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telescopes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Radio_telescopes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Space_Telescopes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Space_Telescopes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Space Telescopes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Space_Telescopes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_types_of_solar_telescopes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_types_of_solar_telescopes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Other types of solar telescopes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_types_of_solar_telescopes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a 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href="/wiki/Sun" title="Sun">Sun</a> from Earth's surface. Solar telescopes often have multiple focal lengths, and use a various combination of mirrors such as <a href="/wiki/Coelostat" title="Coelostat">coelostats</a>, lenses, and tubes for instruments including <a href="/wiki/Spectrograph" class="mw-redirect" title="Spectrograph">spectrographs</a>, cameras, or <a href="/wiki/Coronagraph" title="Coronagraph">coronagraphs</a>. There are many types of instruments that have been designed to observe Earth's Sun, for example, in the 20th century <a href="/wiki/Solar_telescope#Solar_tower" title="Solar telescope">solar towers</a> were common. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ground_telescopes">Ground telescopes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_solar_telescopes&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Ground telescopes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Optical_telescopes">Optical telescopes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_solar_telescopes&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Optical telescopes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:95%;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Name/Observatory </th> <th class="unsortable">Image </th> <th data-sort-type="number"><a href="/wiki/Aperture" title="Aperture">Aperture</a> </th> <th>Year(s) </th> <th>Location </th> <th>Country(s) </th> <th class="unsortable">Note(s) </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Daniel_K._Inouye_Solar_Telescope" title="Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope">Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope</a> (DKIST)</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Haleakala_Observatory_2017.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Haleakala_Observatory_2017.jpg/80px-Haleakala_Observatory_2017.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="47" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Haleakala_Observatory_2017.jpg/120px-Haleakala_Observatory_2017.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Haleakala_Observatory_2017.jpg/160px-Haleakala_Observatory_2017.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4909" data-file-height="2881" /></a></span></td> <td>400 cm</td> <td>2019–</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Haleakal%C4%81" title="Haleakalā">Haleakalā</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maui" title="Maui">Maui</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a>, United States</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 2x" data-file-width="69" data-file-height="39" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-bbso_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbso-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Witze2020_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Witze2020-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-dkistcycle1_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dkistcycle1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinese_Large_Solar_Telescope&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chinese Large Solar Telescope (page does not exist)">Chinese Large Solar Telescope</a> (CLST)</td> <td></td> <td>180 cm</td> <td>2019–</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chengdu" title="Chengdu">Chengdu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a>, China</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></td> <td>First light 10 December 2019<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/GREGOR" class="mw-redirect" title="GREGOR">GREGOR</a>, <a href="/wiki/Teide_Observatory" title="Teide Observatory">Teide Observatory</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Solar_Telescope_GREGOR.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Solar_Telescope_GREGOR.jpg/80px-Solar_Telescope_GREGOR.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Solar_Telescope_GREGOR.jpg/120px-Solar_Telescope_GREGOR.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Solar_Telescope_GREGOR.jpg/160px-Solar_Telescope_GREGOR.jpg 2x" data-file-width="682" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span></td> <td>150 cm</td> <td>2012–</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tenerife" title="Tenerife">Tenerife</a>, Spain</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Goode_Solar_Telescope" title="Goode Solar Telescope">Goode Solar Telescope</a> (GST), <a href="/wiki/Big_Bear_Solar_Observatory" title="Big Bear Solar Observatory">Big Bear Solar Observatory</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:GST_dome.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/GST_dome.jpg/80px-GST_dome.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/GST_dome.jpg/120px-GST_dome.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/GST_dome.jpg/160px-GST_dome.jpg 2x" data-file-width="517" data-file-height="750" /></a></span></td> <td>160 cm</td> <td>2008–</td> <td><a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>, United States</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 2x" data-file-width="69" data-file-height="39" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>New Vacuum Solar Telescope (NVST), <a href="/wiki/Yunnan_Astronomical_Observatory" title="Yunnan Astronomical Observatory">Yunnan Astronomical Observatory</a></td> <td></td> <td>100 cm</td> <td>2010–</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yunnan" title="Yunnan">Yunnan</a>, China</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></td> <td>100 cm vacuum solar telescope<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Andrei Severny Tower Solar Telescope, <a href="/wiki/Crimean_Astrophysical_Observatory" title="Crimean Astrophysical Observatory">Crimean Astrophysical Observatory</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BST1-CrAO_Crimea_Ukraine.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/BST1-CrAO_Crimea_Ukraine.JPG/80px-BST1-CrAO_Crimea_Ukraine.JPG" decoding="async" width="80" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/BST1-CrAO_Crimea_Ukraine.JPG/120px-BST1-CrAO_Crimea_Ukraine.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/BST1-CrAO_Crimea_Ukraine.JPG/160px-BST1-CrAO_Crimea_Ukraine.