CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" xmlns:fb="http://www.facebook.com/2008/fbml" class="wf-loading"> <head prefix="og: https://ogp.me/ns# fb: https://ogp.me/ns/fb# academia: https://ogp.me/ns/fb/academia#"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name=viewport content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <meta rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/open_search.xml" title="Academia.edu"> <title>Economic integration Research Papers - Academia.edu</title>  <link href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-production.ico" rel="shortcut icon" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="57x57" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-57x57.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="60x60" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-60x60.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="72x72" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-72x72.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="76x76" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-76x76.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="114x114" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-114x114.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="120x120" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-120x120.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="144x144" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-144x144.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="152x152" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-152x152.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-180x180.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-32x32.png" sizes="32x32"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-194x194.png" sizes="194x194"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-96x96.png" sizes="96x96"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/android-chrome-192x192.png" sizes="192x192"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-16x16.png" sizes="16x16"> <link rel="manifest" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/manifest.json"> <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#2b5797"> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/mstile-144x144.png"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff"> <script> window.performance && window.performance.measure && window.performance.measure("Time To First Byte", "requestStart", "responseStart"); </script> <script> (function() { if (!window.URLSearchParams || !window.history || !window.history.replaceState) { return; } var searchParams = new URLSearchParams(window.location.search); var paramsToDelete = [ 'fs', 'sm', 'swp', 'iid', 'nbs', 'rcc', // related content category 'rcpos', // related content carousel position 'rcpg', // related carousel page 'rchid', // related content hit id 'f_ri', // research interest id, for SEO tracking 'f_fri', // featured research interest, for SEO tracking (param key without value) 'f_rid', // from research interest directory for SEO tracking 'f_loswp', // from research interest pills on LOSWP sidebar for SEO tracking 'rhid', // referrring hit id ]; if (paramsToDelete.every((key) => searchParams.get(key) === null)) { return; } paramsToDelete.forEach((key) => { searchParams.delete(key); }); var cleanUrl = new URL(window.location.href); cleanUrl.search = searchParams.toString(); history.replaceState({}, document.title, cleanUrl); })(); </script> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "by_tag", 'action': "show_one", 'controller_action': 'by_tag#show_one', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script type="text/javascript"> window.sendUserTiming = function(timingName) { if (!(window.performance && window.performance.measure)) return; var entries = window.performance.getEntriesByName(timingName, "measure"); if (entries.length !== 1) return; var timingValue = Math.round(entries[0].duration); gtag('event', 'timing_complete', { name: timingName, value: timingValue, event_category: 'User-centric', }); }; window.sendUserTiming("Time To First Byte"); </script> <meta name="csrf-param" content="authenticity_token" /> <meta name="csrf-token" content="9yYTtfPDFxr5CK65IZ5mAVVBqMumkzhNXEaBOoCWi76wuQEsW4APsMYQsX4k2BPJ7BeeepPZ8B46CsyE1JLS6w" /> <link href="/Documents/in/Economic_integration?after=50%2C49839790" rel="next" /><link crossorigin="" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com/" rel="preconnect" /><link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=DM+Sans:ital,opsz,wght@0,9..40,100..1000;1,9..40,100..1000&family=Gupter:wght@400;500;700&family=IBM+Plex+Mono:wght@300;400&family=Material+Symbols+Outlined:opsz,wght,FILL,GRAD@20,400,0,0&display=swap" rel="stylesheet" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/common-2b6f90dbd75f5941bc38f4ad716615f3ac449e7398313bb3bc225fba451cd9fa.css" /> <meta name="description" content="View Economic integration Research Papers on Academia.edu for free." /> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="bKJMBZA7E43xhDOopFZkssMMkBRjvYERV-NaN4R6mrs" /> <script> var $controller_name = 'by_tag'; var $action_name = "show_one"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = '075e914b9e16164113b5b9afd7238a56a7292942'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.Aedu = { hit_data: null }; window.Aedu.SiteStats = {"premium_universities_count":14035,"monthly_visitors":"102 million","monthly_visitor_count":102864795,"monthly_visitor_count_in_millions":102,"user_count":283263618,"paper_count":55203019,"paper_count_in_millions":55,"page_count":432000000,"page_count_in_millions":432,"pdf_count":16500000,"pdf_count_in_millions":16}; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1740048647000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1740048647000; window.Aedu.isUsingCssV1 = false; window.Aedu.enableLocalization = true; window.Aedu.activateFullstory = false; window.Aedu.serviceAvailability = { status: {"attention_db":"on","bibliography_db":"on","contacts_db":"on","email_db":"on","indexability_db":"on","mentions_db":"on","news_db":"on","notifications_db":"on","offsite_mentions_db":"on","redshift":"on","redshift_exports_db":"on","related_works_db":"on","ring_db":"on","user_tests_db":"on"}, serviceEnabled: function(service) { return this.status[service] === "on"; }, readEnabled: function(service) { return this.serviceEnabled(service) || this.status[service] === "read_only"; }, }; window.Aedu.viewApmTrace = function() { // Check if x-apm-trace-id meta tag is set, and open the trace in APM // in a new window if it is. var apmTraceId = document.head.querySelector('meta[name="x-apm-trace-id"]'); if (apmTraceId) { var traceId = apmTraceId.content; // Use trace ID to construct URL, an example URL looks like: // https://app.datadoghq.com/apm/traces?query=trace_id%31298410148923562634 var apmUrl = 'https://app.datadoghq.com/apm/traces?query=trace_id%3A' + traceId; window.open(apmUrl, '_blank'); } }; </script>  <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto:100,100i,300,300i,400,400i,500,500i,700,700i,900,900i" rel="stylesheet"> <link rel="preload" href="//maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/font-awesome/4.3.0/css/font-awesome.min.css" as="style" onload="this.rel='stylesheet'"> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/libraries-a9675dcb01ec4ef6aa807ba772c7a5a00c1820d3ff661c1038a20f80d06bb4e4.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/academia-40698df34f913bd208bb70f09d2feb7c6286046250be17a4db35bba2c08b0e2f.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system_legacy-056a9113b9a0f5343d013b29ee1929d5a18be35fdcdceb616600b4db8bd20054.css" /> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/runtime-bundle-005434038af4252ca37c527588411a3d6a0eabb5f727fac83f8bbe7fd88d93bb.js"></script> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/webpack_libraries_and_infrequently_changed.wjs-bundle-6145545f49b709c1199990a76c559bd4c35429284884cbcb3cf7f1916215e941.js"></script> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/core_webpack.wjs-bundle-5e022a2ab081599fcedc76886fa95a606f8073416cae1641695a9906c9a80b81.js"></script> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/sentry.wjs-bundle-5fe03fddca915c8ba0f7edbe64c194308e8ce5abaed7bffe1255ff37549c4808.js"></script> <script> jade = window.jade || {}; jade.helpers = window.$h; jade._ = window._; </script>  <script id="tag-manager-head-root">(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer_old','GTM-5G9JF7Z');</script>  <script> window.gptadslots = []; window.googletag = window.googletag || {}; window.googletag.cmd = window.googletag.cmd || []; </script> <script type="text/javascript"> // TODO(jacob): This should be defined, may be rare load order problem. // Checking if null is just a quick fix, will default to en if unset. // Better fix is to run this immedietely after I18n is set. if (window.I18n != null) { I18n.defaultLocale = "en"; I18n.locale = "en"; I18n.fallbacks = true; } </script> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_integration" /> </head>   <body class='c-by_tag a-show_one logged_out u-bgColorWhite'>  <div id="fb-root"></div><script>window.fbAsyncInit = function() { FB.init({ appId: "2369844204", version: "v8.0", status: true, cookie: true, xfbml: true }); // Additional initialization code. if (window.InitFacebook) { // facebook.ts already loaded, set it up. window.InitFacebook(); } else { // Set a flag for facebook.ts to find when it loads. window.academiaAuthReadyFacebook = true; } };</script><script>window.fbAsyncLoad = function() { // Protection against double calling of this function if (window.FB) { return; } (function(d, s, id){ var js, fjs = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0]; if (d.getElementById(id)) {return;} js = d.createElement(s); js.id = id; js.src = "//connect.facebook.net/en_US/sdk.js"; fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs); }(document, 'script', 'facebook-jssdk')); } if (!window.defer_facebook) { // Autoload if not deferred window.fbAsyncLoad(); } else { // Defer loading by 5 seconds setTimeout(function() { window.fbAsyncLoad(); }, 5000); }</script> <div id="google-root"></div><script>window.loadGoogle = function() { if (window.InitGoogle) { // google.ts already loaded, set it up. window.InitGoogle("331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b"); } else { // Set a flag for google.ts to use when it loads. window.GoogleClientID = "331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b"; } };</script><script>window.googleAsyncLoad = function() { // Protection against double calling of this function (function(d) { var js; var id = 'google-jssdk'; var ref = d.