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class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">1</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 2" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">2</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 3" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">3</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 4" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">4</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 5" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">5</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 6" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">6</a></li></ul><div class="content whole type-article" ><div class="block_1" data-ucode="yT230699_0"><i class="anchor" id="yT230699_0"></i><p> Le Nouveau Testament mentionne un ministère d'épiscope à quatre reprises (Philippiens, I, 1 ; Actes, <span class="pc">xx</span>, 28 ; I Timothée, <span class="pc">iii</span>, 2 ; Tite, <span class="pc">i</span>, 7). L'analyse du terme ne permet pas de lui attribuer à ce moment le contenu qu'il acquiert par la suite, dès l'an 120, avec Ignace d'Antioche par exemple, chez qui l'évêque (du grec <em>épiskopos</em>, « surveillant » ou « inspecteur ») apparaît à la fois comme le premier pasteur d'une <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Alors que le même terme désigne, à la majuscule près, les édifices destinés au culte du Christ et la communauté de ses disciples, on observe que l'histoire et les réformes de l'Église à travers les siècles concernent à la fois sa liturgie et son architecture. L'histoire de l'architecture chrétienne s'étend sur plus de seize siècles et a concerné une grande partie du globe, au f..." title="Article : ÉGLISE, architecture" href="/encyclopedie/eglise-architecture/">Église</a> locale et comme celui qui la représente dans ses relations avec les autres Églises. Lorsque, en 150 environ, s'ajoute à ces traits la conviction que l'évêque, dont la fonction est désormais partout bien distincte de celle du collège des presbytres, succède aux Apôtres non comme témoin de la Résurrection ou comme fondement de l'Église, mais dans une sorte de régence qui s'exerce en elle, se trouvent établies les grandes lignes désormais invariables de la théologie de l'épiscopat.</p><p>L'évêque apparaît dans une relation originale avec la communauté à laquelle il préside (« L'évêque est dans l'Église et l'Église dans l'évêque », dit saint Cyprien). De cette insertion mutuelle saint <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Biographie d'AUGUSTIN saint (354-430). Aurelius Augustinus est né le 13 novembre 354, à Thagaste (aujourd'hui Souk-Ahras en Algérie) ; il est mort le 28 août 430 dans sa ville épiscopale d'Hippone, assiégée par les Vandales (aujourd'hui Annaba). C'est un Romain d' Afrique, qui a vécu, dans une constante fidélité à la civilisation romaine, l'effondrement de l'Empire d'Occident. Tell..." title="Article : AUGUSTIN saint (354-430)" href="/encyclopedie/augustin/">Augustin</a> donne une formulation différente mais frappante : « Chrétien avec vous, évêque pour vous. » Sans cette caractéristique, il n'y aurait pas d'évêque du tout, selon le droit ; ainsi le canon 6 du <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="La forme, la fréquence, la structure des conciles ont beaucoup varié au cours de l'histoire de l' Église . Rien d'étonnant à cela : l'Église n'a pas reçu de son fondateur une constitution complète, au sens où l'on parle de la constitution d'un État ; elle a reçu de lui les sacrements , la communauté des douze apôtres avec la primauté de l'un d'eux, le commandement de l'amour fr..." title="Article : CONCILE" href="/encyclopedie/concile/">concile</a> de Chalcédoine prévoit-il la nullité de toute ordination qui ne serait pas faite pour une Église déterminée. On peut, par là, comprendre l'un des fondements de la signification de l'idée de collégialité épiscopale, principale redécouverte du concile de Vatican II en ce qui concerne l'épiscopat, car tout évêque, par son ordination épiscopale, fait partie du collège des évêques. Ce collège est aussi titulaire du pouvoir suprême dans l'Église, uni hiérarchiquement au successeur de Pierre, l'évêque de <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="La Ville éternelle : depuis le i er siècle de notre ère, la ville sise au milieu de la péninsule italienne sur le Tibre à une trentaine de kilomètres de la mer tyrrhénienne bénéficie d'une image de puissance intemporelle. Ancien foyer de l'Empire romain, l'actuelle capitale de l'Italie et de la catholicité occupe une place symbolique importante en Europe, voire dans le monde, dont ..." title="Article : ROME" href="/encyclopedie/rome/">Rome</a>, et donc, selon l'adage « <em>cum Petro et sub Petro</em> ». Cela se manifeste d'une manière solennelle dans le concile œcuménique. L'évêque de Rome demeure le premier des évêques au sein du collège épiscopal. Ainsi, chaque Église locale est manifestation de l'Église entière en un lieu déterminé et son évêque est membre du collège des évêques uni au successeur de Pierre.