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<!DOCTYPE html> <html > <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/open_search.xml" title="Academia.edu"> <meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" name="viewport"> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="bKJMBZA7E43xhDOopFZkssMMkBRjvYERV-NaN4R6mrs"> <meta name="csrf-param" content="authenticity_token" /> <meta name="csrf-token" content="Ek-iVI5zCGlWzBuHc3oVN0-C4FAYuK8O6y2VnV5xRJlz_Fb9B58MjC5zkZKx5A3YVmNMY5f8opSt1waGhSTCOw" /> <meta name="citation_title" content="Use of Middle Palaeolithic Tools in San Quirce (Alar del rey, Palencia, Spain)" /> <meta name="citation_publication_date" content="2014/01/01" /> <meta name="citation_journal_title" content="International Conference on Use-Wear Analysis: Use-Wear 2012 " /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Marcos Terradillos-Bernal" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /> <meta name="twitter:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/38522893/Use_of_Middle_Palaeolithic_Tools_in_San_Quirce_Alar_del_rey_Palencia_Spain_" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Use of Middle Palaeolithic Tools in San Quirce (Alar del rey, Palencia, Spain)" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="This paper presents the results of the functional analysis of the Middle Palaeolithic stone assemblages from the 2009 excavation at the San Quirce site in Palencia (Spain). The main raw material used for tools manufacturing was a local quartzite" /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://0.academia-photos.com/1135489/398440/13912790/s200_marcos.terradillos-bernal.jpg" /> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="2369844204" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/38522893/Use_of_Middle_Palaeolithic_Tools_in_San_Quirce_Alar_del_rey_Palencia_Spain_" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Use of Middle Palaeolithic Tools in San Quirce (Alar del rey, Palencia, Spain)" /> <meta property="og:image" content="http://a.academia-assets.com/images/open-graph-icons/fb-paper.gif" /> <meta property="og:description" content="This paper presents the results of the functional analysis of the Middle Palaeolithic stone assemblages from the 2009 excavation at the San Quirce site in Palencia (Spain). The main raw material used for tools manufacturing was a local quartzite" /> <meta property="article:author" content="https://ui1.academia.edu/MarcosTerradillos" /> <meta name="description" content="This paper presents the results of the functional analysis of the Middle Palaeolithic stone assemblages from the 2009 excavation at the San Quirce site in Palencia (Spain). The main raw material used for tools manufacturing was a local quartzite" /> <title>(PDF) Functional Analysis of Middle Palaeolithic Tools</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/38522893/Use_of_Middle_Palaeolithic_Tools_in_San_Quirce_Alar_del_rey_Palencia_Spain_" /> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "single_work", 'action': "show", 'controller_action': 'single_work#show', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script> var $controller_name = 'single_work'; var $action_name = "show"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = '075e914b9e16164113b5b9afd7238a56a7292942'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.require = { config: function() { return function() {} } } </script> <script> window.Aedu = window.Aedu || {}; window.Aedu.hit_data = null; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1740050938000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1740050938000; </script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ScholarlyArticle","abstract":"This paper presents the results of the functional analysis of the Middle Palaeolithic stone assemblages from the 2009 excavation at the San Quirce site in Palencia (Spain). The main raw material used for tools manufacturing was a local quartzite available on the Pisuerga river terraces. Massive and flake tools were manufactured, with sharp denticulate edges used in different productive activities (they mainly used unretouched flake blanks), primarily related to the exploitation of plants, animal substances and, to a lesser extent, mineral resources (hammerstones for lithic knapping). Resharpened edges have been also detected through the analysis of micro-flake elements.","author":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Marcos Terradillos-Bernal","url":"https://ui1.academia.edu/MarcosTerradillos"}],"contributor":[],"dateCreated":"2019-03-10","datePublished":"2014-01-01","headline":"Use of Middle Palaeolithic Tools in San Quirce (Alar del rey, Palencia, Spain)","image":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/58591853/thumbnails/1.jpg","inLanguage":"en","keywords":[],"publication":"International Conference on Use-Wear Analysis: Use-Wear 