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<div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"/g/" redirects here. For the 4chan /g/ board, see <a href="/wiki/4chan#History" title="4chan">4chan § History</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151960987">body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox table{display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox caption{display:table-caption}</style>The voiced velar plosive or stop is a type of <a href="/wiki/Consonant" title="Consonant">consonantal</a> sound used in many <a href="/wiki/Speech_communication" class="mw-redirect" title="Speech communication">spoken</a> <a href="/wiki/Language" title="Language">languages</a>. <table class="infobox" style="width: 16em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background: #f2f2ce;">Voiced velar plosive</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ffffe6;">ɡ</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/IPA_number" title="IPA number">IPA number</a></th><td class="infobox-data">110</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ffffe6;">Audio sample</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data center"><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="150" style="width:150px;" data-durationhint="2" data-mwtitle="Voiced_velar_plosive_02.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/12/Voiced_velar_plosive_02.ogg" type='audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"' data-width="0" data-height="0"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/12/Voiced_velar_plosive_02.ogg/Voiced_velar_plosive_02.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0"></source></audio> <div><a href="/wiki/File:Voiced_velar_plosive_02.ogg" title="File:Voiced velar plosive 02.ogg">source</a> · <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Media_help" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Media help">help</a></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ffffe6;">Encoding</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Entity <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style>(decimal)</th><td class="infobox-data"><code>&#609;</code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Unicode <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">(hex)</th><td class="infobox-data">U+0261</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/X-SAMPA" title="X-SAMPA">X-SAMPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><code>g</code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/IPA_Braille" title="IPA Braille">Braille</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1262716500">.mw-parser-output .brai_img img{background:#f8f9fa!important}.mw-parser-output .brai_img_transparent img{background:transparent!important}</style><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_G7.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠛ (braille pattern dots-1245) U+281B"><img alt="⠛ (braille pattern dots-1245)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Braille_G7.svg/25px-Braille_G7.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Braille_G7.svg/38px-Braille_G7.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Braille_G7.svg/50px-Braille_G7.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215"></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="width:100%; margin:0; border:0; background: transparent;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background:#FFFFE6; border:0;">Image </th></tr> <tr> <td class="center" style="background: transparent; border:0;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x0261.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/IPA_Unicode_0x0261.svg/150px-IPA_Unicode_0x0261.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/IPA_Unicode_0x0261.svg/225px-IPA_Unicode_0x0261.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/IPA_Unicode_0x0261.svg/300px-IPA_Unicode_0x0261.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16"></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> Some languages have the voiced pre-velar plosive,<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> which is articulated slightly more front compared with the place of articulation of the prototypical velar plosive, though not as front as the prototypical <a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_plosive" title="Voiced palatal plosive">palatal plosive</a>. Conversely, some languages have the voiced post-velar plosive,<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> which is articulated slightly behind the place of articulation of the prototypical velar plosive, though not as back as the prototypical <a href="/wiki/Voiced_uvular_plosive" title="Voiced uvular plosive">uvular plosive</a>. <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#IPA_symbol">1 IPA symbol</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Features">2 Features</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Varieties">3 Varieties</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Occurrence">4 Occurrence</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#See_also">5 See also</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#Notes">6 Notes</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#References">7 References</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#External_links">8 External links</a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><h2 id="IPA_symbol">IPA symbol</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Voiced_velar_plosive&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: IPA symbol" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> The symbol in the <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">International Phonetic Alphabet</a> that represents this sound is ⟨ɡ⟩, and the equivalent <a href="/wiki/X-SAMPA" title="X-SAMPA">X-SAMPA</a> symbol is <code>g</code>. Strictly, the IPA symbol is the so-called single-storey G <a href="/wiki/File:Opentail_g.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Opentail_g.svg/10px-Opentail_g.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="17" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="115" data-file-height="196"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 10px;height: 17px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Opentail_g.svg/10px-Opentail_g.svg.png" data-width="10" data-height="17" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Opentail_g.svg/15px-Opentail_g.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Opentail_g.svg/20px-Opentail_g.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a>, but the double-storey G <a href="/wiki/File:Looptail_g.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Looptail_g.svg/10px-Looptail_g.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="132" data-file-height="196"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 10px;height: 15px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Looptail_g.svg/10px-Looptail_g.svg.png" data-width="10" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Looptail_g.svg/15px-Looptail_g.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Looptail_g.svg/20px-Looptail_g.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> is considered an acceptable alternative. The Unicode character <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049734">.mw-parser-output .monospaced{font-family:monospace,monospace}</style>U+0067 g LATIN SMALL LETTER G renders as either a single-storey G or a double-storey G depending on font; the character <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734">U+0261 ɡ LATIN SMALL LETTER SCRIPT G is always a single-storey G, but it is generally available only in fonts supporting the <a href="/wiki/IPA_Extensions" title="IPA Extensions">IPA Extensions</a> <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> character block. </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><h2 id="Features">Features</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Voiced_velar_plosive&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Features" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <a href="/wiki/File:Voiced_velar_plosive.