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1232" data-file-height="1840" /></a></span></td> <td>90 cm</td> <td>1954–</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Crimea" title="Crimea">Crimea</a></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Multi-Purpose Automated Solar Telescope, Sayan Solar Observatory</td> <td></td> <td>80 cm</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mondy,_Republic_of_Buryatia" title="Mondy, Republic of Buryatia">Mondy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buryatia" title="Buryatia">Republic of Buryatia</a>, Russia</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></td> <td>Located in the mountains at 2000m altitude.<sup id="cite_ref-en.iszf.irk.ru_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-en.iszf.irk.ru-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Large Solar Vakuum Telescope, Baikal Astrophysical Observatory</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF_(%D0%91%D0%A1%D0%92%D0%A2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF_%28%D0%91%D0%A1%D0%92%D0%A2%29.jpg/80px-%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF_%28%D0%91%D0%A1%D0%92%D0%A2%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="53" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF_%28%D0%91%D0%A1%D0%92%D0%A2%29.jpg/120px-%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF_%28%D0%91%D0%A1%D0%92%D0%A2%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF_%28%D0%91%D0%A1%D0%92%D0%A2%29.jpg/160px-%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF_%28%D0%91%D0%A1%D0%92%D0%A2%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1152" data-file-height="767" /></a></span></td> <td>76 cm</td> <td>1980–</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Irkutsk_Oblast" title="Irkutsk Oblast">Irkutsk Oblast</a>, Russia</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></td> <td>Located on the Coast of <a href="/wiki/Lake_Baikal" title="Lake Baikal">Lake Baikal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-en.iszf.irk.ru_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-en.iszf.irk.ru-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Optical and Near-Infrared Solar Eruption Tracer (ONSET), School of Astronomy & Space Science, <a href="/wiki/Nanjing_University" title="Nanjing University">Nanjing University</a></td> <td></td> <td data-sort-value="27.5">3x27,5 cm</td> <td>2010–</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing">Nanjing</a>, China</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></td> <td>The ONSET consists of four tubes: (1) a near-infrared vacuum tube, with an aperture of 27.5 cm, (2) a chromospheric vacuum tube, with an aperture of 27.5 cm, (3) a WL vacuum tube, with an aperture of 20 cm and (4) a guiding tube.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bulgarian 15-cm Solar Coronagraph,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Rozhen_Observatory" title="Rozhen Observatory">Rozhen National Astronomical Observatory Bulgaria</a></td> <td></td> <td>100 cm</td> <td>2005–</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rozhen,_Bulgaria" title="Rozhen, Bulgaria">Rozhen</a>, Bulgaria</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Solar_Telescope" title="Swedish Solar Telescope">Swedish Solar Telescope</a> (SST), <a href="/wiki/Roque_de_los_Muchachos_Observatory" title="Roque de los Muchachos Observatory">Roque de los Muchachos Observatory</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Swedish_Solar_Telescope.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Swedish_Solar_Telescope.jpg/80px-Swedish_Solar_Telescope.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Swedish_Solar_Telescope.jpg/120px-Swedish_Solar_Telescope.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Swedish_Solar_Telescope.jpg/160px-Swedish_Solar_Telescope.jpg 2x" data-file-width="685" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span></td> <td>100 cm</td> <td>2002–</td> <td><a href="/wiki/La_Palma" title="La Palma">La Palma</a>, Spain</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Prairie View Solar Observatory (PVSO)<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PVSO_Dome.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/PVSO_Dome.jpg/80px-PVSO_Dome.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="64" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/PVSO_Dome.jpg/120px-PVSO_Dome.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/PVSO_Dome.jpg/160px-PVSO_Dome.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="482" /></a></span></td> <td>35 cm</td> <td>1999–</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a>, United States</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 2x" data-file-width="69" data-file-height="39" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.hao.ucar.edu/mlso/instruments/upgraded-coronal-multi-channel-polarimeter-ucomp">Upgraded Coronal Multi-Channel Polarimeter (UCOMP) </a></td> <td></td> <td>20 cm</td> <td>2021–</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mauna_Loa" title="Mauna Loa">Mauna Loa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a>, United States</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 2x" data-file-width="69" data-file-height="39" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.hao.ucar.edu/mlso/instruments/mlso-kcor-coronagraph">K-Coronagraph (K-COR)</a></td> <td></td> <td>20 cm</td> <td>2013–</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mauna_Loa" title="Mauna Loa">Mauna Loa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a>, United States</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 2x" data-file-width="69" data-file-height="39" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Open_Telescope" title="Dutch Open Telescope">Dutch Open Telescope</a> (DOT), <a href="/wiki/Roque_de_los_Muchachos_Observatory" title="Roque de los Muchachos Observatory">Roque de los Muchachos Observatory</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dutch_Open_Telescope_dome_closed.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Dutch_Open_Telescope_dome_closed.jpg/80px-Dutch_Open_Telescope_dome_closed.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Dutch_Open_Telescope_dome_closed.jpg/120px-Dutch_Open_Telescope_dome_closed.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Dutch_Open_Telescope_dome_closed.jpg/160px-Dutch_Open_Telescope_dome_closed.jpg 2x" data-file-width="938" data-file-height="1622" /></a></span></td> <td>45 cm</td> <td>1997–</td> <td><a href="/wiki/La_Palma" title="La Palma">La Palma</a>, Spain</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>THÉMIS Solar Telescope, <a href="/wiki/Teide_Observatory" title="Teide Observatory">Teide Observatory</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Teide_Observatorium_THEMIS.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Teide_Observatorium_THEMIS.jpg/80px-Teide_Observatorium_THEMIS.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Teide_Observatorium_THEMIS.jpg/120px-Teide_Observatorium_THEMIS.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Teide_Observatorium_THEMIS.jpg/160px-Teide_Observatorium_THEMIS.