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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Methods" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Methods"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Methods</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Methods-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reinforced_butt_joints" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reinforced_butt_joints"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Reinforced butt joints</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Reinforced_butt_joints-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Reinforced butt joints subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Reinforced_butt_joints-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Lashed_butt_joint" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lashed_butt_joint"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Lashed butt joint</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lashed_butt_joint-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nailed_butt_joint" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nailed_butt_joint"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Nailed butt joint</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nailed_butt_joint-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dowel_reinforced_butt_joint" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dowel_reinforced_butt_joint"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Dowel reinforced butt joint</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dowel_reinforced_butt_joint-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Biscuit_reinforced_butt_joint" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biscuit_reinforced_butt_joint"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Biscuit reinforced butt joint</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biscuit_reinforced_butt_joint-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Screwed_butt_joint" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Screwed_butt_joint"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Screwed butt joint</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Screwed_butt_joint-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Butt_joint_with_pocket_hole_screws" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Butt_joint_with_pocket_hole_screws"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Butt joint with pocket hole screws</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Butt_joint_with_pocket_hole_screws-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cam_fasteners" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cam_fasteners"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Cam fasteners</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cam_fasteners-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Woodworking joint</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about butt joints in woodworking. For butt joints in metalworking, see <a href="/wiki/Butt_welding" title="Butt welding">butt welding</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Butt_joint" title="Special:EditPage/Butt joint">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Butt+joint%22">"Butt joint"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Butt+joint%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Butt+joint%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Butt+joint%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Butt+joint%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Butt+joint%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Butt_joint.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Butt_joint.png/220px-Butt_joint.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Butt_joint.png/330px-Butt_joint.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3b/Butt_joint.png 2x" data-file-width="422" data-file-height="262" /></a><figcaption>Butt joint</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>butt joint</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Joinery" title="Joinery">wood joint</a> in which the end of a piece of material is simply placed (or “butted”) against another piece. The butt joint is the simplest joint. An unreinforced butt joint is also the weakest joint, as it provides a limited surface area for gluing and lacks any mechanical interlocking to resist external forces.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nonetheless, it generally provides sufficient strength in most cases, particularly when <a href="/wiki/Fastener" title="Fastener">fasteners</a> are used. The butt joint is widely used in many applications due to its simplicity, notably in rough <a href="/wiki/Carpentry" title="Carpentry">carpentry</a> and construction. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Methods">Methods</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Butt_joint&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Methods"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Butt_joint" title="Special:EditPage/Butt joint">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>There are several types of butt joint based on the orientation of the pieces being joined. These include the T-butt, end-to-end butt, Miter butt and edge-to-edge butt. </p><p>The T-butt joint is a very simple joint to construct. Members are simply docked (cut off) at a right angle and at the required length. One member will be shorter than the finished size by the thickness of the adjacent member. For enclosed constructions, such as four-sided frames or boxes, the thickness of the two adjacent members must be taken into consideration. For example: when constructing a four-sided box made from 19 mm thick material that is to be of finished size 600 mm × 600 mm, two of the members will be docked at 600 mm and the other two will be docked at <span class="nowrap">600 mm − 19 mm − 19 mm = 562 mm.</span> </p><p>Reinforced butt joints may require additional steps which are detailed below. </p><p>In solid timber, docking of members for a butt joint is usually a crosscut, so a <a href="/wiki/Crosscut_saw" title="Crosscut saw">crosscut saw</a> is best for this job. When working with sheet goods, there is no distinction between crosscut and <a href="/wiki/Rip_cut" title="Rip cut">rip cut</a>. </p><p>The joint members can be docked by any of the following methods: </p> <dl><dt>Carcase butt joints</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crosscut_saw" title="Crosscut saw">Crosscut saw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circular_saw" title="Circular saw">Circular saw</a> and <a href="/wiki/Straightedge" title="Straightedge">straightedge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Table_saw" title="Table saw">Table saw</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Frame butt joints</dt></dl> <ul><li>Crosscut <a href="/wiki/Backsaw" title="Backsaw">backsaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miter_saw" title="Miter saw">Miter saw</a></li> <li>Table saw using a mitre gauge, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Crosscut_sled&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crosscut sled (page does not exist)">crosscut sled</a>, or sliding table attachment.