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Voiced_velar_plosive.svg/150px-Voiced_velar_plosive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="159" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="378" data-file-height="400"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 150px;height: 159px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Voiced_velar_plosive.svg/150px-Voiced_velar_plosive.svg.png" data-width="150" data-height="159" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Voiced_velar_plosive.svg/225px-Voiced_velar_plosive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Voiced_velar_plosive.svg/300px-Voiced_velar_plosive.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> Features of the voiced velar stop: <ul><li>Its <a href="/wiki/Manner_of_articulation" title="Manner of articulation">manner of articulation</a> is <a href="/wiki/Occlusive_(phonetics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Occlusive (phonetics)">occlusive</a>, which means it is produced by obstructing airflow in the vocal tract. Since the consonant is also oral, with no <a href="/wiki/Nasal_consonant" title="Nasal consonant">nasal outlet</a>, the airflow is blocked entirely, and the consonant is a <a href="/wiki/Plosive" title="Plosive">plosive</a>.</li> <li>Its <a href="/wiki/Place_of_articulation" title="Place of articulation">place of articulation</a> is <a href="/wiki/Velar_consonant" title="Velar consonant">velar</a>, which means it is articulated with the back of the <a href="/wiki/Tongue" title="Tongue">tongue</a> (the dorsum) at the <a href="/wiki/Soft_palate" title="Soft palate">soft palate</a>.</li> <li>Its <a href="/wiki/Phonation" title="Phonation">phonation</a> is voiced, which means the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation.</li> <li>It is an <a href="/wiki/Oral_consonant" title="Oral consonant">oral consonant</a>, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.</li> <li>It is a <a href="/wiki/Central_consonant" title="Central consonant">central consonant</a>, which means it is produced by directing the airstream along the center of the tongue, rather than to the sides.</li> <li>Its <a href="/wiki/Airstream_mechanism" title="Airstream mechanism">airstream mechanism</a> is <a href="/wiki/Pulmonic_egressive" class="mw-redirect" title="Pulmonic egressive">pulmonic</a>, which means it is articulated by pushing air solely with the <a href="/wiki/Intercostal_muscle" class="mw-redirect" title="Intercostal muscle">intercostal muscles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Abdominal_muscles" title="Abdominal muscles">abdominal muscles</a>, as in most sounds.</li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><h2 id="Varieties">Varieties</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Voiced_velar_plosive&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Varieties" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>IPA</th> <th>Description </th></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size:1.714em">ɡ</td> <td>plain ɡ </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size:1.714em">ɡʱ</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Breathy_voice" title="Breathy voice">breathy</a> ɡ </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size:1.714em">ɡʲ</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Palatalization_(phonetics)" title="Palatalization (phonetics)">palatalized</a> ɡ </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size:1.714em">ɡʷ</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Labialized" class="mw-redirect" title="Labialized">labialized</a> ɡ </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size:1.714em">ɡ̚</td> <td>ɡ with <a href="/wiki/No_audible_release" title="No audible release">no audible release</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size:1.714em">ɡ̥</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiceless" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless">voiceless</a> ɡ </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size:1.714em">ɡ͈</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tenseness" title="Tenseness">tense</a> ɡ </td></tr></tbody></table> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><h2 id="Occurrence">Occurrence</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Voiced_velar_plosive&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Occurrence" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> Of the six stops that would be expected from the most common pattern worldwide—that is, three places of articulation plus voicing ([p b, t d, k ɡ])—[p] and [ɡ] are the most frequently missing, being absent in about 10% of languages that otherwise have this pattern. Absent stop [p] is an <a href="/wiki/Areal_feature" title="Areal feature">areal feature</a> (see also <a href="/wiki/Voiceless_bilabial_stop" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless bilabial stop">Voiceless bilabial stop</a>). Missing [ɡ], (when the language uses voicing to contrast stops) on the other hand, is widely scattered around the world, for example /ɡ/ is not a native phoneme of Belarusian, Dutch, Czech, or Slovak and occurs only in borrowed words in those languages. A few languages, such as <a href="/wiki/Modern_Standard_Arabic" title="Modern Standard Arabic">Modern Standard Arabic</a> and part of the <a href="/wiki/Levantine_Arabic" title="Levantine Arabic">Levantine</a> dialects (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Lebanese_Arabic" title="Lebanese Arabic">Lebanese</a> and <a href="/wiki/Syrian_arabic" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrian arabic">Syrian</a>), are missing both, although most Modern <a href="/wiki/Arabic_dialects" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic dialects">Arabic dialects</a> have /ɡ/ in their native phonemic systems as a reflex of ⟨<a href="/wiki/%D9%82" class="mw-redirect" title="ق">ق</a>⟩ or less commonly of ⟨<a href="/wiki/%D8%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="ج">ج</a>⟩. It seems that [ɡ] is somewhat more difficult to articulate than the other basic stops. <a href="/wiki/Ian_Maddieson" title="Ian Maddieson">Ian Maddieson</a> speculates that this may be due to a physical difficulty in voicing velars: Voicing requires that air flow into the mouth cavity, and the relatively small space allowed by the position of velar consonants means that it will fill up with air quickly, making voicing difficult to maintain in [ɡ] for as long as it is in [d] or [b]. This could have two effects: [ɡ] and [k] might become confused, and the distinction is lost, or perhaps a [ɡ] never develops when a language first starts making voicing distinctions. With uvulars, where there is even less space between the <a href="/wiki/Glottis" title="Glottis">glottis</a> and tongue for airflow, the imbalance is more extreme: Voiced [ɢ] is much rarer than voiceless [q].<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> In many <a href="/wiki/Indo-Aryan_languages" title="Indo-Aryan languages">Indo-Aryan languages</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Hindustani_language" title="Hindustani language">Hindustani</a>, plain [g] and <a href="/wiki/Aspiration_(phonetics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Aspiration (phonetics)">aspirated</a> [gh] are in <a href="/wiki/Contrastive_distribution" title="Contrastive distribution">contrastive distribution</a>. <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Language</th> <th>Word</th> <th><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a></th> <th>Meaning</th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Abkhaz_language" title="Abkhaz language">Abkhaz</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Abkhaz_alphabet" title="Abkhaz alphabet">ажыга</a>/ažëga</td> <td>[aˈʐəɡa]</td> <td>'shovel'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Abkhaz_phonology" title="Abkhaz phonology">Abkhaz phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Adyghe_language" title="Adyghe language">Adyghe</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shapsug_Adyghe_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Shapsug Adyghe dialect">Shapsug</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_script" title="Cyrillic script">гьэгуалъэ</a>/gägwaĺa</td> <td><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui='{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/0\/0f\/%D0%93%D1%8C%D1%8D%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8A%D1%8D.ogg\/%D0%93%D1%8C%D1%8D%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8A%D1%8D.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"[\u0261\u02b2a\u0261\u02b7a\u02d0\u026ca]<\/span>"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"\u0413\u044c\u044d\u0433\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044a\u044d.