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class="social-profile-avatar-container"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="Alain Fouad George" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png') this.src = '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png';" width="200" height="200" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/1106704/841214/1045208/s200_alain.george.jpg" /></div><div class="title-container"><h1 class="ds2-5-heading-sans-serif-sm">Alain Fouad George</h1><div class="affiliations-container fake-truncate js-profile-affiliations"><div><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://qma.academia.edu/">Qatar Museums Authority</a>, <a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://qma.academia.edu/Departments/Lusail_Institute/Documents">Lusail Institute</a>, <span class="u-tcGrayDarker">Director</span></div><div><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://oxford.academia.edu/">University of Oxford</a>, <a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://oxford.academia.edu/Departments/Khalili_Research_Centre_Faculty_of_Asian_and_Middle_Eastern_Studies/Documents">Khalili Research Centre, Faculty of Asian and Middle Eastern Studies</a>, <span class="u-tcGrayDarker">Professor</span></div></div></div></div><div class="sidebar-cta-container"><button class="ds2-5-button hidden profile-cta-button grow js-profile-follow-button" data-broccoli-component="user-info.follow-button" data-click-track="profile-user-info-follow-button" data-follow-user-fname="Alain Fouad" data-follow-user-id="1106704" data-follow-user-source="profile_button" data-has-google="false"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">add</span>Follow</button><button class="ds2-5-button hidden profile-cta-button grow js-profile-unfollow-button" data-broccoli-component="user-info.unfollow-button" data-click-track="profile-user-info-unfollow-button" data-unfollow-user-id="1106704"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" 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data-toggle="tab" href="#papers" role="tab" title="Papers"><span>13</span> <span class="ds2-5-body-sm-bold">Papers</span></a></li><li class="nav-chip" role="presentation"><a class="js-profile-docs-nav-section u-textTruncate" data-click-track="profile-works-tab" data-section-name="Books" data-toggle="tab" href="#books" role="tab" title="Books"><span>4</span> <span class="ds2-5-body-sm-bold">Books</span></a></li></ul></div><div class="divider ds-divider-16" style="margin: 0px;"></div><div class="documents-container backbone-social-profile-documents" style="width: 100%;"><div class="u-taCenter"></div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane active" id="all"><div class="profile--tab_heading_container js-section-heading" data-section="Papers" id="Papers"><h3 class="profile--tab_heading_container">Papers by Alain Fouad George</h3></div><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="102015968"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/102015968/A_Builder_of_Mosques_The_Projects_of_al_Walid_I_from_Sanaa_to_Homs"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of A Builder of Mosques: The Projects of al-Walid I, from Sanaa to Homs" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/105165110/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/102015968/A_Builder_of_Mosques_The_Projects_of_al_Walid_I_from_Sanaa_to_Homs">A Builder of Mosques: The Projects of al-Walid I, from Sanaa to Homs</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Fruit of Knowledge, Wheel of Learning: Essays in Honour of Robert Hillenbrand</span><span>, 2022</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="ae10a310f71c4cade162e5929b21772f" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":105165110,"asset_id":102015968,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/105165110/download_file?st=MTczMzAxMTU4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="102015968"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" 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On a Paradox of Umayyad Art" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/56871722/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/36921620/Paradise_or_Empire_On_a_Paradox_of_Umayyad_Art">Paradise or Empire? On a Paradox of Umayyad Art</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Power, Patronage and Memory in Early Islam: Perspectives on Umayyad Elites</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Islamic art on a grand scale, and it has continued to exert its fascination upon generation after...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Islamic art on a grand scale, and it has continued to exert its fascination upon generation after generation of visitors ever since. To the modern student, it is also a field riddled with elusive meanings and apparent paradoxes. For decades, divergent interpretations have been put forward about its two most emblematic monuments: the Dome of the Rock, in Jerusalem, and the Great Mosque of Damascus. Indeed, the more one reflects about them, the more the same conclusions seem to repeat themselves , with a single referent— the representation of a plant, a precious stone, a building— seemingly evoking both paradise and empire. This puzzling situation is, of course, partly due to the lack of human figures and identifying captions in their iconography, leaving the viewer to construe , after a gap of over a millennium, what may have been obvious to original audiences. What is more, any imperially sponsored sacral building or object is inherently bound to be a manifestation of both spirituality and power. Yet the reality observed in practice goes beyond the level of truisms, reaching a degree of articulation that suggests the possibility of a deliberate choice, a conscious tendency to elude one-dimensional readings and to conflate the spiritual and earthly planes. 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Beirut: Dar El-Nimer for Arts and Culture</span><span>, 2017</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Catalogue entry on a unique Qur'an written by Ayuba Suleiman Diallo, a freed slave from modern Se...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Catalogue entry on a unique Qur'an written by Ayuba Suleiman Diallo, a freed slave from modern Senegal, in England in 1733, now preserved at the Nimer Collection in Beirut.