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reinforced_butt_joints">Reinforced butt joints</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Butt_joint&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Reinforced butt joints"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>To overcome their inherent weakness, butt joints are usually reinforced by one of the following methods: </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lashed_butt_joint">Lashed butt joint</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Butt_joint&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Lashed butt joint"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Inuit_Kayak_frame_(41307062230).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Inuit_Kayak_frame_%2841307062230%29.jpg/220px-Inuit_Kayak_frame_%2841307062230%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Inuit_Kayak_frame_%2841307062230%29.jpg/330px-Inuit_Kayak_frame_%2841307062230%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Inuit_Kayak_frame_%2841307062230%29.jpg/440px-Inuit_Kayak_frame_%2841307062230%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a><figcaption>Lashed butt joints in a <a href="/wiki/Kayak" title="Kayak">kayak</a> frame</figcaption></figure> <p>A butt joint may be held by <a href="/wiki/Lashing_(ropework)" title="Lashing (ropework)">lashings</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nailed_butt_joint">Nailed butt joint</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Butt_joint&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Nailed butt joint"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This is the most common form of the butt joint in building construction. Members are brought together and a number of nails are driven in to hold them in place. The technique of skew-nailing is applied so that nails are not parallel to each other and so resist the pulling apart of the joint.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This form of butt joint is rarely used in furniture making. </p><p>Used for: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Light-frame_construction" class="mw-redirect" title="Light-frame construction">framing in building construction</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Platform_framing" class="mw-redirect" title="Platform framing">platform framing</a></li> <li>Basic or temporary box/cabinet/frame making</li> <li>woodwork toys</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dowel_reinforced_butt_joint">Dowel reinforced butt joint</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Butt_joint&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Dowel reinforced butt joint"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Woodworking-joint-butt-dowel.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Woodworking-joint-butt-dowel.gif/200px-Woodworking-joint-butt-dowel.gif" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Woodworking-joint-butt-dowel.gif/300px-Woodworking-joint-butt-dowel.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Woodworking-joint-butt-dowel.gif/400px-Woodworking-joint-butt-dowel.gif 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption>A dowel reinforced butt joint</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>dowel reinforced butt joint</b> or simply <i>dowel joint</i> has been a very common method of reinforcing butt joints in furniture for years. They are common in both frame and carcase construction. Dowel joints are popular in chairs, cabinets, panels and tabletops. They are also used to assist with alignment during glue up. </p><p>The technique consists of cutting the members to size and then drilling a series of holes in the joint surface of each member. Holes are often drilled with the assistance of a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dowelling_jig&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dowelling jig (page does not exist)">dowelling jig</a> which aids in accurate hole placement — accuracy is paramount in this technique to ensure members line up perfectly in the completed joint. The holes are drilled such that there are corresponding holes in each member into which short <a href="/wiki/Dowel" title="Dowel">dowels</a> are inserted with some glue. The joint is brought together and clamped until the glue has dried. </p><p>This produces a joint that is much stronger than a butt joint without reinforcement.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The dowels offer some holding strength even after the glue has deteriorated. Over time, dowels may shrink and become loose. They take on an oval shape in section owing to the different rate at which wood moves with different orientations of the <a href="/wiki/Wood_grain" title="Wood grain">grain</a>. Loose dowels allow the joint to flex, although it may not fall apart. This phenomenon is evident in creaking chairs and wobbling book cases. For this reason, dowel joints are not preferred for high-quality furniture. </p><p>Used for: </p> <ul><li>Frame joinery (e.g. face frames, web frames, door frames, table legs to aprons, chair legs)</li> <li>Cabinet carcase construction (e.g. carcase sides to top and bottom, fixed shelving/partitions)</li> <li>Panel assembly (for alignment)</li></ul> <p>A variation of the dowel method for reinforcement is the use of a Miller dowel in place of the usual straight cylindrical dowel. The Miller dowel is a stepped dowel and is drilled with a special stepped drill bit. It is drilled from the outside face of the frame piece to be joined and therefore generally leaves an exposed dowel protruding after glue dries, and the excess dowel head is thus usually flush cut. The advantages of the special dowel are documented in various media promoting the method, but one advantage that should not be overlooked is speed of assembly. The butt joint can often be joined temporarily and sometimes more accurately with simply glue, allowing faster set up than the usual tedious alignment procedures mentioned above. After the glue dries one or more Miller dowels are then used to reinforce the joint. Dowel trimming and sanding of the surface, followed by normal finishing then proceed in the usual manner. The blind alignment problems of floating dowels are virtually eliminated by the use of the Miller dowel. Not all projects are appropriate for the stepped dowel method if an exposed dowel end is not visually acceptable, however. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Biscuit_reinforced_butt_joint">Biscuit reinforced butt joint</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Butt_joint&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Biscuit reinforced butt joint"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Woodworking-joint-butt-biscuit.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Woodworking-joint-butt-biscuit.gif/200px-Woodworking-joint-butt-biscuit.gif" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Woodworking-joint-butt-biscuit.gif/300px-Woodworking-joint-butt-biscuit.