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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Guitars"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Guitars</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Guitars-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bowed_strings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bowed_strings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Bowed strings</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Bowed_strings-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Bowed strings subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Bowed_strings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-By_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>By century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-17th" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#17th"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.1</span> <span>17th</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-17th-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-18th" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#18th"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.2</span> <span>18th</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-18th-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-19th" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#19th"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.3</span> <span>19th</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-19th-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> 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class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Luthier</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 25 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-25" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">25 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Лютиер – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Лютиер" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lutier" title="Lutier – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Lutier" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luthier" title="Luthier – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Luthier" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geigenbauer" title="Geigenbauer – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Geigenbauer" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lutier" title="Lutier – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Lutier" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lutieristo" title="Lutieristo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Lutieristo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luthier" title="Luthier – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Luthier" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2" title="سازنده ساز – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سازنده ساز" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luthier" title="Luthier – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Luthier" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luthier" title="Luthier – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Luthier" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A3%A8%EC%8B%9C%EC%96%B4" title="루시어 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="루시어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luthier" title="Luthier – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Luthier" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A1%E3%82%A4%E3%82%AA%E3%83%AA%E3%83%B3%E8%A3%BD%E4%BD%9C%E5%AE%B6" title="ヴァイオリン製作家 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヴァイオリン製作家" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/La%C3%BCti%C3%A8r" title="Laütièr – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Laütièr" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lutnik" title="Lutnik – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Lutnik" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Violeiro_(luthier)" title="Violeiro (luthier) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Violeiro (luthier)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lutier" title="Lutier – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Lutier" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lutier" title="Lutier – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Lutier" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Скрипичный мастер – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Скрипичный мастер" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luthier" title="Luthier – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Luthier" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kielisoitinrakentaja" title="Kielisoitinrakentaja – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kielisoitinrakentaja" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luthier" title="Luthier – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Luthier" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Скрипковий майстер – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Скрипковий майстер" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lut%C3%AE" title="Lutî – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Lutî" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BC%A6%E6%A8%82%E5%99%A8%E8%A3%BD%E4%BD%9C%E5%B8%AB" title="弦樂器製作師 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="弦樂器製作師" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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searchaux" style="display:none">Craftsman of stringed musical instruments</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Luthier_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Luthier (disambiguation)">Luthier (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Violin maker" redirects here. For the film, see <a href="/wiki/The_Violin_Maker" title="The Violin Maker"><i>The Violin Maker</i></a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">Luthier</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Workshop_luthier.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Workshop_luthier.jpg/220px-Workshop_luthier.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Workshop_luthier.jpg/330px-Workshop_luthier.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Workshop_luthier.jpg/440px-Workshop_luthier.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Modern luthier's workshop, <a href="/wiki/Cremona" title="Cremona">Cremona</a> (2007)</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Occupation</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Occupation type</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Instrument maker, instrument repairer</td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Instrumentmakare_-_Malm%C3%B6_1988.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Instrumentmakare_-_Malm%C3%B6_1988.jpg/220px-Instrumentmakare_-_Malm%C3%B6_1988.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Instrumentmakare_-_Malm%C3%B6_1988.jpg/330px-Instrumentmakare_-_Malm%C3%B6_1988.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Instrumentmakare_-_Malm%C3%B6_1988.jpg/440px-Instrumentmakare_-_Malm%C3%B6_1988.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>A luthier tunes the bridge of a violin.</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>luthier</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/uː/: 'oo' in 'goose'">uː</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span><span title="/ər/: 'er' in 'letter'">ər</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">LOO</span>-tee-ər</i></a>; <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small"><a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">US</a> also </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/uː/: 'oo' in 'goose'">uː</span><span title="/θ/: 'th' in 'thigh'">θ</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span><span title="/ər/: 'er' in 'letter'">ər</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">LOO</span>-thee-ər</i></a>)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a <a href="/wiki/Artisan" title="Artisan">craftsperson</a> who builds or repairs <a href="/wiki/String_instrument" title="String instrument">string instruments</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luthier&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The word <i><i lang="fr"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/luthier#French" class="extiw" title="wikt:luthier">luthier</a></i></i> is originally <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a> and comes from <i>luth</i>, the French word for "<a href="/wiki/Lute" title="Lute">lute</a>". The term was originally used for makers of lutes, but it came to be used in French for makers of most <a href="/wiki/Bow_(music)" title="Bow (music)">bowed</a> and <a href="/wiki/Plucked_string_instrument" title="Plucked string instrument">plucked</a> stringed instruments such as members of the <a href="/wiki/Violin_family" title="Violin family">violin family</a> (including <a href="/wiki/Viola" title="Viola">violas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cello" title="Cello">cellos</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Double_bass" title="Double bass">double basses</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Guitar" title="Guitar">guitars</a>. Luthiers, however, do not make <a href="/wiki/Harp" title="Harp">harps</a> or pianos; these require different skills and construction methods because their strings are secured to a frame. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Craft">Craft</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luthier&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Craft"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Craft" title="Craft">craft</a> of luthiers, lutherie (rarely called "luthiery", but this often refers to stringed instruments other than those in the violin family), is commonly divided into the two main categories of makers of stringed instruments that are plucked or strummed and <a href="/wiki/Violin_making_and_maintenance" title="Violin making and maintenance">makers of stringed instruments that are bowed</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since bowed instruments require a bow, the second category includes a subtype known as a <a href="/wiki/Bow_maker" title="Bow maker">bow maker</a> or archetier. Luthiers may also teach string-instrument making, either through <a href="/wiki/Apprenticeship" title="Apprenticeship">apprenticeship</a> or formal classroom instruction. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Plucked_strings">Plucked strings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luthier&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Plucked strings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lutes">Lutes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luthier&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Lutes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Oud_maker_at_Mohamed_Ali_Street_in_Cairo,_Egypt.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Oud_maker_at_Mohamed_Ali_Street_in_Cairo%2C_Egypt.jpg/170px-Oud_maker_at_Mohamed_Ali_Street_in_Cairo%2C_Egypt.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Oud_maker_at_Mohamed_Ali_Street_in_Cairo%2C_Egypt.jpg/255px-Oud_maker_at_Mohamed_Ali_Street_in_Cairo%2C_Egypt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Oud_maker_at_Mohamed_Ali_Street_in_Cairo%2C_Egypt.jpg/340px-Oud_maker_at_Mohamed_Ali_Street_in_Cairo%2C_Egypt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="3888" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Oud" title="Oud">Oud</a> luthier on Mohamed Ali Street in Cairo, Egypt</figcaption></figure> <p>Early producers of <a href="/wiki/Lute" title="Lute">lutes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Archlute" title="Archlute">archlutes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Theorbo" title="Theorbo">theorbos</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vihuela" title="Vihuela">vihuelas</a> include the <a href="/wiki/Tieffenbrucker" title="Tieffenbrucker">Tieffenbrucker</a> family, <a href="/wiki/Martin_Hoffmann_(luthier)" title="Martin Hoffmann (luthier)">Martin Hoffmann</a> and <a href="/wiki/Matteo_Sellas" title="Matteo Sellas">Matteo Sellas</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Guitars">Guitars</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luthier&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Guitars"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Classical_guitar_making" title="Classical guitar making">Classical guitar making</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_guitar_manufacturers" title="List of guitar manufacturers">List of guitar manufacturers</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Madrid_luthier.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Madrid_luthier.jpg/220px-Madrid_luthier.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Madrid_luthier.jpg/330px-Madrid_luthier.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Madrid_luthier.jpg/440px-Madrid_luthier.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4160" data-file-height="3120" /></a><figcaption>A luthier building classical guitars in Madrid, Spain</figcaption></figure> <p>Two luthiers of the early 19th century connected with the development of the modern classical guitar are <a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_Panormo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louis Panormo (page does not exist)">Louis Panormo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Georg_Staufer" class="mw-redirect" title="Georg Staufer">Georg Staufer</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Torres_Jurado" class="mw-redirect" title="Antonio Torres Jurado">Antonio Torres Jurado</a> is credited with developing the form of <a href="/wiki/Classical_guitar" title="Classical guitar">classical guitar</a> still in use. <a href="/wiki/Christian_Frederick_Martin" title="Christian Frederick Martin">C.F. Martin</a> of Germany developed a form that evolved into the modern steel-string acoustic guitar. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Luthier_Robert_Benedetto_in_1976.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Luthier_Robert_Benedetto_in_1976.jpg/200px-Luthier_Robert_Benedetto_in_1976.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/44/Luthier_Robert_Benedetto_in_1976.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="276" /></a><figcaption>American guitar luthier <a href="/wiki/Robert_Benedetto" title="Robert Benedetto">Robert Benedetto</a> in his studio (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1976)</figcaption></figure> <p>The American luthier <a href="/wiki/Orville_Gibson" title="Orville Gibson">Orville Gibson</a> specialized in mandolins, and is credited with creating the <a href="/wiki/Archtop_guitar" title="Archtop guitar">archtop guitar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 20th-century American luthiers <a href="/wiki/John_D%27Angelico" title="John D'Angelico">John D'Angelico</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_D%27Aquisto" title="Jimmy D'Aquisto">Jimmy D'Aquisto</a> made archtop guitars. <a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Loar" title="Lloyd Loar">Lloyd Loar</a> worked briefly for the <a href="/wiki/Gibson_Guitar_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Gibson Guitar Corporation">Gibson Guitar Corporation</a> making mandolins and guitars. His designs for a family of arch top instruments (mandolin, mandola, guitar, et cetera) are held in high esteem by today's luthiers, who seek to reproduce their sound.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> C. F. Martin apprenticed to Johann Georg Stauffer, a guitar maker in Vienna, Austria and <a href="/wiki/C._F._Martin_%26_Company" title="C. F. Martin & Company">Martin & Co.</a> was born, with the X bracing being developed in the 1850s. Martin & Co still produce acoustic guitars. <a href="/wiki/Paul_Bigsby" title="Paul Bigsby">Paul Bigsby</a>'s innovation of the <a href="/wiki/Tremolo_arm" class="mw-redirect" title="Tremolo arm">tremolo arm</a> for archtop and <a href="/wiki/Electric_guitar" title="Electric guitar">electric guitars</a> is still in use and may have influenced <a href="/wiki/Clarence_Leonidas_Fender" class="mw-redirect" title="Clarence Leonidas Fender">Leo Fender</a>'s design for the <a href="/wiki/Stratocaster" class="mw-redirect" title="Stratocaster">Stratocaster</a> solid-body electric guitar, as well as the <a href="/wiki/Fender_Jaguar" title="Fender Jaguar">Jaguar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jazzmaster" class="mw-redirect" title="Jazzmaster">Jazzmaster</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Concurrent with Fender's work, guitarist <a href="/wiki/Les_Paul" title="Les Paul">Les Paul</a> independently developed a solid-body electric guitar. These were the first fretted, solid-body electric guitars—though they were preceded by the cast <a href="/wiki/Aluminum" class="mw-redirect" title="Aluminum">aluminum</a> "<a href="/wiki/Frying_pan_(guitar)" class="mw-redirect" title="Frying pan (guitar)">frying pan</a>", a solid-body electric <a href="/wiki/Lap_steel_guitar" title="Lap steel guitar">lap steel guitar</a> developed and eventually patented by <a href="/wiki/George_Beauchamp" title="George Beauchamp">George Beauchamp</a>, and built by <a href="/wiki/Adolph_Rickenbacher" class="mw-redirect" title="Adolph Rickenbacher">Adolph Rickenbacher</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A company founded by luthier Friedrich <a href="/wiki/Gretsch" title="Gretsch">Gretsch</a> and continued by his son and grandson, Fred and Fred, Jr., originally made banjos, but now mainly produce electric guitars.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bowed_strings">Bowed strings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luthier&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Bowed strings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Antonio_stradivari.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Antonio_stradivari.jpg/220px-Antonio_stradivari.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Antonio_stradivari.jpg/330px-Antonio_stradivari.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Antonio_stradivari.jpg/440px-Antonio_stradivari.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1810" data-file-height="1184" /></a><figcaption>An engraver's impression of <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Stradivari" title="Antonio Stradivari">Antonio Stradivari</a> examining an instrument</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Varnishing_a_violin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Varnishing_a_violin.jpg/220px-Varnishing_a_violin.