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</div> </header> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <div class="banner-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="pre-content heading-holder"> <div class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Qoph</span></h1> <div class="tagline"></div> </div> <ul id="p-associated-pages" class="minerva__tab-container"> <li class="minerva__tab selected mw-list-item"> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Qoph" rel="" data-event-name="tabs.main">Article</a> </li> <li class="minerva__tab mw-list-item"> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Talk:Qoph" rel="discussion" data-event-name="tabs.talk">Talk</a> </li> </ul> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" href="#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="Language" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet language-selector"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--language"></span> <span>Language</span> </a> </li> <li id="page-actions-watch" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" id="ca-watch" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Qoph" data-event-name="menu.watch" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet menu__item--page-actions-watch"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--star"></span> <span>Watch</span> </a> </li> <li id="page-actions-edit" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" id="ca-edit" href="/w/index.php?title=Qoph&action=edit" data-event-name="menu.edit" data-mw="interface" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet edit-page menu__item--page-actions-edit"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>Edit</span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav>  <div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the Semitic letter. For the band, see <a href="/wiki/Qoph_(band)" title="Qoph (band)">Qoph (band)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Kuf" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/KUF_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="KUF (disambiguation)">KUF (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><p><b>Qoph</b> is the nineteenth <a href="/wiki/Letter_(alphabet)" title="Letter (alphabet)">letter</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Semitic_abjads" class="mw-redirect" title="Semitic abjads">Semitic abjads</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Phoenician_alphabet" title="Phoenician alphabet">Phoenician</a> <i>qōp</i> 𐤒, <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_alphabet" title="Hebrew alphabet">Hebrew</a> <i>qūp̄</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095"><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">ק</span>‎, <a href="/wiki/Aramaic_alphabet" title="Aramaic alphabet">Aramaic</a> <i>qop</i> 𐡒, <a href="/wiki/Syriac_alphabet" title="Syriac alphabet">Syriac</a> <i>qōp̄</i> ܩ, and <a href="/wiki/Arabic_script" title="Arabic script">Arabic</a> <i>qāf</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ق</span>‎. </p><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color: #ccccff; padding: 0.25em 1em; line-height: 1.5em;"><div style="float: left;"><small><a href="/wiki/Tsade" title="Tsade">← Tsade</a></small></div> Qoph <div style="float: right;"><small><a href="/wiki/Resh" title="Resh">Resh →</a></small></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Phoenician_alphabet" title="Phoenician alphabet">Phoenician</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="font-size: 300%; line-height: 1"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1226385857">.mw-parser-output .script-phoenician{font-family:"Noto Sans Phoenician",sans-serif}</style><span dir="rtl" class="script-phoenician">𐤒</span>‎</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_alphabet" title="Hebrew alphabet">Hebrew</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="font-size: 300%; line-height: 1"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1241449095">.mw-parser-output .script-hebrew,.mw-parser-output .script-Hebr{font-family:"Ezra SIL SR","Ezra SIL","SBL Hebrew","Taamey Frank CLM","SBL BibLit","Taamey Ashkenaz","Frank Ruehl CLM","Keter Aram Tsova","Taamey David CLM","Keter YG","Shofar","David CLM","Hadasim CLM","Simple CLM","Nachlieli",Cardo,Alef,"Noto Serif Hebrew","Noto Sans Hebrew","David Libre",David,"Times New Roman",Gisha,Arial,FreeSerif,FreeSans}</style><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">ק</span>‎</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Aramaic_alphabet" title="Aramaic alphabet">Aramaic</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="font-size: 300%; line-height: 1"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1226385528">.mw-parser-output .script-aramaic{font-family:"Noto Sans Imperial Aramaic",sans-serif}</style><span dir="rtl" class="script-aramaic">𐡒</span>‎</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Syriac_alphabet" title="Syriac alphabet">Syriac</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="font-size: 300%; line-height: 1"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1265712417">.mw-parser-output .script-Syre{font-family:"Estrangelo Antioch","Estrangelo Edessa","Estrangelo Midyat","Estrangelo Nisibin","Estrangelo Quenneshrin","Estrangelo Talada","Estrangelo TurAbdin","Noto Sans Syriac Estrangela","Noto Sans Syriac","Segoe UI Historic"}.mw-parser-output .script-Syrj{font-family:"Serto Batnan","Serto Jerusalem","Serto Kharput","Serto Malankara","Serto Mardin","Serto Urhoy","Noto Sans Syriac Western","Noto Sans Syriac"}.mw-parser-output .script-Syrn{font-family:"East Syriac Adiabene","East Syriac Ctesiphon","Noto Sans Syriac Eastern","Noto Sans Syriac",FreeSans,Code2000}.mw-parser-output .script-Syrc{font-family:"Noto Sans Syriac Eastern","Noto Sans Syriac Estrangela","Noto Sans Syriac Western","Noto Sans Syriac","FreeSans","Estrangelo Antioch","Estrangelo Edessa","Estrangelo Midyat","Estrangelo Nisibin","Estrangelo Quenneshrin","Estrangelo Talada","Estrangelo TurAbdin","East Syriac Adiabene","East Syriac Ctesiphon","Segoe UI Historic","Serto Batnan","Serto Jerusalem","Serto Kharput","Serto Malankara","Serto Mardin","Serto Urhoy",Code2000}</style><span class="script-Syre" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;" lang="syc-Syre">ܩ</span>‎</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Arabic_alphabet" title="Arabic alphabet">Arabic</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="font-size: 300%; line-height: 1"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1227789315">.mw-parser-output .script-arabic{font-family:"Scheherazade New","SF Arabic",Amiri,"Noto Naskh Arabic","Droid Arabic Naskh","Noto Sans Arabic","Sakkal Majalla","Harmattan","Arabic Typesetting","Arabic Transparent","Times New Roman",Arial,Calibri,"Microsoft Sans Serif","Segoe UI",serif,sans-serif;font-weight:normal}</style><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ق</span>‎</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">Phonemic representation</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_uvular_plosive" title="Voiceless uvular plosive">q</a></span>,<span class="wrap"> </span><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_plosive" title="Voiced velar plosive">g</a></span>,<span class="wrap"> </span><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Glottal_stop" title="Glottal stop">ʔ</a></span>,<span class="wrap"> </span><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_plosive" title="Voiceless velar plosive">k</a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Position in alphabet</th><td class="infobox-data">19</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Numerical value</th><td class="infobox-data">100</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ccccff; padding: 0.25em 1em; line-height: 1.5em;">Alphabetic derivatives of the Phoenician</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Greek_alphabet" title="Greek alphabet">Greek</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%CF%98" class="mw-redirect" title="Ϙ">Ϙ</a>, <a href="/wiki/%CE%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="Φ">Φ</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script">Latin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Q" title="Q">Q</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_script" title="Cyrillic script">Cyrillic</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%D2%80" class="mw-redirect" title="Ҁ">Ҁ</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="Ф">Ф</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D4%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="Ԛ">Ԛ</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1092331828">@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .contains-special-characters{width:22em}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right contains-special-characters noprint selfref"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><b>This article contains <a href="/wiki/Help:Special_characters" title="Help:Special characters">special characters</a>.