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Woodworking-joint-butt-biscuit.gif/400px-Woodworking-joint-butt-biscuit.gif 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption>A biscuit reinforced butt joint</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>biscuit reinforced butt joint</b> is a fairly recent innovation in butt joint construction. It is used primarily in carcase and frame construction. The <i>biscuit</i> is an <a href="/wiki/Oval" title="Oval">oval</a> shaped piece of specially dried and compressed wood, usually beech, which is installed in matching mortises in both members of the joint in a similar fashion to a loose or <a href="/wiki/Mortise_and_tenon#Types" title="Mortise and tenon">floating tenon</a>. Biscuit joints are common in both frame and carcase construction. They are particularly convenient for panel glue ups as they facilitate alignment of panel members. </p><p>To create the mortise for the biscuit, a <a href="/wiki/Biscuit_joiner" title="Biscuit joiner">biscuit joiner</a> is usually required. There are other methods of cutting the slot, such as a slot cutter bit in a <a href="/wiki/Wood_router" class="mw-redirect" title="Wood router">router</a>, but the biscuit joiner is the most common. Accuracy is not as important in the creation of these mortises as the biscuit joint is designed to allow a bit of flexibility during glue up. The mortise must be located at the correct distance from the face of the joint in both members but the width of the mortise is not as critical. </p><p>When the mortises have been cut, the biscuit is inserted with some glue and the joint is brought together, aligned and clamped. The biscuit absorbs some moisture from the glue and swells up in the mortise, creating a tightly fitting joint. </p><p>Biscuits are available in a range of sizes for different purposes. It is also common to use more than one biscuit side by side in a joint when members are thick. </p><p>Used for: </p> <ul><li>Frame joinery (e.g. face frames, web frames, table legs to aprons, chair legs)</li> <li>Cabinet carcase construction (e.g. carcase sides to top and bottom, fixed shelving/partitions)</li> <li>Panel assembly (for alignment)</li> <li>Attaching face frames to cabinets</li> <li>Bottom</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Screwed_butt_joint">Screwed butt joint</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Butt_joint&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Screwed butt joint"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <b>screwed butt joint</b> uses one or more screws inserted after the joint has been brought together. The screws are usually inserted into an edge on the long grain side of one member and extend through the joint into the end grain of the adjacent member. For this reason, long screws are required (usually 3 times the thickness of the member) to ensure good traction. These joints may also be glued although it is not necessary. </p><p>In solid timber work it is common to <a href="/wiki/Counterbore" title="Counterbore">counterbore</a> a hole in the frame or carcase member to conceal the head of the screw. This also allows more of the body of the screw to penetrate the adjacent member for greater traction. After the screw has been driven into the joint, the counterbore can be filled with an appropriately sized piece of dowel or a wooden plug cut from an offcut of the same timber using a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Plug_cutter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plug cutter (page does not exist)">plug cutter</a>. </p><p>There are also commercial systems available for screwed butt joints in which a plastic cap is provided with the screw to be fixed to the head of the screw after it has been driven home. Counterbores are not required for these fasteners. This system is more common with manufactured board products. </p><p>The screwed butt joint is common in both frame and carcase joinery. Modular kitchens make regular use of this fixing method. </p><p>Used for: </p> <ul><li>Frame joinery (e.g. face frames, web frames, door frames)</li> <li>Cabinet carcase construction (carcase sides to top and bottom, fixed shelving/partitions)</li></ul> <p>If the material is a weak-centered one like <a href="/wiki/Particleboard" class="mw-redirect" title="Particleboard">particleboard</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Confirmat_screw" title="Confirmat screw">confirmat screw</a> may be used. This has a large shank and acts more like a dowel.<sup id="cite_ref-fineH_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fineH-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-digest_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-digest-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Butt_joint_with_pocket_hole_screws">Butt joint with pocket hole screws</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Butt_joint&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Butt joint with pocket hole screws"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Pocket-hole_joinery" title="Pocket-hole joinery">Pocket-hole joinery</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Woodworking-joint-butt-pockethole.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Woodworking-joint-butt-pockethole.gif/200px-Woodworking-joint-butt-pockethole.gif" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Woodworking-joint-butt-pockethole.gif/300px-Woodworking-joint-butt-pockethole.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Woodworking-joint-butt-pockethole.gif/400px-Woodworking-joint-butt-pockethole.gif 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption>A butt joint with pocket hole screws</figcaption></figure> <p>This is a variation of the screwed butt joint in which the screws are inserted into <i>pocket holes</i> drilled in the rear face of one of the joint members. The screws extend into cross grain in the adjacent member, so much shorter screws can be used. This method is preferred when the edges of the frame will be visible. </p><p>The pocket holes require two drilling operations to be completed. The first is to counterbore the pocket hole itself, which houses the screw head within the member. This hole is stopped <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">4</span></span> in (6.4 mm) or so from the edge of the frame member. The second step is to drill a pilot hole concentric with the pocket hole which extends through the edge of the member. The pilot hole allows the screw to pass through the member and into the adjoining member. This two stage drilling operation may be performed with two different sized <a href="/wiki/Drill_bits" class="mw-redirect" title="Drill bits">drill bits</a>, however there are special <i>stepped</i> bits available to perform the operation in a single pass. The drilling operation is often facilitated by a <a href="/wiki/Pocket-hole_joinery#Pocket_hole_jigs" title="Pocket-hole joinery">pocket hole jig</a> which allows the user to drill the pocket hole at the correct angle and to the correct depth. </p><p>Used for: </p> <ul><li>Frame joinery (e.g. face frames, web frames, door frames)</li> <li>Attaching face frames to cabinets</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cam_fasteners">Cam fasteners</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Butt_joint&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Cam fasteners"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cam_connector_cropped.