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; if (d.getElementById(id)) { return; } js = d.createElement('script'); js.id = id; js.async = true; js.onload = loadGoogle; js.src = "https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client" ref.parentNode.insertBefore(js, ref); }(document)); } if (!window.defer_google) { // Autoload if not deferred window.googleAsyncLoad(); } else { // Defer loading by 5 seconds setTimeout(function() { window.googleAsyncLoad(); }, 5000); }</script> <div id="tag-manager-body-root">  <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-5G9JF7Z" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>   <script> window.addEventListener('load', function() { if (document.querySelector('input[name="commit"]')) { document.querySelector('input[name="commit"]').addEventListener('click', function() { gtag('event', 'click', { event_category: 'button', event_label: 'Log In' }) }) } }); </script> </div> <script>var _comscore = _comscore || []; _comscore.push({ c1: "2", c2: "26766707" }); (function() { var s = document.createElement("script"), el = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; s.async = true; s.src = (document.location.protocol == "https:" ? "https://sb" : "http://b") + ".scorecardresearch.com/beacon.js"; el.parentNode.insertBefore(s, el); })();</script><img src="https://sb.scorecardresearch.com/p?c1=2&c2=26766707&cv=2.0&cj=1" style="position: absolute; visibility: hidden" /> <div id='react-modal'></div> <div class='DesignSystem'> <a class='u-showOnFocus' href='#site'> Skip to main content </a> </div> <div id="upgrade_ie_banner" style="display: none;"><p>Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer.</p><p>To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to <a href="https://www.academia.edu/upgrade-browser">upgrade your browser</a>.</p></div><script>// Show this banner for all versions of IE if (!!window.MSInputMethodContext || /(MSIE)/.test(navigator.userAgent)) { document.getElementById('upgrade_ie_banner').style.display = 'block'; }</script> <div class="DesignSystem bootstrap ShrinkableNav no-sm no-md"><div class="navbar navbar-default main-header"><div class="container-wrapper" id="main-header-container"><div class="container"><div class="navbar-header"><div class="nav-left-wrapper u-mt0x"><div class="nav-logo"><a data-main-header-link-target="logo_home" href="https://www.academia.edu/"><img class="visible-xs-inline-block" style="height: 24px;" alt="Academia.edu" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-redesign-2015-A.svg" width="24" height="24" /><img width="145.2" height="18" class="hidden-xs" style="height: 24px;" alt="Academia.edu" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-redesign-2015.svg" /></a></div><div class="nav-search"><div class="SiteSearch-wrapper select2-no-default-pills"><form class="js-SiteSearch-form DesignSystem" action="https://www.academia.edu/search" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="get"><i class="SiteSearch-icon fa fa-search u-fw700 u-positionAbsolute u-tcGrayDark"></i><input class="js-SiteSearch-form-input SiteSearch-form-input form-control" data-main-header-click-target="search_input" name="q" placeholder="Search" type="text" value="" /></form></div></div></div><div class="nav-right-wrapper pull-right"><ul class="NavLinks js-main-nav list-unstyled"><li class="NavLinks-link"><a class="js-header-login-url Button Button--inverseGray Button--sm u-mb4x" id="nav_log_in" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/login">Log In</a></li><li class="NavLinks-link u-p0x"><a class="Button Button--inverseGray Button--sm u-mb4x" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup">Sign Up</a></li></ul><button class="hidden-lg hidden-md hidden-sm u-ml4x navbar-toggle collapsed" data-target=".js-mobile-header-links" data-toggle="collapse" type="button"><span class="icon-bar"></span><span class="icon-bar"></span><span class="icon-bar"></span></button></div></div><div class="collapse navbar-collapse js-mobile-header-links"><ul class="nav navbar-nav"><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/login">Log In</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup">Sign Up</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1 js-mobile-nav-expand-trigger"><a href="#">more&nbsp<span class="caret"></span></a></li><li><ul class="js-mobile-nav-expand-section nav navbar-nav u-m0x collapse"><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="false" href="https://www.academia.edu/about">About</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/press">Press</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="false" href="https://www.academia.edu/documents">Papers</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/terms">Terms</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/privacy">Privacy</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/copyright">Copyright</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/hiring"><i class="fa fa-briefcase"></i> We're Hiring!</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://support.academia.edu/hc/en-us"><i class="fa fa-question-circle"></i> Help Center</a></li><li class="js-mobile-nav-collapse-trigger u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1 dropup" style="display:none"><a href="#">less&nbsp<span class="caret"></span></a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div><script>(function(){ var $moreLink = $(".js-mobile-nav-expand-trigger"); var $lessLink = $(".js-mobile-nav-collapse-trigger"); var $section = $('.js-mobile-nav-expand-section'); $moreLink.click(function(ev){ ev.preventDefault(); $moreLink.hide(); $lessLink.show(); $section.collapse('show'); }); $lessLink.click(function(ev){ ev.preventDefault(); $moreLink.show(); $lessLink.hide(); $section.collapse('hide'); }); })() if ($a.is_logged_in() || false) { new Aedu.NavigationController({ el: '.js-main-nav', showHighlightedNotification: false }); } else { $(".js-header-login-url").attr("href", $a.loginUrlWithRedirect()); } Aedu.autocompleteSearch = new AutocompleteSearch({el: '.js-SiteSearch-form'});</script></div></div> <div id='site' class='fixed'> <div id="content" class="clearfix"> <script>document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function(){ var $dismissible = $(".dismissible_banner"); $dismissible.click(function(ev) { $dismissible.hide(); }); });</script> <div class="DesignSystem" style="margin-top:-40px"><div class="PageHeader"><div class="container"><div