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overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; -webkit-line-clamp: 3; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; }</style><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><div class="u-floatLeft"><h1 class="PageHeader-title u-m0x u-fs30">Contract, Contracts of Adhesion, Contract Theory</h1><div class="u-tcGrayDark">3 Followers</div><div class="u-tcGrayDark u-mt2x">Recent papers in <b>Contract, Contracts of Adhesion, Contract Theory</b></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="TabbedNavigation"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><ul class="nav u-m0x u-p0x list-inline u-displayFlex"><li class="active"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Contracts_of_Adhesion_Contract_Theory">Top Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Contracts_of_Adhesion_Contract_Theory/MostCited">Most Cited Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Contracts_of_Adhesion_Contract_Theory/MostDownloaded">Most Downloaded Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Contracts_of_Adhesion_Contract_Theory/MostRecent">Newest Papers</a></li><li><a class="" href="https://www.academia.edu/People/Contract_Contracts_of_Adhesion_Contract_Theory">People</a></li></ul></div><style type="text/css">ul.nav{flex-direction:row}@media(max-width: 567px){ul.nav{flex-direction:column}.TabbedNavigation li{max-width:100%}.TabbedNavigation li.active{background-color:var(--background-grey, #dddde2)}.TabbedNavigation li.active:before,.TabbedNavigation li.active:after{display:none}}</style></div></div></div><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12"><div class="u-displayFlex"><div class="u-flexGrow1"><div class="works"><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_34545964" data-work_id="34545964" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/34545964/Quelques_pr%C3%A9cisions_importantes_sur_le_champ_dapplication_et_les_modalit%C3%A9s_du_d%C3%A9s%C3%A9quilibre_significatif_dans_larticle_L_442_6_I_2_du_Code_de_commerce_Commentaire_de_Cass_com_25_janv_2017_no_15_23_547_P_B_Revue_Lamy_Droit_civil_No_148_1er_mai_2017">Quelques précisions importantes sur le champ d'application et les modalités du déséquilibre significatif dans l'article L. 442-6, I, 2°) du Code de commerce (Commentaire de Cass. com., 25 janv. 2017, nº 15-23.547, P+B) , Revue Lamy Droit civil, Nº 148, 1er mai 2017</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Quelques précisions importantes sur le champ d'application et les modalités du déséquilibre significatif de l'article L. 442-6, I, 2º, du Code de commerce I-« SOUMISSION » ÉGALE « CONTRAT D'ADHÉSION » II-LES CLAUSES CONTRÔLABLES... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_34545964" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Quelques précisions importantes sur le champ d'application et les modalités du déséquilibre significatif de l'article L. 442-6, I, 2º, du Code de commerce I-« SOUMISSION » ÉGALE « CONTRAT D'ADHÉSION » II-LES CLAUSES CONTRÔLABLES III-L'INTERDÉPENDANCE DES STIPULATIONS-Quelques précisions importantes sur le champ d'application et les modalités du déséquilibre significatif de l'article L. 442-6, I, 2º, du Code de commerce Revue Lamy Droit civil, Nº 148, 1er mai 2017 C'est un véritable arrêt de principe qu'a rendu la Chambre commerciale de la Cour de cassation le 25 janvier 2017 à propos du champ d'application et des modalités du déséquilibre significatif opéré sur le fondement de l'article L. 442-6, I, 2º, du Code de commerce. Il en ressort que les conventions susceptibles d'être contrôlées sont les contrats d'adhésion, que le juge peut contrôler l'adéquation du prix à la prestation promise et que l'appréciation du déséquilibre significatif doit tenir compte de l'indépendance des stipulations.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/34545964" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="87e2b1b6b5577a715d148bfa05733b5f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":54410831,"asset_id":34545964,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/54410831/download_file?st=MTczMjQzOTgyMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2032406" href="https://univ-lorraine.academia.edu/Fran%C3%A7oisXavierLICARI">Dr. François-Xavier LICARI</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2032406" type="text/json">{"id":2032406,"first_name":"Dr. François-Xavier","last_name":"LICARI","domain_name":"univ-lorraine","page_name":"FrançoisXavierLICARI","display_name":"Dr. François-Xavier LICARI","profile_url":"https://univ-lorraine.academia.edu/Fran%C3%A7oisXavierLICARI?f_ri=581109","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2032406/9840185/10967015/s65_fran_ois-xavier.licari.