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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Drawing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Drawing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Painting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Painting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Painting</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Painting-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Painting subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Painting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Origins_and_early_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origins_and_early_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1</span> <span>Origins and early history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origins_and_early_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Renaissance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Renaissance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.2</span> <span>The Renaissance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Renaissance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dutch_masters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dutch_masters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.3</span> <span>Dutch masters</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dutch_masters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Baroque" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Baroque"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.4</span> <span>Baroque</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Baroque-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Impressionism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Impressionism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.5</span> <span>Impressionism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Impressionism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-impressionism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-impressionism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.6</span> <span>Post-impressionism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-impressionism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Symbolism,_expressionism_and_cubism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Symbolism,_expressionism_and_cubism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.7</span> <span>Symbolism, expressionism and cubism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Symbolism,_expressionism_and_cubism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Printmaking" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Printmaking"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Printmaking</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Printmaking-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Printmaking subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Printmaking-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-European_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#European_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>European history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-European_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chinese_origin_and_practice" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chinese_origin_and_practice"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Chinese origin and practice</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chinese_origin_and_practice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Development_in_Japan_1603–1867" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Development_in_Japan_1603–1867"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Development in Japan 1603–1867</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Development_in_Japan_1603–1867-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Photography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Photography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Photography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Photography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Architecture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Filmmaking" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Filmmaking"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Filmmaking</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Filmmaking-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Computer_art" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Computer_art"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Computer art</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Computer_art-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Plastic_arts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Plastic_arts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Plastic arts</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Plastic_arts-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Plastic arts subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Plastic_arts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sculpture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sculpture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Sculpture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sculpture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-US_copyright_definition_of_visual_art" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#US_copyright_definition_of_visual_art"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>US copyright definition of visual art</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-US_copyright_definition_of_visual_art-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Visual arts</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 108 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-108" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">108 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beeldende_kunste" title="Beeldende kunste – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Beeldende kunste" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bildende_Kunst" title="Bildende Kunst – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Bildende Kunst" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="فنون مرئية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فنون مرئية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artes_visuales" title="Artes visuales – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Artes visuales" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%85%D1%8C%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB_%D0%B3%D1%8C%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8A%D0%B8" title="Бихьизабул гьунарлъи – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Бихьизабул гьунарлъи" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C9%99sviri_inc%C9%99s%C9%99n%C9%99t" title="Təsviri incəsənət – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Təsviri incəsənət" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE" title="দৃশ্যকলা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="দৃশ্যকলা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C4%AB-kak_g%C4%93-su%CC%8Dt" title="Sī-kak gē-su̍t – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Sī-kak gē-su̍t" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seni_rupa" title="Seni rupa – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Seni rupa" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8B%D1%8F%D1%9E%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Выяўленчае мастацтва – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Выяўленчае мастацтва" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8B%D1%8F%D1%9E%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Выяўленчае мастацтва – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Выяўленчае мастацтва" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F" title="विजुअल आर्ट – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="विजुअल आर्ट" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Изобразително изкуство – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Изобразително изкуство" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buidnde_Kunst" title="Buidnde Kunst – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Buidnde Kunst" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Likovna_umjetnost" title="Likovna umjetnost – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Likovna umjetnost" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arzo%C3%B9_ar_gweled" title="Arzoù ar gweled – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Arzoù ar gweled" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arts_visuals" title="Arts visuals – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Arts visuals" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D3%B3%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D3%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Сӳретле ӳнер – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Сӳретле ӳнер" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%BDtvarn%C3%A9_um%C4%9Bn%C3%AD" title="Výtvarné umění – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Výtvarné umění" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billedkunst" title="Billedkunst – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Billedkunst" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bildende_Kunst" title="Bildende Kunst – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Bildende Kunst" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kujutav_kunst" title="Kujutav kunst – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kujutav kunst" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%B1%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AD%CF%82_%CF%84%CE%AD%CF%87%CE%BD%CE%B5%CF%82" title="Εικαστικές τέχνες – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Εικαστικές τέχνες" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artes_visuales" title="Artes visuales – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Artes visuales" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vidaj_artoj" title="Vidaj artoj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Vidaj artoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arte_bisual" title="Arte bisual – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Arte bisual" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%AA%D8%AC%D8%B3%D9%85%DB%8C" title="هنرهای تجسمی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هنرهای تجسمی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arts_visuels" title="Arts visuels – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Arts visuels" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byldzjende_keunst" title="Byldzjende keunst – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Byldzjende keunst" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arts_visu%C3%A2ls" title="Arts visuâls – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Arts visuâls" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dearceala%C3%ADona" title="Dearcealaíona – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Dearcealaíona" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ealain-l%C3%A8irsinneach" title="Ealain-lèirsinneach – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Ealain-lèirsinneach" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artes_visuais" title="Artes visuais – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Artes visuais" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A6%96%E8%A6%BA%E8%97%9D%E8%A1%93" title="視覺藝術 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="視覺藝術" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%AC%D8%B3%DB%8A%D9%85%DB%8C_%D9%87%DB%8A%D9%86%D8%B1" title="تجسۊمی هۊنر – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="تجسۊمی هۊنر" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8B%9C%EA%B0%81_%EC%98%88%EC%88%A0" title="시각 예술 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="시각 예술" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zane-zane_na_gani" title="Zane-zane na gani – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Zane-zane na gani" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%BA%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%BE%D5%A5%D5%BD%D5%BF" title="Կերպարվեստ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կերպարվեստ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE" title="दृश्य कला – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="दृश्य कला" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Likovna_umjetnost" title="Likovna umjetnost – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Likovna umjetnost" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seni_rupa" title="Seni rupa – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Seni rupa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artes_visual" title="Artes visual – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Artes visual" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myndlist" title="Myndlist – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Myndlist" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arti_visive" title="Arti visive – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Arti visive" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%97%D7%96%D7%95%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%AA" title="אמנות חזותית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אמנות חזותית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seni_rupa" title="Seni rupa – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Seni rupa" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%AE%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%97%E1%83%98_%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%95%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="სახვითი ხელოვნება – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სახვითი ხელოვნება" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%83_%D3%A9%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96" title="Бейнелеу өнері – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Бейнелеу өнері" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artys_Gwelesek" title="Artys Gwelesek – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Artys Gwelesek" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_vizy%C3%A8l" title="La vizyèl – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="La vizyèl" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lar_vizw%C3%A8l" title="Lar vizwèl – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Lar vizwèl" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%A9%D1%80%D0%BA%D3%A9%D0%BC_%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Көркөм искусство – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Көркөм искусство" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ars_oculorum" title="Ars oculorum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ars oculorum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C4%93lot%C4%81ja_m%C4%81ksla" title="Tēlotāja māksla – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Tēlotāja