</b> Without proper <a href="/wiki/Help:Special_characters" title="Help:Special characters">rendering support</a>, you may see <a href="/wiki/Specials_(Unicode_block)#Replacement_character" title="Specials (Unicode block)">question marks, boxes, or other symbols</a>.</div></div> </div> <p>Its original sound value was a <a href="/wiki/West_Semitic_languages" title="West Semitic languages">West Semitic</a> <a href="/wiki/Emphatic_consonant" title="Emphatic consonant">emphatic stop</a>, presumably <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Velar_ejective_stop" title="Velar ejective stop">kʼ</a>]</span>. In <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_numerals" title="Hebrew numerals">Hebrew numerals</a>, it has the numerical value of 100. </p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Origins"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Origins</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Arabic_q%C4%81f"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Arabic qāf</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Pronunciation"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Pronunciation</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Velar_g%C4%81f"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Velar gāf</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Pronunciation_across_other_languages"><span class="tocnumber">2.3</span> <span class="toctext">Pronunciation across other languages</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Maghrebi_variant"><span class="tocnumber">2.4</span> <span class="toctext">Maghrebi variant</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#Hebrew_qof"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Hebrew qof</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Pronunciation_2"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Pronunciation</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#Numeral"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Numeral</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="#Syriac_qop"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Syriac qop</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="#Unicode"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Unicode</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Origins">Origins</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Qoph&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Origins" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fish_net_needle_MET_15.3.944_view_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Fish_net_needle_MET_15.3.944_view_2.jpg/220px-Fish_net_needle_MET_15.3.944_view_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="65" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3880" data-file-height="1140"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 65px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Fish_net_needle_MET_15.3.944_view_2.jpg/220px-Fish_net_needle_MET_15.3.944_view_2.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="65" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Fish_net_needle_MET_15.3.944_view_2.jpg/330px-Fish_net_needle_MET_15.3.944_view_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Fish_net_needle_MET_15.3.944_view_2.jpg/440px-Fish_net_needle_MET_15.3.944_view_2.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>Needle from Ancient Egypt, 13th–10th century BC</figcaption></figure> <p>The origin of the glyph shape of <i>qōp</i> (<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Phoenician_qoph.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Phoenician_qoph.svg/12px-Phoenician_qoph.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="85" data-file-height="85"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 12px;height: 12px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Phoenician_qoph.svg/12px-Phoenician_qoph.svg.png" data-width="12" data-height="12" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Phoenician_qoph.svg/18px-Phoenician_qoph.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Phoenician_qoph.svg/24px-Phoenician_qoph.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span>) is uncertain. It is usually suggested to have originally depicted either a <a href="/wiki/Sewing_needle" title="Sewing needle">sewing needle</a>, specifically the <a href="/wiki/Eye_of_a_needle" title="Eye of a needle">eye of a needle</a> (Hebrew <span title="Hebrew-language text"><span lang="he" dir="rtl">קוף</span></span> <i>quf</i> and Aramaic <span title="Imperial Aramaic (700-300 BCE)-language text"><span lang="arc" dir="rtl">קופא</span></span> <i>qopɑʔ</i> both refer to the eye of a needle), or the back of a head and neck (<i>qāf</i> in Arabic meant "<a href="/wiki/Nape" title="Nape">nape</a>").<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to an older suggestion, it may also have been a picture of a monkey and its tail (the Hebrew <span title="Hebrew-language text"><span lang="he" dir="rtl">קוף</span></span> means "monkey").<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Besides <a href="/wiki/Aramaic_alphabet" title="Aramaic alphabet">Aramaic</a> <i>Qop</i>, which gave rise to the letter in the Semitic abjads used in classical antiquity, Phoenician <i>qōp</i> is also the origin of the Latin letter <a href="/wiki/Q" title="Q">Q</a> and Greek <a href="/wiki/%CF%98" class="mw-redirect" title="Ϙ">Ϙ</a> (<i>qoppa</i>) and <a href="/wiki/%CE%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="Φ">Φ</a> (<i>phi</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Arabic_qāf"><span id="Arabic_q.C4.81f"></span>Arabic qāf</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Qoph&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Arabic qāf" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <p>The Arabic letter <span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">ق</span></span> is named <span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">قاف</span></span> <i><span title="DIN 31635 Arabic (Arabic language) transliteration"><i lang="ar-Latn">qāf</i></span></i>. It is written in several ways depending in its position in the word: </p> <table class="wikitable" style="line-height:1.6;text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="row" style="line-height:1.5;text-align:left">Position in word </th> <th scope="col">Isolated </th> <th scope="col">Final </th> <th scope="col">Medial </th> <th scope="col">Initial </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left">Glyph form:<br>(<a href="/wiki/Help:Arabic" title="Help:Arabic">Help</a>) </th> <td style="font-size:3em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ق</span>‎ </td> <td style="font-size:3em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ـق</span>‎ </td> <td style="font-size:3em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ـقـ</span>‎ </td> <td style="font-size:3em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">قـ</span>‎ </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Traditionally in the <a href="/wiki/Maghrebi_script" title="Maghrebi script">scripts of the Maghreb</a> it is written with a single dot, similarly to how the letter <i><a href="/wiki/Pe_(Semitic_letter)#Arabic_f%C4%81%CA%BE" title="Pe (Semitic letter)">fā</a></i> <a href="/wiki/%D9%81" class="mw-redirect" title="ف">ف</a> is written in Mashreqi scripts:<sup id="cite_ref-:3_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="line-height:1.6;text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="row" style="line-height:1.5;text-align:left">Position in word </th> <th scope="col">Isolated </th> <th scope="col">Final </th> <th scope="col">Medial </th> <th scope="col">Initial </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left">Glyph form:<br>(<a href="/wiki/Help:Arabic" title="Help:Arabic">Help</a>) </th> <td style="font-size:3em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ڧ</span>‎ </td> <td style="font-size:3em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ـڧ</span>‎ </td> <td style="font-size:3em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ـڧـ</span>‎ </td> <td style="font-size:3em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ڧـ</span>‎ </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>It is usually transliterated into Latin script as <i>q</i>, though some scholarly works use <i>ḳ</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pronunciation">Pronunciation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Qoph&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Pronunciation" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>According to <a href="/wiki/Sibawayh" title="Sibawayh">Sibawayh</a>, author of the first book on <a href="/wiki/Arabic_grammar" title="Arabic grammar">Arabic grammar</a>, the letter is pronounced <a href="/wiki/Voiced_phoneme" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced phoneme">voiced</a> (<i>maǧhūr</i>),<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although some scholars argue, that Sibawayh's term <i>maǧhūr</i> implies lack of <a href="/wiki/Aspiration_(linguistics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Aspiration (linguistics)">aspiration</a> rather than voice.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As noted above, <a href="/wiki/Modern_Standard_Arabic" title="Modern Standard Arabic">Modern Standard Arabic</a> has the <a href="/wiki/Voiceless_uvular_plosive" title="Voiceless uvular plosive">voiceless uvular plosive</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_uvular_plosive" title="Voiceless uvular plosive">q</a>/</span> as its standard pronunciation of the letter, but dialectal pronunciations vary as follows: </p><p>The three main pronunciations: </p> <ul><li><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_uvular_plosive" title="Voiceless uvular plosive">q</a>]</span>: in most of Tunisia, Algeria and Morocco, <a href="/wiki/Ta%27izzi-Adeni_Arabic" class="mw-redirect" title="Ta'izzi-Adeni Arabic">Southern</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tihamiyya_Arabic" class="mw-redirect" title="Tihamiyya Arabic">Western</a> Yemen and parts of Oman, Northern Iraq, parts of the Levant (especially the <a href="/wiki/Alawite" class="mw-redirect" title="Alawite">Alawite</a> and <a href="/wiki/Druze" title="Druze">Druze</a> dialects). In fact, it is so characteristic of the <a href="/wiki/Alawite" class="mw-redirect" title="Alawite">Alawites</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Druze" title="Druze">Druze</a> that Levantines invented a verb "yqaqi" /jqæqi/ that means "speaking with a /q/".<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, most other dialects of Arabic will use this pronunciation in learned words that are borrowed from Standard Arabic into the respective dialect or when Arabs speak Modern Standard Arabic.</li> <li><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_plosive" title="Voiced velar plosive">ɡ</a>]</span>: in most of the <a href="/wiki/Arabian_Peninsula" title="Arabian Peninsula">Arabian Peninsula</a>, <a href="/wiki/San%27ani_Arabic" class="mw-redirect" title="San'ani Arabic">Northern</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hadhrami_Arabic" title="Hadhrami Arabic">Eastern</a> Yemen and parts of Oman, Southern <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamian_Arabic" title="Mesopotamian Arabic">Iraq</a>, some parts within Jordan, eastern Syria and southern Palestine, <a href="/wiki/Upper_Egypt" title="Upper Egypt">Upper Egypt</a> (<i>Ṣaʿīd</i>), <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania">Mauritania</a> and to lesser extent in some parts of <a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a> but it is also used partially across those countries in some words.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Glottal_stop" title="Glottal stop">ʔ</a>]</span>: in most of the <a href="/wiki/Levant" title="Levant">Levant</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lower_Egypt" title="Lower Egypt">Egypt</a>, as well as some North African towns such as <a href="/wiki/Tlemcen" title="Tlemcen">Tlemcen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fez,_Morocco" title="Fez, Morocco">Fez</a>.</li></ul> <p>Other pronunciations: </p> <ul><li><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_uvular_plosive" title="Voiced uvular plosive">ɢ</a>]</span>: In <a href="/wiki/Sudanese_Arabic" title="Sudanese Arabic">Sudanese</a> and some forms of <a href="/wiki/Yemeni_Arabic" title="Yemeni Arabic">Yemeni</a>, even in loanwords from Modern Standard Arabic or when speaking Modern Standard Arabic.</li> <li><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_plosive" title="Voiceless velar plosive">k</a>]</span>: In rural <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Arabic" title="Palestinian Arabic">Palestinian</a> it is often pronounced as a <a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_plosive" title="Voiceless velar plosive">voiceless velar plosive</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_plosive" title="Voiceless velar plosive">k</a>]</span>, even in loanwords from Modern Standard Arabic or when speaking Modern Standard Arabic.</li></ul> <p>Marginal pronunciations: </p> <ul><li><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_affricate" title="Voiced alveolar affricate">d͡z</a>]</span>: In some positions in <a href="/wiki/Najdi_Arabic" title="Najdi Arabic">Najdi</a>, though this pronunciation is fading in favor of <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_plosive" title="Voiced velar plosive">ɡ</a>]</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ingham1994_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ingham1994-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_postalveolar_affricate" title="Voiced postalveolar affricate">d͡ʒ</a>]</span>: Optionally in <a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Arabic" class="mw-redirect" title="Iraqi Arabic">Iraqi</a> and in <a href="/wiki/Gulf_Arabic" title="Gulf Arabic">Gulf Arabic</a>, it is sometimes pronounced as a <a href="/wiki/Voiced_postalveolar_affricate" title="Voiced postalveolar affricate">voiced postalveolar affricate</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_postalveolar_affricate" title="Voiced postalveolar affricate">d͡ʒ</a>]</span>, even in loanwords from Modern Standard Arabic or when speaking Modern Standard Arabic.</li> <li><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_fricative" title="Voiced velar fricative">ɣ</a>]</span> ~ <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_uvular_fricative" title="Voiced uvular fricative">ʁ</a>]</span>: in <a href="/wiki/Sudanese_Arabic" title="Sudanese Arabic">Sudanese</a> and some Yemeni dialects (<a href="/wiki/Yemeni_Arabic" title="Yemeni Arabic">Yafi'i</a>), and sometimes in <a href="/wiki/Gulf_Arabic" title="Gulf Arabic">Gulf Arabic</a> by Persian influence, even in loanwords from Modern Standard Arabic or when speaking Modern Standard Arabic.