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_34545964 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="34545964"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 34545964, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_34545964", }); 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Il en ressort que les conventions susceptibles d'être contrôlées sont les contrats d'adhésion, que le juge peut contrôler l'adéquation du prix à la prestation promise et que l'appréciation du déséquilibre significatif doit tenir compte de l'indépendance des stipulations.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":54410831,"asset_id":34545964,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2032406,"first_name":"Dr. François-Xavier","last_name":"LICARI","domain_name":"univ-lorraine","page_name":"FrançoisXavierLICARI","display_name":"Dr. François-Xavier LICARI","profile_url":"https://univ-lorraine.academia.edu/Fran%C3%A7oisXavierLICARI?f_ri=581109","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2032406/9840185/10967015/s65_fran_ois-xavier.licari.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2098,"name":"Contract Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law?f_ri=581109","nofollow":false},{"id":10490,"name":"French Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_Law?f_ri=581109","nofollow":false},{"id":12281,"name":"Business Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_Law?f_ri=581109","nofollow":false},{"id":581109,"name":"Contract, Contracts of Adhesion, Contract Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Contracts_of_Adhesion_Contract_Theory?f_ri=581109","nofollow":false},{"id":810675,"name":"Unconscionable Bargain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Unconscionable_Bargain?f_ri=581109"},{"id":1162021,"name":"Droit Des Contrats","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Droit_Des_Contrats?f_ri=581109"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_43301201" data-work_id="43301201" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/43301201/Revista_Derecho_Comercial_del_Consumidor_y_de_la_Empresa_completa_">Revista Derecho Comercial del Consumidor y de la Empresa (completa)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Concursos y Quiebras Doctrina Efectos de la quiebra sobre las remuneraciones del fallido Por Miguel E. Rubín . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Algunas cuestiones de la ley 26.684 de reforma de la ley de concursos y quiebras Por Carlos A.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_43301201" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Concursos y Quiebras<br />Doctrina<br />Efectos de la quiebra sobre las remuneraciones del fallido<br />Por Miguel E. Rubín . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3<br />Algunas cuestiones de la ley 26.684 de reforma de la ley de concursos y quiebras<br />Por Carlos A. Molina Sandoval. . . . . . . . . 17<br />El régimen de insolvencia transfronteriza en la ley de concursos y quiebras 24.522<br />Por Juan F. Acosta. . . . . . . . . . . . . 30<br />Comentarios Jurisprudenciales<br />Cosa juzgada: fundamentos, críticas y propuesta<br />Por Diego M. Proietti . . . . . . . . . . . . 53<br />EMERGENCIA SA NITARI A. Ejecución de acuerdo homologado. Cuota Concordataria. Exigibilidad.<br />Interpretación de la Ley 26.077 (CS). . . . . . . . 53<br />sum ario<br />IV<br />Jurisprudencia Anotada<br />QUIEBRA. Desconocimiento del estado de cesación de pagos. Prueba (CNCom.). . . . . . . . 63<br />Comentario: Acción revocatoria por conocimiento del estado de cesación de pagos •<br />Jorge Silvio Sicoli. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63<br />QUIEBRA. Procedencia de la medida cautelar solicitada por el fallido. Otorgamiento del<br />certificado fiscal para contratar (CNCom.). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65<br />Comentario: El concursamiento no supone olvido • Héctor Osvaldo Chomer. . . . . . . . . . 65<br />QUIEBRA. Conclusión de la quiebra. Avenimiento. Procedencia. Consentimiento prestado<br />por un acreedor que luego cedió el crédito (CNCom.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 67<br />Comentario: Conclusión de la quiebra por avenimiento • Héctor Osvaldo Chomer. . . . . 67<br />Defensa del Consumidor<br />DOCTRINA<br />La categoría jurídica de “consumidor”, en especial con relación a las personas jurídicas<br />Por Francisco Junyent Bas y María Constanza Garzino . . . . . . . . . . . . 73<br />Los principios en el proceso de consumo<br />Por Florencia Bellusci de González Zavala y Victorino Solá . . . . . . . . . . . . 85<br />El Código unificado: Una propuesta sobre el ámbito subjetivo de consumidor<br />Por Esteban Javier Arias Cáu . . . . . . . . . 94<br />COMENTARIOS JURISPRU DENCIALES<br />Las redes de distribución frente al consumidor<br />Por María Paula Arias. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111<br />CAPITA LIZACION Y AHORRO. Plan de ahorro previo para la compra de un automotor. Adjudicación<br />de la unidad y pago de la cuota complementaria. Responsabilidad del concesionario<br />de automotores (CNCom.