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Varnishing_a_violin.jpg/330px-Varnishing_a_violin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Varnishing_a_violin.jpg/440px-Varnishing_a_violin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Contemporary luthier varnishing a violin</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Violin_construction_and_mechanics" title="Violin construction and mechanics">Violin construction and mechanics</a> and <a href="/wiki/Violin_making_and_maintenance" title="Violin making and maintenance">Violin making and maintenance</a></div> <p>Bowed instruments include: <a href="/wiki/Cello" title="Cello">cello</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crwth" title="Crwth">crwth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Double_bass" title="Double bass">double bass</a>, <a href="/wiki/Erhu" title="Erhu">erhu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fiddle" title="Fiddle">fiddle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hudok" class="mw-redirect" title="Hudok">hudok</a>, <a href="/wiki/Morin_khuur" title="Morin khuur">morin khuur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nyckelharpa" title="Nyckelharpa">nyckelharpa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hurdy-gurdy" title="Hurdy-gurdy">hurdy-gurdy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rebab" title="Rebab">rabab</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rebec" title="Rebec">rebec</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sarangi" title="Sarangi">sarangi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Viol" title="Viol">viol</a> (<a href="/wiki/Viola_da_gamba" class="mw-redirect" title="Viola da gamba">viola da gamba</a>), <a href="/wiki/Viola" title="Viola">viola</a>, <a href="/wiki/Viola_da_braccio_(instrument)" class="mw-redirect" title="Viola da braccio (instrument)">viola da braccio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Viola_d%27amore" title="Viola d'amore">viola d'amore</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Violin" title="Violin">violin</a>. </p><p>The purported inventor of the violin is <a href="/wiki/Andrea_Amati" title="Andrea Amati">Andrea Amati</a>. Amati was originally a lute maker, but turned to the new instrument form of violin in the mid-16th century. He was the progenitor of the Amati family of luthiers active in Cremona, Italy until the 18th century. Andrea Amati had two sons. His eldest was <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Amati" title="Antonio Amati">Antonio Amati</a> (<i>circa</i> 1537–1607), and the younger, <a href="/wiki/Girolamo_Amati" title="Girolamo Amati">Girolamo Amati</a> (<i>circa</i> 1561–1630). Girolamo is better known as Hieronymus, and together with his brother, produced many violins with labels inside the instrument reading "A&H". Antonio died having no known offspring, but Hieronymus became a father. His son Nicolò (1596–1684) was himself a master luthier who had several apprentices of note, including <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Stradivari" title="Antonio Stradivari">Antonio Stradivari</a><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (probably), Andrea <a href="/wiki/Guarneri" title="Guarneri">Guarneri</a>, Bartolomeo Pasta, Jacob Railich, Giovanni Battista Rogeri, Matthias <a href="/wiki/Klotz_(violin_makers)" title="Klotz (violin makers)">Klotz</a>, and possibly <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Stainer" title="Jacob Stainer">Jacob Stainer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Francesco_Rugeri" title="Francesco Rugeri">Francesco Rugeri</a>. It is even possible <a href="/wiki/Bartolomeo_Cristofori" title="Bartolomeo Cristofori">Bartolomeo Cristofori</a>, later inventor of the piano, apprenticed under him (although census data does not support this, which paints this as a possible myth).<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Gasparo_Duiffopruggar" title="Gasparo Duiffopruggar">Gasparo Duiffopruggar</a> of <a href="/wiki/F%C3%BCssen" title="Füssen">Füssen</a>, Germany, was once incorrectly credited as the inventor of the violin. He was likely a maker, but no documentation survives, and no instruments survive that experts unequivocally know are his.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Gasparo_da_Sal%C3%B2" title="Gasparo da Salò">Gasparo da Salò</a> of <a href="/wiki/Brescia" title="Brescia">Brescia</a> (Italy) was another early luthier of the violin family. About 80 of his instruments survive, and around 100 documents that relate to his work. He was also a double bass player and son and nephew of two violin players: Francesco and Agosti, respectively.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Da Salò made many instruments and exported to France and Spain, and probably to England. He had at least five apprentices: his son Francesco, a helper named Battista, Alexander of Marsiglia, Giacomo Lafranchini and <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Paolo_Maggini" title="Giovanni Paolo Maggini">Giovanni Paolo Maggini</a>. Maggini inherited da Salò's business in Brescia. <a href="/wiki/Valentino_Siani" title="Valentino Siani">Valentino Siani</a> worked with Maggini. In 1620, Maggini moved to Florence.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="By_century">By century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luthier&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: By century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="17th">17th</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luthier&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: 17th"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Luthiers born in the mid-17th century include <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Grancino" title="Giovanni Grancino">Giovanni Grancino</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vincenzo_Rugeri" title="Vincenzo Rugeri">Vincenzo Rugeri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Giuseppe_Testore" title="Carlo Giuseppe Testore">Carlo Giuseppe Testore</a>, and his sons <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Antonio_Testore" title="Carlo Antonio Testore">Carlo Antonio Testore</a> and <a href="/wiki/Paolo_Antonio_Testore" title="Paolo Antonio Testore">Paolo Antonio Testore</a>, all from <a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a>. From <a href="/wiki/Venice" title="Venice">Venice</a><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the luthiers <a href="/wiki/Matteo_Goffriller" title="Matteo Goffriller">Matteo Goffriller</a>, <a href="/wiki/Domenico_Montagnana" title="Domenico Montagnana">Domenico Montagnana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sanctus_Seraphin" title="Sanctus Seraphin">Sanctus Seraphin</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Annibale_Tononi" title="Carlo Annibale Tononi">Carlo Annibale Tononi</a> were principals in the Venetian school of violin making (although the latter began his career in <a href="/wiki/Bologna" title="Bologna">Bologna</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Bergonzi_(luthier)" title="Carlo Bergonzi (luthier)">Carlo Bergonzi (luthier)</a> purchased Antonio Stradivari's shop a few years after the master's death. <a href="/wiki/David_Tecchler" title="David Tecchler">David Tecchler</a>, who was born in Austria, later worked in both Venice and <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="18th">18th</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luthier&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: 18th"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Luthiers from the early 18th century include <a href="/wiki/Nicol%C3%B2_Gagliano" title="Nicolò Gagliano">Nicolò Gagliano</a> of <a href="/wiki/Naples" title="Naples">Naples</a>, Italy, <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Ferdinando_Landolfi" title="Carlo Ferdinando Landolfi">Carlo Ferdinando Landolfi</a> of Milan, and <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Battista_Guadagnini" title="Giovanni Battista Guadagnini">Giovanni Battista Guadagnini</a>, who roamed throughout Italy during his lifetime. From Austria originally, <a href="/wiki/Leopold_Widhalm" title="Leopold Widhalm">Leopold Widhalm</a> later established himself in <a href="/wiki/Nuremberg" title="Nuremberg">Nürnberg</a>, Germany.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The Jérôme-Thibouville-Lamy firm started making wind instruments around 1730 at <a href="/wiki/La_Couture-Boussey" title="La Couture-Boussey">La Couture-Boussey</a>, then moved to Mirecourt around 1760 and started making violins, guitars, mandolins, and musical accessories.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="19th">19th</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luthier&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: 19th"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The early 19th-century luthiers of the <a href="/wiki/Mirecourt" title="Mirecourt">Mirecourt</a> school of violin making in France were the <a href="/wiki/Vuillaume" class="mw-redirect" title="Vuillaume">Vuillaume</a> family, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Jean_Baptiste_Collin-Mezin" title="Charles Jean Baptiste Collin-Mezin">Charles Jean Baptiste Collin-Mezin</a>, and Collin-Mezin's son, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Collin-Mezin,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Collin-Mezin, Jr.">Charles Collin-Mezin, Jr.