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="2170d26e177884f656ad4b408acd01b6" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":119181920,"asset_id":125072809,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/119181920/download_file?st=MTczMzAxMTU4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="125072809"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="125072809"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 125072809; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=125072809]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=125072809]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 125072809; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='125072809']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 125072809, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "2170d26e177884f656ad4b408acd01b6" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=125072809]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":125072809,"title":"[The Qur'an of Ayuba Suleiman Diallo]","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Catalogue entry on a unique Qur'an written by Ayuba Suleiman Diallo, a freed slave from modern Senegal, in England in 1733, now preserved at the Nimer Collection in Beirut.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2017,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Midad: The Public and Intimate Lives of Arabic Calligraphy. 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While the existence, in this period, of merchant communities from the Arab-Persian Gulf in Chinese ports has been known for a long time, the present study seeks to contextualise their emergence, to articulate the socio-economic conditions of their trade, and to consider the extent to which these were conducive to transmissions of ideas. Building upon scholarly findings accumulated in different disciplines, it outlines patterns of exchange that, while limited in scope, were more systemic than has hitherto been assumed.","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":56870016},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/36919720/Direct_Sea_Trade_Between_Early_Islamic_Iraq_and_Tang_China_from_the_Exchange_of_Goods_to_the_Transmission_of_Ideas","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2018-06-26T02:19:49.607-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":1106704,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":56870016,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/56870016/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"George_2015_China_early_Islamic_Iraq.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56870016/download_file?st=MTczMzAxMTU4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Direct_Sea_Trade_Between_Early_Islamic_I.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/56870016/George_2015_China_early_Islamic_Iraq-libre.pdf?1530005224=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DDirect_Sea_Trade_Between_Early_Islamic_I.pdf\u0026Expires=1733009623\u0026Signature=Qx0OVQpofwo2cNSc3mWxk99mo7jZl8Z7Mk43iie9A2x90pagpbSsC0n28M3zkurTJUxct1b8lef1oFfJSmq5AE5hsMV14YPflzP75Vg4cX5oIYjMB6PPZQ~4LMC08KeZUrq8aNam-EbsSBiglVhuL5lDzg~EZaFUtTtvCk8f3afIbmWvVfFmXhp2kUbChMApH~~TN8S4l2oDzVEZMLkzzR2-5NVv83Z2qUGrZBoQIiAv8U80CXoUKRaV8j8Gbe1mrUbWWNdbDnhecS5YaEp9trHT0Zt5RyAzMy9y1W42pHwhCfpMYIQzKuSKmUYyVDHddKk~vu-zgvIfWxpqGYt-2w__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Direct_Sea_Trade_Between_Early_Islamic_Iraq_and_Tang_China_from_the_Exchange_of_Goods_to_the_Transmission_of_Ideas","translated_slug":"","page_count":47,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":1106704,"first_name":"Alain Fouad","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"George","page_name":"AlainFouadGeorge","domain_name":"qma","created_at":"2012-01-09T03:23:32.261-08:00","display_name":"Alain Fouad George","url":"https://qma.academia.edu/AlainFouadGeorge"},"attachments":[{"id":56870016,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/56870016/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"George_2015_China_early_Islamic_Iraq.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56870016/download_file?st=MTczMzAxMTU4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Direct_Sea_Trade_Between_Early_Islamic_I.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/56870016/George_2015_China_early_Islamic_Iraq-libre.pdf?1530005224=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DDirect_Sea_Trade_Between_Early_Islamic_I.pdf\u0026Expires=1733009623\u0026Signature=Qx0OVQpofwo2cNSc3mWxk99mo7jZl8Z7Mk43iie9A2x90pagpbSsC0n28M3zkurTJUxct1b8lef1oFfJSmq5AE5hsMV14YPflzP75Vg4cX5oIYjMB6PPZQ~4LMC08KeZUrq8aNam-EbsSBiglVhuL5lDzg~EZaFUtTtvCk8f3afIbmWvVfFmXhp2kUbChMApH~~TN8S4l2oDzVEZMLkzzR2-5NVv83Z2qUGrZBoQIiAv8U80CXoUKRaV8j8Gbe1mrUbWWNdbDnhecS5YaEp9trHT0Zt5RyAzMy9y1W42pHwhCfpMYIQzKuSKmUYyVDHddKk~vu-zgvIfWxpqGYt-2w__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); 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These assertions were then confronted with extant manuscripts of the third to fourth/ ninth to tenth centuries that can be ascribed to the broad region between Syria, Iraq, and Iran. This analysis largely confirmed al-Dānī's observations, thereby suggesting the existence of a dominant norm for vocalisation in this area, which he identifies as the Mashriq. An increase in the complexity of notation systems over time also emerged. The same approach will now be applied to Qur'ans from the Maghrib. As shown in Part I, al-Dānī asserted that his region of origin possessed a distinctive vocalisation system with Medinan roots; on a few points, he also drew contrasts between earlier Maghribī conventions and those prevalent in his own day. 1","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":38268663},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/14326709/Coloured_dots_and_the_question_of_regional_origins_in_early_Qurans_Part_II","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2015-07-23T03:30:29.788-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":1106704,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":38268663,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/38268663/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"George_2015_Coloured_Dots_Part_II.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38268663/download_file?st=MTczMzAxMTU4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Coloured_dots_and_the_question_of_region.