</p><p>Les effets de cette redécouverte de l'insertion de l'évêque dans son Église locale commencent à se faire sentir en plusieurs directions. D'abord, l'épiscopat se situe désormais d'une façon plus exacte par rapport à la primauté papale, avant tout en se constituant en <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="L'un des buts du concile de Vatican II a été de compléter l' ecclésiologie du concile qui l'avait précédé, le premier concile du Vatican — caractérisée par la défense et l'illustration de la papauté —, voire de corriger la centralisation et l'uniformité excessives qui en résultèrent. Pour cela, ce concile a poursuivi la remise en valeur non seulement théologique (par la ..." title="Article : CONFÉRENCES ÉPISCOPALES" href="/encyclopedie/conferences-episcopales/">conférences épiscopales</a> nationales dotées de pouvoirs juridiques. Ensuite, un effort s'est poursuivi pour abolir l'anomalie que constitue la nomination des évêques par les pouvoirs civils. De plus, des vœux se sont exprimés, en de nombreuses régions, en vue d'associer les chrétiens au choix de leur évêque, conformément à la tradition (des consultations ont été organisées dans plusieurs diocèses français sur le « profil » du futur évêque). Enfin, l'ordination épiscopale de plusieurs fonctionnaires ecclésiastiques (prélats de la curie, nonces) est ressentie comme peu fondée et comme donnant aux Églises réformées une image discutable de la succession apostolique. Cependant, si plus d'un tiers des quelque trois mille évêques de l'Église catholique sont des évêques sans <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Le diocèse est le type de l' Église particulière, portion du peuple de Dieu confiée à un évêque , qui en est le pasteur propre assisté de son presbyterium. Appelé d'abord paroisse ( paroikia ), il prit le nom de diocèse (du grec dioikisis ) vers le v e - vi e siècle ; le terme est emprunté à l'organisation civile de l'Empire romain. En principe, le diocèse est géographique ;..." title="Article : DIOCÈSE" href="/encyclopedie/diocese/">diocèse</a>, leur ordination ne soulève pas d'objection théologique, parce que la plupart du temps ce sont des évêques auxiliaires ou coadjuteurs, au service d'une Église locale.</p><p>La figure sociologique de l'épiscopat a beaucoup varié au cours des siècles. 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<a href="/identification/" id="folio-login">Se connecter</a></p></div><div id="ad_mpuslot" class="pub-container text-center"><div class="pub-placeholder"></div></div><section class="mt-3 mb-5"><i class="anchor" id="T230699_AUTHORS"></i><p class="title-minor">Écrit par</p><ul class="list-group"><li class="list-group-item" data-dc-author="LEGRAND, Hervé"><a title="Auteur : Hervé LEGRAND" rel="author" href="/auteurs/herve-legrand/"><strong>Hervé LEGRAND</strong></a> : professeur honoraire à l'Institut catholique de Paris </li></ul></section><section class="mb-5"><div class="text-center mb-3 d-print-none"><a class="d-inline-flex flex-row justify-content-center align-items-center btn btn-light btn-large text-start" title="Carte mentale : ÉVÊQUE" href="/carte-mentale/eveque/"><i class="fa fa-sitemap fa-rotate-270 me-1 fs-1 text-universalis"></i><p class="m-0"><strong class="fs-4">Carte mentale</strong><br /> Élargissez votre recherche dans Universalis </p></a></div></section> <section class="mb-5 article-classification" data-print-label="la classification" data-print-target=".article-classification"> <i class="anchor" id="yT230699_ROOT_LINES"></i> <p class="title-minor">Classification</p> <nav aria-label="Classification 1"> <ol class="breadcrumb"> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a title="Classification : Religions" href="/classification/religions/"> Religions </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a title="Classification : Religions monothéistes" href="/classification/religions/religions-monotheistes/"> Religions monothéistes </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a title="Classification : Christianisme" href="/classification/religions/religions-monotheistes/christianisme/"> Christianisme </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a title="Classification : Christianisme d'Occident" href="/classification/religions/religions-monotheistes/christianisme/christianisme-d-occident/"> Christianisme d'Occident </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a title="Classification : Catholicisme" href="/classification/religions/religions-monotheistes/christianisme/christianisme-d-occident/catholicisme/"> Catholicisme </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item active" data-dc-subject="Institutions catholiques romaines"> <a title="Classification : Institutions catholiques romaines" href="/classification/religions/religions-monotheistes/christianisme/christianisme-d-occident/catholicisme/institutions-catholiques-romaines/"> Institutions catholiques romaines </a> </li> </ol> </nav> </section> <section class="mb-5 d-print-none learn-more"> <i class="anchor" id="yT230699_REFERENCES"></i> <p class="title-minor">Autres références</p> <ul