2012","publisher":{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Organization","name":null},"sourceOrganization":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"EducationalOrganization","name":"ui1"}],"thumbnailUrl":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/58591853/thumbnails/1.jpg","url":"https://www.academia.edu/38522893/Use_of_Middle_Palaeolithic_Tools_in_San_Quirce_Alar_del_rey_Palencia_Spain_"}</script><style 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window.loswp.work = {"work":{"id":38522893,"created_at":"2019-03-10T05:01:10.402-07:00","from_world_paper_id":null,"updated_at":"2025-02-03T12:01:49.582-08:00","_data":{"abstract":"This paper presents the results of the functional analysis of the Middle Palaeolithic stone assemblages from the 2009 excavation at the San Quirce site in Palencia (Spain). The main raw material used for tools manufacturing was a local quartzite available on the Pisuerga river terraces. Massive and flake tools were manufactured, with sharp denticulate edges used in different productive activities (they mainly used unretouched flake blanks), primarily related to the exploitation of plants, animal substances and, to a lesser extent, mineral resources (hammerstones for lithic knapping). Resharpened edges have been also detected through the analysis of micro-flake elements.","ai_title_tag":"Functional Analysis of Middle Palaeolithic Tools","publication_date":"2014,,","publication_name":"International Conference on Use-Wear Analysis: Use-Wear 2012 "},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Use of Middle Palaeolithic Tools in San Quirce (Alar del rey, Palencia, Spain)","broadcastable":true,"draft":false,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [1135489]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "full_page_mobile_sutd_modal"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loginModal = {}; window.loginModal.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon'; window.userInChina = "false";</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":58591853,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Use of Middle Palaeolithic Tools in San Quirce (Alar del rey, Palencia, Spain)”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/58591853/mini_magick20190310-23402-d9yznr.png?1552227020" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/single_work_splash/adobe_icon.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Use of Middle Palaeolithic Tools in San Quirce (Alar del rey, Palencia, Spain)</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1135489" href="https://ui1.academia.edu/MarcosTerradillos"><img alt="Profile image of Marcos Terradillos-Bernal" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/1135489/398440/13912790/s65_marcos.terradillos-bernal.jpg" />Marcos Terradillos-Bernal</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2014, International Conference on Use-Wear Analysis: Use-Wear 2012 </p><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">23 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 38522893; 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if (!viewCountBody) { throw new Error('Failed to find work views element'); } viewCountBody.textContent = `${commaizedViewCount} views`; } catch (error) { // Remove the whole views element if there was some issue parsing. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); throw new Error(`Failed to parse view count: ${viewCount}`, error); } }; // If the DOM is still loading, wait for it to be ready before updating the view count. if (document.readyState === "loading") { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { updateViewCount(viewCount); }); // Otherwise, just update it immediately. } else { updateViewCount(viewCount); } })();</script></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">This paper presents the results of the functional analysis of the Middle Palaeolithic stone assemblages from the 2009 excavation at the San Quirce site in Palencia (Spain). The main raw material used for tools manufacturing was a local quartzite available on the Pisuerga river terraces. Massive and flake tools were manufactured, with sharp denticulate edges used in different productive activities (they mainly used unretouched flake blanks), primarily related to the exploitation of plants, animal substances and, to a lesser extent, mineral resources (hammerstones for lithic knapping). Resharpened edges have been also detected through the analysis of micro-flake elements.