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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Zaloguj się</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Strony dla anonimowych edytorów <a href="/wiki/Pomoc:Pierwsze_kroki" aria-label="Dowiedz się więcej na temat edytowania"><span>dowiedz się więcej</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:M%C3%B3j_wk%C5%82ad" title="Lista edycji wykonanych z tego adresu IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Edycje</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Moja_dyskusja" title="Dyskusja użytkownika dla tego adresu IP [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Dyskusja</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Witryna"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Spis treści" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Spis treści</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">przypnij</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ukryj</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Początek</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Życiorys" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Życiorys"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Życiorys</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Życiorys-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Spis treści" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Przełącz stan spisu treści" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Przełącz stan spisu treści</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Gao Xingjian</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Przejdź do artykułu w innym języku. Treść dostępna w 91 językach" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-91" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">91 języków</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gao_Xingjian" title="Gao Xingjian – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Gao Xingjian" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%88_%D9%83%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86" title="جاو كسينجيان – arabski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جاو كسينجيان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gao_Xingjian" title="Gao Xingjian – aragoński" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Gao Xingjian" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%93_%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="গাও চ্যিংজিয়ান – asamski" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="গাও চ্যিংজিয়ান" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="asamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qao_Sintszyan" title="Qao Sintszyan – azerbejdżański" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qao Sintszyan" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbejdżański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%88_%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%82%D8%AC%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86" title="قائو شینقجیان – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="قائو شینقجیان" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%93_%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8" title="কাও শিংচিয়েন – bengalski" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কাও শিংচিয়েন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gao_Xingjian" title="Gao Xingjian – banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Gao Xingjian" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ko_H%C3%AAng-ki%C4%81n" title="Ko Hêng-kiān – minnański" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Ko Hêng-kiān" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="minnański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Гаа Сінцянь – białoruski" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Гаа Сінцянь" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="białoruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BE_%D0%A1%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Гао Сынцянь – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Гао Сынцянь" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BE_%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Гао Синдзиен – bułgarski" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Гао Синдзиен" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bułgarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%80%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A4%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%85%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8D" title="ཀོའོ་ཤིན་ཅན། – tybetański" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཀོའོ་ཤིན་ཅན།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tybetański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gao_Xingjian" title="Gao Xingjian – bośniacki" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Gao Xingjian" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bośniacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gao_Xingjian" title="Gao Xingjian – bretoński" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Gao Xingjian" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gao_Xingjian" title="Gao Xingjian – kataloński" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Gao Xingjian" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="kataloński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kao_Sing-%C5%A5ien" title="Kao Sing-ťien – czeski" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kao Sing-ťien" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="czeski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gao_Xingjian" title="Gao Xingjian – walijski" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Gao Xingjian" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="walijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gao_Xingjian" title="Gao Xingjian – duński" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Gao Xingjian" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="duński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gao_Xingjian" title="Gao Xingjian – niemiecki" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Gao Xingjian" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="niemiecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gao_Xingjian" title="Gao Xingjian – estoński" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Gao Xingjian" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%BA%CE%AC%CE%BF_%CE%A3%CE%B9%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B6%CE%B9%CE%AC%CE%BD" title="Γκάο Σιντζιάν – grecki" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γκάο Σιντζιάν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gao_Xingjian" title="Gao Xingjian – angielski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Gao Xingjian" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angielski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gao_Xingjian" title="Gao Xingjian – hiszpański" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Gao Xingjian" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="hiszpański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gao_Xingjian" title="Gao Xingjian – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Gao Xingjian" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gao_Xingjian" title="Gao Xingjian – baskijski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Gao Xingjian" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%88_%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%AC%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86" title="گائو شینگجیان – perski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گائو شینگجیان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gao_Xingjian" title="Gao Xingjian – francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Gao Xingjian" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gao_Xingjian" title="Gao Xingjian – irlandzki" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Gao