māksla" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dail%C4%97" title="Dailė – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Dailė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beeldende_kuns" title="Beeldende kuns – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Beeldende kuns" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A9pz%C5%91m%C5%B1v%C3%A9szet" title="Képzőművészet – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Képzőművészet" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Ликовна уметност – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Ликовна уметност" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%83%E0%B4%B6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE" title="ദൃശ്യകലകൾ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ദൃശ്യകലകൾ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%AF%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="მეჯინური ხელუანობა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="მეჯინური ხელუანობა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%89" title="مدارس الفن التشكيلى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="مدارس الفن التشكيلى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seni_tampak" title="Seni tampak – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Seni tampak" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artes_bisuales" title="Artes bisuales – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Artes bisuales" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beeldende_kunst" title="Beeldende kunst – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Beeldende kunst" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beeldende_keunst" title="Beeldende keunst – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Beeldende keunst" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A6%96%E8%A6%9A%E8%8A%B8%E8%A1%93" title="視覚芸術 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="視覚芸術" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilhaft_konst" title="Bilhaft konst – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Bilhaft konst" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billedkunst" title="Billedkunst – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Billedkunst" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biletkunst" title="Biletkunst – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Biletkunst" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasviriy_san%CA%BCat" title="Tasviriy sanʼat – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Tasviriy sanʼat" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vijual_aat" title="Vijual aat – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Vijual aat" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sztuki_wizualne" title="Sztuki wizualne – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Sztuki wizualne" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artes_visuais" title="Artes visuais – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Artes visuais" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arte_vizuale" title="Arte vizuale – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Arte vizuale" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rikch%27a_kapchiy" title="Rikch'a kapchiy – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Rikch'a kapchiy" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Вытварництво – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Вытварництво" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Изобразительное искусство – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Изобразительное искусство" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artes_visivas" title="Artes visivas – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Artes visivas" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bieldende_Kunst" title="Bieldende Kunst – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Bieldende Kunst" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historia_e_arteve_pamore" title="Historia e arteve pamore – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Historia e arteve pamore" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arti_visuali" title="Arti visuali – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Arti visuali" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%98%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA_%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8F" title="දෘශ්‍ය කලා – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="දෘශ්‍ය කලා" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_arts" title="Visual arts – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Visual arts" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%BDtvarn%C3%A9_umenie" title="Výtvarné umenie – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Výtvarné umenie" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Likovna_umetnost" title="Likovna umetnost – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Likovna umetnost" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%BE%D9%88%D9%86%DB%95%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%B3%DB%86%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="ھونەری سۆمایی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ھونەری سۆمایی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Ликовна уметност – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ликовна уметност" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Likovna_umjetnost" title="Likovna umjetnost – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Likovna umjetnost" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seni_rupa" title="Seni rupa – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Seni rupa" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuvataide" title="Kuvataide – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kuvataide" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bildkonst" title="Bildkonst – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Bildkonst" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sining-biswal" title="Sining-biswal – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Sining-biswal" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88" title="காட்சிக் கலை – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="காட்சிக் கலை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%83%E0%B0%B6%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF_%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%B3%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81" title="దృశ్య కళలు – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="దృశ్య కళలు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%8C" title="ทัศนศิลป์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ทัศนศิลป์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B2%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D2%B3%D0%BE%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B0%D2%B7%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BC%D3%A3" title="Ҳунарҳои таҷассумӣ – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ҳунарҳои таҷассумӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%B6rsel_sanatlar" title="Görsel sanatlar – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Görsel sanatlar" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%87%D0%B5_%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Образотворче мистецтво – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Образотворче мистецтво" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B5%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D9%81%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86" title="بصری فنون – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بصری فنون" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngh%E1%BB%87_thu%E1%BA%ADt_th%E1%BB%8B_gi%C3%A1c" title="Nghệ thuật thị giác – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nghệ thuật thị giác" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kujotaja_kunst" title="Kujotaja kunst – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Kujotaja kunst" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paniplat_nga_arte" title="Paniplat nga arte – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Paniplat nga arte" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A7%86%E8%A7%89%E8%89%BA%E6%9C%AF" title="视觉艺术 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="视觉艺术" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%96%D7%95%D7%A2%D7%9C%D7%A2_%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%9F" title="וויזועלע קונסטן – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="וויזועלע קונסטן" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A6%96%E8%A6%BA%E8%97%9D%E8%A1%93" title="視覺藝術 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="視覺藝術" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaizdounamuoj%C4%97_dail%C4%97" title="Vaizdounamuojė dailė – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Vaizdounamuojė dailė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A6%96%E8%A6%BA%E8%97%9D%E8%A1%93" title="視覺藝術 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="視覺藝術" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C9%99svirij%C9%99_n%C9%99%C4%8Dim%C9%99s%C9%99n%C9%99t" title="Təsvirijə nəčiməsənət – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Təsvirijə 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Merge plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-move" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Merge-arrows.svg/50px-Merge-arrows.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Merge-arrows.svg/75px-Merge-arrows.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Merge-arrows.svg/100px-Merge-arrows.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="50" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">It has been suggested that this article be <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Merging" title="Wikipedia:Merging">merged</a> with <i><a href="/wiki/Art" title="Art">Art</a></i>. (<a href="/wiki/Talk:Art#Art_vs_The_arts_vs_Visual_arts_merges" title="Talk:Art">Discuss</a>)<small><i> Proposed since October 2024.</i></small></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Art forms involving visual perception</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Visual Arts" redirects here. For the video game publisher, see <a href="/wiki/Visual_Arts_(company)" title="Visual Arts (company)">Visual Arts (company)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vincent_van_Gogh_-_The_Church_in_Auvers-sur-Oise,_View_from_the_Chevet_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Vincent van Gogh painting The Church at Auvers from 1890 gray church against blue sky" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Vincent_van_Gogh_-_The_Church_in_Auvers-sur-Oise%2C_View_from_the_Chevet_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/220px-Vincent_van_Gogh_-_The_Church_in_Auvers-sur-Oise%2C_View_from_the_Chevet_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="284" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Vincent_van_Gogh_-_The_Church_in_Auvers-sur-Oise%2C_View_from_the_Chevet_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/330px-Vincent_van_Gogh_-_The_Church_in_Auvers-sur-Oise%2C_View_from_the_Chevet_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Vincent_van_Gogh_-_The_Church_in_Auvers-sur-Oise%2C_View_from_the_Chevet_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/440px-Vincent_van_Gogh_-_The_Church_in_Auvers-sur-Oise%2C_View_from_the_Chevet_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3434" data-file-height="4433" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/The_Church_at_Auvers" title="The Church at Auvers">The Church at Auvers</a></i>, an <a href="/wiki/Oil_painting" title="Oil painting">oil painting</a> by <a href="/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh">Vincent van Gogh</a> (1890)</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>visual arts</b> are <a href="/wiki/Art_form" class="mw-redirect" title="Art form">art forms</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Painting" title="Painting">painting</a>, <a href="/wiki/Drawing" title="Drawing">drawing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Printmaking" title="Printmaking">printmaking</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sculpture" title="Sculpture">sculpture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ceramics_(art)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ceramics (art)">ceramics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Photography" title="Photography">photography</a>, <a href="/wiki/Video" title="Video">video</a>, <a href="/wiki/Filmmaking" title="Filmmaking">filmmaking</a>, <a href="/wiki/Comics" title="Comics">comics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Design" title="Design">design</a>, <a href="/wiki/Craft" title="Craft">crafts</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Architecture" title="Architecture">architecture</a>. Many <a href="/wiki/Artistic" class="mw-redirect" title="Artistic">artistic</a> disciplines, such as <a href="/wiki/Performing_arts" title="Performing arts">performing arts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Conceptual_art" title="Conceptual art">conceptual art</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Textile_arts" title="Textile arts">textile arts</a>, also involve aspects of the visual arts, as well as arts of other types. Also included within the visual arts<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are the <a href="/wiki/Applied_arts" title="Applied arts">applied arts</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> such as <a href="/wiki/Industrial_design" title="Industrial design">industrial design</a>, <a href="/wiki/Graphic_design" title="Graphic design">graphic design</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fashion_design" title="Fashion design">fashion design</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interior_design" title="Interior design">interior design</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Decorative_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Decorative art">decorative art</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Current usage of the term "visual arts" includes <a href="/wiki/Fine_art" title="Fine art">fine art</a> as well as <a href="/wiki/Applied_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Applied art">applied</a> or <a href="/wiki/Decorative_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Decorative art">decorative arts</a> and <a href="/wiki/Craft" title="Craft">crafts</a>, but this was not always the case. Before the <a href="/wiki/Arts_and_Crafts_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Arts and Crafts Movement">Arts and Crafts Movement</a> in <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">Britain</a> and elsewhere at the turn of the 20th century, the term '<a href="/wiki/Artist" title="Artist">artist</a>' had for some centuries often been restricted to a person working in the fine arts (such as painting, sculpture, or printmaking) and not the decorative arts, crafts, or applied visual arts media. The distinction was emphasized by artists of the Arts and Crafts Movement, who valued vernacular art forms as much as high forms.