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<span>Manufacture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Manufacture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Types" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Types"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Types</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Types-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Applications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Applications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Applications</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Applications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> 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Available in 33 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-33" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">33 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%8A_(%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%82)" title="واشي (ورق) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="واشي (ورق)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Va%C5%9Fi" title="Vaşi – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Vaşi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washi" title="Washi – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Washi" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanpapir" title="Japanpapir – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Japanpapir" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanpapier" title="Japanpapier – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Japanpapier" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washi" title="Washi – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Washi" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washi" title="Washi – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Washi" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B4%DB%8C" title="واشی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="واشی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washi" title="Washi – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Washi" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%99%94%EC%A7%80" title="화지 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="화지" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanski_papir" title="Japanski papir – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Japanski papir" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washi" title="Washi – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Washi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washi" title="Washi – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Washi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washi" title="Washi – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Washi" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasi" title="Vasi – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Vasi" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%80" title="वशी – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="वशी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washi" title="Washi – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Washi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washi_(papier)" title="Washi (papier) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Washi (papier)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%92%8C%E7%B4%99" title="和紙 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="和紙" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanpapir" title="Japanpapir – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Japanpapir" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanpapir" title="Japanpapir – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Japanpapir" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washi" title="Washi – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Washi" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washi" title="Washi – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Washi" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washi" title="Washi – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Washi" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Васи – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Васи" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washi" title="Washi – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Washi" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japaninpaperi" title="Japaninpaperi – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Japaninpaperi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanpapper" title="Japanpapper – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Japanpapper" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washi" title="Washi – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Washi" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washi" title="Washi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Washi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%80" title="Японський папір – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Японський папір" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gi%E1%BA%A5y_washi" title="Giấy washi – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Giấy washi" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%92%8C%E7%B4%99" title="和紙 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="和紙" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q846299#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Washi" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Japanese paper traditionally made from mulberry tree bark</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Washi_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Washi (disambiguation)">Washi (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid 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typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Translation_to_english_arrow.svg/50px-Translation_to_english_arrow.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Translation_to_english_arrow.svg/75px-Translation_to_english_arrow.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Translation_to_english_arrow.svg/100px-Translation_to_english_arrow.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="font-size:100%; padding: 0px;"><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center; padding-right: 3em; font-weight: normal; text-align: left">You can help <b>expand this article with text translated from <a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%92%8C%E7%B4%99" class="extiw" title="ja:和紙">the corresponding article</a> in Japanese</b>.  <i><small>(August 2021)</small></i> <small>Click [show] for important translation instructions.</small></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/translate?&u=https%3A%2F%2Fja.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%E5%92%8C%E7%B4%99&sl=ja&tl=en&prev=_t&hl=en">View</a> a machine-translated version of the Japanese article.</li> <li>Machine translation, like <a rel="nofollow" class="external 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If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.</li> <li>You <b>must</b> provide <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Copying_within_Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia:Copying within Wikipedia">copyright attribution</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Help:Edit_summary" title="Help:Edit summary">edit summary</a> accompanying your translation by providing an <a href="/wiki/Help:Interlanguage_links" title="Help:Interlanguage links">interlanguage link</a> to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is <code>Content in this edit is translated from the existing Japanese Wikipedia article at [[:ja:和紙]]; see its history for attribution.</code></li> <li>You may also add the template <code>{{Translated|ja|和紙}}</code> to the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Washi" title="Talk:Washi">talk page</a>.</li> <li>For more guidance, see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Translation" title="Wikipedia:Translation">Wikipedia:Translation</a>.</li></ul></div></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Washi" title="Special:EditPage/Washi">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Washi%22">"Washi"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Washi%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Washi%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Washi%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Washi%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Washi%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2013</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Washi(Sugihara_paper).