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton"]}'><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0f/%D0%93%D1%8C%D1%8D%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8A%D1%8D.ogg/%D0%93%D1%8C%D1%8D%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8A%D1%8D.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button">[ɡʲaɡʷaːɬa]</a><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%93%D1%8C%D1%8D%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8A%D1%8D.ogg" title="File:Гьэгуалъэ.ogg">ⓘ</a></td> <td>'toy'</td> <td>Dialectal. Corresponds to [d͡ʒ] in other dialects. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Temirgoy_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Temirgoy people">Temirgoy</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_script" title="Cyrillic script">чъыгы</a>/ čëgë</td> <td><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-2" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui='{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/6\/65\/%D0%A7%D1%8A%D1%8B%D0%B3%D1%8B2.ogg\/%D0%A7%D1%8A%D1%8B%D0%B3%D1%8B2.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"[t\u0361\u0282\u0259\u0261\u0259]<\/span>"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"\u0427\u044a\u044b\u0433\u044b2.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton"]}'><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/65/%D0%A7%D1%8A%D1%8B%D0%B3%D1%8B2.ogg/%D0%A7%D1%8A%D1%8B%D0%B3%D1%8B2.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button">[t͡ʂəɡə]</a><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%A7%D1%8A%D1%8B%D0%B3%D1%8B2.ogg" title="File:Чъыгы2.ogg">ⓘ</a></td> <td>'tree'</td> <td>Dialectal. Corresponds to [ɣ] in other dialects. </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Albanian_language" title="Albanian language">Albanian</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Albanian_alphabet" title="Albanian alphabet">gomar</a></td> <td>[ˈɡomaɾ]</td> <td>'donkey'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="8"><a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatson200216%E2%80%9317-4">[4]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Moroccan_Arabic" title="Moroccan Arabic">Moroccan</a> </td> <td><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1227789315">.mw-parser-output .script-arabic{font-family:"Scheherazade New","SF Arabic",Amiri,"Noto Naskh Arabic","Droid Arabic Naskh","Noto Sans Arabic","Sakkal Majalla","Harmattan","Arabic Typesetting","Arabic Transparent","Times New Roman",Arial,Calibri,"Microsoft Sans Serif","Segoe UI",serif,sans-serif;font-weight:normal}</style>أݣادير‎/'agaadiir </td> <td>[ʔaɡaːdiːr] </td> <td>'<a href="/wiki/Agadir" title="Agadir">Agadir</a>' </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tunisian_Arabic" title="Tunisian Arabic">Tunisian</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315">ڨفصة‎‎/gafs'a </td> <td><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-3" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui='{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/e\/e1\/Gafsa.wav\/Gafsa.wav.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"[\u0261\u0251fs\u02e4\u0251]<\/span>"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Gafsa.wav"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton"]}'><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e1/Gafsa.wav/Gafsa.wav.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button">[ɡɑfsˤɑ]</a><a href="/wiki/File:Gafsa.wav" title="File:Gafsa.wav">ⓘ</a> </td> <td>'<a href="/wiki/Gafsa" title="Gafsa">Gafsa</a>' </td> <td>⟨<a href="/wiki/%DA%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="ڨ">ڨ</a>⟩ is also used in Algeria </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hejazi_Arabic" title="Hejazi Arabic">Hejazi</a></td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Arabic_alphabet" title="Arabic alphabet">قمر</a>/gamar</td> <td>[ɡamar]</td> <td rowspan="3">'moon'</td> <td rowspan="3">Corresponds to [<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_uvular_plosive" title="Voiceless uvular plosive">q</a>] in <a href="/wiki/Classical_Arabic" title="Classical Arabic">Classical</a> and <a href="/wiki/Modern_Standard_Arabic" title="Modern Standard Arabic">Modern Standard Arabic</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Najdi_Arabic" title="Najdi Arabic">Najdi</a> </td> <td>[ɡəmar] </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sa%27idi_Arabic" class="mw-redirect" title="Sa'idi Arabic">Sa'idi</a> </td> <td>[ɡɑmɑr] </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Yemeni_Arabic" title="Yemeni Arabic">Yemeni</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arabic_alphabet" title="Arabic alphabet">قال</a>/gääl</td> <td>[gæːl]</td> <td>'(he) said'</td> <td>Pronunciation of ⟨<a href="/wiki/%D9%82" class="mw-redirect" title="ق">ق</a>⟩ in <a href="/wiki/San%27ani_Arabic" class="mw-redirect" title="San'ani Arabic">San'ani</a> dialect in the North and Center and <a href="/wiki/Hadhrami_Arabic" title="Hadhrami Arabic">Hadhrami</a> in the East </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Arabic_alphabet" title="Arabic alphabet">جمل</a>/gämäl </td> <td>[gæmæl] </td> <td>'camel' </td> <td>Pronunciation of ⟨<a href="/wiki/%D8%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="ج">ج</a>⟩ in <a href="/wiki/Ta%27izzi-Adeni_Arabic" class="mw-redirect" title="Ta'izzi-Adeni Arabic">Ta'izzi-Adeni</a> dialects in the South and <a href="/wiki/Tihamiyya_Arabic" class="mw-redirect" title="Tihamiyya Arabic">Tihami</a> in the West </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Arabic" title="Egyptian Arabic">Egyptian</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arabic_alphabet" title="Arabic alphabet">راجل</a>/raagel </td> <td>[ˈɾɑːɡel] </td> <td>'man' </td> <td>Standard pronunciation of ⟨<a href="/wiki/%D8%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="ج">ج</a>⟩ in Egypt and corresponds to /<a href="/wiki/Voiced_postalveolar_affricate" title="Voiced postalveolar affricate">dʒ</a>/, /<a href="/wiki/Voiced_postalveolar_fricative" title="Voiced postalveolar fricative">ʒ</a>/ or /<a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_plosive" title="Voiced palatal plosive">ɟ</a>/ in other pronunciations. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Armenian_language" title="Armenian language">Armenian</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Armenian" title="Eastern Armenian">Eastern</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDum-Tragut200913-5">[5]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Armenian_alphabet" title="Armenian alphabet">գանձ</a>/gandz</td> <td><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-4" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui='{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/7\/72\/G%C9%91ndz.ogg\/G%C9%91ndz.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"[\u0261\u0251ndz]<\/span>"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"G\u0251ndz.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton"]}'><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/72/G%C9%91ndz.ogg/G%C9%91ndz.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button">[ɡɑndz]</a><a href="/wiki/File:G%C9%91ndz.ogg" title="File:Gɑndz.ogg">ⓘ</a></td> <td>'treasure'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_Neo-Aramaic" class="mw-redirect" title="Assyrian Neo-Aramaic">Assyrian</a></td> <td>ܓܢܐ <a href="/wiki/Syriac_alphabet" title="Syriac alphabet">ɡana</a></td> <td>[ɡaːna]</td> <td>'self'</td> <td>Used predominantly in Urban Koine. Corresponds to [dʒ] in <a href="/wiki/Urmia" title="Urmia">Urmia</a>, some <a href="/wiki/Tyari" title="Tyari">Tyari</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jilu" title="Jilu">Jilu</a> dialects. </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_language" title="Azerbaijani language">Azerbaijani</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_alphabet" title="Azerbaijani alphabet">qara</a></td> <td>[ɡɑɾɑ]</td> <td>'black'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Basque_language" title="Basque language">Basque</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Basque_alphabet" title="Basque alphabet">galdu</a></td> <td>[ɡaldu]</td> <td>'lose'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bengali_alphabet" title="Bengali alphabet">গান</a>/gan</td> <td>[ɡan]</td> <td>'song'</td> <td>Contrasts with aspirated