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1672" data-file-height="1696" /></a></span></td> <td>90 cm</td> <td>1996–</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tenerife" title="Tenerife">Tenerife</a>, Spain</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> and <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Vacuum_Tower_Telescope" title="Vacuum Tower Telescope">Vacuum Tower Telescope</a> (VTT), <a href="/wiki/Teide_Observatory" title="Teide Observatory">Teide Observatory</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Teide_Observatorium_VTT.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Teide_Observatorium_VTT.jpg/80px-Teide_Observatorium_VTT.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Teide_Observatorium_VTT.jpg/120px-Teide_Observatorium_VTT.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Teide_Observatorium_VTT.jpg/160px-Teide_Observatorium_VTT.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2848" data-file-height="2436" /></a></span></td> <td>70 cm</td> <td>1989–</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tenerife" title="Tenerife">Tenerife</a>, Spain</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%AC%E9%83%BD%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E7%A7%91%E9%99%84%E5%B1%9E%E9%A3%9B%E9%A8%A8%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%8F%B0" class="extiw" title="ja:京都大学大学院理学研究科附属飛騨天文台">Hida Domeless Solar Telescope</a> (ja)</td> <td></td> <td>60 cm</td> <td>1979–</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Takayama,_Gifu" title="Takayama, Gifu">Takayama, Gifu</a>, Japan</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Udaipur_Solar_Observatory" title="Udaipur Solar Observatory">Udaipur Solar Observatory</a><br />MAST<br />Full Disk H-alpha Telescope<br />H-alpha Spar Telescope<br />Coudé Telescope</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Udaipur_observatory.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Udaipur_observatory.jpg/80px-Udaipur_observatory.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="55" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Udaipur_observatory.jpg/120px-Udaipur_observatory.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Udaipur_observatory.jpg/160px-Udaipur_observatory.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1056" data-file-height="725" /></a></span></td> <td><br />50 cm<br />15 cm<br />25 cm<br />15 cm</td> <td>1976–</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Udaipur" title="Udaipur">Udaipur</a>, India</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Richard_B._Dunn_Solar_Telescope" title="Richard B. Dunn Solar Telescope">Richard B. Dunn Solar Telescope</a> (DST), <a href="/wiki/Sacramento_Peak" class="mw-redirect" title="Sacramento Peak">Sacramento Peak</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:National_solar_observatory.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/National_solar_observatory.jpg/80px-National_solar_observatory.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/National_solar_observatory.jpg/120px-National_solar_observatory.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/National_solar_observatory.jpg/160px-National_solar_observatory.jpg 2x" data-file-width="322" data-file-height="320" /></a></span></td> <td>76 cm</td> <td>1969–</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sunspot_Solar_Observatory" title="Sunspot Solar Observatory">Sunspot Solar Observatory</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sunspot,_New_Mexico" title="Sunspot, New Mexico">Sunspot, New Mexico</a>, United States</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 2x" data-file-width="69" data-file-height="39" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Solar_Observatory_Tower_Meudon" title="Solar Observatory Tower Meudon">Solar Observatory Tower Meudon</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Solar_Observatory_Tower_Meudon_Spectrograph.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Solar_Observatory_Tower_Meudon_Spectrograph.jpeg/30px-Solar_Observatory_Tower_Meudon_Spectrograph.jpeg" decoding="async" width="30" height="61" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Solar_Observatory_Tower_Meudon_Spectrograph.jpeg/45px-Solar_Observatory_Tower_Meudon_Spectrograph.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Solar_Observatory_Tower_Meudon_Spectrograph.jpeg/60px-Solar_Observatory_Tower_Meudon_Spectrograph.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="856" data-file-height="1731" /></a></span></td> <td>60 cm</td> <td>1968–</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Meudon" title="Meudon">Meudon</a>, France</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/McMath%E2%80%93Pierce_solar_telescope" title="McMath–Pierce solar telescope">McMath–Pierce solar telescope</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kitt_Peak_National_Observatory" title="Kitt Peak National Observatory">KPO</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:McMath-Pierce_Solar_Telescope.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/McMath-Pierce_Solar_Telescope.jpg/80px-McMath-Pierce_Solar_Telescope.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="48" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/McMath-Pierce_Solar_Telescope.jpg/120px-McMath-Pierce_Solar_Telescope.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/McMath-Pierce_Solar_Telescope.jpg/160px-McMath-Pierce_Solar_Telescope.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></td> <td>161 cm</td> <td>1961–</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">Arizona</a>, United States</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 2x" data-file-width="69" data-file-height="39" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></td> <td>Largest aperture optical and infrared solar telescope for nearly six decades </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Aryabhatta_Research_Institute_of_Observational_Sciences" title="Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences">ARIES Observatory</a></td> <td></td> <td>15 cm</td> <td>1961–</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nainital" title="Nainital">Nainital</a>, India</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Solar Tunnel Telescope, <a href="/wiki/Kodaikanal_Solar_Observatory" title="Kodaikanal Solar Observatory">Kodaikanal Solar Observatory</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kodaikanal_Solar_Observatory-b.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Kodaikanal_Solar_Observatory-b.jpg/80px-Kodaikanal_Solar_Observatory-b.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Kodaikanal_Solar_Observatory-b.jpg/120px-Kodaikanal_Solar_Observatory-b.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Kodaikanal_Solar_Observatory-b.jpg/160px-Kodaikanal_Solar_Observatory-b.jpg 2x" data-file-width="718" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td> <td>61 cm (24 in)</td> <td>1958–</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kodaikanal" title="Kodaikanal">Kodaikanal</a>, India</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>45-cm-Turmteleskop</td> <td></td> <td>45 cm</td> <td>1943–</td> <td>Schauinsland, Germany</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.irsol.ch">Gregory Coudé Telescope</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:IRSOL_observatory.