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Washi%28Sugihara_paper%29.JPG/220px-Washi%28Sugihara_paper%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Washi%28Sugihara_paper%29.JPG/330px-Washi%28Sugihara_paper%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Washi%28Sugihara_paper%29.JPG/440px-Washi%28Sugihara_paper%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1917" data-file-height="1275" /></a><figcaption><i>Sugiharagami</i> (杉原紙), a kind of <i>washi</i></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Masking-tape.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Masking-tape.png/220px-Masking-tape.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Masking-tape.png/330px-Masking-tape.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Masking-tape.png/440px-Masking-tape.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Washi-tape</figcaption></figure> <p><i><b>Washi</b></i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">和紙</span></span>)</span> is traditional Japanese <a href="/wiki/Paper" title="Paper">paper</a> processed by hand using fibers from the inner bark of the <a href="/wiki/Gampi" title="Gampi">gampi</a> tree, the <a href="/wiki/Edgeworthia_chrysantha" title="Edgeworthia chrysantha">mitsumata</a> shrub (<i>Edgeworthia chrysantha</i>), or the <a href="/wiki/Paper_mulberry" title="Paper mulberry">paper mulberry</a> (<i>kōzo</i>) bush.<sup id="cite_ref-hughes78_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hughes78-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Washi</i> is generally tougher than ordinary paper made from <a href="/wiki/Wood_pulp" class="mw-redirect" title="Wood pulp">wood pulp</a>, and is used in many traditional arts. <a href="/wiki/Origami" title="Origami">Origami</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shod%C5%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Shodō">shodō</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ukiyo-e" title="Ukiyo-e">ukiyo-e</a> were all produced using <i>washi</i>. <i>Washi</i> was also used to make various everyday goods like clothes, household goods, and toys, as well as vestments and ritual objects for <a href="/wiki/Shinto" title="Shinto">Shinto</a> priests and statues of <a href="/wiki/Buddharupa" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddharupa">Buddha</a>. It was even used to make <a href="/wiki/Wreath" title="Wreath">wreaths</a> that were given to winners in the <a href="/wiki/1998_Winter_Paralympics" title="1998 Winter Paralympics">1998 Winter Paralympics</a>. <i>Washi</i> is also used to repair historically valuable cultural properties, paintings, and books at museums and libraries around the world, such as the <a href="/wiki/Louvre" title="Louvre">Louvre</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Vatican_Museums" title="Vatican Museums">Vatican Museums</a>, because of its thinness, pliability, durability over 1000 years due to its low impurities, and high workability to remove it cleanly with moisture.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As a <a href="/wiki/Japanese_craft" title="Japanese craft">Japanese craft</a>, it is registered as a UNESCO <a href="/wiki/Intangible_cultural_heritage" title="Intangible cultural heritage">intangible cultural heritage</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-jt_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jt-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Washi&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:IseWashidrop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/IseWashidrop.jpg/220px-IseWashidrop.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/IseWashidrop.jpg/330px-IseWashidrop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/IseWashidrop.jpg/440px-IseWashidrop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Washi-making at <a href="/wiki/Ise,_Mie" title="Ise, Mie">Ise, Mie</a></figcaption></figure> <p>By the 7th century, paper had been introduced to Japan from China via the Korean Peninsula, and the Japanese developed washi by improving the method of making paper in the <a href="/wiki/Heian_period" title="Heian period">Heian period</a>. The paper making technique developed in Japan around 805 to 809 was called <i>nagashi-suki</i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">流し漉き</span></span>)</span>, a method of adding <a href="/wiki/Mucilage" title="Mucilage">mucilage</a> to the process of the conventional <i>tame-suki</i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">溜め漉き</span></span>)</span> technique to form a stronger layer of paper fibers.<sup id="cite_ref-kyushu1_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kyushu1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nippon1_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nippon1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nikkan_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nikkan-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The improved washi came to be used to decorate religious ceremonies such as <i><a href="/wiki/Gohei" title="Gohei">gohei</a></i>, <i>ōnusa</i> (<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%BA%BB_(%E7%A5%9E%E9%81%93)" class="extiw" title="ja:大麻 (神道)">ja:大麻 (神道)</a>), and <i><a href="/wiki/Shide_(Shinto)" title="Shide (Shinto)">shide</a></i> at <a href="/wiki/Shinto_shrines" class="mw-redirect" title="Shinto shrines">Shinto shrines</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-kyushu1_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kyushu1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in the Heian period, washi covered with gold and silver leaf beautifully decorated books such as <i><a href="/wiki/Kokin_Wakashu" class="mw-redirect" title="Kokin Wakashu">Kokin Wakashu</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-nikkan_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nikkan-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Muromachi_period" title="Muromachi period">Muromachi period</a>, washi came to be used as <a href="/wiki/Origami#Ceremonial_origami_(origata)" title="Origami">ceremonial origami</a> for <a href="/wiki/Samurai" title="Samurai">samurai</a> class at weddings and when giving gifts,<sup id="cite_ref-kyushu1_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kyushu1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and from the <a href="/wiki/Sengoku_period" title="Sengoku period">Sengoku period</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Edo_period" title="Edo period">Edo period</a>, <a href="/wiki/Origami#Recreational_origami" title="Origami">recreational origami</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Orizuru" title="Orizuru">orizuru</a> developed.<sup id="cite_ref-kyushu2_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kyushu2-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the Edo period, many books and <a href="/wiki/Ukiyo-e" title="Ukiyo-e">ukiyo-e</a> prints for the masses made of washi were published using <a href="/wiki/Woodblock_printing_in_Japan" title="Woodblock printing in Japan">woodblock printing</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-edobooks_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-edobooks-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Manufacture">Manufacture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Washi&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Manufacture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cranes_made_by_Origami_paper.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Cranes_made_by_Origami_paper.jpg/220px-Cranes_made_by_Origami_paper.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Cranes_made_by_Origami_paper.jpg/330px-Cranes_made_by_Origami_paper.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Cranes_made_by_Origami_paper.jpg/440px-Cranes_made_by_Origami_paper.