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Art_school" title="Art school">Art schools</a> made a distinction between the fine arts and the crafts, maintaining that a craftsperson could not be considered a practitioner of <a href="/wiki/The_arts" title="The arts">the arts</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ankh_isis_nefertari.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="drawing of Nefertari with Isis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Ankh_isis_nefertari.jpg/150px-Ankh_isis_nefertari.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="233" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Ankh_isis_nefertari.jpg/225px-Ankh_isis_nefertari.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1d/Ankh_isis_nefertari.jpg 2x" data-file-width="237" data-file-height="368" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Nefertari" title="Nefertari">Nefertari</a> with Isis</figcaption></figure> <p>The increasing tendency to privilege painting, and to a lesser degree sculpture, above other arts has been a feature of <a href="/wiki/Western_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Western art">Western art</a> as well as <a href="/wiki/Eastern_art_history" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern art history">East Asian</a> art. In both regions, painting has been seen as relying to the highest degree on the imagination of the artist and being the furthest removed from manual labour – in <a href="/wiki/Chinese_painting" title="Chinese painting">Chinese painting</a>, the most highly valued styles were those of "scholar-painting", at least in theory practiced by gentleman amateurs. The Western <a href="/wiki/Hierarchy_of_genres" title="Hierarchy of genres">hierarchy of genres</a> reflected similar attitudes. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education_and_training">Education and training</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Visual_arts&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Education and training"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Visual_arts_education" title="Visual arts education">Visual arts education</a></div> <p>Training in the visual arts has generally been through variations of the <a href="/wiki/Apprentice" class="mw-redirect" title="Apprentice">apprentice</a> and workshop systems. In Europe, the <a href="/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance">Renaissance</a> movement to increase the prestige of the artist led to the <a href="/wiki/Academy" title="Academy">academy</a> system for training artists, and today most of the people who are pursuing a career in the arts train in <a href="/wiki/Art_school" title="Art school">art schools</a> at <a href="/wiki/Tertiary_education" title="Tertiary education">tertiary</a> levels. Visual arts have now become an elective subject in most education systems.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/East_Asia" title="East Asia">East Asia</a>, arts education for nonprofessional artists typically focused on brushwork; <a href="/wiki/Calligraphy" title="Calligraphy">calligraphy</a> was numbered among the <a href="/wiki/Six_Arts" title="Six Arts">Six Arts</a> of gentlemen in the Chinese <a href="/wiki/Zhou_dynasty" title="Zhou dynasty">Zhou dynasty</a>, and calligraphy and <a href="/wiki/Chinese_painting" title="Chinese painting">Chinese painting</a> were numbered among the <a href="/wiki/Four_arts" title="Four arts">four arts</a> of <a href="/wiki/Scholar-official" title="Scholar-official">scholar-officials</a> in imperial China.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Leading country in the development of the arts in <a href="/wiki/Latin_America" title="Latin America">Latin America</a>, in 1875 created the National Society of the Stimulus of the Arts, founded by painters <a href="/wiki/Eduardo_Schiaffino" title="Eduardo Schiaffino">Eduardo Schiaffino</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eduardo_S%C3%ADvori" title="Eduardo Sívori">Eduardo Sívori</a>, and other artists. Their guild was rechartered as the National Academy of Fine Arts in 1905 and, in 1923, on the initiative of painter and academic <a href="/wiki/Ernesto_de_la_C%C3%A1rcova" title="Ernesto de la Cárcova">Ernesto de la Cárcova</a>, as a department in the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Buenos_Aires" title="University of Buenos Aires">University of Buenos Aires</a>, the Superior Art School of the Nation. Currently, the leading educational organization for the arts in the country is the <a href="/wiki/Universidad_Nacional_de_las_Artes" title="Universidad Nacional de las Artes">UNA Universidad Nacional de las Artes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Drawing">Drawing</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Visual_arts&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Drawing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Drawing" title="Drawing">Drawing</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Female_Warrior_-14_%22Extinction%22.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A detailed drawing of a female warrior titled 'Extinction' by Christiaan Tonnis, created in 1981 with graphite and colored pencils, measuring 13.6 x 18.5 inches. Belongs to Kunstverein Familie Montez since December 2010." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Female_Warrior_-14_%22Extinction%22.jpg/220px-Female_Warrior_-14_%22Extinction%22.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="313" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Female_Warrior_-14_%22Extinction%22.jpg/330px-Female_Warrior_-14_%22Extinction%22.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Female_Warrior_-14_%22Extinction%22.jpg/440px-Female_Warrior_-14_%22Extinction%22.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Christiaan_Tonnis" title="Christiaan Tonnis">Christiaan Tonnis</a> - Female Warrior #14 'Extinction', pencil and colored pencil on paper, 1981</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Drawing" title="Drawing">Drawing</a> is a means of making an <a href="/wiki/Image" title="Image">image</a>, illustration or graphic using any of a wide variety of tools and techniques available online and offline. It generally involves making marks on a surface by applying pressure from a tool, or moving a tool across a surface using dry media such as <a href="/wiki/Graphite" title="Graphite">graphite</a> <a href="/wiki/Pencil" title="Pencil">pencils</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pen_and_ink" class="mw-redirect" title="Pen and ink">pen and ink</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ink" title="Ink">inked</a> <a href="/wiki/Brush" title="Brush">brushes</a>, wax <a href="/wiki/Color_pencil" class="mw-redirect" title="Color pencil">color pencils</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crayon" title="Crayon">crayons</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charcoal" title="Charcoal">charcoals</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pastel" title="Pastel">pastels</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Marker_pen" title="Marker pen">markers</a>. Digital tools, including pens, <a href="/wiki/Stylus" title="Stylus">stylus</a>, that simulate the effects of these are also used. The main techniques used in drawing are: line drawing, <a href="/wiki/Hatching" title="Hatching">hatching</a>, crosshatching, random hatching, <a href="/wiki/Shading" title="Shading">shading</a>, scribbling, <a href="/wiki/Stippling" title="Stippling">stippling</a>, and blending. An artist who excels at drawing is referred to as a <i>draftsman</i> or <i>draughtsman</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Drawing and painting go back tens of thousands of years. <a href="/wiki/Art_of_the_Upper_Paleolithic" title="Art of the Upper Paleolithic">Art of the Upper Paleolithic</a> includes <a href="/wiki/Figurative_art" title="Figurative art">figurative art</a> beginning between about 40,000 to 35,000 years ago. <a href="/wiki/Non-figurative" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-figurative">Non-figurative</a> <a href="/wiki/Cave_painting" title="Cave painting">cave paintings</a> consisting of hand stencils and simple geometric shapes are even older. Paleolithic <a href="/wiki/Cave_painting" title="Cave painting">cave representations</a> of animals are found in areas such as <a href="/wiki/Lascaux" title="Lascaux">Lascaux, France</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cave_of_Altamira" title="Cave of Altamira">Altamira, Spain</a> in Europe, <a href="/wiki/Caves_in_the_Maros-Pangkep_karst" title="Caves in the Maros-Pangkep karst">Maros, Sulawesi</a> in Asia, and <a href="/wiki/Gabarnmung" title="Gabarnmung">Gabarnmung</a>, Australia. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Art_of_ancient_Egypt" title="Art of ancient Egypt">ancient Egypt</a>, ink drawings on <a href="/wiki/Papyrus" title="Papyrus">papyrus</a>, often depicting people, were used as models for painting or sculpture. Drawings on <a href="/wiki/Pottery_of_ancient_Greece" title="Pottery of ancient Greece">Greek vases</a>, initially geometric, later developed into the human form with <a href="/wiki/Black-figure_pottery" title="Black-figure pottery">black-figure pottery</a> during the 7th century BC.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With <a href="/wiki/History_of_paper" title="History of paper">paper</a> becoming common in Europe by the 15th century, drawing was adopted by masters such as <a href="/wiki/Sandro_Botticelli" title="Sandro Botticelli">Sandro Botticelli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Raphael" title="Raphael">Raphael</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michelangelo" title="Michelangelo">Michelangelo</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Leonardo_da_Vinci" title="Leonardo da Vinci">Leonardo da Vinci</a>, who sometimes treated drawing as an art in its own right rather than a preparatory stage for painting or sculpture. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Painting">Painting</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Visual_arts&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Painting"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Painting" title="Painting">Painting</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Painting" title="Painting">Painting</a> taken literally is the practice of applying <a href="/wiki/Pigment" title="Pigment">pigment</a> suspended in a carrier (or <a href="/wiki/Paint#Components" title="Paint">medium</a>) and a binding agent (a <a href="/wiki/Adhesive" title="Adhesive">glue</a>) to a surface (support) such as <a href="/wiki/Paper" title="Paper">paper</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canvas" title="Canvas">canvas</a> or a wall. However, when used in an artistic sense it means the use of this activity in combination with <a href="/wiki/Drawing" title="Drawing">drawing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Composition_(visual_arts)" title="Composition (visual arts)">composition</a>, or other aesthetic considerations in order to manifest the expressive and conceptual intention of the practitioner. Painting is also used to express spiritual motifs and ideas; sites of this kind of painting range from artwork depicting mythological figures on pottery to <a href="/wiki/Sistine_Chapel" title="Sistine Chapel">The Sistine Chapel</a>, to the human body itself.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="History">History</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Visual_arts&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_painting" title="History of painting">History of painting</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Origins_and_early_history">Origins and early history</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Visual_arts&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Origins and early history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lascaux_painting.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Lascaux_painting.jpg/220px-Lascaux_painting.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Lascaux_painting.jpg/330px-Lascaux_painting.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Lascaux_painting.jpg/440px-Lascaux_painting.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="472" /></a><figcaption>Lascaux painting</figcaption></figure> <p>Like drawing, painting has its documented origins in caves and on rock faces. The finest examples, believed by some to be 32,000 years old, are in the <a href="/wiki/Chauvet_Cave" title="Chauvet Cave">Chauvet</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lascaux" title="Lascaux">Lascaux</a> caves in southern France. In shades of red, brown, yellow and black, the paintings on the walls and ceilings are of bison, cattle, horses and deer. </p><p>Paintings of human figures can be found in the tombs of ancient Egypt. In the great temple of <a href="/wiki/Ramses_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramses II">Ramses II</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nefertari" title="Nefertari">Nefertari</a>, his queen, is depicted being led by <a href="/wiki/Isis" title="Isis">Isis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Greeks" title="Greeks">Greeks</a> contributed to painting but much of their work has been lost. One of the best remaining representations are the <a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_art" title="Hellenistic art">Hellenistic</a> <a href="/wiki/Fayum_mummy_portraits" title="Fayum mummy portraits">Fayum mummy portraits</a>. Another example is mosaic of the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Issus" title="Battle of Issus">Battle of Issus</a> at <a href="/wiki/Pompeii" title="Pompeii">Pompeii</a>, which was probably based on a Greek painting. Greek and Roman art contributed to <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_art" title="Byzantine art">Byzantine art</a> in the 4th century BC, which initiated a tradition in icon painting.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="The_Renaissance">The Renaissance</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Visual_arts&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: The Renaissance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Italian_Renaissance_painting" title="Italian Renaissance painting">Italian Renaissance painting</a></div> <p>Apart from the <a href="/wiki/Illuminated_manuscripts" class="mw-redirect" title="Illuminated manuscripts">illuminated manuscripts</a> produced by monks during the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a>, the next significant contribution to European art was from <a href="/wiki/Italian_Renaissance_painting" title="Italian Renaissance painting">Italy's renaissance painters</a>. From <a href="/wiki/Giotto" title="Giotto">Giotto</a> in the 13th century to <a href="/wiki/Leonardo_da_Vinci" title="Leonardo da Vinci">Leonardo da Vinci</a> and <a href="/wiki/Raphael" title="Raphael">Raphael</a> at the beginning of the 16th century, this was the richest period in <a href="/wiki/Art_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Art of Italy">Italian art</a> as the <i><a href="/wiki/Chiaroscuro" title="Chiaroscuro">chiaroscuro</a></i> techniques were used to create the illusion of 3-D space.