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Velar_gāf"><span id="Velar_g.C4.81f"></span>Velar gāf</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Qoph&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Velar gāf" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>It is not well known when the pronunciation of qāf <span class="nowrap">⟨<big>ق</big>⟩</span> as a velar <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɡ]</span> occurred or the probability of it being connected to the pronunciation of <a href="/wiki/Gimel" title="Gimel">jīm</a> <span class="nowrap">⟨<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="ج">ج</a></span></span>⟩</span> as an affricate <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[d͡ʒ]</span>, but the <a href="/wiki/Arabian_Peninsula" title="Arabian Peninsula">Arabian peninsula</a> which is the homeland of the Arabic language, there are two sets of pronunciations, either the <span class="nowrap">⟨<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="ج">ج</a></span></span>⟩</span> represents a <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[d͡ʒ]</span> and <span class="nowrap">⟨<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%D9%82" class="mw-redirect" title="ق">ق</a></span></span>⟩</span> represents a <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɡ]</span><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which is the main pronunciation in most of the peninsula except for western and southern <a href="/wiki/Yemeni_Arabic" title="Yemeni Arabic">Yemen</a> and parts of <a href="/wiki/Omani_Arabic" title="Omani Arabic">Oman</a> where <span class="nowrap">⟨<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="ج">ج</a></span></span>⟩</span> represents a <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɡ]</span> and <span class="nowrap">⟨<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%D9%82" class="mw-redirect" title="ق">ق</a></span></span>⟩</span> represents a <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[q]</span>. </p><p>The Standard Arabic (MSA) combination of <span class="nowrap">⟨<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="ج">ج</a></span></span>⟩</span> as a <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[d͡ʒ]</span> and <span class="nowrap">⟨<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%D9%82" class="mw-redirect" title="ق">ق</a></span></span>⟩</span> as a <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[q]</span> does not occur in any natural modern dialect in the Arabian peninsula, which shows a strong correlation between the palatalization of <span class="nowrap">⟨<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="ج">ج</a></span></span>⟩</span> to <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[d͡ʒ]</span> and the pronunciation of the <span class="nowrap">⟨<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%D9%82" class="mw-redirect" title="ق">ق</a></span></span>⟩</span> as a <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɡ]</span> as shown in the table below: </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">Languages - Dialects </th> <th colspan="2">Pronunciation of the letters </th></tr> <tr> <th>ج </th> <th>ق </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Proto-Semitic_language" title="Proto-Semitic language">Proto-Semitic</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_plosive" title="Voiced velar plosive">ɡ</a>]</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Velar_ejective_stop" title="Velar ejective stop">kʼ</a>]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Dialects in parts of Oman and Yemen<sup>1</sup> </td> <td rowspan="2"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_uvular_plosive" title="Voiceless uvular plosive">q</a>]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Modern_Standard_Arabic" title="Modern Standard Arabic">Modern Standard Arabic</a><sup>2</sup> </td> <td rowspan="2"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_postalveolar_affricate" title="Voiced postalveolar affricate">d͡ʒ</a>]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Dialects in most of the <a href="/wiki/Arabian_Peninsula" title="Arabian Peninsula">Arabian Peninsula</a> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_plosive" title="Voiced velar plosive">ɡ</a>]</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Notes: </p> <ol><li>Western and southern Yemen: <a href="/wiki/Ta%CA%BDizzi-Adeni_Arabic" title="Taʽizzi-Adeni Arabic">Taʽizzi, Adeni</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tihamiyya_Arabic" class="mw-redirect" title="Tihamiyya Arabic">Tihamiyya</a> dialects (coastal Yemen), in addition to southwestern (<a href="/wiki/Salalah" title="Salalah">Salalah</a> region) and eastern Oman, including <a href="/wiki/Muscat" title="Muscat">Muscat</a>, the capital.</li> <li>As used in the <a href="/wiki/Arabian_Peninsula" title="Arabian Peninsula">Arabian Peninsula</a>: in <a href="/wiki/Sanaa" title="Sanaa">Sanaa</a>; <span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">ق</span></span> is <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_plosive" title="Voiced velar plosive">ɡ</a>]</span> in <a href="/wiki/San%CA%BDani_Arabic" title="Sanʽani Arabic">Sanʽani dialect</a> and also in the literary standard (local MSA), whereas the literary standard pronunciation in <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a> is <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_uvular_plosive" title="Voiced uvular plosive">ɢ</a>]</span> or <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_plosive" title="Voiced velar plosive">ɡ</a>]</span>. For the pronunciation of <span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">ج</span></span> in Modern Standard Arabic, check <a href="/wiki/Gimel#Arabic_%C7%A7%C4%ABm" title="Gimel">Jīm</a>.</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pronunciation_across_other_languages">Pronunciation across other languages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Qoph&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Pronunciation across other languages" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Language </th> <th>Dialect(s) / Script(s) </th> <th>Pronunciation (<a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a>) </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/South_Azeri" class="mw-redirect" title="South Azeri">Azeri</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_alphabet#Azerbaijani_Arabic_alphabet" title="Azerbaijani alphabet">Arabic alphabet</a> </th> <td style="text-align:center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_plosive" title="Voiced velar plosive">g</a>/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Sorani" class="mw-redirect" title="Sorani">Kurdish</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Sorani_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Sorani alphabet">Sorani</a> </th> <td style="text-align:center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_uvular_plosive" title="Voiceless uvular plosive">q</a>/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Malay_language" title="Malay language">Malay</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Jawi_script" title="Jawi script">Jawi</a> </th> <td style="text-align:center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_uvular_plosive" title="Voiceless uvular plosive">q</a>/</span> or <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_plosive" title="Voiceless velar plosive">k</a>/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Pashto_alphabet" title="Pashto alphabet">Pashto</a> </th> <td style="text-align:center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_uvular_plosive" title="Voiceless uvular plosive">q</a>/</span> or <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_plosive" title="Voiceless velar plosive">k</a>/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Persian_alphabet" title="Persian alphabet">Persian</a> </th> <th>Dari </th> <td style="text-align:center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_uvular_plosive" title="Voiceless uvular plosive">q</a>/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Iranian </th> <td style="text-align:center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_uvular_plosive" title="Voiced uvular plosive">ɢ</a>/</span>~<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_fricative" title="Voiced velar fricative">ɣ</a>/</span> or <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_uvular_plosive" title="Voiceless uvular plosive">q</a>/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_language" title="Punjabi language">Punjabi</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Shahmukhi" title="Shahmukhi">Shahmukhi</a> </th> <td style="text-align:center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_uvular_plosive" title="Voiceless uvular plosive">q</a>/</span> or <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_plosive" title="Voiceless velar plosive">k</a>/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Urdu_Alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Urdu Alphabet">Urdu</a> </th> <td style="text-align:center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_uvular_plosive" title="Voiceless uvular plosive">q</a>/</span> or <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_plosive" title="Voiceless velar plosive">k</a>/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Uyghur_alphabets" title="Uyghur alphabets">Uyghur</a> </th> <td style="text-align:center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_uvular_plosive" title="Voiceless uvular plosive">q</a>/</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Maghribi_script_sura_5.