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class="divider ds-divider-16" style="margin: 0px;"></div><div class="documents-container backbone-social-profile-documents" style="width: 100%;"><div class="u-taCenter"></div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane active" id="all"><div class="profile--tab_heading_container js-section-heading" data-section="Papers" id="Papers"><h3 class="profile--tab_heading_container">Papers by Wil Roebroeks</h3></div><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="23099623"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/23099623/On_the_earliest_evidence_for_habitual_use_of_fire_in_Europe"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of On the earliest evidence for habitual use of fire in Europe" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/43597819/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/23099623/On_the_earliest_evidence_for_habitual_use_of_fire_in_Europe">On the earliest evidence for habitual use of fire in Europe</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://leidenuni.academia.edu/WilRoebroeks">Wil Roebroeks</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/VillaPaola">Paola Villa</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences</span><span>, 2011</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The timing of the human control of fire is a hotly debated issue, with claims for regular fire us...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The timing of the human control of fire is a hotly debated issue, with claims for regular fire use by early hominins in Africa at ∼1.6 million y ago. These claims are not uncontested, but most archaeologists would agree that the colonization of areas outside Africa, especially of regions such as Europe where temperatures at time dropped below freezing, was indeed tied to the use of fire. Our review of the European evidence suggests that early hominins moved into northern latitudes without the habitual use of fire. It was only much later, from ∼300,000 to 400,000 y ago onward, that fire became a significant part of the hominin technological repertoire. It is also from the second half of the Middle Pleistocene onward that we can observe spectacular cases of Neandertal pyrotechnological knowledge in the production of hafting materials. The increase in the number of sites with good evidence of fire throughout the Late Pleistocene shows that European Neandertals had fire management not unlike that documented for Upper Paleolithic groups. human evolution | Paleolithic archeology | fireplaces | hafting adhesives T he emergence of stone tool manufacture and the control of fire are undoubtedly the two most significant events in the technological evolution of early humans. Although stone tool use and manufacture were regular activities from at least 2.6 million y ago (1), the timing of the human control of fire is a controversial issue (2), with some claims for regular fire use by early hominins in Africa at ∼1.6 million y ago (3-5). Longer chronologies for the use of fire include Wrangham's recent hypothesis that fire was a central evolutionary force toward larger human brains (6-9): eating cooked foods made early hominin digestion easier, and the energy formerly spent on digestion was freed up, enabling their energy-expensive brains to grow. Using fire to prepare food made early humans move away from the former feed-as-you-go-and-eat-raw-food strategy and toward the sharing of cooked foods around fires, which became attractive locations for increased social interaction between individuals. Wrangham situates these developments around the time of the emergence of Homo erectus, approximately two million y ago. Most archeologists would agree that the colonization of areas outside of Africa, especially of regions such as Europe where temperatures at time dropped below freezing (10), was tied to the use of fire to bridge gaps in the energy budget and in resource availability during winter (11). For much later periods, a greater control and more extensive use of fire is seen by some (12, 13) as one of the behavioral innovations that emerged in Africa among modern humans, favoring their spread throughout the world and their eventual evolutionary success.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="f82334d29fbd43f45e3f843d337b7072" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":43597819,"asset_id":23099623,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/43597819/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="23099623"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="23099623"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 23099623; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=23099623]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=23099623]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 23099623; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='23099623']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "f82334d29fbd43f45e3f843d337b7072" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=23099623]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":23099623,"title":"On the earliest evidence for habitual use of fire in Europe","translated_title":"","metadata":{"ai_title_tag":"Habitual Fire Use in Early European Hominins","grobid_abstract":"The timing of the human control of fire is a hotly debated issue, with claims for regular fire use by early hominins in Africa at ∼1.6 million y ago. These claims are not uncontested, but most archaeologists would agree that the colonization of areas outside Africa, especially of regions such as Europe where temperatures at time dropped below freezing, was indeed tied to the use of fire. Our review of the European evidence suggests that early hominins moved into northern latitudes without the habitual use of fire. It was only much later, from ∼300,000 to 400,000 y ago onward, that fire became a significant part of the hominin technological repertoire. It is also from the second half of the Middle Pleistocene onward that we can observe spectacular cases of Neandertal pyrotechnological knowledge in the production of hafting materials. The increase in the number of sites with good evidence of fire throughout the Late Pleistocene shows that European Neandertals had fire management not unlike that documented for Upper Paleolithic groups. human evolution | Paleolithic archeology | fireplaces | hafting adhesives T he emergence of stone tool manufacture and the control of fire are undoubtedly the two most significant events in the technological evolution of early humans. Although stone tool use and manufacture were regular activities from at least 2.6 million y ago (1), the timing of the human control of fire is a controversial issue (2), with some claims for regular fire use by early hominins in Africa at ∼1.6 million y ago (3-5). Longer chronologies for the use of fire include Wrangham's recent hypothesis that fire was a central evolutionary force toward larger human brains (6-9): eating cooked foods made early hominin digestion easier, and the energy formerly spent on digestion was freed up, enabling their energy-expensive brains to grow. Using fire to prepare food made early humans move away from the former feed-as-you-go-and-eat-raw-food strategy and toward the sharing of cooked foods around fires, which became attractive locations for increased social interaction between individuals. Wrangham situates these developments around the time of the emergence of Homo erectus, approximately two million y ago. Most archeologists would agree that the colonization of areas outside of Africa, especially of regions such as Europe where temperatures at time dropped below freezing (10), was tied to the use of fire to bridge gaps in the energy budget and in resource availability during winter (11). 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These claims are not uncontested, but most archaeologists would agree that the colonization of areas outside Africa, especially of regions such as Europe where temperatures at time dropped below freezing, was indeed tied to the use of fire. Our review of the European evidence suggests that early hominins moved into northern latitudes without the habitual use of fire. It was only much later, from ∼300,000 to 400,000 y ago onward, that fire became a significant part of the hominin technological repertoire. It is also from the second half of the Middle Pleistocene onward that we can observe spectacular cases of Neandertal pyrotechnological knowledge in the production of hafting materials. The increase in the number of sites with good evidence of fire throughout the Late Pleistocene shows that European Neandertals had fire management not unlike that documented for Upper Paleolithic groups. human evolution | Paleolithic archeology | fireplaces | hafting adhesives T he emergence of stone tool manufacture and the control of fire are undoubtedly the two most significant events in the technological evolution of early humans. Although stone tool use and manufacture were regular activities from at least 2.6 million y ago (1), the timing of the human control of fire is a controversial issue (2), with some claims for regular fire use by early hominins in Africa at ∼1.6 million y ago (3-5). Longer chronologies for the use of fire include Wrangham's recent hypothesis that fire was a central evolutionary force toward larger human brains (6-9): eating cooked foods made early hominin digestion easier, and the energy formerly spent on digestion was freed up, enabling their energy-expensive brains to grow. Using fire to prepare food made early humans move away from the former feed-as-you-go-and-eat-raw-food strategy and toward the sharing of cooked foods around fires, which became attractive locations for increased social interaction between individuals. Wrangham situates these developments around the time of the emergence of Homo erectus, approximately two million y ago. Most archeologists would agree that the colonization of areas outside of Africa, especially of regions such as Europe where temperatures at time dropped below freezing (10), was tied to the use of fire to bridge gaps in the energy budget and in resource availability during winter (11). For much later periods, a greater control and more extensive use of fire is seen by some (12, 13) as one of the behavioral innovations that emerged in Africa among modern humans, favoring their spread throughout the world and their eventual evolutionary success.","owner":{"id":2761821,"first_name":"Paola","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Villa","page_name":"VillaPaola","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2012-11-13T08:26:50.045-08:00","display_name":"Paola Villa","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/VillaPaola","email":"UnZITGxDYnhwaGxSZnVYdjRDWEVQcTc4RTJqTWZ5ek5pL2E2eUc3MWRKcz0tLUVIblZ2czZXeThsNGlsaXFMYjNDWmc9PQ==--fa710e1ccaac9de77bdc7e3b8a5ea778ef159bff"},"attachments":[{"id":43597819,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/43597819/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"5209.full.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/43597819/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"On_the_earliest_evidence_for_habitual_us.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/43597819/5209.full-libre.pdf?1457645202=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DOn_the_earliest_evidence_for_habitual_us.pdf\u0026Expires=1738784706\u0026Signature=dITp-8j~wwqrh3iI342SG8-WemHM13o8V~48b0mqkkVT7Vj1EfsRKwRNEWdShW1GVNTM5vOzn9g3OgZLAiMz7cVumokmcjlgTeB-z8oSnhqmVw1XXMnZMVy6tEbRqac9WyHU5bsqTLTZ0ZjMlWcLNM4IKdPRt5tfcVWPBNeHzFtXbqG~lzmtKYp9fA4C58G4xA1mvWJbEUr9V6sRbP6X2MGBomS6nQBqfMhya~FRKwFXxi0C0n8LHCZAI4uLvIud7~nvYqEH6dM163ySzqEeLHBcYXnv67RRuXDtm-J71VWeUcDmxQVosBMDRf2eyT-jby~ZclqwEhcL4GC~y2x1Bg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":923,"name":"Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Technology"},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary"},{"id":75826,"name":"Europe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Europe"},{"id":90326,"name":"Fossils","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fossils"},{"id":191815,"name":"Biological evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_evolution"},{"id":235690,"name":"Fires","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fires"},{"id":519447,"name":"Hominidae","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hominidae"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="26182935"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/26182935/The_empirical_case_against_the_demographic_turn_in_Palaeolithic_archaeology"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The empirical case against the 'demographic turn' in Palaeolithic archaeology" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/46507517/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/26182935/The_empirical_case_against_the_demographic_turn_in_Palaeolithic_archaeology">The empirical case against the 'demographic turn' in Palaeolithic archaeology</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://tue.academia.edu/KristVaesen">Krist Vaesen</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://leidenuni.academia.edu/WilRoebroeks">Wil Roebroeks</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Recently, it has become commonplace to interpret major transitions and other patterns in the Pala...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Recently, it has become commonplace to interpret major transitions and other patterns in the Palaeolithic archaeological record in terms of population size. Increases in cultural complexity are claimed to result from increases in population size; decreases in cultural complexity are suggested to be due to decreases in population size; and periods of no change are attributed to low numbers or frequent extirpation. In this paper, we argue that this approach is not defensible. We show that the available empirical evidence does not support the idea that cultural complexity in hunter–gatherers is governed by population size. Instead, ethnographic and archaeological data suggest that hunter–gatherer cultural complexity is most strongly influenced by environmental factors. Because all hominins were hunter–gatherers until the Holocene, this means using population size to interpret patterns in the Palaeolithic archaeological record is problematic. In future, the population size hypothesis should be viewed as one of several competing hypotheses and its predictions formally tested alongside those of its competitors. This article is part of the themed issue 'Major transitions in human evolution'.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="3f8dbeb2d4f331c2defb607cb8427723" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":46507517,"asset_id":26182935,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46507517/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="26182935"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="26182935"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26182935; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="24170018"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/24170018/Population_size_does_not_explain_past_changes_in_cultural_complexity"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Population size does not explain past changes in cultural complexity" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/44511016/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/24170018/Population_size_does_not_explain_past_changes_in_cultural_complexity">Population size does not explain past changes in cultural complexity</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://tue.academia.edu/KristVaesen">Krist Vaesen</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://sfu.academia.edu/MarkCollard">Mark Collard</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://latrobe.academia.edu/RichardCosgrove">Richard Cosgrove</a>, and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://leidenuni.academia.edu/WilRoebroeks">Wil Roebroeks</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Demography is increasingly being invoked to account for features of the archaeological record, su...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Demography is increasingly being invoked to account for features of the archaeological record, such as the technological conservatism of the Lower and Middle Pleistocene, the Middle to Upper Paleolithic transition, and cultural loss in Holocene Tasmania. Such explanations are commonly justified in relation to population dynamic models developed by Henrich Am Antiq 69: 197-214] and Powell et al. [Powell A, et al. (2009) Science 324 : 1298-1301], which appear to demonstrate that population size is the crucial determinant of cultural complexity. Here, we show that these models fail in two important respects. First, they only support a relationship between demography and culture in implausible conditions. Second, their predictions conflict with the available archaeological and ethnographic evidence. We conclude that new theoretical and empirical research is required to identify the factors that drove the changes in cultural complexity that are documented by the archaeological record. cultural evolution | demography | Upper Paleolithic transition | Tasmania | cultural complexity</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="0b775205afd3bbdd0df61038c5afa770" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":44511016,"asset_id":24170018,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44511016/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="24170018"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="24170018"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 24170018; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=24170018]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=24170018]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 24170018; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='24170018']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "0b775205afd3bbdd0df61038c5afa770" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=24170018]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":24170018,"title":"Population size does not explain past changes in cultural complexity","translated_title":"","metadata":{"ai_title_tag":"Cultural Complexity Changes Not Explained by Population Size","grobid_abstract":"Demography is increasingly being invoked to account for features of the archaeological record, such as the technological conservatism of the Lower and Middle Pleistocene, the Middle to Upper Paleolithic transition, and cultural loss in Holocene Tasmania. Such explanations are commonly justified in relation to population dynamic models developed by Henrich Am Antiq 69: 197-214] and Powell et al. [Powell A, et al. (2009) Science 324 : 1298-1301], which appear to demonstrate that population size is the crucial determinant of cultural complexity. Here, we show that these models fail in two important respects. First, they only support a relationship between demography and culture in implausible conditions. Second, their predictions conflict with the available archaeological and ethnographic evidence. We conclude that new theoretical and empirical research is required to identify the factors that drove the changes in cultural complexity that are documented by the archaeological record. cultural evolution | demography | Upper Paleolithic transition | Tasmania | cultural complexity","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":44511016},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/24170018/Population_size_does_not_explain_past_changes_in_cultural_complexity","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2016-04-07T09:23:20.795-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":347528,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[{"id":18636275,"work_id":24170018,"tagging_user_id":347528,"tagged_user_id":48540,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"m***d@sfu.ca","affiliation":"Simon Fraser University","display_order":0,"name":"Mark Collard","title":"Population size does not explain past changes in cultural complexity"},{"id":18636276,"work_id":24170018,"tagging_user_id":347528,"tagged_user_id":1267056,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"r***e@latrobe.edu.au","affiliation":"La Trobe University","display_order":4194304,"name":"Richard Cosgrove","title":"Population size does not explain past changes in cultural complexity"},{"id":18636277,"work_id":24170018,"tagging_user_id":347528,"tagged_user_id":33153302,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"w***s@arch.leidenuniv.nl","affiliation":"Leiden University","display_order":6291456,"name":"Wil Roebroeks","title":"Population size does not explain past changes in cultural complexity"}],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":44511016,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/44511016/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"00_PNAS_online.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44511016/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Population_size_does_not_explain_past_ch.