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/IRSOL_observatory.jpg/80px-IRSOL_observatory.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="58" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/IRSOL_observatory.jpg/120px-IRSOL_observatory.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/IRSOL_observatory.jpg/160px-IRSOL_observatory.jpg 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="216" /></a></span></td> <td>45 cm</td> <td>1959-</td> <td>Locarno, Switzerland</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/15px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a></td> <td>Operated by the Universitäts-Sternwarte Göttingen until 1984 and by <a href="/wiki/IRSOL" class="mw-redirect" title="IRSOL">IRSOL</a> after 1984. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Solar Tower Telescope by Zeiss</td> <td></td> <td>45 cm</td> <td>1930–</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a>, Japan</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Einstein_Tower" title="Einstein Tower">Einsteinturm</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Einsteinturm_7443.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Einsteinturm_7443.jpg/60px-Einsteinturm_7443.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Einsteinturm_7443.jpg/90px-Einsteinturm_7443.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Einsteinturm_7443.jpg/120px-Einsteinturm_7443.jpg 2x" data-file-width="819" data-file-height="614" /></a></span></td> <td>60 cm</td> <td>1924–</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam">Potsdam</a>, Germany</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>150-foot tower, <a href="/wiki/Mount_Wilson_Observatory" title="Mount Wilson Observatory">Mount Wilson Observatory</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_150-Foot_Solar_Tower_Observatory_on_Mt._Wilson_as_seen_from_near_the_base.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/The_150-Foot_Solar_Tower_Observatory_on_Mt._Wilson_as_seen_from_near_the_base.jpg/80px-The_150-Foot_Solar_Tower_Observatory_on_Mt._Wilson_as_seen_from_near_the_base.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/The_150-Foot_Solar_Tower_Observatory_on_Mt._Wilson_as_seen_from_near_the_base.jpg/120px-The_150-Foot_Solar_Tower_Observatory_on_Mt._Wilson_as_seen_from_near_the_base.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/The_150-Foot_Solar_Tower_Observatory_on_Mt._Wilson_as_seen_from_near_the_base.jpg/160px-The_150-Foot_Solar_Tower_Observatory_on_Mt._Wilson_as_seen_from_near_the_base.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2160" data-file-height="3351" /></a></span></td> <td>35 cm (24")</td> <td>1912–</td> <td><a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>, United States</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 2x" data-file-width="69" data-file-height="39" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-bbso_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbso-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Snow_Solar_Telescope" title="Snow Solar Telescope">Snow Solar Telescope</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mount_Wilson_Observatory" title="Mount Wilson Observatory">Mount Wilson Observatory</a></td> <td></td> <td>61 cm (24")</td> <td>1904–</td> <td><a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>, United States</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 2x" data-file-width="69" data-file-height="39" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></td> <td>First <a href="/wiki/Solar_tower_(astronomy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Solar tower (astronomy)">solar telescope</a><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Lerebour/Grubb-Parsons, <a href="/wiki/Kodaikanal_Solar_Observatory" title="Kodaikanal Solar Observatory">Kodaikanal Solar Observatory</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kodaikanal_Solar_Observatory-a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Kodaikanal_Solar_Observatory-a.jpg/80px-Kodaikanal_Solar_Observatory-a.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="57" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Kodaikanal_Solar_Observatory-a.jpg/120px-Kodaikanal_Solar_Observatory-a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Kodaikanal_Solar_Observatory-a.jpg/160px-Kodaikanal_Solar_Observatory-a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="733" data-file-height="519" /></a></span></td> <td>20 cm</td> <td>1901–</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kodaikanal" title="Kodaikanal">Kodaikanal</a>, India</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> (1947- )<br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> (1901–1950)</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solar-T&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Solar-T (page does not exist)">Solar-T</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar-T" class="extiw" title="pt:Solar-T">pt</a>]</span></td> <td></td> <td data-sort-value="7.6">2x7.6 cm</td> <td>2016</td> <td>Antarctica</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Vacuum_Solar_Telescope" title="Swedish Vacuum Solar Telescope">Swedish Vacuum Solar Telescope</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roque_de_los_Muchachos_Observatory" title="Roque de los Muchachos Observatory">Roque de los Muchachos Observatory</a></td> <td></td> <td>47.5 cm</td> <td>1985–2000</td> <td><a href="/wiki/La_Palma" title="La Palma">La Palma</a>, Spain</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a></td> <td>Replaced by the <a href="/wiki/Swedish_Solar_Telescope" title="Swedish Solar Telescope">SST</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Gregory Coude Telescope (GCT)</td> <td></td> <td>45 cm<sup id="cite_ref-bbso_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbso-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>1984–2002</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tenerife" title="Tenerife">Tenerife</a>, Spain (1984–2002)</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></td> <td>Replaced by <a href="/wiki/GREGOR" class="mw-redirect" title="GREGOR">GREGOR</a><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bbso_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbso-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Evans Solar Facility (ESF), <a href="/wiki/Sacramento_Peak" class="mw-redirect" title="Sacramento Peak">Sacramento Peak</a></td> <td></td> <td>40 cm</td> <td>1953–2014</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sunspot_Solar_Observatory" title="Sunspot Solar Observatory">Sunspot Solar Observatory</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sunspot,_New_Mexico" title="Sunspot, New Mexico">Sunspot, New Mexico</a>, United States</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 