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window.loswp.shouldShowBulkDownload = true; window.loswp.showSignupCaptcha = false window.loswp.willEdgeCache = false; window.loswp.work = {"work":{"id":31333427,"created_at":"2017-02-09T09:45:09.552-08:00","from_world_paper_id":null,"updated_at":"2021-01-16T17:58:59.707-08:00","_data":{"abstract":"This contribution about animals and animal food was accepted in 1990 (!) as part of the publication of a fourth century site at Nijmegen. We are happy that it is published after 27 years. The data were originally published in Lauwerier 1988, Animals in Roman times in the Dutch eastern river area (Nederlandse Oudheden 12), Amersfoort.","event_date":null,"publication_date":"2016,,","publication_name":"2016f : R.C.G.M. Lauwerier: Animals and animal food in fourth-century Nijmegen, 5.3.4 in: J.H.F. Bloemers (ed.), Four approaches to the analysis of (pre-)Roman Nijmegen. Aspects of cultural evolution, acculturation, contextual function and continuity, Amersfoort (Nederlandse Oudheden 19), 194-203.","conference_end_date":null,"conference_start_date":null},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"low","language":"en","title":"2016f - Animals and animal food in fourth-century Nijmegen","broadcastable":true,"draft":false,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [8049235]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "control"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loswp.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon';</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":51719793,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “2016f - Animals and animal food in fourth-century Nijmegen”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/51719793/mini_magick20190124-13440-1big30t.png?1548373090" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/single_work_splash/adobe.icon-574afd46eb6b03a77a153a647fb47e30546f9215c0ee6a25df597a779717f9ef.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">2016f - Animals and animal food in fourth-century Nijmegen</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="8049235" href="https://cultureelerfgoed.academia.edu/RoelLauwerier"><img alt="Profile image of Roel Lauwerier" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/8049235/6394517/7234148/s65_roel.lauwerier.jpg" />Roel Lauwerier</a></div><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2016, 2016f : R.C.G.M. Lauwerier: Animals and animal food in fourth-century Nijmegen, 5.3.4 in: J.H.F. Bloemers (ed.), Four approaches to the analysis of (pre-)Roman Nijmegen. Aspects of cultural evolution, acculturation, contextual function and continuity, Amersfoort (Nederlandse Oudheden 19), 194-203.</p><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">This contribution about animals and animal food was accepted in 1990 (!) as part of the publication of a fourth century site at Nijmegen. We are happy that it is published after 27 years. The data were originally published in Lauwerier 1988, Animals in Roman times in the Dutch eastern river area (Nederlandse Oudheden 12), Amersfoort.</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":51719793,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/31333427/2016f_Animals_and_animal_food_in_fourth_century_Nijmegen"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":51719793,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/31333427/2016f_Animals_and_animal_food_in_fourth_century_Nijmegen"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div></div><div data-auto_select="false" data-client_id="331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b" data-doc_id="51719793" data-landing_url="https://www.academia.edu/31333427/2016f_Animals_and_animal_food_in_fourth_century_Nijmegen" data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><div class="ds-top-related-works--grid-container"><div class="ds-related-content--container ds-top-related-works--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="80127822" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/80127822/Animals_In_Roman_Times_In_the_Dutch_Eastern_River_Area">Animals In Roman Times In the Dutch Eastern River Area</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="8049235" href="https://cultureelerfgoed.academia.edu/RoelLauwerier">Roel Lauwerier</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">= Nederlandse Oudheden, 1988</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This archeozoological study concerns the animal remains that were found during excavations of settlements dating from Roman times Nijmegen and its surroundings. The aim of the study was to acquire detailed information about the animals, in particular as regards their function. Faunal remains from the following settlements were included in the study: native farmsteads in Ewijk and Heteren, the villa in Druten, civilian settlements in Nijmegen, military forts (castella) in Nijmegen and Meinerswijk and a camp village, belonging to such a fort, in Kesteren, the mid-Roman legionary camp (castra) and the camp valige surrounding it (canabae legionis) in Nijmegen. In addition an investigation was made of animal bones found in the Gallo-Roman tempels at Elst and a fourth-century cemetery in Nijmegen.