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="1834" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Origami" title="Origami">Origami</a> <a href="/wiki/Crane_(bird)" title="Crane (bird)">cranes</a> made of <i>washi</i></figcaption></figure> <p><i>Washi</i> is produced in a way similar to that of ordinary paper, but relies heavily on manual methods. It involves a long and intricate process that is often undertaken in the cold weather of winter, as pure, cold running water is essential to the production of washi. Cold inhibits <a href="/wiki/Bacteria" title="Bacteria">bacteria</a>, preventing the decomposition of the <a href="/wiki/Fibre" class="mw-redirect" title="Fibre">fibres</a>. Cold also makes the fibres contract, producing a crisp feel to the paper. It is traditionally the winter work of farmers, a task that supplemented a farmer's income. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Paper_mulberry" title="Paper mulberry">Paper mulberry</a> is the most commonly used fiber in making Japanese paper. The mulberry branches are boiled and stripped of their outer bark, and then dried. The fibers are then boiled with <a href="/wiki/Lye" title="Lye">lye</a> to remove the <a href="/wiki/Starch" title="Starch">starch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fat" title="Fat">fat</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tannin" title="Tannin">tannin</a>, and then placed in running water to remove the spent lye. The fibers are then <a href="/wiki/Bleach" title="Bleach">bleached</a> (either with chemicals or naturally, by placing it in a protected area of a stream) and any remaining impurities in the fibers are picked out by hand. The product is laid on a rock or board and beaten. </p><p>Wet balls of pulp are mixed in a vat with water and a formation aid to help keep the long fibers spread evenly. This is traditionally <i>neri</i>, which is a <a href="/wiki/Mucilaginous" class="mw-redirect" title="Mucilaginous">mucilaginous</a> material made from the roots of the <a href="/wiki/Abelmoschus_manihot" title="Abelmoschus manihot">tororo aoi plant</a>, or PEO, <a href="/wiki/Polyethylene_oxide" class="mw-redirect" title="Polyethylene oxide">polyethylene oxide</a>. One of two traditional methods of paper making (nagashi-zuki or tame-zuki) is employed. In both methods, pulp is scooped onto a screen and shaken to spread the fibers evenly. Nagashi-zuki (which uses neri in the vat) produces a thinner paper, while tame-zuki (which does not use neri) produces a thicker paper. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types">Types</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Washi&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Types"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_washi" title="List of washi">List of washi</a></div> <p>With enough processing, almost any grass or tree can be made into a washi. Gampi, mitsumata, and paper mulberry are three popular sources.<sup id="cite_ref-hughes78_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hughes78-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Ganpishi<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">雁皮紙</span></span>)</span>: In ancient times, it was called <i>Hishi</i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">斐紙</span></span>)</span>. Ganpishi has a smooth, shiny surface and is used for books and crafts.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dzogami" class="mw-redirect" title="Kōzogami">Kōzogami</a><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">楮紙</span></span>)</span>: Kōzogami is made from paper mulberry and is the most widely made type of washi. It has a toughness closer to cloth than to ordinary paper and does not weaken significantly when treated to be water-resistant.</li> <li>Mitsumatagami<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">三椏紙</span></span>)</span>: Made from <i><a href="/wiki/Edgeworthia_chrysantha" title="Edgeworthia chrysantha">mitsumata</a></i>, mitsumatagami has an ivory-colored, fine surface and is used for <a href="/wiki/Japanese_calligraphy" title="Japanese calligraphy">shodō</a> as well as printing. It has been used to print paper money since the <a href="/wiki/Meiji_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Meiji period">Meiji period</a> and continues to be used today.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Applications">Applications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Washi&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Applications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Until the early 20th century, the Japanese used <i>washi</i> in applications where Western style paper or other materials are currently used. This is partly because washi was the only type of paper available at that time in Japan, but also because the unique characteristics of washi made it a better material.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><i>Washi</i> is also used in <a href="/wiki/Watch" title="Watch">watch</a> dials.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Washi&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Genk%C5%8D_y%C5%8Dshi" title="Genkō yōshi">Genkō yōshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_tissue" title="Japanese tissue">Japanese tissue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rice_paper" title="Rice paper">Rice paper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_Harry_Parkes" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Harry Parkes">Sir Harry Parkes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tissue_paper" title="Tissue paper">Tissue paper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukiyo-e" title="Ukiyo-e">Ukiyo-e</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Traditional_Crafts_of_Japan" title="List of Traditional Crafts of Japan">List of Traditional Crafts of Japan</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Washi&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-hughes78-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hughes78_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hughes78_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHughes1978" class="citation book cs1">Hughes, Sukey (1978). <i>Washi: the world of Japanese paper</i>. Tokyo: Kodansha International. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87011-318-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-87011-318-6"><bdi>0-87011-318-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Washi%3A+the+world+of+Japanese+paper&rft.place=Tokyo&rft.pub=Kodansha+International&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=0-87011-318-6&rft.aulast=Hughes&rft.aufirst=Sukey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWashi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220209044238/https://www.ifla.org/paper-conservation-by-using-japanese-paper-washi/">"Paper conservation by using Japanese paper, washi"</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Federation_of_Library_Associations_and_Institutions" title="International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions">International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ifla.org/paper-conservation-by-using-japanese-paper-washi/">the original</a> on 9 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Paper+conservation+by+using+Japanese+paper%2C+washi&rft.pub=International+Federation+of+Library+Associations+and+Institutions&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ifla.org%2Fpaper-conservation-by-using-japanese-paper-washi%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWashi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170406142315/https://www.toki.tokyo/blogt/2015/8/30/the-elegant-and-refined-world-of-washi">"The elegant and refined world of washi"</a>. Toki. 30 August 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.toki.tokyo/blogt/2015/8/30/the-elegant-and-refined-world-of-washi">the original</a> on 6 April 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+elegant+and+refined+world+of+washi&rft.pub=Toki&rft.date=2015-08-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.toki.tokyo%2Fblogt%2F2015%2F8%2F30%2Fthe-elegant-and-refined-world-of-washi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWashi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220405001246/https://www.ana-cooljapan.com/destinations/gifu/washipaperinmino">"Washi paper in Mino"</a>. ANA. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ana-cooljapan.com/destinations/gifu/washipaperinmino">the original</a> on 5 April 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Washi+paper+in+Mino&rft.pub=ANA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ana-cooljapan.com%2Fdestinations%2Fgifu%2Fwashipaperinmino&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWashi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jt-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-jt_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170113044405/http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2014/11/27/national/japanese-handmade-washi-paper-added-unesco-intangible-heritage-list/">"Government, paper makers welcome addition of 'washi' to UNESCO list"</a>. 