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data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 6" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">6</a></li></ul><div class="content whole type-article" ><div class="block_1" data-ucode="yT230614_0"><i class="anchor" id="yT230614_0"></i><p> L'un des buts du <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="La forme, la fréquence, la structure des conciles ont beaucoup varié au cours de l'histoire de l' Église . Rien d'étonnant à cela : l'Église n'a pas reçu de son fondateur une constitution complète, au sens où l'on parle de la constitution d'un État ; elle a reçu de lui les sacrements , la communauté des douze apôtres avec la primauté de l'un d'eux, le commandement de l'amour fr..." title="Article : CONCILE" href="/encyclopedie/concile/">concile</a> de Vatican II a été de compléter l'<a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Il ne peut y avoir et il n'y a, pour le croyant et pour le théologien chrétien, qu'une seule Église de Jésus-Christ, à la fois visible et spirituelle, humaine et surnaturelle, qui est un article de foi du symbole des Apôtres . Cependant, on rencontre, non seulement dans le langage courant, mais encore dans celui des hommes de loi et même dans celui des théologiens, une application as..." title="Article : ECCLÉSIOLOGIE" href="/encyclopedie/ecclesiologie/">ecclésiologie</a> du concile qui l'avait précédé, le <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Le pape Pie IX convoque le concile du Vatican qui réunit sept cents évêques le 8 décembre 1869 dans la perspective de « trouver les remèdes contre les si nombreux maux qui oppressent l'Église » – mais tous pensent que le sujet essentiel sera la définition de l' infaillibilité pontificale . La constitution Dei Filius (24 avril 1870) définit, face aux erreurs du rationalisme, d..." title="Article : PREMIER CONCILE DU VATICAN" href="/encyclopedie/premier-concile-du-vatican/">premier concile du Vatican</a> — caractérisée par la défense et l'illustration de la papauté —, voire de corriger la centralisation et l'uniformité excessives qui en résultèrent. Pour cela, ce concile a poursuivi la remise en valeur non seulement théologique (par la redécouverte de la collégialité), mais aussi canonique de l'épiscopat, renouveau dont le principal instrument fut le développement des conférences épiscopales. En dotant de pouvoirs juridiques ces assemblées jusqu'alors purement consultatives et en les étendant à toutes les nations, le concile obtenait une décentralisation de l'autorité dans l'<a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Alors que le même terme désigne, à la majuscule près, les édifices destinés au culte du Christ et la communauté de ses disciples, on observe que l'histoire et les réformes de l'Église à travers les siècles concernent à la fois sa liturgie et son architecture. L'histoire de l'architecture chrétienne s'étend sur plus de seize siècles et a concerné une grande partie du globe, au f..." title="Article : ÉGLISE, architecture" href="/encyclopedie/eglise-architecture/">Église</a> catholique et assurait en même temps aux Églises particulières la possibilité d'avoir une pastorale qui tienne mieux compte des conditions locales.</p><p>Les conférences épiscopales nationales ont désormais une large compétence en ce qui concerne les questions pastorales (activités apostoliques, liturgie, catéchèse, formation des futurs prêtres, œcuménisme), même si leur pouvoir législatif s'exerce selon des conditions assez strictes. Il leur appartient aussi d'élire des délégués aux synodes épiscopaux réunis autour du pape, de proposer au Saint-Siège des listes de prêtres estimés aptes à l'épiscopat.</p><p>Les conférences n'ont pas de statuts uniformes : la loi-cadre qui les régit prévoit néanmoins que devraient prendre part à leurs activités tous les ordinaires de lieux (à l'exception des vicaires généraux), les coadjuteurs, les auxiliaires et les autres évêques qui exercent une fonction nationale (par exemple, le <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="D'usage fréquent dans le langage juridique de l' Église catholique, le terme de vicaire (du latin vicarius , mot résumant l'expression qui vices gerit , « celui qui tient la place d'un autre ») désigne actuellement des fonctions très diverses.. Le vicaire apostolique est un prélat relevant directement du Saint-Siège, généralement évêque , préposé à un territoire de mission ..." title="Article : VICAIRE" href="/encyclopedie/vicaire/">vicaire</a> aux armées) ; le nonce apostolique n'en est pas membre de droit. Cependant, seuls les ordinaires de lieux et les coadjuteurs ont toujours voix délibérative : il appartient aux statuts de chaque conférence d'accorder voix délibérative ou consultative aux autres membres. Certaines conférences débordent le cadre national, ainsi la Conférence d'Afrique du Nord réunit-elle les évêques du Maroc, d'Algérie, de Tunisie et de Libye. Enfin, des contacts entre les différentes conférences nationales sont souhaités et ont effectivement lieu.