</a>, Honore Derazey, Nicolas Lupot, Charles Macoutel, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Menn%C3%A9gand" title="Charles Mennégand">Charles Mennégand</a>, and Pierre Silvestre. Nicola Utili (also known as Nicola da Castel Bolognese) (Ravenna, Italy, 1888–1962), beside traditional lute works, experimented the making of "pear-shaped" violins.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luthier&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_luthiers" title="List of luthiers">List of luthiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonewood" title="Tonewood">Tonewood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experimental_luthier" title="Experimental luthier">Experimental luthier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lutherie_reference_books" title="Category:Lutherie reference books">Category:Lutherie reference books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paracho_de_Verduzco" title="Paracho de Verduzco">Paracho de Verduzco</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luthier&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/www.lexico.com/definition/luthier">"luthier"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Lexico" title="Lexico">Lexico</a> UK English Dictionary</i>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. n.d.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=luthier&rft.btitle=Lexico+UK+English+Dictionary&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fwww.lexico.com%2Fdefinition%2Fluthier&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuthier" class="Z3988"></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120905164802/http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/luthier">"Archived copy"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/luthier">the original</a> on 2012-09-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-11-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxforddictionaries.com%2Fdefinition%2Fluthier&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuthier" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/16px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/24px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/32px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> The dictionary definition of <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/luthier" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/luthier"><i>luthier</i></a> at Wiktionary</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMottola2020" class="citation book cs1">Mottola, RM (January 2020). <i>Mottola's Cyclopedic Dictionary of Lutherie Terms</i>. LiutaioMottola.com. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-7341256-0-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-7341256-0-3"><bdi>978-1-7341256-0-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mottola%27s+Cyclopedic+Dictionary+of+Lutherie+Terms&rft.pub=LiutaioMottola.com&rft.date=2020-01&rft.isbn=978-1-7341256-0-3&rft.aulast=Mottola&rft.aufirst=RM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuthier" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dmoz.org/Arts/Music/Instruments/Stringed/">"Arts, Music, Instruments, Stringed"</a>. <a href="/wiki/DMOZ" title="DMOZ">DMOZ</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-11-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Arts%2C+Music%2C+Instruments%2C+Stringed&rft.pub=DMOZ&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dmoz.org%2FArts%2FMusic%2FInstruments%2FStringed%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuthier" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Guitar (From The Renaissance To The Present Day) by Harvey Turnbull (Third Impression 1978) – Publisher: Batsford. p. 68 (Ponormo) and p. 70 (Georg Staufer) – Chapter 4 (The Development Of The Instrument).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGruhn1991" class="citation book cs1">Gruhn, George (1991). <i>Gruhn's Guide to Vintage Guitars</i>. San Francisco: GPI Books. p. 73. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87930-195-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87930-195-8"><bdi>978-0-87930-195-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gruhn%27s+Guide+to+Vintage+Guitars&rft.place=San+Francisco&rft.pages=73&rft.pub=GPI+Books&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-0-87930-195-8&rft.aulast=Gruhn&rft.aufirst=George&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuthier" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGruhn" class="citation web cs1">Gruhn, George. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061030065143/http://www.gruhn.com/articles/rickelectro.html">"Rickenbacker Electro Spanish Guitar"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gruhn.com/articles/rickelectro.html">the original</a> on 2006-10-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-11-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rickenbacker+Electro+Spanish+Guitar&rft.aulast=Gruhn&rft.aufirst=George&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gruhn.com%2Farticles%2Frickelectro.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuthier" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHillHillHill1963" class="citation book cs1">Hill, Alfred E.; Hill, W. Henry; Hill, Arthur F. (1963). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/antoniostradivar00hill/page/27"><i>Antonio Stradivari: His Life and Work, 1664–1737</i></a></span> (New Dover ed.). New York: Dover. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/antoniostradivar00hill/page/27">27</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-486-20425-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-486-20425-1"><bdi>0-486-20425-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Antonio+Stradivari%3A+His+Life+and+Work%2C+1664%E2%80%931737&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=27&rft.edition=New+Dover&rft.pub=Dover&rft.date=1963&rft.isbn=0-486-20425-1&rft.aulast=Hill&rft.aufirst=Alfred+E.&rft.au=Hill%2C+W.+Henry&rft.au=Hill%2C+Arthur+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fantoniostradivar00hill%2Fpage%2F27&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuthier" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pollens, Stewart (1995) <i>The Early Pianoforte</i>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPio2004" class="citation book cs1">Pio, Stefano (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180313180801/http://veniceresearch.com/"><i>Violin and Lute Makers of Venice 1640–1760</i></a>. venezia, Italy: Venice research. p. 383. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-88-907252-2-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-88-907252-2-7"><bdi>978-88-907252-2-7</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.veniceresearch.com">the original</a> on 2018-03-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-03-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Violin+and+Lute+Makers+of+Venice+1640%E2%80%931760&rft.place=venezia%2C+Italy&rft.pages=383&rft.pub=Venice+research&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-88-907252-2-7&rft.aulast=Pio&rft.aufirst=Stefano&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.veniceresearch.com&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuthier" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBartruff" class="citation web cs1">Bartruff, William. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160402193230/http://www.bartruff.com/history/">"The History of the Violin"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bartruff.com/history/">the original</a> on 2016-04-02<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-11-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+History+of+the+Violin&rft.aulast=Bartruff&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bartruff.com%2Fhistory%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuthier" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luthier&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Historical Lute Construction</i> by Robert Lundberg, Guild of American Luthiers (2002) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9626447-4-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-9626447-4-9">0-9626447-4-9</a></li> <li><i>The Complete Luthier's Library. A Useful International Critical Bibliography for the Maker and the Connoisseur of Stringed and Plucked Instruments</i>. Bologna, Florenus Edizioni 1990. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/88-85250-01-7" title="Special:BookSources/88-85250-01-7">88-85250-01-7</a></li> <li><i>Mottola's Cyclopedic Dictionary of Lutherie Terms</i>. R.M. Mottola 2020. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-7341256-0-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-7341256-0-3">978-1-7341256-0-3</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://luth.org">Guild of American Luthiers</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190808095956/http://www.granary-guitars.com/">Guitar Museum</a> Classical Guitar Museum, (UK)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://guitarbench.com/index.php/luthiers/">Luthier Interviews</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100208023824/http://guitarbench.com/index.php/luthiers/">Archived</a> 2010-02-08 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Guitarbench.com archive of Luthier Interviews.