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</ul> </li> <li id="toc-Felt_paper_standards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Felt_paper_standards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Felt paper standards</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Felt_paper_standards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Roll_roofing_components" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Roll_roofing_components"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Roll roofing components</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Roll_roofing_components-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Irritants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Irritants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Irritants</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Irritants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reasons_to_use_a_roofing_underlayment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reasons_to_use_a_roofing_underlayment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Reasons to use a roofing underlayment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reasons_to_use_a_roofing_underlayment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Negative_aspects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Negative_aspects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Negative aspects</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Negative_aspects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Malthoid" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Malthoid"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Malthoid</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Malthoid-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span 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mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%B4" title="Руберойд – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Руберойд" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tagpaptag" title="Tagpaptag – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Tagpaptag" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dachpappe" title="Dachpappe – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Dachpappe" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruberoid" title="Ruberoid – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ruberoid" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%BB%CF%84%CF%8C%CF%80%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%BF" title="Ασφαλτόπανο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ασφαλτόπανο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gudrita_kartono" title="Gudrita kartono – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Gudrita kartono" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa 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class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartone_catramato" title="Cartone catramato – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cartone catramato" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="რუბეროიდი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="რუბეროიდი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pap" title="Pap – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Pap" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" 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material</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid 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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Bituminous+waterproofing%22">"Bituminous waterproofing"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Bituminous+waterproofing%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Bituminous+waterproofing%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Bituminous+waterproofing%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Bituminous+waterproofing%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Bituminous+waterproofing%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2013</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1st_Rhosnessney_Scout_Hut_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1633456.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/1st_Rhosnessney_Scout_Hut_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1633456.jpg/220px-1st_Rhosnessney_Scout_Hut_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1633456.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/1st_Rhosnessney_Scout_Hut_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1633456.jpg/330px-1st_Rhosnessney_Scout_Hut_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1633456.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/1st_Rhosnessney_Scout_Hut_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1633456.jpg/440px-1st_Rhosnessney_Scout_Hut_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1633456.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="427" /></a><figcaption>Replacing the roofing felt on a <a href="/wiki/Scout_hall" title="Scout hall">Scout hall</a> in <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Bituminous waterproofing</b> systems are designed to protect residential and commercial buildings. <a href="/wiki/Bitumen" title="Bitumen">Bitumen</a> (asphalt or <a href="/wiki/Coal-tar" class="mw-redirect" title="Coal-tar">coal-tar</a> pitch) is a material made up of organic liquids that are highly sticky, <a href="/wiki/Viscous" class="mw-redirect" title="Viscous">viscous</a>, and waterproof.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Systems incorporating bituminous-based substrates are sometimes used to construct <a href="/wiki/Roof" title="Roof">roofs</a>, in the form of "roofing <a href="/wiki/Felt" title="Felt">felt</a>" or "roll roofing" products. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Roofing_felt">Roofing felt</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bituminous_waterproofing&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Roofing felt"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Tar_paper" title="Tar paper">tar paper</a></div> <p>Roofing felt (similar to and often confused with <a href="/wiki/Tar_paper" title="Tar paper">tar paper</a>, but historically <a href="#Weights_and_grades">made from recycled rags</a> rather than heavy kraft paper) has been used for decades as waterproof coverings in residential and commercial roofs as an underlay(ment) (<a href="/wiki/Sarking" title="Sarking">sarking</a>) beneath other building materials, particularly roofing and siding materials, and is one type of membrane used in asphalt <a href="/wiki/Flat_roof#Types#Asphalt" title="Flat roof">built up roofing (BUR)</a> systems. Over time the felt's natural mesh used as a substrate for asphalt impregnation (derived from fabrics like cotton or burlap) has evolved into synthetic products performing the same function with improved durability. Other changes with time have enhanced performance, with roofing felt remaining a heavier and more durable product than tar paper. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Function">Function</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bituminous_waterproofing&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Function"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The rapid application of waterproof or water-resistant roofing underlay protects the roof deck during construction until the roofing material is applied and is required for roofs required to meet Underwriters Laboratory (UL) fire ratings. The separation of the roof covering from the <a href="/wiki/Roof_deck" class="mw-redirect" title="Roof deck">roof deck</a> protects the roof covering from resins in some sheathing materials and cushions unevenness and old nails and splinters in re-roofing applications. The underlayment also sheds any water which penetrates the roof covering from an ordinary leak, a leak from wind-driven rain or snow, wind damage to the roof covering, or <a href="/wiki/Ice_dam_(roof)" title="Ice dam (roof)">ice dams</a>. However, the application of underlays may increase the roof temperature, which is the leading cause of ageing of <a href="/wiki/Asphalt_shingle" title="Asphalt shingle">asphalt shingles</a>. Not installing an underlay may void the roof covering warranty.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Weights_and_grades">Weights and grades</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bituminous_waterproofing&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Weights and grades"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Felt paper is available in several grades, the most common being <i>Type 1</i>—commonly called 15-pound (15#) or No. 15 (#15)—and <i>Type 2</i>—commonly called 30-pound (30#) or No. 30 (#30). The weight designations originated with organic base felt weighing 15 or 30 pounds per 100 sq. ft. (6.8 kg or 14 kg per 9.3 m<sup>2</sup>). However, modern base felts are made of lighter-weight fibre, so the weight designations, though common colloquially, are no longer literally accurate.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A heavier class of materials with a similar construction but designed for civil engineering, environmental protection, and mining applications are known as <a href="/wiki/Bituminous_Geomembranes_(BGMs)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bituminous Geomembranes (BGMs)">Bituminous Geomembranes (BGMs)</a>. BGMs are distinguished in part by larger roll widths which can exceed 5m and substantial thickness of up to 6.0mm.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another basic designation is <i>organic</i> or <i>inorganic</i>. Organic felt paper has a base material made with formerly living materials such as <a href="/wiki/Cotton_paper" title="Cotton paper">rag fibre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hessian_fabric" title="Hessian fabric">hessian</a> (burlap), or <a href="/wiki/Cellulose" title="Cellulose">cellulose</a> fibres (wood, or jute). Organic felt papers are now considered obsolete, having dwindled to just five percent of the market by 1987.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Inorganic <i>base products</i> are <a href="/wiki/Polyester" title="Polyester">polyester</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fibre_glass" class="mw-redirect" title="Fibre glass">glass fibre</a> developed in the 1950s, and historically, <a href="/wiki/Asbestos" title="Asbestos">asbestos</a> mat. Polyester mat is weaker and less chemically stable than fibreglass but because it is cheap is gaining market share. Polyester mat is primarily used with the more flexible modified-bitumen felt products. Asbestos mat was the first inorganic base material but was outlawed in the 1980s for health reasons but is still in use on some buildings. Inorganic felts are lighter, more tear-resistant, more fire-resistant, and do not absorb water. Another type of felt paper is perforated for use in built-up roofing and is not for use as a water-resistant underlay. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D9%86%D8%B5%D8%A8_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B2%D9%88%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%85.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/%D9%86%D8%B5%D8%A8_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B2%D9%88%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%85.jpg/220px-%D9%86%D8%B5%D8%A8_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B2%D9%88%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%85.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="391" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/%D9%86%D8%B5%D8%A8_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B2%D9%88%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%85.jpg/330px-%D9%86%D8%B5%D8%A8_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B2%D9%88%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%85.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/%D9%86%D8%B5%D8%A8_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B2%D9%88%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%85.jpg/440px-%D9%86%D8%B5%D8%A8_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B2%D9%88%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%85.jpg 2x" data-file-width="607" data-file-height="1080" /></a><figcaption>Torch-on bitumen-based waterproofing membrane being rolled out. Tehran Iran</figcaption></figure> <p>Heavier material is typically used for underlayment of longer-lived roof materials in order to match their longer life span, and on less sloped roofs, which are more susceptible to leaking. For example, two layers of No. 30 felt might be used under a slate or tile roof, whereas a single layer of No. 15 might be adequate for a steeply raked roof of 24-year asphalt shingles.