27 November 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2014/11/27/national/japanese-handmade-washi-paper-added-unesco-intangible-heritage-list/">the original</a> on 13 January 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 November</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Government%2C+paper+makers+welcome+addition+of+%27washi%27+to+UNESCO+list&rft.date=2014-11-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.japantimes.co.jp%2Fnews%2F2014%2F11%2F27%2Fnational%2Fjapanese-handmade-washi-paper-added-unesco-intangible-heritage-list%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWashi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kyushu1-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-kyushu1_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kyushu1_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kyushu1_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210507223620/https://guides.lib.kyushu-u.ac.jp/origami/prologue"><bdi lang="ja">折り紙の歴史と現在: 前史</bdi></a> (in Japanese). <a href="/wiki/Kyushu_University" title="Kyushu University">Kyushu University</a> Library. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://guides.lib.kyushu-u.ac.jp/origami/prologue">the original</a> on 7 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E6%8A%98%E3%82%8A%E7%B4%99%E3%81%AE%E6%AD%B4%E5%8F%B2%E3%81%A8%E7%8F%BE%E5%9C%A8%3A+%E5%89%8D%E5%8F%B2&rft.pub=Kyushu+University+Library&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fguides.lib.kyushu-u.ac.jp%2Forigami%2Fprologue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWashi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nippon1-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nippon1_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221114074031/https://www.origami-noa.jp/%E3%81%8A%E3%82%8A%E3%81%8C%E3%81%BF%E3%81%AB%E3%81%A4%E3%81%84%E3%81%A6/%E3%81%8A%E3%82%8A%E3%81%8C%E3%81%BF%E3%81%AE%E6%AD%B4%E5%8F%B2/"><bdi lang="ja">おりがみの歴史 (History of origami)</bdi></a> (in Japanese). Nippon Origami Association. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.origami-noa.jp/%E3%81%8A%E3%82%8A%E3%81%8C%E3%81%BF%E3%81%AB%E3%81%A4%E3%81%84%E3%81%A6/%E3%81%8A%E3%82%8A%E3%81%8C%E3%81%BF%E3%81%AE%E6%AD%B4%E5%8F%B2/">the original</a> on 14 November 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E3%81%8A%E3%82%8A%E3%81%8C%E3%81%BF%E3%81%AE%E6%AD%B4%E5%8F%B2+%28History+of+origami%29&rft.pub=Nippon+Origami+Association&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.origami-noa.jp%2F%25E3%2581%258A%25E3%2582%258A%25E3%2581%258C%25E3%2581%25BF%25E3%2581%25AB%25E3%2581%25A4%25E3%2581%2584%25E3%2581%25A6%2F%25E3%2581%258A%25E3%2582%258A%25E3%2581%258C%25E3%2581%25BF%25E3%2581%25AE%25E6%25AD%25B4%25E5%258F%25B2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWashi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nikkan-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nikkan_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nikkan_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221125225800/https://pub.nikkan.co.jp/uploads/book/pdf_file5c91891586da8.pdf"><bdi lang="ja">第1章折り紙の姿</bdi></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Japanese). <a href="/wiki/Nikkan_Kogyo_Shimbun" title="Nikkan Kogyo Shimbun">Nikkan Kogyo Shimbun</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pub.nikkan.co.jp/uploads/book/pdf_file5c91891586da8.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 25 November 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E7%AC%AC1%E7%AB%A0+%E6%8A%98%E3%82%8A%E7%B4%99%E3%81%AE%E5%A7%BF&rft.pub=Nikkan+Kogyo+Shimbun&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpub.nikkan.co.jp%2Fuploads%2Fbook%2Fpdf_file5c91891586da8.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWashi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221125225744/https://kotobank.jp/word/%E6%B5%81%E3%81%97%E6%BC%89%E3%81%8D-587757"><bdi lang="ja">流し漉き</bdi></a> (in Japanese). Kotobank./Digitalio, Inc./<a href="/wiki/The_Asahi_Shimbun" title="The Asahi Shimbun">The Asahi Shimbun</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kotobank.jp/word/%E6%B5%81%E3%81%97%E6%BC%89%E3%81%8D-587757">the original</a> on 25 November 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E6%B5%81%E3%81%97%E6%BC%89%E3%81%8D&rft.pub=Kotobank.%2FDigitalio%2C+Inc.%2FThe+Asahi+Shimbun&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkotobank.jp%2Fword%2F%25E6%25B5%2581%25E3%2581%2597%25E6%25BC%2589%25E3%2581%258D-587757&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWashi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kyushu2-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-kyushu2_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210507224948/https://guides.lib.kyushu-u.ac.jp/origami/-mid18C"><bdi lang="ja">折り紙の歴史と現在: 戦国～江戸中期</bdi></a> (in Japanese). Kyushu University Library. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://guides.lib.kyushu-u.ac.jp/origami/-mid18C">the original</a> on 7 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E6%8A%98%E3%82%8A%E7%B4%99%E3%81%AE%E6%AD%B4%E5%8F%B2%E3%81%A8%E7%8F%BE%E5%9C%A8%3A+%E6%88%A6%E5%9B%BD%EF%BD%9E%E6%B1%9F%E6%88%B8%E4%B8%AD%E6%9C%9F&rft.pub=Kyushu+University+Library&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fguides.lib.kyushu-u.ac.jp%2Forigami%2F-mid18C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWashi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-edobooks-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-edobooks_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201019205019/https://www.kodomo.go.jp/gallery/edoehon/era/index_e.html">"Edo Picture Books and the Edo Period"</a>. National Diet Library. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kodomo.go.jp/gallery/edoehon/era/index_e.html">the original</a> on 19 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Edo+Picture+Books+and+the+Edo+Period.&rft.pub=National+Diet+Library.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kodomo.go.jp%2Fgallery%2Fedoehon%2Fera%2Findex_e.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWashi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOgura2024" class="citation web cs1">Ogura, Jessie Yeung, Hanako Montgomery, Junko (2024-07-03). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edition.cnn.com/2024/07/02/business/japan-yen-note-nepal-paperbush-intl-hnk/index.html">"How Japan's newest yen note came from the Nepali mountains | CNN Business"</a>. <i>CNN</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-08-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=How+Japan%27s+newest+yen+note+came+from+the+Nepali+mountains+%7C+CNN+Business&rft.date=2024-07-03&rft.aulast=Ogura&rft.aufirst=Jessie+Yeung%2C+Hanako+Montgomery%2C+Junko&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2024%2F07%2F02%2Fbusiness%2Fjapan-yen-note-nepal-paperbush-intl-hnk%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWashi" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://deployant.com/review-enter-the-dragon-the-citizen-aq-4020-54y-best-quartz-watch-in-the-world/">"Review: Enter the dragon: The Citizen AQ 4020-54Y. Best quartz watch in the world?"</a>. <i>Deployant</i>. 10 May 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Deployant&rft.atitle=Review%3A+Enter+the+dragon%3A+The+Citizen+AQ+4020-54Y.+Best+quartz+watch+in+the+world%3F&rft.date=2018-05-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdeployant.com%2Freview-enter-the-dragon-the-citizen-aq-4020-54y-best-quartz-watch-in-the-world%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWashi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Washi&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFukushima1991" class="citation book cs1">Fukushima, Kurio (1991). <i>Handbook on the Art of Washi</i>. All Japan Handmade Washi Association.