form. See <a href="/wiki/Bengali_phonology" title="Bengali phonology">Bengali phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_language" title="Bulgarian language">Bulgarian</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_alphabet" title="Bulgarian alphabet">гора</a>/gora</td> <td>[ɡora]</td> <td>'forest'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_phonology" title="Bulgarian phonology">Bulgarian phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Catalan_language" title="Catalan language">Catalan</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarbonellLlisterri199253-6">[6]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Catalan_orthography" title="Catalan orthography">guant</a></td> <td>[ˈɡwan̪(t̪)]</td> <td>'glove'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Catalan_phonology" title="Catalan phonology">Catalan phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Chechen_language" title="Chechen language">Chechen</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_script" title="Cyrillic script">говр</a>/gowr</td> <td>[ɡɔʊ̯r]</td> <td>'horse'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Czech_language" title="Czech language">Czech</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Czech_orthography" title="Czech orthography">gram</a></td> <td>[ɡram]</td> <td>'gram'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Czech_phonology" title="Czech phonology">Czech phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Danish_language" title="Danish language">Danish</a></td> <td>Standard<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoblirsch2018134%E2%80%935-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPuggaard-RodeHorslundJ%C3%B8rgensen2022-8">[8]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Danish_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Danish alphabet">lykke</a></td> <td>[ˈløɡə]</td> <td>'happiness'</td> <td>Only partially voiced; possible allophone of /ɡ/ in the intervocalic position. More often voiceless [<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_plosive" title="Voiceless velar plosive">k</a>].<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoblirsch2018134%E2%80%935-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPuggaard-RodeHorslundJ%C3%B8rgensen2022-8">[8]</a> See <a href="/wiki/Danish_phonology" title="Danish phonology">Danish phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a></td> <td>All dialects</td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Dutch_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Dutch alphabet">zakdoek</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-5" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui='{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/0\/07\/Nl-zakdoek.ogg\/Nl-zakdoek.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"[\u02c8z\u0251\u0261duk]<\/span>"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Nl-zakdoek.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton"]}'><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/07/Nl-zakdoek.ogg/Nl-zakdoek.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button">[ˈzɑɡduk]</a><a href="/wiki/File:Nl-zakdoek.ogg" title="File:Nl-zakdoek.ogg">ⓘ</a></td> <td rowspan="2">'tissue'</td> <td rowspan="2">Allophone of /k/, occurring only before voiced consonants in native words. See <a href="/wiki/Dutch_phonology" title="Dutch phonology">Dutch phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Standard<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGussenhoven199245-9">[9]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Many speakers</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dutch_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Dutch alphabet">goal</a></td> <td><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-6" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui='{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/1\/19\/Nl-goal.ogg\/Nl-goal.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"[\u0261o\u02d0\u026b]<\/span>"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Nl-goal.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton"]}'><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/19/Nl-goal.ogg/Nl-goal.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button">[ɡoːɫ]</a><a href="/wiki/File:Nl-goal.ogg" title="File:Nl-goal.ogg">ⓘ</a></td> <td>'goal'</td> <td>Only in loanwords. Some speakers may realize it as [<a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_fricative" title="Voiced velar fricative">ɣ</a>] ~ [<a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_fricative" title="Voiced palatal fricative">ʝ</a>] ~ [<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_uvular_fricative" title="Voiceless uvular fricative">χ</a>] ~ [<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_fricative" title="Voiceless velar fricative">x</a>] (like a normal Dutch ⟨g⟩), or as [<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_plosive" title="Voiceless velar plosive">k</a>]. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Amelands" title="Amelands">Amelands</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dutch_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Dutch alphabet">goëd</a></td> <td>[ɡuə̯d]</td> <td>'good'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/English_orthography" title="English orthography">gaggle</a></td> <td>[ˈɡæɡɫ̩]</td> <td>'gaggle'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/English_phonology" title="English phonology">English phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Filipino_language" title="Filipino language">Filipino</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Filipino_alphabet" title="Filipino alphabet">gulo</a></td> <td>[ɡulɔ]</td> <td>'commotion'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFougeronSmith199373-10">[10]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/French_orthography" title="French orthography">gain</a></td> <td>[ɡɛ̃]</td> <td>'earnings'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/French_phonology" title="French phonology">French phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Georgian_language" title="Georgian language">Georgian</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShostedChikovani2006255-11">[11]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Georgian_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Georgian alphabet">გული</a>/guli</td> <td>[ˈɡuli]</td> <td>'heart'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/German_orthography" title="German orthography">Lüge</a></td> <td>[ˈlyːɡə] <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-7" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui='{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/a\/af\/De-L%C3%BCge.ogg\/De-L%C3%BCge.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"De-L\u00fcge.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}'><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/af/De-L%C3%BCge.ogg/De-L%C3%BCge.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:De-L%C3%BCge.ogg" title="File:De-Lüge.ogg">ⓘ</a></td> <td>'lie'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Standard_German_phonology" title="Standard German phonology">Standard German phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Greek_alphabet" title="Greek alphabet">γκάρισμα</a> / <a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Greek" title="Romanization of Greek">gkárisma</a></td> <td>[ˈɡɐɾizmɐ]</td> <td>'donkey's bray'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Modern_Greek_phonology" title="Modern Greek phonology">Modern Greek phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Gujarati_language" title="Gujarati language">Gujarati</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gujarati_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Gujarati alphabet">ગાવું</a>/gávu</td> <td>[gaːʋʊ̃]</td> <td>'to sing'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Gujarati_phonology" title="Gujarati phonology">Gujarati phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_alphabet" title="Hebrew alphabet">גב</a>/gav</td> <td>[ɡav]</td> <td>'back'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Modern_Hebrew_phonology" title="Modern Hebrew phonology">Modern Hebrew phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Hindustani_language" title="Hindustani language">Hindustani</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Devan%C4%81gar%C4%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Devanāgarī">गाना/gáná</a> / <a