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Cam_connector_cropped.png/220px-Cam_connector_cropped.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Cam_connector_cropped.png/330px-Cam_connector_cropped.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Cam_connector_cropped.png/440px-Cam_connector_cropped.png 2x" data-file-width="1925" data-file-height="1065" /></a><figcaption>Cam screw and cam nut</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cam_lock_patent_1.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Cam_lock_patent_1.png/220px-Cam_lock_patent_1.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="323" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Cam_lock_patent_1.png/330px-Cam_lock_patent_1.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Cam_lock_patent_1.png/440px-Cam_lock_patent_1.png 2x" data-file-width="2320" data-file-height="3408" /></a><figcaption>Patent diagram of a cam fastening system</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>cam fastener</b> is a two-part <a href="/wiki/Knock-down_fastener" class="mw-redirect" title="Knock-down fastener">knock-down fastener</a> often employed in <a href="/wiki/Flat_pack_furniture" class="mw-redirect" title="Flat pack furniture">flat-pack furniture</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-home-dzine_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-home-dzine-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It consists of a <b>cam post</b> (or <b>cam dowel</b>), with a threaded end and a head, and a <b>cam lock</b> (or <b>cam nut</b>, or simply <b>cam</b>) with a circumferential groove designed to lock onto the head of the post when the cam is rotated perpendicularly to the post axis. It is generally used to attach the edge of a <a href="/wiki/Particle_board" title="Particle board">particle board</a> to the face of another. </p><p>The cam post is screwed into a predrilled hole in the face of one piece, such that the post head and barrel section protrude. The cam lock is placed in a cylindrical well near the edge of a second piece, which has a predrilled hole extending from the side of the well to the edge of the piece. With the cam aligned to allow insertion of the post head, the two boards are brought together, such that the post head rests inside the cam. The cam is then rotated with a screwdriver, capturing the post head, and pulling and locking the pieces together. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Butt_joint&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.woodworkbasics.com/butt-joint.html">"Woodwork - Butt Joint information and Pictures"</a>. <i>www.woodworkbasics.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-06-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.woodworkbasics.com&rft.atitle=Woodwork+-+Butt+Joint+information+and+Pictures&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.woodworkbasics.com%2Fbutt-joint.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AButt+joint" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJacksonDay2009" class="citation book cs1">Jackson, Albert; Day, David (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RTC8yFaw7ioC&dq=%22Butt+joint%22+-wikipedia&pg=PA473"><i>Popular Mechanics Complete Home How-to</i></a>. Sterling Publishing Company, Inc. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58816-803-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58816-803-0"><bdi>978-1-58816-803-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Popular+Mechanics+Complete+Home+How-to&rft.pub=Sterling+Publishing+Company%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-58816-803-0&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=Albert&rft.au=Day%2C+David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRTC8yFaw7ioC%26dq%3D%2522Butt%2Bjoint%2522%2B-wikipedia%26pg%3DPA473&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AButt+joint" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.canadianwoodworking.com/get-more/how-strong-dowel-joint">"How Strong is a Dowel Joint? - Canadian Woodworking Magazine"</a>. <i>www.canadianwoodworking.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-08-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.canadianwoodworking.com&rft.atitle=How+Strong+is+a+Dowel+Joint%3F+-+Canadian+Woodworking+Magazine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.canadianwoodworking.com%2Fget-more%2Fhow-strong-dowel-joint&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AButt+joint" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fineH-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-fineH_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGibson2008" class="citation web cs1">Gibson, Scott (27 June 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.finehomebuilding.com/2008/06/27/whats-the-difference-cabinet-assembly-screws">"What's the Difference: Cabinet assembly screws"</a>. <i>Fine Homebuilding</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fine+Homebuilding&rft.atitle=What%27s+the+Difference%3A+Cabinet+assembly+screws&rft.date=2008-06-27&rft.aulast=Gibson&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.finehomebuilding.com%2F2008%2F06%2F27%2Fwhats-the-difference-cabinet-assembly-screws&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AButt+joint" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-digest-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-digest_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaker2024" class="citation web cs1">Baker, Ron (20 April 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.housedigest.com/1563640/what-are-confirmat-screws-cabinet-benefits/">"What Confirmat Screws Are, And Why Your Cabinets Need Them"</a>. <i>House Digest</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=House+Digest&rft.atitle=What+Confirmat+Screws+Are%2C+And+Why+Your+Cabinets+Need+Them&rft.date=2024-04-20&rft.aulast=Baker&rft.aufirst=Ron&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.housedigest.com%2F1563640%2Fwhat-are-confirmat-screws-cabinet-benefits%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AButt+joint" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-home-dzine-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-home-dzine_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.home-dzine.co.za/diy/diy-camscrews.htm">"What are cam or locking screws?"</a>. <i>home-dzine.co.za</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=home-dzine.co.za&rft.atitle=What+are+cam+or+locking+screws%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.home-dzine.co.za%2Fdiy%2Fdiy-camscrews.