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/44511016/00_PNAS_online-libre.pdf?1460053835=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DPopulation_size_does_not_explain_past_ch.pdf\u0026Expires=1738714296\u0026Signature=QFpjDQhRo2HdBc4R9fiZCPk1w5vW6vxRVWqZ81FNX67tI6TnwwkrnFZXGFafeti4Fj8zl142cImuROtiDXaWDjXHEBKCDM-cstEcHKnC7yvLTtSd-WbTYIzMvbv1Q5enj2itpw1KWoCNEEzJw6NROHHXqBk7EFhXOlY~GuTXT0I1X9ZOYeSCptiiN~SMCOVpfD0Tr7r-f-kleBOoXQH4qpfQcZYIw3sK2kBmCg0S-W89iaB-G6SWkjvTnwrqEeq5o9O2uoxL43UotOv8W1EOqq4Zcgpxtd2t4XL02RvHOl11def8WUdfUO6qKqG1BqAT3JVdnwG2HihNJOL6E5yWXg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Population_size_does_not_explain_past_changes_in_cultural_complexity","translated_slug":"","page_count":7,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"Demography is increasingly being invoked to account for features of the archaeological record, such as the technological conservatism of the Lower and Middle Pleistocene, the Middle to Upper Paleolithic transition, and cultural loss in Holocene Tasmania. Such explanations are commonly justified in relation to population dynamic models developed by Henrich Am Antiq 69: 197-214] and Powell et al. [Powell A, et al. (2009) Science 324 : 1298-1301], which appear to demonstrate that population size is the crucial determinant of cultural complexity. Here, we show that these models fail in two important respects. First, they only support a relationship between demography and culture in implausible conditions. Second, their predictions conflict with the available archaeological and ethnographic evidence. We conclude that new theoretical and empirical research is required to identify the factors that drove the changes in cultural complexity that are documented by the archaeological record. cultural evolution | demography | Upper Paleolithic transition | Tasmania | cultural complexity","owner":{"id":347528,"first_name":"Krist","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Vaesen","page_name":"KristVaesen","domain_name":"tue","created_at":"2011-03-01T21:36:11.814-08:00","display_name":"Krist Vaesen","url":"https://tue.academia.edu/KristVaesen"},"attachments":[{"id":44511016,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/44511016/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"00_PNAS_online.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44511016/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Population_size_does_not_explain_past_ch.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/44511016/00_PNAS_online-libre.pdf?1460053835=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DPopulation_size_does_not_explain_past_ch.pdf\u0026Expires=1738714296\u0026Signature=QFpjDQhRo2HdBc4R9fiZCPk1w5vW6vxRVWqZ81FNX67tI6TnwwkrnFZXGFafeti4Fj8zl142cImuROtiDXaWDjXHEBKCDM-cstEcHKnC7yvLTtSd-WbTYIzMvbv1Q5enj2itpw1KWoCNEEzJw6NROHHXqBk7EFhXOlY~GuTXT0I1X9ZOYeSCptiiN~SMCOVpfD0Tr7r-f-kleBOoXQH4qpfQcZYIw3sK2kBmCg0S-W89iaB-G6SWkjvTnwrqEeq5o9O2uoxL43UotOv8W1EOqq4Zcgpxtd2t4XL02RvHOl11def8WUdfUO6qKqG1BqAT3JVdnwG2HihNJOL6E5yWXg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="13657888"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/13657888/Homo_erectus_at_Trinil_on_Java_used_shells_for_tool_production_and_engraving"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Homo erectus at Trinil on Java used shells for tool production and engraving" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/13657888/Homo_erectus_at_Trinil_on_Java_used_shells_for_tool_production_and_engraving">Homo erectus at Trinil on Java used shells for tool production and engraving</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://vu-nl.academia.edu/JohnReijmer">John Reijmer</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://leidenuni.academia.edu/WilRoebroeks">Wil Roebroeks</a>, and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://cultureelerfgoed.academia.edu/BertilvanOs">Bertil van Os</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Nature</span><span>, 2014</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The manufacture of geometric engravings is generally interpreted as indicative of modern cognitio...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The manufacture of geometric engravings is generally interpreted as indicative of modern cognition and behaviour. Key questions in the debate on the origin of such behaviour are whether this innovation is restricted to Homo sapiens, and whether it has a uniquely African origin. Here we report on a fossil freshwater shell assemblage from the Hauptknochenschicht (&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;main bone layer&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;) of Trinil (Java, Indonesia), the type locality of Homo erectus discovered by Eugène Dubois in 1891 (refs 2 and 3). In the Dubois collection (in the Naturalis museum, Leiden, The Netherlands) we found evidence for freshwater shellfish consumption by hominins, one unambiguous shell tool, and a shell with a geometric engraving. We dated sediment contained in the shells with (40)Ar/(39)Ar and luminescence dating methods, obtaining a maximum age of 0.54 ± 0.10 million years and a minimum age of 0.43 ± 0.05 million years. This implies that the Trinil Hauptknochenschicht is younger than previously estimated. Together, our data indicate that the engraving was made by Homo erectus, and that it is considerably older than the oldest geometric engravings described so far. Although it is at present not possible to assess the function or meaning of the engraved shell, this discovery suggests that engraving abstract patterns was in the realm of Asian Homo erectus cognition and neuromotor control.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="13657888"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="13657888"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13657888; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); 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dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=13657888]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":13657888,"title":"Homo erectus at Trinil on Java used shells for tool production and engraving","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/13657888/Homo_erectus_at_Trinil_on_Java_used_shells_for_tool_production_and_engraving","owner_id":32810865,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":32810865,"first_name":"John","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Reijmer","page_name":"JohnReijmer","domain_name":"vu-nl","created_at":"2015-07-05T09:48:38.264-07:00","display_name":"John Reijmer","url":"https://vu-nl.academia.edu/JohnReijmer"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="22581041"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/22581041/Watching_the_River_Flow_A_small_scale_survey_of_the_floodplain_deposits_of_the_Vezere_valley_between_Le_Moustier_and_Les_Eyzies_Dordogne_France_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Watching the River Flow: A small-scale survey of the floodplain deposits of the Vezere valley, between Le Moustier and Les Eyzies (Dordogne, France)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/43187424/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/22581041/Watching_the_River_Flow_A_small_scale_survey_of_the_floodplain_deposits_of_the_Vezere_valley_between_Le_Moustier_and_Les_Eyzies_Dordogne_France_">Watching the River Flow: A small-scale survey of the floodplain deposits of the Vezere valley, between Le Moustier and Les Eyzies (Dordogne, France)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://leidenuni.academia.edu/WilRoebroeks">Wil Roebroeks</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://leidenuniv.academia.edu/MatthijsvanKolfschoten">Matthijs van Kolfschoten</a>, and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://leidenuniv.academia.edu/HansKamermans">Hans Kamermans</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="540f296cd664a961bc3a9b73808d25ab" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":43187424,"asset_id":22581041,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/43187424/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="22581041"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="22581041"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 22581041; 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from the North</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://leidenuni.academia.edu/WilRoebroeks">Wil Roebroeks</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://leidenuniv.academia.edu/MatthijsvanKolfschoten">Matthijs van Kolfschoten</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">RESUMEN En la interpretación del registro arqueológico europeo con ..cronología corta" los primer...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">RESUMEN En la interpretación del registro arqueológico europeo con ..cronología corta" los primeros vestigios inambiguos de presencia humana datan de hace sólo 500.000 -600.000 años. Desde el desarrollo de este escenario, que se basó en una reevaluación detallada de la evidencia industrial y cronológica, han ocurrido hallazgos en zonas del sur de Europa quc parccen más anriguos dc 500.000 -(r0().(x)0 años. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="17802587"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/17802587/Archaeology_Life_on_the_Costa_del_Cromer"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Archaeology: Life on the Costa del Cromer" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/39719011/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/17802587/Archaeology_Life_on_the_Costa_del_Cromer">Archaeology: Life on the Costa del Cromer</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Nature</span><span>, 2005</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Flint fragments from eastern England constitute the earliest known evidence of human occupation o...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Flint fragments from eastern England constitute the earliest known evidence of human occupation of Britain. The climate was balmy, and the environment was home to a wide range of animals and plants.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="07859a227edf9a00f2d1de6a2c7f281d" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":39719011,"asset_id":17802587,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/39719011/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="17802587"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="17802587"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 17802587; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="17802586"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/17802586/The_human_colonisation_of_Europe_where_are_we"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The human colonisation of Europe: where are we?" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/39719009/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/17802586/The_human_colonisation_of_Europe_where_are_we">The human colonisation of Europe: where are we?</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Quaternary Science</span><span>, 2006</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This paper focuses on the earlier parts of the human colonisation of Europe and its wider setting...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This paper focuses on the earlier parts of the human colonisation of Europe and its wider setting and addresses the two basic tasks of archaeologists working in this field: (1) to identify the spatio-temporal patterns of human presence and absence, i.e. getting the pattern 'right '; (2) to explain these patterns. Archaeologists have invested mostly in the first task, while the second one takes us to the field of biogeography. Study of biogeographical limits of hominins necessitates integration of many aspects of a species, e.g. diet, life history and social organisation, and the way environmental factors shape these. Palaeoanthropologists need to combine these with establishing data on the chronology of hominin presence, on palaeoenvironment and climatic oscillations, on emergence and disappearance of land bridges, and so on. They further have to acknowledge the fact that only very small parts of the former ranges of the species have been sampled 'adequately'. The paper explores some of the key issues at stake in dealing with the human colonisation of Europe. y 5th John Wiley Lecture, January 5th 2005, QRA Discussion Meeting, British Museum, London (UK) 1 I refer to Homo erectus sensu stricto (s.s.) to denote the east Asian specimens only, and to Homo erectus sensu lato (s.l.) when including the east African specimens that are classified by some as Homo ergaster (cf. Dennell and Roebroeks, 2005).</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="68f545b984fb413fa7c2584fcce675db" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":39719009,"asset_id":17802586,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/39719009/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="17802586"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="17802586"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 17802586; 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dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "68f545b984fb413fa7c2584fcce675db" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=17802586]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":17802586,"title":"The human colonisation of Europe: where are we?","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/17802586/The_human_colonisation_of_Europe_where_are_we","owner_id":33153302,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":33153302,"first_name":"Wil","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Roebroeks","page_name":"WilRoebroeks","domain_name":"leidenuni","created_at":"2015-07-18T00:42:04.779-07:00","display_name":"Wil Roebroeks","url":"https://leidenuni.academia.edu/WilRoebroeks"},"attachments":[{"id":39719009,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/39719009/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"jqs.1044.pdf20151105-4796-cxugki","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/39719009/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"The_human_colonisation_of_Europe_where_a.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/39719009/jqs.1044-libre.pdf20151105-4796-cxugki?1446740058=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DThe_human_colonisation_of_Europe_where_a.pdf\u0026Expires=1740162613\u0026Signature=PhEhTCdRNLE0~AZR3cB1RlvR1sNynw2G5ZOJQh4moxtGfB8kzFCF0WOjHH1jHhgVUFbtoMaWp~1LHUOWYVHtk9PEPl-vRQYnsP~77XJtBskZApOvfVDLdJvnW5Qlb2mtxIJcfmeQNnjfRmBPoX9cP1hcy3-8XVfMi3XujW8MLMgv-ONoQIho8121Ea5lqCW0wscfmqRiS44RPO0esA3cdOQ~o41zH-hCyTTmVrUYe2Sm2kYv6vZZWIwwX2yhGzAWo3xz8CbUJdgkM2f4E~9XSkDMTgItJxoY6XFeP9xb1FOWSu3Ds-ed-wSCkYS7M6LSJWteL-XaIuOwsVgHxcGeOA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="17802585"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/17802585/Time_for_the_Middle_to_Upper_Paleolithic_transition_in_Europe"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Time for the Middle to Upper Paleolithic transition in Europe" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/42228269/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/17802585/Time_for_the_Middle_to_Upper_Paleolithic_transition_in_Europe">Time for the Middle to Upper Paleolithic transition in Europe</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Human Evolution</span><span>, 2008</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The Middle to Upper Paleolithic transition is a key period of change in the prehistory of the Old...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The Middle to Upper Paleolithic transition is a key period of change in the prehistory of the Old World and one of the most studied issues in paleoanthropology, as the nature of the transition(s) is still, after at least a century of archaeological research, largely unknown. Many of the issues at stake in the transition relate to the problem of building a reliable chronology for this period, which is at the limits of the radiocarbon method. The papers in this volume show that much progress has been made in our chronological knowledge of significant aspects of the transition, such as the age of the most recent Neandertal fossils and the earliest modern human remains in Europe, and the inferred overlap between the Châtelperronian and the Aurignacian. At the same time, the volume also shows where the chronological database for the period 40 to 30 ka 14C BP is flawed and that significant contextual and methodological problems have been underestimated in a number of studies of the biological and cultural changes during this crucial period. Chronology is employed by paleoanthropologists to relate the record of the Middle to Upper Paleolithic transition to major biological and cultural developments. This paper takes a broader paleoanthropological perspective and attempts to evaluate and, to some degree, synthesize the main results of these proceedings, while also presenting a brief discussion of the Middle and Upper Paleolithic archaeological and fossil records, and possible explanations for the differences between the two, focusing on the role of differences in the ecology of Neandertals and early European modern humans.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="d61a621b6108a5967ce2745b6858fd8d" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":42228269,"asset_id":17802585,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42228269/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="17802585"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="17802585"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 17802585; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="17802583"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/17802583/The_Pleistocene_colonization_of_northeastern_Europe_a_report_on_recent_research"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The Pleistocene colonization of northeastern Europe: a report on recent research" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/41925855/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/17802583/The_Pleistocene_colonization_of_northeastern_Europe_a_report_on_recent_research">The Pleistocene colonization of northeastern Europe: a report on recent research</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Human Evolution</span><span>, 2004</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Recent studies have shown that northeastern Europe was occupied by humans significantly earlier t...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Recent studies have shown that northeastern Europe was occupied by humans significantly earlier than previously thought. Some traces of human presence in the European Arctic even date back to about 35e40 ka. This paper discusses the Middle and early Upper Palaeolithic (EUP) assemblages from this area within the local context of their environmental characteristics, as well as their implications for our views on the occupational history of northern environments.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="1e33f5b5c7849ed8ff3e22094c6a84d8" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":41925855,"asset_id":17802583,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41925855/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="17802583"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="17802583"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 17802583; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=17802583]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=17802583]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 17802583; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='17802583']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "1e33f5b5c7849ed8ff3e22094c6a84d8" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=17802583]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":17802583,"title":"The Pleistocene colonization of northeastern Europe: a report on recent research","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/17802583/The_Pleistocene_colonization_of_northeastern_Europe_a_report_on_recent_research","owner_id":33153302,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":33153302,"first_name":"Wil","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Roebroeks","page_name":"WilRoebroeks","domain_name":"leidenuni","created_at":"2015-07-18T00:42:04.779-07:00","display_name":"Wil Roebroeks","url":"https://leidenuni.academia.edu/WilRoebroeks"},"attachments":[{"id":41925855,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/41925855/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"The_Pleistocene_colonization_of_northeas20160202-30232-fefl2y.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41925855/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"The_Pleistocene_colonization_of_northeas.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/41925855/The_Pleistocene_colonization_of_northeas20160202-30232-fefl2y-libre.pdf?1454486028=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DThe_Pleistocene_colonization_of_northeas.pdf\u0026Expires=1740162613\u0026Signature=gUrKKdE6I5l~pmR-BVlJVSWJPqCRKYGtf16~HDXNTcObVxFhBpRTgsbVsCKBeVrK0lmuWdbCBOpvDo0KvoyY5-Wpczo6JSQ7SfpFZWNL4nXpcUyNfxX-8OmOQCzcn9IjcNjn9G3g2hiDysKEtihVlrK9RW52G~UmIN3L9QN-A7tF~PHm0SnvSnRqsfOVrmwBbDVeMEdOH7tK8CCzX6wgJUow~vb7OVf4UTX9XWvVgqueA7XOPAbpxHtZW-yBtG6AmI3p00Bc2tCLq~GX7KN9RwOaXdaSoxkb64g0Oo-HI~~L9z2R20OICUcTRKZGSebw8z4kHi7xpx8csySumdZSoQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="17802582"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/17802582/Hominid_behaviour_and_the_earliest_occupation_of_Europe_an_exploration"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Hominid behaviour and the earliest occupation of Europe: an exploration" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/42228277/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/17802582/Hominid_behaviour_and_the_earliest_occupation_of_Europe_an_exploration">Hominid behaviour and the earliest occupation of Europe: an exploration</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Human Evolution</span><span>, 2001</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The last decade has witnessed a heated debate over the age and the character of the earliest occu...