</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":58591853,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/38522893/Use_of_Middle_Palaeolithic_Tools_in_San_Quirce_Alar_del_rey_Palencia_Spain_"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":58591853,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/38522893/Use_of_Middle_Palaeolithic_Tools_in_San_Quirce_Alar_del_rey_Palencia_Spain_"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger-container"><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger ds-signup-banner-trigger-control"></div></div><div class="ds-signup-banner ds-signup-banner-control"><div id="ds-signup-banner-close-button"><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary ds2-5-button--inverse"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">close</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-ctas"><img src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-capital-white.svg" /><h4 class="ds2-5-heading-serif-sm">Sign up for access to the world's latest research</h4><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--inverse ds2-5-button--full-width js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"signup-banner"}">Sign up for free<span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">arrow_forward</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-divider"></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons"><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Get notified about relevant papers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Save papers to use in your research</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Join the discussion with peers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Track your impact</span></div></div></div><script>(() => { // Set up signup banner show/hide behavior: // 1. 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Worldwide edition, 24-25 de septiembre de 2020.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Typo-technological analysis of a bifacial stone tool from Cueva de los Toriles (Carrizosa, Castilla-La Mancha, Iberian Península) and its importance as a new Acheulean site from the Southern Iberian Plateau [ES= Análisis tipo-tecnológico de un útil lítico bifacial procedente de la Cueva...]","attachmentId":65484903,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/44953857/Typo_technological_analysis_of_a_bifacial_stone_tool_from_Cueva_de_los_Toriles_Carrizosa_Castilla_La_Mancha_Iberian_Pen%C3%ADnsula_and_its_importance_as_a_new_Acheulean_site_from_the_Southern_Iberian_Plateau_ES_An%C3%A1lisis_tipo_tecnol%C3%B3gico_de_un_%C3%BAtil_l%C3%ADtico_bifacial_procedente_de_la_Cueva_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/44953857/Typo_technological_analysis_of_a_bifacial_stone_tool_from_Cueva_de_los_Toriles_Carrizosa_Castilla_La_Mancha_Iberian_Pen%C3%ADnsula_and_its_importance_as_a_new_Acheulean_site_from_the_Southern_Iberian_Plateau_ES_An%C3%A1lisis_tipo_tecnol%C3%B3gico_de_un_%C3%BAtil_l%C3%ADtico_bifacial_procedente_de_la_Cueva_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="1464658" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1464658/Raw_material_discernment_and_technological_aspects_of_the_Barranco_Leo_n_and_Fuente_Nueva_3_stone_assemblages_Orce_southern_Spain_">Raw material discernment and technological aspects of the Barranco Leo´n and Fuente Nueva 3 stone assemblages (Orce southern Spain)</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1195600" href="https://mnhn.academia.edu/FredericLebegue">Frederic Lebegue</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Quaternary international, volume 223-224, 2010</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Lithics from Barranco Leó n and Fuente Nueva 3 in Orce, Spain (respectively 1.3 and 1.2 Ma according to paleomagnetic and biochronological criteria) provide information about the oldest known European Mode 1 assemblages. At these sites, both located in what were swampy areas close to the eastern shores of the Baza paleo-lake, evidence points towards competition between hominins and hyenas to access large herbivore carcasses abandoned by other carnivores. To make their tools, hominins collected rocks available nearby such as limestone and flint. Distinctive groupings of rock type with typo-technological elements are clear: flint was largely exploited for flake production whereas limestone was reserved for percussion instruments and worked cobbles. These Spanish sites do not comprise true configured tools. Knapping strategies were adapted to raw material constraints and initial block form; the hard hammer on an anvil technique was frequently used to reduce small, cube-shaped flint matrixes and some larger limestone pieces. Technical systems were mainly unidirectional recurrent, although polyhedron shaped multiplatform cores were also produced by hard hammer technique. While evidence from the Near East attests to the presence of Mode 2 producing populations as early as 1.4 Ma, such assemblages do not appear in Europe until around 0.7 Ma. Given data from the Orce assemblages, how might the earliest hominin occupations of Europe be interpreted? Ó</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Raw material discernment and technological aspects of the Barranco Leo´n