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/38268663/George_2015_Coloured_Dots_Part_II-libre.pdf?1437647262=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DColoured_dots_and_the_question_of_region.pdf\u0026Expires=1733009623\u0026Signature=eTPmBx~Gaxwa8BmIvHnZZ~H0AKndGFHqa0~3xndOGlyGNRMZmwAJ3CgvCivbFK79~3ywUC2yb1Zh3wLH4sTDz95-BX39CdRTaUEKrnR5f3qTKcYpTD2GhnftsI2A3HRsHuujViakGm4rtedcehIrNYD0fR5-doBjJhX-OC4H19JSFCOzcbvDHA1uDxHI7UkwCsFPVnx8yyfy9BfHk9umTuq69ywksfbKlziCzhT~5yNlCtc8R~T-NLSpyP4Ojqyv812xR4dB3aQRdO0KJY5Dh73UidPifCSFjsFRJj-l5fB3tqX0d4ybBUtU86OKqEJpnzYwSvZwmcWTEZOsENGX7A__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Coloured_dots_and_the_question_of_regional_origins_in_early_Qurans_Part_II","translated_slug":"","page_count":28,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":1106704,"first_name":"Alain Fouad","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"George","page_name":"AlainFouadGeorge","domain_name":"qma","created_at":"2012-01-09T03:23:32.261-08:00","display_name":"Alain Fouad George","url":"https://qma.academia.edu/AlainFouadGeorge"},"attachments":[{"id":38268663,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/38268663/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"George_2015_Coloured_Dots_Part_II.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38268663/download_file?st=MTczMzAxMTU4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Coloured_dots_and_the_question_of_region.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/38268663/George_2015_Coloured_Dots_Part_II-libre.pdf?1437647262=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DColoured_dots_and_the_question_of_region.pdf\u0026Expires=1733009623\u0026Signature=eTPmBx~Gaxwa8BmIvHnZZ~H0AKndGFHqa0~3xndOGlyGNRMZmwAJ3CgvCivbFK79~3ywUC2yb1Zh3wLH4sTDz95-BX39CdRTaUEKrnR5f3qTKcYpTD2GhnftsI2A3HRsHuujViakGm4rtedcehIrNYD0fR5-doBjJhX-OC4H19JSFCOzcbvDHA1uDxHI7UkwCsFPVnx8yyfy9BfHk9umTuq69ywksfbKlziCzhT~5yNlCtc8R~T-NLSpyP4Ojqyv812xR4dB3aQRdO0KJY5Dh73UidPifCSFjsFRJj-l5fB3tqX0d4ybBUtU86OKqEJpnzYwSvZwmcWTEZOsENGX7A__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":6869,"name":"Qur'anic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quranic_Studies"},{"id":7983,"name":"Quranic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quranic_Studies-1"},{"id":81299,"name":"Islamic Manuscripts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Manuscripts"},{"id":142673,"name":"Islamic Calligraphy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Calligraphy"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="12135976"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/12135976/Coloured_Dots_and_the_Question_of_Regional_Origins_in_Early_Qurans_Part_I"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Coloured Dots and the Question of Regional Origins in Early Qur'ans: Part I" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/37444466/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/12135976/Coloured_Dots_and_the_Question_of_Regional_Origins_in_Early_Qurans_Part_I">Coloured Dots and the Question of Regional Origins in Early Qur'ans: Part I</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Qur'anic Studies</span><span>, 2015</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="4245a400fb75e67f031acfdc7f78969f" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":37444466,"asset_id":12135976,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37444466/download_file?st=MTczMzAxMTU4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="12135976"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="12135976"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12135976; 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These devices were used in different ways by different vocalisers. Few textual sources dealing with this subject survive. By far the most consequential is al-Muḥkam fī naqṭ al-maṣāḥif (lit. 'The Precise on the Vocalisation of Qur'ans') by Abū ʿAmr ʿUthmān b. Saʿīd al-Dānī (371-444/982-1053). Following a line of work initiated by Yasin Dutton, the present study will confront the assertions of the Muḥkam with a sample of key manuscripts in an attempt to gain insights into the regional origins of early Qur'ans. Al-Dānī's shorter treatise on the subject, the Kitāb al-naqṭ ('Book of Vocalisation'), will also be considered where relevant. 3","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2015,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Journal of Qur'anic Studies","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":37444466},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/12135976/Coloured_Dots_and_the_Question_of_Regional_Origins_in_Early_Qurans_Part_I","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2015-04-28T04:55:48.130-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":1106704,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":37444466,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/37444466/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"George_2015_Coloured_dots_Part_I.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37444466/download_file?st=MTczMzAxMTU4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Coloured_Dots_and_the_Question_of_Region.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/37444466/George_2015_Coloured_dots_Part_I-libre.pdf?1430222140=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DColoured_Dots_and_the_Question_of_Region.pdf\u0026Expires=1733009623\u0026Signature=SgXBHSu5I8sLt6A6gMaRtebVD1DWjGC0K2wX8TychzsEm6ItkjMreq7pTNL-UZ6zDziAdDEImfb3bjjcEdkh-wwtMog3Nj5trSSUP~m~~TQpGe-nvi0Caqo84jguLQbsfnFyWJtf5x64TASS0i6Mjb3e3MTqXUJnmc835gqnVZF9ayuxIb7qeJ~-16FIDNgbB3QVcy~GUSVWyaPnDkeBI3fkCPyLN1AKLfToMeJ-mX7GoF-ZCajY1Q-r~Y07A47Ig0vws45lQ5cOHzPdA0Nw6whdlDMrL7wDRQ-4q4Y4hkC2u9tsezRmi25f~5X~j~DLcJSI-QG0-xyjVJLPUAvHPQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Coloured_Dots_and_the_Question_of_Regional_Origins_in_Early_Qurans_Part_I","translated_slug":"","page_count":44,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":1106704,"first_name":"Alain Fouad","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"George","page_name":"AlainFouadGeorge","domain_name":"qma","created_at":"2012-01-09T03:23:32.261-08:00","display_name":"Alain Fouad George","url":"https://qma.academia.edu/AlainFouadGeorge"},"attachments":[{"id":37444466,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/37444466/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"George_2015_Coloured_dots_Part_I.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37444466/download_file?st=MTczMzAxMTU4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Coloured_Dots_and_the_Question_of_Region.