class="row"><style type="text/css">.sor-abstract { display: -webkit-box; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; -webkit-line-clamp: 3; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; }</style><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><div class="u-floatLeft"><h1 class="PageHeader-title u-m0x u-fs30">Economic integration</h1><div class="u-tcGrayDark">41,120 Followers</div><div class="u-tcGrayDark u-mt2x">Recent papers in <b>Economic integration</b></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="TabbedNavigation"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><ul class="nav u-m0x u-p0x list-inline u-displayFlex"><li class="active"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_integration">Top Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_integration/MostCited">Most Cited Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_integration/MostDownloaded">Most Downloaded Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_integration/MostRecent">Newest Papers</a></li><li><a class="" href="https://www.academia.edu/People/Economic_integration">People</a></li></ul></div><style type="text/css">ul.nav{flex-direction:row}@media(max-width: 567px){ul.nav{flex-direction:column}.TabbedNavigation li{max-width:100%}.TabbedNavigation li.active{background-color:var(--background-grey, #dddde2)}.TabbedNavigation li.active:before,.TabbedNavigation li.active:after{display:none}}</style></div></div></div><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12"><div class="u-displayFlex"><div class="u-flexGrow1"><div class="works"><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_64666250" data-work_id="64666250" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/64666250/Development_of_techno_economic_integrated_models_LFSGR_and_aerobic_composting_for_municipal_waste_management">Development of techno-economic integrated models: LFSGR and aerobic composting for municipal waste management</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In the present study, integrated models have been developed to find out the most appropriate cost of municipal solid waste (MSW) disposal using two potential and widely used methodologies, viz. landfill system with gas recovery (LFSGR)... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_64666250" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In the present study, integrated models have been developed to find out the most appropriate cost of municipal solid waste (MSW) disposal using two potential and widely used methodologies, viz. landfill system with gas recovery (LFSGR) and aerobic composting (AC). Objective functions with important costs and benefits including externalities were developed to find out the net unit cost of disposal. Multivariate functional models have been developed for each activity of the objective functions. These integrated techno-economic models can be used not only to determine the most appropriate cost of waste disposal, but also to explain the interparametric linkages and even to compare the potentiality and suitability of a particular methodology for a set of conditions. This can give valuable information that can enhance environmental management leading to sustainable development.In the simulation studies carried out, LFSGR with its proven energy generating potential from MSW in the form of ...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/64666250" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="fc79704c254a4c591fd0b91d6e01c120" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":76596465,"asset_id":64666250,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/76596465/download_file?st=MTc0MDA0ODY0Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="184623168" href="https://independent.academia.edu/YedlaSudhakar">Sudhakar Yedla</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="184623168" type="text/json">{"id":184623168,"first_name":"Sudhakar","last_name":"Yedla","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"YedlaSudhakar","display_name":"Sudhakar Yedla","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/YedlaSudhakar?f_ri=16681","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/184623168/51131882/39190838/s65_sudhakar.yedla.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_64666250 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="64666250"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 64666250, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_64666250", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_64666250 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 64666250; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_64666250"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_64666250 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="64666250"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 64666250; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=64666250]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_64666250").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_64666250").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="64666250"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="402" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science">Environmental Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="402" type="text/json">{"id":402,"name":"Environmental Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4524" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Development">Sustainable Development</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4524" type="text/json">{"id":4524,"name":"Sustainable Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Development?