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/43301201" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="613dae47e80a9fe43fde86c80e0f7200" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":63579400,"asset_id":43301201,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63579400/download_file?st=MTczMjQzOTgyMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="40687513" href="https://ucse.academia.edu/EstebanjavierAriasCau">Esteban javier Arias Cau</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="40687513" type="text/json">{"id":40687513,"first_name":"Esteban javier","last_name":"Arias Cau","domain_name":"ucse","page_name":"EstebanjavierAriasCau","display_name":"Esteban javier Arias Cau","profile_url":"https://ucse.academia.edu/EstebanjavierAriasCau?f_ri=581109","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/40687513/23483079/22542551/s65_esteban_javier.arias_cau.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_43301201 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="43301201"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 43301201, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_43301201", }); 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Rubín . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3\nAlgunas cuestiones de la ley 26.684 de reforma de la ley de concursos y quiebras\nPor Carlos A. Molina Sandoval. . . . . . . . . 17\nEl régimen de insolvencia transfronteriza en la ley de concursos y quiebras 24.522\nPor Juan F. Acosta. . . . . . . . . . . . . 30\nComentarios Jurisprudenciales\nCosa juzgada: fundamentos, críticas y propuesta\nPor Diego M. Proietti . . . . . . . . . . . . 53\nEMERGENCIA SA NITARI A. Ejecución de acuerdo homologado. Cuota Concordataria. Exigibilidad.\nInterpretación de la Ley 26.077 (CS). . . . . . . . \t53\nsum ario\nIV\nJurisprudencia Anotada\nQUIEBRA. Desconocimiento del estado de cesación de pagos. Prueba (CNCom.). . . . . . . . \t63\nComentario: Acción revocatoria por conocimiento del estado de cesación de pagos •\nJorge Silvio Sicoli. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63\nQUIEBRA. Procedencia de la medida cautelar solicitada por el fallido. Otorgamiento del\ncertificado fiscal para contratar (CNCom.). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . \t65\nComentario: El concursamiento no supone olvido • Héctor Osvaldo Chomer. . . . . . . . . . 65\nQUIEBRA. Conclusión de la quiebra. Avenimiento. Procedencia. Consentimiento prestado\npor un acreedor que luego cedió el crédito (CNCom.) . . . . . . . . . . . . \t67\nComentario: Conclusión de la quiebra por avenimiento • Héctor Osvaldo Chomer. . . . . 67\nDefensa del Consumidor\nDOCTRINA\nLa categoría jurídica de “consumidor”, en especial con relación a las personas jurídicas\nPor Francisco Junyent Bas y María Constanza Garzino . . . . . . . . . . . . 73\nLos principios en el proceso de consumo\nPor Florencia Bellusci de González Zavala y Victorino Solá . . . . . . . . . . . . 85\nEl Código unificado: Una propuesta sobre el ámbito subjetivo de consumidor\nPor Esteban Javier Arias Cáu . . . . . . . . . 94\nCOMENTARIOS JURISPRU DENCIALES\nLas redes de distribución frente al consumidor\nPor María Paula Arias. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111\nCAPITA LIZACION Y AHORRO. Plan de ahorro previo para la compra de un automotor. Adjudicación\nde la unidad y pago de la cuota complementaria. Responsabilidad del concesionario\nde automotores (CNCom.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":63579400,"asset_id":43301201,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":40687513,"first_name":"Esteban javier","last_name":"Arias Cau","domain_name":"ucse","page_name":"EstebanjavierAriasCau","display_name":"Esteban javier Arias Cau","profile_url":"https://ucse.academia.edu/EstebanjavierAriasCau?f_ri=581109","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/40687513/23483079/22542551/s65_esteban_javier.arias_cau.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2098,"name":"Contract Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law?f_ri=581109","nofollow":false},{"id":15196,"name":"Private law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Private_law?f_ri=581109","nofollow":false},{"id":68055,"name":"Comportamiento del Consumidor","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comportamiento_del_Consumidor?f_ri=581109","nofollow":false},{"id":86142,"name":"DERECHO CIVIL","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/DERECHO_CIVIL?f_ri=581109","nofollow":false},{"id":95272,"name":"Direito Civil","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Direito_Civil?f_ri=581109"},{"id":106568,"name":"Direito Do Consumidor","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Direito_Do_Consumidor?f_ri=581109"},{"id":373080,"name":"Contratos","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contratos?f_ri=581109"},{"id":451467,"name":"Psicología Del Consumidor","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psicolog%C3%ADa_Del_Consumidor?f_ri=581109"},{"id":581109,"name":"Contract, Contracts of Adhesion, Contract Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Contracts_of_Adhesion_Contract_Theory?f_ri=581109"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_10214117" data-work_id="10214117" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/10214117/Autonomy_in_B2C_Arbitration_Is_the_European_Model_of_Consumer_Protection_Really_Adequate">Autonomy in B2C Arbitration: Is the European Model of Consumer Protection Really Adequate?