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The last decade has witnessed a heated debate over the age and the character of the earliest occupation of Europe. This paper addresses two aspects of the debate, one dealing with the chronology of occupation, which is put to use in the second issue, an exploration of the behaviour of the earliest occupants of Europe. The review of the debate on chronology concludes that a short chronology applies to Europe north of the large mountain chains of the Alps and the Pyrenees, where the earliest traces of a human presence date back to about half a million years ago. In this phased-colonisation model, the Mediterranean, and especially Spain, saw an earlier occupation, starting around the end of the Lower Pleistocene. The archaeological record of these first Europeans suggests that from the first presence in northern Europe onwards, regular hunting of large game was common practice among Middle Pleistocene hominids. By situating this archaeological evidence in the context of findings from a range of other disciplines I develop a behavioural scenario which suggests that, at its latest by the Middle Pleistocene, increased forms of social cooperation, exchange of information within larger groups and in general forms of behaviour based on a &amp;quot;release from proximity&amp;quot; had become a standard ingredient of the hominid behavioural repertoire.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="b79a2b8f4e269c460490e6a0f7fc67e0" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":42228277,"asset_id":17802582,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42228277/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="17802582"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="17802582"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 17802582; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="17802581"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/17802581/On_the_Lower_Paleolithic_Site_La_Belle_Roche_An_Alternative_Interpretation"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of On the "Lower Paleolithic" Site La Belle Roche: An Alternative Interpretation" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/17802581/On_the_Lower_Paleolithic_Site_La_Belle_Roche_An_Alternative_Interpretation">On the "Lower Paleolithic" Site La Belle Roche: An Alternative Interpretation</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Current Anthropology</span><span>, 1986</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">... 1981. La grotte de la Belle Roche a Sprimont: Un gisement a galets amenages due Pleistocene m...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">... 1981. La grotte de la Belle Roche a Sprimont: Un gisement a galets amenages due Pleistocene moyen ancien. ... Around 30,000 years ago, in the Aurigna-cian, at the beginning of the Upper Palaeolithic, someone or some group in the Eyzies region invented drawing, the repre ...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="17802581"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="17802581"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 17802581; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); 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The oldest traces of human activities, dated to around 36e35 14 C ka BP (43e40 cal ka), were found in alluvial strata at Mamontovaya Kurya at the Polar Circle -their connection to cultures further south remains uncertain. Slightly younger artefacts were found at the site Zaozer'e, nearly a thousand km further to the south, where a rich archaeological assemblage, dated to 34e33 14 C ka BP (39e37 cal ka), was uncovered from underneath several meters of loess. The assemblage contains some small "Middle Palaeolithic like" bifaces alongside distinct Upper Palaeolithic traits, such as well-defined blades. This site also contains some perforated "pendants" made of freshwater molluscs. At the Byzovaya site, located at 65 N and radiocarbon dated to about 30e29 14 C ka BP (34e32 cal ka), more than 300 artefacts and several thousand animal remains, mostly of mammoth, were incorporated in coarsegrained debris-flow deposits, sealed by aeolian sand. Pending the results from a new technological analysis of the whole artefact assemblage we can yet not decide whether Byzovaya should be categorized as a Middle-or Upper Palaeolithic site. The finds from Garchi, located in a loess sequence near Zaozer'e, have a similar or slightly younger age than the material from Byzovaya. Also at this site bifacial tools are present; alongside some characteristic triangle projectile points as well as some other elements which have nearly identical counterparts in the Upper Palaeolithic Kostenki/Streletskaya and Sungirian complexes, unambiguously associated with Modern humans. We conclude that the initial human colonisations along the Ural Mountains took place during a relatively favourable period of Marine Isotope Stage 3, when only small mountain glaciers existed in this region. The finds from the Medvezhia Peshera rock shelter have a completely different age (19e16 14 C ka BP, 23e19 cal ka) and character, indicating that humans also were present along the Urals close to the Last Glacial Maximum (26e19 ka BP), the coldest and driest period of the last ice age. The few artefacts that were uncovered at Pymva Shor, the northernmost site investigated by us, are probably a little younger than those at Medveshia Peshera, but the timing of human presence is not precisely constrained at this site. In view of the obtained results it appears that humans were at least temporarily present in these northern landscapes from more than 40,000 years ago and onwards.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="3010d7642ba53e51a167516946eeb7a7" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":45102503,"asset_id":13653667,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45102503/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="13653667"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="13653667"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13653667; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=13653667]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=13653667]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13653667; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='13653667']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "3010d7642ba53e51a167516946eeb7a7" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=13653667]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":13653667,"title":"Geo-archaeological investigations of Palaeolithic sites along the Ural Mountains - On the northern presence of humans during the last Ice Age","translated_title":"","metadata":{"grobid_abstract":"We review geo-archaeological results from six Palaeolithic sites along the western flank of the northern Ural Mountains. The oldest traces of human activities, dated to around 36e35 14 C ka BP (43e40 cal ka), were found in alluvial strata at Mamontovaya Kurya at the Polar Circle -their connection to cultures further south remains uncertain. Slightly younger artefacts were found at the site Zaozer'e, nearly a thousand km further to the south, where a rich archaeological assemblage, dated to 34e33 14 C ka BP (39e37 cal ka), was uncovered from underneath several meters of loess. The assemblage contains some small \"Middle Palaeolithic like\" bifaces alongside distinct Upper Palaeolithic traits, such as well-defined blades. This site also contains some perforated \"pendants\" made of freshwater molluscs. At the Byzovaya site, located at 65 N and radiocarbon dated to about 30e29 14 C ka BP (34e32 cal ka), more than 300 artefacts and several thousand animal remains, mostly of mammoth, were incorporated in coarsegrained debris-flow deposits, sealed by aeolian sand. Pending the results from a new technological analysis of the whole artefact assemblage we can yet not decide whether Byzovaya should be categorized as a Middle-or Upper Palaeolithic site. The finds from Garchi, located in a loess sequence near Zaozer'e, have a similar or slightly younger age than the material from Byzovaya. Also at this site bifacial tools are present; alongside some characteristic triangle projectile points as well as some other elements which have nearly identical counterparts in the Upper Palaeolithic Kostenki/Streletskaya and Sungirian complexes, unambiguously associated with Modern humans. We conclude that the initial human colonisations along the Ural Mountains took place during a relatively favourable period of Marine Isotope Stage 3, when only small mountain glaciers existed in this region. The finds from the Medvezhia Peshera rock shelter have a completely different age (19e16 14 C ka BP, 23e19 cal ka) and character, indicating that humans also were present along the Urals close to the Last Glacial Maximum (26e19 ka BP), the coldest and driest period of the last ice age. The few artefacts that were uncovered at Pymva Shor, the northernmost site investigated by us, are probably a little younger than those at Medveshia Peshera, but the timing of human presence is not precisely constrained at this site. In view of the obtained results it appears that humans were at least temporarily present in these northern landscapes from more than 40,000 years ago and onwards.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2010,"errors":{}},"grobid_abstract_attachment_id":45102503},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/13653667/Geo_archaeological_investigations_of_Palaeolithic_sites_along_the_Ural_Mountains_On_the_northern_presence_of_humans_during_the_last_Ice_Age","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2015-07-05T07:48:16.802-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":32808371,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[{"id":2311129,"work_id":13653667,"tagging_user_id":32808371,"tagged_user_id":24138207,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"a***r@gmail.com","affiliation":"University of Bergen","display_order":0,"name":"Anne Karin Hufthammer","title":"Geo-archaeological investigations of Palaeolithic sites along the Ural Mountains - On the northern presence of humans during the last Ice Age"},{"id":2311179,"work_id":13653667,"tagging_user_id":32808371,"tagged_user_id":null,"co_author_invite_id":274248,"email":"j***n@geol.uib.no","display_order":4194304,"name":"John Svendsen","title":"Geo-archaeological investigations of Palaeolithic sites along the Ural Mountains - On the northern presence of humans during the last Ice Age"},{"id":8652683,"work_id":13653667,"tagging_user_id":32808371,"tagged_user_id":null,"co_author_invite_id":1949283,"email":"w***s@rulpre.leidenuniv.nl","display_order":6291456,"name":"Wil Roebroeks","title":"Geo-archaeological investigations of Palaeolithic sites along the Ural Mountains - On the northern presence of humans during the last Ice Age"},{"id":8652684,"work_id":13653667,"tagging_user_id":32808371,"tagged_user_id":33153302,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"w***s@arch.leidenuniv.nl","affiliation":"Leiden University","display_order":7340032,"name":"Wil Roebroeks","title":"Geo-archaeological investigations of Palaeolithic sites along the Ural Mountains - On the northern presence of humans during the last Ice Age"},{"id":8652685,"work_id":13653667,"tagging_user_id":32808371,"tagged_user_id":52616750,"co_author_invite_id":1949284,"email":"h***n@gmail.com","display_order":7864320,"name":"H. 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The oldest traces of human activities, dated to around 36e35 14 C ka BP (43e40 cal ka), were found in alluvial strata at Mamontovaya Kurya at the Polar Circle -their connection to cultures further south remains uncertain. Slightly younger artefacts were found at the site Zaozer'e, nearly a thousand km further to the south, where a rich archaeological assemblage, dated to 34e33 14 C ka BP (39e37 cal ka), was uncovered from underneath several meters of loess. The assemblage contains some small \"Middle Palaeolithic like\" bifaces alongside distinct Upper Palaeolithic traits, such as well-defined blades. This site also contains some perforated \"pendants\" made of freshwater molluscs. At the Byzovaya site, located at 65 N and radiocarbon dated to about 30e29 14 C ka BP (34e32 cal ka), more than 300 artefacts and several thousand animal remains, mostly of mammoth, were incorporated in coarsegrained debris-flow deposits, sealed by aeolian sand. Pending the results from a new technological analysis of the whole artefact assemblage we can yet not decide whether Byzovaya should be categorized as a Middle-or Upper Palaeolithic site. The finds from Garchi, located in a loess sequence near Zaozer'e, have a similar or slightly younger age than the material from Byzovaya. Also at this site bifacial tools are present; alongside some characteristic triangle projectile points as well as some other elements which have nearly identical counterparts in the Upper Palaeolithic Kostenki/Streletskaya and Sungirian complexes, unambiguously associated with Modern humans. We conclude that the initial human colonisations along the Ural Mountains took place during a relatively favourable period of Marine Isotope Stage 3, when only small mountain glaciers existed in this region. The finds from the Medvezhia Peshera rock shelter have a completely different age (19e16 14 C ka BP, 23e19 cal ka) and character, indicating that humans also were present along the Urals close to the Last Glacial Maximum (26e19 ka BP), the coldest and driest period of the last ice age. The few artefacts that were uncovered at Pymva Shor, the northernmost site investigated by us, are probably a little younger than those at Medveshia Peshera, but the timing of human presence is not precisely constrained at this site. In view of the obtained results it appears that humans were at least temporarily present in these northern landscapes from more than 40,000 years ago and onwards.","owner":{"id":32808371,"first_name":"Jan","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Mangerud","page_name":"JanMangerud","domain_name":"uib","created_at":"2015-07-05T07:45:27.782-07:00","display_name":"Jan Mangerud","url":"https://uib.academia.edu/JanMangerud","email":"NzlGSE9BcE4xZkxtcmIyWWQyNUowL2p3YTE3REdJZURXd2Q4RitJN1J2WT0tLVRteUMwNVQ1T0FVWW1LUk9COGtyOGc9PQ==--a1210eb1caf4878e504cc7d40ea0713c4376c208"},"attachments":[{"id":45102503,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/45102503/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Geo-archaeological_investigations_of_Pal20160426-10895-dl9qke.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45102503/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Geo_archaeological_investigations_of_Pal.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/45102503/Geo-archaeological_investigations_of_Pal20160426-10895-dl9qke-libre.pdf?1461682394=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DGeo_archaeological_investigations_of_Pal.pdf\u0026Expires=1738784706\u0026Signature=HuAmXoZRATMknEYKtQfM5iFo1W5-iXVrXTwwzPWhzuS-8P-B11bv5AV4OskabHxUv9Colu~UQ5hE-JmUJ26QXAhZZVnQN8d1InEPinFSaFlXFmtJJP2DKOKwCIVBIP6BfqdPufTMVVPfQsIL0AhCrptGwdIWbbfD2MORMKYXDRKYVqgl1nypeONDYEP8Je0CGjX06KXRdIPxrGwI0yjyLDrhlR11yoD-eiO2fSVfgpfC6FDVb5wIeeJZr08r3xe4uFFKt3RwOqGrO0PZWL1gaBU6j44cXOE67l4zdS7u3FOr65J65VnkfRpgeoP8zgpaP8YGWoT4xJ96qiL~cgeyRw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":400,"name":"Earth Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earth_Sciences"},{"id":74630,"name":"Site Investigation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Site_Investigation"},{"id":79294,"name":"Quaternary Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quaternary_Science"},{"id":93755,"name":"History and archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_and_archaeology"},{"id":93937,"name":"Radiocarbon Dating","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiocarbon_Dating"},{"id":112709,"name":"Debris Flow","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Debris_Flow"},{"id":185526,"name":"Last Glacial Maximum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Last_Glacial_Maximum"},{"id":244291,"name":"Marine Isotope Stage","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Isotope_Stage"},{"id":373417,"name":"Quaternary Science Reviews","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quaternary_Science_Reviews"},{"id":413301,"name":"Perforation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Perforation"},{"id":509556,"name":"Human Activity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Activity"},{"id":1128081,"name":"Coarse Grained Soil","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coarse_Grained_Soil"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="9093393"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/9093393/Evidence_for_the_Blake_Event_recorded_at_the_Eemian_archaeological_site_of_Caours_France"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Evidence for the Blake Event recorded at the Eemian archaeological site of Caours, France" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/35389137/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/9093393/Evidence_for_the_Blake_Event_recorded_at_the_Eemian_archaeological_site_of_Caours_France">Evidence for the Blake Event recorded at the Eemian archaeological site of Caours, France</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://inrap.academia.edu/JeanLucLocht">Jean-Luc Locht</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://leidenuni.academia.edu/WilRoebroeks">Wil Roebroeks</a>, and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://universiteitutrecht.academia.edu/MarkJSier">Mark J. Sier</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">A palaeomagnetic study of the Last Interglacial calcareous tufa sequence at the archaeological si...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">A palaeomagnetic study of the Last Interglacial calcareous tufa sequence at the archaeological site of<br />Caours (northern France) identified a geomagnetic excursion that we interpret as the Blake Event. Earlier<br />palaeontological (molluscs, mammals) and geochemical proxy studies at this site allowed recognition of<br />full interglacial conditions prevailing during the deposition of the tufa sequence. The tufa sequence and<br />associated Palaeolithic levels have been dated to the Eemian interglacial by a set of TIMS U/Th measurements<br />on calcitic concretions (average : 123 ± 3 ka). By previous correlations of the Blake Event with<br />the Eemian sensu stricto (as defined in the Netherlands) pollenzones at Neumark Nord 2 (Germany) and<br />Rutten (The Netherlands) it has been shown that the continental Eemian starts after the peak of Marine<br />Isotope Stage (MIS) 5e. The identification of the Blake Event at Caours implies a post MIS 5e peak age for<br />all four levels of the Palaeolithic occupation. In perspective of the time lag between the MIS 5e peak and<br />the beginning of the Eemian identified in other studies, it is very likely that during the main occupation<br />of Caours a significant barrier was in place between north western France and Great Britain, in the form<br />of the English Channel. It is possible that the chronological position of the Last Interglacial environments<br />in northwestern Europe in relation to sea-level change</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="d438a19be3def8dc1b50a5604055ecdc" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":35389137,"asset_id":9093393,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/35389137/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="9093393"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="9093393"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 9093393; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=9093393]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=9093393]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 9093393; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='9093393']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "d438a19be3def8dc1b50a5604055ecdc" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=9093393]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":9093393,"title":"Evidence for the Blake Event recorded at the Eemian archaeological site of Caours, France","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/9093393/Evidence_for_the_Blake_Event_recorded_at_the_Eemian_archaeological_site_of_Caours_France","owner_id":456096,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":456096,"first_name":"Mark J.","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Sier","page_name":"MarkJSier","domain_name":"universiteitutrecht","created_at":"2011-05-26T17:08:26.746-07:00","display_name":"Mark J. Sier","url":"https://universiteitutrecht.academia.edu/MarkJSier"},"attachments":[{"id":35389137,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/35389137/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Sier_etal_Caours_2014.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/35389137/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Evidence_for_the_Blake_Event_recorded_at.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/35389137/Sier_etal_Caours_2014-libre.pdf?1415004007=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DEvidence_for_the_Blake_Event_recorded_at.pdf\u0026Expires=1740162613\u0026Signature=R7FGFJurJ7ZzgaTTe14EeYW17XC5aAxDhy-36p4N0p6n7ookxKdGYFvE94SOS2AAsdZbAOiaY~Qc6NPz7wK2T9yYuFe1k0ip4LyoaBemR3ygb7fN2pPFvDlpoPBoQMvUodsD9A8XPPy9taUx~aKXDxUMptWMt8OhnDbxAWO-gHHgI2CHqD4uuSBGPi3Tbgkr7GlnleYQUo~J97ARHowhhgFJo1NfdMOkzT8ogwyuO5q7ooNQOjGqF6UNHPeuA7ew37dwIHcD7UDOpWTKFbSuKF7Le455Py5PrG~zUvLfWkTaJO9w8vCqszI7VEP~FD5qfNRVMI99zm0xr1EatvG5JA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="1278847"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/1278847/Use_of_red_ochre_by_early_Neandertals_Proceedings_of_the_National_Academy_of_Sciences"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Use of red ochre by early Neandertals. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences." class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/31110364/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/1278847/Use_of_red_ochre_by_early_Neandertals_Proceedings_of_the_National_Academy_of_Sciences">Use of red ochre by early Neandertals. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://universiteitutrecht.academia.edu/MarkJSier">Mark J. Sier</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://leidenuni.academia.edu/WilRoebroeks">Wil Roebroeks</a>, and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DimitriDeLoecker">Dimitri De Loecker</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The use of manganese and iron oxides by late Neandertals is well documented in Europe, especially...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The use of manganese and iron oxides by late Neandertals is well documented in Europe, especially for the period 60–40 kya. Such finds often have been interpreted as pigments even though their exact function is largely unknown. Here we report significantly older iron oxide finds that constitute the earliest documented use of red ochre by Neandertals. These finds were small concentrates of red material retrieved during excavations at Maastricht-Belvédère, The Netherlands. The excavations exposed a series of well-preserved flint artifact (and occasionally bone) scatters, formed in a river valley setting during a late Middle Pleistocene full interglacial period. Samples of the reddish material were submitted to various forms of analyses to study their physical properties. All analyses identified the red material as hematite. This is a nonlocal material that was imported to the site, possibly over dozens of kilometers. Identification of the Maastricht-Belvédère finds as hematite pushes the use of red ochre by (early) Neandertals back in time significantly, to minimally 200–250 kya (i.e., to the same time range as the early ochre use in the African record).</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="82af3dfd6cd1af18029590c791898b2d" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":31110364,"asset_id":1278847,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/31110364/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="1278847"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="1278847"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1278847; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1278847]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1278847]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1278847; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='1278847']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "82af3dfd6cd1af18029590c791898b2d" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=1278847]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":1278847,"title":"Use of red ochre by early Neandertals. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/1278847/Use_of_red_ochre_by_early_Neandertals_Proceedings_of_the_National_Academy_of_Sciences","owner_id":456096,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":456096,"first_name":"Mark J.","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Sier","page_name":"MarkJSier","domain_name":"universiteitutrecht","created_at":"2011-05-26T17:08:26.746-07:00","display_name":"Mark J. Sier","url":"https://universiteitutrecht.academia.edu/MarkJSier"},"attachments":[{"id":31110364,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/31110364/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Roebroeks_PNAS_2012.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/31110364/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Use_of_red_ochre_by_early_Neandertals_Pr.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/31110364/Roebroeks_PNAS_2012-libre.pdf?1392112907=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DUse_of_red_ochre_by_early_Neandertals_Pr.pdf\u0026Expires=1740162613\u0026Signature=F8Buf9Bv~DswyAQxrEH0ma4Iynf1YlNvwYtLrfApxnpgGp5NPN9rOMxb0Opwm4XEG6PS6ahUw0Id8AsscRvPmJUZKOAbe2u2dKtnt4YPkns1nsts1RsuWIi~K00hgY0G7ZwMXM8P4zey7ipvdtKNE2sQUVenvvjyZu4uiRLsCyNWdrUzHeeJrJbI25ECKUHe68~grpaOnBnt-nQA083xR8pbn7x2EqoviXM9oa1fM7BlhnwxmV3os6hFTnkRz3u8U-K6NdbagTKKClf~dCcxG8dnsJbE6zPWeyeB5E3yy-XFeQdznGQHBz1gu-4K0FCouOem~kDd0Z1fRAHLkN2Mqg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="1115159"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/1115159/Pleistocene_Rhine_Thames_landscapes_geological_background_for_hominin_occupation_of_the_southern_North_Sea_region"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Pleistocene Rhine–Thames landscapes: geological background for hominin occupation of the southern North Sea region" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/12141290/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/1115159/Pleistocene_Rhine_Thames_landscapes_geological_background_for_hominin_occupation_of_the_southern_North_Sea_region">Pleistocene Rhine–Thames landscapes: geological background for hominin occupation of the southern North Sea region</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://uu.academia.edu/KimCohen">Kim M Cohen</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://deltares.academia.edu/MarcHijma">Marc Hijma</a>, and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://leidenuni.academia.edu/WilRoebroeks">Wil Roebroeks</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This paper links research questions in Quaternary geology with those in Palaeolithic archaeology....</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This paper links research questions in Quaternary geology with those in Palaeolithic archaeology. A detailed geological reconstruction of The Netherlands' south-west offshore area provides a stratigraphical context for archaeological and palaeontological finds. Progressive environmental developments have left a strong imprint on the area’s Palaeolithic record. We highlight aspects of landscape evolution and related taphonomical changes, visualized in maps for critical periods of the Pleistocene in the wider southern North Sea region. The Middle Pleistocene record is divided into two palaeogeographical stages: the pre-Anglian/Elsterian stage, during which a wide land bridge existed between England and Belgium even during marine highstands; and the Anglian/Elsterian to Saalian interglacial, with a narrower land bridge, lowered by proglacial erosion but not yet fully eroded. The Late Pleistocene landscape was very different, with the land bridge fully dissected by an axial Rhine–Thames valley, eroded deep enough to fully connect the English Channel and the North Sea during periods of highstand. This tripartite staging implies great differences in (i) possible migration routes of herds of herbivores as well as hominins preying upon them, (ii) the erosion base of axial and tributary rivers causing an increase in the availability of flint raw materials and (iii) conditions for loess accumulation in northern France and Belgium and the resulting preservation of Middle Palaeolithic sites. <br /> <br />Copyright (c) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. <br /> <br />DOI: 10.1002/jqs.1549 <br /> <br />Also: Hijma, M.P, K.M. Cohen, W. Roebroeks, W.E. Westerhoff, F.S. Busschers. 2012. Corrigendum Pleistocene Rhine–Thames landscapes: geological background for hominin occupation of the southern North Sea region. Journal of Quaternary Science, Vol 27, 336. DOI: 10.1002/jqs.2545 <br /> <br />See also the Editorial of JQS 27 (1): <a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jqs.1565/full" rel="nofollow">http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jqs.1565/full</a> <br /> <br />A one-page corrigendum appeared in JQS 27 (3). <br /><a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jqs.2545/full" rel="nofollow">http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jqs.2545/full</a> <br /> <br /> <br />The paper has appeared in JQS' new sample issue and is downloadable for non-subscribers too. FOLLOW THE LINK BELOW. The uploaded pdf on this site is only the corrigendum</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="945482fac94575e96afaf74713614ca4" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":12141290,"asset_id":1115159,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/12141290/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="1115159"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="1115159"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1115159; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1115159]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1115159]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1115159; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='1115159']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "945482fac94575e96afaf74713614ca4" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=1115159]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":1115159,"title":"Pleistocene Rhine–Thames landscapes: geological background for hominin occupation of the southern North Sea region","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"This paper links research questions in Quaternary geology with those in Palaeolithic archaeology. A detailed geological reconstruction of The Netherlands' south-west offshore area provides a stratigraphical context for archaeological and palaeontological finds. Progressive environmental developments have left a strong imprint on the area’s Palaeolithic record. We highlight aspects of landscape evolution and related taphonomical changes, visualized in maps for critical periods of the Pleistocene in the wider southern North Sea region. The Middle Pleistocene record is divided into two palaeogeographical stages: the pre-Anglian/Elsterian stage, during which a wide land bridge existed between England and Belgium even during marine highstands; and the Anglian/Elsterian to Saalian interglacial, with a narrower land bridge, lowered by proglacial erosion but not yet fully eroded. The Late Pleistocene landscape was very different, with the land bridge fully dissected by an axial Rhine–Thames valley, eroded deep enough to fully connect the English Channel and the North Sea during periods of highstand. This tripartite staging implies great differences in (i) possible migration routes of herds of herbivores as well as hominins preying upon them, (ii) the erosion base of axial and tributary rivers causing an increase in the availability of flint raw materials and (iii) conditions for loess accumulation in northern France and Belgium and the resulting preservation of Middle Palaeolithic sites.\r\n\r\nCopyright (c) 2011 John Wiley \u0026 Sons, Ltd.\r\n\r\nDOI: 10.1002/jqs.1549\r\n\r\nAlso: Hijma, M.P, K.M. Cohen, W. Roebroeks, W.E. Westerhoff, F.S. Busschers. 2012. Corrigendum Pleistocene Rhine–Thames landscapes: geological background for hominin occupation of the southern North Sea region. Journal of Quaternary Science, Vol 27, 336. DOI: 10.1002/jqs.2545\r\n\r\nSee also the Editorial of JQS 27 (1): http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jqs.1565/full\r\n\r\nA one-page corrigendum appeared in JQS 27 (3).\r\nhttp://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jqs.2545/full\r\n\r\n\r\nThe paper has appeared in JQS' new sample issue and is downloadable for non-subscribers too. FOLLOW THE LINK BELOW. The uploaded pdf on this site is only the corrigendum","more_info":"Hijma, M.P, K.M. Cohen, W. Roebroeks, W.E. Westerhoff, F.S. Busschers. 2012. Pleistocene Rhine–Thames landscapes: geological background for hominin occupation of the southern North Sea region. Journal of Quaternary Science, Vol 27, 17-32. "},"translated_abstract":"This paper links research questions in Quaternary geology with those in Palaeolithic archaeology. A detailed geological reconstruction of The Netherlands' south-west offshore area provides a stratigraphical context for archaeological and palaeontological finds. Progressive environmental developments have left a strong imprint on the area’s Palaeolithic record. We highlight aspects of landscape evolution and related taphonomical changes, visualized in maps for critical periods of the Pleistocene in the wider southern North Sea region. The Middle Pleistocene record is divided into two palaeogeographical stages: the pre-Anglian/Elsterian stage, during which a wide land bridge existed between England and Belgium even during marine highstands; and the Anglian/Elsterian to Saalian interglacial, with a narrower land bridge, lowered by proglacial erosion but not yet fully eroded. The Late Pleistocene landscape was very different, with the land bridge fully dissected by an axial Rhine–Thames valley, eroded deep enough to fully connect the English Channel and the North Sea during periods of highstand. This tripartite staging implies great differences in (i) possible migration routes of herds of herbivores as well as hominins preying upon them, (ii) the erosion base of axial and tributary rivers causing an increase in the availability of flint raw materials and (iii) conditions for loess accumulation in northern France and Belgium and the resulting preservation of Middle Palaeolithic sites.\r\n\r\nCopyright (c) 2011 John Wiley \u0026 Sons, Ltd.\r\n\r\nDOI: 10.1002/jqs.1549\r\n\r\nAlso: Hijma, M.P, K.M. Cohen, W. Roebroeks, W.E. Westerhoff, F.S. Busschers. 2012. Corrigendum Pleistocene Rhine–Thames landscapes: geological background for hominin occupation of the southern North Sea region. Journal of Quaternary Science, Vol 27, 336. 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Sier</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Interglacials have long been distinguished on basis of their marine isotopic signatures and, on l...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Interglacials have long been distinguished on basis of their marine isotopic signatures and, on land, by their terrestrial fossil assemblages. High-resolution correlation between the marine and terrestrial realms is of utmost relevance for studies of past climate changes and how those ...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="14168625"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="14168625"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 14168625; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); 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These claims are not uncontested, but most archaeologists would agree that the colonization of areas outside Africa, especially of regions such as Europe where temperatures at time dropped below freezing, was indeed tied to the use of fire. Our review of the European evidence suggests that early hominins moved into northern latitudes without the habitual use of fire. It was only much later, from ∼300,000 to 400,000 y ago onward, that fire became a significant part of the hominin technological repertoire. It is also from the second half of the Middle Pleistocene onward that we can observe spectacular cases of Neandertal pyrotechnological knowledge in the production of hafting materials. The increase in the number of sites with good evidence of fire throughout the Late Pleistocene shows that European Neandertals had fire management not unlike that documented for Upper Paleolithic groups. human evolution | Paleolithic archeology | fireplaces | hafting adhesives T he emergence of stone tool manufacture and the control of fire are undoubtedly the two most significant events in the technological evolution of early humans. Although stone tool use and manufacture were regular activities from at least 2.6 million y ago (1), the timing of the human control of fire is a controversial issue (2), with some claims for regular fire use by early hominins in Africa at ∼1.6 million y ago (3-5). Longer chronologies for the use of fire include Wrangham's recent hypothesis that fire was a central evolutionary force toward larger human brains (6-9): eating cooked foods made early hominin digestion easier, and the energy formerly spent on digestion was freed up, enabling their energy-expensive brains to grow. Using fire to prepare food made early humans move away from the former feed-as-you-go-and-eat-raw-food strategy and toward the sharing of cooked foods around fires, which became attractive locations for increased social interaction between individuals. Wrangham situates these developments around the time of the emergence of Homo erectus, approximately two million y ago. Most archeologists would agree that the colonization of areas outside of Africa, especially of regions such as Europe where temperatures at time dropped below freezing (10), was tied to the use of fire to bridge gaps in the energy budget and in resource availability during winter (11). For much later periods, a greater control and more extensive use of fire is seen by some (12, 13) as one of the behavioral innovations that emerged in Africa among modern humans, favoring their spread throughout the world and their eventual evolutionary success.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="f82334d29fbd43f45e3f843d337b7072" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":43597819,"asset_id":23099623,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/43597819/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="23099623"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="23099623"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 23099623; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=23099623]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=23099623]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 23099623; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='23099623']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "f82334d29fbd43f45e3f843d337b7072" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=23099623]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":23099623,"title":"On the earliest evidence for habitual use of fire in Europe","translated_title":"","metadata":{"ai_title_tag":"Habitual Fire Use in Early European Hominins","grobid_abstract":"The timing of the human control of fire is a hotly debated issue, with claims for regular fire use by early hominins in Africa at ∼1.6 million y ago. 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The increase in the number of sites with good evidence of fire throughout the Late Pleistocene shows that European Neandertals had fire management not unlike that documented for Upper Paleolithic groups. human evolution | Paleolithic archeology | fireplaces | hafting adhesives T he emergence of stone tool manufacture and the control of fire are undoubtedly the two most significant events in the technological evolution of early humans. Although stone tool use and manufacture were regular activities from at least 2.6 million y ago (1), the timing of the human control of fire is a controversial issue (2), with some claims for regular fire use by early hominins in Africa at ∼1.6 million y ago (3-5). 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The increase in the number of sites with good evidence of fire throughout the Late Pleistocene shows that European Neandertals had fire management not unlike that documented for Upper Paleolithic groups. human evolution | Paleolithic archeology | fireplaces | hafting adhesives T he emergence of stone tool manufacture and the control of fire are undoubtedly the two most significant events in the technological evolution of early humans. Although stone tool use and manufacture were regular activities from at least 2.6 million y ago (1), the timing of the human control of fire is a controversial issue (2), with some claims for regular fire use by early hominins in Africa at ∼1.6 million y ago (3-5). Longer chronologies for the use of fire include Wrangham's recent hypothesis that fire was a central evolutionary force toward larger human brains (6-9): eating cooked foods made early hominin digestion easier, and the energy formerly spent on digestion was freed up, enabling their energy-expensive brains to grow. Using fire to prepare food made early humans move away from the former feed-as-you-go-and-eat-raw-food strategy and toward the sharing of cooked foods around fires, which became attractive locations for increased social interaction between individuals. Wrangham situates these developments around the time of the emergence of Homo erectus, approximately two million y ago. Most archeologists would agree that the colonization of areas outside of Africa, especially of regions such as Europe where temperatures at time dropped below freezing (10), was tied to the use of fire to bridge gaps in the energy budget and in resource availability during winter (11). 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Increases in cultural complexity are claimed to result from increases in population size; decreases in cultural complexity are suggested to be due to decreases in population size; and periods of no change are attributed to low numbers or frequent extirpation. In this paper, we argue that this approach is not defensible. We show that the available empirical evidence does not support the idea that cultural complexity in hunter–gatherers is governed by population size. Instead, ethnographic and archaeological data suggest that hunter–gatherer cultural complexity is most strongly influenced by environmental factors. Because all hominins were hunter–gatherers until the Holocene, this means using population size to interpret patterns in the Palaeolithic archaeological record is problematic. In future, the population size hypothesis should be viewed as one of several competing hypotheses and its predictions formally tested alongside those of its competitors. This article is part of the themed issue 'Major transitions in human evolution'.