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Painters in northern Europe too were influenced by the Italian school. <a href="/wiki/Jan_van_Eyck" title="Jan van Eyck">Jan van Eyck</a> from Belgium, <a href="/wiki/Pieter_Bruegel_the_Elder" title="Pieter Bruegel the Elder">Pieter Bruegel the Elder</a> from the Netherlands and <a href="/wiki/Hans_Holbein_the_Younger" title="Hans Holbein the Younger">Hans Holbein the Younger</a> from Germany are among the most successful painters of the times. They used the <a href="/wiki/Glaze_(painting_technique)" title="Glaze (painting technique)">glazing technique</a> with oils to achieve depth and luminosity. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Dutch_masters">Dutch masters</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Visual_arts&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Dutch masters"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Golden_Age_painting" title="Dutch Golden Age painting">Dutch Golden Age painting</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Nightwatch_by_Rembrandt_-_Rijksmuseum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Rembrandt painting Night Watch two men striding forward with a crowd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/The_Nightwatch_by_Rembrandt_-_Rijksmuseum.jpg/220px-The_Nightwatch_by_Rembrandt_-_Rijksmuseum.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/The_Nightwatch_by_Rembrandt_-_Rijksmuseum.jpg/330px-The_Nightwatch_by_Rembrandt_-_Rijksmuseum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/The_Nightwatch_by_Rembrandt_-_Rijksmuseum.jpg/440px-The_Nightwatch_by_Rembrandt_-_Rijksmuseum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="14168" data-file-height="11528" /></a><figcaption>Rembrandt: <i><a href="/wiki/The_Night_Watch" title="The Night Watch">The Night Watch</a></i>, 1642</figcaption></figure> <p>The 17th century witnessed the emergence of the great Dutch masters such as the versatile <a href="/wiki/Rembrandt" title="Rembrandt">Rembrandt</a> who was especially remembered for his portraits and Bible scenes, and <a href="/wiki/Vermeer" class="mw-redirect" title="Vermeer">Vermeer</a> who specialized in interior scenes of Dutch life. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Baroque">Baroque</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Visual_arts&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Baroque"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Baroque" title="Baroque">Baroque</a></div> <p>The Baroque started after the Renaissance, from the late 16th century to the late 17th century. Main artists of the Baroque included <a href="/wiki/Caravaggio" title="Caravaggio">Caravaggio</a>, who made heavy use of <a href="/wiki/Tenebrism" title="Tenebrism">tenebrism</a>. <a href="/wiki/Peter_Paul_Rubens" title="Peter Paul Rubens">Peter Paul Rubens</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Flemish_people" title="Flemish people">Flemish</a> painter who studied in Italy, worked for local churches in <a href="/wiki/Antwerp" title="Antwerp">Antwerp</a> and also painted a series for <a href="/wiki/Marie_de%27_Medici" title="Marie de' Medici">Marie de' Medici</a>. <a href="/wiki/Annibale_Carracci" title="Annibale Carracci">Annibale Carracci</a> took influences from the <a href="/wiki/Sistine_Chapel" title="Sistine Chapel">Sistine Chapel</a> and created the genre of <a href="/wiki/Illusionistic_ceiling_painting" title="Illusionistic ceiling painting">illusionistic ceiling painting</a>. Much of the development that happened in the Baroque was because of the <a href="/wiki/Protestant_Reformation" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant Reformation">Protestant Reformation</a> and the resulting <a href="/wiki/Counter_Reformation" class="mw-redirect" title="Counter Reformation">Counter Reformation</a>. Much of what defines the Baroque is dramatic lighting and overall visuals.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Impressionism">Impressionism</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Visual_arts&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Impressionism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Impressionism" title="Impressionism">Impressionism</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Monet_-_Impression,_Sunrise.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Monet_-_Impression%2C_Sunrise.jpg/220px-Monet_-_Impression%2C_Sunrise.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Monet_-_Impression%2C_Sunrise.jpg/330px-Monet_-_Impression%2C_Sunrise.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Monet_-_Impression%2C_Sunrise.jpg/440px-Monet_-_Impression%2C_Sunrise.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5773" data-file-height="4478" /></a><figcaption>Claude Monet: <a href="/wiki/Impression,_Sunrise" title="Impression, Sunrise">Impression, Sunrise</a> (1872)</figcaption></figure> <p>Impressionism began in France in the 19th century with a loose association of artists including <a href="/wiki/Claude_Monet" title="Claude Monet">Claude Monet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pierre-Auguste_Renoir" title="Pierre-Auguste Renoir">Pierre-Auguste Renoir</a> and <a href="/wiki/Paul_C%C3%A9zanne" title="Paul Cézanne">Paul Cézanne</a> who brought a new freely brushed style to painting, often choosing to paint realistic scenes of modern life outside rather than in the studio. This was achieved through a new expression of aesthetic features demonstrated by brush strokes and the impression of reality. They achieved intense color vibration by using pure, unmixed colors and short brush strokes. The movement influenced art as a dynamic, moving through time and adjusting to newfound techniques and perception of art. Attention to detail became less of a priority in achieving, whilst exploring a biased view of landscapes and nature to the artist's eye.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Post-impressionism">Post-impressionism</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Visual_arts&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Post-impressionism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Post-Impressionism" title="Post-Impressionism">Post-Impressionism</a></div> <p>Towards the end of the 19th century, several young painters took impressionism a stage further, using geometric forms and unnatural color to depict emotions while striving for deeper symbolism. Of particular note are <a href="/wiki/Paul_Gauguin" title="Paul Gauguin">Paul Gauguin</a>, who was strongly influenced by Asian, African and Japanese art, <a href="/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh">Vincent van Gogh</a>, a Dutchman who moved to France where he drew on the strong sunlight of the south, and <a href="/wiki/Henri_de_Toulouse-Lautrec" title="Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec">Toulouse-Lautrec</a>, remembered for his vivid paintings of night life in the Paris district of <a href="/wiki/Montmartre" title="Montmartre">Montmartre</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Symbolism,_expressionism_and_cubism"><span id="Symbolism.2C_expressionism_and_cubism"></span>Symbolism, expressionism and cubism</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Visual_arts&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Symbolism, expressionism and cubism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Modern_art" title="Modern art">Modern art</a></div><p><a href="/wiki/Edvard_Munch" title="Edvard Munch">Edvard Munch</a>, a Norwegian artist, developed his symbolistic approach at the end of the 19th century, inspired by the French impressionist <a href="/wiki/Manet" class="mw-redirect" title="Manet">Manet</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Scream" title="The Scream">The Scream</a></i> (1893), his most famous work, is widely interpreted as representing the universal anxiety of modern man. Partly as a result of Munch's influence, the German <a href="/wiki/Expressionism" title="Expressionism">expressionist</a> movement originated in Germany at the beginning of the 20th century as artists such as <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Ludwig_Kirchner" title="Ernst Ludwig Kirchner">Ernst Kirschner</a> and <a href="/wiki/Erich_Heckel" title="Erich Heckel">Erich Heckel</a> began to distort reality for an emotional effect. </p><p>In parallel, the style known as <a href="/wiki/Cubism" title="Cubism">cubism</a> developed in France as artists focused on the volume and space of sharp structures within a composition. <a href="/wiki/Pablo_Picasso" title="Pablo Picasso">Pablo Picasso</a> and <a href="/wiki/Georges_Braque" title="Georges Braque">Georges Braque</a> were the leading proponents of the movement. Objects are broken up, analyzed, and re-assembled in an abstracted form. By the 1920s, the style had developed into <a href="/wiki/Surrealism" title="Surrealism">surrealism</a> with <a href="/wiki/Salvador_Dal%C3%AD" title="Salvador Dalí">Dali</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Magritte" title="René Magritte">Magritte</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Printmaking">Printmaking</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Visual_arts&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Printmaking"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Printmaking" title="Printmaking">Printmaking</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ancient_Chinese_instrumentalists.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Ancient Chinese engraving of female instrumentalists" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Ancient_Chinese_instrumentalists.jpg/150px-Ancient_Chinese_instrumentalists.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Ancient_Chinese_instrumentalists.jpg/225px-Ancient_Chinese_instrumentalists.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Ancient_Chinese_instrumentalists.jpg/300px-Ancient_Chinese_instrumentalists.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1713" data-file-height="1895" /></a><figcaption>Ancient Chinese engraving of female instrumentalists</figcaption></figure> <p>Printmaking is creating, for artistic purposes, an image on a <a href="/wiki/Matrix_(printing)" title="Matrix (printing)">matrix</a> that is then transferred to a two-dimensional (flat) surface by means of ink (or another form of pigmentation). Except in the case of a <a href="/wiki/Monotype" class="mw-redirect" title="Monotype">monotype</a>, the same matrix can be used to produce many examples of the print. </p><p>Historically, the major techniques (also called media) involved are <a href="/wiki/Woodcut" title="Woodcut">woodcut</a>, <a href="/wiki/Line_engraving" title="Line engraving">line engraving</a>, <a href="/wiki/Etching" title="Etching">etching</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lithography" title="Lithography">lithography</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Screen_printing" title="Screen printing">screen printing</a> (serigraphy, silk screening) but there are many others, including modern digital techniques. Normally, the print is printed on <a href="/wiki/Paper" title="Paper">paper</a>, but other mediums range from cloth and <a href="/wiki/Vellum" title="Vellum">vellum</a> to more modern materials. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="European_history">European history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Visual_arts&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: European history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Old_master_print" title="Old master print">Old master print</a></div> <p>Prints in the Western tradition produced before about 1830 are known as <a href="/wiki/Old_master_print" title="Old master print">old master prints</a>. In Europe, from around 1400 AD <a href="/wiki/Woodcut" title="Woodcut">woodcut</a>, was used for master prints on paper by using printing techniques developed in the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine</a> and Islamic worlds. <a href="/wiki/Michael_Wolgemut" title="Michael Wolgemut">Michael Wolgemut</a> improved German woodcut from about 1475, and <a href="/wiki/Erhard_Reuwich" title="Erhard Reuwich">Erhard Reuwich</a>, a Dutchman, was the first to use cross-hatching. At the end of the century <a href="/wiki/Albrecht_D%C3%BCrer" title="Albrecht Dürer">Albrecht Dürer</a> brought the Western woodcut to a stage that has never been surpassed, increasing the status of the single-leaf woodcut.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chinese_origin_and_practice">Chinese origin and practice</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Visual_arts&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Chinese origin and practice"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jingangjing.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="The Chinese Diamond Sutra, the world's oldest Woodblock printing book from 868 CE" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Jingangjing.jpg/220px-Jingangjing.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Jingangjing.jpg/330px-Jingangjing.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Jingangjing.jpg/440px-Jingangjing.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4917" data-file-height="3438" /></a><figcaption>The Chinese <i><a href="/wiki/Diamond_Sutra" title="Diamond Sutra">Diamond Sutra</a></i>, the world's oldest <a href="/wiki/Woodblock_printing" title="Woodblock printing">printed</a> book (868 CE)</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Woodblock_printing" title="Woodblock printing">Woodblock printing</a></div> <p>In China, the art of printmaking developed some 1,100 years ago as illustrations alongside text cut in woodblocks for printing on paper. Initially images were mainly religious but in the <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a>, artists began to cut landscapes. During the <a href="/wiki/Ming_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Ming Dynasty">Ming</a> (1368–1644) and <a href="/wiki/Qing_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Qing Dynasty">Qing</a> (1616–1911) dynasties, the technique was perfected for both religious and artistic engravings.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Development_in_Japan_1603–1867"><span id="Development_in_Japan_1603.E2.80.931867"></span>Development in Japan 1603–1867</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Visual_arts&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Development in Japan 1603–1867"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Woodblock_printing_in_Japan" title="Woodblock printing in Japan">Woodblock printing in Japan</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Red_Fuji_southern_wind_clear_morning.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Hokusai color print "Red Fuji southern wind clear morning" from Thirty-six Views of Mount Fuji" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Red_Fuji_southern_wind_clear_morning.jpg/220px-Red_Fuji_southern_wind_clear_morning.