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</span> <span class="badge bg-light text-dark rounded-pill mx-1 fw-normal text-sm"> 3 médias </span> </a> </div> </section> <section class="mb-5"> <i id="classification-articles" class="anchor"></i> <h2 class="minor"> Articles </h2> <ul class="list-group"> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/abbaye/"> <span class="rg">ABBAYE</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author">Pierre-Roger GAUSSIN</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">4 564 mots</li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">3 médias </li> </ul> <div class="d-none d-md-inline-block float-start me-3"> <a class="protected" title="Article : ABBAYE" href="/encyclopedie/abbaye/"> <img class="rounded shadow" loading="lazy" alt="Montserrat - crédits : Linny Cunningham/ The Image Bank/ Getty Images" width="125" height="125" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/b/0/csm_ph996966_24c67d1acd.webp"/> </a> </div> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> <p> L'abbaye est un monastère gouverné par un <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Le mot abbé vient vraisemblablement du syriaque abba , signifiant père, où il traduisait le respect porté à un dignitaire de la société civile ou religieuse. Du syriaque le mot passa, vers le III e siècle, dans la langue du monachisme ancien de l'Orient chrétien.. On est alors en présence de deux types d'abbés. Il y a d'abord ces ermites, retirés dans les déserts égyptiens, à q..." title="Article : ABBÉ" href="/encyclopedie/abbe/">abbé</a> (lat. <em>abbas</em>, du syriaque <em>abba</em> = père), peuplé de moines ou de <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Dès les premiers siècles de l' Église , certains évêques, soucieux de mener avec leur clergé une vie de renoncement et de perfection évangéliques, groupèrent autour d'eux les clercs attachés au service de leur église. Dans la pauvreté volontaire, ils célébraient la liturgie et s'adonnaient au ministère pastoral. Ainsi saint Augustin (mort en 431), devenu évêque d'Hipp..." title="Article : CHANOINES RÉGULIERS" href="/encyclopedie/chanoines-reguliers/">chanoines réguliers</a>. (Les abbayes de moniales sont gouvernées par une abbesse.) Parmi les premiers, les trois familles essentielles sont actuellement celles des <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Sous le nom générique de Bénédictins (O.S.B., Ordo Sancti Benedicti, ordre de saint Benoît), on désigne les moines cénobites chrétiens, membres des nombreuses familles religieuses qui, au cours des siècles, ont pris pour loi fondamentale la règle de saint Benoît, composée au vi e siècle.. En 2005, on dénombrait dans le monde environ 8 000 moines bénédictins répartis dans..." title="Article : BÉNÉDICTINS" href="/encyclopedie/benedictins/">bénédictins...</a></p> </div> </li> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/abbe/"> <span class="rg">ABBÉ</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author">Patrice SICARD</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">1 197 mots</li> </ul> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> <p> Le mot abbé vient vraisemblablement du syriaque <em>abba</em>, signifiant père, où il traduisait le respect porté à un dignitaire de la société civile ou religieuse. Du syriaque le mot passa, vers le <span class="pc">III</span><sup>e</sup> siècle, dans la langue du <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Le monachisme, fleur d'Orient et terreau d'Occident, appartient aux religions les plus diverses. Il prend des formes si variées, si différentes, parfois si incompatibles, qu'on doute à leur propos d'une identité d'inspiration.. Quoi de commun entre l'ermite, le reclus, qui se met en congé de société, et le postulant qui s'agrège à un groupe, obéit à une règle, a conscience de renaître..." title="Article : MONACHISME" href="/encyclopedie/monachisme/">monachisme</a> ancien de l'Orient chrétien.</p><p>On est alors...</p> </div> </li> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/annee-sainte/"> <span class="rg">ANNÉE SAINTE</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author">Régis HANRION</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">653 mots</li> </ul> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> <p> D'après le Lévitique, <span class="pc">xxv</span>, 8-55, l'année sainte est envisagée comme une tentative de redressement social, où l'esclave retrouvait sa liberté et l'homme endetté son patrimoine : « Tu compteras 7 semaines d'années, c'est-à-dire le temps de 7 semaines d'années, 49 ans ; le 7...</p> </div> </li> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/cathedrale/"> <span class="rg">CATHÉDRALE</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author">Anne PRACHE</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">913 mots</li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">1 média </li> </ul> <div class="d-none d-md-inline-block float-start me-3"> <a class="protected" title="Article : CATH&Eacute;DRALE" href="/encyclopedie/cathedrale/"> <img class="rounded shadow" loading="lazy" alt="La cathédrale de Brasília - crédits : Ary Diesendruck/ The Image Bank/ Getty Images" width="125" height="125" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/9/a/csm_ph996980_edf15be1a0.webp"/> </a> </div> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> <p> Édifice religieux chrétien, la cathédrale est, ou a été, l'<a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Alors que le même