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Handbook+on+the+Art+of+Washi&rft.pub=All+Japan+Handmade+Washi+Association&rft.date=1991&rft.aulast=Fukushima&rft.aufirst=Kurio&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWashi" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Washi&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div 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href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Washi" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Washi">Washi</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aisf.or.jp/%7Ejaanus/deta/w/washi.htm">"Washi"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Architecture_and_Art_Net_Users_System" title="Japanese Architecture and Art Net Users System">Japanese Architecture and Art Net Users System</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Japanese+Architecture+and+Art+Net+Users+System&rft.atitle=Washi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aisf.or.jp%2F%257Ejaanus%2Fdeta%2Fw%2Fwashi.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWashi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://iweb.tntech.edu/cventura/Washi.htm">Washi</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120407092145/http://iweb.tntech.edu/cventura/Washi.htm">Archived</a> 2012-04-07 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Paper" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse 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.navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Paper" title="Template:Paper"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Paper" title="Template talk:Paper"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Paper" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Paper"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Paper" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Paper" title="Paper">Paper</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paper_engineering" title="Paper engineering">Paper engineering</a> / <a href="/wiki/Papermaking" title="Papermaking">Papermaking</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_paper" title="History of paper">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Talas" title="Battle of Talas">Battle of Talas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missal_of_Silos" title="Missal of Silos">Missal of Silos</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Originators" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Originators</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cai_Lun" title="Cai Lun">Cai Lun</a> (Zuo Bo/Tso Po/Tso Tzǔ-yi)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damjing" title="Damjing">Damjing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Developers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matthias_Koops" title="Matthias Koops">Matthias Koops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Gottlob_Keller" title="Friedrich Gottlob Keller">Friedrich Gottlob Keller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Fenerty" title="Charles Fenerty">Charles Fenerty</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Scholars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Francis_Carter" title="Thomas Francis Carter">Thomas Francis Carter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dard_Hunter" title="Dard Hunter">Dard Hunter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsien_Tsuen-hsuin" title="Tsien Tsuen-hsuin">Tsien Tsuen-hsuin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acid-free_paper" title="Acid-free paper">Acid-free</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air-laid_paper" title="Air-laid paper">Air-laid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amate" title="Amate">Amate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bituminous_waterproofing#Roofing_felt" title="Bituminous waterproofing">Asphalt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banana_paper" title="Banana paper">Banana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bible_paper" title="Bible paper">Bible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blotting_paper" title="Blotting paper">Blotting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bond_paper" title="Bond paper">Bond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_board" title="Bristol board">Bristol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_paper" title="Carbon paper">Carbon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardboard" title="Cardboard">Cardboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Card_stock" title="Card stock">Cardstock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cartridge_paper" title="Cartridge paper">Cartridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coated_paper" title="Coated paper">Coated</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Construction_paper" title="Construction paper">Construction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contact_paper" title="Contact paper">Contact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_fine_paper#Copy_paper" title="Special fine paper">Copy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carbonless_copy_paper" title="Carbonless copy paper">Carbonless</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Correction_paper" title="Correction paper">Correction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cotton_paper" title="Cotton paper">Cotton (rag)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%AApe_paper" title="Crêpe paper">Crêpe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Display_board" title="Display board">Display</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%B3_paper" title="Dó paper">Dó</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electrical_insulation_paper" title="Electrical insulation paper">Electrical insulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filter_paper" title="Filter paper">Filteration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genk%C5%8D_y%C5%8Dshi" title="Genkō yōshi">Genkō yōshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glassine" title="Glassine">Glassine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graph_paper" title="Graph paper">Graph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greaseproof_paper" title="Greaseproof paper">Greaseproof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemp_paper" title="Hemp paper">Hemp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India_paper" title="India paper">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inkjet_paper" title="Inkjet paper">Inkjet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingres_paper" title="Ingres paper">Ingres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_paper" title="Korean paper">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kraft_paper" title="Kraft paper">Kraft</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Butcher_paper" title="Butcher paper">Butcher</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laid_paper" title="Laid paper">Laid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lokta_paper" title="Lokta paper">Lokta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manila_paper" title="Manila paper">Manila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mummy_paper" title="Mummy paper">Mummy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newsprint" title="Newsprint">Newsprint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onionskin" title="Onionskin">Onionskin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Origami_paper" title="Origami paper">Origami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paperboard" title="Paperboard">Paperboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parchment_paper" title="Parchment paper">Parchment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photographic_paper" title="Photographic paper">Photographic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastic-coated_paper" class="mw-redirect" title="Plastic-coated paper">Plastic-coated</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_rosin_paper" class="mw-redirect" title="Red rosin paper">Red rosin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rice_paper" title="Rice paper">Rice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolling_paper" title="Rolling paper">Rolling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bible_paper" title="Bible paper">Scritta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_paper" title="Security paper">Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seed_paper" title="Seed paper">Seed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_paper" title="Stone paper">Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tar_paper" title="Tar paper">Tar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermal_paper" title="Thermal