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Red_Fuji_southern_wind_clear_morning.jpg/330px-Red_Fuji_southern_wind_clear_morning.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Red_Fuji_southern_wind_clear_morning.jpg/440px-Red_Fuji_southern_wind_clear_morning.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4400" data-file-height="2937" /></a><figcaption> <a href="/wiki/Hokusai" title="Hokusai">Hokusai</a>: <i><a href="/wiki/Red_Fuji" class="mw-redirect" title="Red Fuji">Red Fuji</a></i> from <i><a href="/wiki/Thirty-six_Views_of_Mount_Fuji" title="Thirty-six Views of Mount Fuji">Thirty-six Views of Mount Fuji</a></i> (1830–1832)</figcaption></figure> <p>Woodblock printing in Japan (Japanese: 木版画, moku hanga) is a technique best known for its use in the <a href="/wiki/Ukiyo-e" title="Ukiyo-e">ukiyo-e</a> artistic genre; however, it was also used very widely for printing <a href="/wiki/E-hon" title="E-hon">illustrated books</a> in the same period. Woodblock printing had been used in China for centuries to print books, long before the advent of movable type, but was only widely adopted in Japan during the <a href="/wiki/Edo_period" title="Edo period">Edo period</a> (1603–1867).<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-surface_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-surface-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although similar to woodcut in western printmaking in some regards, moku hanga differs greatly in that water-based inks are used (as opposed to western woodcut, which uses oil-based inks), allowing for a wide range of vivid color, glazes and color transparency. </p><p>After the decline of <i>ukiyo-e</i> and introduction of modern printing technologies, woodblock printing continued as a method for printing texts as well as for producing art, both within traditional modes such as <i>ukiyo-e</i> and in a variety of more radical or Western forms that might be construed as <a href="/wiki/Modern_art" title="Modern art">modern art</a>. In the early 20th century, <i><a href="/wiki/Shin-hanga" title="Shin-hanga">shin-hanga</a></i> that fused the tradition of <i>ukiyo-e</i> with the techniques of Western paintings became popular, and the works of <a href="/wiki/Hasui_Kawase" title="Hasui Kawase">Hasui Kawase</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hiroshi_Yoshida" title="Hiroshi Yoshida">Hiroshi Yoshida</a> gained international popularity.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Institutes such as the "Adachi Institute of Woodblock Prints" and "Takezasado" continue to produce ukiyo-e prints with the same materials and methods as used in the past.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Photography">Photography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Visual_arts&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Photography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Photography" title="Photography">Photography</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Photography" title="Photography">Photography</a> is the process of making pictures by means of the action of light. The light patterns reflected or emitted from objects are recorded onto a sensitive medium or storage chip through a timed <a href="/wiki/Exposure_(photography)" title="Exposure (photography)">exposure</a>. The process is done through mechanical <a href="/wiki/Shutter_(photography)" title="Shutter (photography)">shutters</a> or electronically timed exposure of <a href="/wiki/Photon" title="Photon">photons</a> into <a href="/wiki/Chemical" class="mw-redirect" title="Chemical">chemical</a> processing or <a href="/wiki/Digitizing" class="mw-redirect" title="Digitizing">digitizing</a> devices known as <a href="/wiki/Camera" title="Camera">cameras</a>. </p><p>The word comes from the Greek φως <i>phos</i> ("light"), and γραφις <i>graphis</i> ("stylus", "paintbrush") or γραφη <i>graphê</i>, together meaning "drawing with light" or "representation by means of lines" or "drawing." Traditionally, the product of photography has been called a <a href="/wiki/Photograph" title="Photograph">photograph</a>. The term <i>photo</i> is an abbreviation; many people also call them <i>pictures.</i> In digital photography, the term <i>image</i> has begun to replace <i>photograph.</i> (The term <i>image</i> is traditional in geometric <a href="/wiki/Optics" title="Optics">optics</a>.) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Architecture">Architecture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Visual_arts&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Architecture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_BIM_software" title="List of BIM software">List of BIM software</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rennes-Place-du-Champ-Jacquet-Statue-Leperdit-Mars-2020.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Rennes-Place-du-Champ-Jacquet-Statue-Leperdit-Mars-2020.jpg/220px-Rennes-Place-du-Champ-Jacquet-Statue-Leperdit-Mars-2020.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Rennes-Place-du-Champ-Jacquet-Statue-Leperdit-Mars-2020.jpg/330px-Rennes-Place-du-Champ-Jacquet-Statue-Leperdit-Mars-2020.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Rennes-Place-du-Champ-Jacquet-Statue-Leperdit-Mars-2020.jpg/440px-Rennes-Place-du-Champ-Jacquet-Statue-Leperdit-Mars-2020.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4864" data-file-height="3648" /></a><figcaption>Timber-framed houses in Brittany</figcaption></figure> <p>Architecture is the process and the product of <a href="/wiki/Planning" title="Planning">planning</a>, <a href="/wiki/Design" title="Design">designing</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Construction" title="Construction">constructing</a> <a href="/wiki/Building" title="Building">buildings</a> or any other structures. Architectural works, in the material form of buildings, are often perceived as <a href="/wiki/Cultural_symbol" class="mw-redirect" title="Cultural symbol">cultural symbols</a> and as works of art. Historical civilizations are often identified with their surviving architectural achievements. </p><p>The earliest surviving written work on the subject of architecture is <i><a href="/wiki/De_architectura" title="De architectura">De architectura</a></i>, by the Roman architect <a href="/wiki/Vitruvius" title="Vitruvius">Vitruvius</a> in the early 1st century AD. According to Vitruvius, a good building should satisfy the three principles of firmitas, utilitas, venustas, commonly known by the original translation – <a href="/wiki/Firmness,_commodity_and_delight" class="mw-redirect" title="Firmness, commodity and delight">firmness, commodity and delight</a>. An equivalent in modern English would be: </p> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Durability" title="Durability">Durability</a> – a building should stand up robustly and remain in good condition.</li> <li>Utility – it should be suitable for the purposes for which it is used.</li> <li>Beauty – it should be aesthetically pleasing.</li></ol> <p>Building first evolved out of the dynamics between needs (shelter, security, worship, etc.) and means (available <a href="/wiki/Building_material" title="Building material">building materials</a> and attendant skills). As human cultures developed and knowledge began to be formalized through oral traditions and practices, building became a <a href="/wiki/Craft" title="Craft">craft</a>, and "architecture" is the name given to the most highly formalized and respected versions of that craft. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Filmmaking">Filmmaking</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Visual_arts&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Filmmaking"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Filmmaking" title="Filmmaking">Filmmaking</a></div> <p>Filmmaking is the process of making a <a href="/wiki/Film" title="Film">motion-picture</a>, from an initial conception and research, through scriptwriting, shooting and recording, animation or other special effects, editing, sound and music work and finally distribution to an audience; it refers broadly to the creation of all types of films, embracing documentary, strains of theatre and literature in film, and poetic or experimental practices, and is often used to refer to video-based processes as well. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Computer_art">Computer art</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Visual_arts&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Computer art"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Computer_art" title="Computer art">Computer art</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Digital_art" title="Digital art">Digital art</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki.picture_by_drawing_machine_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Wiki.picture_by_drawing_machine_1.jpg/200px-Wiki.picture_by_drawing_machine_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="242" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Wiki.picture_by_drawing_machine_1.jpg/300px-Wiki.picture_by_drawing_machine_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Wiki.picture_by_drawing_machine_1.jpg/400px-Wiki.picture_by_drawing_machine_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="590" data-file-height="715" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Desmond_Paul_Henry" title="Desmond Paul Henry">Desmond Paul Henry</a>, Picture by Drawing Machine 1, c. 1960</figcaption></figure> <p>Visual artists are no longer limited to traditional visual <a href="/wiki/List_of_art_media" title="List of art media">arts media</a>. Computers have been used as an ever more common tool in the visual arts since the 1960s. Uses include the <a href="/wiki/Image_capture" class="mw-redirect" title="Image capture">capturing</a> or creating of images and forms, the editing of those images (including exploring multiple <a href="/wiki/Composition_(visual_arts)" title="Composition (visual arts)">compositions</a>) and the final <a href="/wiki/Artistic_rendering" class="mw-redirect" title="Artistic rendering">rendering</a> or <a href="/wiki/Printing" title="Printing">printing</a> (including <a href="/wiki/3D_printing" title="3D printing">3D printing</a>). <b>Computer art</b> is any in which computers played a role in production or display. Such art can be an image, sound, <a href="/wiki/Computer_animation" title="Computer animation">animation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Video" title="Video">video</a>, <a href="/wiki/CD-ROM" title="CD-ROM">CD-ROM</a>, <a href="/wiki/DVD" title="DVD">DVD</a>, <a href="/wiki/Video_game" title="Video game">video game</a>, <a href="/wiki/Website" title="Website">website</a>, <a href="/wiki/Algorithm" title="Algorithm">algorithm</a>, <a href="/wiki/Performance" title="Performance">performance</a> or gallery installation. </p><p>Many traditional disciplines now integrate <a href="/wiki/Digital_data" title="Digital data">digital</a> technologies, so the lines between traditional works of art and <a href="/wiki/New_media" title="New media">new media</a> works created using computers, have been blurred. For instance, an artist may combine traditional painting with <a href="/wiki/Algorithmic_art" title="Algorithmic art">algorithmic art</a> and other digital techniques. As a result, defining computer art by its end product can be difficult. Nevertheless, this type of art is beginning to appear in art museum exhibits, though it has yet to prove its legitimacy as a form unto itself and this technology is widely seen in contemporary art more as a tool, rather than a form as with painting. On the other hand, there are computer-based artworks which belong to a new <a href="/wiki/Conceptual_art" title="Conceptual art">conceptual</a> and <a href="/wiki/Postdigital" title="Postdigital">postdigital</a> strand, assuming the same technologies, and their social impact, as an object of inquiry. </p><p>Computer usage has blurred the distinctions between <a href="/wiki/Illustrator" title="Illustrator">illustrators</a>, <a href="/wiki/Photographer" title="Photographer">photographers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Image_editing" title="Image editing">photo editors</a>, <a href="/wiki/3D_modeling" title="3D modeling">3-D modelers</a>, and handicraft artists. Sophisticated rendering and editing software has led to multi-skilled image developers. <a href="/wiki/Photographer" title="Photographer">Photographers</a> may become <a href="/wiki/Digital_art" title="Digital art">digital artists</a>. Illustrators may become <a href="/wiki/Animator" title="Animator">animators</a>. Handicraft may be <a href="/wiki/Computer-aided" title="Computer-aided">computer-aided</a> or use <a href="/wiki/Computer-generated_imagery" title="Computer-generated imagery">computer-generated imagery</a> as a template. Computer <a href="/wiki/Clip_art" title="Clip art">clip art</a> usage has also made the clear distinction between visual arts and <a href="/wiki/Page_layout" title="Page layout">page layout</a> less obvious due to the easy access and editing of clip art in the process of <a href="/wiki/Pagination" title="Pagination">paginating</a> a document, especially to the unskilled observer. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Plastic_arts">Plastic arts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Visual_arts&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Plastic arts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Plastic_arts" title="Plastic arts">Plastic arts</a></div> <p><b>Plastic arts</b> is a term for art forms that involve physical manipulation of a plastic medium by moulding or modeling such as <a href="/wiki/Sculpture" title="Sculpture">sculpture</a> or <a href="/wiki/Ceramic" title="Ceramic">ceramics</a>. The term has also been applied to <i>all the visual (non-literary, non-musical) arts</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Materials that can be carved or shaped, such as stone or wood, concrete or steel, have also been included in the narrower definition, since, with appropriate tools, such materials are also capable of modulation.