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AButt+joint" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Butt_joint&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.diy-extra.co.uk/butt-joints.html">Creating Butt Joints</a> - DIY advice on choosing and creating butt joints.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_wood_carving" title="History of wood carving">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_woodworking" title="Glossary of woodworking">Glossary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wood" title="Wood">Wood</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lumber" title="Lumber">lumber</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Occupations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boat_building" title="Boat building">Boat building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bow_and_arrow" title="Bow and arrow">Bow and arrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bush_carpentry" title="Bush carpentry">Bush carpentry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinetry" title="Cabinetry">Cabinetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caning_(furniture)" title="Caning (furniture)">Caning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carpentry" title="Carpentry">Carpentry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Certosina" title="Certosina">Certosina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chainsaw_carving" title="Chainsaw carving">Chainsaw carving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chip_carving" title="Chip carving">Chip carving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89b%C3%A9niste" title="Ébéniste">Ébéniste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fretwork" title="Fretwork">Fretwork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intarsia" title="Intarsia">Intarsia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_carpentry" title="Japanese carpentry">Japanese carpentry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khatam" title="Khatam">Khatam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kohlrosing" title="Kohlrosing">Kohlrosing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Log_building" title="Log building">Log building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luthier" title="Luthier">Luthier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marquetry" title="Marquetry">Marquetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millwork" title="Millwork">Millwork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pallet_crafts" title="Pallet crafts">Pallet crafting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parquet" title="Parquet">Parquetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyrography" title="Pyrography">Pyrography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relief_carving" title="Relief carving">Relief carving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Root_carving" title="Root carving">Root carving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Segmented_turning" title="Segmented turning">Segmented turning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shingle_weaver" title="Shingle weaver">Shingle weaving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shipbuilding" title="Shipbuilding">Shipbuilding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spindle_turning" title="Spindle turning">Spindle turning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timber_framing" title="Timber framing">Timber framing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treen" title="Treen">Treen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whittling" title="Whittling">Whittling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wood_carving" title="Wood carving">Wood carving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodturning" title="Woodturning">Woodturning</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_woods" title="List of woods">Woods</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:3.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Softwood" title="Softwood">Soft</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_plants_known_as_cedar" title="List of plants known as cedar">Cedar</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Calocedrus" title="Calocedrus">Calocedrus</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Cedrus" title="Cedrus">Cedrus</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypress" title="Cypress">Cypress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_fir" title="Douglas fir">Douglas fir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fir" title="Fir">Fir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juniper" title="Juniper">Juniper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larch" title="Larch">Larch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agathis" title="Agathis">Kauri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pine" title="Pine">Pine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dacrydium_cupressinum" title="Dacrydium cupressinum">Rimu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spruce" title="Spruce">Spruce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxus" title="Taxus">Yew</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:3.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hardwood" title="Hardwood">Hard</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pericopsis_elata" title="Pericopsis elata">Afromosia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alder" title="Alder">Alder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carapa_guianensis" title="Carapa guianensis">Andiroba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anigre" title="Anigre">Anigre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fraxinus_excelsior" title="Fraxinus excelsior">Ash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malus" title="Malus">Apple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aspen" title="Aspen">Aspen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turraeanthus_africanus" title="Turraeanthus africanus">Avodire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ochroma" title="Ochroma">Balsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beech" title="Beech">Beech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bilinga_(wood)" title="Bilinga (wood)">Bilinga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birch" title="Birch">Birch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalbergia_melanoxylon" title="Dalbergia melanoxylon">African Blackwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acacia_melanoxylon" title="Acacia melanoxylon">Australian Blackwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buxus" title="Buxus">Boxwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guibourtia" title="Guibourtia">Bubinga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camphora_officinarum" title="Camphora