2x" data-file-width="69" data-file-height="39" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Göttinger Sonnenturm (Solar Tower Telescope)</td> <td></td> <td data-sort-value="15">2x15 cm<br />11 cm</td> <td>1942–2004</td> <td><a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6ttingen" title="Göttingen">Göttingen</a>, Germany</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></td> <td>65 cm-Coelostat by Zeiss, feeding light into several small light paths in tower </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/McMath-Hulbert_Observatory" class="mw-redirect" title="McMath-Hulbert Observatory">McMath-Hulbert Observatory</a></td> <td></td> <td>61 cm (24")</td> <td>1941–1979</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a>, United States</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 2x" data-file-width="69" data-file-height="39" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></td> <td>Replaced the 10.5in in 1941 </td></tr> <tr> <td>50-foot tower, McMath-Hulbert Observatory</td> <td></td> <td>40 cm</td> <td>1936–1979</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a>, United States</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 2x" data-file-width="69" data-file-height="39" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>10.5 inch, McMath-Hulbert Observatory</td> <td></td> <td>26.7 cm (10.5")</td> <td>1930–1941</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a>, United States</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 2x" data-file-width="69" data-file-height="39" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></td> <td>Replaced by the 24 inch in 1941 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Arcetri Solar Tower, <a href="/wiki/Arcetri_Observatory" title="Arcetri Observatory">Arcetri Observatory</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Osservatorio_di_arcetri,_telescopio_01.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Osservatorio_di_arcetri%2C_telescopio_01.JPG/80px-Osservatorio_di_arcetri%2C_telescopio_01.JPG" decoding="async" width="80" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Osservatorio_di_arcetri%2C_telescopio_01.JPG/120px-Osservatorio_di_arcetri%2C_telescopio_01.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Osservatorio_di_arcetri%2C_telescopio_01.JPG/160px-Osservatorio_di_arcetri%2C_telescopio_01.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a></span></td> <td>37 cm</td> <td>1925-2006</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arcetri" title="Arcetri">Arcetri</a>, Italy</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></td> <td> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>Telescopes for the Sun have existed for hundreds of years, this list is not complete and only goes back to 1900. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Potential_future_optical_telescopes">Potential future optical telescopes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_solar_telescopes&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Potential future optical telescopes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:95%;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Name/Observatory </th> <th class="unsortable">Image </th> <th data-sort-type="number">Aperture d. </th> <th>Status </th> <th>Location </th> <th>Country(s) </th> <th class="unsortable">Note </th></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.hao.ucar.edu/cosmo">Coronal Solar Magnetism Observatory (COSMO)</a></td> <td></td> <td>150 cm</td> <td>proposed</td> <td></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 2x" data-file-width="69" data-file-height="39" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/National_Large_Solar_Telescope" title="National Large Solar Telescope">National Large Solar Telescope</a> (NLST)</td> <td></td> <td>200 cm</td> <td>proposed<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Merak Village, <a href="/wiki/Ladakh" title="Ladakh">Ladakh</a>, India</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Giant_Solar_Telescope" title="Chinese Giant Solar Telescope">Chinese Giant Solar Telescope</a> (CGST)</td> <td></td> <td>500–800 cm</td> <td>planned</td> <td>Western part of China</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/European_Solar_Telescope" title="European Solar Telescope">European Solar Telescope</a> (EST)</td> <td></td> <td>400+ cm</td> <td>planned</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Canary_Islands" title="Canary Islands">Canary Islands</a></td> <td>15 European countries<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Radio_telescopes">Radio telescopes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_solar_telescopes&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Radio telescopes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:95%;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Name/Observatory </th> <th class="unsortable">Image </th> <th data-sort-type="number"><a href="/wiki/Frequency_range" class="mw-redirect" title="Frequency range">Frequency range</a> </th> <th>Year(s) </th> <th>Location </th> <th>Country(s) </th> <th class="unsortable">Note(s) </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinese_Spectral_Radioheliograph&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chinese Spectral Radioheliograph (page does not exist)">Chinese Spectral Radioheliograph</a> (CSRH)</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CSRH.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/CSRH.png/80px-CSRH.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/CSRH.png/120px-CSRH.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/CSRH.png/160px-CSRH.png 2x" data-file-width="1452" data-file-height="608" /></a></span></td> <td>0.4 - 2.0 Ghz<br />2.0 - 15 GHz</td> <td>2013 -</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Inner_Mongolia" title="Inner Mongolia">Inner Mongolia</a>, China</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></td> <td> <p>40x 4.5m dishes - low freq band </p><p>60x 2m dishes - high freq band </p><p>Radio imaging-spectroscopy observations of the Sun in decimetric and centimetric wavelengths<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Nançay Radioheliographe (NRH), <a href="/wiki/Nan%C3%A7ay_Radio_Observatory" title="Nançay Radio Observatory">Nançay Radio Observatory</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nan%C3%A7ay_RH_Est.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Nan%C3%A7ay_RH_Est.jpg/80px-Nan%C3%A7ay_RH_Est.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="43" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Nan%C3%A7ay_RH_Est.jpg/120px-Nan%C3%A7ay_RH_Est.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Nan%C3%A7ay_RH_Est.jpg/160px-Nan%C3%A7ay_RH_Est.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1936" data-file-height="1039" /></a></span></td> <td data-sort-value="0.15">150–450 MHz</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sologne" title="Sologne">Sologne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Centre-Val_de_Loire" title="Centre-Val de Loire">Centre-Val de Loire</a>, France</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Expanded_Owens_Valley_Solar_Array" class="mw-redirect" title="Expanded Owens Valley Solar Array">Expanded Owens Valley Solar Array</a> (EOVSA)</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:OVSA2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/OVSA2.jpg/80px-OVSA2.