and Fuente Nueva 3 stone assemblages (Orce southern Spain)","attachmentId":11502894,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/1464658/Raw_material_discernment_and_technological_aspects_of_the_Barranco_Leo_n_and_Fuente_Nueva_3_stone_assemblages_Orce_southern_Spain_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/1464658/Raw_material_discernment_and_technological_aspects_of_the_Barranco_Leo_n_and_Fuente_Nueva_3_stone_assemblages_Orce_southern_Spain_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="10061232" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/10061232/Pitted_stone_cobbles_in_the_Mesolithic_site_of_Font_del_Ros_Southeastern_Pre_Pyrenees_Spain_some_experimental_remarks_around_a_controversial_tool_type">Pitted stone cobbles in the Mesolithic site of Font del Ros (Southeastern Pre-Pyrenees, Spain): some experimental remarks around a controversial tool type</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="24495166" href="https://independent.academia.edu/olivierjustine">justine olivier</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The presence of cobbles with activity-related marks in the Mesolithic site of Font del Ros (Berga, Spain), and in particular one group of artefacts e pitted stones e raises problematic issues associated with the characterization of percussion activities. Although these artefacts have generated an extensive bibliography on ethological, ethnographic, ethnoarchaeological and archaeological levels, various questions persist in relation to their possible contextual function. In this paper we present the results of an experimental programme in which three types of activities that could create pitted stones are reproduced: bipolar knapping of vein quartz, hazelnut cracking, and hazelnut grinding. The aim of this experimental programme is to describe marks and use-wear traces related to such activities.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Pitted stone cobbles in the Mesolithic site of Font del Ros (Southeastern Pre-Pyrenees, Spain): some experimental remarks around a controversial tool type","attachmentId":36188822,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/10061232/Pitted_stone_cobbles_in_the_Mesolithic_site_of_Font_del_Ros_Southeastern_Pre_Pyrenees_Spain_some_experimental_remarks_around_a_controversial_tool_type","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/10061232/Pitted_stone_cobbles_in_the_Mesolithic_site_of_Font_del_Ros_Southeastern_Pre_Pyrenees_Spain_some_experimental_remarks_around_a_controversial_tool_type"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="38461824" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/38461824/The_quartzite_cleavers_form_Atapuerca_Burgos_Spain_the_standardization_of_shape">The quartzite cleavers form Atapuerca (Burgos, Spain): the standardization of shape</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="8555584" href="https://iphes.academia.edu/PaulaGarc%C3%ADaMedrano">Paula García-Medrano</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2858486" href="https://iphes.academia.edu/AndreuOll%C3%A9">Andreu Ollé</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Butlletí Arqueològic, 2018</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The term “Mental Template” has been used frequently, especially in discussions about Acheulean handaxes. Nevertheless, the standardization of shape not only affects handaxes but also cleavers. The aim is to analyze the whole sense of the cleaver tool-type through the study of the quartzite cleavers of the Middle Pleistocene sites of Gran Dolina -TD10.1 and Galería (Atapuerca, Spain). These tools are made on both cobbles and flake, using different techniques to produce the same tool-type. The main idea to explore is that shape standardization not only affects the morphology of tools but also their function. The type of actions performed with these tools produce small edge fracturing on their tips, removing any previous well developed polishes and other use-wear features. So, we propose a new approach, based on the 3D scanning of edges, combined with the use-wear analysis by SEM microscopy. The archaeological sample will be compared with experimental tools used in different activities, the wear of which has been monitored by means of 3D scanning before and after use and by sequential microscopic recording of the microwear. The preliminary results highlight the good preservation of the archaeological artefacts, and effectively allow us to identify generic actions carried out by the analysed tools. So, experimental data combined with a multi-technique approach including 3D models proved to be useful to improve our knowledge on the functional role of the Acheulean cleavers.