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cremonaliuteria.it">The Consortium of Violinmakers "Antonio Stradivari" CREMONA</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.luthiersforum.com">Luthiers Forum</a> A large online lutherie community. Educational.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.corilon.com/us/library/master-portraits/the-best-contemporary-violin-makers-from-china-and-taiwan">Contemporary violin makers from China and Taiwan</a></li> <li><i> Il Liutaio – Origine e costruzione del violino e degli strumenti ad arco moderni</i>, by Angeloni Domenico, legatura tela edit. fig., pp. XXVI-558 con 176 figure e 33 tavole, Milano, HOEPLI, 1923</li> <li><i>The secrets of Stradivari</i> by Simone F. Sacconi, Libreria del Convegno in Cremona, Cremona, 1972 <a href="/wiki/Simone_Fernando_Sacconi" title="Simone Fernando Sacconi">Simone Fernando Sacconi</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": 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title="Guitar">Guitars</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Playing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guitar_chord" title="Guitar chord">Chords</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/String_harmonic" title="String harmonic">Harmonics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz_guitar" title="Jazz guitar">Jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lead_guitar" title="Lead guitar">Lead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guitar_picking" title="Guitar picking">Picking</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Strum" title="Strum">strum</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhythm_guitar" title="Rhythm guitar">Rhythm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guitar_tunings" title="Guitar tunings">Tunings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guitarist" title="Guitarist">Guitarist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_guitarists" title="List of guitarists">list</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By type (six string)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acoustic_guitar" title="Acoustic guitar">Acoustic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acoustic-electric_guitar" title="Acoustic-electric guitar">acoustic-electric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steel-string_acoustic_guitar" title="Steel-string acoustic guitar">steel-string</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dreadnought_(guitar_type)" title="Dreadnought (guitar type)">dreadnought</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archtop_guitar" title="Archtop guitar">Archtop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_guitar" title="Classical guitar">Classical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electric_guitar" title="Electric guitar">Electric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flamenco_guitar" title="Flamenco guitar">Flamenco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flat_top_guitar" title="Flat top guitar">Flat top</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fretless_guitar" title="Fretless guitar">Fretless</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guitarr%C3%B3n_mexicano" title="Guitarrón mexicano">Guitarrón mexicano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lap_steel_guitar" title="Lap steel guitar">Lap steel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parlor_guitar" title="Parlor guitar">Parlor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Requinto_guitar" title="Requinto guitar">Requinto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resonator_guitar" title="Resonator guitar">Resonator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_guitar" title="Romantic guitar">Romantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semi-acoustic_guitar" title="Semi-acoustic guitar">Semi-acoustic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hybrid_guitar" title="Hybrid guitar">Hybrid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Classical_guitar_with_additional_strings" title="Classical guitar with additional strings">Additional strings</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seven-string_guitar" title="Seven-string guitar">7</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arm%C3%B3nico" title="Armónico">Armónico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_guitar" title="Russian guitar">Russian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eight-string_guitar" title="Eight-string guitar">8</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brahms_guitar" title="Brahms guitar">Brahms</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nine-string_guitar" title="Nine-string guitar">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ten-string_guitar" title="Ten-string guitar">10</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baroque_guitar" title="Baroque guitar">Baroque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chapman_Stick" title="Chapman Stick">Chapman Stick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_guitar" title="English guitar">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ten-string_classical_guitar_of_Yepes" title="Ten-string classical guitar of Yepes">Yepes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleven-string_alto_guitar" title="Eleven-string alto guitar">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twelve-string_guitar" title="Twelve-string guitar">12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleven-string_alto_guitar" title="Eleven-string alto guitar">13</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guitarra_s%C3%A9ptima&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guitarra séptima (page does not exist)">14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guitarr%C3%B3n_chileno" title="Guitarrón chileno">25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harp_guitar" title="Harp guitar">Harp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multi-neck_guitar" title="Multi-neck guitar">Multi-neck</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ancillary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bajo_sexto" title="Bajo sexto">Bajo sexto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baritone_guitar" title="Baritone guitar">Baritone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bass_guitar" title="Bass guitar">Bass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chapman_Stick" title="Chapman Stick">Chapman Stick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chitarra_battente" title="Chitarra battente">Chitarra battente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paulinho_Nogueira" title="Paulinho Nogueira">Craviola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuatro_(instrument)" title="Cuatro (instrument)">Cuatro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guitalele" title="Guitalele">Guitalele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyre-guitar" title="Lyre-guitar">Lyre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raj%C3%A3o" title="Rajão">Rajão</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Requinto_guitar" title="Requinto guitar">Requinto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Six-string_alto_guitar" title="Six-string alto guitar">Six-string alto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenor_guitar" title="Tenor guitar">Tenor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timple" title="Timple">Timple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tres_(instrument)" title="Tres (instrument)">Tres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viola_caipira" title="Viola caipira">Viola caipira</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_guitars" title="Outline of guitars">Related topics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guitar_amplifier" title="Guitar amplifier">Amplifier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electric_guitar_design" title="Electric guitar design">Electric guitar design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guitar_wiring" title="Guitar wiring">Guitar wiring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_classical_guitar" title="History of the classical guitar">History of the classical guitar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_guitars" title="List of guitars">List of guitars</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Luthier</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Experimental_luthier" title="Experimental luthier">experimental</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guitar_manufacturing" title="Guitar manufacturing">Manufacturing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_guitar_manufacturers" title="List of guitar manufacturers">list of manufacturers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prepared_guitar" title="Prepared guitar">Prepared guitar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vibrato_systems_for_guitar" title="Vibrato systems for guitar">Vibrato systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vintage_guitar" title="Vintage guitar">Vintage guitar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Guitars" title="Category:Guitars">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Woodworking" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Woodworking" title="Template:Woodworking"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Woodworking" title="Template