Xingjian" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gao_Xingjian" title="Gao Xingjian – szkocki gaelicki" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Gao Xingjian" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="szkocki gaelicki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gao_Xingjian" title="Gao Xingjian – galicyjski" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Gao Xingjian" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E8%A1%8C%E5%81%A5" title="高行健 – gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="高行健" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B4_H%C3%A0ng-khien" title="Kô Hàng-khien – hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Kô Hàng-khien" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B0%80%EC%98%A4%EC%8B%B1%EC%A0%A0" title="가오싱젠 – koreański" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="가오싱젠" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%A1%D5%B8_%D5%8D%D5%AB%D5%B6%D6%81%D5%A6%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Գաո Սինցզյան – ormiański" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գաո Սինցզյան" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="ormiański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8C_%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="गौ चिंजयान – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="गौ चिंजयान" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gao_%C5%A0ingjian" title="Gao Šingjian – chorwacki" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Gao Šingjian" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="chorwacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gao_Xingjian" title="Gao Xingjian – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Gao Xingjian" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gao_Xingjian" title="Gao Xingjian – ilokano" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Gao Xingjian" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ilokano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gao_Xingjian" title="Gao Xingjian – indonezyjski" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Gao Xingjian" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gao_Xingjian" title="Gao Xingjian – islandzki" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Gao Xingjian" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gao_Xingjian" title="Gao Xingjian – włoski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Gao Xingjian" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="włoski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%90%D7%95_%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%92%27%D7%99%D7%90%D7%9F" title="גאו שינג'יאן – hebrajski" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גאו שינג'יאן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%9D_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%AB%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="გაო სინძიანი – gruziński" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="გაო სინძიანი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruziński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BE_%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B7%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Гао Синцзянь – kazachski" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Гао Синцзянь" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazachski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gao_Xingjian" title="Gao Xingjian – suahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Gao Xingjian" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="suahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gao_Xingjian" title="Gao Xingjian – kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Gao Xingjian" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gao_Xingjian" title="Gao Xingjian – kurdyjski" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Gao Xingjian" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gao_Xingjian" title="Gao Xingjian – łaciński" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Gao Xingjian" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="łaciński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gao_Sjindzja%C5%86s" title="Gao Sjindzjaņs – łotewski" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Gao Sjindzjaņs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="łotewski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gao_Xingjian" title="Gao Xingjian – luksemburski" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Gao Xingjian" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luksemburski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gao_Xingjian" title="Gao Xingjian – litewski" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Gao Xingjian" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litewski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gao_Xingjian" title="Gao Xingjian – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Gao Xingjian" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kao_Hszing-csien" title="Kao Hszing-csien – węgierski" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kao Hszing-csien" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="węgierski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BE_%D0%A1%D1%98%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%93%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Гао Сјингѓен – macedoński" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Гао Сјингѓен" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%88_%D9%83%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86" title="جاو كسينجيان – egipski arabski" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جاو كسينجيان" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="egipski arabski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%88_%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%AC%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86" title="گائو شینگجیان – mazanderański" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="گائو شینگجیان" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazanderański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gao_Xingjian" title="Gao Xingjian – malajski" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Gao Xingjian" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C5%8F%CC%A4_H%C3%A8ng-gi%C3%B4ng" title="Gŏ̤ Hèng-giông – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Gŏ̤ Hèng-giông" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BE_%D0%A8%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B6%D0%B8%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Гао Шинжиэнь – mongolski" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Гао Шинжиэнь" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gao_Xingjian" title="Gao Xingjian – niderlandzki" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Gao Xingjian" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="niderlandzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E8%A1%8C%E5%81%A5" title="高行健 – japoński" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="高行健" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gao_Xingjian" title="Gao Xingjian – norweski (bokmål)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Gao Xingjian" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norweski (bokmål)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gao_Xingjian" title="Gao Xingjian – norweski (nynorsk)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Gao Xingjian" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norweski (nynorsk)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gao_Xingjian" title="Gao Xingjian – oksytański" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Gao Xingjian" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksytański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gao_Xingjian" title="Gao Xingjian – uzbecki" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Gao