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/37444466/George_2015_Coloured_dots_Part_I-libre.pdf?1430222140=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DColoured_Dots_and_the_Question_of_Region.pdf\u0026Expires=1733009623\u0026Signature=SgXBHSu5I8sLt6A6gMaRtebVD1DWjGC0K2wX8TychzsEm6ItkjMreq7pTNL-UZ6zDziAdDEImfb3bjjcEdkh-wwtMog3Nj5trSSUP~m~~TQpGe-nvi0Caqo84jguLQbsfnFyWJtf5x64TASS0i6Mjb3e3MTqXUJnmc835gqnVZF9ayuxIb7qeJ~-16FIDNgbB3QVcy~GUSVWyaPnDkeBI3fkCPyLN1AKLfToMeJ-mX7GoF-ZCajY1Q-r~Y07A47Ig0vws45lQ5cOHzPdA0Nw6whdlDMrL7wDRQ-4q4Y4hkC2u9tsezRmi25f~5X~j~DLcJSI-QG0-xyjVJLPUAvHPQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":6869,"name":"Qur'anic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quranic_Studies"},{"id":8916,"name":"Islamic Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Art"},{"id":81299,"name":"Islamic Manuscripts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Manuscripts"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); 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Modern scholarship on the subject, which stretches back over two centuries, has until recently focused primarily on letter forms. But the Greeks, probably beginning with Pythagoras, saw a spiritual dimension in certain numbers and the proportions related to them, which they studied in theory and applied in the arts. 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In an earlier article, we have made a series of observations about the Qur'an of Am jür, a manuscript written in 262/876, at the peak of the Kufic tradition, which coincided with a period of extensive translation of Greek works into Arabic. 2 Both its script and layout turned out to be constructed according to elaborate geometrical and proportional rules. However, it remained to be determined whether the underlying system was unique to this relatively lavish manuscript or more widespread. The present article expounds the results of the analysis of over a thousand early Qur'anic pages, representing several hundred manuscripts in all Kufic scripts. Its conclusions will raise new questions about the Kufic tradition's origins and meaning.","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":30647580},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/2643183/The_Geometry_of_Early_Quranic_Manuscripts","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2013-02-24T21:45:53.225-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":1106704,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":30647580,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/30647580/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"George_2007_Geometry_early_Quranic_Mss.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/30647580/download_file?st=MTczMzAxMTU4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"The_Geometry_of_Early_Quranic_Manuscript.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/30647580/George_2007_Geometry_early_Quranic_Mss-libre.pdf?1391856246=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DThe_Geometry_of_Early_Quranic_Manuscript.pdf\u0026Expires=1733009624\u0026Signature=dIbUa-k7374FCH3ILhVgTnmbcLLNlE2KBtZ1Wxnwa5NLcHhnRJ0YiMBKChI42XWzZdONWQNamLvbZIvblo-WWj2JIDbfY8-ThawtV6xcgLktl81-Bvq8mqsMqis7E5gmjsVXmcX1G642aU1zgzwCgkrO4XK2yn9PfPAkK9wUTThVdSQAsKZ60PfxST0x3Mpt5OTh1qlly-IOXL3SaCglYks7fTZOywPuR1iEl5PaMtxWvrKLZUPVMvmITTmna2-ElTy3mPMZnW~mV5LaaYM0R3APih70FNTIPgt1pH1R7V0kFcjLXSoBe8iNeoX15PARLOOt8UrCNdKO4vzz0xSrqg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"The_Geometry_of_Early_Quranic_Manuscripts","translated_slug":"","page_count":33,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":1106704,"first_name":"Alain Fouad","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"George","page_name":"AlainFouadGeorge","domain_name":"qma","created_at":"2012-01-09T03:23:32.261-08:00","display_name":"Alain Fouad George","url":"https://qma.academia.edu/AlainFouadGeorge"},"attachments":[{"id":30647580,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/30647580/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"George_2007_Geometry_early_Quranic_Mss.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/30647580/download_file?st=MTczMzAxMTU4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"The_Geometry_of_Early_Quranic_Manuscript.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/30647580/George_2007_Geometry_early_Quranic_Mss-libre.pdf?1391856246=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DThe_Geometry_of_Early_Quranic_Manuscript.pdf\u0026Expires=1733009624\u0026Signature=dIbUa-k7374FCH3ILhVgTnmbcLLNlE2KBtZ1Wxnwa5NLcHhnRJ0YiMBKChI42XWzZdONWQNamLvbZIvblo-WWj2JIDbfY8-ThawtV6xcgLktl81-Bvq8mqsMqis7E5gmjsVXmcX1G642aU1zgzwCgkrO4XK2yn9PfPAkK9wUTThVdSQAsKZ60PfxST0x3Mpt5OTh1qlly-IOXL3SaCglYks7fTZOywPuR1iEl5PaMtxWvrKLZUPVMvmITTmna2-ElTy3mPMZnW~mV5LaaYM0R3APih70FNTIPgt1pH1R7V0kFcjLXSoBe8iNeoX15PARLOOt8UrCNdKO4vzz0xSrqg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="profile--tab_heading_container js-section-heading" data-section="Books" id="Books"><h3 class="profile--tab_heading_container">Books by Alain Fouad George</h3></div><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="105216103"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/105216103/The_Umayyad_Mosque_of_Damascus_Art_Faith_and_Empire_in_Early_Islam_Front_matter_and_introduction_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The Umayyad Mosque of Damascus: Art, Faith and Empire in Early Islam (Front matter and introduction)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/104731037/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/105216103/The_Umayyad_Mosque_of_Damascus_Art_Faith_and_Empire_in_Early_Islam_Front_matter_and_introduction_">The Umayyad Mosque of Damascus: Art, Faith and Empire in Early Islam (Front matter and introduction)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="eeb89880c977784be1b337211c8eb640" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":104731037,"asset_id":105216103,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/104731037/download_file?st=MTczMzAxMTU4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="105216103"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="105216103"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 105216103; 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Long after producing my English translations of these texts, I asked Nadia Jamil whether she would consider letting me feature hers instead, as they were sure to be more elegant and accurate than my own. She responded with characteristic generosity and enthusiasm: the result can be seen in Appendix 1. Sourcing rare documents and images proved to be another major undertaking, just as one would expect. When it came to scans from libraries, I was fortunate to be helped by a succession of competent and friendly students at Edinburgh, then Oxford: in chronological order, Francesco Stermotich-Cappellari,","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2021,"errors":{}},"grobid_abstract_attachment_id":104731037},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/105216103/The_Umayyad_Mosque_of_Damascus_Art_Faith_and_Empire_in_Early_Islam_Front_matter_and_introduction_","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-08-03T05:31:40.151-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":1106704,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"book","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":104731037,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/104731037/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"George_2021_UMD_Front_Matter_Intro.