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> This use of the term "plastic" in the arts should not be confused with <a href="/wiki/Piet_Mondrian" title="Piet Mondrian">Piet Mondrian</a>'s use, nor with the movement he termed, in French and English, "<a href="/wiki/Neoplasticism" title="Neoplasticism">Neoplasticism</a>." </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sculpture">Sculpture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Visual_arts&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Sculpture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sculpture" title="Sculpture">Sculpture</a></div> <p>Sculpture is <a href="/wiki/Three-dimensional_space" title="Three-dimensional space">three-dimensional</a> <a href="/wiki/Work_of_art" title="Work of art">artwork</a> created by shaping or combining hard or <a href="/wiki/Plastic" title="Plastic">plastic</a> material, sound, or text and or light, commonly <a href="/wiki/Stone_sculpture" title="Stone sculpture">stone</a> (either <a href="/wiki/Rock_(geology)" title="Rock (geology)">rock</a> or <a href="/wiki/Marble" title="Marble">marble</a>), <a href="/wiki/Clay" title="Clay">clay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Metal" title="Metal">metal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glass" title="Glass">glass</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Wood" title="Wood">wood</a>. Some sculptures are created directly by finding or <a href="/wiki/Carving" title="Carving">carving</a>; others are assembled, built together and <a href="/wiki/Kiln" title="Kiln">fired</a>, <a href="/wiki/Welding" title="Welding">welded</a>, <a href="/wiki/Molding_(process)" title="Molding (process)">molded</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Casting" title="Casting">cast</a>. Sculptures are often <a href="/wiki/Paint" title="Paint">painted</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A person who creates sculptures is called a sculptor. </p><p>The earliest undisputed examples of sculpture belong to the <a href="/wiki/Aurignacian_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Aurignacian culture">Aurignacian culture</a>, which was located in Europe and southwest Asia and active at the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/Upper_Paleolithic" title="Upper Paleolithic">Upper Paleolithic</a>. As well as producing some of the earliest known <a href="/wiki/Cave_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Cave art">cave art</a>, the people of this culture developed finely-crafted stone tools, manufacturing pendants, bracelets, ivory beads, and bone-flutes, as well as three-dimensional figurines.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Because sculpture involves the use of materials that can be moulded or modulated, it is considered one of the <a href="/wiki/Plastic_arts" title="Plastic arts">plastic arts</a>. The majority of <a href="/wiki/Public_art" title="Public art">public art</a> is sculpture. Many sculptures together in a <a href="/wiki/Garden" title="Garden">garden</a> setting may be referred to as a <a href="/wiki/Sculpture_garden" title="Sculpture garden">sculpture garden</a>. Sculptors do not always make sculptures by hand. With increasing technology in the 20th century and the popularity of <a href="/wiki/Conceptual_art" title="Conceptual art">conceptual art</a> over technical mastery, more sculptors turned to <a href="/wiki/Art_fabrication" title="Art fabrication">art fabricators</a> to produce their artworks. With fabrication, the artist creates a design and pays a fabricator to produce it. This allows sculptors to create larger and more complex sculptures out of materials like cement, metal and plastic, that they would not be able to create by hand. Sculptures can also be made with <a href="/wiki/3-d_printing" class="mw-redirect" title="3-d printing">3-d printing</a> technology. </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="US_copyright_definition_of_visual_art">US copyright definition of visual art</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Visual_arts&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: US copyright definition of visual art"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the United States, the law protecting the copyright over a piece of visual art gives a more restrictive definition of "visual art".<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <blockquote> <p>A "work of visual art" is — <br />(1) a painting, drawing, print or sculpture, existing in a single copy, in a limited edition of 200 copies or fewer that are signed and consecutively numbered by the author, or, in the case of a sculpture, in multiple cast, carved, or fabricated sculptures of 200 or fewer that are consecutively numbered by the author and bear the signature or other identifying mark of the author; or <br />(2) a still photographic image produced for exhibition purposes only, existing in a single copy that is signed by the author, or in a limited edition of 200 copies or fewer that are signed and consecutively numbered by the author.<br /><br /> A work of visual art does not include — <br />(A)(i) any poster, map, globe, chart, <a href="/wiki/Technical_drawing" title="Technical drawing">technical drawing</a>, diagram, model, applied art, motion picture or other audiovisual work, book, magazine, newspaper, periodical, data base, electronic information service, electronic publication, or similar publication; <br />  (ii) any merchandising item or advertising, promotional, descriptive, covering, or packaging material or container; <br />  (iii) any portion or part of any item described in clause (i) or (ii); <br />(B) any <a href="/wiki/Work_for_hire" title="Work for hire">work made for hire</a>; or <br />(C) any work not subject to copyright protection under this title. </p> </blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Visual_arts&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_visual_arts" class="mw-redirect" title="Outline of visual arts">Outline of visual arts</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_materials" class="mw-redirect" title="Art materials">Art materials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asemic_writing" title="Asemic writing">Asemic writing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collage" title="Collage">Collage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_cultural_property" title="Conservation and restoration of cultural property">Conservation and restoration of cultural property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crowdsourcing_creative_work" class="mw-redirect" title="Crowdsourcing creative work">Crowdsourcing creative work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9collage" title="Décollage">Décollage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_art" title="Environmental art">Environmental art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Found_object" title="Found object">Found object</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graffiti" title="Graffiti">Graffiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_art" title="History of art">History of art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illustration" title="Illustration">Illustration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Installation_art" title="Installation art">Installation art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interactive_art" title="Interactive art">Interactive art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landscape_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Landscape art">Landscape art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathematics_and_art" title="Mathematics and art">Mathematics and art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixed_media" title="Mixed media">Mixed media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portrait_painting" title="Portrait painting">Portraiture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Process_art" title="Process art">Process art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recording_medium" class="mw-redirect" title="Recording medium">Recording medium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sketch_(drawing)" title="Sketch (drawing)">Sketch (drawing)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sound_art" title="Sound art">Sound art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vexillography" title="Vexillography">Vexillography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_art" title="Video art">Video art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_arts_and_Theosophy" class="mw-redirect" title="Visual arts and Theosophy">Visual arts and Theosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_impairment_in_art" title="Visual impairment in art">Visual impairment in art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_poetry" title="Visual poetry">Visual poetry</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Visual_arts&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">An About.com article by art expert, Shelley Esaak: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arthistory.about.com/cs/reference/f/visual_arts.htm?p=1">What Is Visual Art?</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150702140440/http://arthistory.about.com/cs/reference/f/visual_arts.htm?p=1">Archived</a> 2 July 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170623143359/http://www.buzzle.com/articles/different-forms-of-art.html"><i>Different Forms of Art – Applied Art</i></a><sup><a href="/wiki/Template:Usurped/doc" title="Template:Usurped/doc">[usurped]</a></sup>. Buzzle.com. Retrieved 11 December 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111028075227/http://www.georgebrown.ca/centres/AD/index.aspx">"Centre for Arts and Design in Toronto, Canada"</a>. Georgebrown.ca. 15 February 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.georgebrown.ca/centres/AD/index.aspx">the original</a> on 28 October 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 October</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Centre+for+Arts+and+Design+in+Toronto%2C+Canada&rft.pub=Georgebrown.ca&rft.date=2011-02-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.georgebrown.ca%2Fcentres%2FAD%2Findex.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVisual+arts" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wwar.com/masters/movements/arts_and_crafts_movement.html">Art History: Arts and Crafts Movement: (1861–1900). 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Webmuseum, Paris.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091016061706/http://www.ibiblio.org/wm/paint/glo/impressionism/">Archived</a> 16 October 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Retrieved 24 October 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/poim/hd_poim.htm">Post-Impressionism. Metropolitan Museum of Art</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190707125803/https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/poim/hd_poim.htm">Archived</a> 7 July 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Retrieved 25 October 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.visual-arts-cork.com/modern-art-movements.htm">Modern Art Movements. <i>Irish Art Encyclopedia</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100126093504/http://www.visual-arts-cork.com/modern-art-movements.htm">Archived</a> 26 January 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Retrieved 25 October 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/prnt/hd_prnt.htm">The Printed Image in the West: History and Techniques. The Metropolitan Museum of Art</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090908034201/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/prnt/hd_prnt.htm">Archived</a> 8 September 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Retrieved 25 October 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.engraving-review.com/chinese-art-engraving.html">Engraving in Chinese Art. From Engraving Review</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120729021616/http://www.engraving-review.com/chinese-art-engraving.html">Archived</a> 29 July 2012 at <a href="/wiki/Archive.today" title="Archive.today">archive.today</a>. Retrieved 23 October 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chinavista.com/experience/engrave/engrave.html">The History of Engraving in China. From ChinaVista</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181017073732/http://www.chinavista.com/experience/engrave/engrave.html">Archived</a> 17 October 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Retrieved 25 October 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://study.com/learn/lesson/history-of-woodblock-printing-in-japan.html">"Japanese Woodblock Prints"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230723230500/https://study.com/learn/lesson/history-of-woodblock-printing-in-japan.html">Archived</a> from the original on 23 July 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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The Surface Finishing Society of Japan.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/culture/2009/10/02/arts/shin-hanga-bringing-ukiyo-e-back-to-life/">Shin hanga bringing ukiyo-e back to life.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210502140501/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/culture/2009/10/02/arts/shin-hanga-bringing-ukiyo-e-back-to-life/">Archived</a> 2021-05-02 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> The Japan Times.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Junko Nishiyama. (2018) 新版画作品集 ―なつかしい風景への旅. p. 18. Tokyo Bijutsu. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-4808711016" title="Special:BookSources/978-4808711016">978-4808711016</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.adachi-hanga.com/">"浮世絵・木版画のアダチ版画研究所"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231019114102/https://www.adachi-hanga.com/">Archived</a> from the original on 19 October 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 February</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E6%B5%AE%E4%B8%96%E7%B5%B5%E3%83%BB%E6%9C%A8%E7%89%88%E7%94%BB%E3%81%AE%E3%82%A2%E3%83%80%E3%83%81%E7%89%88%E7%94%BB%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%89%80&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.adachi-hanga.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVisual+arts" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.takezasa.co.jp/"><bdi lang="ja">木版印刷・伝統木版画工房竹笹堂</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140226230218/http://www.takezasa.co.jp/">Archived</a> from the original on 26 February 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 November</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E6%9C%A8%E7%89%88%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7%E3%83%BB%E4%BC%9D%E7%B5%B1%E6%9C%A8%E7%89%88%E7%94%BB%E5%B7%A5%E6%88%BF+%E7%AB%B9%E7%AC%B9%E5%A0%82&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.takezasa.co.jp%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVisual+arts" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://docs.ksu.edu.sa/DOC/Articles19/Article190588.doc">Art Terminology at KSU</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged October 2011">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/plastic%20arts">"Merriam-Webster Online (entry for "plastic arts")"</a>. Merriam-webster.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190401081818/https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/plastic">Archived</a> from the original on 1 April 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 October</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Merriam-Webster+Online+%28entry+for+%22plastic+arts%22%29&rft.pub=Merriam-webster.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2Fplastic%2520arts&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVisual+arts" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.artmuseums.harvard.edu/exhibitions/sackler/godsInColor.html">Gods in Color: Painted Sculpture of Classical Antiquity 22 September 2007 Through 20 January 2008, The Arthur M. Sackler Museum</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090104060402/http://www.artmuseums.harvard.edu/exhibitions/sackler/godsInColor.html">Archived</a> 4 January 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">P. Mellars, Archeology and the Dispersal of Modern Humans in Europe: Deconstructing the Aurignacian, <i>Evolutionary Anthropology</i>, vol. 15 (2006), pp. 167–82.