<sup id="cite_ref-Crowe_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Crowe-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> s0 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Manufacturing_process">Manufacturing process</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bituminous_waterproofing&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Manufacturing process"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Roofing felt is manufactured in roll format. Rolls of base felt are pulled on rollers through large tanks of bitumen mixes until they are saturated with the <a href="/wiki/Tar" title="Tar">tar</a>-like bitumen mixture, producing rolls of water-resistant but breathable material. </p><p><i>Modified bitumen</i> is mixed with filler components such as <a href="/wiki/Limestone" title="Limestone">limestone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sand" title="Sand">sand</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Polymers" class="mw-redirect" title="Polymers">polymers</a> such as atactic polypropylene (APP) that gives rigidity and tear resistance or <a href="/wiki/Styrene-butadiene" title="Styrene-butadiene">styrene-butadiene styrene (SBS)</a>, a rubber additive that gives more elastic benefits.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Felt_paper_standards">Felt paper standards</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bituminous_waterproofing&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Felt paper standards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The American Society for Testing Materials (ASTM) standards that apply to felt paper are: </p> <ul><li>ASTM D226 / D226M Standard — 09: Specification for Asphalt-Saturated Organic Felt Used in Roofing and Waterproofing.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>Type I - #15 or 15 lb. perforated or non-perforated</li> <li>Type II - #30 or 30 lb. perforated or non-perforated</li></ul></li> <li>ASTM D4869 / D4869M Standard — Specification for Asphalt-Saturated Organic Felt Underlayment Used in Steep Slope Roofing. ASTM 4869-03 now includes the non-perforated felt referred to in ASTM D226-97a which will be phased out. ASTM 4869-03 includes a liquid-water transmission test (shower test) and dimensional stability limits (wrinkling) which ASTM D226-97a does not include.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>Type 1 - #8. Formerly ASTM D4869-93 Type I</li> <li>Type 2 - #13. Formerly ASTM D226-97a Type I (No. 15)</li> <li>Type 3 - #20. Formerly ASTM D4869-93 Type II</li> <li>Type 4 - #26. Formerly ASTM D226-97a Type II (No. 30)</li></ul></li> <li>ASTM D2178 / D2178M-15a Standard — Specification for Asphalt Glass Felt Used in Roofing and Waterproofing.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>Type IV has a 44-pound breaking strength</li> <li>Type VI has a 66-pound breaking strength</li></ul></li> <li>ASTM D6757 / D6757M-16a Standard — Specification for Underlayment Felt Containing Inorganic Fibres Used in Steep-Slope Roofing.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>ASTM D6222 / D6222M-16 Standard — Specification for Atactic Polypropylene (APP) Modified Bituminous Sheet Materials Using Polyester Reinforcements.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>Type 1</li> <li>Type 2</li> <li>Grade G, surface coated granules</li> <li>Grade S, smooth surface (uncoated)</li></ul></li></ul> <p>The Canadian Standards Association standards are: </p> <ul><li>CSA A123.3 Asphalt Saturated Organic Roofing Felt</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Roll_roofing_components">Roll roofing components</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bituminous_waterproofing&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Roll roofing components"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Asphalt_roll_roofing" title="Asphalt roll roofing">Asphalt roll roofing</a></div> <p>Roll roofing is a bitumen product similar to <a href="/wiki/Asphalt_shingle" title="Asphalt shingle">asphalt shingles</a> meant for direct exposure to the weather. To protect its asphaltic base from ultraviolet degradation <b>mineral granules</b> are added on top of the felt, also decreasing the product's fire vulnerability. Thin, removable <b>transparent film</b> is added to the base of rolled roofing during manufacturing on all torch-on products. This stops the felt from sticking to the mineral layer when rolled up during the packaging process. A similar removable membrane on self-adhesive rolled roofing separates the adhesive from the mineral layer. Torch-on roofing felt also receives a removable membrane to keep it from sticking to itself prior to application. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Irritants">Irritants</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bituminous_waterproofing&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Irritants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The complex chemical composition of bitumen makes it difficult to identify the specific component(s) responsible for adverse health effects observed in exposed workers. Known carcinogens have been found in bitumen fumes generated at work sites. Observations of acute irritation in workers from airborne and dermal exposures to fumes and aerosols and the potential for chronic health effects, including cancer, warrant continued diligence in the control of exposures. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reasons_to_use_a_roofing_underlayment">Reasons to use a roofing underlayment</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bituminous_waterproofing&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Reasons to use a roofing underlayment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>It protects the roof deck from rain before the roofing is installed.</li> <li>It provides an extra weather barrier in case of blow offs or water penetration through the roofing or flashings.</li> <li>It protects the roofing from any resins that bleed out of the sheathing.