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/104731037/download_file?st=MTczMzAxMTU4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"The_Umayyad_Mosque_of_Damascus_Art_Faith.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/104731037/George_2021_UMD_Front_Matter_Intro-libre.pdf?1691066775=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DThe_Umayyad_Mosque_of_Damascus_Art_Faith.pdf\u0026Expires=1733009624\u0026Signature=FYlVsHblq0LmaFWEAUJ54o1jhckC0iFwACzcVI6IL4b-HaISoJhQh~dBu15aAEwNQalz7Mq1c4ByE6ghJLuQ-rjiilPThyalzpybwesknnP4iTAYlJc2X9htTF5w8Wz4fqba6ZREF3hEfMv6GEF6gbYSTB-Blnpj9vA9TieUKb-HB5dVBdix-oDbemRM4dMf7D65T6awmjHVo0O58tH0lEIkcnZLH-Wt3rAfJ8AeyeLi518LC9Dft31YqbYXg1H1OhKjhdlkw06juAOa0~1COIWwClAUKXJXl9Wu7MD1rVSYmeKcz917z30AgdpokKTmQ7h1123glfmEPqwsGGbPSw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"The_Umayyad_Mosque_of_Damascus_Art_Faith_and_Empire_in_Early_Islam_Front_matter_and_introduction_","translated_slug":"","page_count":9,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":1106704,"first_name":"Alain 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href="https://www.academia.edu/36921637/Power_Patronage_and_Memory_in_Early_Islam_Perspectives_on_Umayyad_Elites_Front_matter_and_introduction_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Power, Patronage, and Memory in Early Islam Perspectives on Umayyad Elites (Front matter and introduction)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/56871739/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/36921637/Power_Patronage_and_Memory_in_Early_Islam_Perspectives_on_Umayyad_Elites_Front_matter_and_introduction_">Power, Patronage, and Memory in Early Islam Perspectives on Umayyad Elites (Front matter and introduction)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Edited by Alain George and Andew Marsham</span></div><div 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href="https://www.academia.edu/102015968/A_Builder_of_Mosques_The_Projects_of_al_Walid_I_from_Sanaa_to_Homs">A Builder of Mosques: The Projects of al-Walid I, from Sanaa to Homs</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Fruit of Knowledge, Wheel of Learning: Essays in Honour of Robert Hillenbrand</span><span>, 2022</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="ae10a310f71c4cade162e5929b21772f" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":105165110,"asset_id":102015968,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/105165110/download_file?st=MTczMzAxMTU4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span 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On a Paradox of Umayyad Art" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/56871722/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/36921620/Paradise_or_Empire_On_a_Paradox_of_Umayyad_Art">Paradise or Empire? On a Paradox of Umayyad Art</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Power, Patronage and Memory in Early Islam: Perspectives on Umayyad Elites</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Islamic art on a grand scale, and it has continued to exert its fascination upon generation after...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Islamic art on a grand scale, and it has continued to exert its fascination upon generation after generation of visitors ever since. To the modern student, it is also a field riddled with elusive meanings and apparent paradoxes. For decades, divergent interpretations have been put forward about its two most emblematic monuments: the Dome of the Rock, in Jerusalem, and the Great Mosque of Damascus. Indeed, the more one reflects about them, the more the same conclusions seem to repeat themselves , with a single referent— the representation of a plant, a precious stone, a building— seemingly evoking both paradise and empire. This puzzling situation is, of course, partly due to the lack of human figures and identifying captions in their iconography, leaving the viewer to construe , after a gap of over a millennium, what may have been obvious to original audiences. What is more, any imperially sponsored sacral building or object is inherently bound to be a manifestation of both spirituality and power. 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Beirut: Dar El-Nimer for Arts and Culture</span><span>, 2017</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Catalogue entry on a unique Qur'an written by Ayuba Suleiman Diallo, a freed slave from modern Se...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Catalogue entry on a unique Qur'an written by Ayuba Suleiman Diallo, a freed slave from modern Senegal, in England in 1733, now preserved at the Nimer Collection in Beirut.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="2170d26e177884f656ad4b408acd01b6" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":119181920,"asset_id":125072809,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/119181920/download_file?st=MTczMzAxMTU4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="125072809"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="125072809"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 125072809; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=125072809]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=125072809]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 125072809; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='125072809']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 125072809, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "2170d26e177884f656ad4b408acd01b6" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=125072809]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":125072809,"title":"[The Qur'an of Ayuba Suleiman Diallo]","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Catalogue entry on a unique Qur'an written by Ayuba Suleiman Diallo, a freed slave from modern Senegal, in England in 1733, now preserved at the Nimer Collection in Beirut.