</p><p>Le trait le plus neuf des conférences épiscopales est de permettre à l'épiscopat d'une nation de se rassembler librement, alors que les préventions conjuguées des autorités civiles et de la <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Le mot papatus dérive du titre de papa (titre d'honneur signifiant père), donné jusqu'au vii e siècle à tous les évêques, mais plus spécialement à celui de Rome . Papatus apparaît dans le dernier tiers du xi e siècle, en même temps que l'emploi de curia pour désigner l'administration centrale et romaine de l' Église catholique. Ce simple fait révèle une historicité de ..." title="Article : PAPAUTÉ" href="/encyclopedie/papaute/">papauté</a> y firent longtemps obstacle. Ainsi, la première réunion (qui ne fut pas convoquée par les pouvoirs publics) de l'épiscopat français date de 1906, c'est-à-dire de la séparation des Églises et de l'État. Dès 1908, Pie X refusa qu'une telle réunion se renouvelât. Lorsqu'en 1919 l'Assemblée des cardinaux et archevêques vit le jour, à cause de l'impossibilité pour chaque <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Le Nouveau Testament mentionne un ministère d'épiscope à quatre reprises (Philippiens, I, 1 ; Actes, xx , 28 ; I Timothée, iii , 2 ; Tite, i , 7). L'analyse du terme ne permet pas de lui attribuer à ce moment le contenu qu'il acquiert par la suite, dès l'an 120, avec Ignace d'Antioche par exemple, chez qui l'évêque (du grec épiskopos , « surveillant » ou « inspecteur ») app..." title="Article : ÉVÊQUE" href="/encyclopedie/eveque/">évêque</a> isolé de faire face à l'ensemble des problèmes, non seulement elle fut privée de toute autorité juridique, mais encore son article 14 déclarait : « En dehors de l'ordre du jour arrêté d'avance et approuvé par le Saint-Siège, aucune question nouvelle ne peut être, sans l'autorisation du Saint-Siège, proposée à l'examen de l'Assemblée et faire l'objet de ses délibérations. » L'article 15 stipulait : « Les procès-verbaux de l'assemblée sont communiqués au Saint-Siège afin que, si besoin est, le Saint-Siège puisse intervenir avec son autorité. » Tel fut le droit pour la France jusqu'en 1966. En Italie, la première réunion nationale de l'épiscopat eut seulement lieu en 1962.</p><p>Les actuelles conférences épiscopales représentent donc une réelle nouveauté institutionnelle. D'ores et déjà, elles permettent la renaissance, à l'intérieur de l'Église catholique, d'une vie synodale qui peut<a href="javascript:" title="Lire la suite" class="read-more ms-1">[...]</a></p></div><div class="clearfix"></div></div><ul class="pagination justify-content-center public-links "><li class="page-item active"><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 1" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">1</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 2" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">2</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 3" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">3</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 4" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">4</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 5" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">5</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 6" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">6</a></li></ul><div class="folio-block"><p class="folio-block-title text-center text-uc"><strong>La suite de cet article est accessible aux abonnés</strong></p><ul class="list-unstyled"><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-check-circle"></i> Des contenus variés, complets et fiables</li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-check-circle"></i> Accessible sur tous les écrans</li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-check-circle"></i> Pas de publicité</li></ul><p class="text-center"><a href="/abonnement/" class="btn btn-cta text-uc" id="folio-button" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="Block bottom">Découvrez nos offres </a></p><p class="text-center text-sm"> Déjà abonné ? <a href="/identification/" id="folio-login">Se connecter</a></p></div><div id="ad_mpuslot" class="pub-container text-center"><div class="pub-placeholder"></div></div><section class="mt-3 mb-5"><i class="anchor" id="T230614_AUTHORS"></i><p class="title-minor">Écrit par</p><ul class="list-group"><li class="list-group-item" data-dc-author="LEGRAND, Hervé"><a title="Auteur : Hervé LEGRAND" rel="author" href="/auteurs/herve-legrand/"><strong>Hervé LEGRAND</strong></a> : professeur honoraire à l'Institut catholique de Paris </li></ul></section><section class="mb-5"><div class="text-center mb-3 d-print-none"><a class="d-inline-flex flex-row justify-content-center