class="list-group"> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/abbe/"> <span class="rg">ABBÉ</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author">Patrice SICARD</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">1 197 mots</li> </ul> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> <p> Le mot abbé vient vraisemblablement du syriaque <em>abba</em>, signifiant père, où il traduisait le respect porté à un dignitaire de la société civile ou religieuse. Du syriaque le mot passa, vers le <span class="pc">III</span><sup>e</sup> siècle, dans la langue du <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Le monachisme, fleur d'Orient et terreau d'Occident, appartient aux religions les plus diverses. Il prend des formes si variées, si différentes, parfois si incompatibles, qu'on doute à leur propos d'une identité d'inspiration.. Quoi de commun entre l'ermite, le reclus, qui se met en congé de société, et le postulant qui s'agrège à un groupe, obéit à une règle, a conscience de renaître..." title="Article : MONACHISME" href="/encyclopedie/monachisme/">monachisme</a> ancien de l'Orient chrétien.</p><p>On est alors...</p> </div> </li> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/antiquite-l-antiquite-tardive/#c31219"> <span class="rg">ANTIQUITÉ - </span><span class="rm">L'Antiquité tardive</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author">Noël DUVAL</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">4 263 mots</li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">3 médias </li> </ul> <div class="d-none d-md-inline-block float-start me-3"> <a class="protected" title="Article : ANTIQUIT&Eacute; - L'Antiquit&eacute; tardive" href="/encyclopedie/antiquite-l-antiquite-tardive/"> <img class="rounded shadow" loading="lazy" alt="Jeunes filles s'exerçant aux jeux, dites <it>Jeunes Filles en bikini</it> - crédits : Bridgeman Images " width="125" height="125" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/a/3/csm_ph99b051_c430819f4d.webp"/> </a> </div> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> ...attendre le <span class="pc">v</span><sup>e</sup> siècle pour trouver les prémices du maillage médiéval) et ils sont très inégalement répartis suivant les régions : en Gaule on a un <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Le Nouveau Testament mentionne un ministère d'épiscope à quatre reprises (Philippiens, I, 1 ; Actes, xx , 28 ; I Timothée, iii , 2 ; Tite, i , 7). L'analyse du terme ne permet pas de lui attribuer à ce moment le contenu qu'il acquiert par la suite, dès l'an 120, avec Ignace d'Antioche par exemple, chez qui l'évêque (du grec épiskopos , « surveillant » ou « inspecteur ») app..." title="Article : ÉVÊQUE" href="/encyclopedie/eveque/">évêque</a> par <em>civitas</em> – entre un département et une région actuels –, en Afrique, un par bourgade, parfois même pour une grande exploitation, c'est-à-dire,... </div> </li> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/archeveque/"> <span class="rg">ARCHEVÊQUE</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author">Jacques PONS</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">348 mots</li> </ul> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> <p> Titre fréquemment donné dans les Églises chrétiennes à un <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Le Nouveau Testament mentionne un ministère d'épiscope à quatre reprises (Philippiens, I, 1 ; Actes, xx , 28 ; I Timothée, iii , 2 ; Tite, i , 7). L'analyse du terme ne permet pas de lui attribuer à ce moment le contenu qu'il acquiert par la suite, dès l'an 120, avec Ignace d'Antioche par exemple, chez qui l'évêque (du grec épiskopos , « surveillant » ou « inspecteur ») app..." title="Article : ÉVÊQUE" href="/encyclopedie/eveque/">évêque</a> ayant sur les autres évêques d'une province une certaine juridiction, qu'il exerce en plus de son pouvoir diocésain, mais qui n'implique pas une supériorité d'ordre. L'archevêque est l'héritier des anciens évêques métropolitains,...</p> </div> </li> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/augustin/#c31219"> <span class="rg">AUGUSTIN </span><span class="rm">saint (354-430)</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author">Michel MESLIN</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">8 971 mots</li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">2 médias </li> </ul> <div class="d-none d-md-inline-block float-start me-3"> <a class="protected" title="Article : AUGUSTIN saint (354-430)" href="/encyclopedie/augustin/"> <img class="rounded shadow" loading="lazy" alt="<it>Saint Augustin</it>, Greco - crédits : AKG-images" width="125" height="125" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/1/d/csm_pa084031_f9a49b9d6d.webp"/> </a> </div> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> ...d'Hippone qui l'élirent pour aider leur évêque Valère, déjà âgé et qui, Grec d'origine, parlait assez mal le latin. Cinq ans plus tard, Augustin était nommé évêque coadjuteur avec promesse de succession ; en 395-396, il devenait le chef de l'Église d'Hippone et allait le rester jusqu'à sa mort. 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