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2017,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Midad: The Public and Intimate Lives of Arabic Calligraphy. 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While the existence, in this period, of merchant communities from the Arab-Persian Gulf in Chinese ports has been known for a long time, the present study seeks to contextualise their emergence, to articulate the socio-economic conditions of their trade, and to consider the extent to which these were conducive to transmissions of ideas. Building upon scholarly findings accumulated in different disciplines, it outlines patterns of exchange that, while limited in scope, were more systemic than has hitherto been assumed.","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":56870016},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/36919720/Direct_Sea_Trade_Between_Early_Islamic_Iraq_and_Tang_China_from_the_Exchange_of_Goods_to_the_Transmission_of_Ideas","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2018-06-26T02:19:49.607-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":1106704,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":56870016,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/56870016/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"George_2015_China_early_Islamic_Iraq.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56870016/download_file?st=MTczMzAxMTU4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Direct_Sea_Trade_Between_Early_Islamic_I.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/56870016/George_2015_China_early_Islamic_Iraq-libre.pdf?1530005224=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DDirect_Sea_Trade_Between_Early_Islamic_I.pdf\u0026Expires=1733009623\u0026Signature=Qx0OVQpofwo2cNSc3mWxk99mo7jZl8Z7Mk43iie9A2x90pagpbSsC0n28M3zkurTJUxct1b8lef1oFfJSmq5AE5hsMV14YPflzP75Vg4cX5oIYjMB6PPZQ~4LMC08KeZUrq8aNam-EbsSBiglVhuL5lDzg~EZaFUtTtvCk8f3afIbmWvVfFmXhp2kUbChMApH~~TN8S4l2oDzVEZMLkzzR2-5NVv83Z2qUGrZBoQIiAv8U80CXoUKRaV8j8Gbe1mrUbWWNdbDnhecS5YaEp9trHT0Zt5RyAzMy9y1W42pHwhCfpMYIQzKuSKmUYyVDHddKk~vu-zgvIfWxpqGYt-2w__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Direct_Sea_Trade_Between_Early_Islamic_Iraq_and_Tang_China_from_the_Exchange_of_Goods_to_the_Transmission_of_Ideas","translated_slug":"","page_count":47,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":1106704,"first_name":"Alain Fouad","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"George","page_name":"AlainFouadGeorge","domain_name":"qma","created_at":"2012-01-09T03:23:32.261-08:00","display_name":"Alain Fouad George","url":"https://qma.academia.edu/AlainFouadGeorge"},"attachments":[{"id":56870016,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/56870016/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"George_2015_China_early_Islamic_Iraq.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56870016/download_file?st=MTczMzAxMTU4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Direct_Sea_Trade_Between_Early_Islamic_I.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/56870016/George_2015_China_early_Islamic_Iraq-libre.pdf?1530005224=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DDirect_Sea_Trade_Between_Early_Islamic_I.pdf\u0026Expires=1733009623\u0026Signature=Qx0OVQpofwo2cNSc3mWxk99mo7jZl8Z7Mk43iie9A2x90pagpbSsC0n28M3zkurTJUxct1b8lef1oFfJSmq5AE5hsMV14YPflzP75Vg4cX5oIYjMB6PPZQ~4LMC08KeZUrq8aNam-EbsSBiglVhuL5lDzg~EZaFUtTtvCk8f3afIbmWvVfFmXhp2kUbChMApH~~TN8S4l2oDzVEZMLkzzR2-5NVv83Z2qUGrZBoQIiAv8U80CXoUKRaV8j8Gbe1mrUbWWNdbDnhecS5YaEp9trHT0Zt5RyAzMy9y1W42pHwhCfpMYIQzKuSKmUYyVDHddKk~vu-zgvIfWxpqGYt-2w__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); 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These assertions were then confronted with extant manuscripts of the third to fourth/ ninth to tenth centuries that can be ascribed to the broad region between Syria, Iraq, and Iran. This analysis largely confirmed al-Dānī's observations, thereby suggesting the existence of a dominant norm for vocalisation in this area, which he identifies as the Mashriq. An increase in the complexity of notation systems over time also emerged. The same approach will now be applied to Qur'ans from the Maghrib. As shown in Part I, al-Dānī asserted that his region of origin possessed a distinctive vocalisation system with Medinan roots; on a few points, he also drew contrasts between earlier Maghribī conventions and those prevalent in his own day. 1","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":38268663},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/14326709/Coloured_dots_and_the_question_of_regional_origins_in_early_Qurans_Part_II","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2015-07-23T03:30:29.788-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":1106704,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":38268663,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/38268663/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"George_2015_Coloured_Dots_Part_II.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38268663/download_file?st=MTczMzAxMTU4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Coloured_dots_and_the_question_of_region.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/38268663/George_2015_Coloured_Dots_Part_II-libre.pdf?1437647262=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DColoured_dots_and_the_question_of_region.pdf\u0026Expires=1733009623\u0026Signature=eTPmBx~Gaxwa8BmIvHnZZ~H0AKndGFHqa0~3xndOGlyGNRMZmwAJ3CgvCivbFK79~3ywUC2yb1Zh3wLH4sTDz95-BX39CdRTaUEKrnR5f3qTKcYpTD2GhnftsI2A3HRsHuujViakGm4rtedcehIrNYD0fR5-doBjJhX-OC4H19JSFCOzcbvDHA1uDxHI7UkwCsFPVnx8yyfy9BfHk9umTuq69ywksfbKlziCzhT~5yNlCtc8R~T-NLSpyP4Ojqyv812xR4dB3aQRdO0KJY5Dh73UidPifCSFjsFRJj-l5fB3tqX0d4ybBUtU86OKqEJpnzYwSvZwmcWTEZOsENGX7A__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Coloured_dots_and_the_question_of_regional_origins_in_early_Qurans_Part_II","translated_slug":"","page_count":28,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":1106704,"first_name":"Alain Fouad","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"George","page_name":"AlainFouadGeorge","domain_name":"qma","created_at":"2012-01-09T03:23:32.261-08:00","display_name":"Alain Fouad George","url":"https://qma.academia.edu/AlainFouadGeorge"},"attachments":[{"id":38268663,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/38268663/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"George_2015_Coloured_Dots_Part_II.