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Maghribi_script_sura_5.jpg/195px-Maghribi_script_sura_5.jpg" decoding="async" width="195" height="204" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="628"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 195px;height: 204px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Maghribi_script_sura_5.jpg/195px-Maghribi_script_sura_5.jpg" data-width="195" data-height="204" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Maghribi_script_sura_5.jpg/293px-Maghribi_script_sura_5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Maghribi_script_sura_5.jpg/390px-Maghribi_script_sura_5.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>The Maghribi <a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">quran</a> manuscript renders <i><span title="DIN 31635 Arabic (Arabic language) transliteration"><i lang="ar-Latn">qāf</i></span></i> and <i><span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">fāʼ</i></span></i> differently than elsewhere would</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Maghrebi_variant">Maghrebi variant</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Qoph&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Maghrebi variant" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/%D9%81" class="mw-redirect" title="ف">ف</a>, a letter with the same initial and medial forms in other languages.</div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Maghrebi_script" title="Maghrebi script">Maghrebi style</a> of writing <i><span title="DIN 31635 Arabic (Arabic language) transliteration"><i lang="ar-Latn">qāf</i></span></i> is different: having only a single point (dot) above; when the letter is isolated or word-final, it may sometimes become unpointed.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <caption>The Maghrebi <i><span title="DIN 31635 Arabic (Arabic language) transliteration"><i lang="ar-Latn">qāf</i></span></i> </caption> <tbody><tr> <td>Position in word: </td> <th>Isolated </th> <th>Final </th> <th>Medial </th> <th>Initial </th></tr> <tr> <td>Form of letter: </td> <td style="font-size:300%;line-height:170%"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ڧ</span>‎<br><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ࢼ</span>‎ </td> <td style="font-size:300%;line-height:170%"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ـڧ</span>‎<br><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ـࢼ</span>‎ </td> <td style="font-size:300%;line-height:170%"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ـڧـ</span>‎ </td> <td style="font-size:300%;line-height:170%"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ڧـ</span>‎ </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The earliest Arabic manuscripts show <i><span title="DIN 31635 Arabic (Arabic language) transliteration"><i lang="ar-Latn">qāf</i></span></i> in several variants: pointed (above or below) or unpointed.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Then the prevalent convention was having a point above for <i><span title="DIN 31635 Arabic (Arabic language) transliteration"><i lang="ar-Latn">qāf</i></span></i> and a point below for <i><span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">fāʼ</i></span></i>; this practice is now only preserved in manuscripts from the Maghribi,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with the exception of Libya and Algeria, where the <a href="/wiki/Mashriq" title="Mashriq">Mashriqi</a> form (two dots above: <span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">ق</span></span>) prevails. </p><p>Within Maghribi texts, there is no possibility of confusing it with the letter <i><span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn"><a href="/wiki/F%C4%81%CA%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="Fāʼ">fāʼ</a></i></span></i>, as it is instead written with a dot underneath (<big><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ڢ</span>‎</big>) in the Maghribi script.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Hebrew_qof">Hebrew qof</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Qoph&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Hebrew qof" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <p>The <i>Oxford Hebrew-English Dictionary</i> transliterates the letter Qoph (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095"><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">קוֹף</span>‎) as <i><span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">q</i></span></i> or <i><span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">k</i></span></i>; and, when word-final, it may be transliterated as <i><span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">ck</i></span></i>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The English spellings of Biblical names (as derived via <a href="/wiki/Vulgate" title="Vulgate">Latin</a> from <a href="/wiki/LXX" class="mw-redirect" title="LXX">Biblical Greek</a>) containing this letter may represent it as <i>c</i> or <i>k</i>, e.g. <i>Cain</i> for Hebrew <i>Qayin</i>, or <i>Kenan</i> for <i>Qenan</i> (Genesis 4:1, 5:9). </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="5"><small><a href="/wiki/Orthography" title="Orthography">Orthographic</a> variants</small> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3"><small>Various print fonts</small> </th> <th rowspan="2"><small><a href="/wiki/Cursive_Hebrew" title="Cursive Hebrew">Cursive<br>Hebrew</a></small> </th> <th rowspan="2"><small><a href="/wiki/Rashi_script" title="Rashi script">Rashi<br>script</a></small> </th></tr> <tr> <th><small>Serif</small></th> <th><small><a href="/wiki/Sans-serif" title="Sans-serif">Sans-serif</a></small></th> <th><small><a href="/wiki/Monospaced" class="mw-redirect" title="Monospaced">Monospaced</a></small> </th></tr> <tr> <td width="20%"><span style="font:30pt 'Times New Roman', 'SBL Hebrew', David, Narkisim, 'New Peninim MT', 'Taamey Frank CLM', serif">ק</span> </td> <td width="20%"><span style="font:28pt Arial, 'DejaVu Sans Condensed', 'DejaVu Sans', Tahoma, 'Noto Sans Hebrew', Alef, sans-serif;">ק</span> </td> <td width="20%"><span style="font:30pt 'Courier New', 'Miriam Fixed', 'Miriam Mono CLM', FreeMono, monospace;">ק</span> </td> <td width="20%"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hebrew_letter_Kuf_handwriting.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Hebrew_letter_Kuf_handwriting.svg/22px-Hebrew_letter_Kuf_handwriting.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="59" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="1365"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 22px;height: 59px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Hebrew_letter_Kuf_handwriting.svg/22px-Hebrew_letter_Kuf_handwriting.svg.png" data-width="22" data-height="59" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Hebrew_letter_Kuf_handwriting.svg/33px-Hebrew_letter_Kuf_handwriting.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Hebrew_letter_Kuf_handwriting.svg/44px-Hebrew_letter_Kuf_handwriting.