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The quartzite cleavers form Atapuerca (Burgos, Spain): the standardization of shape","attachmentId":58525871,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/38461824/The_quartzite_cleavers_form_Atapuerca_Burgos_Spain_the_standardization_of_shape","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/38461824/The_quartzite_cleavers_form_Atapuerca_Burgos_Spain_the_standardization_of_shape"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="24553680" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/24553680/The_influence_of_raw_material_quality_on_the_characteristics_of_the_lithic_tool_edges_from_the_Atapuerca_sites_Burgos_Spain_">The influence of raw material quality on the characteristics of the lithic tool edges from the Atapuerca sites (Burgos, Spain)</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="234621" href="https://iphes.academia.edu/XOSEPEDRORODRIGUEZ">XOSE-PEDRO RODRIGUEZ-ALVAREZ</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1135489" href="https://ui1.academia.edu/MarcosTerradillos">Marcos Terradillos-Bernal</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2016</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This article analyses the relationship between the characteristics of the raw materials and the cutting edges of Sierra de Atapuerca lithic tools during the Lower and Middle Pleistocene. In previous publications, we have analysed how the cutting edge and weight of a tool determine its cutting efficiency and the amount of force it is capable of applying. In this paper, we aim to complete that study with an analysis of the influence of the physical-mechanical aptitudes of the raw materials on these edges. The analysis of the qualities of the raw materials, their influence on the development of knapping processes and the final formats of the tool edges inform us about their suitability for producing edges with certain potential capacities. The relationship between morpho-potential elements (length, angle, resistance, etc.) and the qualities of the raw materials has not been empirically studied under explicitly stated experimental conditions in materials from the Palaeolithic era in Europe. This study maintains that the characteristics of raw materials are of fundamental importance in determining the potential uses of these lithic assemblages.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The influence of raw material quality on the characteristics of the lithic tool edges from the Atapuerca sites (Burgos, Spain)","attachmentId":46434281,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/24553680/The_influence_of_raw_material_quality_on_the_characteristics_of_the_lithic_tool_edges_from_the_Atapuerca_sites_Burgos_Spain_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/24553680/The_influence_of_raw_material_quality_on_the_characteristics_of_the_lithic_tool_edges_from_the_Atapuerca_sites_Burgos_Spain_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="107024970" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/107024970/Lower_paleolithic_butchery_knives_and_carpentry_tools_MODE_1_industry_of_El_Pino_Campos_del_Para%C3%ADso_Cuenca_Spain_">Lower paleolithic butchery knives and carpentry tools: MODE 1 industry of “El Pino” (Campos del Paraíso, Cuenca, Spain)</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="25421134" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SantiagoDavidDom%C3%ADnguezSolera">Santiago David Domínguez-Solera</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Archaeological Science Reports, 2022</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This paper contains the results of the archaeological campaigns carried out at the El Pino Site (Campos del Paraíso, Carrascosa del Campo, Cuenca, Spain). The stratigraphy belongs to the Valdejudíos River floodplain and is rich in Mode 1 prehistoric industry made from quartzite rolling stones. The site has been dated by Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) and Electron Spin Resonance (ESR), giving the last technique a terminus ante quem of 1 Ma for this technological horizon. The excellent preservation of the lithic surfaces has allowed us to discover the use given to the instruments through traceological methods. An effective usage of retouched and unretouched flakes (not the cores) for butchery, and rabots for processing wood is verified. The manufacturing operational systems of Mode 1 pieces have been studied and subsequently evaluated as being similar to the oldest ones of the Oldowan industries in Africa (2.6 Ma); however, they showed more “archaism” than other contemporary worldwide examples. The ineffectiveness of the idea of a linear evolution of material culture “from simplicity to complexity”, to assess the lithic technology of the European Lower Paleolithic, is revealed.