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="3f8dbeb2d4f331c2defb607cb8427723" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":46507517,"asset_id":26182935,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46507517/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="26182935"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="26182935"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26182935; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="24170018"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/24170018/Population_size_does_not_explain_past_changes_in_cultural_complexity"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Population size does not explain past changes in cultural complexity" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/44511016/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/24170018/Population_size_does_not_explain_past_changes_in_cultural_complexity">Population size does not explain past changes in cultural complexity</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://tue.academia.edu/KristVaesen">Krist Vaesen</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://sfu.academia.edu/MarkCollard">Mark Collard</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://latrobe.academia.edu/RichardCosgrove">Richard Cosgrove</a>, and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://leidenuni.academia.edu/WilRoebroeks">Wil Roebroeks</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Demography is increasingly being invoked to account for features of the archaeological record, su...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Demography is increasingly being invoked to account for features of the archaeological record, such as the technological conservatism of the Lower and Middle Pleistocene, the Middle to Upper Paleolithic transition, and cultural loss in Holocene Tasmania. Such explanations are commonly justified in relation to population dynamic models developed by Henrich Am Antiq 69: 197-214] and Powell et al. [Powell A, et al. (2009) Science 324 : 1298-1301], which appear to demonstrate that population size is the crucial determinant of cultural complexity. Here, we show that these models fail in two important respects. First, they only support a relationship between demography and culture in implausible conditions. Second, their predictions conflict with the available archaeological and ethnographic evidence. We conclude that new theoretical and empirical research is required to identify the factors that drove the changes in cultural complexity that are documented by the archaeological record. cultural evolution | demography | Upper Paleolithic transition | Tasmania | cultural complexity</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="0b775205afd3bbdd0df61038c5afa770" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":44511016,"asset_id":24170018,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44511016/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="24170018"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="24170018"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 24170018; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=24170018]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=24170018]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 24170018; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='24170018']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "0b775205afd3bbdd0df61038c5afa770" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=24170018]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":24170018,"title":"Population size does not explain past changes in cultural complexity","translated_title":"","metadata":{"ai_title_tag":"Cultural Complexity Changes Not Explained by Population Size","grobid_abstract":"Demography is increasingly being invoked to account for features of the archaeological record, such as the technological conservatism of the Lower and Middle Pleistocene, the Middle to Upper Paleolithic transition, and cultural loss in Holocene Tasmania. Such explanations are commonly justified in relation to population dynamic models developed by Henrich Am Antiq 69: 197-214] and Powell et al. [Powell A, et al. (2009) Science 324 : 1298-1301], which appear to demonstrate that population size is the crucial determinant of cultural complexity. Here, we show that these models fail in two important respects. First, they only support a relationship between demography and culture in implausible conditions. Second, their predictions conflict with the available archaeological and ethnographic evidence. We conclude that new theoretical and empirical research is required to identify the factors that drove the changes in cultural complexity that are documented by the archaeological record. cultural evolution | demography | Upper Paleolithic transition | Tasmania | cultural complexity","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":44511016},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/24170018/Population_size_does_not_explain_past_changes_in_cultural_complexity","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2016-04-07T09:23:20.795-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":347528,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[{"id":18636275,"work_id":24170018,"tagging_user_id":347528,"tagged_user_id":48540,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"m***d@sfu.ca","affiliation":"Simon Fraser University","display_order":0,"name":"Mark Collard","title":"Population size does not explain past changes in cultural complexity"},{"id":18636276,"work_id":24170018,"tagging_user_id":347528,"tagged_user_id":1267056,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"r***e@latrobe.edu.au","affiliation":"La Trobe University","display_order":4194304,"name":"Richard Cosgrove","title":"Population size does not explain past changes in cultural complexity"},{"id":18636277,"work_id":24170018,"tagging_user_id":347528,"tagged_user_id":33153302,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"w***s@arch.leidenuniv.nl","affiliation":"Leiden University","display_order":6291456,"name":"Wil Roebroeks","title":"Population size does not explain past changes in cultural complexity"}],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":44511016,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/44511016/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"00_PNAS_online.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44511016/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Population_size_does_not_explain_past_ch.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/44511016/00_PNAS_online-libre.pdf?1460053835=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DPopulation_size_does_not_explain_past_ch.pdf\u0026Expires=1738714296\u0026Signature=QFpjDQhRo2HdBc4R9fiZCPk1w5vW6vxRVWqZ81FNX67tI6TnwwkrnFZXGFafeti4Fj8zl142cImuROtiDXaWDjXHEBKCDM-cstEcHKnC7yvLTtSd-WbTYIzMvbv1Q5enj2itpw1KWoCNEEzJw6NROHHXqBk7EFhXOlY~GuTXT0I1X9ZOYeSCptiiN~SMCOVpfD0Tr7r-f-kleBOoXQH4qpfQcZYIw3sK2kBmCg0S-W89iaB-G6SWkjvTnwrqEeq5o9O2uoxL43UotOv8W1EOqq4Zcgpxtd2t4XL02RvHOl11def8WUdfUO6qKqG1BqAT3JVdnwG2HihNJOL6E5yWXg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Population_size_does_not_explain_past_changes_in_cultural_complexity","translated_slug":"","page_count":7,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"Demography is increasingly being invoked to account for features of the archaeological record, such as the technological conservatism of the Lower and Middle Pleistocene, the Middle to Upper Paleolithic transition, and cultural loss in Holocene Tasmania. Such explanations are commonly justified in relation to population dynamic models developed by Henrich Am Antiq 69: 197-214] and Powell et al. [Powell A, et al. (2009) Science 324 : 1298-1301], which appear to demonstrate that population size is the crucial determinant of cultural complexity. Here, we show that these models fail in two important respects. First, they only support a relationship between demography and culture in implausible conditions. Second, their predictions conflict with the available archaeological and ethnographic evidence. We conclude that new theoretical and empirical research is required to identify the factors that drove the changes in cultural complexity that are documented by the archaeological record. cultural evolution | demography | Upper Paleolithic transition | Tasmania | cultural complexity","owner":{"id":347528,"first_name":"Krist","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Vaesen","page_name":"KristVaesen","domain_name":"tue","created_at":"2011-03-01T21:36:11.814-08:00","display_name":"Krist Vaesen","url":"https://tue.academia.edu/KristVaesen"},"attachments":[{"id":44511016,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/44511016/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"00_PNAS_online.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44511016/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Population_size_does_not_explain_past_ch.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/44511016/00_PNAS_online-libre.pdf?1460053835=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DPopulation_size_does_not_explain_past_ch.pdf\u0026Expires=1738714296\u0026Signature=QFpjDQhRo2HdBc4R9fiZCPk1w5vW6vxRVWqZ81FNX67tI6TnwwkrnFZXGFafeti4Fj8zl142cImuROtiDXaWDjXHEBKCDM-cstEcHKnC7yvLTtSd-WbTYIzMvbv1Q5enj2itpw1KWoCNEEzJw6NROHHXqBk7EFhXOlY~GuTXT0I1X9ZOYeSCptiiN~SMCOVpfD0Tr7r-f-kleBOoXQH4qpfQcZYIw3sK2kBmCg0S-W89iaB-G6SWkjvTnwrqEeq5o9O2uoxL43UotOv8W1EOqq4Zcgpxtd2t4XL02RvHOl11def8WUdfUO6qKqG1BqAT3JVdnwG2HihNJOL6E5yWXg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="13657888"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/13657888/Homo_erectus_at_Trinil_on_Java_used_shells_for_tool_production_and_engraving"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Homo erectus at Trinil on Java used shells for tool production and engraving" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/13657888/Homo_erectus_at_Trinil_on_Java_used_shells_for_tool_production_and_engraving">Homo erectus at Trinil on Java used shells for tool production and engraving</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://vu-nl.academia.edu/JohnReijmer">John Reijmer</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://leidenuni.academia.edu/WilRoebroeks">Wil Roebroeks</a>, and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://cultureelerfgoed.academia.edu/BertilvanOs">Bertil van Os</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Nature</span><span>, 2014</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The manufacture of geometric engravings is generally interpreted as indicative of modern cognitio...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The manufacture of geometric engravings is generally interpreted as indicative of modern cognition and behaviour. Key questions in the debate on the origin of such behaviour are whether this innovation is restricted to Homo sapiens, and whether it has a uniquely African origin. Here we report on a fossil freshwater shell assemblage from the Hauptknochenschicht (&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;main bone layer&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;) of Trinil (Java, Indonesia), the type locality of Homo erectus discovered by Eugène Dubois in 1891 (refs 2 and 3). In the Dubois collection (in the Naturalis museum, Leiden, The Netherlands) we found evidence for freshwater shellfish consumption by hominins, one unambiguous shell tool, and a shell with a geometric engraving. We dated sediment contained in the shells with (40)Ar/(39)Ar and luminescence dating methods, obtaining a maximum age of 0.54 ± 0.10 million years and a minimum age of 0.43 ± 0.05 million years. This implies that the Trinil Hauptknochenschicht is younger than previously estimated. Together, our data indicate that the engraving was made by Homo erectus, and that it is considerably older than the oldest geometric engravings described so far. Although it is at present not possible to assess the function or meaning of the engraved shell, this discovery suggests that engraving abstract patterns was in the realm of Asian Homo erectus cognition and neuromotor control.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="13657888"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="13657888"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13657888; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); 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from the North</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://leidenuni.academia.edu/WilRoebroeks">Wil Roebroeks</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://leidenuniv.academia.edu/MatthijsvanKolfschoten">Matthijs van Kolfschoten</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">RESUMEN En la interpretación del registro arqueológico europeo con ..cronología corta" los primer...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">RESUMEN En la interpretación del registro arqueológico europeo con ..cronología corta" los primeros vestigios inambiguos de presencia humana datan de hace sólo 500.000 -600.000 años. Desde el desarrollo de este escenario, que se basó en una reevaluación detallada de la evidencia industrial y cronológica, han ocurrido hallazgos en zonas del sur de Europa quc parccen más anriguos dc 500.000 -(r0().(x)0 años. AquírJiscutimos Ia cuestión dc si eslos nucvos hallazgos, y cspccialnrenle los nuevos datos para la sccuencia de Atapuerca TD. falsifican la cronología corta para zonas mcridionales de Europa. concluírnos quc se ncccsitan nuevas dataciones para tal filsificación.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="86a10a8a4932e9732216e5c672784cb7" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":43043674,"asset_id":22421027,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/43043674/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="22421027"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="22421027"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 22421027; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="17802587"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/17802587/Archaeology_Life_on_the_Costa_del_Cromer"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Archaeology: Life on the Costa del Cromer" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/39719011/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/17802587/Archaeology_Life_on_the_Costa_del_Cromer">Archaeology: Life on the Costa del Cromer</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Nature</span><span>, 2005</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Flint fragments from eastern England constitute the earliest known evidence of human occupation o...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Flint fragments from eastern England constitute the earliest known evidence of human occupation of Britain. The climate was balmy, and the environment was home to a wide range of animals and plants.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="07859a227edf9a00f2d1de6a2c7f281d" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":39719011,"asset_id":17802587,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/39719011/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="17802587"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="17802587"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 17802587; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="17802586"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/17802586/The_human_colonisation_of_Europe_where_are_we"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The human colonisation of Europe: where are we?" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/39719009/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/17802586/The_human_colonisation_of_Europe_where_are_we">The human colonisation of Europe: where are we?</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Quaternary Science</span><span>, 2006</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This paper focuses on the earlier parts of the human colonisation of Europe and its wider setting...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This paper focuses on the earlier parts of the human colonisation of Europe and its wider setting and addresses the two basic tasks of archaeologists working in this field: (1) to identify the spatio-temporal patterns of human presence and absence, i.e. getting the pattern 'right '; (2) to explain these patterns. Archaeologists have invested mostly in the first task, while the second one takes us to the field of biogeography. Study of biogeographical limits of hominins necessitates integration of many aspects of a species, e.g. diet, life history and social organisation, and the way environmental factors shape these. Palaeoanthropologists need to combine these with establishing data on the chronology of hominin presence, on palaeoenvironment and climatic oscillations, on emergence and disappearance of land bridges, and so on. They further have to acknowledge the fact that only very small parts of the former ranges of the species have been sampled 'adequately'. The paper explores some of the key issues at stake in dealing with the human colonisation of Europe. y 5th John Wiley Lecture, January 5th 2005, QRA Discussion Meeting, British Museum, London (UK) 1 I refer to Homo erectus sensu stricto (s.s.) to denote the east Asian specimens only, and to Homo erectus sensu lato (s.l.) when including the east African specimens that are classified by some as Homo ergaster (cf. Dennell and Roebroeks, 2005).</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="68f545b984fb413fa7c2584fcce675db" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":39719009,"asset_id":17802586,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/39719009/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="17802586"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="17802586"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 17802586; 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dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "68f545b984fb413fa7c2584fcce675db" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=17802586]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":17802586,"title":"The human colonisation of Europe: where are we?","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/17802586/The_human_colonisation_of_Europe_where_are_we","owner_id":33153302,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":33153302,"first_name":"Wil","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Roebroeks","page_name":"WilRoebroeks","domain_name":"leidenuni","created_at":"2015-07-18T00:42:04.779-07:00","display_name":"Wil Roebroeks","url":"https://leidenuni.academia.edu/WilRoebroeks"},"attachments":[{"id":39719009,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/39719009/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"jqs.1044.pdf20151105-4796-cxugki","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/39719009/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"The_human_colonisation_of_Europe_where_a.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/39719009/jqs.1044-libre.pdf20151105-4796-cxugki?1446740058=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DThe_human_colonisation_of_Europe_where_a.pdf\u0026Expires=1740162613\u0026Signature=PhEhTCdRNLE0~AZR3cB1RlvR1sNynw2G5ZOJQh4moxtGfB8kzFCF0WOjHH1jHhgVUFbtoMaWp~1LHUOWYVHtk9PEPl-vRQYnsP~77XJtBskZApOvfVDLdJvnW5Qlb2mtxIJcfmeQNnjfRmBPoX9cP1hcy3-8XVfMi3XujW8MLMgv-ONoQIho8121Ea5lqCW0wscfmqRiS44RPO0esA3cdOQ~o41zH-hCyTTmVrUYe2Sm2kYv6vZZWIwwX2yhGzAWo3xz8CbUJdgkM2f4E~9XSkDMTgItJxoY6XFeP9xb1FOWSu3Ds-ed-wSCkYS7M6LSJWteL-XaIuOwsVgHxcGeOA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="17802585"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/17802585/Time_for_the_Middle_to_Upper_Paleolithic_transition_in_Europe"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Time for the Middle to Upper Paleolithic transition in Europe" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/42228269/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/17802585/Time_for_the_Middle_to_Upper_Paleolithic_transition_in_Europe">Time for the Middle to Upper Paleolithic transition in Europe</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Human Evolution</span><span>, 2008</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The Middle to Upper Paleolithic transition is a key period of change in the prehistory of the Old...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The Middle to Upper Paleolithic transition is a key period of change in the prehistory of the Old World and one of the most studied issues in paleoanthropology, as the nature of the transition(s) is still, after at least a century of archaeological research, largely unknown. Many of the issues at stake in the transition relate to the problem of building a reliable chronology for this period, which is at the limits of the radiocarbon method. The papers in this volume show that much progress has been made in our chronological knowledge of significant aspects of the transition, such as the age of the most recent Neandertal fossils and the earliest modern human remains in Europe, and the inferred overlap between the Châtelperronian and the Aurignacian. At the same time, the volume also shows where the chronological database for the period 40 to 30 ka 14C BP is flawed and that significant contextual and methodological problems have been underestimated in a number of studies of the biological and cultural changes during this crucial period. Chronology is employed by paleoanthropologists to relate the record of the Middle to Upper Paleolithic transition to major biological and cultural developments. This paper takes a broader paleoanthropological perspective and attempts to evaluate and, to some degree, synthesize the main results of these proceedings, while also presenting a brief discussion of the Middle and Upper Paleolithic archaeological and fossil records, and possible explanations for the differences between the two, focusing on the role of differences in the ecology of Neandertals and early European modern humans.