</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Consumer protection has become a legal phenomenon to reckon with on a global scale, with repercussions for, among others, contracts concluded between consumers and business entities – i.e., B2C contracts. While the path chosen by EU law... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_10214117" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Consumer protection has become a legal phenomenon to reckon with on a global scale, with repercussions for, among others, contracts concluded between consumers and business entities – i.e., B2C contracts. While the path chosen by EU law is one of special legal protection (on the basis of special legislation) and the introduction of restrictions, the model applied in the United States is based on protection afforded according to general law of contract principles. The author maintains that the model applied in the United States is more efficient as it does not prevent markets which are based on a high degree of autonomy (but also responsibility) on the part of all contractual partners, including the consumer, from prospering. He argues that “liability” is the other side of the coin labeled “autonomy” and must be applied with a broad brush, both in terms of substantive-law aspects and procedural aspects. This also extends to arbitration agreements concluded between consumers and business entities. He maintains there is no need for special restrictions when it comes to incorporating arbitration clauses in consumer contracts, and that instead, the lawmaker should focus on seeing to it that the basic principles of arbitration are observed. In concluding he finds that the European model often leads to the abuse of the system of consumer protection by the consumers themselves and that the German model represents an interesting and efficient model, striking a compromise between the restrictive system established under EU law and the U.S. model.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/10214117" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="18797a2bc5c05257e07fdc149b2c2125" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":36310428,"asset_id":10214117,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36310428/download_file?st=MTczMjQzOTgyMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="24023091" href="https://vsb.academia.edu/AlexanderBelohlavek">Alexander Belohlavek</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="24023091" type="text/json">{"id":24023091,"first_name":"Alexander","last_name":"Belohlavek","domain_name":"vsb","page_name":"AlexanderBelohlavek","display_name":"Alexander Belohlavek","profile_url":"https://vsb.academia.edu/AlexanderBelohlavek?f_ri=581109","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_10214117 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="10214117"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 10214117, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_10214117", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=10214117]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_10214117").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_10214117").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="10214117"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">32</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2575" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Law">International Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2575" type="text/json">{"id":2575,"name":"International Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Law?f_ri=581109","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3263" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law_of_evidence">Law of evidence</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3263" type="text/json">{"id":3263,"name":"Law of evidence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law_of_evidence?f_ri=581109","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3745" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arbitration">Arbitration</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3745" type="text/json">{"id":3745,"name":"Arbitration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arbitration?f_ri=581109","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3781" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Private_International_Law">Private