paper">Thermal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tissue_paper" title="Tissue paper">Tissue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tracing_paper" title="Tracing paper">Tracing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transfer_paper" title="Transfer paper">Transfer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tree-free_paper" title="Tree-free paper">Tree-free</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallpaper" title="Wallpaper">Wallpaper</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Washi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wasli" title="Wasli">Wasli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waterproof_paper" title="Waterproof paper">Waterproof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wax_paper" class="mw-redirect" title="Wax paper">Wax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wood-free_paper" title="Wood-free paper">Wood-free</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wove_paper" title="Wove paper">Wove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Printing_and_writing_paper" title="Printing and writing paper">Writing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuan_paper" title="Xuan paper">Xuan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Materials</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kaolinite" title="Kaolinite">China clay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corrugated_fiberboard" title="Corrugated fiberboard">Corrugated fiberboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiber_crop" title="Fiber crop">Fiber crop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper_chemicals" title="Paper chemicals">Paper chemicals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus" title="Papyrus">Papyrus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulp_(paper)" title="Pulp (paper)">Wood pulp</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Paper#Types,_thickness_and_weight" title="Paper">Specifications</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paper_density" title="Paper density">Density</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grammage" title="Grammage">Grammage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper_size" title="Paper size">Paper sizes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surface_chemistry_of_paper" title="Surface chemistry of paper">Surface chemistry of paper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Units_of_paper_quantity" title="Units of paper quantity">Units of paper quantity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wet_strength" title="Wet strength">Wet strength</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Manufacture<br />and process</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bleaching_of_wood_pulp" title="Bleaching of wood pulp">Bleaching of wood pulp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calender" title="Calender">Calender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conical_refiner" title="Conical refiner">Conical refiner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deinking" title="Deinking">Deinking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elemental_chlorine_free" title="Elemental chlorine free">Elemental chlorine free</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_paper" title="Environmental impact of paper">Environmental impact of paper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papermaking#Manual_papermaking" title="Papermaking">Handmade paper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hollander_beater" title="Hollander beater">Hollander beater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kraft_process" title="Kraft process">Kraft process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organosolv" title="Organosolv">Organosolv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper_machine" title="Paper machine">Paper machine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper_recycling" title="Paper recycling">Paper recycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papermaking" title="Papermaking">Papermaking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soda_pulping" title="Soda pulping">Soda pulping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfite_process" title="Sulfite process">Sulfite process</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Industry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pulp_and_paper_industry" title="Pulp and paper industry">Paper industry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pulp_and_paper_industry_in_Canada" title="Pulp and paper industry in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulp_and_paper_industry_in_Europe" title="Pulp and paper industry in Europe">Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulp_and_paper_industry_in_India" title="Pulp and paper industry in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulp_and_paper_industry_in_Indonesia" title="Pulp and paper industry in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulp_and_paper_industry_in_Japan" title="Pulp and paper industry in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulp_and_paper_industry_in_the_United_States" title="Pulp and paper industry in the United States">United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper_mill" title="Paper mill">Paper mill</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_paper_mills" title="List of paper mills">List</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Uses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lined_paper" class="mw-redirect" title="Lined paper">Lined paper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper_towel" title="Paper towel">Paper towels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papier-m%C3%A2ch%C3%A9" title="Papier-mâché">Papier-mâché</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardboard" title="Cardboard">Cardboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper_clothing" title="Paper clothing">Clothing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tissue_paper" title="Tissue paper">Tissues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notebook" title="Notebook">Notebooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watercolor_paper" title="Watercolor paper">Watercolor paper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper_money" class="mw-redirect" title="Paper money">Paper money</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beverage_carton" class="mw-redirect" title="Beverage carton">Beverage cartons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Paper" title="Category:Paper">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Paper" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Paper">Commons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Shinto_shrines" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#b0000f"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Shinto_shrines" title="Template:Shinto shrines"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Shinto_shrines" title="Template talk:Shinto shrines"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Shinto_shrines" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Shinto shrines"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Shinto_shrines" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Shinto_shrine" title="Shinto shrine"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Shinto shrines</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#b0000f;background:#FFCCCB;"><div id="Shinto_architecture" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Shinto_architecture" title="Shinto architecture">Shinto architecture</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Buildings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%8Dzuya" title="Chōzuya">chōzu or temizu</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Haiden_(Shinto)" title="Haiden (Shinto)">Haiden</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Heiden_(Shinto)" title="Heiden (Shinto)">Heiden</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hokora" title="Hokora">hokora</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Honden" title="Honden">honden / shinden / shōden</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kagura-den" title="Kagura-den">kagura-den</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Setsumatsusha" title="Setsumatsusha">setsumatsusha</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Architectonic