officinarum">Camphor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cedrela" title="Cedrela">Cedrela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prunus" title="Prunus">Cherry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chestnut" title="Chestnut">Chestnut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocobolo" title="Cocobolo">Cocobolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dipteryx_odorata" title="Dipteryx odorata">Cumaru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebony" title="Ebony">Ebony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elm" title="Elm">Elm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eucalyptus" title="Eucalyptus">Eucalyptus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazel" title="Hazel">Hazel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hickory" title="Hickory">Hickory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hornbeam" title="Hornbeam">Hornbeam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terminalia_ivorensis" title="Terminalia ivorensis">Idigbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocotea_porosa" title="Ocotea porosa">Imbuia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handroanthus" title="Handroanthus">Ipê</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iroko" title="Iroko">Iroko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eucalyptus_marginata" title="Eucalyptus marginata">Jarrah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dyera_costulata" title="Dyera costulata">Jelutong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lignum_vitae" title="Lignum vitae">Lignum vitae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tilia" title="Tilia">Linden <i>(lime, basswood)</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lovoa_trichilioides" title="Lovoa trichilioides">Lovoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intsia_bijuga" title="Intsia bijuga">Merbau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahogany" title="Mahogany">Mahogany</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Swietenia_macrophylla" title="Swietenia macrophylla">American</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Khaya" title="Khaya">African</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maple" title="Maple">Maple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shorea" title="Shorea">Meranti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oak" title="Oak">Oak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pterocarpus" title="Pterocarpus">Padauk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pear" title="Pear">Pear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plum" title="Plum">Plum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Populus" title="Populus">Poplar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peltogyne" title="Peltogyne">Purpleheart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guibourtia_ehie" title="Guibourtia ehie">Ovankol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gonystylus" title="Gonystylus">Ramin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schinopsis" title="Schinopsis">Red Quebracho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosewood" title="Rosewood">Rosewood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubberwood" title="Rubberwood">Rubberwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sapele" title="Sapele">Sapele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teak" title="Teak">Teak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Podocarpus_totara" title="Podocarpus totara">Totara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entandrophragma" title="Entandrophragma">Utile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juglans" title="Juglans">Walnut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millettia_laurentii" title="Millettia laurentii">Wenge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willow" title="Willow">Willow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zebrawood" title="Zebrawood">Zebrano</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:3.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Engineered_wood" title="Engineered wood">Engineered</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cross-laminated_timber" title="Cross-laminated timber">Cross-laminated</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glued_laminated_timber" title="Glued laminated timber">Glue laminated</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardboard" title="Hardboard">Hardboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medium-density_fibreboard" title="Medium-density fibreboard">MDF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oriented_strand_board" title="Oriented strand board">OSB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Particle_board" title="Particle board">Particle board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plywood" title="Plywood">Plywood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wood-plastic_composite" class="mw-redirect" title="Wood-plastic composite">Wood-plastic composite</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Woodworking_tools" title="Category:Woodworking tools">Tools</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abrasive" title="Abrasive">Abrasives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axe" title="Axe">Axe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adze" title="Adze">Adze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burnisher" title="Burnisher">Burnisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chisel" title="Chisel">Chisel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drawknife" title="Drawknife">Drawknife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drill" title="Drill">Drill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fence_(woodworking)" title="Fence (woodworking)">Fence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Float_(woodworking)" title="Float (woodworking)">Float</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gimlet_(tool)" title="Gimlet (tool)">Gimlet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gauge_(instrument)" title="Gauge (instrument)">Gauge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_driver" title="Impact driver">Impact driver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janka_hardness_test" title="Janka hardness test">Janka hardness test</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jointer" title="Jointer">Jointer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mallet" title="Mallet">Mallet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milling_(machining)" title="Milling (machining)">Milling machine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitre_box" title="Mitre box">Mitre box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rasp" title="Rasp">Rasp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Router_(woodworking)" title="Router (woodworking)">Router</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wood_shaper" title="Wood shaper">Shaper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandpaper" title="Sandpaper">Sandpaper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Square_(tool)" title="Square (tool)">Square</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Steel_square" title="Steel square">Carpenters</a>, <a href="/wiki/Combination_square" title="Combination square">Combination</a>, <a href="/wiki/Miter_square" title="Miter square">Miter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Speed_square" title="Speed square">Speed</a>, <a href="/wiki/Try_square" title="Try square">Try</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thickness_planer" title="Thickness planer">Thickness planer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_timber_framing_tools" title="List of timber framing tools">Timber-framing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veneer_hammer" title="Veneer hammer">Veneer hammer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vise" title="Vise">Vise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warrington_hammer" title="Warrington hammer">Warrington hammer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winding_stick" title="Winding stick">Winding sticks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wood_scribe" title="Wood scribe">Wood scribe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workbench_(woodworking)" title="Workbench (woodworking)">Workbench</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:3.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Clamp_(tool)" title="Clamp (tool)">Clamps</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Band_clamp" title="Band clamp">Band clamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C-clamp" title="C-clamp">C-clamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F-clamp" title="F-clamp">F-clamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flooring_clamp" title="Flooring clamp">Flooring clamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gripe_(tool)" title="Gripe (tool)">Gripe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holdfast_(tool)" title="Holdfast (tool)">Holdfast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitre_clamp" class="mw-redirect" title="Mitre clamp">Mitre clamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pipe_clamp" title="Pipe clamp">Pipe clamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sawbuck" title="Sawbuck">Sawbuck</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:3.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Saw" title="Saw">Saws</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Backsaw" title="Backsaw">Backsaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandsaw" title="Bandsaw">Bandsaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bow_saw" title="Bow saw">Bow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bucksaw" title="Bucksaw">Bucksaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chainsaw" title="Chainsaw">Chainsaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circular_saw" title="Circular saw">Circular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compass_saw" title="Compass saw">Compass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coping_saw" title="Coping saw">Coping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crosscut_saw" title="Crosscut saw">Crosscut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frame_saw" title="Frame saw">Frame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fretsaw" title="Fretsaw">Fretsaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hand_saw" title="Hand saw">Hand saw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jigsaw_(tool)" title="Jigsaw (tool)">Jigsaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keyhole_saw" title="Keyhole saw">Keyhole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miter_saw" title="Miter saw">Miter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ripsaw" title="Ripsaw">Ripsaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scroll_saw" title="Scroll saw">Scroll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Table_saw" title="Table saw">Table</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veneer_saw" title="Veneer saw">Veneer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whipsaw" title="Whipsaw">Whipsaw</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:3.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Plane_(tool)" title="Plane (tool)">Planes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bedrock_plane" title="Bedrock plane">Bedrock plane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Block_plane" title="Block plane">Block plane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamfer_plane" title="Chamfer plane">Chamfer plane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compass_plane" class="mw-redirect" title="Compass plane">Compass plane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finger_plane" title="Finger plane">Finger plane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fore_plane" title="Fore plane">Fore plane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grooving_plane" title="Grooving plane">Grooving plane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_plane" title="Jack plane">Jack plane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_plane" title="Japanese plane">Japanese plane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jointer_plane" title="Jointer plane">Jointer plane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moulding_plane" title="Moulding plane">Moulding plane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Razee_plane" title="Razee plane">Razee plane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebate_plane" title="Rebate plane">Rebate plane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Router_plane" title="Router plane">Router plane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scrub_plane" title="Scrub plane">Scrub plane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoulder_plane" title="Shoulder plane">Shoulder plane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoothing_plane" title="Smoothing plane">Smoothing plane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spokeshave" title="Spokeshave">Spokeshave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surform" title="Surform">Surform</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geometry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:3.