Xingjian" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%93_%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%A8" title="ਗਾਓ ਜ਼ਿੰਗਜੀਅਨ – pendżabski" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਗਾਓ ਜ਼ਿੰਗਜੀਅਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pendżabski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%88_%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%86" title="گاو زیجین – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="گاو زیجین" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gao_Xingjian" title="Gao Xingjian – dolnoniemiecki" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Gao Xingjian" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="dolnoniemiecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gao_Xingjian" title="Gao Xingjian – portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Gao Xingjian" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gao_Xingjian" title="Gao Xingjian – rumuński" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Gao Xingjian" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumuński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BE_%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B7%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Гао Синцзянь – rosyjski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гао Синцзянь" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rosyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gao_Xingjian" title="Gao Xingjian – scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Gao Xingjian" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gao_Xingjian" title="Gao Xingjian – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Gao Xingjian" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gao_Xingjian" title="Gao Xingjian – słowacki" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Gao Xingjian" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="słowacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gao_%C5%A0ingd%C5%BEjan" title="Gao Šingdžjan – słoweński" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Gao Šingdžjan" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="słoweński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BE_%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%92%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Гао Сингђен – serbski" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Гао Сингђен" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gao_Xingjian" title="Gao Xingjian – serbsko-chorwacki" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Gao Xingjian" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbsko-chorwacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gao_Xingjian" title="Gao Xingjian – fiński" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Gao Xingjian" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="fiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gao_Xingjian" title="Gao Xingjian – szwedzki" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Gao Xingjian" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="szwedzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BE_%D0%A8%D0%B8%D2%A3%D2%97%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BD" title="Гао Шиңҗиян – tatarski" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Гао Шиңҗиян" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2_%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99" title="เกา สิงเจี้ยน – tajski" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เกา สิงเจี้ยน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gao_Xingjian" title="Gao Xingjian – turecki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Gao Xingjian" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%90%D0%B0%D0%BE_%D0%A1%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B7%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Ґао Сінцзянь – ukraiński" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ґао Сінцзянь" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%A4_%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF" title="گاؤ زنجانگ – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="گاؤ زنجانگ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cao_H%C3%A0nh_Ki%E1%BB%87n" title="Cao Hành Kiện – wietnamski" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cao Hành Kiện" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="wietnamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gao_Xingjian" title="Gao Xingjian – waraj" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Gao Xingjian" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waraj" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E8%A1%8C%E5%81%A5" title="高行健 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="高行健" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gao_Xingjian" title="Gao Xingjian – joruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Gao Xingjian" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="joruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E8%A1%8C%E5%81%A5" title="高行健 – kantoński" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="高行健" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E8%A1%8C%E5%81%A5" title="高行健 – chiński" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="高行健" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q18143#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edytuj linki pomiędzy wersjami językowymi" class="wbc-editpage">Edytuj linki</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Przestrzenie nazw"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Gao_Xingjian" title="Zobacz stronę treści [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artykuł</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dyskusja:Gao_Xingjian&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Dyskusja o zawartości tej strony (strona nie istnieje) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Dyskusja</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Zmień wariant języka" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">polski</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Widok"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Gao_Xingjian"><span>Czytaj</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gao_Xingjian&veaction=edit" title="Edytuj tę stronę [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Edytuj</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gao_Xingjian&action=edit" title="Edycja kodu źródłowego strony [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edytuj kod źródłowy</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gao_Xingjian&action=history" title="Starsze wersje tej strony [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Wyświetl historię</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Narzędzia dla stron"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Narzędzia" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Narzędzia</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Narzędzia</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">przypnij</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ukryj</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Więcej opcji" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Działania </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Gao_Xingjian"><span>Czytaj</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gao_Xingjian&veaction=edit" title="Edytuj tę stronę [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Edytuj</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gao_Xingjian&action=edit" title="Edycja kodu źródłowego strony [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edytuj kod źródłowy</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gao_Xingjian&action=history"><span>Wyświetl historię</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ogólne </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Linkuj%C4%85ce/Gao_Xingjian" title="Pokaż listę