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Animals In Roman Times In the Dutch Eastern River Area","attachmentId":116573372,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/80127822/Animals_In_Roman_Times_In_the_Dutch_Eastern_River_Area","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/80127822/Animals_In_Roman_Times_In_the_Dutch_Eastern_River_Area"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="17403736" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/17403736/Lauwerier_R_C_G_M_1988_Animals_in_Roman_times_in_the_Dutch_eastern_river_area_Nederlandse_Oudheden_12_s_Gravenhage_and_Amersfoort">Lauwerier, R.C.G.M., 1988 : Animals in Roman times in the Dutch eastern river area (Nederlandse Oudheden 12), ’s-Gravenhage & Amersfoort</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="8049235" href="https://cultureelerfgoed.academia.edu/RoelLauwerier">Roel Lauwerier</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Nederlandse Oudheden, 1988</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Lauwerier, R.C.G.M., 1988 : Animals in Roman times in the Dutch eastern river area (Nederlandse Oudheden 12), ’s-Gravenhage \u0026 Amersfoort","attachmentId":41897086,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/17403736/Lauwerier_R_C_G_M_1988_Animals_in_Roman_times_in_the_Dutch_eastern_river_area_Nederlandse_Oudheden_12_s_Gravenhage_and_Amersfoort","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/17403736/Lauwerier_R_C_G_M_1988_Animals_in_Roman_times_in_the_Dutch_eastern_river_area_Nederlandse_Oudheden_12_s_Gravenhage_and_Amersfoort"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="14122299" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14122299/1993_Twenty_eight_bird_briskets_in_a_pot_Roman_preserved_food_from_Nijmegen">1993. Twenty-eight bird briskets in a pot; Roman preserved food from Nijmegen</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="8049235" href="https://cultureelerfgoed.academia.edu/RoelLauwerier">Roel Lauwerier</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">1993b: R.C.G.M. Lauwerier: Twenty-eight bird briskets in a pot; Roman preserved food from Nijmegen, Archaeofauna 2, 15-19., 1993</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"1993. Twenty-eight bird briskets in a pot; Roman preserved food from Nijmegen","attachmentId":38209209,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/14122299/1993_Twenty_eight_bird_briskets_in_a_pot_Roman_preserved_food_from_Nijmegen","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/14122299/1993_Twenty_eight_bird_briskets_in_a_pot_Roman_preserved_food_from_Nijmegen"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="120412379" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/120412379/W_A_van_Hees_E_Esser_T_Hoogendijk_W_Van_Neer_W_Wouters_J_T_Zeiler_and_W_Prummel_2024_The_luxurious_lives_of_lords_and_ladies_Animal_remains_and_their_spatial_distribution_at_Huis_ter_Kleef_c_1250_1573_AD_NAR_082_Amersfoort">W.A. van Hees, E. Esser, T. Hoogendijk, W. Van Neer, W. Wouters, J.T. Zeiler & W. Prummel, 2024:The luxurious lives of lords and ladies. Animal remains and their spatial distribution at Huis ter Kleef (c. 1250-1573 AD). NAR 082, Amersfoort.</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32131165" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JornZeiler">Jørn Zeiler</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">The luxurious lives of lords and ladies. Animal remains and their spatial distribution at Huis ter Kleef (c. 1250-1573 AD). NAR 082, Amersfoort., 2024</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Today the castle of Huis ter Kleef, in the Dutch town of Haarlem, is a ruin. But once it was the scene of aristocratic pleasures. Game animals were hunted, falconry was indulged in, and some highly specific notions existed regarding the utilization of animals. At least 134 different species fed the lords of the castle and served their expensive pastimes. The waste, dumped at various locations throughout the complex, provides a peek into these aristocratic doings. Analysis of the site’s formation processes is key to understanding how waste was being processed and what happened at the site after the castle had been abandoned. All of this and more has emerged from this study, for which nearly 65,000 animal remains were analysed.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"W.A. van Hees, E. Esser, T. Hoogendijk, W. Van Neer, W. Wouters, J.T. Zeiler \u0026 W. Prummel, 2024:The luxurious lives of lords and ladies. Animal remains and their spatial distribution at Huis ter Kleef (c. 1250-1573 AD). NAR 082, Amersfoort.","attachmentId":115570180,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/120412379/W_A_van_Hees_E_Esser_T_Hoogendijk_W_Van_Neer_W_Wouters_J_T_Zeiler_and_W_Prummel_2024_The_luxurious_lives_of_lords_and_ladies_Animal_remains_and_their_spatial_distribution_at_Huis_ter_Kleef_c_1250_1573_AD_NAR_082_Amersfoort","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/120412379/W_A_van_Hees_E_Esser_T_Hoogendijk_W_Van_Neer_W_Wouters_J_T_Zeiler_and_W_Prummel_2024_The_luxurious_lives_of_lords_and_ladies_Animal_remains_and_their_spatial_distribution_at_Huis_ter_Kleef_c_1250_1573_AD_NAR_082_Amersfoort"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="4774492" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4774492/The_Late_Iron_Age_Roman_transformation_from_subsistence_to_surplus_production_in_animal_husbandry_in_the_Central_and_Western_parts_of_the_Netherlands">The Late Iron Age-Roman transformation from subsistence to surplus production in animal husbandry in the Central and Western parts of the Netherlands</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="822194" href="https://leidenuniv.academia.edu/JoycevanDijk">Joyce van Dijk</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="274703" href="https://fu-berlin.academia.edu/MaaikeGroot">Maaike Groot</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">, in M. Groot/D. Lentjes/J. Zeiler (eds), 2013: Barely surviving or more than enough? The environmental archaeology of subsistence, specialisation and surplus food production. Leiden: Sidestone, 175-200.