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFde_Laet,_Sigfried_J.1994" class="citation book cs1">de Laet, Sigfried J. (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=e75T03MIp3sC&pg=PA211"><i>History of Humanity: Prehistory and the beginnings of civilization</i></a>. UNESCO. p. 211. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-92-3-102810-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-92-3-102810-6"><bdi>978-92-3-102810-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Humanity%3A+Prehistory+and+the+beginnings+of+civilization&rft.pages=211&rft.pub=UNESCO&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-92-3-102810-6&rft.au=de+Laet%2C+Sigfried+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3De75T03MIp3sC%26pg%3DPA211&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVisual+arts" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cook, J. (2013) <i>Ice Age art: arrival of the modern mind</i>, The British Museum, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7141-2333-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7141-2333-2">978-0-7141-2333-2</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.copyright.gov/title17/92chap1.html#101">"Copyright Law of the United States of America – Chapter 1 (101. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 October</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Copyright+Law+of+the+United+States+of+America+%E2%80%93+Chapter+1+%28101.+Definitions%29&rft.pub=.gov&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.copyright.gov%2Ftitle17%2F92chap1.html%23101&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVisual+arts" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Visual_arts&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media 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data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Visual_arts" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Visual arts">Visual arts</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Visual_arts#Q36649" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Visual arts">Visual arts</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050424084418/http://www.artlex.com/">ArtLex</a> – online dictionary of visual art terms (archived 24 April 2005)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://calendarforartists.com/">Calendar for Artists</a> – calendar listing of visual art festivals.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metmuseum.org/toah">Art History Timeline</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art" title="Metropolitan Museum of Art">Metropolitan Museum of Art</a>.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Visual_arts" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Branches_of_the_visual_arts" title="Template:Branches of the visual arts"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Branches_of_the_visual_arts" title="Template talk:Branches of the visual arts"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Branches_of_the_visual_arts" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Branches of the visual arts"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Visual_arts" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Visual arts</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture" title="Architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art" title="Art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Body_art" title="Body art">Body art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cartoon" title="Cartoon">Cartoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceramic_art" title="Ceramic art">Ceramics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_art" title="Computer art">Computer art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craft" title="Craft">Craft</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pallet_crafts" title="Pallet crafts">pallet crafts</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decorative_arts" title="Decorative arts">Decorative arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design" title="Design">Design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drawing" title="Drawing">Drawing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_art" title="Digital art">Digital art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filmmaking" title="Filmmaking">Filmmaking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Light_art" title="Light art">Light art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Painting" title="Painting">Painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photography" title="Photography">Photography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Printmaking" title="Printmaking">Printmaking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_art" title="Public art">Public art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_art" title="Rock art">Rock art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sculpture" title="Sculpture">Sculpture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Site-specific_art" title="Site-specific art">Site-specific art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_art" title="Street art">Street art</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_artistic_media" class="mw-redirect" title="List of artistic media">List of artistic media</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Visual_arts_and_the_art_world" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Art_world" title="Template:Art world"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Art_world" title="Template talk:Art world"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Art_world" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Art world"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Visual_arts_and_the_art_world" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Visual arts</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Art_world" title="Art world">art world</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artwork</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Appropriation_(art)" title="Appropriation (art)">Appropriation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collage" title="Collage">Collage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conceptual_art" title="Conceptual art">Conceptual art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_artifact" title="Cultural artifact">Cultural artifact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drawing" title="Drawing">Drawing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fine_art" title="Fine art">Fine art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fine-art_photography" title="Fine-art photography">Fine-art photograph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Found_object" title="Found object">Found object</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Installation_art" title="Installation art">Installation art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinetic_art" title="Kinetic art">Kinetic art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixed_media" title="Mixed media">Mixed media</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bricolage" title="Bricolage">bricolage</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mural" title="Mural">Mural</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fresco" title="Fresco">fresco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graffiti" title="Graffiti">graffiti</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_media_art" title="New media art">New media art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Media_art_history" title="Media art history">history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_art" title="Digital art">digital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_art" title="Virtual art">virtual</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Painting" title="Painting">Painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Performance_art" title="Performance art">Performance art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastic_arts" title="Plastic arts">Plastic arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portrait" title="Portrait">Portrait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Printmaking" title="Printmaking">Printmaking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_art" title="Public art">Public art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Street_art" title="Street art">street art</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sculpture" title="Sculpture">Sculpture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carving" title="Carving">carving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relief" title="Relief">relief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue" title="Statue">statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_statues" title="List of tallest statues">tallest</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Site-specific_art" title="Site-specific art">Site-specific art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_sculpture" title="Social sculpture">Social sculpture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soft_sculpture" title="Soft sculpture">Soft sculpture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stained_glass" title="Stained glass">Stained glass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artwork_title" title="Artwork title">Artwork title</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Roles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artist" title="Artist">Artist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_collection" title="Private collection">Collector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservator-restorer" title="Conservator-restorer">Conservator-restorer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paintings_conservator" title="Paintings conservator">paintings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_frescos" title="Conservation and restoration of frescos">frescos</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_critic" title="Art critic">Critic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curator" title="Curator">Curator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_dealer" title="Art dealer">Dealer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Model_(art)" title="Model (art)">Model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patronage" title="Patronage">Patron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_arts_education" title="Visual arts education">Visual arts education</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_art_universities_and_colleges_in_Europe" title="List of art universities and colleges in Europe">Europe</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Places<br />and events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_auction" title="Art auction">Art auction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_colony" title="Art colony">Art colony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_commune" class="mw-redirect" title="Art commune">Art commune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_exhibition" title="Art exhibition">Art exhibition</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_exhibition_space" title="Alternative exhibition space">alternative exhibition space</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_gallery" title="Art gallery">Art gallery</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_art_gallery" title="Contemporary art gallery">Contemporary art gallery</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_museum" title="Art museum">Art museum</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Single-artist_museum" title="Single-artist museum">Single-artist museum</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_school" title="Art school">Art school</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_art_schools_in_Europe" title="List of art schools in Europe">Europe</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arts_centre" title="Arts centre">Arts centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arts_festival" title="Arts festival">Arts festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artist_collective" title="Artist collective">Artist collective</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artist_cooperative" title="Artist cooperative">Artist cooperative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artist-in-residence" title="Artist-in-residence">Artist-in-residence program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artist-run_initiative" class="mw-redirect" title="Artist-run initiative">Artist-run initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artist-run_space" title="Artist-run space">Artist-run space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biennale" title="Biennale">Biennale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commission_(art)" title="Commission (art)">Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sculpture_garden" title="Sculpture garden">Sculpture garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sculpture_trail" title="Sculpture trail">Sculpture trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_museum" title="Virtual museum">Virtual museum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_art" title="History of art">History of art</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_art" title="Timeline of art">Timeline of art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_history" title="Art history">Art history (academic study)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_manifesto" title="Art manifesto">Art manifesto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_movement" title="Art movement">Art movements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_criticism" title="Art criticism">Criticism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_art_criticism" title="Feminist art criticism">feminist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_painting" title="History of painting">History of painting</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_painting_history" title="Outline of painting history">outline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Periods_in_Western_art_history" title="Periods in Western art history">Periods in Western art history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_20th_century_printmaking_in_America" title="Timeline of 20th century printmaking in America">Timeline of 20th century printmaking in America</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_market" title="Art market">Art market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_arts" title="The arts">The arts</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_raisonn%C3%A9" title="Catalogue raisonné">Catalogue