wszystkich stron linkujących do tej strony [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Linkujące</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Zmiany_w_linkowanych/Gao_Xingjian" rel="nofollow" title="Ostatnie zmiany w stronach, do których ta strona linkuje [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Zmiany w linkowanych</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Prześlij_plik" title="Prześlij pliki [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Prześlij plik</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Strony_specjalne" title="Lista wszystkich stron specjalnych [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Strony specjalne</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gao_Xingjian&oldid=73429340" title="Stały link do tej wersji tej strony"><span>Link do tej wersji</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gao_Xingjian&action=info" title="Więcej informacji na temat tej strony"><span>Informacje o tej stronie</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Cytuj&page=Gao_Xingjian&id=73429340&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informacja o tym jak należy cytować tę stronę"><span>Cytowanie tego artykułu</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Skr%C3%B3%C4%87_adres_URL&url=https%3A%2F%2Fpl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FGao_Xingjian"><span>Zobacz skrócony adres URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Kod_QR&url=https%3A%2F%2Fpl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FGao_Xingjian"><span>Pobierz kod QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Drukuj lub eksportuj </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCka&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Gao+Xingjian"><span>Utwórz książkę</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:DownloadAsPdf&page=Gao_Xingjian&action=show-download-screen"><span>Pobierz jako PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gao_Xingjian&printable=yes" title="Wersja do wydruku [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Wersja do druku</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> W innych projektach </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Gao_Xingjian" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikiquote.org/wiki/Gao_Xingjian" hreflang="pl"><span>Wikicytaty</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q18143" title="Link do powiązanego elementu w repozytorium danych [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Element Wikidanych</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Narzędzia dla stron"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Wygląd"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Wygląd</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">przypnij</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ukryj</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Z Wikipedii, wolnej encyklopedii</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="pl" dir="ltr"><div class="noprint noexcerpt disambig navigation-not-searchable" style="line-height:1.5em; padding: 3px 6px; background-color: var(--background-color-interactive-subtle, #f8f9fa); color: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-color-subtle, #c8ccd1); font-size: 95%; margin-bottom: 1em; display: flex; gap: 4px; align-items: center;"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/52/Spacer.gif" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></span></span><span>Ta osoba nosi <a href="/wiki/Chi%C5%84skie_nazwiska" title="Chińskie nazwiska">chińskie nazwisko</a> <b>Gao</b>.</span></div> <table class="infobox"> <caption class="naglowek"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r65781301">.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption>.iboxt-flex{display:flex;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:center;gap:4px}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption>.iboxt-flex>.iboxt-ikona{flex-grow:0;flex-shrink:0;font-size:7px;max-width:40px;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption>.iboxt-flex>.iboxt-tekst{flex-grow:1}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption .iboxt-1{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption .iboxt-2{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption .iboxt-3{font-style:italic;font-size:90%}</style><div class="iboxt-1">Gao Xingjian</div> </caption> <tbody><tr class="grafika iboxs grafika-z-wikidanych"> <td colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Gao_Xingjian_(2012,_cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="ilustracja" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Gao_Xingjian_%282012%2C_cropped%29.jpg/170px-Gao_Xingjian_%282012%2C_cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Gao_Xingjian_%282012%2C_cropped%29.jpg/254px-Gao_Xingjian_%282012%2C_cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Gao_Xingjian_%282012%2C_cropped%29.jpg/339px-Gao_Xingjian_%282012%2C_cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1580" data-file-height="2234" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Data i miejsce urodzenia </th> <td> <p><span style="white-space:nowrap">4 stycznia 1940</span> <br /><a href="/wiki/Ganzhou" title="Ganzhou">Ganzhou</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Narodowość </th> <td> <p>chińska </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Język </th> <td> <p>chiński </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Dziedzina sztuki </th> <td> <p><a href="/wiki/Literatura_pi%C4%99kna" title="Literatura piękna">literatura piękna</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="background:#EAECF0; color:black; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #aaa;">Nagrody </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Nagroda_Nobla" title="Nagroda Nobla"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/30px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/45px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/60px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Laureaci_Nagrody_Nobla_w_dziedzinie_literatury" title="Laureaci Nagrody Nobla w dziedzinie literatury">Nagroda Nobla w dziedzinie literatury</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr class="noprint plainlinks" style="border-top:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1); text-align:center;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0;"> <table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="width:100%; margin:0px; background:var(--background-color-base, #fff); color:inherit"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle; width:30px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Gao_Xingjian" title="Commons"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/21px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/31px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/42px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Gao_Xingjian" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Gao Xingjian">Multimedia w Wikimedia Commons</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr class="noprint plainlinks" style="border-top:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1); text-align:center;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0;"> <table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="width:100%; margin:0px; background:var(--background-color-base, #fff); color:inherit"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle; width:30px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://pl.wikiquote.org/wiki/Gao_Xingjian" title="Wikicytaty"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/24px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/47px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></span> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="https://pl.wikiquote.org/wiki/Gao_Xingjian" class="extiw" title="q:Gao Xingjian">Cytaty w Wikicytatach</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <table class="infobox"> <caption class="naglowek"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r65781301"><div class="iboxt-1">Gao Xingjian</div> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="background:#d0d0d0; color:black; font-weight:normal; font-style:italic;">Nazwisko <a href="/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_chi%C5%84ski" title="Język chiński">chińskie</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0;"> <table class="iboxtab ibox-inner"> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Uproszczone_pismo_chi%C5%84skie" title="Uproszczone pismo chińskie">Pismo uproszczone</a> </th> <td style="font-size:130%; padding-top:1px; padding-bottom:1px;"> <p>高行健 </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Tradycyjne_pismo_chi%C5%84skie" title="Tradycyjne pismo chińskie">Pismo tradycyjne</a> </th> <td style="font-size:130%; padding-top:1px; padding-bottom:1px;"> <p>高行健 </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_pinyin" title="Hanyu pinyin">Hanyu pinyin</a> </th> <td> <p>Gāo Xíngjiàn </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Wade-Giles" title="Wade-Giles">Wade-Giles</a> </th> <td> <p>Kao Hsing-chien </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Wymowa (<a href="/wiki/Mi%C4%99dzynarodowy_alfabet_fonetyczny" title="Międzynarodowy alfabet fonetyczny">IPA</a>) </th> <td> <p>[kɑ́ʊ ɕǐŋtɕjɛ̂n] </p> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; spacing:0px; padding:0px; height:0px;"> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Gao Xingjian</b> (ur. <a href="/wiki/4_stycznia" title="4 stycznia">4 stycznia</a> <a href="/wiki/1940" title="1940">1940</a> w <a href="/wiki/Ganzhou" title="Ganzhou">Ganzhou</a>) – prozaik i <a href="/wiki/Dramat" title="Dramat">dramaturg</a> chiński (od 1997 r. obywatel <a href="/wiki/Francja" title="Francja">Francji</a>), laureat <a href="/wiki/Laureaci_Nagrody_Nobla_w_dziedzinie_literatury" title="Laureaci Nagrody Nobla w dziedzinie literatury">literackiej nagrody Nobla</a> (2000). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Życiorys"><span id=".C5.BByciorys"></span>Życiorys</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gao_Xingjian&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Edytuj sekcję: Życiorys" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gao_Xingjian&action=edit&section=1" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Życiorys"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Urodził się we wschodnich <a href="/wiki/Chi%C5%84ska_Republika_Ludowa" title="Chińska Republika Ludowa">Chinach</a> jako syn urzędnika bankowego i <a href="/wiki/Aktor" title="Aktor">aktorki</a>. Ukończył romanistykę w pekińskim Instytucie Języków Obcych. W czasie <a href="/wiki/Rewolucja_kulturalna" title="Rewolucja kulturalna">rewolucji kulturalnej</a> spalił rękopisy swoich pierwszych dramatów. Został poddany kilkuletniej <a href="/wiki/Reedukacja_przez_prac%C4%99" title="Reedukacja przez pracę">„reedukacji”</a>. Po zwolnieniu pracował jako robotnik rolny i nauczyciel wiejski, później jako tłumacz i <a href="/wiki/Dziennikarz" title="Dziennikarz">dziennikarz</a>. Debiutował pod koniec lat 70. Rozgłos przyniosła mu wystawiona w 1983 roku w pekińskim Teatrze Ludowym sztuka <i>Przystanek autobusowy</i>, inspirowana europejskim <a href="/wiki/Teatr_absurdu" title="Teatr absurdu">teatrem absurdu</a>. Publikował opowiadania, <a href="/wiki/Esej" title="Esej">eseje</a> i dramaty w chińskich pismach literackich do 1986 roku, kiedy jedna z jego sztuk <i>Inny brzeg</i> trafiła na indeks. W obawie przed represjami Gao rozpoczął wielomiesięczną podróż po Chinach, która zaowocowała dokończoną już na emigracji powieścią <i>Góra duszy</i> (1990) zawierającą elementy autobiograficzne. Chiny Gao opuścił w 1986 roku. Uzyskał francuskie obywatelstwo (1997 r.) i do dziś mieszka w <a href="/wiki/Pary%C5%BC" title="Paryż">Paryżu</a>. Oprócz pisarstwa zajmuje się także reżyserią teatralną i malarstwem. Tłumaczył też na chiński współczesną literaturę francuską: <a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Ionesco" title="Eugène Ionesco">Ionesco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Beckett" title="Samuel Beckett">Becketta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henri_Michaux" title="Henri Michaux">Michaux</a> i <a href="/wiki/Georges_Perec" title="Georges Perec">Georges’a Pereca</a>. </p><p>W <a href="/wiki/Polska" title="Polska">Polsce</a> sztuki Gao publikował miesięcznik „Dialog” (<i>Ucieczka</i> i <i>Przystanek</i>). <i>Ucieczkę</i>, sztukę poświęconą masakrze na <a href="/wiki/Plac_Niebia%C5%84skiego_Spokoju" title="Plac Niebiańskiego Spokoju">Placu Niebiańskiego Spokoju</a>, wystawiono, w reż. <a href="/wiki/Edward_Wojtaszek" title="Edward Wojtaszek">Edwarda Wojtaszka</a>, w 1994 roku w Teatrze Polskim w Poznaniu (Gao był na premierze). Inną sztukę <i>Na krawędzi życia</i> Wojtaszek wyreżyserował w <a href="/w/index.php?title=Teatr_Miejski_w_Gdyni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teatr Miejski w Gdyni (strona nie istnieje)">Teatrze Miejskim</a> w <a href="/wiki/Gdynia" title="Gdynia">Gdyni</a>. Najgłośniejszą powieść autora <i>Góra duszy</i> wydał w 2004 roku <a href="/wiki/Dom_Wydawniczy_%E2%80%9ERebis%E2%80%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="Dom Wydawniczy „Rebis”">Dom Wydawniczy Rebis</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gao_Xingjian&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Edytuj sekcję: Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gao_Xingjian&action=edit&section=2" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Bibliografia"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite class="citation journal">Albert Burckhardt. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.polityka.pl/archive/do/registry/secure/showArticle?id=3349542"><em>Spalona walizka</em></a>. „<a href="/wiki/Polityka" title="Polityka">Polityka</a>”. 21 października 2000. 43 (2268). s. 92.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Spalona+walizka&rft.jtitle=%5B%5BPolityka%5D%5D&rft.volume=43+%282268%29&rft.aulast=Burckhardt&rft.aufirst=Albert&rft.pages=92&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.polityka.pl%2Farchive%2Fdo%2Fregistry%2Fsecure%2FshowArticle%3Fid%3D3349542"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox do-not-make-smaller mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" data-expandtext="pokaż" data-collapsetext="ukryj"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r74983602">.mw-parser-output .navbox{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);margin:auto;text-align:center;padding:3px;margin-top:1em;clear:both}.mw-parser-output table.navbox:not(.pionowy){width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox{border-top:0;margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox.pionowy{width:250px;float:right;clear:right;margin:0 0 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.mw-parser-output .navbox>.mw-collapsible-content>.above,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox>.mw-collapsible-content>.below,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox .opis{background-color:#303234}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .opis.a1,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .a1 .opis{background:#715f00}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .opis.a2,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .a2 .opis{background:#5f5f5f}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .opis.a3,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .a3 .opis{background:#764617}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox>.caption,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr>th{background-color:#3a3c3e}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox .title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox>.mw-collapsible-content>.above,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox>.mw-collapsible-content>.below,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox .opis{background-color:#303234}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .opis.a1,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .a1 .opis{background:#715f00}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .opis.a2,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .a2 .opis{background:#5f5f5f}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .opis.a3,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .a3 .opis{background:#764617}}</style><ul class="tnavbar noprint plainlinks hlist"><li><a href="/wiki/Szablon:Nobel_Literatura" title="Szablon:Nobel Literatura"><span title="Pokaż ten szablon">p</span></a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dyskusja_szablonu:Nobel_Literatura&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dyskusja szablonu:Nobel Literatura (strona nie istnieje)"><span title="Dyskusja na temat tego szablonu">d</span></a></li><li title="Możesz edytować ten szablon. Użyj przycisku podglądu przed zapisaniem zmian."