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7609" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Management">Environmental Management</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7609" type="text/json">{"id":7609,"name":"Environmental Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Management?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14085" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Waste_Management">Waste Management</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="14085" type="text/json">{"id":14085,"name":"Waste Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Waste_Management?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=64666250]'), work: {"id":64666250,"title":"Development of techno-economic integrated models: LFSGR and aerobic composting for municipal waste management","created_at":"2021-12-16T17:58:12.507-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/64666250/Development_of_techno_economic_integrated_models_LFSGR_and_aerobic_composting_for_municipal_waste_management?f_ri=16681","dom_id":"work_64666250","summary":"In the present study, integrated models have been developed to find out the most appropriate cost of municipal solid waste (MSW) disposal using two potential and widely used methodologies, viz. landfill system with gas recovery (LFSGR) and aerobic composting (AC). Objective functions with important costs and benefits including externalities were developed to find out the net unit cost of disposal. Multivariate functional models have been developed for each activity of the objective functions. These integrated techno-economic models can be used not only to determine the most appropriate cost of waste disposal, but also to explain the interparametric linkages and even to compare the potentiality and suitability of a particular methodology for a set of conditions. This can give valuable information that can enhance environmental management leading to sustainable development.In the simulation studies carried out, LFSGR with its proven energy generating potential from MSW in the form of ...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":76596465,"asset_id":64666250,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":184623168,"first_name":"Sudhakar","last_name":"Yedla","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"YedlaSudhakar","display_name":"Sudhakar Yedla","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/YedlaSudhakar?f_ri=16681","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/184623168/51131882/39190838/s65_sudhakar.yedla.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":402,"name":"Environmental Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":4524,"name":"Sustainable Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Development?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":7609,"name":"Environmental Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Management?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":14085,"name":"Waste Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Waste_Management?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":16681,"name":"Economic integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_integration?f_ri=16681"},{"id":27659,"name":"Applied Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Economics?f_ri=16681"},{"id":31910,"name":"Municipal Solid Waste","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Municipal_Solid_Waste?f_ri=16681"},{"id":81085,"name":"Waste Disposal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Waste_Disposal?f_ri=16681"},{"id":509785,"name":"Simulation Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Simulation_Study?f_ri=16681"},{"id":536693,"name":"Economic Model","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_Model?f_ri=16681"},{"id":1134706,"name":"Landfill Gas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Landfill_Gas?f_ri=16681"},{"id":1353931,"name":"Costs and Benefits","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Costs_and_Benefits?f_ri=16681"},{"id":1957240,"name":"ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ENVIRONMENTAL_SCIENCE_AND_MANAGEMENT?f_ri=16681"},{"id":2421822,"name":"Objective function","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Objective_function?f_ri=16681"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_53532356" data-work_id="53532356" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/53532356/Journal_of_International_Business_Studies">Journal of International Business Studies</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">We combine data on international trade linkages with network methods to examine the global trading system as an interdependent complex network. We map the topology of the international trade network and suggest new network based measures... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_53532356" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">We combine data on international trade linkages with network methods to examine the global trading system as an interdependent complex network. We map the topology of the international trade network and suggest new network based measures of international economic integration, at both a global system-wide level and a local country-level. We develop network based measures that incorporate not only the</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/53532356" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="039a5f5c3abca620a400a0b1311be229" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":70332334,"asset_id":53532356,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/70332334/download_file?st=MTc0MDA0ODY0Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="169376621" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JavierReyes401">Javier