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="d61a621b6108a5967ce2745b6858fd8d" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":42228269,"asset_id":17802585,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42228269/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="17802585"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="17802585"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 17802585; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=17802585]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=17802585]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 17802585; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='17802585']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "d61a621b6108a5967ce2745b6858fd8d" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=17802585]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":17802585,"title":"Time for the Middle to Upper Paleolithic transition in Europe","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/17802585/Time_for_the_Middle_to_Upper_Paleolithic_transition_in_Europe","owner_id":33153302,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":33153302,"first_name":"Wil","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Roebroeks","page_name":"WilRoebroeks","domain_name":"leidenuni","created_at":"2015-07-18T00:42:04.779-07:00","display_name":"Wil Roebroeks","url":"https://leidenuni.academia.edu/WilRoebroeks"},"attachments":[{"id":42228269,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/42228269/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"13._20Roebroeks_202008_20JHE.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42228269/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Time_for_the_Middle_to_Upper_Paleolithic.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/42228269/13._20Roebroeks_202008_20JHE-libre.pdf?1454789519=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DTime_for_the_Middle_to_Upper_Paleolithic.pdf\u0026Expires=1740162613\u0026Signature=bY6Y71zAKBvbk32rbrtLxFa28ymTej9ZeFIj47tLT0ONuErjcx8pyX4mLrvV4HK4sVBpYQfnbJ7QqVBatXrvlY31ePgcRdEct~Ewks0j90n7Y-gXnk6bDkTvJSB~mBWs8Ul4bGCXGN9Ivv1HfMpk9Wq3tYt6MZuCXaRyoo7-ErLGFmC7q3auap8maljEy-7VZf9co2B5~kvpfU4FRkKAUYfhjrCXkwTimvqFFkc9VknPl21qbhUyw8adVFvmmRIbG1sKGUf4hbY~L431izCAGSNZ456~4~RDhycL58BZivxPtyoYvM5Y2qjD~okTg93inen6TNXx3pzEW9daOK-48g__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="17802583"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/17802583/The_Pleistocene_colonization_of_northeastern_Europe_a_report_on_recent_research"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The Pleistocene colonization of northeastern Europe: a report on recent research" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/41925855/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/17802583/The_Pleistocene_colonization_of_northeastern_Europe_a_report_on_recent_research">The Pleistocene colonization of northeastern Europe: a report on recent research</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Human Evolution</span><span>, 2004</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Recent studies have shown that northeastern Europe was occupied by humans significantly earlier t...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Recent studies have shown that northeastern Europe was occupied by humans significantly earlier than previously thought. Some traces of human presence in the European Arctic even date back to about 35e40 ka. This paper discusses the Middle and early Upper Palaeolithic (EUP) assemblages from this area within the local context of their environmental characteristics, as well as their implications for our views on the occupational history of northern environments.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="1e33f5b5c7849ed8ff3e22094c6a84d8" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":41925855,"asset_id":17802583,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41925855/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="17802583"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="17802583"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 17802583; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=17802583]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=17802583]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 17802583; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='17802583']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "1e33f5b5c7849ed8ff3e22094c6a84d8" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=17802583]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":17802583,"title":"The Pleistocene colonization of northeastern Europe: a report on recent research","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/17802583/The_Pleistocene_colonization_of_northeastern_Europe_a_report_on_recent_research","owner_id":33153302,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":33153302,"first_name":"Wil","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Roebroeks","page_name":"WilRoebroeks","domain_name":"leidenuni","created_at":"2015-07-18T00:42:04.779-07:00","display_name":"Wil Roebroeks","url":"https://leidenuni.academia.edu/WilRoebroeks"},"attachments":[{"id":41925855,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/41925855/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"The_Pleistocene_colonization_of_northeas20160202-30232-fefl2y.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41925855/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"The_Pleistocene_colonization_of_northeas.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/41925855/The_Pleistocene_colonization_of_northeas20160202-30232-fefl2y-libre.pdf?1454486028=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DThe_Pleistocene_colonization_of_northeas.pdf\u0026Expires=1740162613\u0026Signature=gUrKKdE6I5l~pmR-BVlJVSWJPqCRKYGtf16~HDXNTcObVxFhBpRTgsbVsCKBeVrK0lmuWdbCBOpvDo0KvoyY5-Wpczo6JSQ7SfpFZWNL4nXpcUyNfxX-8OmOQCzcn9IjcNjn9G3g2hiDysKEtihVlrK9RW52G~UmIN3L9QN-A7tF~PHm0SnvSnRqsfOVrmwBbDVeMEdOH7tK8CCzX6wgJUow~vb7OVf4UTX9XWvVgqueA7XOPAbpxHtZW-yBtG6AmI3p00Bc2tCLq~GX7KN9RwOaXdaSoxkb64g0Oo-HI~~L9z2R20OICUcTRKZGSebw8z4kHi7xpx8csySumdZSoQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="17802582"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/17802582/Hominid_behaviour_and_the_earliest_occupation_of_Europe_an_exploration"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Hominid behaviour and the earliest occupation of Europe: an exploration" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/42228277/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/17802582/Hominid_behaviour_and_the_earliest_occupation_of_Europe_an_exploration">Hominid behaviour and the earliest occupation of Europe: an exploration</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Human Evolution</span><span>, 2001</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The last decade has witnessed a heated debate over the age and the character of the earliest occu...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The last decade has witnessed a heated debate over the age and the character of the earliest occupation of Europe. This paper addresses two aspects of the debate, one dealing with the chronology of occupation, which is put to use in the second issue, an exploration of the behaviour of the earliest occupants of Europe. The review of the debate on chronology concludes that a short chronology applies to Europe north of the large mountain chains of the Alps and the Pyrenees, where the earliest traces of a human presence date back to about half a million years ago. In this phased-colonisation model, the Mediterranean, and especially Spain, saw an earlier occupation, starting around the end of the Lower Pleistocene. The archaeological record of these first Europeans suggests that from the first presence in northern Europe onwards, regular hunting of large game was common practice among Middle Pleistocene hominids. By situating this archaeological evidence in the context of findings from a range of other disciplines I develop a behavioural scenario which suggests that, at its latest by the Middle Pleistocene, increased forms of social cooperation, exchange of information within larger groups and in general forms of behaviour based on a &amp;quot;release from proximity&amp;quot; had become a standard ingredient of the hominid behavioural repertoire.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="b79a2b8f4e269c460490e6a0f7fc67e0" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":42228277,"asset_id":17802582,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42228277/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="17802582"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="17802582"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 17802582; 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La grotte de la Belle Roche a Sprimont: Un gisement a galets amenages due Pleistocene m...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">... 1981. La grotte de la Belle Roche a Sprimont: Un gisement a galets amenages due Pleistocene moyen ancien. ... Around 30,000 years ago, in the Aurigna-cian, at the beginning of the Upper Palaeolithic, someone or some group in the Eyzies region invented drawing, the repre ...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="17802581"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="17802581"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 17802581; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); 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The oldest traces of human activities, dated to around 36e35 14 C ka BP (43e40 cal ka), were found in alluvial strata at Mamontovaya Kurya at the Polar Circle -their connection to cultures further south remains uncertain. Slightly younger artefacts were found at the site Zaozer'e, nearly a thousand km further to the south, where a rich archaeological assemblage, dated to 34e33 14 C ka BP (39e37 cal ka), was uncovered from underneath several meters of loess. The assemblage contains some small "Middle Palaeolithic like" bifaces alongside distinct Upper Palaeolithic traits, such as well-defined blades. This site also contains some perforated "pendants" made of freshwater molluscs. At the Byzovaya site, located at 65 N and radiocarbon dated to about 30e29 14 C ka BP (34e32 cal ka), more than 300 artefacts and several thousand animal remains, mostly of mammoth, were incorporated in coarsegrained debris-flow deposits, sealed by aeolian sand. Pending the results from a new technological analysis of the whole artefact assemblage we can yet not decide whether Byzovaya should be categorized as a Middle-or Upper Palaeolithic site. The finds from Garchi, located in a loess sequence near Zaozer'e, have a similar or slightly younger age than the material from Byzovaya. Also at this site bifacial tools are present; alongside some characteristic triangle projectile points as well as some other elements which have nearly identical counterparts in the Upper Palaeolithic Kostenki/Streletskaya and Sungirian complexes, unambiguously associated with Modern humans. We conclude that the initial human colonisations along the Ural Mountains took place during a relatively favourable period of Marine Isotope Stage 3, when only small mountain glaciers existed in this region. The finds from the Medvezhia Peshera rock shelter have a completely different age (19e16 14 C ka BP, 23e19 cal ka) and character, indicating that humans also were present along the Urals close to the Last Glacial Maximum (26e19 ka BP), the coldest and driest period of the last ice age. The few artefacts that were uncovered at Pymva Shor, the northernmost site investigated by us, are probably a little younger than those at Medveshia Peshera, but the timing of human presence is not precisely constrained at this site. In view of the obtained results it appears that humans were at least temporarily present in these northern landscapes from more than 40,000 years ago and onwards.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="3010d7642ba53e51a167516946eeb7a7" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":45102503,"asset_id":13653667,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45102503/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="13653667"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="13653667"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13653667; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=13653667]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=13653667]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13653667; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='13653667']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "3010d7642ba53e51a167516946eeb7a7" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=13653667]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":13653667,"title":"Geo-archaeological investigations of Palaeolithic sites along the Ural Mountains - On the northern presence of humans during the last Ice Age","translated_title":"","metadata":{"grobid_abstract":"We review geo-archaeological results from six Palaeolithic sites along the western flank of the northern Ural Mountains. The oldest traces of human activities, dated to around 36e35 14 C ka BP (43e40 cal ka), were found in alluvial strata at Mamontovaya Kurya at the Polar Circle -their connection to cultures further south remains uncertain. Slightly younger artefacts were found at the site Zaozer'e, nearly a thousand km further to the south, where a rich archaeological assemblage, dated to 34e33 14 C ka BP (39e37 cal ka), was uncovered from underneath several meters of loess. The assemblage contains some small \"Middle Palaeolithic like\" bifaces alongside distinct Upper Palaeolithic traits, such as well-defined blades. This site also contains some perforated \"pendants\" made of freshwater molluscs. At the Byzovaya site, located at 65 N and radiocarbon dated to about 30e29 14 C ka BP (34e32 cal ka), more than 300 artefacts and several thousand animal remains, mostly of mammoth, were incorporated in coarsegrained debris-flow deposits, sealed by aeolian sand. Pending the results from a new technological analysis of the whole artefact assemblage we can yet not decide whether Byzovaya should be categorized as a Middle-or Upper Palaeolithic site. The finds from Garchi, located in a loess sequence near Zaozer'e, have a similar or slightly younger age than the material from Byzovaya. Also at this site bifacial tools are present; alongside some characteristic triangle projectile points as well as some other elements which have nearly identical counterparts in the Upper Palaeolithic Kostenki/Streletskaya and Sungirian complexes, unambiguously associated with Modern humans. We conclude that the initial human colonisations along the Ural Mountains took place during a relatively favourable period of Marine Isotope Stage 3, when only small mountain glaciers existed in this region. The finds from the Medvezhia Peshera rock shelter have a completely different age (19e16 14 C ka BP, 23e19 cal ka) and character, indicating that humans also were present along the Urals close to the Last Glacial Maximum (26e19 ka BP), the coldest and driest period of the last ice age. The few artefacts that were uncovered at Pymva Shor, the northernmost site investigated by us, are probably a little younger than those at Medveshia Peshera, but the timing of human presence is not precisely constrained at this site. In view of the obtained results it appears that humans were at least temporarily present in these northern landscapes from more than 40,000 years ago and onwards.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2010,"errors":{}},"grobid_abstract_attachment_id":45102503},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/13653667/Geo_archaeological_investigations_of_Palaeolithic_sites_along_the_Ural_Mountains_On_the_northern_presence_of_humans_during_the_last_Ice_Age","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2015-07-05T07:48:16.802-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":32808371,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[{"id":2311129,"work_id":13653667,"tagging_user_id":32808371,"tagged_user_id":24138207,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"a***r@gmail.com","affiliation":"University of Bergen","display_order":0,"name":"Anne Karin Hufthammer","title":"Geo-archaeological investigations of Palaeolithic sites along the Ural Mountains - On the northern presence of humans during the last Ice Age"},{"id":2311179,"work_id":13653667,"tagging_user_id":32808371,"tagged_user_id":null,"co_author_invite_id":274248,"email":"j***n@geol.uib.no","display_order":4194304,"name":"John Svendsen","title":"Geo-archaeological investigations of Palaeolithic sites along the Ural Mountains - On the northern presence of humans during the last Ice Age"},{"id":8652683,"work_id":13653667,"tagging_user_id":32808371,"tagged_user_id":null,"co_author_invite_id":1949283,"email":"w***s@rulpre.leidenuniv.nl","display_order":6291456,"name":"Wil Roebroeks","title":"Geo-archaeological investigations of Palaeolithic sites along the Ural Mountains - On the northern presence of humans during the last Ice Age"},{"id":8652684,"work_id":13653667,"tagging_user_id":32808371,"tagged_user_id":33153302,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"w***s@arch.leidenuniv.nl","affiliation":"Leiden University","display_order":7340032,"name":"Wil Roebroeks","title":"Geo-archaeological investigations of Palaeolithic sites along the Ural Mountains - On the northern presence of humans during the last Ice Age"},{"id":8652685,"work_id":13653667,"tagging_user_id":32808371,"tagged_user_id":52616750,"co_author_invite_id":1949284,"email":"h***n@gmail.com","display_order":7864320,"name":"H. Heggen","title":"Geo-archaeological investigations of Palaeolithic sites along the Ural Mountains - On the northern presence of humans during the last Ice Age"},{"id":8652686,"work_id":13653667,"tagging_user_id":32808371,"tagged_user_id":null,"co_author_invite_id":1949285,"email":"p***v@mail.bg","display_order":8126464,"name":"Pavel Pavlov","title":"Geo-archaeological investigations of Palaeolithic sites along the Ural Mountains - On the northern presence of humans during the last Ice Age"}],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45102503,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/45102503/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Geo-archaeological_investigations_of_Pal20160426-10895-dl9qke.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45102503/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Geo_archaeological_investigations_of_Pal.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/45102503/Geo-archaeological_investigations_of_Pal20160426-10895-dl9qke-libre.pdf?1461682394=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DGeo_archaeological_investigations_of_Pal.pdf\u0026Expires=1738784706\u0026Signature=HuAmXoZRATMknEYKtQfM5iFo1W5-iXVrXTwwzPWhzuS-8P-B11bv5AV4OskabHxUv9Colu~UQ5hE-JmUJ26QXAhZZVnQN8d1InEPinFSaFlXFmtJJP2DKOKwCIVBIP6BfqdPufTMVVPfQsIL0AhCrptGwdIWbbfD2MORMKYXDRKYVqgl1nypeONDYEP8Je0CGjX06KXRdIPxrGwI0yjyLDrhlR11yoD-eiO2fSVfgpfC6FDVb5wIeeJZr08r3xe4uFFKt3RwOqGrO0PZWL1gaBU6j44cXOE67l4zdS7u3FOr65J65VnkfRpgeoP8zgpaP8YGWoT4xJ96qiL~cgeyRw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Geo_archaeological_investigations_of_Palaeolithic_sites_along_the_Ural_Mountains_On_the_northern_presence_of_humans_during_the_last_Ice_Age","translated_slug":"","page_count":19,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"We review geo-archaeological results from six Palaeolithic sites along the western flank of the northern Ural Mountains. The oldest traces of human activities, dated to around 36e35 14 C ka BP (43e40 cal ka), were found in alluvial strata at Mamontovaya Kurya at the Polar Circle -their connection to cultures further south remains uncertain. Slightly younger artefacts were found at the site Zaozer'e, nearly a thousand km further to the south, where a rich archaeological assemblage, dated to 34e33 14 C ka BP (39e37 cal ka), was uncovered from underneath several meters of loess. The assemblage contains some small \"Middle Palaeolithic like\" bifaces alongside distinct Upper Palaeolithic traits, such as well-defined blades. This site also contains some perforated \"pendants\" made of freshwater molluscs. At the Byzovaya site, located at 65 N and radiocarbon dated to about 30e29 14 C ka BP (34e32 cal ka), more than 300 artefacts and several thousand animal remains, mostly of mammoth, were incorporated in coarsegrained debris-flow deposits, sealed by aeolian sand. Pending the results from a new technological analysis of the whole artefact assemblage we can yet not decide whether Byzovaya should be categorized as a Middle-or Upper Palaeolithic site. The finds from Garchi, located in a loess sequence near Zaozer'e, have a similar or slightly younger age than the material from Byzovaya. Also at this site bifacial tools are present; alongside some characteristic triangle projectile points as well as some other elements which have nearly identical counterparts in the Upper Palaeolithic Kostenki/Streletskaya and Sungirian complexes, unambiguously associated with Modern humans. We conclude that the initial human colonisations along the Ural Mountains took place during a relatively favourable period of Marine Isotope Stage 3, when only small mountain glaciers existed in this region. The finds from the Medvezhia Peshera rock shelter have a completely different age (19e16 14 C ka BP, 23e19 cal ka) and character, indicating that humans also were present along the Urals close to the Last Glacial Maximum (26e19 ka BP), the coldest and driest period of the last ice age. The few artefacts that were uncovered at Pymva Shor, the northernmost site investigated by us, are probably a little younger than those at Medveshia Peshera, but the timing of human presence is not precisely constrained at this site. In view of the obtained results it appears that humans were at least temporarily present in these northern landscapes from more than 40,000 years ago and onwards.","owner":{"id":32808371,"first_name":"Jan","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Mangerud","page_name":"JanMangerud","domain_name":"uib","created_at":"2015-07-05T07:45:27.782-07:00","display_name":"Jan Mangerud","url":"https://uib.academia.edu/JanMangerud","email":"NzlGSE9BcE4xZkxtcmIyWWQyNUowL2p3YTE3REdJZURXd2Q4RitJN1J2WT0tLVRteUMwNVQ1T0FVWW1LUk9COGtyOGc9PQ==--a1210eb1caf4878e504cc7d40ea0713c4376c208"},"attachments":[{"id":45102503,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/45102503/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Geo-archaeological_investigations_of_Pal20160426-10895-dl9qke.