href="/wiki/Nasta%27liq" class="mw-redirect" title="Nasta'liq">gáná/گانا</a></td> <td>[ɡɑːnɑː]</td> <td>'song'</td> <td>Contrasts with aspirated form. See <a href="/wiki/Hindustani_phonology" title="Hindustani phonology">Hindustani phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_language" title="Hungarian language">Hungarian</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_orthography" title="Hungarian orthography">engedély</a></td> <td>[ɛŋɡɛdeːj]</td> <td>'permission'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_phonology" title="Hungarian phonology">Hungarian phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Irish_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish Language">Irish</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Irish_orthography" title="Irish orthography">gaineamh</a></td> <td>[ˈɡanʲəw]</td> <td>'sand'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Irish_phonology" title="Irish phonology">Irish phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERogersd'Arcangeli2004117-12">[12]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Italian_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian alphabet">gare</a></td> <td>[ˈɡäːre]</td> <td>'competitions'</td> <td>[g] is represented by letter <a href="/wiki/G" title="G">G</a> when followed by vowels [a], [o] [u], while when in front of vowels [i], [e] and [ɛ], the pronunciation changes to <a href="/wiki/D%CD%A1%CA%92" class="mw-redirect" title="D͡ʒ">d͡ʒ</a>, for the phoneme [g] to appear on the vowels [i], [e] and [ɛ], the <a href="/wiki/Gh_(digraph)" title="Gh (digraph)">GH digraph</a> is used. </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOkada1999117-13">[13]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji">外套</a> / <a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Japanese" title="Romanization of Japanese">gaito</a></td> <td>[ɡaitoː]</td> <td>'overcoat'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Japanese_phonology" title="Japanese phonology">Japanese phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kabardian_language" title="Kabardian language">Kabardian</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Besleney#Language" title="Besleney">Baslaney</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyrillic alphabet">гьанэ</a>/ gäna</td> <td><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-8" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui='{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/6\/61\/%D0%93%D1%8C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8D.ogg\/%D0%93%D1%8C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8D.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"[\u0261\u02b2a\u02d0na]<\/span>"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"\u0413\u044c\u0430\u043d\u044d.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton"]}'><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/61/%D0%93%D1%8C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8D.ogg/%D0%93%D1%8C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8D.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button">[ɡʲaːna]</a><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%93%D1%8C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8D.ogg" title="File:Гьанэ.ogg">ⓘ</a></td> <td>'shirt'</td> <td>Dialectal. Corresponds to [dʒ] in other dialects. </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Kagayanen_language" title="Kagayanen language">Kagayanen</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOlsonMielkeSanicas-DagumanPebley2010206%E2%80%93207-14">[14]</a></td> <td>kalag</td> <td>[kað̞aɡ]</td> <td>'spirit'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Khmer_language" title="Khmer language">Khmer</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Khmer_script" title="Khmer script">ហ្គាស</a> / gas</td> <td>[gaːh]</td> <td>'gas'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Khmer_phonology" class="mw-redirect" title="Khmer phonology">Khmer phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hangul" title="Hangul">메기</a> / <a href="/wiki/Revised_Romanization_of_Korean" title="Revised Romanization of Korean">megi</a></td> <td>[meɡi]</td> <td>'catfish'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Korean_phonology" title="Korean phonology">Korean phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Limburgish" title="Limburgish">Limburgish</a> </td> <td>zegke </td> <td>[zεgə] </td> <td>'say' </td> <td>Common. Example from the <a href="/wiki/Weert_dialect" title="Weert dialect">Weert dialect</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_language" title="Lithuanian language">Lithuanian</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_orthography" title="Lithuanian orthography">garai</a></td> <td>[ɡɐrɐɪ̯ˑ]</td> <td>'steam'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_phonology" title="Lithuanian phonology">Lithuanian phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Luxembourgish_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Luxembourgish language">Luxembourgish</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGillesTrouvain201367%E2%80%9368-15">[15]</a></td> <td>agepack</td> <td>[ˈɑɡəpaːk]</td> <td>'gone about'</td> <td>More often voiceless [<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_plosive" title="Voiceless velar plosive">k</a>].<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGillesTrouvain201367%E2%80%9368-15">[15]</a> See <a href="/wiki/Luxembourgish_phonology" title="Luxembourgish phonology">Luxembourgish phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_language" title="Macedonian language">Macedonian</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_alphabet" title="Macedonian alphabet">гром</a>/grom</td> <td>[ɡrɔm]</td> <td>'thunder'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Macedonian_phonology" title="Macedonian phonology">Macedonian phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Malay_language" title="Malay language">Malay</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Malay_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Malay alphabet">guni</a></td> <td>[ɡuni]</td> <td>'sack'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Marathi_language" title="Marathi language">Marathi</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Devan%C4%81gar%C4%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Devanāgarī">गवत/gëvët</a></td> <td>[ɡəʋət]</td> <td>'grass'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Marathi_phonology" title="Marathi phonology">Marathi phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Nepali_language" title="Nepali language">Nepali</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari">गाउँ</a></td> <td>[ɡä̃ũ̯]</td> <td>'village'</td> <td>Contrasts with aspirated form. See <a href="/wiki/Nepali_phonology" title="Nepali phonology">Nepali phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_language" title="Norwegian language">Norwegian</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Norwegian alphabet">gull</a></td> <td>[ɡʉl]</td> <td>'gold'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_phonology" title="Norwegian phonology">Norwegian phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Odia_language" title="Odia language">Odia</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Odia_script" title="Odia script">ଗଛ</a>/gočho</td> <td>[ɡɔtʃʰɔ]</td> <td>'tree'</td> <td>Contrasts with aspirated form. </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Persian_orthography" class="mw-redirect" title="Persian orthography">گوشت</a>/guşt</td> <td>[guʃt]</td> <td>'meat'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJassem2003103-16">[16]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Polish_orthography" title="Polish orthography">gmin</a></td> <td><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-9" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui='{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/c\/cf\/Pl-gmin.ogg\/Pl-gmin.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"[\u0261m\u02b2in\u032a]<\/span>"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Pl-gmin.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton"]}'><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cf/Pl-gmin.ogg/Pl-gmin.