elements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinjusha" title="Chinjusha">Chinjusha</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chigi_(architecture)" title="Chigi (architecture)">chigi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hidden_roof" title="Hidden roof">hidden roof</a></i></li> <li><i>kaerumata: see <a href="/wiki/Nakazonae" title="Nakazonae">nakazonae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kair%C5%8D" title="Kairō">kairō</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Karahafu" title="Karahafu">karahafu</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Karamon" title="Karamon">karamon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kat%C5%8Dmado" title="Katōmado">katōmado</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Katsuogi" title="Katsuogi">katsuogi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Komainu#Foxes_at_Inari_shrines" title="Komainu">kitsune (fox)</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Komainu" title="Komainu">komainu</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mon_(architecture)" title="Mon (architecture)">mon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nakazonae" title="Nakazonae">nakazonae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shinboku" title="Shinboku">shinboku</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dr%C5%8D" title="Shōrō">shōrō</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/S%C5%8Drin" title="Sōrin">sōrin</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tamagaki" title="Tamagaki">tamagaki</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Toky%C5%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Tokyō">tokyō</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Torii" title="Torii">torii</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/T%C5%8Dr%C5%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Tōrō">tōrō</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Styles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Hirairi" title="Hirairi">hirairi-zukuri</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tsumairi" title="Tsumairi">tsumairi-zukuri</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hachiman-zukuri" title="Hachiman-zukuri">hachiman-zukuri</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hiyoshi-zukuri" title="Hiyoshi-zukuri">hiyoshi-zukuri</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Irimoya" class="mw-redirect" title="Irimoya">irimoya-zukuri</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ishi-no-ma-zukuri" title="Ishi-no-ma-zukuri">ishi-no-ma-zukuri</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kasuga-zukuri" title="Kasuga-zukuri">kasuga-zukuri</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kibitsu-zukuri" title="Kibitsu-zukuri">kibitsu-zukuri</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shinto_architecture#Misedana-zukuri" title="Shinto architecture">misedana-zukuri</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nagare-zukuri" title="Nagare-zukuri">nagare-zukuri</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shinto_architecture#.C5.8Ctori-zukuri" title="Shinto architecture">ōtori-zukuri</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shinto_architecture#Owari-zukuri" title="Shinto architecture">owari-zukuri</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nagare-zukuri" title="Nagare-zukuri">ryōnagare-zukuri</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shinmei-zukuri" title="Shinmei-zukuri">shinmei-zukuri</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sumiyoshi-zukuri" title="Sumiyoshi-zukuri">sumiyoshi-zukuri</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Taisha-zukuri" title="Taisha-zukuri">taisha-zukuri</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Decorations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sand%C5%8D" title="Sandō">Sandō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saisen" title="Saisen">Saisen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomoe" title="Tomoe">Tomoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shimenawa" title="Shimenawa">Shimenawa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#b0000f;background:#FFCCCB;"><div id="Others" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Others</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Implements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/An_(Shinto)" title="An (Shinto)">An</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%8Dzubachi" title="Chōzubachi">Chōzubachi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%8Dzuya" title="Chōzuya">Chōzuya</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hakama" title="Hakama">Hakama</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Himorogi" title="Himorogi">Himorogi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/J%C5%8De" title="Jōe">Jōe</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kagura_suzu" title="Kagura suzu">Kagura suzu</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Omiki" title="Omiki">O-miki</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%C5%8Cnusa" title="Ōnusa">Ō-nusa</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Gohei" title="Gohei">Gohei</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sanbo" title="Sanbo">Sanbo</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shide_(Shinto)" title="Shide (Shinto)">Shide</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shinsen" title="Shinsen">Shinsen</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Suzu_(bell)" title="Suzu (bell)">Suzu</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tamagushi" title="Tamagushi">Tamagushi</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masakaki" title="Masakaki">Masakaki</a></li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Washi</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shinto_shrine#Shrine_networks" title="Shinto shrine">Head shrines</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fushimi_Inari-taisha" title="Fushimi Inari-taisha">Fushimi Inari Taisha</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inari_%C5%8Ckami" title="Inari Ōkami">Inari Ōkami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inari_shrine" title="Inari shrine">Inari shrine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usa_Shrine" class="mw-redirect" title="Usa Shrine">Usa Hachiman-gū</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hachiman" title="Hachiman">Hachiman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hachiman_Shrine" class="mw-redirect" title="Hachiman Shrine">Hachiman Shrine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ise_Grand_Shrine" class="mw-redirect" title="Ise Grand Shrine">Ise Grand Shrine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amaterasu" title="Amaterasu">Amaterasu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jing%C5%ABky%C5%8D" title="Jingūkyō">Jingūkyō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingu_Taima" class="mw-redirect" title="Jingu Taima">Jingu Taima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shinmei_shrines" title="Shinmei shrines">Shinmei shrines</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dazaifu_Tenman-g%C5%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Dazaifu Tenman-gū">Dazaifu Tenman-gū</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tenjin_(kami)" title="Tenjin (kami)">Tenjin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenmang%C5%AB" title="Tenmangū">Tenmangū</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munakata_Taisha" title="Munakata Taisha">Munakata Taisha</a> <ul><li>daughters of Amaterasu</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suwa_Taisha" class="mw-redirect" title="Suwa Taisha">Suwa Taisha</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Takeminakata" title="Takeminakata">Takeminakata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yasakatome" title="Yasakatome">Yasakatome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kotoshironushi" title="Kotoshironushi">Kotoshironushi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiyoshi_Taisha" title="Hiyoshi Taisha">Hiyoshi Taisha</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C5%8Ckuninushi" title="Ōkuninushi">Ōkuninushi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oyamakui_no_Kami" title="Oyamakui no Kami">Oyamakui no Kami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sann%C5%8D_torii" class="mw-redirect" title="Sannō torii">Sannō torii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sann%C5%8D_Ichijitsu_Shint%C5%8D" title="Sannō