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Lower paleolithic butchery knives and carpentry tools: MODE 1 industry of “El Pino” (Campos del Paraíso, Cuenca, Spain)","attachmentId":105879614,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/107024970/Lower_paleolithic_butchery_knives_and_carpentry_tools_MODE_1_industry_of_El_Pino_Campos_del_Para%C3%ADso_Cuenca_Spain_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/107024970/Lower_paleolithic_butchery_knives_and_carpentry_tools_MODE_1_industry_of_El_Pino_Campos_del_Para%C3%ADso_Cuenca_Spain_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="77278589" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/77278589/Microwear_analysis_of_Mousterian_quartz_tools_from_the_Navalma%C3%ADllo_Rock_Shelter_Pinilla_del_Valle_Madrid_Spain_">Microwear analysis of Mousterian quartz tools from the Navalmaíllo Rock Shelter (Pinilla del Valle, Madrid, Spain)</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="287391" href="https://todofp.academia.edu/BelenMarquez">Belen Marquez</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Quaternary International, 2016</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The study of wear marks on Palaeolithic quartz tools allows an understanding of how they were used. The present work reports a functional study of a sample of Mousterian quartz industry from Level F of the Navalmaíllo Rock Shelter (Pinilla del Valle, Madrid, Spain). This level, a palimpsest, preserves the remains of a Neanderthal occupation. Traceological inspection revealed the tools made at the site were very versatile.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Microwear analysis of Mousterian quartz tools from the Navalmaíllo Rock Shelter (Pinilla del Valle, Madrid, Spain)","attachmentId":84701033,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/77278589/Microwear_analysis_of_Mousterian_quartz_tools_from_the_Navalma%C3%ADllo_Rock_Shelter_Pinilla_del_Valle_Madrid_Spain_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/77278589/Microwear_analysis_of_Mousterian_quartz_tools_from_the_Navalma%C3%ADllo_Rock_Shelter_Pinilla_del_Valle_Madrid_Spain_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="1243789" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1243789/The_archaic_stone_tool_industry_from_Barranco_Le%C3%B3n_and_Fuente_Nueva_3_Orce_Spain_Evidence_of_the_earliest_hominin_presence_in_southern_Europe">The archaic stone tool industry from Barranco León and Fuente Nueva 3, (Orce, Spain): Evidence of the earliest hominin presence in southern Europe</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1195600" href="https://mnhn.academia.edu/FredericLebegue">Frederic Lebegue</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Quaternary International Volume 243, Issue 1, Pages 80–91, 2011</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The Barranco León and Fuente Nueva 3 sites are located in the Guadix-Baza Basin in Orce (Andalusia, Spain) about 80 km from the Mediterranean Sea. The sites were accumulated in swampy areas near the paleo-lake Baza’s eastern shoreline. There, hominins and hyenas competed for access to large herbivore carcasses abandoned by carnivores. The ages of the Barranco León and Fuente Nueva 3 sites have been evaluated from large and small mammal biochronology, magnetostratigraphy and also by ESR to around 1.4–1.2 Ma, respectively. Both sites have yielded fauna and lithic artefacts in situ. Systematic excavations at Barranco León and Fuente Nueva 3 have been underway since the 1990’s and contribute to growing evidence of hominin presence in southern Europe well before 1 Ma. The two lithic assemblages show strong similarities. At both sites, the artefacts were knapped from tabular flint and limestone pebbles collected nearby. The assemblages are composed mainly of small, non modified flakes and angular fragments, as well as some cores. Larger limestone heavy duty tools and cores are also present. There are no standardized small or large tools. Stone knapping was carried out using hand held and bipolar-on-an-anvil reduction strategies in accordance with raw material constraints and probably also desired product morphology. The assemblages are characterized by widespread use of unidirectional knapping methods. Reduction strategies were progressively adapted as the cores evolved into different forms. The Barranco León and Fuente Nueva 3 stone tool assemblages express a variant of Oldowan or Mode 1 technology that may be considered to be more complex than that observed at some earlier African sites, mainly because of the systematic use of extended orthogonal knapping episodes producing multiplatform cores and the differential use of two types of raw materials for making small cutting tools and larger percussion instruments. """</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The archaic stone tool industry from Barranco León and Fuente Nueva 3, (Orce, Spain): Evidence of the earliest hominin presence in southern