for information dissemination and information collection, and evaluated the platform as a tool to improve monitoring and evaluation. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="28918461"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/28918461/Half_the_Sky_Movement_global_engagement_initiative_Final_M_and_E_Report"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Half the Sky Movement global engagement initiative: Final M&E Report" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/49352906/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/28918461/Half_the_Sky_Movement_global_engagement_initiative_Final_M_and_E_Report">Half the Sky Movement global engagement initiative: Final M&E Report</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Based on Nicholas Kristof and Sheryl WuDunn’s 2010 bestseller Half the Sky, the Half the Sky Move...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Based on Nicholas Kristof and Sheryl WuDunn’s 2010 bestseller Half the Sky, the Half the Sky Movement conducted a multi-million dollar intervention to promote gender equality in India and Kenya through the use of media. Through a documentary film, educational videos, discussion groups, and mobile games, the project sought to change attitudes and behaviors regarding gender norms. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="28343021"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/28343021/Testing_a_media_intervention_in_Kenya_Vioja_Mahakamani_dangerous_speech_and_the_Benesch_guidelines"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Testing a media intervention in Kenya: Vioja Mahakamani, dangerous speech, and the Benesch guidelines" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/48676076/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/28343021/Testing_a_media_intervention_in_Kenya_Vioja_Mahakamani_dangerous_speech_and_the_Benesch_guidelines">Testing a media intervention in Kenya: Vioja Mahakamani, dangerous speech, and the Benesch guidelines</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This evaluation was commissioned by Susan Benesch, Faculty Associate at the Berkman Center and Di...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This evaluation was commissioned by Susan Benesch, Faculty Associate at the Berkman Center and Director of the Dangerous Speech Project, as part of a grant from the Fetzer Institute. For this project, Benesch teamed up with Media Focus on Africa (MFA) and the cast and crew of a Kenyan television comedy drama series, Vioja Mahakamani, to “inoculate” audiences against inciting speech, and make them more skeptical of it, by increasing understanding of what constitutes incitement to violence, the psychology behind incitement that helps prepare groups of people to condone or even take part in violence, and its consequences.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="c7a0ba053b6b7543396acd2674e8c977" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":48676076,"asset_id":28343021,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48676076/download_file?st=MTczMjc1MTU1Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="28343021"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="28343021"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 28343021; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=28343021]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=28343021]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 28343021; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='28343021']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 28343021, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "c7a0ba053b6b7543396acd2674e8c977" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=28343021]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":28343021,"title":"Testing a media intervention in Kenya: Vioja Mahakamani, dangerous speech, and the Benesch guidelines","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"This evaluation was commissioned by Susan Benesch, Faculty Associate at the Berkman Center and Director of the Dangerous Speech Project, as part of a grant from the Fetzer Institute. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="28343062"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/28343062/Assessing_impact_evaluating_adaptability_A_decade_of_Radio_La_Benevolencija_in_Rwanda_Burundi_and_the_DRC"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Assessing impact, evaluating adaptability: A decade of Radio La Benevolencija in Rwanda, Burundi and the DRC" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/48676093/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/28343062/Assessing_impact_evaluating_adaptability_A_decade_of_Radio_La_Benevolencija_in_Rwanda_Burundi_and_the_DRC">Assessing impact, evaluating adaptability: A decade of Radio La Benevolencija in Rwanda, Burundi and the DRC</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This evaluation was commissioned by Radio La Benevolencija (RLB), a Dutch NGO that aims to empowe...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This evaluation was commissioned by Radio La Benevolencija (RLB), a Dutch NGO that aims to empower groups and individuals who are the target of hate speech and ensuing acts. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="28321362"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/28321362/Evaluating_media_and_communication_in_development_Does_evidence_matter"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Evaluating media and communication in development: Does evidence matter" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/48652042/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/28321362/Evaluating_media_and_communication_in_development_Does_evidence_matter">Evaluating media and communication in development: Does evidence matter</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://temple.academia.edu/LaurenKogen">Lauren Kogen</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://upenn.academia.edu/KenWinneg">Ken Winneg</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The Center for Global Communication Studies (CGCS) evaluated BBC Media Action’s (formerly the BBC...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The Center for Global Communication Studies (CGCS) evaluated BBC Media Action’s (formerly the BBC World Service Trust) impact on the world of global development research and practice. Through an online survey and in-depth interviews with key players in the field, CGCS analyzed the extent to which the organization’s research, workshops, and conferences have influenced and impacted the work of global donors, practitioners, think tanks, and scholars on the subject of the role of media and communication platforms in improving governance outcomes, health outcomes, and humanitarian response outcomes. At the same time, this project provided a broader understanding of how those working in the field are thinking about the role of communication in development, where they see the most potential, and what they see as the major gaps in the research.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="a29d982ee2be924133fd21d05cd35c27" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":48652042,"asset_id":28321362,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48652042/download_file?st=MTczMjc1MTU1Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="28321362"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="28321362"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 28321362; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=28321362]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=28321362]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 28321362; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='28321362']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 28321362, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "a29d982ee2be924133fd21d05cd35c27" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=28321362]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":28321362,"title":"Evaluating media and communication in development: Does evidence matter","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The Center for Global Communication Studies (CGCS) evaluated BBC Media Action’s (formerly the BBC World Service Trust) impact on the world of global development research and practice. 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