talk:Woodworking"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Woodworking" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Woodworking"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Woodworking" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Woodworking" title="Woodworking">Woodworking</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Overviews</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_wood_carving" title="History of wood carving">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_woodworking" title="Glossary of woodworking">Glossary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wood" title="Wood">Wood</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lumber" title="Lumber">lumber</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Occupations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boat_building" title="Boat building">Boat building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bow_and_arrow" title="Bow and arrow">Bow and arrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bush_carpentry" title="Bush carpentry">Bush carpentry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinetry" title="Cabinetry">Cabinetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caning_(furniture)" title="Caning (furniture)">Caning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carpentry" title="Carpentry">Carpentry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Certosina" title="Certosina">Certosina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chainsaw_carving" title="Chainsaw carving">Chainsaw carving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chip_carving" title="Chip carving">Chip carving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89b%C3%A9niste" title="Ébéniste">Ébéniste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fretwork" title="Fretwork">Fretwork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intarsia" title="Intarsia">Intarsia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_carpentry" title="Japanese carpentry">Japanese carpentry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khatam" title="Khatam">Khatam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kohlrosing" title="Kohlrosing">Kohlrosing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Log_building" title="Log building">Log building</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Luthier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marquetry" title="Marquetry">Marquetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millwork" title="Millwork">Millwork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pallet_crafts" title="Pallet crafts">Pallet crafting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parquet" title="Parquet">Parquetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyrography" title="Pyrography">Pyrography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relief_carving" title="Relief carving">Relief carving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Root_carving" title="Root carving">Root carving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Segmented_turning" title="Segmented turning">Segmented turning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shingle_weaver" title="Shingle weaver">Shingle weaving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shipbuilding" title="Shipbuilding">Shipbuilding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spindle_turning" title="Spindle turning">Spindle turning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timber_framing" title="Timber framing">Timber framing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treen" title="Treen">Treen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whittling" title="Whittling">Whittling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wood_carving" title="Wood carving">Wood carving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodturning" title="Woodturning">Woodturning</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_woods" title="List of woods">Woods</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:3.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Softwood" title="Softwood">Soft</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_plants_known_as_cedar" title="List of plants known as cedar">Cedar</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Calocedrus" title="Calocedrus">Calocedrus</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Cedrus" title="Cedrus">Cedrus</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypress" title="Cypress">Cypress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_fir" title="Douglas fir">Douglas fir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fir" title="Fir">Fir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juniper" title="Juniper">Juniper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larch" title="Larch">Larch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agathis" title="Agathis">Kauri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pine" title="Pine">Pine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dacrydium_cupressinum" title="Dacrydium cupressinum">Rimu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spruce" title="Spruce">Spruce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxus" title="Taxus">Yew</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:3.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hardwood" title="Hardwood">Hard</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pericopsis_elata" title="Pericopsis elata">Afromosia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alder" title="Alder">Alder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carapa_guianensis" title="Carapa guianensis">Andiroba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anigre" title="Anigre">Anigre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fraxinus_excelsior" title="Fraxinus excelsior">Ash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malus" title="Malus">Apple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aspen" title="Aspen">Aspen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turraeanthus_africanus" title="Turraeanthus africanus">Avodire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ochroma" title="Ochroma">Balsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beech" title="Beech">Beech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bilinga_(wood)" title="Bilinga (wood)">Bilinga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birch" title="Birch">Birch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalbergia_melanoxylon" title="Dalbergia melanoxylon">African Blackwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acacia_melanoxylon" title="Acacia melanoxylon">Australian Blackwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buxus" title="Buxus">Boxwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guibourtia" title="Guibourtia">Bubinga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camphora_officinarum" title="Camphora officinarum">Camphor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cedrela" title="Cedrela">Cedrela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prunus" title="Prunus">Cherry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chestnut" title="Chestnut">Chestnut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocobolo" title="Cocobolo">Cocobolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dipteryx_odorata" title="Dipteryx odorata">Cumaru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebony" title="Ebony">Ebony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elm" title="Elm">Elm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eucalyptus" title="Eucalyptus">Eucalyptus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazel" title="Hazel">Hazel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hickory" title="Hickory">Hickory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hornbeam" title="Hornbeam">Hornbeam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terminalia_ivorensis" title="Terminalia ivorensis">Idigbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocotea_porosa" title="Ocotea porosa">Imbuia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handroanthus" title="Handroanthus">Ipê</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iroko" title="Iroko">Iroko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eucalyptus_marginata" title="Eucalyptus marginata">Jarrah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dyera_costulata" title="Dyera costulata">Jelutong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lignum_vitae" title="Lignum vitae">Lignum vitae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tilia" title="Tilia">Linden <i>(lime, basswood)</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lovoa_trichilioides" title="Lovoa trichilioides">Lovoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intsia_bijuga" title="Intsia bijuga">Merbau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahogany" title="Mahogany">Mahogany</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Swietenia_macrophylla" title="Swietenia macrophylla">American</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Khaya" title="Khaya">African</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maple" title="Maple">Maple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shorea" title="Shorea">Meranti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oak" title="Oak">Oak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pterocarpus" title="Pterocarpus">Padauk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pear" title="Pear">Pear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plum" title="Plum">Plum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Populus" title="Populus">Poplar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peltogyne" title="Peltogyne">Purpleheart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guibourtia_ehie" title="Guibourtia