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </td> <td width="20%"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kuf_(Rashi-script_-_Hebrew_letter).svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Kuf_%28Rashi-script_-_Hebrew_letter%29.svg/40px-Kuf_%28Rashi-script_-_Hebrew_letter%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="74" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="68" data-file-height="125"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 40px;height: 74px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Kuf_%28Rashi-script_-_Hebrew_letter%29.svg/40px-Kuf_%28Rashi-script_-_Hebrew_letter%29.svg.png" data-width="40" data-height="74" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Kuf_%28Rashi-script_-_Hebrew_letter%29.svg/60px-Kuf_%28Rashi-script_-_Hebrew_letter%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Kuf_%28Rashi-script_-_Hebrew_letter%29.svg/80px-Kuf_%28Rashi-script_-_Hebrew_letter%29.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pronunciation_2">Pronunciation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Qoph&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Pronunciation" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">modern Israeli Hebrew</a> the letter <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_alphabet#Pronunciation_of_letter_names" title="Hebrew alphabet">is also called</a> <i><b><span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">kuf</i></span></b></i>. The letter represents <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/k/</span>; i.e., no distinction is made between the pronunciations of Qof and <a href="/wiki/Kaph" title="Kaph">Kaph with <i>Dagesh</i></a> (in modern Hebrew). </p><p>However, many historical groups have made that distinction, with Qof being pronounced <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_uvular_plosive" title="Voiceless uvular plosive">q</a>]</span> by <a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Jews" class="mw-redirect" title="Iraqi Jews">Iraqi Jews</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Mizrahi_Jews" title="Mizrahi Jews">Mizrahim</a>, or even as <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_plosive" title="Voiced velar plosive">ɡ</a>]</span> by <a href="/wiki/Yemenite_Jews" title="Yemenite Jews">Yemenite Jews</a> influenced by <a href="/wiki/Yemeni_Arabic" title="Yemeni Arabic">Yemeni Arabic</a>. </p><p>Qoph is consistently transliterated into classical Greek with the unaspirated〈κ〉/k/, while Kaph (both its allophones) is transliterated with the aspirated〈χ〉/kʰ/. Thus Qoph was unaspirated /k/ where Kaph was /kʰ/, this distinction is no longer present. Further we know that Qoph is one of the emphatic consonants through comparison with other Semitic languages, and most likely was ejective /kʼ/. In Arabic the emphatics are pharyngealised and this causes a preference for back vowels, this is not shown in Hebrew orthography. Though the gutturals show a preference for certain vowels, Hebrew emphatics do not in Tiberian Hebrew (the Hebrew dialect recorded with vowels) and therefore were most likely not pharyngealised, but ejective, pharyngealisation being a result of Arabisation.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Numeral">Numeral</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Qoph&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Numeral" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Qof in <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_numerals" title="Hebrew numerals">Hebrew numerals</a> represents the number 100. <a href="/wiki/Sarah" title="Sarah">Sarah</a> is described in <a href="/wiki/Genesis_Rabba" class="mw-redirect" title="Genesis Rabba">Genesis Rabba</a> as <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095"><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">בת ק' כבת כ' שנה לחטא</span>‎, literally "At Qof years of age, she was like <a href="/wiki/Kaph" title="Kaph">Kaph</a> years of age in sin", meaning that when she was 100 years old, she was as sinless as when she was 20.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Syriac_qop">Syriac qop</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Qoph&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Syriac qop" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <table class="wikitable" style="line-height:1.6;text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="row" style="line-height:1.5;text-align:left">Position in word </th> <th scope="col">Isolated </th> <th scope="col">Final </th> <th scope="col">Medial </th> <th scope="col">Initial </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left">Glyph form:<br>(<a href="/wiki/Help:Arabic" title="Help:Arabic">Help</a>) </th> <td style="font-size:3em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ܩ‎</span>‎ </td> <td style="font-size:3em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ـܩ‎</span>‎ </td> <td style="font-size:3em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ـܩ‎ـ</span>‎ </td> <td style="font-size:3em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ܩ‎ـ</span>‎ </td></tr></tbody></table> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Unicode">Unicode</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Qoph&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Unicode" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <table class="wikitable template-charmap" style="text-align:right"> <caption>Character information </caption> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center"> <th scope="row">Preview</th> <th colspan="2" style="font-size:150%">ק</th> <th colspan="2" style="font-size:150%">ق</th> <th colspan="2" style="font-size:150%">ڧ</th> <th colspan="2" style="font-size:150%">ࢼ</th> <th colspan="2" style="font-size:150%">ܩ</th> <th colspan="2" style="font-size:150%">ࠒ </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273787049">.mw-parser-output table.template-charmap tr:first-child{height:50px}.mw-parser-output table.template-charmap tr:first-child th[colspan]{height:100%}.mw-parser-output table.template-charmap tr:first-child th[colspan]>div{height:100%;display:flex;justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output table.template-charmap tr:first-child th[colspan]>div>div{display:flex;flex-direction:column;padding:0 0.5em}.mw-parser-output table.template-charmap tr:first-child th[colspan]>div>div>span:nth-child(2){margin:auto;padding:10px 0;font-size:150%;font-family:monospace;line-height:1}.mw-parser-output table.template-charmap .smallcaps-cm{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output table.template-charmap td:first-child{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output table.template-charmap .template-charmap-numchr td:nth-child(n/**/+2){font-size:90%;font-family:monospace;padding:2px}</style>Unicode name </th> <td colspan="2" class="smallcaps-cm">HEBREW LETTER QOF </td> <td colspan="2" class="smallcaps-cm">ARABIC LETTER QAF </td> <td colspan="2" class="smallcaps-cm">ARABIC LETTER QAF WITH DOT ABOVE </td> <td colspan="2" class="smallcaps-cm">ARABIC LETTER AFRICAN QAF </td> <td colspan="2" class="smallcaps-cm">SYRIAC LETTER QAPH </td> <td colspan="2" class="smallcaps-cm">SAMARITAN LETTER QUF </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left;">Encodings</th> <th>decimal</th> <th>hex</th> <th>dec</th> <th>hex</th> <th>dec</th> <th>hex</th> <th>dec</th> <th>hex</th> <th>dec</th> <th>hex</th> <th>dec</th> <th>hex </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a></td> <td>1511</td> <td>U+05E7</td> <td>1602</td> <td>U+0642</td> <td>1703</td> <td>U+06A7</td> <td>2236</td> <td>U+08BC</td> <td>1833</td> <td>U+0729</td> <td>2066</td> <td>U+0812 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/UTF-8" title="UTF-8">UTF-8</a></td> <td>215 167</td> <td>D7 A7</td> <td>217 130</td> <td>D9 82</td> <td>218 167</td> <td>DA A7</td> <td>224 162 188</td> <td>E0 A2 BC</td> <td>220 169</td> <td>DC A9</td> <td>224 160 146</td> <td>E0 A0 92 </td></tr> <tr class="template-charmap-numchr"> <td><a href="/wiki/Numeric_character_reference" title="Numeric character reference">Numeric character