align-items-center btn btn-light btn-large text-start" title="Carte mentale : ÉPISCOPALES CONFÉRENCES" href="/carte-mentale/conferences-episcopales/"><i class="fa fa-sitemap fa-rotate-270 me-1 fs-1 text-universalis"></i><p class="m-0"><strong class="fs-4">Carte mentale</strong><br /> Élargissez votre recherche dans Universalis </p></a></div></section> <section class="mb-5 article-classification" data-print-label="la classification" data-print-target=".article-classification"> <i class="anchor" id="yT230614_ROOT_LINES"></i> <p class="title-minor">Classification</p> <nav aria-label="Classification 1"> <ol class="breadcrumb"> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a title="Classification : Religions" href="/classification/religions/"> Religions </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a title="Classification : Religions monothéistes" href="/classification/religions/religions-monotheistes/"> Religions monothéistes </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a title="Classification : Christianisme" href="/classification/religions/religions-monotheistes/christianisme/"> Christianisme </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a title="Classification : Christianisme d'Occident" href="/classification/religions/religions-monotheistes/christianisme/christianisme-d-occident/"> Christianisme d'Occident </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a title="Classification : Catholicisme" href="/classification/religions/religions-monotheistes/christianisme/christianisme-d-occident/catholicisme/"> Catholicisme </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item active" data-dc-subject="Institutions catholiques romaines"> <a title="Classification : Institutions catholiques romaines" href="/classification/religions/religions-monotheistes/christianisme/christianisme-d-occident/catholicisme/institutions-catholiques-romaines/"> Institutions catholiques romaines </a> </li> </ol> </nav> </section> <section class="mb-5 d-print-none learn-more"> <i class="anchor" id="yT230614_REFERENCES"></i> <p class="title-minor">Autres références</p> <ul class="list-group"> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/droit-canonique/#c3662"> <span class="rg">CANONIQUE </span><span class="pc">DROIT</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author">Patrick VALDRINI</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">8 005 mots</li> </ul> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> ...(Églises particulières du territoire d'une conférence d'évêques). Elle est, pour une autre part, récente avec le droit nouveau concernant les <em>conférences </em><em>épiscopales</em>, issues de la pratique des évêques dès le début du <span class="pc">xx</span><sup>e</sup> siècle de se réunir pour traiter ensemble des problèmes pastoraux d'un pays. Par... </div> </li> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/catholicisme-histoire-de-l-eglise-catholique-des-origines-au-pontificat-de-jean-paul-ii/#c3662"> <span class="rg">CATHOLICISME - </span><span class="rm">Histoire de l'Église catholique des origines au pontificat de Jean-Paul II</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author">Jean DANIÉLOU</span> et <span rel="author">André DUVAL</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">16 446 mots</li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">10 médias </li> </ul> <div class="d-none d-md-inline-block float-start me-3"> <a class="protected" title="Article : CATHOLICISME - Histoire de l'&Eacute;glise catholique des origines au pontificat de Jean-Paul II" href="/encyclopedie/catholicisme-histoire-de-l-eglise-catholique-des-origines-au-pontificat-de-jean-paul-ii/"> <img class="rounded shadow" loading="lazy" alt="Intronisation de Jean-Paul II - crédits : Keystone/ Getty Images" width="125" height="125" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/6/0/csm_ph996820_32121eacd3.webp"/> </a> </div> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> ...évêques dans le gouvernement de l'Église – a réellement pris corps dans les différents pays par la mise en place et par l'action effective des conférences épiscopales, sa réalité, du point de vue de l'Église universelle, demeure très limitée, en dépit de l'initiative de Paul VI qui convoqua en 1967 un ... </div> </li> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/catholicisme-l-organisation-et-la-vie-de-l-eglise/#c3662"> <span class="rg">CATHOLICISME - </span><span class="rm">L'organisation et la vie de l'Église</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author">René COSTE</span> , <span rel="author"> Encyclopædia Universalis</span> et <span rel="author">Pierre LIÉGÉ</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">9 197 mots</li> </ul> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> ...de gouvernement doit être chaque fois l'assemblée épiscopale correspondante. Le