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Joinery" title="Joinery">Joints</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Birdsmouth_joint" title="Birdsmouth joint">Birdsmouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biscuit_joiner" title="Biscuit joiner">Biscuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Box_joint" title="Box joint">Box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridle_joint" title="Bridle joint">Bridle</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Butt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butterfly_joint" title="Butterfly joint">Butterfly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coping_(joinery)" title="Coping (joinery)">Coping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Thorns_(woodworking)" title="Crown of Thorns (woodworking)">Crown of thorns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dado_(joinery)" title="Dado (joinery)">Dado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dovetail_joint" title="Dovetail joint">Dovetail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finger_joint" title="Finger joint">Finger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groove_(joinery)" title="Groove (joinery)">Groove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halved_joint" title="Halved joint">Halved</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hammer-headed_tenon" title="Hammer-headed tenon">Hammer-headed tenon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knee_(construction)" title="Knee (construction)">Knee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lap_joint" title="Lap joint">Lap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mason%27s_mitre" class="mw-redirect" title="Mason's mitre">Mason's mitre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miter_joint" title="Miter joint">Miter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortise_and_tenon" title="Mortise and tenon">Mortise and tenon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabbet" title="Rabbet">Rabbet/Rebate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scarf_joint" title="Scarf joint">Scarf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Splice_joint" title="Splice joint">Splice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongue_and_groove" title="Tongue and groove">Tongue and groove</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:3.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Molding_(decorative)" title="Molding (decorative)">Profiles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bead_(woodworking)" title="Bead (woodworking)">Bead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bevel" title="Bevel">Bevel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamfer" title="Chamfer">Chamfer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogee" title="Ogee">Ogee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogive" title="Ogive">Ogive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ovolo" title="Ovolo">Ovolo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:3.5em;font-weight:normal;">Surface piecing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Purfling#Binding" title="Purfling">Binding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edge_banding" title="Edge banding">Edge banding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intarsia" title="Intarsia">Intarsia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marquetry" title="Marquetry">Marquetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oystering" title="Oystering">Oystering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parquet" title="Parquet">Parquetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purfling" title="Purfling">Purfling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Treatments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wood_glue" title="Wood glue">Adhesive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_polish" title="French polish">French polish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heat_bending_of_wood" title="Heat bending of wood">Heat bending</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lacquer" title="Lacquer">Lacquer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drying_oil" title="Drying oil">Oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paint" title="Paint">Paint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paint_stripper" title="Paint stripper">Paint stripper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steam_bending" title="Steam bending">Steam bending</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wood_preservation#Heat_treatments" title="Wood preservation">Thermal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varnish" title="Varnish">Varnish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wax" title="Wax">Wax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wood_drying" title="Wood drying">Wood drying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wood_preservation" title="Wood preservation">Wood preservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wood_stain" title="Wood stain">Wood stain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wood_finishing" title="Wood finishing">Wood finishing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Association_of_Woodturners" title="American Association of Woodturners">American Association of Woodturners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architectural_Woodwork_Institute" title="Architectural Woodwork Institute">Architectural Woodwork Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Woodworking_Federation" title="British Woodworking Federation">British Woodworking Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Building_and_Wood_Workers%27_International" title="Building and Wood Workers' International">Building and Wood Workers' International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caricature_Carvers_of_America" title="Caricature Carvers of America">Caricature Carvers of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Federation_of_Building_and_Wood_Workers" title="International Federation of Building and Wood Workers">International Federation of Building and Wood Workers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Wood_Carvers_Association" title="National Wood Carvers Association">National Wood Carvers Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Wood_Engravers" title="Society of Wood Engravers">Society of Wood Engravers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timber_Framers_Guild" title="Timber Framers Guild">Timber Framers Guild</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Conversion</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chainsaw_mill" title="Chainsaw mill">Chainsaw mill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hewing" title="Hewing">Hewing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sawmill" title="Sawmill">Sawmill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whipsaw" title="Whipsaw">Whipsaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wood_splitting" title="Wood splitting">Wood splitting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flat_sawing" title="Flat sawing">Flat sawing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quarter_sawing" title="Quarter sawing">Quarter sawing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rift_sawing" title="Rift sawing">Rift sawing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Techniques</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frame_and_panel" title="Frame and panel">Frame and panel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frameless_construction" title="Frameless construction">Frameless construction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_woodworking" title="Green woodworking">Green woodworking</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Woodworking" 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