Ichijitsu Shintō">Sannō Ichijitsu Shintō</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumano_Nachi_Taisha" title="Kumano Nachi Taisha">Kumano Nachi Taisha</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kumano_Kod%C5%8D" title="Kumano Kodō">Kumano Kodō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumano_Sanzan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kumano Sanzan">Kumano Sanzan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsushima_Shrine" title="Tsushima Shrine">Tsushima Shrine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gion_cult" title="Gion cult">Gion cult</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yasaka_Shrine" title="Yasaka Shrine">Yasaka Shrine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gion_cult" title="Gion cult">Gion cult</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tutelary_deities" class="mw-redirect" title="Tutelary deities">Tutelary deities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ujigami" title="Ujigami">Ujigami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinjugami" title="Chinjugami">Chinjugami</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Garanshin" class="mw-redirect" title="Garanshin">Garanshin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C5%8Dsojin" title="Dōsojin">Dōsojin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinushigami" class="mw-redirect" title="Jinushigami">Jinushigami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yama-no-Kami" class="mw-redirect" title="Yama-no-Kami">Yama-no-Kami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oyagami" title="Oyagami">Oyagami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorei" title="Sorei">Sorei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubusunagami" title="Ubusunagami">Ubusunagami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunitama" title="Kunitama">Kunitama</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yorishiro" title="Yorishiro">Yorishiro</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shintai" title="Shintai">Shintai</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shinto_mirror" class="mw-redirect" title="Shinto mirror">Mirrors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shinboku" title="Shinboku">Shinboku</a> (trees)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinju_no_Mori" title="Chinju no Mori">Chinju no Mori</a> (forests)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iwakura_rocks" class="mw-redirect" title="Iwakura rocks">Iwakura</a> (rocks) <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Meoto_Iwa" title="Meoto Iwa">Meoto Iwa</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kannabi" title="Kannabi">Kannabi</a> (locations)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katashiro" title="Katashiro">Katashiro</a> (dolls)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadomatsu" title="Kadomatsu">Kadomatsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bunrei" title="Bunrei">Bunrei</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kanj%C5%8D" title="Kanjō">Kanjō</a> (propagation)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ofuda" title="Ofuda">Ofuda</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jingu_Taima" class="mw-redirect" title="Jingu Taima">Jingu Taima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omamori" title="Omamori">Omamori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senjafuda" title="Senjafuda">Senjafuda</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arahitogami" title="Arahitogami">Arahitogami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikoshi" title="Mikoshi">Mikoshi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matsuri_float" title="Matsuri float">Matsuri float</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shinko-shiki" title="Shinko-shiki">Shinko-shiki</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Staff</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Kannushi" title="Kannushi">Kannushi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Miko" title="Miko">Miko</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/A-un" class="mw-redirect" title="A-un">A-un</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kanjo_Nawa" title="Kanjo Nawa">Kanjo Nawa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Junrei" title="Junrei">Junrei</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Misaki" title="Misaki">Misaki</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Miyamairi" title="Miyamairi">Miyamairi</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shinshi" title="Shinshi">Shinshi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Classification</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Twenty-Two_Shrines" title="Twenty-Two Shrines">Twenty-Two Shrines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gokoku_Shrines" title="Gokoku Shrines">Gokoku Shrines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beppyo_Shrines" class="mw-redirect" title="Beppyo Shrines">Beppyo Shrines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shinkai_(divine_rank)" title="Shinkai (divine rank)">Shinkai (divine rank)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_system_of_ranked_Shinto_shrines" title="Modern system of ranked Shinto shrines">Modern system of ranked Shinto shrines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engishiki_Jinmyocho" class="mw-redirect" title="Engishiki Jinmyocho">Engishiki Jinmyocho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinjusha" title="Chinjusha">Chinjusha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Setsumatsusha" title="Setsumatsusha">Setsumatsusha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hokora" title="Hokora">Hokora</a></li> <li>Buddhist elements <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Jing%C5%AB-ji" title="Jingū-ji">jingū-ji</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jing%C5%AB-ji" title="Jingū-ji">miyadera</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whale_mounds" title="Whale mounds">Whale mounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamidana" title="Kamidana">Kamidana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitamaya" title="Mitamaya">Mitamaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C5%8Dja_shrine" title="Sōja shrine">Sōja shrine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shrine_Parishioner_Registration" title="Shrine Parishioner Registration">Shrine Parishioner Registration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secular_Shrine_Theory" title="Secular Shrine Theory">Secular Shrine Theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrine_Consolidation_Policy" title="Shrine Consolidation Policy">Shrine Consolidation Policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrine_Shinto" title="Shrine Shinto">Shrine Shinto</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Misc practices for visitors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/O-mikuji" title="O-mikuji">Ō-mikuji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuin" title="Shuin">Shuin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ema_(Shinto)" title="Ema (Shinto)">Ema</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Institutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jinja_Honch%C5%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Jinja Honchō">Jinja Honchō</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rites</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Futomani" title="Futomani">Futomani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harae" title="Harae">Harae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kagura" title="Kagura">Kagura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misogi" title="Misogi">Misogi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakushu_(Shinto)" title="Hakushu (Shinto)">Hakushu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two_bows,_two_claps,_one_bow" class="mw-redirect" title="Two bows, two claps, one bow">Two bows, two claps, one bow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jichinsai" title="Jichinsai">Jichinsai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><sup>1</sup> (in order of the size of the shrine network they head)</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846299#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00574163">Japan</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p>    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