ehie">Ovankol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gonystylus" title="Gonystylus">Ramin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schinopsis" title="Schinopsis">Red Quebracho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosewood" title="Rosewood">Rosewood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubberwood" title="Rubberwood">Rubberwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sapele" title="Sapele">Sapele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teak" title="Teak">Teak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Podocarpus_totara" title="Podocarpus totara">Totara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entandrophragma" title="Entandrophragma">Utile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juglans" title="Juglans">Walnut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millettia_laurentii" title="Millettia laurentii">Wenge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willow" title="Willow">Willow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zebrawood" title="Zebrawood">Zebrano</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:3.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Engineered_wood" title="Engineered wood">Engineered</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cross-laminated_timber" title="Cross-laminated timber">Cross-laminated</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glued_laminated_timber" title="Glued laminated timber">Glue laminated</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardboard" title="Hardboard">Hardboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medium-density_fibreboard" title="Medium-density fibreboard">MDF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oriented_strand_board" title="Oriented strand board">OSB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Particle_board" title="Particle board">Particle board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plywood" title="Plywood">Plywood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wood-plastic_composite" class="mw-redirect" title="Wood-plastic composite">Wood-plastic composite</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Woodworking_tools" title="Category:Woodworking tools">Tools</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abrasive" title="Abrasive">Abrasives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axe" title="Axe">Axe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adze" title="Adze">Adze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burnisher" title="Burnisher">Burnisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chisel" title="Chisel">Chisel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drawknife" title="Drawknife">Drawknife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drill" title="Drill">Drill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fence_(woodworking)" title="Fence (woodworking)">Fence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Float_(woodworking)" title="Float (woodworking)">Float</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gimlet_(tool)" title="Gimlet (tool)">Gimlet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gauge_(instrument)" title="Gauge (instrument)">Gauge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_driver" title="Impact driver">Impact driver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janka_hardness_test" title="Janka hardness test">Janka hardness test</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jointer" title="Jointer">Jointer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mallet" title="Mallet">Mallet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milling_(machining)" title="Milling (machining)">Milling machine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitre_box" title="Mitre box">Mitre box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rasp" title="Rasp">Rasp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Router_(woodworking)" title="Router (woodworking)">Router</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wood_shaper" title="Wood shaper">Shaper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandpaper" title="Sandpaper">Sandpaper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Square_(tool)" title="Square (tool)">Square</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Steel_square" title="Steel square">Carpenters</a>, <a href="/wiki/Combination_square" title="Combination square">Combination</a>, <a href="/wiki/Miter_square" title="Miter square">Miter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Speed_square" title="Speed square">Speed</a>, <a href="/wiki/Try_square" title="Try square">Try</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thickness_planer" title="Thickness planer">Thickness planer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_timber_framing_tools" title="List of timber framing tools">Timber-framing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veneer_hammer" title="Veneer hammer">Veneer hammer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vise" title="Vise">Vise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warrington_hammer" title="Warrington hammer">Warrington hammer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winding_stick" title="Winding stick">Winding sticks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wood_scribe" title="Wood scribe">Wood scribe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workbench_(woodworking)" title="Workbench (woodworking)">Workbench</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:3.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Clamp_(tool)" title="Clamp (tool)">Clamps</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Band_clamp" title="Band clamp">Band clamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C-clamp" title="C-clamp">C-clamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F-clamp" title="F-clamp">F-clamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flooring_clamp" title="Flooring clamp">Flooring clamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gripe_(tool)" title="Gripe (tool)">Gripe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holdfast_(tool)" title="Holdfast (tool)">Holdfast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitre_clamp" class="mw-redirect" title="Mitre clamp">Mitre clamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pipe_clamp" title="Pipe clamp">Pipe clamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sawbuck" title="Sawbuck">Sawbuck</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:3.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Saw" title="Saw">Saws</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Backsaw" title="Backsaw">Backsaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandsaw" title="Bandsaw">Bandsaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bow_saw" title="Bow saw">Bow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bucksaw" title="Bucksaw">Bucksaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chainsaw" title="Chainsaw">Chainsaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circular_saw" title="Circular saw">Circular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compass_saw" title="Compass saw">Compass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coping_saw" title="Coping saw">Coping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crosscut_saw" title="Crosscut saw">Crosscut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frame_saw" title="Frame saw">Frame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fretsaw" title="Fretsaw">Fretsaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hand_saw" title="Hand saw">Hand saw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jigsaw_(tool)" title="Jigsaw (tool)">Jigsaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keyhole_saw" title="Keyhole saw">Keyhole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miter_saw" title="Miter saw">Miter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ripsaw" title="Ripsaw">Ripsaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scroll_saw" title="Scroll saw">Scroll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Table_saw" title="Table saw">Table</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veneer_saw" title="Veneer saw">Veneer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whipsaw" title="Whipsaw">Whipsaw</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:3.