Europe","attachmentId":31266780,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/1243789/The_archaic_stone_tool_industry_from_Barranco_Le%C3%B3n_and_Fuente_Nueva_3_Orce_Spain_Evidence_of_the_earliest_hominin_presence_in_southern_Europe","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/1243789/The_archaic_stone_tool_industry_from_Barranco_Le%C3%B3n_and_Fuente_Nueva_3_Orce_Spain_Evidence_of_the_earliest_hominin_presence_in_southern_Europe"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="45453117" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/45453117/Technological_Analysis_of_the_Formal_Chipped_Stone_Tool_Assemblage_from_Old_Town_LA_1113_with_Obsidian_Provenance_Studies_from_Selected_Archaeological_Sites_throughout_the_Mimbres_Valley">Technological Analysis of the Formal Chipped Stone Tool Assemblage from Old Town (LA 1113) with Obsidian Provenance Studies from Selected Archaeological Sites throughout the Mimbres Valley</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2280374" href="https://utexas.academia.edu/MatthewTaliaferro">Matthew Taliaferro</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Technological Analysis of the Formal Chipped Stone Tool Assemblage from Old Town (LA 1113) with Obsidian Provenance Studies from Selected Archaeological Sites throughout the Mimbres Valley","attachmentId":65961295,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/45453117/Technological_Analysis_of_the_Formal_Chipped_Stone_Tool_Assemblage_from_Old_Town_LA_1113_with_Obsidian_Provenance_Studies_from_Selected_Archaeological_Sites_throughout_the_Mimbres_Valley","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/45453117/Technological_Analysis_of_the_Formal_Chipped_Stone_Tool_Assemblage_from_Old_Town_LA_1113_with_Obsidian_Provenance_Studies_from_Selected_Archaeological_Sites_throughout_the_Mimbres_Valley"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":58591853,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":58591853,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_58591853" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sidebar--container js-work-sidebar"><div class="ds-related-content--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="2228436" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2228436/Technological_Analysis_of_the_Formal_Chipped_Stone_Tool_Assemblage_from_Old_Town_LA_1113_with_Obsidian_Provenance_Studies_from_Selected_">Technological Analysis of the Formal Chipped Stone Tool Assemblage from Old Town (LA 1113) with Obsidian Provenance Studies from Selected …</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2280374" href="https://utexas.academia.edu/MatthewTaliaferro">Matthew Taliaferro</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Unpublished MA Thesis, Department of Anthropology, …, 2004</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Technological Analysis of the Formal Chipped Stone Tool Assemblage from Old Town (LA 1113) with Obsidian Provenance Studies from Selected …","attachmentId":36098616,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/2228436/Technological_Analysis_of_the_Formal_Chipped_Stone_Tool_Assemblage_from_Old_Town_LA_1113_with_Obsidian_Provenance_Studies_from_Selected_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/2228436/Technological_Analysis_of_the_Formal_Chipped_Stone_Tool_Assemblage_from_Old_Town_LA_1113_with_Obsidian_Provenance_Studies_from_Selected_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="91374773" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/91374773/Traceological_analysis_of_a_singular_artefact_The_rock_crystal_point_from_O_Achadizo_Boiro_A_Coru%C3%B1a_Galicia_">Traceological analysis of a singular artefact: The rock crystal point from O Achadizo (Boiro, A Coruña, Galicia)</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="246684252" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RaquelP%C3%A9rezTenorio">Raquel Pérez Tenorio</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Lithic Studies, 2016</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Traceological analysis of a singular artefact: The rock crystal point from O Achadizo (Boiro, A Coruña, Galicia)","attachmentId":94680156,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/91374773/Traceological_analysis_of_a_singular_artefact_The_rock_crystal_point_from_O_Achadizo_Boiro_A_Coru%C3%B1a_Galicia_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline 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href="https://urv.academia.edu/JordiRosellArd%C3%A8vol">Jordi Rosell Ardèvol</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Human Evolution, 2011</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Bone as a technological raw material at the Gran Dolina site (Sierra de Atapuerca, Burgos, Spain)","attachmentId":50387207,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/3258860/Bone_as_a_technological_raw_material_at_the_Gran_Dolina_site_Sierra_de_Atapuerca_Burgos_Spain_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" 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