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45102503/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Geo_archaeological_investigations_of_Pal.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/45102503/Geo-archaeological_investigations_of_Pal20160426-10895-dl9qke-libre.pdf?1461682394=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DGeo_archaeological_investigations_of_Pal.pdf\u0026Expires=1738784706\u0026Signature=HuAmXoZRATMknEYKtQfM5iFo1W5-iXVrXTwwzPWhzuS-8P-B11bv5AV4OskabHxUv9Colu~UQ5hE-JmUJ26QXAhZZVnQN8d1InEPinFSaFlXFmtJJP2DKOKwCIVBIP6BfqdPufTMVVPfQsIL0AhCrptGwdIWbbfD2MORMKYXDRKYVqgl1nypeONDYEP8Je0CGjX06KXRdIPxrGwI0yjyLDrhlR11yoD-eiO2fSVfgpfC6FDVb5wIeeJZr08r3xe4uFFKt3RwOqGrO0PZWL1gaBU6j44cXOE67l4zdS7u3FOr65J65VnkfRpgeoP8zgpaP8YGWoT4xJ96qiL~cgeyRw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":400,"name":"Earth Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earth_Sciences"},{"id":74630,"name":"Site Investigation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Site_Investigation"},{"id":79294,"name":"Quaternary Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quaternary_Science"},{"id":93755,"name":"History and archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_and_archaeology"},{"id":93937,"name":"Radiocarbon Dating","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiocarbon_Dating"},{"id":112709,"name":"Debris Flow","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Debris_Flow"},{"id":185526,"name":"Last Glacial Maximum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Last_Glacial_Maximum"},{"id":244291,"name":"Marine Isotope Stage","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Isotope_Stage"},{"id":373417,"name":"Quaternary Science Reviews","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quaternary_Science_Reviews"},{"id":413301,"name":"Perforation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Perforation"},{"id":509556,"name":"Human Activity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Activity"},{"id":1128081,"name":"Coarse Grained Soil","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coarse_Grained_Soil"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="9093393"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/9093393/Evidence_for_the_Blake_Event_recorded_at_the_Eemian_archaeological_site_of_Caours_France"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Evidence for the Blake Event recorded at the Eemian archaeological site of Caours, France" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/35389137/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/9093393/Evidence_for_the_Blake_Event_recorded_at_the_Eemian_archaeological_site_of_Caours_France">Evidence for the Blake Event recorded at the Eemian archaeological site of Caours, France</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://inrap.academia.edu/JeanLucLocht">Jean-Luc Locht</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://leidenuni.academia.edu/WilRoebroeks">Wil Roebroeks</a>, and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://universiteitutrecht.academia.edu/MarkJSier">Mark J. Sier</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">A palaeomagnetic study of the Last Interglacial calcareous tufa sequence at the archaeological si...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">A palaeomagnetic study of the Last Interglacial calcareous tufa sequence at the archaeological site of<br />Caours (northern France) identified a geomagnetic excursion that we interpret as the Blake Event. Earlier<br />palaeontological (molluscs, mammals) and geochemical proxy studies at this site allowed recognition of<br />full interglacial conditions prevailing during the deposition of the tufa sequence. The tufa sequence and<br />associated Palaeolithic levels have been dated to the Eemian interglacial by a set of TIMS U/Th measurements<br />on calcitic concretions (average : 123 ± 3 ka). By previous correlations of the Blake Event with<br />the Eemian sensu stricto (as defined in the Netherlands) pollenzones at Neumark Nord 2 (Germany) and<br />Rutten (The Netherlands) it has been shown that the continental Eemian starts after the peak of Marine<br />Isotope Stage (MIS) 5e. The identification of the Blake Event at Caours implies a post MIS 5e peak age for<br />all four levels of the Palaeolithic occupation. In perspective of the time lag between the MIS 5e peak and<br />the beginning of the Eemian identified in other studies, it is very likely that during the main occupation<br />of Caours a significant barrier was in place between north western France and Great Britain, in the form<br />of the English Channel. It is possible that the chronological position of the Last Interglacial environments<br />in northwestern Europe in relation to sea-level change</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="d438a19be3def8dc1b50a5604055ecdc" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":35389137,"asset_id":9093393,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/35389137/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="9093393"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="9093393"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 9093393; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=9093393]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=9093393]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 9093393; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='9093393']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "d438a19be3def8dc1b50a5604055ecdc" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=9093393]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":9093393,"title":"Evidence for the Blake Event recorded at the Eemian archaeological site of Caours, France","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/9093393/Evidence_for_the_Blake_Event_recorded_at_the_Eemian_archaeological_site_of_Caours_France","owner_id":456096,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":456096,"first_name":"Mark J.","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Sier","page_name":"MarkJSier","domain_name":"universiteitutrecht","created_at":"2011-05-26T17:08:26.746-07:00","display_name":"Mark J. Sier","url":"https://universiteitutrecht.academia.edu/MarkJSier"},"attachments":[{"id":35389137,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/35389137/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Sier_etal_Caours_2014.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/35389137/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Evidence_for_the_Blake_Event_recorded_at.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/35389137/Sier_etal_Caours_2014-libre.pdf?1415004007=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DEvidence_for_the_Blake_Event_recorded_at.pdf\u0026Expires=1740162613\u0026Signature=R7FGFJurJ7ZzgaTTe14EeYW17XC5aAxDhy-36p4N0p6n7ookxKdGYFvE94SOS2AAsdZbAOiaY~Qc6NPz7wK2T9yYuFe1k0ip4LyoaBemR3ygb7fN2pPFvDlpoPBoQMvUodsD9A8XPPy9taUx~aKXDxUMptWMt8OhnDbxAWO-gHHgI2CHqD4uuSBGPi3Tbgkr7GlnleYQUo~J97ARHowhhgFJo1NfdMOkzT8ogwyuO5q7ooNQOjGqF6UNHPeuA7ew37dwIHcD7UDOpWTKFbSuKF7Le455Py5PrG~zUvLfWkTaJO9w8vCqszI7VEP~FD5qfNRVMI99zm0xr1EatvG5JA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="1278847"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/1278847/Use_of_red_ochre_by_early_Neandertals_Proceedings_of_the_National_Academy_of_Sciences"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Use of red ochre by early Neandertals. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences." class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/31110364/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/1278847/Use_of_red_ochre_by_early_Neandertals_Proceedings_of_the_National_Academy_of_Sciences">Use of red ochre by early Neandertals. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://universiteitutrecht.academia.edu/MarkJSier">Mark J. Sier</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://leidenuni.academia.edu/WilRoebroeks">Wil Roebroeks</a>, and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DimitriDeLoecker">Dimitri De Loecker</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The use of manganese and iron oxides by late Neandertals is well documented in Europe, especially...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The use of manganese and iron oxides by late Neandertals is well documented in Europe, especially for the period 60–40 kya. Such finds often have been interpreted as pigments even though their exact function is largely unknown. Here we report significantly older iron oxide finds that constitute the earliest documented use of red ochre by Neandertals. These finds were small concentrates of red material retrieved during excavations at Maastricht-Belvédère, The Netherlands. The excavations exposed a series of well-preserved flint artifact (and occasionally bone) scatters, formed in a river valley setting during a late Middle Pleistocene full interglacial period. Samples of the reddish material were submitted to various forms of analyses to study their physical properties. All analyses identified the red material as hematite. This is a nonlocal material that was imported to the site, possibly over dozens of kilometers. Identification of the Maastricht-Belvédère finds as hematite pushes the use of red ochre by (early) Neandertals back in time significantly, to minimally 200–250 kya (i.e., to the same time range as the early ochre use in the African record).</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="82af3dfd6cd1af18029590c791898b2d" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":31110364,"asset_id":1278847,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/31110364/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="1278847"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="1278847"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1278847; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1278847]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1278847]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1278847; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='1278847']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "82af3dfd6cd1af18029590c791898b2d" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=1278847]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":1278847,"title":"Use of red ochre by early Neandertals. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/1278847/Use_of_red_ochre_by_early_Neandertals_Proceedings_of_the_National_Academy_of_Sciences","owner_id":456096,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":456096,"first_name":"Mark J.","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Sier","page_name":"MarkJSier","domain_name":"universiteitutrecht","created_at":"2011-05-26T17:08:26.746-07:00","display_name":"Mark J. 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A detailed geological reconstruction of The Netherlands' south-west offshore area provides a stratigraphical context for archaeological and palaeontological finds. Progressive environmental developments have left a strong imprint on the area’s Palaeolithic record. We highlight aspects of landscape evolution and related taphonomical changes, visualized in maps for critical periods of the Pleistocene in the wider southern North Sea region. The Middle Pleistocene record is divided into two palaeogeographical stages: the pre-Anglian/Elsterian stage, during which a wide land bridge existed between England and Belgium even during marine highstands; and the Anglian/Elsterian to Saalian interglacial, with a narrower land bridge, lowered by proglacial erosion but not yet fully eroded. The Late Pleistocene landscape was very different, with the land bridge fully dissected by an axial Rhine–Thames valley, eroded deep enough to fully connect the English Channel and the North Sea during periods of highstand. This tripartite staging implies great differences in (i) possible migration routes of herds of herbivores as well as hominins preying upon them, (ii) the erosion base of axial and tributary rivers causing an increase in the availability of flint raw materials and (iii) conditions for loess accumulation in northern France and Belgium and the resulting preservation of Middle Palaeolithic sites. <br /> <br />Copyright (c) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. <br /> <br />DOI: 10.1002/jqs.1549 <br /> <br />Also: Hijma, M.P, K.M. Cohen, W. Roebroeks, W.E. Westerhoff, F.S. Busschers. 2012. Corrigendum Pleistocene Rhine–Thames landscapes: geological background for hominin occupation of the southern North Sea region. Journal of Quaternary Science, Vol 27, 336. DOI: 10.1002/jqs.2545 <br /> <br />See also the Editorial of JQS 27 (1): <a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jqs.1565/full" rel="nofollow">http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jqs.1565/full</a> <br /> <br />A one-page corrigendum appeared in JQS 27 (3). <br /><a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jqs.2545/full" rel="nofollow">http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jqs.2545/full</a> <br /> <br /> <br />The paper has appeared in JQS' new sample issue and is downloadable for non-subscribers too. FOLLOW THE LINK BELOW. The uploaded pdf on this site is only the corrigendum</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="945482fac94575e96afaf74713614ca4" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":12141290,"asset_id":1115159,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/12141290/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="1115159"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="1115159"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1115159; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1115159]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1115159]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1115159; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='1115159']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "945482fac94575e96afaf74713614ca4" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=1115159]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":1115159,"title":"Pleistocene Rhine–Thames landscapes: geological background for hominin occupation of the southern North Sea region","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"This paper links research questions in Quaternary geology with those in Palaeolithic archaeology. A detailed geological reconstruction of The Netherlands' south-west offshore area provides a stratigraphical context for archaeological and palaeontological finds. Progressive environmental developments have left a strong imprint on the area’s Palaeolithic record. We highlight aspects of landscape evolution and related taphonomical changes, visualized in maps for critical periods of the Pleistocene in the wider southern North Sea region. The Middle Pleistocene record is divided into two palaeogeographical stages: the pre-Anglian/Elsterian stage, during which a wide land bridge existed between England and Belgium even during marine highstands; and the Anglian/Elsterian to Saalian interglacial, with a narrower land bridge, lowered by proglacial erosion but not yet fully eroded. The Late Pleistocene landscape was very different, with the land bridge fully dissected by an axial Rhine–Thames valley, eroded deep enough to fully connect the English Channel and the North Sea during periods of highstand. This tripartite staging implies great differences in (i) possible migration routes of herds of herbivores as well as hominins preying upon them, (ii) the erosion base of axial and tributary rivers causing an increase in the availability of flint raw materials and (iii) conditions for loess accumulation in northern France and Belgium and the resulting preservation of Middle Palaeolithic sites.\r\n\r\nCopyright (c) 2011 John Wiley \u0026 Sons, Ltd.\r\n\r\nDOI: 10.1002/jqs.1549\r\n\r\nAlso: Hijma, M.P, K.M. Cohen, W. Roebroeks, W.E. Westerhoff, F.S. Busschers. 2012. Corrigendum Pleistocene Rhine–Thames landscapes: geological background for hominin occupation of the southern North Sea region. Journal of Quaternary Science, Vol 27, 336. DOI: 10.1002/jqs.2545\r\n\r\nSee also the Editorial of JQS 27 (1): http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jqs.1565/full\r\n\r\nA one-page corrigendum appeared in JQS 27 (3).\r\nhttp://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jqs.2545/full\r\n\r\n\r\nThe paper has appeared in JQS' new sample issue and is downloadable for non-subscribers too. FOLLOW THE LINK BELOW. The uploaded pdf on this site is only the corrigendum","more_info":"Hijma, M.P, K.M. Cohen, W. Roebroeks, W.E. Westerhoff, F.S. Busschers. 2012. Pleistocene Rhine–Thames landscapes: geological background for hominin occupation of the southern North Sea region. Journal of Quaternary Science, Vol 27, 17-32. "},"translated_abstract":"This paper links research questions in Quaternary geology with those in Palaeolithic archaeology. A detailed geological reconstruction of The Netherlands' south-west offshore area provides a stratigraphical context for archaeological and palaeontological finds. Progressive environmental developments have left a strong imprint on the area’s Palaeolithic record. We highlight aspects of landscape evolution and related taphonomical changes, visualized in maps for critical periods of the Pleistocene in the wider southern North Sea region. The Middle Pleistocene record is divided into two palaeogeographical stages: the pre-Anglian/Elsterian stage, during which a wide land bridge existed between England and Belgium even during marine highstands; and the Anglian/Elsterian to Saalian interglacial, with a narrower land bridge, lowered by proglacial erosion but not yet fully eroded. The Late Pleistocene landscape was very different, with the land bridge fully dissected by an axial Rhine–Thames valley, eroded deep enough to fully connect the English Channel and the North Sea during periods of highstand. This tripartite staging implies great differences in (i) possible migration routes of herds of herbivores as well as hominins preying upon them, (ii) the erosion base of axial and tributary rivers causing an increase in the availability of flint raw materials and (iii) conditions for loess accumulation in northern France and Belgium and the resulting preservation of Middle Palaeolithic sites.\r\n\r\nCopyright (c) 2011 John Wiley \u0026 Sons, Ltd.\r\n\r\nDOI: 10.1002/jqs.1549\r\n\r\nAlso: Hijma, M.P, K.M. Cohen, W. Roebroeks, W.E. Westerhoff, F.S. Busschers. 2012. Corrigendum Pleistocene Rhine–Thames landscapes: geological background for hominin occupation of the southern North Sea region. Journal of Quaternary Science, Vol 27, 336. DOI: 10.1002/jqs.2545\r\n\r\nSee also the Editorial of JQS 27 (1): http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jqs.1565/full\r\n\r\nA one-page corrigendum appeared in JQS 27 (3).\r\nhttp://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jqs.2545/full\r\n\r\n\r\nThe paper has appeared in JQS' new sample issue and is downloadable for non-subscribers too. FOLLOW THE LINK BELOW. The uploaded pdf on this site is only the corrigendum","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/1115159/Pleistocene_Rhine_Thames_landscapes_geological_background_for_hominin_occupation_of_the_southern_North_Sea_region","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2011-11-25T04:29:46.337-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":31840,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[{"id":16238,"work_id":1115159,"tagging_user_id":31840,"tagged_user_id":424006,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"f***s@tno.nl","affiliation":"TNO - Geological Survey of the Netherlands","display_order":1,"name":"Freek S. 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A detailed geological reconstruction of The Netherlands' south-west offshore area provides a stratigraphical context for archaeological and palaeontological finds. Progressive environmental developments have left a strong imprint on the area’s Palaeolithic record. We highlight aspects of landscape evolution and related taphonomical changes, visualized in maps for critical periods of the Pleistocene in the wider southern North Sea region. The Middle Pleistocene record is divided into two palaeogeographical stages: the pre-Anglian/Elsterian stage, during which a wide land bridge existed between England and Belgium even during marine highstands; and the Anglian/Elsterian to Saalian interglacial, with a narrower land bridge, lowered by proglacial erosion but not yet fully eroded. The Late Pleistocene landscape was very different, with the land bridge fully dissected by an axial Rhine–Thames valley, eroded deep enough to fully connect the English Channel and the North Sea during periods of highstand. This tripartite staging implies great differences in (i) possible migration routes of herds of herbivores as well as hominins preying upon them, (ii) the erosion base of axial and tributary rivers causing an increase in the availability of flint raw materials and (iii) conditions for loess accumulation in northern France and Belgium and the resulting preservation of Middle Palaeolithic sites.\r\n\r\nCopyright (c) 2011 John Wiley \u0026 Sons, Ltd.\r\n\r\nDOI: 10.1002/jqs.1549\r\n\r\nAlso: Hijma, M.P, K.M. Cohen, W. Roebroeks, W.E. Westerhoff, F.S. Busschers. 2012. Corrigendum Pleistocene Rhine–Thames landscapes: geological background for hominin occupation of the southern North Sea region. Journal of Quaternary Science, Vol 27, 336. DOI: 10.1002/jqs.2545\r\n\r\nSee also the Editorial of JQS 27 (1): http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jqs.1565/full\r\n\r\nA one-page corrigendum appeared in JQS 27 (3).