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/OVSA2.jpg/120px-OVSA2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/OVSA2.jpg/160px-OVSA2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="359" data-file-height="268" /></a></span></td> <td>1–18 GHz</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sologne" title="Sologne">Sologne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Centre-Val_de_Loire" title="Centre-Val de Loire">Centre-Val de Loire</a>, France</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></td> <td>Previously known as the Owens Valley Solar Array (OVSA) before getting an expansion to upgrade its control system and increase the total number of antennas to 15.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Nobeyama Radioheliograph (NoRH), <a href="/wiki/Nobeyama_Radio_Observatory" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobeyama Radio Observatory">Nobeyama Radio Observatory</a></td> <td></td> <td>17 and 34 GHz</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Minamimaki" class="mw-redirect" title="Minamimaki">Minamimaki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nagano_Prefecture" title="Nagano Prefecture">Nagano Prefecture</a>, Japan</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Nobeyama Radio Polarimeters, <a href="/wiki/Nobeyama_Radio_Observatory" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobeyama Radio Observatory">Nobeyama Radio Observatory</a></td> <td></td> <td data-sort-value="1">1, 2, 3.75, 9.4, 17, 35, and 80 GHz</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Minamimaki" class="mw-redirect" title="Minamimaki">Minamimaki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nagano_Prefecture" title="Nagano Prefecture">Nagano Prefecture</a>, Japan</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Siberian_Solar_Radio_Telescope" title="Siberian Solar Radio Telescope">Siberian Solar Radio Telescope</a> (SSRT)</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:East_Sayan_Mountains._The_Siberian_Solar_Radio_Telescope..jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/East_Sayan_Mountains._The_Siberian_Solar_Radio_Telescope..jpg/80px-East_Sayan_Mountains._The_Siberian_Solar_Radio_Telescope..jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/East_Sayan_Mountains._The_Siberian_Solar_Radio_Telescope..jpg/120px-East_Sayan_Mountains._The_Siberian_Solar_Radio_Telescope..jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/East_Sayan_Mountains._The_Siberian_Solar_Radio_Telescope..jpg/160px-East_Sayan_Mountains._The_Siberian_Solar_Radio_Telescope..jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="459" /></a></span></td> <td></td> <td>1983–</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Buryatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Buryatia">Republic of Buryatia</a>, Russia</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Solar_Submillimeter_Telescope" title="Solar Submillimeter Telescope">Solar Submillimeter Telescope</a> (SST), <a href="/wiki/Complejo_Astronomico_El_Leoncito" class="mw-redirect" title="Complejo Astronomico El Leoncito">Complejo Astronomico El Leoncito</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SST_with_open_radome.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/SST_with_open_radome.jpg/80px-SST_with_open_radome.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/SST_with_open_radome.jpg/120px-SST_with_open_radome.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/SST_with_open_radome.jpg/160px-SST_with_open_radome.jpg 2x" data-file-width="708" data-file-height="944" /></a></span></td> <td>212 and 405 GHz</td> <td>1999–</td> <td><a href="/wiki/San_Juan_Province,_Argentina" title="San Juan Province, Argentina">San Juan Province</a>, Argentina</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a></td> <td>SST is the only solar submillimeter telescope currently in operation.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/POlarization_Emission_of_Millimeter_Activity_at_the_Sun" title="POlarization Emission of Millimeter Activity at the Sun">Polarization Emission of Millimeter Activity at the Sun</a> (POEMAS), <a href="/wiki/Complejo_Astronomico_El_Leoncito" class="mw-redirect" title="Complejo Astronomico El Leoncito">Complejo Astronomico El Leoncito</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:POlarization_Emission_of_Millimeter_Activity_at_the_Sun.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/POlarization_Emission_of_Millimeter_Activity_at_the_Sun.jpg/80px-POlarization_Emission_of_Millimeter_Activity_at_the_Sun.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/POlarization_Emission_of_Millimeter_Activity_at_the_Sun.jpg/120px-POlarization_Emission_of_Millimeter_Activity_at_the_Sun.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/POlarization_Emission_of_Millimeter_Activity_at_the_Sun.jpg/160px-POlarization_Emission_of_Millimeter_Activity_at_the_Sun.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></td> <td>45 and 90 GHz</td> <td>2011–</td> <td><a href="/wiki/San_Juan_Province,_Argentina" title="San Juan Province, Argentina">San Juan Province</a>, Argentina</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bleien_Radio_Observatory" title="Bleien Radio Observatory">Bleien Radio Observatory</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bleien.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Bleien.JPG/80px-Bleien.JPG" decoding="async" width="80" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Bleien.JPG/120px-Bleien.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Bleien.JPG/160px-Bleien.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2112" data-file-height="2816" /></a></span></td> <td data-sort-value="0.01">10 MHz–5 GHz</td> <td>1979–</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%A4nichen" title="Gränichen">Gränichen</a>, Switzerland</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/15px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-Radioastronomy_FHNW_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Radioastronomy_FHNW-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Radio_Solar_Telescope_Network" title="Radio Solar Telescope Network">Radio Solar Telescope Network</a> (RSTN)</td> <td></td> <td data-sort-value="0.245">245, 410, 610, 1415, 2695, 4975, 8800 and 15400 MHz</td> <td></td> <td>Australia; Italy; <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a>, United States</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>, <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>, and <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 2x" data-file-width="69" data-file-height="39" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></td> <td>A series of four radio telescopes located at various locations around the world.