><a class="external text" href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Szablon:Nobel_Literatura&action=edit">e</a></li></ul><div class="navbox-title caption"><a href="/wiki/Laureaci_Nagrody_Nobla_w_dziedzinie_literatury" title="Laureaci Nagrody Nobla w dziedzinie literatury">Laureaci Nagrody Nobla w dziedzinie literatury</a></div><div class="mw-collapsible-content flex"><table class="navbox-main-content inner-standard"><tbody><tr class="a1"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">XX wiek</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-odd"> <ul><li>1901: <a href="/wiki/Sully_Prudhomme" title="Sully Prudhomme">Prudhomme</a></li> <li>1902: <a href="/wiki/Theodor_Mommsen" title="Theodor Mommsen">Mommsen</a></li> <li>1903: <a href="/wiki/Bj%C3%B8rnstjerne_Bj%C3%B8rnson" title="Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson">Bjørnson</a></li> <li>1904: <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Mistral" title="Frédéric Mistral">F.Mistral</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Echegaray" title="José Echegaray">Echegaray</a></li> <li>1905: <a href="/wiki/Henryk_Sienkiewicz" title="Henryk Sienkiewicz">Sienkiewicz</a></li> <li>1906: <a href="/wiki/Giosu%C3%A8_Carducci" title="Giosuè Carducci">Carducci</a></li> <li>1907: <a href="/wiki/Rudyard_Kipling" title="Rudyard Kipling">Kipling</a></li> <li>1908: <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Eucken" title="Rudolf Eucken">Eucken</a></li> <li>1909: <a href="/wiki/Selma_Lagerl%C3%B6f" title="Selma Lagerlöf">Lagerlöf</a></li> <li>1910: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Heyse" title="Paul Heyse">Heyse</a></li> <li>1911: <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Maeterlinck" title="Maurice Maeterlinck">Maeterlinck</a></li> <li>1912: <a href="/wiki/Gerhart_Hauptmann" title="Gerhart Hauptmann">Hauptmann</a></li> <li>1913: <a href="/wiki/Rabindranath_Tagore" title="Rabindranath Tagore">Tagore</a></li> <li>1915: <a href="/wiki/Romain_Rolland" title="Romain Rolland">Rolland</a></li> <li>1916: <a href="/wiki/Verner_von_Heidenstam" title="Verner von Heidenstam">Heidenstam</a></li> <li>1917: <a href="/wiki/Karl_Gjellerup" title="Karl Gjellerup">Gjellerup</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henrik_Pontoppidan" title="Henrik Pontoppidan">Pontoppidan</a></li> <li>1919: <a href="/wiki/Carl_Spitteler" title="Carl Spitteler">Spitteler</a></li> <li>1920: <a href="/wiki/Knut_Hamsun" title="Knut Hamsun">Hamsun</a></li> <li>1921: <a href="/wiki/Anatole_France" title="Anatole France">France</a></li> <li>1922: <a href="/wiki/Jacinto_Benavente" title="Jacinto Benavente">Benavente</a></li> <li>1923: <a href="/wiki/William_Butler_Yeats" title="William Butler Yeats">Yeats</a></li> <li>1924: <a href="/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Reymont" title="Władysław Reymont">Reymont</a></li> <li>1925: <a href="/wiki/George_Bernard_Shaw" title="George Bernard Shaw">Shaw</a></li> <li>1926: <a href="/wiki/Grazia_Deledda" title="Grazia Deledda">Deledda</a></li> <li>1927: <a href="/wiki/Henri_Bergson" title="Henri Bergson">Bergson</a></li> <li>1928: <a href="/wiki/Sigrid_Undset" title="Sigrid Undset">Undset</a></li> <li>1929: <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Mann" title="Thomas Mann">Mann</a></li> <li>1930: <a href="/wiki/Sinclair_Lewis" title="Sinclair Lewis">Lewis</a></li> <li>1931: <a href="/wiki/Erik_Axel_Karlfeldt" title="Erik Axel Karlfeldt">Karlfeldt</a></li> <li>1932: <a href="/wiki/John_Galsworthy" title="John Galsworthy">Galsworthy</a></li> <li>1933: <a href="/wiki/Iwan_Bunin" title="Iwan Bunin">Bunin</a></li> <li>1934: <a href="/wiki/Luigi_Pirandello" title="Luigi Pirandello">Pirandello</a></li> <li>1936: <a href="/wiki/Eugene_O%E2%80%99Neill" title="Eugene O’Neill">O’Neill</a></li> <li>1937: <a href="/wiki/Roger_Martin_du_Gard" title="Roger Martin du Gard">Gard</a></li> <li>1938: <a href="/wiki/Pearl_S._Buck" title="Pearl S. Buck">Buck</a></li> <li>1939: <a href="/wiki/Frans_Eemil_Sillanp%C3%A4%C3%A4" title="Frans Eemil Sillanpää">Sillanpää</a></li> <li>1944: <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Jensen" title="Johannes Jensen">Jensen</a></li> <li>1945: <a href="/wiki/Gabriela_Mistral" title="Gabriela Mistral">G.Mistral</a></li> <li>1946: <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Hesse" title="Hermann Hesse">Hesse</a></li> <li>1947: <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Gide" title="André Gide">Gide</a></li> <li>1948: <a href="/wiki/T.S._Eliot" title="T.S. Eliot">Eliot</a></li> <li>1949: <a href="/wiki/William_Faulkner" title="William Faulkner">Faulkner</a></li> <li>1950: <a href="/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell">Russell</a></li> <li>1951: <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A4r_Lagerkvist" title="Pär Lagerkvist">Lagerkvist</a></li> <li>1952: <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Mauriac" title="François Mauriac">Mauriac</a></li> <li>1953: <a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Churchill</a></li> <li>1954: <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Hemingway" title="Ernest Hemingway">Hemingway</a></li> <li>1955: <a href="/wiki/Halld%C3%B3r_Kiljan_Laxness" title="Halldór Kiljan Laxness">Laxness</a></li> <li>1956: <a href="/wiki/Juan_Ram%C3%B3n_Jim%C3%A9nez" title="Juan Ramón Jiménez">Jiménez</a></li> <li>1957: <a href="/wiki/Albert_Camus" title="Albert Camus">Camus</a></li> <li>1958: <a href="/wiki/Boris_Pasternak" title="Boris Pasternak">Pasternak</a></li> <li>1959: <a href="/wiki/Salvatore_Quasimodo" title="Salvatore Quasimodo">Quasimodo</a></li> <li>1960: <a href="/wiki/Saint-John_Perse" title="Saint-John Perse">Perse</a></li> <li>1961: <a href="/wiki/Ivo_Andri%C4%87" title="Ivo Andrić">Andrić</a></li> <li>1962: <a href="/wiki/John_Steinbeck" title="John Steinbeck">Steinbeck</a></li> <li>1963: <a href="/wiki/Jorgos_Seferis" title="Jorgos Seferis">Seferis</a></li> <li>1964: <a href="/wiki/Jean-Paul_Sartre" title="Jean-Paul Sartre">Sartre</a></li> <li>1965: <a href="/wiki/Michai%C5%82_Szo%C5%82ochow" title="Michaił Szołochow">Szołochow</a></li> <li>1966: <a href="/wiki/Szmuel_Josef_Agnon" title="Szmuel Josef Agnon">Agnon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nelly_Sachs" title="Nelly Sachs">Sachs</a></li> <li>1967: <a href="/wiki/Miguel_%C3%81ngel_Asturias" title="Miguel Ángel Asturias">Asturias</a></li> <li>1968: <a href="/wiki/Yasunari_Kawabata" title="Yasunari Kawabata">Kawabata</a></li> <li>1969: <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Beckett" title="Samuel Beckett">Beckett</a></li> <li>1970: <a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_So%C5%82%C5%BCenicyn" title="Aleksandr Sołżenicyn">Sołżenicyn</a></li> <li>1971: <a href="/wiki/Pablo_Neruda" title="Pablo Neruda">Neruda</a></li> <li>1972: <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll" title="Heinrich Böll">Böll</a></li> <li>1973: <a href="/wiki/Patrick_White" title="Patrick White">White</a></li> <li>1974: <a href="/wiki/Eyvind_Johnson" title="Eyvind Johnson">Johnson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harry_Martinson" title="Harry Martinson">Martinson</a></li> <li>1975: <a href="/wiki/Eugenio_Montale" title="Eugenio Montale">Montale</a></li> <li>1976: <a href="/wiki/Saul_Bellow" title="Saul Bellow">Bellow</a></li> <li>1977: <a href="/wiki/Vicente_Aleixandre" title="Vicente Aleixandre">Aleixandre</a></li> <li>1978: <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Bashevis_Singer" title="Isaac Bashevis Singer">Singer</a></li> <li>1979: <a href="/wiki/Odiseas_Elitis" title="Odiseas Elitis">Elitis</a></li> <li>1980: <a href="/wiki/Czes%C5%82aw_Mi%C5%82osz" title="Czesław Miłosz">Miłosz</a></li> <li>1981: <a href="/wiki/Elias_Canetti" title="Elias Canetti">Canetti</a></li> <li>1982: <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Garc%C3%ADa_M%C3%A1rquez" title="Gabriel García Márquez">García Márquez</a></li> <li>1983: <a href="/wiki/William_Golding" title="William Golding">Golding</a></li> <li>1984: <a href="/wiki/Jaroslav_Seifert" title="Jaroslav Seifert">Seifert</a></li> <li>1985: <a href="/wiki/Claude_Simon" title="Claude Simon">Simon</a></li> <li>1986: <a href="/wiki/Wole_Soyinka" title="Wole Soyinka">Soyinka</a></li> <li>1987: <a href="/wiki/Iosif_Brodski" title="Iosif Brodski">Brodski</a></li> <li>1988: <a href="/wiki/Nad%C5%BCib_Mahfuz" title="Nadżib Mahfuz">Mahfuz</a></li> <li>1989: <a href="/wiki/Camilo_Jos%C3%A9_Cela" title="Camilo José Cela">Cela</a></li> <li>1990: <a href="/wiki/Octavio_Paz" title="Octavio Paz">Paz</a></li> <li>1991: <a href="/wiki/Nadine_Gordimer" title="Nadine Gordimer">Gordimer</a></li> <li>1992: <a href="/wiki/Derek_Walcott" title="Derek Walcott">Walcott</a></li> <li>1993: <a href="/wiki/Toni_Morrison" title="Toni Morrison">Morrison</a></li> <li>1994: <a href="/wiki/Kenzabur%C5%8D_%C5%8Ce" title="Kenzaburō Ōe">Oe</a></li> <li>1995: <a href="/wiki/Seamus_Heaney" title="Seamus Heaney">Heaney</a></li> <li>1996: <a href="/wiki/Wis%C5%82awa_Szymborska" title="Wisława Szymborska">Szymborska</a></li> <li>1997: <a href="/wiki/Dario_Fo" title="Dario Fo">Fo</a></li> <li>1998: <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Saramago" title="José Saramago">Saramago</a></li> <li>1999: <a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Grass" title="Günter Grass">Grass</a></li> <li>2000: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gao</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a2"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">XXI wiek</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-even"> <ul><li>2001: <a href="/wiki/V.S._Naipaul" title="V.S. Naipaul">Naipaul</a></li> <li>2002: <a href="/wiki/Imre_Kert%C3%A9sz" title="Imre Kertész">Kertész</a></li> <li>2003: <a href="/wiki/John_Maxwell_Coetzee" title="John Maxwell Coetzee">Coetzee</a></li> <li>2004: <a href="/wiki/Elfriede_Jelinek" title="Elfriede Jelinek">Jelinek</a></li> <li>2005: <a href="/wiki/Harold_Pinter" title="Harold Pinter">Pinter</a></li> <li>2006: <a href="/wiki/Orhan_Pamuk" title="Orhan Pamuk">Pamuk</a></li> <li>2007: <a href="/wiki/Doris_Lessing" title="Doris Lessing">Lessing</a></li> <li>2008: <a href="/wiki/Jean-Marie_Gustave_Le_Cl%C3%A9zio" title="Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clézio">Le Clézio</a></li> <li>2009: <a href="/wiki/Herta_M%C3%BCller" title="Herta Müller">Müller</a></li> <li>2010: <a href="/wiki/Mario_Vargas_Llosa" title="Mario Vargas Llosa">Vargas Llosa</a></li> <li>2011: <a href="/wiki/Tomas_Transtr%C3%B6mer" title="Tomas Tranströmer">Tranströmer</a></li> <li>2012: <a href="/wiki/Mo_Yan" title="Mo Yan">Mo</a></li> <li>2013: <a href="/wiki/Alice_Munro" title="Alice Munro">Munro</a></li> <li>2014: <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Modiano" title="Patrick Modiano">Modiano</a></li> <li>2015: <a href="/wiki/Swiat%C5%82ana_Aleksijewicz" title="Swiatłana Aleksijewicz">Aleksijewicz</a></li> <li>2016: <a href="/wiki/Bob_Dylan" title="Bob Dylan">Dylan</a></li> <li>2017: <a href="/wiki/Kazuo_Ishiguro" title="Kazuo Ishiguro">Ishiguro</a></li> <li>2018: <a href="/wiki/Olga_Tokarczuk" title="Olga Tokarczuk">Tokarczuk</a></li> <li>2019: <a href="/wiki/Peter_Handke" title="Peter Handke">Handke</a></li> <li>2020: <a href="/wiki/Louise_Gl%C3%BCck" title="Louise Glück">Glück</a></li> <li>2021: <a href="/wiki/Abdulrazak_Gurnah" title="Abdulrazak Gurnah">Gurnah</a></li> <li>2022: <a href="/wiki/Annie_Ernaux" title="Annie Ernaux">Ernaux</a></li> <li>2023: <a href="/wiki/Jon_Fosse" title="Jon Fosse">Fosse</a></li> <li>2024: <a href="/wiki/Han_Kang" title="Han Kang">Han</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table><div class="navbox-after after"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plik:NobelP2.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Nobel"><img alt="Nobel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/NobelP2.png/80px-NobelP2.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/NobelP2.png/120px-NobelP2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/NobelP2.png/160px-NobelP2.png 2x" data-file-width="539" data-file-height="542" /></a></span> </p> </div></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r74016753">.mw-parser-output #normdaten>div+div{margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output #normdaten>div>div{background:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);padding:.2em .5em}.mw-parser-output #normdaten ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output #normdaten ul li:first-child{padding-left:.5em;border-left:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1)}</style> <div id="normdaten" class="catlinks"><div class="normdaten-typ-p"><div><a href="/wiki/Kontrola_autorytatywna" title="Kontrola autorytatywna">Kontrola autorytatywna</a> (<span class="description">osoba</span>):</div><ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Name_Identifier" title="International Standard Name Identifier">ISNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121458481">0000000121458481</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_International_Authority_File" title="Virtual International Authority File">VIAF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://viaf.org/viaf/102266649">102266649</a></span></li><li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_List_of_Artist_Names" class="extiw" title="en:Union List of Artist Names">ULAN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500342652">500342652</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lccn.loc.gov/n83040297">n83040297</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d-nb.info/gnd/118845497">118845497</a></span></li><li><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_NDL_Authorities" class="extiw" title="de:Web NDL Authorities">NDL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00860762">00860762</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/LIBRIS" title="LIBRIS">LIBRIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/katalogisering/nl024q4643nk72n">nl024q4643nk72n</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale" title="Bibliothèque nationale">BnF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12215094c">12215094c</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_Universitaire_de_Documentation" title="Système Universitaire de Documentation">SUDOC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.idref.fr/030810736">030810736</a></span></li><li><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Servizio_bibliotecario_nazionale" class="extiw" title="it:Servizio bibliotecario nazionale">SBN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.sbn.it/af/RAVV235430">RAVV235430</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteka_Narodowa_Australii" title="Biblioteka Narodowa Australii">NLA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an36618527">36618527</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteka_Narodowa_Republiki_Czeskiej" title="Biblioteka Narodowa Republiki