reference</a></td> <td>&#1511;<wbr></wbr></td> <td>&#x5E7;<wbr></wbr></td> <td>&#1602;<wbr></wbr></td> <td>&#x642;<wbr></wbr></td> <td>&#1703;<wbr></wbr></td> <td>&#x6A7;<wbr></wbr></td> <td>&#2236;<wbr></wbr></td> <td>&#x8BC;<wbr></wbr></td> <td>&#1833;<wbr></wbr></td> <td>&#x729;<wbr></wbr></td> <td>&#2066;<wbr></wbr></td> <td>&#x812;<wbr></wbr> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br> </p> <table class="wikitable template-charmap" style="text-align:right"> <caption>Character information </caption> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center"> <th scope="row">Preview</th> <th colspan="2" style="font-size:150%">𐎖</th> <th colspan="2" style="font-size:150%">𐡒</th> <th colspan="2" style="font-size:150%">𐤒 </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1273787049">Unicode name </th> <td colspan="2" class="smallcaps-cm">UGARITIC LETTER QOPA </td> <td colspan="2" class="smallcaps-cm">IMPERIAL ARAMAIC LETTER QOPH </td> <td colspan="2" class="smallcaps-cm">PHOENICIAN LETTER QOF </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left;">Encodings</th> <th>decimal</th> <th>hex</th> <th>dec</th> <th>hex</th> <th>dec</th> <th>hex </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a></td> <td>66454</td> <td>U+10396</td> <td>67666</td> <td>U+10852</td> <td>67858</td> <td>U+10912 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/UTF-8" title="UTF-8">UTF-8</a></td> <td>240 144 142 150</td> <td>F0 90 8E 96</td> <td>240 144 161 146</td> <td>F0 90 A1 92</td> <td>240 144 164 146</td> <td>F0 90 A4 92 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/UTF-16" title="UTF-16">UTF-16</a></td> <td>55296 57238</td> <td>D800 DF96</td> <td>55298 56402</td> <td>D802 DC52</td> <td>55298 56594</td> <td>D802 DD12 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Numeric_character_reference" title="Numeric character reference">Numeric character reference</a></td> <td>&#66454;<wbr></wbr></td> <td>&#x10396;<wbr></wbr></td> <td>&#67666;<wbr></wbr></td> <td>&#x10852;<wbr></wbr></td> <td>&#67858;<wbr></wbr></td> <td>&#x10912;<wbr></wbr> </td></tr></tbody></table> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Qoph&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> Travers Wood, Henry Craven Ord Lanchester, <i>A Hebrew Grammar</i>, 1913, p. 7. A. B. Davidson, <i>Hebrew Primer and Grammar</i>, 2000, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=L3e0nqF9_1MC&pg=RA1-PA4">p. 4</a>. The meaning is doubtful. "Eye of a needle" has been suggested, and also "knot" Harvard Studies in Classical Philology vol. 45.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> Isaac Taylor, <i>History of the Alphabet: Semitic Alphabets, Part 1</i>, 2003, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.52285/page/n1/mode/1up">p. 174</a>: "The old explanation, which has again been revived by Halévy, is that it denotes an 'ape,' the character <i>Q</i> being taken to represent an ape with its tail hanging down. It may also be referred to a Talmudic root which would signify an 'aperture' of some kind, as the 'eye of a needle,' ... Lenormant adopts the more usual explanation that the word means a 'knot'.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> Qop may have been assigned the sound value /kʷʰ/ in <a href="/wiki/Archaic_Greek_alphabets" title="Archaic Greek alphabets">early Greek</a>; as this was allophonic with /pʰ/ in certain contexts and certain dialects, the letter qoppa continued as the letter phi. C. Brixhe, "History of the Alpbabet", in Christidēs, Arapopoulou, & Chritē, eds., 2007, A History of Ancient Greek.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:3_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFal-Banduri2018" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">al-Banduri, Muhammad (2018-11-16). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.alquds.co.uk/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%B7-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A-%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%B2-%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A8-%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA/">"الخطاط المغربي عبد العزيز مجيب بين التقييد الخطي والترنح الحروفي"</a> [Moroccan calligrapher Abd al-Aziz Mujib: between calligraphic restriction and alphabetic staggering]. <i>Al-Quds</i> (in Arabic)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-12-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al-Quds&rft.atitle=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%B7+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A+%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%B2+%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A8+%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%8A%D9%8A%D8%AF+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%B7%D9%8A+%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%AD+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%81%D9%8A&rft.date=2018-11-16&rft.aulast=al-Banduri&rft.aufirst=Muhammad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.alquds.co.uk%2F%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%B7-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A-%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%B2-%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A8-%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQoph" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>e.g.</i>, <i>The Encyclopaedia of Islam</i>, Second Edition</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Kees_Versteegh" title="Kees Versteegh">Kees Versteegh</a>, <i>The Arabic Language</i>, pg. 131. <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a>: <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_University_Press" title="Edinburgh University Press">Edinburgh University Press</a>, 2001. Paperback edition. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780748614363" title="Special:BookSources/9780748614363">9780748614363</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAl-Jallad2020" class="citation book cs1">Al-Jallad, Ahmad (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/38100372"><i>A Manual of the Historical Grammar of Arabic (Draft)</i></a>. p. 47.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Manual+of+the+Historical+Grammar+of+Arabic+%28Draft%29&rft.pages=47&rft.date=2020&rft.aulast=Al-Jallad&rft.aufirst=Ahmad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F38100372&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQoph" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSamy_Swayd2015" class="citation book cs1">Samy Swayd (10 March 2015). <i>Historical Dictionary of the Druzes</i> (2 ed.). Rowman & Littlefield. p. 50. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4422-4617-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4422-4617-1"><bdi>978-1-4422-4617-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+the+Druzes&rft.pages=50&rft.edition=2&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2015-03-10&rft.isbn=978-1-4422-4617-1&rft.au=Samy+Swayd&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQoph" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">This variance has led to the <a href="/wiki/Muammar_al-Gaddafi#Name" class="mw-redirect" title="Muammar al-Gaddafi">confusion over the spelling</a> of <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libyan</a> leader <a href="/wiki/Muammar_al-Gaddafi" class="mw-redirect" title="Muammar al-Gaddafi">Muammar al-Gaddafi</a>'s name in Latin letters. In Western Arabic dialects the sound <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_uvular_plosive" title="Voiceless uvular plosive">q</a>]</span> is more preserved but can also be sometimes pronounced <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_plosive" title="Voiced velar plosive">ɡ</a>]</span> or as a simple <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_plosive" title="Voiceless velar plosive">k</a>]</span> under <a href="/wiki/Berber_languages" title="Berber languages">Berber</a> and <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a> influence.