<sup id="cite_ref-Radioastronomy_FHNW_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Radioastronomy_FHNW-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Daocheng_Solar_Radio_Telescope" title="Daocheng Solar Radio Telescope">Daocheng Solar Radio Telescope</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DSRT2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/DSRT2.jpg/80px-DSRT2.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/DSRT2.jpg/120px-DSRT2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/DSRT2.jpg/160px-DSRT2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2047" data-file-height="1389" /></a></span> </td> <td>150-450 MHz </td> <td>2023- </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sichuan_province" class="mw-redirect" title="Sichuan province">Sichuan province</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> </td> <td>313 parabolic antennas for detection of coronal mass ejection events. Operations started in 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mingantu_interplanetary_scintillation_telescope&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mingantu interplanetary scintillation telescope (page does not exist)">Mingantu interplanetary scintillation telescope</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>327 MHz and 654 MHz </td> <td>2023- </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Inner_Mongolia" title="Inner Mongolia">Inner Mongolia</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Interplanetary_scintillation" title="Interplanetary scintillation">interplanetary scintillation</a> telescope, consists of three rotatable cylindrical antennas (140 metres by 40 metres each).<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Space_Telescopes">Space Telescopes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_solar_telescopes&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Space Telescopes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Solar Space Telescopes are part of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_heliophysics_missions" title="List of heliophysics missions">List of heliophysics missions</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_types_of_solar_telescopes">Other types of solar telescopes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_solar_telescopes&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Other types of solar telescopes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are much smaller commercial and/or amateur telescopes such as <i>Coronado Filters</i> from founder and designer David Lunt, bought by <a href="/wiki/Meade_Instruments" title="Meade Instruments">Meade Instruments</a> in 2004 and sells SolarMax solar telescopes up to 8 cm<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Most <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?mid=1aM4LIIUcTXmsLwtPaIBH5go0r98&ll=-4.142631483693813%2C0&z=1">solar observatories</a> observe optically at visible, UV, and near infrared wavelengths, but other things can be observed. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CERN_Axion_Solar_Telescope" title="CERN Axion Solar Telescope">CERN Axion Solar Telescope</a> (CAST), looks for solar <a href="/wiki/Axions" class="mw-redirect" title="Axions">axions</a> from the early 2000s onwards</li> <li>Multi-spectral solar telescope array (<a href="/wiki/MSSTA" title="MSSTA">MSSTA</a>), a rocket launched payload of UV telescopes in the 1990s</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leoncito_Astronomical_Complex" title="Leoncito Astronomical Complex">Leoncito Astronomical Complex</a>, has a submillimeter wavelength solar telescope.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Razdow_Telescope" title="Razdow Telescope">Razdow Telescope</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_solar_telescopes&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bbso.njit.edu/newtelescope/large.html">BBSO List of large solar telescopes by aperture</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_solar_telescopes&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Solar_tower_(astronomy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Solar tower (astronomy)">Solar tower (astronomy)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_telescopes" title="Lists of telescopes">Lists of telescopes</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_solar_telescopes&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist 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<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heliophysics_missions" title="List of heliophysics missions">List of heliophysics missions</a> - <a class="mw-selflink selflink">List of solar telescopes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Composition_Explorer" title="Advanced Composition Explorer">ACE</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 1997)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aditya-L1" title="Aditya-L1">Aditya-L1</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2023)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Space-based_Solar_Observatory" title="Advanced Space-based Solar Observatory">ASO-S</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2022)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_H-alpha_Solar_Explorer" title="Chinese H-alpha Solar Explorer">CHASE (Xihe)</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2021)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_Space_Climate_Observatory" title="Deep Space Climate Observatory">DSCOVR</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2015)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinode_(satellite)" title="Hinode (satellite)">Hinode (Solar-B)</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2006)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interface_Region_Imaging_Spectrograph" title="Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph">IRIS</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2013)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parker_Solar_Probe" title="Parker Solar Probe">Parker Solar Probe</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2018)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_and_Heliospheric_Observatory" title="Solar and Heliospheric Observatory">Solar and Heliospheric Observatory</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 1995)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_Dynamics_Observatory" title="Solar Dynamics Observatory">Solar Dynamics Observatory</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2010)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_Orbiter" title="Solar Orbiter">Solar Orbiter</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2020)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STEREO" title="STEREO">STEREO</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2006)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_(spacecraft)" title="Wind (spacecraft)"><i>Wind</i></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 1994)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Past</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_Telescope_Mount" title="Apollo