terme désigne, à la majuscule près, les édifices destinés au culte du Christ et la communauté de ses disciples, on observe que l'histoire et les réformes de l'Église à travers les siècles concernent à la fois sa liturgie et son architecture. L'histoire de l'architecture chrétienne s'étend sur plus de seize siècles et a concerné une grande partie du globe, au f..." title="Article : ÉGLISE, architecture" href="/encyclopedie/eglise-architecture/">église</a> de l'<a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Le Nouveau Testament mentionne un ministère d'épiscope à quatre reprises (Philippiens, I, 1 ; Actes, xx , 28 ; I Timothée, iii , 2 ; Tite, i , 7). L'analyse du terme ne permet pas de lui attribuer à ce moment le contenu qu'il acquiert par la suite, dès l'an 120, avec Ignace d'Antioche par exemple, chez qui l'évêque (du grec épiskopos , « surveillant » ou « inspecteur ») app..." title="Article : ÉVÊQUE" href="/encyclopedie/eveque/">évêque</a> d'un <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Le diocèse est le type de l' Église particulière, portion du peuple de Dieu confiée à un évêque , qui en est le pasteur propre assisté de son presbyterium. Appelé d'abord paroisse ( paroikia ), il prit le nom de diocèse (du grec dioikisis ) vers le v e - vi e siècle ; le terme est emprunté à l'organisation civile de l'Empire romain. En principe, le diocèse est géographique ;..." title="Article : DIOCÈSE" href="/encyclopedie/diocese/">diocèse</a>. L'évêque y a son siège réservé, <em>cathedra</em> en latin, origine du mot cathédrale. Depuis le concile de Nicée en 325, le principe de l'établissement de l'évêque dans une ville,...</p> </div> </li> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/catholicisme-l-organisation-et-la-vie-de-l-eglise/"> <span class="rg">CATHOLICISME - </span><span class="rm">L'organisation et la vie de l'Église</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author">René COSTE</span> , <span rel="author"> Encyclopædia Universalis</span> et <span rel="author">Pierre LIÉGÉ</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">9 197 mots</li> </ul> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> <p>Pour comprendre les institutions actuelles de l'Église catholique, il faut partir du fait historique qui explique son origine : la conviction d'un petit groupe d'hommes et de femmes, dans les années 30 à 40 du premier siècle, que Jésus de Nazareth, récemment crucifié sur ordre de Ponce Pilate, procurateur...</p> </div> </li> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/chapitre-ecclesiologie/"> <span class="rg">CHAPITRE, </span><em class="it">ecclésiologie</em> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author">Hervé LEGRAND</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">454 mots</li> </ul> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> <p> Dans le langage ecclésiastique, le mot « chapitre » désigne deux institutions hétérogènes, le chapitre cathédral et le chapitre des instituts religieux.</p><p>Le chapitre cathédral, composé de chanoines titulaires, représente un collège qui, outre ses fonctions liturgiques, jouait un rôle important...</p> </div> </li> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/clerc-et-clericature/"> <span class="rg">CLERC & CLÉRICATURE</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author">Jean PASSICOS</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">657 mots</li> </ul> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> <p> Dès le <span class="pc">iv</span><sup>e</sup> siècle, à l'époque constantinienne, les clercs sont apparus comme les fonctionnaires de l'<a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Alors que le même terme désigne, à la majuscule près, les édifices destinés au culte du Christ et la communauté de ses disciples, on observe que l'histoire et les réformes de l'Église à travers les siècles concernent à la fois sa liturgie et son architecture. L'histoire de l'architecture chrétienne s'étend sur plus de seize siècles et a concerné une grande partie du globe, au f..." title="Article : ÉGLISE, architecture" href="/encyclopedie/eglise-architecture/">Église</a>. Ils ont été nombreux au Moyen Âge : tout étudiant, alors, était clerc ; ainsi le mot (du grec <em>clêros</em>, sort, héritage) devint synonyme de « savant », « celui qui...</p> </div> </li> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/curie-romaine/"> <span class="rg">CURIE ROMAINE</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author">Jean PASSICOS</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">1 084 mots</li> </ul> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> <p> Née du rôle que l'<a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Le Nouveau Testament mentionne un ministère d'épiscope à quatre reprises (Philippiens, I, 1 ; Actes, xx , 28 ; I Timothée, iii , 2 ; Tite, i , 7). L'analyse du terme ne permet pas de lui attribuer à ce moment le contenu qu'il acquiert par la suite, dès l'an 120, avec Ignace d'Antioche par exemple, chez qui l'évêque (du grec épiskopos , « surveillant » ou « inspecteur ») app..." title="Article : ÉVÊQUE" href="/encyclopedie/eveque/">évêque</a> de <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="La Ville éternelle : depuis le i er siècle de notre ère, la ville sise au milieu de la péninsule italienne sur le Tibre à une trentaine de kilomètres de la mer tyrrhénienne bénéficie d'une image de puissance intemporelle. Ancien foyer de l'Empire romain, l'actuelle capitale de l'Italie et de la catholicité occupe une place symbolique importante en Europe, voire dans le monde, dont ..." title="Article : ROME" href="/encyclopedie/rome/">Rome</a> a été amené à assumer dans l'ensemble des Églises, la curie s'est développée en même temps que ce rôle et a d'ailleurs contribué à l'augmenter encore. Le terme vient du latin <em>curia</em> (cour), qui désignait le lieu où les sénateurs...