II<sup>e</sup> concile du Vatican prévoit même la possibilité de conférences épiscopales internationales, groupant les évêques de plusieurs États. Comme on peut facilement le comprendre, il attache surtout de l'importance aux conférences... </div> </li> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/concile/#c3662"> <span class="rg">CONCILE</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author">Bernard DUPUY</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">5 671 mots</li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">2 médias </li> </ul> <div class="d-none d-md-inline-block float-start me-3"> <a class="protected" title="Article : CONCILE" href="/encyclopedie/concile/"> <img class="rounded shadow" loading="lazy" alt="Concile de Trente - crédits : Erich Lessing/ AKG-images" width="125" height="125" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/c/4/csm_ph020162_91066a854c.webp"/> </a> </div> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> ...Pour mener à bien cette tâche, elle tend à donner à son activité conciliaire contemporaine un statut moins centralisé, mondial, par le développement des <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="L'un des buts du concile de Vatican II a été de compléter l' ecclésiologie du concile qui l'avait précédé, le premier concile du Vatican — caractérisée par la défense et l'illustration de la papauté —, voire de corriger la centralisation et l'uniformité excessives qui en résultèrent. Pour cela, ce concile a poursuivi la remise en valeur non seulement théologique (par la ..." title="Article : CONFÉRENCES ÉPISCOPALES" href="/encyclopedie/conferences-episcopales/">conférences épiscopales</a>, qui ne sont pas des conciles, mais établissent un lien entre le concile et la vie de l'Église dans les diverses contrées du... </div> </li> <li class="list-unstyled text-center mt-3"> <a class="btn btn-sm btn-primary" title="Afficher la liste complète des références" rel="related" href="/index/conferences-episcopales/"> Afficher les 7 références <i aria-hidden="true" class="fa fa-fw fa-chevron-right"></i> </a> </li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="col-lg-4 col-xl-3 px-0 d-none d-lg-block side-bar position-relative"> <div id="ad_rightslot" class="pub-container text-center"> <div class="pub-placeholder"></div> </div> <div id="ad_rightslot2" class="pub-container text-center"> <div class="pub-placeholder"></div> </div> <a class="wrapper cta" href="/abonnement" title="Abonnez-vous à Universalis pour 1 euro" data-matomo-category="CTA" data-matomo-name="Clic" data-matomo-value="Col right"> <img src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/b/6/csm_abo-3_f303c484f7.webp" class="full-height" loading="lazy" width="290" height="476" alt="Abonnez-vous à Universalis pour 1 euro"> </a> <div id="newsletter_subscription" class="wrapper p-3"> <p class="fs-3 fw-bold text-center text-light mb-1">Rejoignez-nous</p> <p class="text-center"> Inscrivez-vous à notre <strong>newsletter</strong></p> <div class="input-group mb-3"> <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="votre email"> <div class="input-group-append"> <button id="newsletter_subscription_button" class="btn btn-primary text-uppercase" type="button"> <strong>S'inscrire</strong></button> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </main> <div id="bandeau-footer"> <div class="container"> <p><a href="/abonnement" title="Abonnez-vous à Universalis pour 1 euro">Accédez à l'intégralité d'Universalis.fr <strong>sans publicité</strong></a></p> </div> </div> <footer class="container footer text-center d-print-none"> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-2"> <li class="list-inline-item"> <a href="http://www.encyclopaedia-universalis.fr/" title="Encyclopædia Universalis" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Encyclopædia Universalis </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item"> <a href="https://www.encyclopaedia-universalis.fr/nous-contacter/infos/" title="Contactez-nous" rel="noopener nofollow" target="_blank">Contact</a></li> <li class="list-inline-item"> <a title="Mentions légales" rel="nofollow" href="/mentions-legales/">Mentions légales et politique de confidentialité</a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item"> <a href="https://abonnement.universalis.fr/typo3conf/ext/mailer/Resources/Public/Pdf/cgv.pdf" rel="noopener nofollow" target="_blank" title="Conditions générales de vente">CGV</a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item d-none d-md-inline-block"> <a href="javascript:" id="rgpd" rel="nofollow" title="Consentement RGPD">RGPD</a> </li> </ul> <p class="mb-2">Consulter le <a title="Dictionnaire de l'Encyclopædia Universalis" href="/dictionnaire/"> dictionnaire de l'Encyclopædia Universalis </a> </p> <p class="mb-3">© 2024 Encyclopædia Universalis France. 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