Telescope Mount">Apollo Telescope Mount</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CORONAS_programme#CORONAS-I" title="CORONAS programme">CORONAS-I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CORONAS_programme#CORONAS-F" title="CORONAS programme">CORONAS-F</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koronas-Foton" title="Koronas-Foton">CORONAS-Photon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Retrievable_Carrier" title="European Retrievable Carrier">EURECA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ESRO_2B" title="ESRO 2B">ESRO 2B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genesis_(spacecraft)" title="Genesis (spacecraft)"><i>Genesis</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GOES_13" title="GOES 13">GOES 13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helios_(spacecraft)" title="Helios (spacecraft)"><i>Helios</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinotori_(satellite)" title="Hinotori (satellite)">Hinotori (Astro-A)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_50" title="Explorer 50">IMP-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISEE-1" title="ISEE-1">ISEE-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISEE-2" title="ISEE-2">ISEE-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Cometary_Explorer" title="International Cometary Explorer">ICE / ISEE-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miniature_X-ray_Solar_Spectrometer_CubeSat" title="Miniature X-ray Solar Spectrometer CubeSat">MinXSS1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miniature_X-ray_Solar_Spectrometer_CubeSat" title="Miniature X-ray Solar Spectrometer CubeSat">MinXSS2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbiting_Solar_Observatory" title="Orbiting Solar Observatory">Orbiting Solar Observatory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/OSO_1" class="mw-redirect" title="OSO 1">OSO 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSO_2" class="mw-redirect" title="OSO 2">OSO 2</a>/<a href="/wiki/OSO_B" class="mw-redirect" title="OSO B">OSO B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSO_3" title="OSO 3">OSO 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSO_4" class="mw-redirect" title="OSO 4">OSO 4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSO_5" class="mw-redirect" title="OSO 5">OSO 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSO_6" class="mw-redirect" title="OSO 6">OSO 6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSO_7" title="OSO 7">OSO 7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSO_8" class="mw-redirect" title="OSO 8">OSO 8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solwind" title="Solwind">Solwind</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picard_(satellite)" title="Picard (satellite)">PICARD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_5" title="Pioneer 5">Pioneer 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_6,_7,_8,_and_9" title="Pioneer 6, 7, 8, and 9">Pioneer 6, 7, 8 and 9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PROBA-2" title="PROBA-2">PROBA-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prognoz_(satellite)" class="mw-redirect" title="Prognoz (satellite)">Prognoz programme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reuven_Ramaty_High_Energy_Solar_Spectroscopic_Imager" title="Reuven Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager">RHESSI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SOLAR_(ISS)" title="SOLAR (ISS)">SOLAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_Maximum_Mission" title="Solar Maximum Mission">SolarMax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-87#SPARTAN-201" title="STS-87">Spartan 201</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_Radiation_and_Thermospheric_Satellite" title="Solar Radiation and Thermospheric Satellite">Taiyo (SRATS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TRACE" title="TRACE">TRACE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulysses_(spacecraft)" title="Ulysses (spacecraft)"><i>Ulysses</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yohkoh" title="Yohkoh">Yohkoh (Solar-A)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Planned</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PROBA-3" title="PROBA-3">PROBA-3</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2024)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electrojet_Zeeman_Imaging_Explorer" title="Electrojet Zeeman Imaging Explorer">Electrojet Zeeman Imaging Explorer</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2025)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polarimeter_to_Unify_the_Corona_and_Heliosphere" title="Polarimeter to Unify the Corona and Heliosphere">PUNCH</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2025)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Weather_Follow_On-Lagrange_1" title="Space Weather Follow On-Lagrange 1">SWFO-L1</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2025)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tandem_Reconnection_and_Cusp_Electrodynamics_Reconnaissance_Satellites" title="Tandem Reconnection and Cusp Electrodynamics Reconnaissance Satellites">TRACERS</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2025)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SOLAR-C" title="SOLAR-C">SOLAR-C</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2028)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HelioSwarm" title="HelioSwarm">HelioSwarm</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2028)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ESA_Vigil" title="ESA Vigil"><i>Vigil</i></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2031)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Proposed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ADAHELI" title="ADAHELI">ADAHELI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science-Enabling_Technologies_for_Heliophysics" title="Science-Enabling Technologies for Heliophysics">SETH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sundiver_(space_mission)" title="Sundiver (space mission)">Sundiver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galileo_Solar_Space_Telescope" title="Galileo Solar Space Telescope">GSST</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cancelled</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AOSO" class="mw-redirect" title="AOSO">AOSO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_H" title="Pioneer H">Pioneer H</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbiting_Solar_Observatory" title="Orbiting Solar Observatory">OSO J</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbiting_Solar_Observatory" title="Orbiting Solar Observatory">OSO K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_Cruiser" title="Solar Cruiser">Solar Cruiser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_Sentinels" title="Solar Sentinels">Solar Sentinels</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lost</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a 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