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Late Iron Age-Roman transformation from subsistence to surplus production in animal husbandry in the Central and Western parts of the Netherlands","attachmentId":32081078,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/4774492/The_Late_Iron_Age_Roman_transformation_from_subsistence_to_surplus_production_in_animal_husbandry_in_the_Central_and_Western_parts_of_the_Netherlands","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/4774492/The_Late_Iron_Age_Roman_transformation_from_subsistence_to_surplus_production_in_animal_husbandry_in_the_Central_and_Western_parts_of_the_Netherlands"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="82519554" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/82519554/The_use_of_animals_in_settlements_on_the_Dutch_and_German_Wadden_Sea_coast_600_BC_AD_1500">The use of animals in settlements on the Dutch and German Wadden Sea coast, 600 BC-AD 1500</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="26442777" href="https://dsm.academia.edu/HansChristianKuechelmann">Hans Christian Küchelmann</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Embracing the salt marsh: foraging, farming and food preparation in the Dutch-German coastal area up to AD 1600. Studies in honour of Annet Nieuwhof, 2022</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Prummel, Wietske & Küchelmann, Hans Christian (2022): The use of animals in settlements on the Dutch and German Wadden Sea coast, 600 BC-AD 1500. in: Nicolay, Johan A. W. & Schepers, Mans (eds.): Embracing the salt marsh: foraging, farming and food preparation in the Dutch-German coastal area up to AD 1600. Studies in honour of Annet Nieuwhof, Jaarverslagen van de Vereniging voor Terpenonderzoek 102, 109-127, Groningen Abstract: A comparison of archaeozoological studies involving 48 coastal sites in Groningen and Friesland (both the Netherlands), as well as Lower Saxony and Schleswig-Holstein (both Germany), showed many similarities in the use of animals, as well as some variation. Cattle were by far the most important domestic animals during the pre-Roman Iron Age. Sheep husbandry became more important in the Roman Iron Age and the Early Middle Ages than before, thanks to improved trading possibilities for wool. Sheep husbandry was more important in Friesland than in the other regions. Despite the coastal location of all 48 sites, fowling and fishing contributed little to people’s diet.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The use of animals in settlements on the Dutch and German Wadden Sea coast, 600 BC-AD 1500","attachmentId":91987266,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/82519554/The_use_of_animals_in_settlements_on_the_Dutch_and_German_Wadden_Sea_coast_600_BC_AD_1500","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/82519554/The_use_of_animals_in_settlements_on_the_Dutch_and_German_Wadden_Sea_coast_600_BC_AD_1500"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="50244397" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/50244397/Animals_in_funerary_ritual_in_the_Roman_Netherlands">Animals in funerary ritual in the Roman Netherlands</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="274703" href="https://fu-berlin.academia.edu/MaaikeGroot">Maaike Groot</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">S. Deschler-Erb/U. Albarella/S. Valenzuela Lamas/Gabriele Rasbach (eds), Roman animals in ritual and funerary contexts. Proceedings of the 2nd Meeting of the Zooarchaeology of the Roman Period Working Group, Basel, 1st–4th February 2018, Frankfurt am Main (Kolloquien zur Vor- und Frühgeschichte 26)., 2021</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The most common method for the disposal of the dead in the 1st century AD in the Roman-occupied part of the Netherlands was cremation. Parts of animals, pottery and sometimes glass were placed on the pyre and burned with the deceased. After the cremation, both human and animal remains were collected and buried in a grave. Most graves were surrounded by a ditch and animal remains and other grave goods can also be found in these ditches. This paper provides a review of animal remains from cremation graves in the Late Iron Age and Roman Netherlands in order to highlight the role of animals in funerary ritual. The study focuses on two regions: the river area in the central Netherlands and the south-eastern part of the Netherlands. Twenty cemeteries are included in this study, with a total of 342 graves with identified burned animal remains. The paper addresses questions regarding the selection of animal species and body parts for funerary ritual, the difference between burned and unburned animal remains found in graves, the presence of animal remains in other features in the cemeteries, chronological developments and regional differences. The analysis of burned animal bones from cremation graves has led to an understanding of how animals were used in funerary ritual in the Late Iron Age and Roman Netherlands. Food offerings of pig, sheep and chicken were buried on the pyre with the dead and more food offerings were placed in the grave pit. Animal remains found in the ditches surrounding graves may be a result of commemorative rituals. The animal remains from graves show a selection for species, body part and the left side of the body. There appears to be little concern for the selection of certain species for men, women or children.