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38268663/download_file?st=MTczMzAxMTU4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Coloured_dots_and_the_question_of_region.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/38268663/George_2015_Coloured_Dots_Part_II-libre.pdf?1437647262=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DColoured_dots_and_the_question_of_region.pdf\u0026Expires=1733009623\u0026Signature=eTPmBx~Gaxwa8BmIvHnZZ~H0AKndGFHqa0~3xndOGlyGNRMZmwAJ3CgvCivbFK79~3ywUC2yb1Zh3wLH4sTDz95-BX39CdRTaUEKrnR5f3qTKcYpTD2GhnftsI2A3HRsHuujViakGm4rtedcehIrNYD0fR5-doBjJhX-OC4H19JSFCOzcbvDHA1uDxHI7UkwCsFPVnx8yyfy9BfHk9umTuq69ywksfbKlziCzhT~5yNlCtc8R~T-NLSpyP4Ojqyv812xR4dB3aQRdO0KJY5Dh73UidPifCSFjsFRJj-l5fB3tqX0d4ybBUtU86OKqEJpnzYwSvZwmcWTEZOsENGX7A__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":6869,"name":"Qur'anic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quranic_Studies"},{"id":7983,"name":"Quranic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quranic_Studies-1"},{"id":81299,"name":"Islamic Manuscripts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Manuscripts"},{"id":142673,"name":"Islamic Calligraphy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Calligraphy"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="12135976"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/12135976/Coloured_Dots_and_the_Question_of_Regional_Origins_in_Early_Qurans_Part_I"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Coloured Dots and the Question of Regional Origins in Early Qur'ans: Part I" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/37444466/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/12135976/Coloured_Dots_and_the_Question_of_Regional_Origins_in_Early_Qurans_Part_I">Coloured Dots and the Question of Regional Origins in Early Qur'ans: Part I</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Qur'anic Studies</span><span>, 2015</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="4245a400fb75e67f031acfdc7f78969f" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":37444466,"asset_id":12135976,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37444466/download_file?st=MTczMzAxMTU4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="12135976"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="12135976"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12135976; 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These devices were used in different ways by different vocalisers. Few textual sources dealing with this subject survive. By far the most consequential is al-Muḥkam fī naqṭ al-maṣāḥif (lit. 'The Precise on the Vocalisation of Qur'ans') by Abū ʿAmr ʿUthmān b. Saʿīd al-Dānī (371-444/982-1053). Following a line of work initiated by Yasin Dutton, the present study will confront the assertions of the Muḥkam with a sample of key manuscripts in an attempt to gain insights into the regional origins of early Qur'ans. Al-Dānī's shorter treatise on the subject, the Kitāb al-naqṭ ('Book of Vocalisation'), will also be considered where relevant. 3","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2015,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Journal of Qur'anic Studies","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":37444466},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/12135976/Coloured_Dots_and_the_Question_of_Regional_Origins_in_Early_Qurans_Part_I","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2015-04-28T04:55:48.130-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":1106704,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":37444466,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/37444466/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"George_2015_Coloured_dots_Part_I.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37444466/download_file?st=MTczMzAxMTU4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Coloured_Dots_and_the_Question_of_Region.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/37444466/George_2015_Coloured_dots_Part_I-libre.pdf?1430222140=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DColoured_Dots_and_the_Question_of_Region.pdf\u0026Expires=1733009623\u0026Signature=SgXBHSu5I8sLt6A6gMaRtebVD1DWjGC0K2wX8TychzsEm6ItkjMreq7pTNL-UZ6zDziAdDEImfb3bjjcEdkh-wwtMog3Nj5trSSUP~m~~TQpGe-nvi0Caqo84jguLQbsfnFyWJtf5x64TASS0i6Mjb3e3MTqXUJnmc835gqnVZF9ayuxIb7qeJ~-16FIDNgbB3QVcy~GUSVWyaPnDkeBI3fkCPyLN1AKLfToMeJ-mX7GoF-ZCajY1Q-r~Y07A47Ig0vws45lQ5cOHzPdA0Nw6whdlDMrL7wDRQ-4q4Y4hkC2u9tsezRmi25f~5X~j~DLcJSI-QG0-xyjVJLPUAvHPQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Coloured_Dots_and_the_Question_of_Regional_Origins_in_Early_Qurans_Part_I","translated_slug":"","page_count":44,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":1106704,"first_name":"Alain Fouad","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"George","page_name":"AlainFouadGeorge","domain_name":"qma","created_at":"2012-01-09T03:23:32.261-08:00","display_name":"Alain Fouad George","url":"https://qma.academia.edu/AlainFouadGeorge"},"attachments":[{"id":37444466,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/37444466/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"George_2015_Coloured_dots_Part_I.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37444466/download_file?st=MTczMzAxMTU4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Coloured_Dots_and_the_Question_of_Region.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/37444466/George_2015_Coloured_dots_Part_I-libre.pdf?1430222140=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DColoured_Dots_and_the_Question_of_Region.pdf\u0026Expires=1733009623\u0026Signature=SgXBHSu5I8sLt6A6gMaRtebVD1DWjGC0K2wX8TychzsEm6ItkjMreq7pTNL-UZ6zDziAdDEImfb3bjjcEdkh-wwtMog3Nj5trSSUP~m~~TQpGe-nvi0Caqo84jguLQbsfnFyWJtf5x64TASS0i6Mjb3e3MTqXUJnmc835gqnVZF9ayuxIb7qeJ~-16FIDNgbB3QVcy~GUSVWyaPnDkeBI3fkCPyLN1AKLfToMeJ-mX7GoF-ZCajY1Q-r~Y07A47Ig0vws45lQ5cOHzPdA0Nw6whdlDMrL7wDRQ-4q4Y4hkC2u9tsezRmi25f~5X~j~DLcJSI-QG0-xyjVJLPUAvHPQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":6869,"name":"Qur'anic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quranic_Studies"},{"id":8916,"name":"Islamic Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Art"},{"id":81299,"name":"Islamic Manuscripts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Manuscripts"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); 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Modern scholarship on the subject, which stretches back over two centuries, has until recently focused primarily on letter forms. But the Greeks, probably beginning with Pythagoras, saw a spiritual dimension in certain numbers and the proportions related to them, which they studied in theory and applied in the arts. 