International Law</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3781" type="text/json">{"id":3781,"name":"Private International Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Private_International_Law?f_ri=581109","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=10214117]'), work: {"id":10214117,"title":"Autonomy in B2C Arbitration: Is the European Model of Consumer Protection Really Adequate?","created_at":"2015-01-18T01:40:25.121-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/10214117/Autonomy_in_B2C_Arbitration_Is_the_European_Model_of_Consumer_Protection_Really_Adequate?f_ri=581109","dom_id":"work_10214117","summary":"Consumer protection has become a legal phenomenon to reckon with on a global scale, with repercussions for, among others, contracts concluded between consumers and business entities – i.e., B2C contracts. 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He maintains there is no need for special restrictions when it comes to incorporating arbitration clauses in consumer contracts, and that instead, the lawmaker should focus on seeing to it that the basic principles of arbitration are observed. In concluding he finds that the European model often leads to the abuse of the system of consumer protection by the consumers themselves and that the German model represents an interesting and efficient model, striking a compromise between the restrictive system established under EU law and the U.S. model.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":36310428,"asset_id":10214117,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":24023091,"first_name":"Alexander","last_name":"Belohlavek","domain_name":"vsb","page_name":"AlexanderBelohlavek","display_name":"Alexander Belohlavek","profile_url":"https://vsb.academia.edu/AlexanderBelohlavek?f_ri=581109","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2575,"name":"International Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Law?f_ri=581109","nofollow":false},{"id":3263,"name":"Law of 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href="https://www.academia.edu/34835264/Protecting_Self_Interest_in_Aggregate_as_the_Basis_of_Fairness_in_Contract">Protecting Self-Interest in Aggregate as the Basis of Fairness in Contract</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Despite the existence of a near consensus on most of the specifics of common law contract law, there remains a great deal of uncertainty about how doctrines of contractual fairness are to be applied to excuse a party from a contract, and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_34835264" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Despite the existence of a near consensus on most of the specifics of common law contract law, there remains a great deal of uncertainty about how doctrines of contractual fairness are to be applied to excuse a party from a contract, and no clear justificatory principle has been found to explain them. This article attempts to reach a unifying principle for the exceptions to contractual enforcement, including unconscionability, undue influence, duress, and mistake, based on the premise that, in order to find a unifying principle for why we provide exceptions to contractual enforcement on the basis that the contract is unfair, we must first determine why contract is enforced at all. The exceptions to contractual enforcement can then be united by a principle that contracts should not be enforced where to do so would undermine the purposes of enforcing contract, or where the reasons for non-enforcement outweigh the reasons for enforcement. <br /><br />This article therefore establishes three general premises that underlie contractual enforcement: (1) the utility of contract law, as a state-enforced law of general application, should be judged on aggregative and societal level; (2) contractual enforcement encourages and enforces welfare-enhancing agreements, but only if we can assume that each party is able to rationally consider her own self-interest with respect to the terms of the agreement such that both parties increase their utility in the bargain; and (3) agreements that are rationally welfare-enhancing at the time of their formation should generally be enforced even in cases in which one party later regrets the agreement to protect the welfare-enhancing societal institution of contracting.<br /><br />Based upon these premises, this article argues that the doctrines of contractual fairness can be unified by an inquiry into whether, in the circumstances, both parties were rationally able to consider and protect their self-interest in the formation of the agreement. It then proposes that where both parties could not, the agreement should be set aside, as the purposes of contract are undermined. Where only one party could not, the agreement should be set aside where the other party knew, or should have known, that the other party could not rationally consider and protect their own interests. This latter caveat serves to protect the societal and aggregative nature of contract law. <br /><br />This article then demonstrates that this approach can justify existing doctrines of fairness and can also explain the outcomes of seminal contractual fairness cases. This article also explores what it means to be able to rationally protect one’s self-interest, and addresses a number of possible objections and concerns to the argument presented.