raisonné</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classificatory_disputes_about_art" title="Classificatory disputes about art">Classificatory disputes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collection_Management_Policy" class="mw-redirect" title="Collection Management Policy">Museum collection management</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deaccessioning_(museum)" class="mw-redirect" title="Deaccessioning (museum)">deaccessioning</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_cultural_heritage" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservation and restoration of cultural heritage">Conservation-restoration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_paintings" title="Conservation and restoration of paintings">paintings</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_policy" title="Cultural policy">Cultural policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Destination_painting" title="Destination painting">Destination painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eclecticism_in_art" title="Eclecticism in art">Eclecticism in art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economics_of_the_arts_and_literature" title="Economics of the arts and literature">Economics of art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_finance" title="Art finance">art finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_valuation" title="Art valuation">art valuation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elements_of_art" title="Elements of art">Elements of art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_painting-related_articles" title="Index of painting-related articles">Index of painting-related articles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_visual_arts" title="Outline of the visual arts">Outline of the visual arts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_painting" title="Outline of painting">painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_sculpture" title="Outline of sculpture">sculpture</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provenance" title="Provenance">Provenance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociology_of_art" title="Sociology of art">Sociology of art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Style_(visual_arts)" title="Style (visual arts)">Style</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_art_magazines" title="List of art magazines">Art magazines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_art_media" title="List of art media">Art media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_art_techniques" title="List of art techniques">Art techniques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_art_movements" title="List of art movements">Art movements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_art_museums" title="List of art museums">Art museums</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_art_museums" title="List of largest art museums">largest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most-visited_art_museums" title="List of most-visited art museums">most visited</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sculpture_parks" title="List of sculpture parks">sculpture parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_single-artist_museums" title="List of single-artist museums">single artist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_art_reference_books" title="List of art reference books">Art reference books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_colossal_sculptures_in_situ" title="List of colossal sculptures in situ">Colossal sculptures in situ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_contemporary_artists" title="List of contemporary artists">Contemporary artists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_contemporary_art_galleries" title="List of contemporary art galleries">Contemporary art galleries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_modern_artists" title="List of modern artists">Modern artists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_galleries" title="List of national galleries">National galleries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_painters" title="Lists of painters">Painters</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_painters_by_name" title="List of painters by name">by name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_painters_by_nationality" title="Lists of painters by nationality">by nationality</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_photographers" title="List of photographers">Photographers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sculptors" title="List of sculptors">Sculptors</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_female_sculptors" title="List of female sculptors">female</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_stolen_paintings" title="List of stolen paintings">Stolen paintings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most_expensive_paintings" title="List of most expensive paintings">Most expensive paintings</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_most_expensive_sculptures" title="List of most expensive sculptures">sculptures</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_most_expensive_artworks_by_living_artists" title="List of most expensive artworks by living artists">works by living artists</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Painting" title="Portal:Painting">Painting portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Visual_arts" title="Portal:Visual arts">Visual arts portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Arts" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Arts">Arts portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Humanities" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Humanities" title="Template:Humanities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Humanities" title="Template talk:Humanities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Humanities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Humanities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Humanities" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Humanities" title="Humanities">Humanities</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Disciplines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;height:2.5em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthropology" title="Anthropology">Anthropology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archaeology" title="Archaeology">Archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classics" title="Classics">Classical studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History" title="History">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_arts#Literary_arts" title="The arts">Language arts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Literature" title="Literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poetry" title="Poetry">Poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhetoric" title="Rhetoric">Rhetoric</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law" title="Law">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Performing_arts" title="Performing arts">Performing arts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dance" title="Dance">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musicology" title="Musicology">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre" title="Theatre">Theatre</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy" title="Philosophy">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_studies" title="Religious studies">Religious studies</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Visual arts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Filmmaking" title="Filmmaking">Filmmaking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Painting" title="Painting">Painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sculpture" title="Sculpture">Sculpture</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Interdisciplinary_fields" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Interdisciplinary fields</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digital_humanities" title="Digital humanities">Digital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_humanities" title="Environmental humanities">Environmental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_humanities" title="Health humanities">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_humanities" title="Medical humanities">Medical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_humanities" title="Public humanities">Public</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Themes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abductive_reasoning" title="Abductive reasoning">Abductive reasoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aesthetics" title="Aesthetics">Aesthetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antipositivism" title="Antipositivism">Antipositivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_arts" title="The arts">The arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beauty" title="Beauty">Beauty</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Belles-lettres" title="Belles-lettres">Belles-lettres</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bildung" title="Bildung">Bildung</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creativity" title="Creativity">Creativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critical_theory" title="Critical theory">Critical theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism" title="Criticism">Criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_literacy" title="Cultural literacy">Cultural literacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture" title="Culture">Culture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/High_culture" title="High culture">High</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_knowledge" title="General knowledge">General knowledge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermeneutics" title="Hermeneutics">Hermeneutics</a></li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Historicism" title="Historicism">Historicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historism" title="Historism">Historism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_condition" title="Human condition">Human condition</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Humanitas" title="Humanitas">Humanitas</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_arts_education" title="Liberal arts education">Liberal arts education</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trivium" title="Trivium">Trivium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quadrivium" title="Quadrivium">Quadrivium</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metaphysics" title="Metaphysics">Metaphysics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ontology" title="Ontology">Ontology</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moral_character" title="Moral character">Moral character</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-realization" title="Self-realization">Self-realization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-reflection" title="Self-reflection">Self-reflection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wisdom" title="Wisdom">Wisdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Work_of_art" title="Work of art">Work of art</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Journals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-style:italic;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Journal_of_Archaeology" title="American Journal of Archaeology">American Journal of Archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daedalus_(journal)" title="Daedalus (journal)">Daedalus</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/History_of_Humanities" title="History of Humanities">History of Humanities</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanitas_(journal)" title="Humanitas (journal)">Humanitas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanities_and_Social_Sciences_Communications" title="Humanities and Social Sciences Communications">Humanities and Social Sciences Communications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Controversial_Ideas" title="Journal of Controversial Ideas">Journal of Controversial Ideas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_the_Royal_Asiatic_Society" title="Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society">Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonardo_(journal)" title="Leonardo (journal)">Leonardo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nova_Religio" title="Nova Religio">Nova Religio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revue_des_%C3%89tudes_Arm%C3%A9niennes" title="Revue des Études Arméniennes">Revue des Études Arméniennes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teaching_Philosophy" title="Teaching Philosophy">Teaching Philosophy</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_humanities_journals" title="List of humanities journals">more...</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arts_and_Humanities_Research_Council" title="Arts and Humanities Research Council">Arts and Humanities Research Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_science" title="Human science">Human science</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Geisteswissenschaft" title="Geisteswissenschaft">Geisteswissenschaft</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanities,_arts,_and_social_sciences" title="Humanities, arts, and social sciences">Humanities, arts, and social sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_of_Humanities" title="Master of Humanities">Master of Humanities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moscow_University_for_the_Humanities" title="Moscow University for the Humanities">Moscow University for the Humanities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Endowment_for_the_Humanities" title="National Endowment for the Humanities">National Endowment for the Humanities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Humanities_Medal" title="National Humanities Medal">National Humanities Medal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antihumanism" title="Antihumanism">Antihumanism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philistinism" title="Philistinism">Philistinism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_culture#Criticism" title="Popular culture">Criticism of mass culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Educational_essentialism" title="Educational essentialism">Educational essentialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanities_in_the_United_States" title="Humanities in the United States">Humanities in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_considered_a_founder_in_a_Humanities_field" class="mw-redirect" title="List of people considered a founder in a Humanities field">List of people considered a founder 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