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Plane_(tool)" title="Plane (tool)">Planes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bedrock_plane" title="Bedrock plane">Bedrock plane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Block_plane" title="Block plane">Block plane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamfer_plane" title="Chamfer plane">Chamfer plane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compass_plane" class="mw-redirect" title="Compass plane">Compass plane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finger_plane" title="Finger plane">Finger plane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fore_plane" title="Fore plane">Fore plane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grooving_plane" title="Grooving plane">Grooving plane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_plane" title="Jack plane">Jack plane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_plane" title="Japanese plane">Japanese plane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jointer_plane" title="Jointer plane">Jointer plane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moulding_plane" title="Moulding plane">Moulding plane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Razee_plane" title="Razee plane">Razee plane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebate_plane" title="Rebate plane">Rebate plane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Router_plane" title="Router plane">Router plane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scrub_plane" title="Scrub plane">Scrub plane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoulder_plane" title="Shoulder plane">Shoulder plane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoothing_plane" title="Smoothing plane">Smoothing plane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spokeshave" title="Spokeshave">Spokeshave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surform" title="Surform">Surform</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geometry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:3.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Joinery" title="Joinery">Joints</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Birdsmouth_joint" title="Birdsmouth joint">Birdsmouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biscuit_joiner" title="Biscuit joiner">Biscuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Box_joint" title="Box joint">Box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridle_joint" title="Bridle joint">Bridle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butt_joint" title="Butt joint">Butt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butterfly_joint" title="Butterfly joint">Butterfly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coping_(joinery)" title="Coping (joinery)">Coping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Thorns_(woodworking)" title="Crown of Thorns (woodworking)">Crown of thorns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dado_(joinery)" title="Dado (joinery)">Dado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dovetail_joint" title="Dovetail joint">Dovetail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finger_joint" title="Finger joint">Finger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groove_(joinery)" title="Groove (joinery)">Groove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halved_joint" title="Halved joint">Halved</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hammer-headed_tenon" title="Hammer-headed tenon">Hammer-headed tenon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knee_(construction)" title="Knee (construction)">Knee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lap_joint" title="Lap joint">Lap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mason%27s_mitre" class="mw-redirect" title="Mason's mitre">Mason's mitre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miter_joint" title="Miter joint">Miter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortise_and_tenon" title="Mortise and tenon">Mortise and tenon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabbet" title="Rabbet">Rabbet/Rebate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scarf_joint" title="Scarf joint">Scarf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Splice_joint" title="Splice joint">Splice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongue_and_groove" title="Tongue and groove">Tongue and groove</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:3.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Molding_(decorative)" title="Molding (decorative)">Profiles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bead_(woodworking)" title="Bead (woodworking)">Bead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bevel" title="Bevel">Bevel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamfer" title="Chamfer">Chamfer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogee" title="Ogee">Ogee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogive" title="Ogive">Ogive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ovolo" title="Ovolo">Ovolo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:3.5em;font-weight:normal;">Surface piecing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Purfling#Binding" title="Purfling">Binding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edge_banding" title="Edge banding">Edge banding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intarsia" title="Intarsia">Intarsia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marquetry" title="Marquetry">Marquetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oystering" title="Oystering">Oystering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parquet" title="Parquet">Parquetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purfling" title="Purfling">Purfling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Treatments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wood_glue" title="Wood glue">Adhesive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_polish" title="French polish">French polish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heat_bending_of_wood" title="Heat bending of wood">Heat bending</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lacquer" title="Lacquer">Lacquer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drying_oil" title="Drying oil">Oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paint" title="Paint">Paint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paint_stripper" title="Paint stripper">Paint stripper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steam_bending" title="Steam bending">Steam bending</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wood_preservation#Heat_treatments" title="Wood preservation">Thermal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varnish" title="Varnish">Varnish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wax" title="Wax">Wax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wood_drying" title="Wood drying">Wood drying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wood_preservation" title="Wood preservation">Wood preservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wood_stain" title="Wood stain">Wood stain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wood_finishing" title="Wood finishing">Wood finishing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Association_of_Woodturners" title="American Association of Woodturners">American Association of Woodturners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architectural_Woodwork_Institute" title="Architectural Woodwork Institute">Architectural Woodwork Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Woodworking_Federation" title="British Woodworking Federation">British Woodworking Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Building_and_Wood_Workers%27_International" title="Building and Wood Workers' International">Building and Wood Workers' International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caricature_Carvers_of_America" title="Caricature Carvers of America">Caricature Carvers of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Federation_of_Building_and_Wood_Workers" title="International Federation of Building and Wood Workers">International Federation of Building and Wood Workers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Wood_Carvers_Association" title="National Wood Carvers Association">National Wood Carvers Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Wood_Engravers" title="Society of Wood Engravers">Society of Wood Engravers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timber_Framers_Guild" title="Timber Framers Guild">Timber Framers Guild</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Conversion</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chainsaw_mill" title="Chainsaw mill">Chainsaw mill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hewing" title="Hewing">Hewing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sawmill" title="Sawmill">Sawmill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whipsaw" title="Whipsaw">Whipsaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wood_splitting" title="Wood splitting">Wood splitting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flat_sawing" title="Flat sawing">Flat sawing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quarter_sawing" title="Quarter sawing">Quarter sawing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rift_sawing" title="Rift sawing">Rift sawing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Techniques</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frame_and_panel" title="Frame and panel">Frame and panel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frameless_construction" title="Frameless construction">Frameless construction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_woodworking" title="Green woodworking">Green woodworking</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td 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