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Animals in funerary ritual in the Roman Netherlands","attachmentId":68302565,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/50244397/Animals_in_funerary_ritual_in_the_Roman_Netherlands","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/50244397/Animals_in_funerary_ritual_in_the_Roman_Netherlands"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="12021679" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12021679/1999_Eating_horse_meat_the_evidence_in_the_Roman_Netherlands">1999. Eating horse meat: the evidence in the Roman Netherlands</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="8049235" href="https://cultureelerfgoed.academia.edu/RoelLauwerier">Roel Lauwerier</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Lauwerier, R.C.G.M., 1999: Eating horsemeat: the evidence in the Roman Netherlands, Archaeofauna 8, 101-113., 1999</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">ABSTRACT: Bones of horses occur in almost every Roman site in the Netherlands: bones with and without butchering marks, found among other refuse and as separate burials, inside and outside settlements. The subject of this paper is whether horsemeat was eaten by the various population groups (military, native, villa, inside and outside the Roman empire) and what the reason was for this custom or avoidance,</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"1999. Eating horse meat: the evidence in the Roman Netherlands","attachmentId":37356272,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/12021679/1999_Eating_horse_meat_the_evidence_in_the_Roman_Netherlands","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/12021679/1999_Eating_horse_meat_the_evidence_in_the_Roman_Netherlands"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="77158310" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/77158310/Continuity_and_change_in_animal_exploitation_at_the_transition_from_Antiquity_to_the_early_medieval_period_in_the_Belgian_and_Dutch_loess_region">Continuity and change in animal exploitation at the transition from Antiquity to the early medieval period in the Belgian and Dutch loess region</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1336001" href="https://naturalsciences-be.academia.edu/QuentinGoffette">Quentin Goffette</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Quaternary International, 2019</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Continuity and change in animal exploitation at the transition from Antiquity to the early medieval period in the Belgian and Dutch loess 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data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/357849/Palaeopathological_Evidence_for_Draught_Cattle_on_a_Roman_Site_In_the_Netherlands">Palaeopathological Evidence for Draught Cattle on a Roman Site In the Netherlands</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="274703" href="https://fu-berlin.academia.edu/MaaikeGroot">Maaike Groot</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Diet and health in past animal populations: current …, 2005</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Palaeopathological Evidence for Draught Cattle on a Roman Site In the 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You can download the paper by clicking the button above.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sidebar--container js-work-sidebar"><div class="ds-related-content--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="3284254" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3284254/Albarella_U_1997_Size_power_wool_and_veal_zooarchaeological_evidence_for_late_medieval_innovations_In_De_Boe_G_and_Verhaeghe_F_eds_Environment_and_subsistence_in_medieval_Europe_pp_19_30_Brugge_Institute_for_the_Archaeological_Heritage_of_Flanders">Albarella U. 1997 Size, power, wool and veal: zooarchaeological evidence for late medieval innovations. In De Boe G. & Verhaeghe F. (eds). Environment and subsistence in medieval Europe , pp.19-30. 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Animals in funerary practices during the early and late Roman period in southern Belgium</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2185472" href="https://bristol.academia.edu/FabiennePigi%C3%A8re">Fabienne Pigière</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Kolloquien zur Vor- und Frühgeschichte, Römisch-Germanische Kommission., 2021</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"PIGIERE F., 2021. Animals in funerary practices during the early and late Roman period in southern Belgium","attachmentId":78303936,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/44210521/PIGIERE_F_2021_Animals_in_funerary_practices_during_the_early_and_late_Roman_period_in_southern_Belgium","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/44210521/PIGIERE_F_2021_Animals_in_funerary_practices_during_the_early_and_late_Roman_period_in_southern_Belgium"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="64749465" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/64749465/A_Zooarchaeological_Study_of_Animal_Consumption_in_Medieval_Viljandi">A Zooarchaeological Study of Animal Consumption in Medieval Viljandi</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="40821251" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ElisabethIregren">Elisabeth Iregren</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2010</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"A Zooarchaeological Study of Animal Consumption in Medieval Viljandi","attachmentId":76640708,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/64749465/A_Zooarchaeological_Study_of_Animal_Consumption_in_Medieval_Viljandi","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/64749465/A_Zooarchaeological_Study_of_Animal_Consumption_in_Medieval_Viljandi"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="41770516" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/41770516/Animals_and_People_in_the_Netherlands_Past_50_Years_of_Archaeozoology_in_the_Netherlands">Animals and People in the Netherlands' Past: >50 Years of Archaeozoology in the Netherlands</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2108089" href="https://leidenuniv.academia.edu/YvonnevanAmerongen">Yvonne