Czeskiej">NKC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aut.nkp.cz/jo20000075484">jo20000075484</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Hiszpa%C5%84ska_Biblioteka_Narodowa" title="Hiszpańska Biblioteka Narodowa">BNE</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1532481">XX1532481</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Holenderska_Biblioteka_Narodowa" title="Holenderska Biblioteka Narodowa">NTA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/doc/thes/p149799594">149799594</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/BIBSYS" title="BIBSYS">BIBSYS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90340794">90340794</a></span></li><li><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/CiNii" class="extiw" title="jp:CiNii">CiNii</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA12977943">DA12977943</a></span></li><li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Library" class="extiw" title="en:Open Library">Open Library</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL2623488A">OL2623488A</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteka_Narodowa_(Warszawa)" title="Biblioteka Narodowa (Warszawa)">PLWABN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810698532205606">9810698532205606</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/NUKAT" title="NUKAT">NUKAT</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nukat.edu.pl/aut/n%202004032364">n2004032364</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteka_Narodowa_Izraela" title="Biblioteka Narodowa Izraela">J9U</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007298527005171">987007298527005171</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteka_Narodowa_Portugalii" title="Biblioteka Narodowa Portugalii">PTBNP</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://urn.bn.pt/nca/unimarc-authorities/txt?id=989385">989385</a></span></li><li><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat%C3%A0leg_d%27autoritats_de_noms_i_t%C3%ADtols_de_Catalunya" class="extiw" title="ca:Catàleg d'autoritats de noms i títols de Catalunya">CANTIC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cantic.bnc.cat/registres/CUCId/a10872115">a10872115</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteka_Narodowa_%C5%81otwy" title="Biblioteka Narodowa Łotwy">LNB</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000222427&P_CON_LNG=ENG">000222427</a></span></li><li><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/CONOR" class="extiw" title="sl:CONOR">CONOR</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plus.cobiss.si/opac7/conor/5463139">5463139</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Grecka_Biblioteka_Narodowa" title="Grecka Biblioteka Narodowa">ΕΒΕ</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.nlg.gr/resource/authority/record75444">75444</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Brazylijska_Biblioteka_Narodowa" title="Brazylijska Biblioteka Narodowa">BLBNB</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://acervo.bn.br/sophia_web/autoridade/detalhe/000242853">000242853</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteka_Narodowa_Korei" title="Biblioteka Narodowa Korei">KRNLK</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://librarian.nl.go.kr/LI/contents/L20101000000.do?id=KAC200106822">KAC200106822</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Litewska_Biblioteka_Narodowa_im._Martynasa_Ma%C5%BEvydasa" title="Litewska Biblioteka Narodowa im. Martynasa Mažvydasa">LIH</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lnb.libis.lt/simpleSearch.do?doSearch=1&AI001=LNB%3ABKRZ%3B%3DBV">LNB:BKRZ;=BV</a></span></li></ul></div><div class="normdaten-andere"><div><a href="/wiki/Encyklopedia_internetowa" title="Encyklopedia internetowa">Encyklopedie internetowe</a>:</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Encyklopedia_PWN_(internetowa)" title="Encyklopedia PWN (internetowa)">PWN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://encyklopedia.pwn.pl/haslo/;3903945.html">3903945</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encyklopedia_Britannica" title="Encyklopedia Britannica">Britannica</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Gao-Xingjian">biography/Gao-Xingjian</a></span></li> <li><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P3219" class="extiw" title="d:Property:P3219">Universalis</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.universalis.fr/encyclopedie/gao-xingjian/">gao-xingjian</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalencyklopedin" title="Nationalencyklopedin">NE.se</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/encyklopedi/lång/gao-xingjian">gao-xingjian</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Store_norske_leksikon" title="Store norske leksikon">SNL</a>: <span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=4342&url_prefix=https://snl.no/&id=Gao_Xingjian">Gao_Xingjian</a></span></li> <li><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P1296" class="extiw" title="d:Property:P1296">Catalana</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.enciclopedia.cat/ec-gec-0259916.xml">0259916</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Den_Store_Danske_Encyklop%C3%A6di" title="Den Store Danske Encyklopædi">DSDE</a>: <span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8313&url_prefix=https://lex.dk/&id=Gao_Xingjian">Gao_Xingjian</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hrvatska_enciklopedija" title="Hrvatska enciklopedija">Hrvatska enciklopedija</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.enciklopedija.hr/Natuknica.aspx?ID=21234">21234</a></span></li></ul> </div></div></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Źródło: „<a dir="ltr" href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gao_Xingjian&oldid=73429340">https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gao_Xingjian&oldid=73429340</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Kategorie" title="Specjalna:Kategorie">Kategorie</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Nobli%C5%9Bci_%E2%80%93_literatura" title="Kategoria:Nobliści – literatura">Nobliści – literatura</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Chi%C5%84scy_dramaturdzy_XX_wieku" title="Kategoria:Chińscy dramaturdzy XX wieku">Chińscy dramaturdzy XX wieku</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Chi%C5%84scy_dziennikarze" title="Kategoria:Chińscy dziennikarze">Chińscy dziennikarze</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Chi%C5%84scy_pisarze_francuskoj%C4%99zyczni" title="Kategoria:Chińscy pisarze francuskojęzyczni">Chińscy pisarze francuskojęzyczni</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Chi%C5%84scy_prozaicy_XX_wieku" title="Kategoria:Chińscy prozaicy XX wieku">Chińscy prozaicy XX wieku</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Chi%C5%84scy_re%C5%BCyserzy_teatralni" title="Kategoria:Chińscy reżyserzy teatralni">Chińscy reżyserzy teatralni</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Chi%C5%84scy_t%C5%82umacze" title="Kategoria:Chińscy tłumacze">Chińscy tłumacze</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Urodzeni_w_1940" title="Kategoria:Urodzeni w 1940">Urodzeni w 1940</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Ukryta kategoria: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Infoboksy_%E2%80%93_b%C5%82%C4%99dne_dane_%E2%80%93_Artysta_infobox_%E2%80%93_nagroda" title="Kategoria:Infoboksy – błędne dane – Artysta infobox – nagroda">Infoboksy – błędne dane – Artysta infobox – nagroda</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Tę stronę ostatnio edytowano 6 kwi 2024, 12:08.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Tekst udostępniany na licencji <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.pl">Creative Commons: uznanie autorstwa, na tych samych warunkach</a>, z możliwością obowiązywania dodatkowych ograniczeń. 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