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/34835264" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ecfaa3fa6e70320f3d2d86aff56acc73" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":66062460,"asset_id":34835264,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/66062460/download_file?st=MTczMjQzOTgyMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="69427178" href="https://utoronto.academia.edu/MatthewMarinett">Matthew Marinett</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="69427178" type="text/json">{"id":69427178,"first_name":"Matthew","last_name":"Marinett","domain_name":"utoronto","page_name":"MatthewMarinett","display_name":"Matthew Marinett","profile_url":"https://utoronto.academia.edu/MatthewMarinett?f_ri=581109","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/69427178/17975884/17999422/s65_matthew.marinett.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_34835264 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="34835264"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 34835264, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_34835264", }); 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This article attempts to reach a unifying principle for the exceptions to contractual enforcement, including unconscionability, undue influence, duress, and mistake, based on the premise that, in order to find a unifying principle for why we provide exceptions to contractual enforcement on the basis that the contract is unfair, we must first determine why contract is enforced at all. The exceptions to contractual enforcement can then be united by a principle that contracts should not be enforced where to do so would undermine the purposes of enforcing contract, or where the reasons for non-enforcement outweigh the reasons for enforcement. \n\nThis article therefore establishes three general premises that underlie contractual enforcement: (1) the utility of contract law, as a state-enforced law of general application, should be judged on aggregative and societal level; (2) contractual enforcement encourages and enforces welfare-enhancing agreements, but only if we can assume that each party is able to rationally consider her own self-interest with respect to the terms of the agreement such that both parties increase their utility in the bargain; and (3) agreements that are rationally welfare-enhancing at the time of their formation should generally be enforced even in cases in which one party later regrets the agreement to protect the welfare-enhancing societal institution of contracting.\n\nBased upon these premises, this article argues that the doctrines of contractual fairness can be unified by an inquiry into whether, in the circumstances, both parties were rationally able to consider and protect their self-interest in the formation of the agreement. It then proposes that where both parties could not, the agreement should be set aside, as the purposes of contract are undermined. Where only one party could not, the agreement should be set aside where the other party knew, or should have known, that the other party could not rationally consider and protect their own interests. This latter caveat serves to protect the societal and aggregative nature of contract law. \n\nThis article then demonstrates that this approach can justify existing doctrines of fairness and can also explain the outcomes of seminal contractual fairness cases. This article also explores what it means to be able to rationally protect one’s self-interest, and addresses a number of possible objections and concerns to the argument presented.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":66062460,"asset_id":34835264,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":69427178,"first_name":"Matthew","last_name":"Marinett","domain_name":"utoronto","page_name":"MatthewMarinett","display_name":"Matthew Marinett","profile_url":"https://utoronto.academia.edu/MatthewMarinett?f_ri=581109","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/69427178/17975884/17999422/s65_matthew.marinett.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2098,"name":"Contract Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law?f_ri=581109","nofollow":false},{"id":7495,"name":"Law and Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law_and_Economics?f_ri=581109","nofollow":false},{"id":581109,"name":"Contract, Contracts of Adhesion, Contract 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