\r\nhttp://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jqs.2545/full\r\n\r\n\r\nThe paper has appeared in JQS' new sample issue and is downloadable for non-subscribers too. FOLLOW THE LINK BELOW. The uploaded pdf on this site is only the corrigendum","owner":{"id":31840,"first_name":"Kim","middle_initials":"M","last_name":"Cohen","page_name":"KimCohen","domain_name":"uu","created_at":"2009-02-16T03:14:09.961-08:00","display_name":"Kim M Cohen","url":"https://uu.academia.edu/KimCohen"},"attachments":[{"id":12141290,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/12141290/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Hijma_etal_2012_Corrigendum.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/12141290/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Pleistocene_Rhine_Thames_landscapes_geol.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/12141290/Hijma_etal_2012_Corrigendum-libre.pdf?1390861059=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DPleistocene_Rhine_Thames_landscapes_geol.pdf\u0026Expires=1738630749\u0026Signature=TM76xxzgqgWo6pbX3tGZMrgv1LUTNn30YYRA8Z5-Kv81KmODNRg7y2bJOejqWChhuw59gWmv64dNV~SsHJQ~h86tnzKDfFRKPvDY-8mnff0D3Rs5hWEemI6-x8PiW9OrsCuuBcfxbd4ohQP7F6KHjDsIQLost1C1i4J8PLQly3J14wW2~V-7AnRpWMJvsBV3LwIaAIbHNFJ2hxqjlutuW3jnD1VDod2t6j5hpuoPUrvKEs7PKBdmL0O~iTlDt372Jkv6vxScNpouYpKHgTIZLsS1Di2C8ZUQkd~vxe4h3tOa-S2svTKsfUTN3i-o4u4ONuy~imFdx6zbLLVo-P2v3w__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology"},{"id":406,"name":"Geology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geology"},{"id":3110,"name":"Marine Geology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Geology"},{"id":6808,"name":"Coastal Geomorphology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coastal_Geomorphology"},{"id":9890,"name":"Quaternary Geology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quaternary_Geology"},{"id":14492,"name":"Coastal and Island Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coastal_and_Island_Archaeology"},{"id":19520,"name":"Fluvial Geomorphology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fluvial_Geomorphology"},{"id":22857,"name":"Palaeoanthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Palaeoanthropology"},{"id":26087,"name":"Paleolithic Europe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleolithic_Europe"},{"id":29144,"name":"Middle to Upper Paleolithic Transition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_to_Upper_Paleolithic_Transition"},{"id":48807,"name":"Sedimentary geology and stratigraphy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sedimentary_geology_and_stratigraphy"},{"id":60446,"name":"Quaternary Sedimentology and Geomorphology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quaternary_Sedimentology_and_Geomorphology"},{"id":230435,"name":"Continental shelf","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Continental_shelf"}],"urls":[{"id":157211,"url":"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jqs.1549/full"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="14168625"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/14168625/Mismatch_between_MIS_5e_and_the_Last_Interglacial_Eemian_of_Central_Europe"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Mismatch between MIS 5e and the Last Interglacial (Eemian) of Central Europe" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/14168625/Mismatch_between_MIS_5e_and_the_Last_Interglacial_Eemian_of_Central_Europe">Mismatch between MIS 5e and the Last Interglacial (Eemian) of Central Europe</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://leidenuni.academia.edu/WilRoebroeks">Wil Roebroeks</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://universiteitutrecht.academia.edu/MarkJSier">Mark J. Sier</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Interglacials have long been distinguished on basis of their marine isotopic signatures and, on l...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Interglacials have long been distinguished on basis of their marine isotopic signatures and, on land, by their terrestrial fossil assemblages. High-resolution correlation between the marine and terrestrial realms is of utmost relevance for studies of past climate changes and how those ...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="14168625"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="14168625"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 14168625; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=14168625]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=14168625]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 14168625; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='14168625']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=14168625]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":14168625,"title":"Mismatch between MIS 5e and the Last Interglacial (Eemian) of Central Europe","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/14168625/Mismatch_between_MIS_5e_and_the_Last_Interglacial_Eemian_of_Central_Europe","owner_id":33153302,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":33153302,"first_name":"Wil","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Roebroeks","page_name":"WilRoebroeks","domain_name":"leidenuni","created_at":"2015-07-18T00:42:04.779-07:00","display_name":"Wil Roebroeks","url":"https://leidenuni.academia.edu/WilRoebroeks"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="3241258" id="books"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="9519586"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/9519586/Gaudzinski_Windheuser_S_Roebroeks_W_2014_Multidisciplinary_studies_of_the_Middle_Palaeolithic_record_from_Neumark_Nord_Germany_Volume_1_Ver%C3%B6ffentlichungen_des_Landesamtes_f%C3%BCr_Denkmalpflege_Sachsen_Anhalt_69_Halle"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Gaudzinski-Windheuser, S., Roebroeks, W., 2014. Multidisciplinary studies of the Middle Palaeolithic record from Neumark-Nord (Germany). Volume 1. Veröffentlichungen des Landesamtes für Denkmalpflege Sachsen-Anhalt 69, Halle." class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/35744846/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/9519586/Gaudzinski_Windheuser_S_Roebroeks_W_2014_Multidisciplinary_studies_of_the_Middle_Palaeolithic_record_from_Neumark_Nord_Germany_Volume_1_Ver%C3%B6ffentlichungen_des_Landesamtes_f%C3%BCr_Denkmalpflege_Sachsen_Anhalt_69_Halle">Gaudzinski-Windheuser, S., Roebroeks, W., 2014. Multidisciplinary studies of the Middle Palaeolithic record from Neumark-Nord (Germany). Volume 1. Veröffentlichungen des Landesamtes für Denkmalpflege Sachsen-Anhalt 69, Halle.</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://leiza.academia.edu/SabineGaudzinskiWindheuser">Sabine Gaudzinski-Windheuser</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://leidenuni.academia.edu/WilRoebroeks">Wil Roebroeks</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Bibliografische Information Der Deutschen Bibliothek Die Deutsche Bibliothek verzeichnet diese Pu...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Bibliografische Information Der Deutschen Bibliothek Die Deutsche Bibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über <a href="http://dnb.ddb.de" rel="nofollow">http://dnb.ddb.de</a> abrufbar.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="494f500522cb1e1d808889da4258c6d0" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":35744846,"asset_id":9519586,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/35744846/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="9519586"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="9519586"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 9519586; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=9519586]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=9519586]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 9519586; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='9519586']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "494f500522cb1e1d808889da4258c6d0" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=9519586]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":9519586,"title":"Gaudzinski-Windheuser, S., Roebroeks, W., 2014. 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detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.ddb.de abrufbar.","owner":{"id":606181,"first_name":"Sabine","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Gaudzinski-Windheuser","page_name":"SabineGaudzinskiWindheuser","domain_name":"leiza","created_at":"2011-07-25T21:48:37.308-07:00","display_name":"Sabine Gaudzinski-Windheuser","url":"https://leiza.academia.edu/SabineGaudzinskiWindheuser"},"attachments":[{"id":35744846,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/35744846/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"001_Gaudzinski-Windheuser-Roebroeks_S9-12.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/35744846/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Gaudzinski_Windheuser_S_Roebroeks_W_2014.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/35744846/001_Gaudzinski-Windheuser-Roebroeks_S9-12-libre.pdf?1417067540=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DGaudzinski_Windheuser_S_Roebroeks_W_2014.pdf\u0026Expires=1738690021\u0026Signature=QwxWj-OBDT1fG3RAte9ffBTPrlvn53Ikz9FoXROUKdWZ8tn5jKp3Vdp7Gjpm0JDGlFx4-VlkKxmGgNJAMtczVCcyzQ5ZN39HiN6GJCHkk6LzmyP1l~FCfhyieLMEjm7qcopqAYFyJ70apd5229Xfey0nYA~at9A2mA26v30dpUkqCWrw-ShiRp4DuZT3KWn0Ally-sW1Nbvmq1fjkACysFLQIXyLtUU4-SExlAS73YQILIAFnPlQX9IH-w7eX4ePT8AV-Ywtk-X9b7CPd3W47oeyc0zBuhOfWPGZSqSwJGV6t1eUYAEgmK2g-~~gr6AblNY9Av1xy2hznj43A4YHwA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1624,"name":"Zooarchaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zooarchaeology"},{"id":4548,"name":"Palaeolithic Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Palaeolithic_Archaeology"},{"id":20042,"name":"Last Interglacial","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Last_Interglacial"},{"id":28126,"name":"Neanderthals (Palaeolithic Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neanderthals_Palaeolithic_Archaeology_"},{"id":38330,"name":"Lower and Middle Paleolithic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lower_and_Middle_Paleolithic"},{"id":41112,"name":"Middle Palaeolithic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_Palaeolithic"},{"id":59041,"name":"Middle Paleolithic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_Paleolithic"},{"id":231620,"name":"Eemian interglacial","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eemian_interglacial"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="3242307" id="magazinearticles"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="972094"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/972094/Cultureel_erfgoed_in_de_Noordzee_hoe_gaan_we_er_mee_om"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Cultureel erfgoed in de Noordzee: hoe gaan we er mee om?" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/972094/Cultureel_erfgoed_in_de_Noordzee_hoe_gaan_we_er_mee_om">Cultureel erfgoed in de Noordzee: hoe gaan we er mee om?</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://uu.academia.edu/KimCohen">Kim M Cohen</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://leidenuni.academia.edu/WilRoebroeks">Wil Roebroeks</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Arcticle in Dutch in magazine for professional archaeology in the Netherlands. Abridged title: Cu...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Arcticle in Dutch in magazine for professional archaeology in the Netherlands. Abridged title: Cultural heritage in the North Sea: how do we deal with it? <br /> <br />Wanneer op het vaste land een terrein met archeologische waarde verstoort gaat worden, betaalt de verstoorder de kosten van het archeologisch onderzoek. Dit is vastgelegd in de Wet op de Arcehologische Monumentenzorg (WAMZ) uit 2007 en een gevolg van het Europese Verdrag van Malta. Ook de bodem van de Noordzee bevat veel cultureel erfgoed, met name resten van paleo- en mesolitische culturen ouder dan 8.500 jaar. Zandwinning, kustsuppletie en de aanleg van windparken leiden tot een groeiend gebruik van de Noordzeebodem en er vindt daardoor steeds vaker verstoring van het bodemarchief van de Noordzee plaats. Hierbij wordt geen rekening gehouden met het prehistorische erfgoed en gaat er dus veel verloren. De bestaande wetgeving is namelijk vooral gericht op de bescherming van het maritieme erfgoed (onder andere scheepswrakken) en niet zozeer op de bescherming van archeologische waarden in de Noordzeebodem. De WAMZ is daarvoor echter wel een geschikt middel en ook op zee dient het principe te worden toegepast dat de verstoorder inventarisatie en onderzoek naar archeologische bodemschatten bekostigt. Goede gecoördineerde samenwerking tussen archeologen, geologen en ontwerpers van ingrepen vormt daarbij een belangrijk onderdeel. Het is dé manier om optimaal gebruik te maken van alle bodeminformatie die voor en tijdens ingrepen gegenereerd wordt. <br /> <br /><a href="http://www.archeobrief.nl" rel="nofollow">http://www.archeobrief.nl</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="972094"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="972094"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 972094; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=972094]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=972094]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 972094; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='972094']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=972094]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":972094,"title":"Cultureel erfgoed in de Noordzee: hoe gaan we er mee om?","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/972094/Cultureel_erfgoed_in_de_Noordzee_hoe_gaan_we_er_mee_om","owner_id":31840,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":31840,"first_name":"Kim","middle_initials":"M","last_name":"Cohen","page_name":"KimCohen","domain_name":"uu","created_at":"2009-02-16T03:14:09.961-08:00","display_name":"Kim M Cohen","url":"https://uu.academia.edu/KimCohen"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="3300282" id="conferencepresentations"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="8287273"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/8287273/THE_DIACHRONOUS_EEMIAN_LAST_INTERGLACIAL_IN_EUROPE"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of THE DIACHRONOUS EEMIAN (LAST INTERGLACIAL) IN EUROPE." class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/34699739/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/8287273/THE_DIACHRONOUS_EEMIAN_LAST_INTERGLACIAL_IN_EUROPE">THE DIACHRONOUS EEMIAN (LAST INTERGLACIAL) IN EUROPE.</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://universiteitutrecht.academia.edu/MarkJSier">Mark J. Sier</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://leidenuni.academia.edu/WilRoebroeks">Wil Roebroeks</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The Eemian, first defined by Harting in 1874 in the Netherlands, is the term for the terrestrial ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The Eemian, first defined by Harting in 1874 in the Netherlands,<br />is the term for the terrestrial Last Interglacial in Europe. Extensive research has been devoted to this period from a wide range of disciplines. Archaeologists have an interested in this period as it contains the Last Interglacial presence of Homo neanderthalensis in Europe.<br />Understanding the geographic and environmental range of this species, particularly the range limits, gives important insights in their social and/ or technological abilities. Studying the North western European (including the Eemian typelocality in the Netherlands) Eemian helps to contribute to this understanding.<br />Here we present the combined results of research done at three Eemian sites, Neumark Nord 2 (Germany), Caours (France) and Rutten (Netherlands). Detailed palaeomagnetic and palaeoenvironmental studies were performedat these sites. In all three sites we indentified a palaeomagnetic excursion which is the Blake Event. We used<br />this Blake Event as a chronostratigraphic marker in order to compare our records with the well dated marine core MD952042 (of the Iberian coast). When comparing our results with this core we can conclude that the onset of Eemian was delayed by 5000 years in north western Europe with respect to southern Europe. This means that the onset<br />of the Eemian in north western Europe is placed well after the Marine Isotope Stage 5e sealevel highstand. As a result no “dry path” towards Great Britain was available during this warm period, possibly explaining the absence of Homo neanderthalensis during this period.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="971b4156dc0fffe433630e74558ccea3" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":34699739,"asset_id":8287273,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/34699739/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="8287273"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="8287273"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8287273; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=8287273]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=8287273]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8287273; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='8287273']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "971b4156dc0fffe433630e74558ccea3" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=8287273]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":8287273,"title":"THE DIACHRONOUS EEMIAN (LAST INTERGLACIAL) IN EUROPE.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/8287273/THE_DIACHRONOUS_EEMIAN_LAST_INTERGLACIAL_IN_EUROPE","owner_id":456096,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":456096,"first_name":"Mark J.","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Sier","page_name":"MarkJSier","domain_name":"universiteitutrecht","created_at":"2011-05-26T17:08:26.746-07:00","display_name":"Mark J. Sier","url":"https://universiteitutrecht.academia.edu/MarkJSier"},"attachments":[{"id":34699739,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/34699739/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Abstract_UISPP_MarkSierEtAl_RuttenEemian.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/34699739/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"THE_DIACHRONOUS_EEMIAN_LAST_INTERGLACIAL.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/34699739/Abstract_UISPP_MarkSierEtAl_RuttenEemian-libre.pdf?1410436594=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DTHE_DIACHRONOUS_EEMIAN_LAST_INTERGLACIAL.pdf\u0026Expires=1740034241\u0026Signature=Z9oOvU7FuneffdAzti2EHxpNyG-~4EiEj2vFymqLu5lM4-1FSdf6VWsXq1oHoKFwv~662HC7LrdCMWutoNweLHGf~4xfokJa3hTIWHNBP66-oMxx5DRYcZizcuVO~8tGrUYh4jTWkITaG6BzrpsqItyoq6bwNwJDpHwglE-HEjtk57XUAZvgc5tZsVf29Jsgb7~v3QxSEOMu7rvI3NQyXmisIvrT2KnMESQPnijbGC4-mAKRJpXIpOLx60JSMDp078cCdOaPV0GG5pQfx~E5Ze5Mu80SxKM7tKDocQc23T5zBTFQPg~ZF-gKBzuE-N0uN5ykiYTSd0-rWAcLfnmWpw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="4729023" id="2016papers"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="22678718"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/22678718/Selection_and_Use_of_Manganese_Dioxide_by_Neanderthals"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Selection and Use of Manganese Dioxide by Neanderthals" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/43262986/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/22678718/Selection_and_Use_of_Manganese_Dioxide_by_Neanderthals">Selection and Use of Manganese Dioxide by Neanderthals</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://leidenuniv.academia.edu/marieSoressi">Marie Soressi</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://leidenuni.academia.edu/AnneliesvanHoesel">Annelies van Hoesel</a>, and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://leidenuni.academia.edu/WilRoebroeks">Wil Roebroeks</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Several Mousterian sites in France have yielded large numbers of small black blocs. The usual int...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Several Mousterian sites in France have yielded large numbers of small black blocs. The usual interpretation is that these ‘manganese oxides’ were collected for their colouring properties and used in body decoration, potentially for symbolic expression. Neanderthals habitually used fire and if they needed black material for decoration, soot and charcoal were readily available, whereas obtaining manganese oxides would have incurred considerably higher costs. Compositional analyses lead us to infer that late Neanderthals at Pech-de-l’Azé I were deliberately selecting manganese dioxide. Combustion experiments and thermo-gravimetric measurements demonstrate that manganese dioxide reduces wood’s auto-ignition temperature and substantially increases the rate of char combustion, leading us to conclude that the most beneficial use for manganese dioxide was in fire-making. With archaeological evidence for fire places and the conversion of the manganese dioxide to powder, we argue that Neanderthals at Pech-de-l’Azé I used manganese dioxide in fire-making and produced fire on demand.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="96072fe571028031e4d1f5c17f01b96f" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":43262986,"asset_id":22678718,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/43262986/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="22678718"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="22678718"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 22678718; 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