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In an earlier article, we have made a series of observations about the Qur'an of Am jür, a manuscript written in 262/876, at the peak of the Kufic tradition, which coincided with a period of extensive translation of Greek works into Arabic. 2 Both its script and layout turned out to be constructed according to elaborate geometrical and proportional rules. However, it remained to be determined whether the underlying system was unique to this relatively lavish manuscript or more widespread. The present article expounds the results of the analysis of over a thousand early Qur'anic pages, representing several hundred manuscripts in all Kufic scripts. Its conclusions will raise new questions about the Kufic tradition's origins and meaning.","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":30647580},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/2643183/The_Geometry_of_Early_Quranic_Manuscripts","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2013-02-24T21:45:53.225-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":1106704,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":30647580,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/30647580/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"George_2007_Geometry_early_Quranic_Mss.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/30647580/download_file?st=MTczMzAxMTU4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"The_Geometry_of_Early_Quranic_Manuscript.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/30647580/George_2007_Geometry_early_Quranic_Mss-libre.pdf?1391856246=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DThe_Geometry_of_Early_Quranic_Manuscript.pdf\u0026Expires=1733009624\u0026Signature=dIbUa-k7374FCH3ILhVgTnmbcLLNlE2KBtZ1Wxnwa5NLcHhnRJ0YiMBKChI42XWzZdONWQNamLvbZIvblo-WWj2JIDbfY8-ThawtV6xcgLktl81-Bvq8mqsMqis7E5gmjsVXmcX1G642aU1zgzwCgkrO4XK2yn9PfPAkK9wUTThVdSQAsKZ60PfxST0x3Mpt5OTh1qlly-IOXL3SaCglYks7fTZOywPuR1iEl5PaMtxWvrKLZUPVMvmITTmna2-ElTy3mPMZnW~mV5LaaYM0R3APih70FNTIPgt1pH1R7V0kFcjLXSoBe8iNeoX15PARLOOt8UrCNdKO4vzz0xSrqg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"The_Geometry_of_Early_Quranic_Manuscripts","translated_slug":"","page_count":33,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":1106704,"first_name":"Alain Fouad","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"George","page_name":"AlainFouadGeorge","domain_name":"qma","created_at":"2012-01-09T03:23:32.261-08:00","display_name":"Alain Fouad George","url":"https://qma.academia.edu/AlainFouadGeorge"},"attachments":[{"id":30647580,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/30647580/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"George_2007_Geometry_early_Quranic_Mss.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/30647580/download_file?st=MTczMzAxMTU4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"The_Geometry_of_Early_Quranic_Manuscript.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/30647580/George_2007_Geometry_early_Quranic_Mss-libre.pdf?1391856246=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DThe_Geometry_of_Early_Quranic_Manuscript.pdf\u0026Expires=1733009624\u0026Signature=dIbUa-k7374FCH3ILhVgTnmbcLLNlE2KBtZ1Wxnwa5NLcHhnRJ0YiMBKChI42XWzZdONWQNamLvbZIvblo-WWj2JIDbfY8-ThawtV6xcgLktl81-Bvq8mqsMqis7E5gmjsVXmcX1G642aU1zgzwCgkrO4XK2yn9PfPAkK9wUTThVdSQAsKZ60PfxST0x3Mpt5OTh1qlly-IOXL3SaCglYks7fTZOywPuR1iEl5PaMtxWvrKLZUPVMvmITTmna2-ElTy3mPMZnW~mV5LaaYM0R3APih70FNTIPgt1pH1R7V0kFcjLXSoBe8iNeoX15PARLOOt8UrCNdKO4vzz0xSrqg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); 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Long after producing my English translations of these texts, I asked Nadia Jamil whether she would consider letting me feature hers instead, as they were sure to be more elegant and accurate than my own. She responded with characteristic generosity and enthusiasm: the result can be seen in Appendix 1. Sourcing rare documents and images proved to be another major undertaking, just as one would expect. When it came to scans from libraries, I was fortunate to be helped by a succession of competent and friendly students at Edinburgh, then Oxford: in chronological order, Francesco Stermotich-Cappellari,","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2021,"errors":{}},"grobid_abstract_attachment_id":104731037},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/105216103/The_Umayyad_Mosque_of_Damascus_Art_Faith_and_Empire_in_Early_Islam_Front_matter_and_introduction_","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-08-03T05:31:40.151-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":1106704,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"book","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":104731037,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/104731037/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"George_2021_UMD_Front_Matter_Intro.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/104731037/download_file?st=MTczMzAxMTU4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"The_Umayyad_Mosque_of_Damascus_Art_Faith.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/104731037/George_2021_UMD_Front_Matter_Intro-libre.pdf?1691066775=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DThe_Umayyad_Mosque_of_Damascus_Art_Faith.pdf\u0026Expires=1733009624\u0026Signature=FYlVsHblq0LmaFWEAUJ54o1jhckC0iFwACzcVI6IL4b-HaISoJhQh~dBu15aAEwNQalz7Mq1c4ByE6ghJLuQ-rjiilPThyalzpybwesknnP4iTAYlJc2X9htTF5w8Wz4fqba6ZREF3hEfMv6GEF6gbYSTB-Blnpj9vA9TieUKb-HB5dVBdix-oDbemRM4dMf7D65T6awmjHVo0O58tH0lEIkcnZLH-Wt3rAfJ8AeyeLi518LC9Dft31YqbYXg1H1OhKjhdlkw06juAOa0~1COIWwClAUKXJXl9Wu7MD1rVSYmeKcz917z30AgdpokKTmQ7h1123glfmEPqwsGGbPSw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"The_Umayyad_Mosque_of_Damascus_Art_Faith_and_Empire_in_Early_Islam_Front_matter_and_introduction_","translated_slug":"","page_count":9,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":1106704,"first_name":"Alain 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