</li> <li>It helps prevent unevenness in the roof sheathing from telegraphing through the shingles.</li> <li>It is usually required for the UL fire rating to apply (since shingles are usually tested with underlayment).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Negative_aspects">Negative aspects</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bituminous_waterproofing&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Negative aspects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Bitumen is mostly produced from <a href="/wiki/Crude_oil" class="mw-redirect" title="Crude oil">crude oil</a> and is not regarded as a sustainable building product</li> <li>Bitumen is combustible</li> <li>Exposure to extreme heat and UV radiation drastically decreases the lifespan</li> <li>The fumes that are produced during hot application of asphalt or tar can cause dermal and respiratory problems</li> <li>Some felt paper installed on existing buildings may contain <a href="/wiki/Asbestos" title="Asbestos">asbestos</a>, which has a <a href="/wiki/Carcinogen" title="Carcinogen">carcinogenic</a> risk if its dust is inhaled.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Malthoid">Malthoid</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bituminous_waterproofing&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Malthoid"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From 1905 to 1988, The Paraffine Paint Co. of San Francisco had Malthoid as a trademark for waterproof and weatherproof building and roofing materials made of paper and felt in whole or in part.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, it had become well known before that.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> About 1913, Paraffine promoted its Malthoid roofing materials with a 16-page booklet.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1941, the Duroid Company began making Malthoid in <a href="/wiki/Onehunga" title="Onehunga">Onehunga</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Malthoid was once common enough to be used as a <a href="/wiki/Generic_trademark" title="Generic trademark">generic</a> description of flat roofing material in <a href="/wiki/Norman_Kirk#Political_career" title="Norman Kirk">New Zealand</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_heritage_sites_in_Wynberg,_Cape_Town" title="List of heritage sites in Wynberg, Cape Town">South Africa</a> (item 26). A description of a New Zealand house built about 1914 says it was, "<i>built of timber framework. covered by sheets of asbestos. The roof was closely timbered, then covered by strips of Malthoid paper. This was then painted with tar and topped off with a sprinkling of sand.</i>"<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Railway vehicles in Australia were roofed with Malthoid.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Malthoid is still available for flat roofs and damp courses.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bituminous_waterproofing&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Butyl_rubber" title="Butyl rubber">Butyl rubber</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bituminous_waterproofing&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://roofonline.com/b-glossary-page/">"B Glossary Page"</a>. <i>Roof Online</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-08-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Roof+Online&rft.atitle=B+Glossary+Page&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Froofonline.com%2Fb-glossary-page%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABituminous+waterproofing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrownSparks1960" class="citation book cs1">Brown, AB; Sparks, JW (1960). "Composition and Rheology of Roofing Asphalt". <i>Symposium on Bituminous Waterproofing and Roofing Materials</i>. pp. 3–17. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1520%2Fstp38450s">10.1520/stp38450s</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8031-5597-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8031-5597-8"><bdi>978-0-8031-5597-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Composition+and+Rheology+of+Roofing+Asphalt&rft.btitle=Symposium+on+Bituminous+Waterproofing+and+Roofing+Materials&rft.pages=3-17&rft.date=1960&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1520%2Fstp38450s&rft.isbn=978-0-8031-5597-8&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=AB&rft.au=Sparks%2C+JW&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABituminous+waterproofing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScueroVaschetti2010" class="citation journal cs1">Scuero, Alberto; Vaschetti, Gabriella (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/318170356">"Geomembrane sealing systems for dams: ICOLD Bulletin 135"</a>. <i>Innovative Infrastructure Solutions</i>. <b>2</b>: 23. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs41062-017-0089-0">10.1007/s41062-017-0089-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Innovative+Infrastructure+Solutions&rft.atitle=Geomembrane+sealing+systems+for+dams%3A+ICOLD+Bulletin+135&rft.volume=2&rft.pages=23&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs41062-017-0089-0&rft.aulast=Scuero&rft.aufirst=Alberto&rft.au=Vaschetti%2C+Gabriella&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F318170356&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABituminous+waterproofing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">William Cullen, "Transitions in Roofing Technology" National Roofing Contractors' Association <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130518044829/http://docserver.nrca.net/pdfs/technical/468.pdf">"Archived copy"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://docserver.nrca.net/pdfs/technical/468.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2013-05-18<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-03-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdocserver.nrca.net%2Fpdfs%2Ftechnical%2F468.