</p> </div> </li> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/diacre/"> <span class="rg">DIACRE</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author">Hervé LEGRAND</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">794 mots</li> </ul> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> <p> Depuis le début de l'<a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Alors que le même terme désigne, à la majuscule près, les édifices destinés au culte du Christ et la communauté de ses disciples, on observe que l'histoire et les réformes de l'Église à travers les siècles concernent à la fois sa liturgie et son architecture. L'histoire de l'architecture chrétienne s'étend sur plus de seize siècles et a concerné une grande partie du globe, au f..." title="Article : ÉGLISE, architecture" href="/encyclopedie/eglise-architecture/">Église</a>, le diaconat est, avec l'épiscopat et le presbytérat, l'un des trois ministères conférés par ordination sacramentelle. Il est difficile de lui assigner un texte de fondation dans l'Écriture. On ne voit pas que Luc ait interprété en ce sens l'institution des «...</p> </div> </li> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/dictatus-papae/"> <span class="rg">DICTATUS PAPAE</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author">Jean-Urbain COMBY</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">214 mots</li> </ul> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> <p> En 1074, le pape Grégoire VII condamne la simonie (trafic des choses saintes et des fonctions ecclésiastiques) et le nicolaïsme (mariage ou concubinage des prêtres). Comme ces réformes sont mal acceptées, le pape pense que le mal vient de l'investiture laïque – la désignation des évêques par les...</p> </div> </li> </ul> <div class="row"> <div class="col mt-3"> <ul class="d-print-none pagination justify-content-center"> <li class="page-item active"> <span class="page-link">1</span> </li> <li class="page-item"> <a class="page-link" href="/classification/religions/religions-monotheistes/christianisme/christianisme-d-occident/catholicisme/institutions-catholiques-romaines/2/"> 2 </a> </li> <li class="page-item"> <a class="page-link" href="/classification/religions/religions-monotheistes/christianisme/christianisme-d-occident/catholicisme/institutions-catholiques-romaines/3/"> 3 </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </section> </section> </div> <div class="col-lg-4 col-xl-3 px-0 d-none d-lg-block side-bar position-relative"> <div id="ad_rightslot" class="pub-container text-center"> <div class="pub-placeholder"></div> </div> <div id="ad_rightslot2" class="pub-container text-center"> <div class="pub-placeholder"></div> </div> <a class="wrapper cta" href="/abonnement" title="Abonnez-vous à Universalis pour 1 euro" data-matomo-category="CTA" data-matomo-name="Clic" data-matomo-value="Col right"> <img src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/b/6/csm_abo-3_f303c484f7.webp" class="full-height" loading="lazy" width="290" height="476" alt="Abonnez-vous à Universalis pour 1 euro"> </a> <div id="newsletter_subscription" class="wrapper p-3"> <p class="fs-3 fw-bold text-center text-light mb-1">Rejoignez-nous</p> <p class="text-center"> Inscrivez-vous à notre <strong>newsletter</strong></p> <div class="input-group mb-3"> <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="votre email"> <div class="input-group-append"> <button id="newsletter_subscription_button" class="btn btn-primary text-uppercase" type="button"> <strong>S'inscrire</strong></button> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </main> <div id="bandeau-footer"> <div class="container"> <p><a href="/abonnement" title="Abonnez-vous à Universalis pour 1 euro">Accédez à l'intégralité d'Universalis.fr <strong>sans publicité</strong></a></p> </div> </div> <footer class="container footer text-center d-print-none"> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-2"> <li class="list-inline-item"> <a href="http://www.encyclopaedia-universalis.fr/" title="Encyclopædia Universalis" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Encyclopædia Universalis </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item"> <a href="https://www.encyclopaedia-universalis.fr/nous-contacter/infos/" title="Contactez-nous" rel="noopener nofollow" target="_blank">Contact</a></li> <li class="list-inline-item"> <a title="Mentions légales" rel="nofollow" href="/mentions-legales/">Mentions légales et politique de confidentialité</a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item"> <a href="https://abonnement.universalis.fr/typo3conf/ext/mailer/Resources/Public/Pdf/cgv.pdf" rel="noopener nofollow" target="_blank" title="Conditions générales de vente">CGV</a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item d-none d-md-inline-block"> <a href="javascript:" id="rgpd" rel="nofollow" title="Consentement RGPD">RGPD</a> </li> </ul> <p class="mb-2">Consulter le <a title="Dictionnaire de l'Encyclopædia Universalis" href="/dictionnaire/"> dictionnaire de l'Encyclopædia Universalis </a> </p> <p class="mb-3">© 2024 Encyclopædia Universalis France. 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