van Amerongen</a><span>, </span><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="3259514" href="https://uva.academia.edu/JanBakker">Jan Bakker</a><span>, </span><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="139552" href="https://leidenuniv.academia.edu/MatthijsvanKolfschoten">Matthijs van Kolfschoten</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2019</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" 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js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="34030905" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/34030905/2004d_The_economic_and_non_economic_animal_Roman_depositions_and_offerings">2004d The economic and non-economic animal: Roman depositions and offerings</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="8049235" href="https://cultureelerfgoed.academia.edu/RoelLauwerier">Roel Lauwerier</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"2004d The economic and non-economic animal: Roman depositions and offerings","attachmentId":53972207,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/34030905/2004d_The_economic_and_non_economic_animal_Roman_depositions_and_offerings","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/34030905/2004d_The_economic_and_non_economic_animal_Roman_depositions_and_offerings"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="3667954" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3667954/Dealing_with_deposits_in_the_Dutch_River_Area_animals_in_settlement_rituals_in_the_Roman_period">Dealing with deposits in the Dutch River Area: animals in settlement rituals in the Roman period</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="274703" href="https://fu-berlin.academia.edu/MaaikeGroot">Maaike Groot</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">In: A. 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"The mystery of husbandry": medieval animals and the problem of integrating historical and archaeological evidence. Antiquity 73 (282), 867-875. </a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="12935" href="https://sheffield.academia.edu/UmbertoAlbarella">Umberto Albarella</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Albarella U. 1999. \"The mystery of husbandry\": medieval animals and the problem of integrating historical and archaeological evidence. Antiquity 73 (282), 867-875. 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(2017) Beef, pork and mutton. An archaeological survey of the meat consumption in medieval and postmedieval towns in the southern Low Countries (Flanders & Brussels, Belgium). Quaternary International First online 14 February 2017</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2712072" href="https://naturalsciences-be.academia.edu/WimVanNeer">Wim Van Neer</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Ervynck, A., Van Neer, W. (2017) Beef, pork and mutton. An archaeological survey of the meat consumption in medieval and postmedieval towns in the southern Low Countries (Flanders \u0026 Brussels, Belgium). Quaternary International First online 14 February 2017","attachmentId":51920181,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/31588961/Ervynck_A_Van_Neer_W_2017_Beef_pork_and_mutton_An_archaeological_survey_of_the_meat_consumption_in_medieval_and_postmedieval_towns_in_the_southern_Low_Countries_Flanders_and_Brussels_Belgium_Quaternary_International_First_online_14_February_2017","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/31588961/Ervynck_A_Van_Neer_W_2017_Beef_pork_and_mutton_An_archaeological_survey_of_the_meat_consumption_in_medieval_and_postmedieval_towns_in_the_southern_Low_Countries_Flanders_and_Brussels_Belgium_Quaternary_International_First_online_14_February_2017"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div><div class="ds-related-content--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related topics</h2><div class="ds-research-interests--pills-container"><a class="js-related-research-interest ds-research-interests--pill" data-entity-id="392" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology">Archaeology</a><a class="js-related-research-interest ds-research-interests--pill" data-entity-id="1624" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zooarchaeology">Zooarchaeology</a><a class="js-related-research-interest ds-research-interests--pill" data-entity-id="4904" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeozoology">Archaeozoology</a><a class="js-related-research-interest ds-research-interests--pill" data-entity-id="10221" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_and_Nutrition">Food and Nutrition</a><a class="js-related-research-interest ds-research-interests--pill" data-entity-id="99234" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animals">Animals</a><a class="js-related-research-interest ds-research-interests--pill" data-entity-id="157892" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Netherlands">Netherlands</a><a class="js-related-research-interest ds-research-interests--pill" data-entity-id="634974" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Archaeology">Roman Archaeology</a></div></div></div></div></div><div class="footer--content"><ul class="footer--main-links hide-on-mobile"><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/about">About</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/press">Press</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://medium.com/academia">Blog</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/documents">Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/topics">Topics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/hiring"><svg style="width: 13px; 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