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABituminous+waterproofing" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>)</span> accessed 3/11/2014</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Crowe-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Crowe_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Joan P. Crowe, "Underlayment considerations: Steep-slope roof systems require different underlay installations". <i>Professional Roofing Magazine</i> May 2005 <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.texasinspector.com/files/Underlayment-NRCA.pdf">http://www.texasinspector.com/files/Underlayment-NRCA.pdf</a> accessed 3/11/2014</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Anink, David, and John Mak. <i>Handbook of sustainable building: an environmental preference method for selection of materials for use in construction and refurbishment</i>. Rev. ed. London: James & James, 2004. 62. Print.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1">"Specification for Asphalt-Saturated Organic Felt Used in Roofing and Waterproofing". <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1520%2Fd0226_d0226m-09">10.1520/d0226_d0226m-09</a>. ASTM D226 / D226M - 09.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Specification+for+Asphalt-Saturated+Organic+Felt+Used+in+Roofing+and+Waterproofing&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1520%2Fd0226_d0226m-09&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABituminous+waterproofing" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1">"Specification for Asphalt-Saturated Organic Felt Underlayment Used in Steep Slope Roofing". <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1520%2Fd4869_d4869m-16a">10.1520/d4869_d4869m-16a</a>. ASTM D4869 / D4869M - 16a.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Specification+for+Asphalt-Saturated+Organic+Felt+Underlayment+Used+in+Steep+Slope+Roofing&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1520%2Fd4869_d4869m-16a&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABituminous+waterproofing" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1">"Specification for Asphalt Glass Felt Used in Roofing and Waterproofing". <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1520%2Fd2178_d2178m-15a">10.1520/d2178_d2178m-15a</a>. ASTM D2178 / D2178M - 15a.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Specification+for+Asphalt+Glass+Felt+Used+in+Roofing+and+Waterproofing&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1520%2Fd2178_d2178m-15a&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABituminous+waterproofing" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1">"Specification for Underlayment Felt Containing Inorganic Fibers Used in Steep-Slope Roofing". <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1520%2Fd6757_d6757m-16a">10.1520/d6757_d6757m-16a</a>. ASTM D6757 / D6757M - 16a.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Specification+for+Underlayment+Felt+Containing+Inorganic+Fibers+Used+in+Steep-Slope+Roofing&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1520%2Fd6757_d6757m-16a&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABituminous+waterproofing" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1">"Specification for Atactic Polypropylene (APP) Modified Bituminous Sheet Materials Using Polyester Reinforcements". <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1520%2Fd6222_d6222m-16">10.1520/d6222_d6222m-16</a>. ASTM D6222 / D6222M - 16.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Specification+for+Atactic+Polypropylene+%28APP%29+Modified+Bituminous+Sheet+Materials+Using+Polyester+Reinforcements&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1520%2Fd6222_d6222m-16&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABituminous+waterproofing" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Perry, Pat. <i>Health and Safety Questions and Answers a Practical Approach</i>. London: Thomas Telford, 2003. 101. Print.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.legalforce.com/malthoid-71001785.html">"LegalForce information on trademark"</a>. Legalforce.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Scieroofing.com. 2010-02-11. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scieroofing.com/retro.htm">the original</a> on 2014-03-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-06-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tremco+technical+specs&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tremco.com.au%2Fdocs%2Ftechsheets%2FMalthoid%2520Roofing.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABituminous+waterproofing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bituminous_waterproofing&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Felt_and_tar_paper" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Felt and tar paper">Felt and tar paper</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080113140705/http://irc.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/pubs/cbd/cbd074_e.html">Bituminous Membranes Article </a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bituminous_waterproofing&oldid=1226017163">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bituminous_waterproofing&oldid=1226017163</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Roofs" title="Category:Roofs">Roofs</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Building_materials" title="Category:Building materials">Building materials</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Roofing_materials" title="Category:Roofing materials">Roofing materials</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">CS1 maint: archived copy as title</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_missing_periodical" title="Category:CS1 errors: missing periodical">CS1 errors: missing periodical</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_September_2013" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from September 2013">Articles needing additional references from September 2013</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references" title="Category:All articles needing additional references">All articles needing additional references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_February_2023" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from February 2023">Articles with unsourced statements from February 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 28 May 2024, at 02:56<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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