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button">[ɡmʲin̪]</a><a href="/wiki/File:Pl-gmin.ogg" title="File:Pl-gmin.ogg">ⓘ</a></td> <td>'plebs'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Polish_phonology" title="Polish phonology">Polish phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECruz-Ferreira199591-17">[17]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_orthography" title="Portuguese orthography">língua</a></td> <td>[ˈɫĩɡwɐ]</td> <td>'tongue'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_phonology" title="Portuguese phonology">Portuguese phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_language" title="Punjabi language">Punjabi</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gurmukhi" title="Gurmukhi">ਗਾਂ</a>/gaa</td> <td>[ɡɑ̃ː]</td> <td>'cow'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Romanian_language" title="Romanian language">Romanian</a><a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Romanian_alphabet" title="Romanian alphabet">gând</a></td> <td>[ɡɨnd]</td> <td>'thought'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Romanian_phonology" title="Romanian phonology">Romanian phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPadgett200342-19">[19]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Russian_orthography" title="Russian orthography">голова</a>/golova</td> <td><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-10" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui='{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/d\/da\/Ru-%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0.ogg\/Ru-%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"[\u0261\u0259\u026b\u0250\u02c8va]<\/span>"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Ru-\u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton"]}'><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/da/Ru-%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0.ogg/Ru-%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button">[ɡəɫɐˈva]</a><a href="/wiki/File:Ru-%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0.ogg" title="File:Ru-голова.ogg">ⓘ</a></td> <td>'head'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Russian_phonology" title="Russian phonology">Russian phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Serbo-Croatian" title="Serbo-Croatian">Serbo-Croatian</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELandauLon%C4%8Dari%C4%87aHorga%C5%A0kari%C4%87199966-20">[20]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Serbian_Cyrillic_alphabet" title="Serbian Cyrillic alphabet">гост</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gaj%27s_Latin_alphabet" title="Gaj's Latin alphabet">gost</a></td> <td>[gȏ̞ːs̪t̪]</td> <td>'guest'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Serbo-Croatian_phonology" title="Serbo-Croatian phonology">Serbo-Croatian phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Slovak_language" title="Slovak language">Slovak</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Slovak_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Slovak alphabet">miazga</a></td> <td>[ˈmjäzɡä]</td> <td>'lymph'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Slovak_phonology" title="Slovak phonology">Slovak phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Slovene_language" title="Slovene language">Slovene</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Slovene_orthography" class="mw-redirect" title="Slovene orthography">gost</a> </td> <td>[ˈɡɔ̂s̪t̪] </td> <td>'guest' </td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Slovene_phonology" title="Slovene phonology">Slovene phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Somali_language" title="Somali language">Somali</a></td> <td>gaabi</td> <td>[ɡaːbi]</td> <td>'to shorten'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Somali_phonology" title="Somali phonology">Somali phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Southern_Min" title="Southern Min">Southern Min</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hokkien" title="Hokkien">Hokkien</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chinese_characters" title="Chinese characters">我</a>/<a href="/wiki/Pe%CC%8Dh-%C5%8De-j%C4%AB" title="Pe̍h-ōe-jī">góa</a> </td> <td>[ɡua˥˧] </td> <td>'I' </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMart%C3%ADnez-Celdr%C3%A1nFern%C3%A1ndez-PlanasCarrera-Sabat%C3%A92003255-21">[21]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Spanish_orthography" title="Spanish orthography">gato</a></td> <td>[ˈɡät̪o̞]</td> <td>'cat'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Spanish_phonology" title="Spanish phonology">Spanish phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Swahili_language" title="Swahili language">Swahili</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Swahili_orthography" class="mw-redirect" title="Swahili orthography">giza</a></td> <td>[ˈɡīzɑ]</td> <td>'darkness'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Swahili_phonology" class="mw-redirect" title="Swahili phonology">Swahili phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Swedish_language" title="Swedish language">Swedish</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Swedish_alphabet" title="Swedish alphabet">god</a></td> <td>[ɡuːd̪]</td> <td>'tasty'</td> <td>May be an <a href="/wiki/Velar_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Velar approximant">approximant</a> in casual speech. See <a href="/wiki/Swedish_phonology" title="Swedish phonology">Swedish phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Telugu_language" title="Telugu language">Telugu</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Telugu_script" title="Telugu script">గచ్చు/gacu</a></td> <td>[ɡat͡sːu]</td> <td>'Floor'</td> <td>contrasts with aspirated form (which is articulated as <a href="/wiki/Breathy_consonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Breathy consonant">breathy consonant</a>). </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Turkish_alphabet" title="Turkish alphabet">salgın</a></td> <td>[säɫˈɡɯn]</td> <td>'epidemic'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Turkish_phonology" title="Turkish phonology">Turkish phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_language" title="Ukrainian language">Ukrainian</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDanyenkoVakulenko19954-22">[22]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_alphabet" title="Ukrainian alphabet">ґанок</a> / ganok</td> <td>[ˈɡɑn̪ok]</td> <td>'porch'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_phonology" title="Ukrainian phonology">Ukrainian phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Welsh_language" title="Welsh language">Welsh</a> </td> <td>gwyn </td> <td>[ɡwɪn] or [ɡwɨ̞n] </td> <td>'white' </td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Welsh_phonology" title="Welsh phonology">Welsh phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/West_Frisian_language" title="West Frisian language">West Frisian</a></td> <td>gasp</td> <td>[ɡɔsp]</td> <td>'buckle' (n.)</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/West_Frisian_phonology" title="West Frisian phonology">West Frisian phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Wu_Chinese" title="Wu Chinese">Wu</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shanghainese" title="Shanghainese">Shanghainese</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chinese_characters" title="Chinese characters">狂</a>/guaon6 </td> <td>[ɡuɑ̃23] </td> <td>'crazy' </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Xiang_Chinese" title="Xiang Chinese">Xiang</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chinese_characters" title="Chinese characters">共</a>/wong </td> <td>[ɡoŋ] </td> <td>'together' </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Yi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Yi language">Yi</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yi_script" title="Yi script">ꈨ</a> / <a href="/wiki/Yi_script" title="Yi script">gge</a></td> <td>[ɡɤ˧]</td> <td>'hear'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Zapotec_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Zapotec language">Zapotec</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tilquiapan_Zapotec" title="Tilquiapan Zapotec">Tilquiapan</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMerrill2008108-23">[23]</a></td> <td>gan</td> <td>[ɡaŋ]</td> <td>'will be able'</td> <td>Depending on speaker and carefulness of speech, [ɡ] may be lenited to [ɣ] </td></tr></tbody></table> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Voiced_velar_plosive&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_phonetics_articles" title="Index of phonetics articles">Index of phonetics articles</a></li> <li>Arabic letters specifically to create the phoneme /ɡ/ in loanwords: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D8%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="ج">ج</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%DA%86" class="mw-redirect" title="چ">چ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D8%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="غ">غ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D9%82" class="mw-redirect" title="ق">ق</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%DA%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="ڨ">ڨ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D9%83" class="mw-redirect" title="ك">ك</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%DA%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="ڭ">ڭ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%DA%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="گ">گ</a></li></ul></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Voiced_velar_plosive&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Notes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> Instead of "pre-velar", it can be called "advanced velar", "fronted velar", "front-velar", "palato-velar", "post-palatal", "retracted palatal" or "backed palatal". </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> Instead of "post-velar", it can be called "retracted velar", "backed velar", "pre-uvular", "advanced uvular" or "fronted uvular". </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> WALS Online : <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wals.info/chapter/5">Chapter 5 – Voicing and Gaps in Plosive Systems</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120427101101/http://wals.info/chapter/5">Archived</a> 2012-04-27 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatson200216–17-4"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWatson200216%E2%80%9317_4-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWatson2002">Watson (2002)</a>, pp. 16–17. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDum-Tragut200913-5"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDum-Tragut200913_5-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDum-Tragut2009">Dum-Tragut (2009)</a>, p. 13. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECarbonellLlisterri199253-6"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarbonellLlisterri199253_6-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCarbonellLlisterri1992">Carbonell & Llisterri (1992)</a>, p. 53. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoblirsch2018134–5-7">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoblirsch2018134%E2%80%935_7-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoblirsch2018134%E2%80%935_7-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFGoblirsch2018">Goblirsch (2018)</a>, pp. 134–5, citing <a href="#CITEREFFischer-J%C3%B8rgensen1952">Fischer-Jørgensen (1952)</a> and <a href="#CITEREFAbrahams1949">Abrahams (1949</a>, pp. 116–21, 228–30). </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPuggaard-RodeHorslundJørgensen2022-8">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPuggaard-RodeHorslundJ%C3%B8rgensen2022_8-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPuggaard-RodeHorslundJ%C3%B8rgensen2022_8-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFPuggaard-RodeHorslundJ%C3%B8rgensen2022">Puggaard-Rode, Horslund & Jørgensen (2022)</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGussenhoven199245-9"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGussenhoven199245_9-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGussenhoven1992">Gussenhoven (1992)</a>, p. 45. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFougeronSmith199373-10"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFougeronSmith199373_10-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFougeronSmith1993">Fougeron & Smith (1993)</a>, p. 73. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEShostedChikovani2006255-11"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShostedChikovani2006255_11-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFShostedChikovani2006">Shosted & Chikovani (2006)</a>, p. 255. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERogersd'Arcangeli2004117-12"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERogersd'Arcangeli2004117_12-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRogersd'Arcangeli2004">Rogers & d'Arcangeli (2004)</a>, p. 117. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOkada1999117-13"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOkada1999117_13-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFOkada1999">Okada (1999)</a>, p. 117. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOlsonMielkeSanicas-DagumanPebley2010206–207-14"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOlsonMielkeSanicas-DagumanPebley2010206%E2%80%93207_14-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFOlsonMielkeSanicas-DagumanPebley2010">Olson et al. (2010)</a>, pp. 206–207. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGillesTrouvain201367–68-15">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGillesTrouvain201367%E2%80%9368_15-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGillesTrouvain201367%E2%80%9368_15-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFGillesTrouvain2013">Gilles & Trouvain (2013)</a>, pp. 67–68. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJassem2003103-16"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJassem2003103_16-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFJassem2003">Jassem (2003)</a>, p. 103. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECruz-Ferreira199591-17"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECruz-Ferreira199591_17-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCruz-Ferreira1995">Cruz-Ferreira (1995)</a>, p. 91. </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Dic%C5%A3ionarul_explicativ_al_limbii_rom%C3%A2ne" class="mw-redirect" title="Dicţionarul explicativ al limbii române">DEX</a> Online : <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://dexonline.ro/search.php?cuv=g">[1]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPadgett200342-19"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPadgett200342_19-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPadgett2003">Padgett (2003)</a>, p. 42. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELandauLončarićaHorgaŠkarić199966-20"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELandauLon%C4%8Dari%C4%87aHorga%C5%A0kari%C4%87199966_20-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLandauLon%C4%8Dari%C4%87aHorga%C5%A0kari%C4%871999">Landau et al. 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Croatian&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+the+International+Phonetic+Association%3A+A+guide+to+the+use+of+the+International+Phonetic+Alphabet&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E66-%3C%2Fspan%3E69&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-521-65236-0&rft.aulast=Landau&rft.aufirst=Ernestina&rft.au=Lon%C4%8Dari%C4%87a%2C+Mijo&rft.au=Horga%2C+Damir&rft.au=%C5%A0kari%C4%87%2C+Ivo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoiced+velar+plosive" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Voiced_velar_plosive&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://phoible.org/parameters?sSearch_0=%C9%A1">List of languages with [ɡ]</a> on <a href="/wiki/PHOIBLE" title="PHOIBLE">PHOIBLE</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235389435">.mw-parser-output .IPA-common-captioned{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:var(--color-base,#202122);padding:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .IPA-common-caption{padding:0.2em;text-align:center;background-color:#f2f2ce;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}.mw-parser-output .IPA-common-table{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .IPA-common-table .wraplinks .selflink{white-space:normal}.mw-parser-output .IPA-common-constable th{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .IPA-common-constable 