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ingham1994-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ingham1994_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBruce_Ingham1994" class="citation book cs1">Bruce Ingham (1 January 1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=t1W7sEB_Kg8C"><i>Najdi Arabic: Central Arabian</i></a>. John Benjamins Publishing. p. 14. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-272-3801-4" title="Special:BookSources/90-272-3801-4"><bdi>90-272-3801-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Najdi+Arabic%3A+Central+Arabian&rft.pages=14&rft.pub=John+Benjamins+Publishing&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.isbn=90-272-3801-4&rft.au=Bruce+Ingham&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dt1W7sEB_Kg8C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQoph" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLewis2013" class="citation thesis cs1">Lewis, Robert Jr. (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180619075254/http://home.uchicago.edu/~robertlewis/writings/thesis.pdf"><i>Complementizer Agreement in Najdi Arabic</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (MA thesis). University of Kansas. p. 5. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://home.uchicago.edu/~robertlewis/writings/thesis.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on June 19, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Complementizer+Agreement+in+Najdi+Arabic&rft.degree=MA&rft.inst=University+of+Kansas&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=Robert+Jr.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhome.uchicago.edu%2F~robertlewis%2Fwritings%2Fthesis.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQoph" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFal_Nassir1985" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">al Nassir, Abdulmunʿim Abdulamir (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/10917/1/354409.pdf"><i>Sibawayh the Phonologist</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Arabic). University of New York. p. 80<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sibawayh+the+Phonologist&rft.pages=80&rft.pub=University+of+New+York&rft.date=1985&rft.aulast=al+Nassir&rft.aufirst=Abdulmun%CA%BFim+Abdulamir&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fetheses.whiterose.ac.uk%2F10917%2F1%2F354409.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQoph" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFvan_den_Boogert1989" class="citation journal cs1">van den Boogert, N. (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.islamicmanuscripts.info/reference/articles/boogert_notes_maghribi_script.PDF">"Some notes on Maghrebi script"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Manuscript of the Middle East</i>. <b>4</b>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Manuscript+of+the+Middle+East&rft.atitle=Some+notes+on+Maghrebi+script&rft.volume=4&rft.date=1989&rft.aulast=van+den+Boogert&rft.aufirst=N.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.islamicmanuscripts.info%2Freference%2Farticles%2Fboogert_notes_maghribi_script.PDF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQoph" class="Z3988"></span> p. 38 shows <i><span title="DIN 31635 Arabic (Arabic language) transliteration"><i lang="ar-Latn">qāf</i></span></i> with a superscript point in all four positions.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGacek2008" class="citation book cs1">Gacek, Adam (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GfZYCcOL8dYC&pg=PA61"><i>The Arabic Manuscript Tradition</i></a>. Brill. p. 61. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-16540-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-16540-3"><bdi>978-90-04-16540-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Arabic+Manuscript+Tradition&rft.pages=61&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-90-04-16540-3&rft.aulast=Gacek&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGfZYCcOL8dYC%26pg%3DPA61&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQoph" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGacek2009" class="citation book cs1">Gacek, Adam (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NeaHnLb6RdUC&pg=PA145"><i>Arabic Manuscripts: A Vademecum for Readers</i></a>. Brill. p. 145. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-17036-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-17036-0"><bdi>978-90-04-17036-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Arabic+Manuscripts%3A+A+Vademecum+for+Readers&rft.pages=145&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-90-04-17036-0&rft.aulast=Gacek&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNeaHnLb6RdUC%26pg%3DPA145&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQoph" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Muhammad Ghoniem, M S M Saifullah, <sup>c</sup>Abd ar-Rahmân Robert Squires & <sup>c</sup>Abdus Samad, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.islamic-awareness.org/Quran/Text/Scribal/scribal.html">Are There Scribal Errors In The Qur'ân?</a>, see <i><span title="DIN 31635 Arabic (Arabic language) transliteration"><i lang="ar-Latn">qif</i></span></i> on a traffic sign written <big><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ڧڢ</span>‎</big> which is written elsewhere as <span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">قف</span></span>, Retrieved 2011-August-27</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRabbi_Ari_Kahn2013" class="citation web cs1">Rabbi Ari Kahn (20 October 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aish.com/tp/i/moha/The-First-Matriarch.html">"A deeper look at the life of Sarah"</a>. aish.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 9,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+deeper+look+at+the+life+of+Sarah.&rft.pub=aish.com&rft.date=2013-10-20&rft.au=Rabbi+Ari+Kahn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aish.com%2Ftp%2Fi%2Fmoha%2FThe-First-Matriarch.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQoph" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Qoph&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> 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data-user-name="Abo Yemen" data-user-gender="male" data-timestamp="1738495923"> <span>Last edited on 2 February 2025, at 11:32</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qof" title="Qof – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Qof" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuf" title="Kuf – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Kuf" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qop" title="Qop – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Qop" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qoph" title="Qoph – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Qoph" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82" title="ق – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ق" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qof" title="Qof – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Qof" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qof" title="Qof – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Qof" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%84_(%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0)" title="Коф (буква) – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Коф (буква)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kof" title="Kof – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kof" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cofe" title="Cofe – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cofe" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qoph" title="Qoph – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Qoph" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuf" title="Kuf – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Kuf" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82" title="ق – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ق" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qoph" title="Qoph – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="Qoph" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img 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