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src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=mobile&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Voiced_velar_plosive&oldid=1275203864">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Voiced_velar_plosive&oldid=1275203864</a>"</div></div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=Voiced_velar_plosive&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> Last edited on 11 February 2025, at 17:51 </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stimmhafter_velarer_Plosiv" title="Stimmhafter velarer Plosiv – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Stimmhafter velarer Plosiv" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D8%A8%D9%82%D9%8A_%D9%88%D9%82%D9%81%D9%8A_%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1" title="طبقي وقفي مجهور – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="طبقي وقفي مجهور" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%98%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B7_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF" title="ঘোষ পশ্চাত্তালব্য স্পর্শধ্বনি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ঘোষ পশ্চাত্তালব্য স্পর্শধ্বনি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cho%CC%8Dk_n%C5%84g-kok_sat-im" title="Cho̍k nńg-kok sat-im – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Cho̍k nńg-kok sat-im" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%85%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%B7%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Звонкі велярны выбухны зычны – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Звонкі велярны выбухны зычны" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B2%D1%83%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Звучна заднонебна преградна съгласна – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Звучна заднонебна преградна съгласна" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kensonenn_drekstaon_dre_serri%C3%B1_mouezhiet" title="Kensonenn drekstaon dre serriñ mouezhiet – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Kensonenn drekstaon dre serriñ mouezhiet" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oclusiva_velar_sonora" title="Oclusiva velar sonora – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Oclusiva velar sonora" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zn%C4%9Bl%C3%A1_vel%C3%A1rn%C3%AD_ploziva" title="Znělá velární ploziva – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Znělá velární ploziva" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stimmhafter_velarer_Plosiv" title="Stimmhafter velarer Plosiv – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Stimmhafter velarer Plosiv" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oclusiva_velar_sonora" title="Oclusiva velar sonora – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Oclusiva velar sonora" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vo%C4%89a_velara_plozivo" title="Voĉa velara plozivo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Voĉa velara plozivo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%81%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D9%86%D8%B1%D9%85%E2%80%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C_%D9%88%D8%A7%DA%A9%E2%80%8C%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="انفجاری نرم‌کامی واک‌دار – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="انفجاری نرم‌کامی واک‌دار" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consonne_occlusive_v%C3%A9laire_vois%C3%A9e" title="Consonne occlusive vélaire voisée – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Consonne occlusive vélaire voisée" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%EC%84%B1_%EC%97%B0%EA%B5%AC%EA%B0%9C_%ED%8C%8C%EC%97%B4%EC%9D%8C" title="유성 연구개 파열음 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="유성 연구개 파열음" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zvu%C4%8Dni_velarni_ploziv" title="Zvučni velarni ploziv – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Zvučni velarni ploziv" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konsonan_letup_langit-langit_belakang_bersuara" title="Konsonan letup langit-langit belakang bersuara – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Konsonan letup langit-langit belakang bersuara" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occlusiva_velare_sonora" title="Occlusiva velare sonora – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Occlusiva velare sonora" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%A8_%D7%95%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99,_%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%AA%D7%9D,_%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%99" title="עיצור וילוני, סותם, קולי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="עיצור וילוני, סותם, קולי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stumh%C3%B6bbendje_velaire_plosief" title="Stumhöbbendje velaire plosief – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Stumhöbbendje velaire plosief" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letupan_velar_bersuara" title="Letupan velar bersuara – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Letupan velar bersuara" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stemhebbende_velaire_plosief" title="Stemhebbende velaire plosief – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Stemhebbende velaire plosief" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E5%A3%B0%E8%BB%9F%E5%8F%A3%E8%93%8B%E7%A0%B4%E8%A3%82%E9%9F%B3" title="有声軟口蓋破裂音 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="有声軟口蓋破裂音" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stimmhaften_velaren_Plosiv" title="Stimmhaften velaren Plosiv – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Stimmhaften velaren Plosiv" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sp%C3%B3%C5%82g%C5%82oska_zwarta_mi%C4%99kkopodniebienna_d%C5%BAwi%C4%99czna" title="Spółgłoska zwarta miękkopodniebienna dźwięczna – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Spółgłoska zwarta miękkopodniebienna dźwięczna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oclusiva_velar_sonora" title="Oclusiva velar sonora – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Oclusiva velar sonora" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consoan%C4%83_oclusiv%C4%83_velar%C4%83_sonor%C4%83" title="Consoană oclusivă velară sonoră – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Consoană oclusivă velară sonoră" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B2%D0%B7%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9" title="Звонкий велярный взрывной согласный – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Звонкий велярный взрывной согласный" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiced_velar_plosive" title="Voiced velar plosive – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Voiced velar plosive" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonande_velar_klusil" title="Tonande velar klusil – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tonande velar klusil" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%94_%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99_%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87" title="เสียงหยุด เพดานอ่อน ก้อง – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เสียงหยุด เพดานอ่อน ก้อง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96t%C3%BCml%C3%BC_artdamaks%C4%B1l_patlamal%C4%B1_%C3%BCns%C3%BCz" title="Ötümlü artdamaksıl patlamalı ünsüz – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ötümlü artdamaksıl patlamalı ünsüz" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B7%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BC%27%D1%8F%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Дзвінкий м'якопіднебінний проривний – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Дзвінкий м'якопіднебінний проривний" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocluziva_ve%C5%82are_sonora" title="Ocluziva vełare sonora – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Ocluziva vełare sonora" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Son_G" title="Son G – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Son G" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Walon</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BF%81%E8%BB%9F%E8%85%AD%E5%A1%9E%E9%9F%B3" title="濁軟腭塞音 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="濁軟腭塞音" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 11 February 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