Reyes</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="169376621" type="text/json">{"id":169376621,"first_name":"Javier","last_name":"Reyes","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JavierReyes401","display_name":"Javier Reyes","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JavierReyes401?f_ri=16681","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_53532356 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="53532356"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 53532356, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_53532356", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_53532356 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 53532356; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_53532356"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_53532356 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="53532356"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 53532356; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=53532356]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_53532356").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_53532356").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="53532356"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="39" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing">Marketing</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="39" type="text/json">{"id":39,"name":"Marketing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2074" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Business">International Business</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2074" type="text/json">{"id":2074,"name":"International Business","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Business?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3180" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Trade">International Trade</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3180" type="text/json">{"id":3180,"name":"International Trade","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Trade?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4484" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_Growth">Economic Growth</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="4484" type="text/json">{"id":4484,"name":"Economic Growth","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_Growth?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=53532356]'), work: {"id":53532356,"title":"Journal of International Business Studies","created_at":"2021-09-27T08:39:27.959-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/53532356/Journal_of_International_Business_Studies?f_ri=16681","dom_id":"work_53532356","summary":"We combine data on international trade linkages with network methods to examine the global trading system as an interdependent complex network. We map the topology of the international trade network and suggest new network based measures of international economic integration, at both a global system-wide level and a local country-level. We develop network based measures that incorporate not only the","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":70332334,"asset_id":53532356,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":169376621,"first_name":"Javier","last_name":"Reyes","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JavierReyes401","display_name":"Javier Reyes","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JavierReyes401?f_ri=16681","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":39,"name":"Marketing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":2074,"name":"International Business","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Business?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":3180,"name":"International Trade","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Trade?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":4484,"name":"Economic Growth","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_Growth?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":16681,"name":"Economic integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_integration?f_ri=16681"},{"id":27659,"name":"Applied Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Economics?f_ri=16681"},{"id":49646,"name":"Protein Structure and Function","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Protein_Structure_and_Function?f_ri=16681"},{"id":73149,"name":"Business and Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_and_Management?f_ri=16681"},{"id":99499,"name":"Complex network","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Complex_network?f_ri=16681"},{"id":99975,"name":"Business studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_studies?f_ri=16681"},{"id":402530,"name":"Trading System","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Trading_System?f_ri=16681"},{"id":570731,"name":"Business Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_Culture?f_ri=16681"},{"id":839940,"name":"Trade Volume","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Trade_Volume?f_ri=16681"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_27539299" data-work_id="27539299" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/27539299/Institution_Building_and_the_Integration_of_Eastern_Europe_in_International_Production">Institution Building and the Integration of Eastern Europe in International Production</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Using a dataset detailing FDI flows from market economies to transition economies we examine two aspects FDI inflow determinants given insufficient prior attention: labour costs and institutional development. We find low unit labour costs... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_27539299" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Using a dataset detailing FDI flows from market economies to transition economies we examine two aspects FDI inflow determinants given insufficient prior attention: labour costs and institutional development. We find low unit labour costs and aggregate institutional development enhance FDI receipts. Examining disaggregated development indicators identifies specific institutions that positively influence FDI: private sector development, banking sector reform, price, foreign exchange and trade liberalisation, and legal development. Conversely we find non-bank financial sector development and competition policy do not enhance FDI. Our analysis highlights that Russian FDI receipts have suffered from a gap between extensiveness and effectiveness of legal reform.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/27539299" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e9439164d514d257f5a401d14ec64d95" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":47793001,"asset_id":27539299,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47793001/download_file?st=MTc0MDA0ODY0Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="51702808" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MeyerKlaus">Klaus Meyer</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="51702808" type="text/json">{"id":51702808,"first_name":"Klaus","last_name":"Meyer","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MeyerKlaus","display_name":"Klaus Meyer","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MeyerKlaus?f_ri=16681","photo":"https://gravatar.com/avatar/bc05e580d42bab1f3accb319349c8792?s=65"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_27539299 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="27539299"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 27539299, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_27539299", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_27539299 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 27539299; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_27539299"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_27539299 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="27539299"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 27539299; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=27539299]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_27539299").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_27539299").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="27539299"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business">Business</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="26" type="text/json">{"id":26,"name":"Business","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1199" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eastern_Europe">Eastern Europe</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1199" type="text/json">{"id":1199,"name":"Eastern Europe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eastern_Europe?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8759" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Foreign_Direct_Investment">Foreign Direct Investment</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8759" type="text/json">{"id":8759,"name":"Foreign Direct Investment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Foreign_Direct_Investment?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16681" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_integration">Economic integration</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="16681" type="text/json">{"id":16681,"name":"Economic integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_integration?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=27539299]'), work: {"id":27539299,"title":"Institution Building and the Integration of Eastern Europe in International Production","created_at":"2016-08-04T11:07:33.620-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/27539299/Institution_Building_and_the_Integration_of_Eastern_Europe_in_International_Production?f_ri=16681","dom_id":"work_27539299","summary":"Using a dataset detailing FDI flows from market economies to transition economies we examine two aspects FDI inflow determinants given insufficient prior attention: labour costs and institutional development. We find low unit labour costs and aggregate institutional development enhance FDI receipts. Examining disaggregated development indicators identifies specific institutions that positively influence FDI: private sector development, banking sector reform, price, foreign exchange and trade liberalisation, and legal development. Conversely we find non-bank financial sector development and competition policy do not enhance FDI. Our analysis highlights that Russian FDI receipts have suffered from a gap between extensiveness and effectiveness of legal reform.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":47793001,"asset_id":27539299,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":51702808,"first_name":"Klaus","last_name":"Meyer","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MeyerKlaus","display_name":"Klaus Meyer","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MeyerKlaus?f_ri=16681","photo":"https://gravatar.com/avatar/bc05e580d42bab1f3accb319349c8792?s=65"}],"research_interests":[{"id":26,"name":"Business","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":1199,"name":"Eastern Europe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eastern_Europe?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":8759,"name":"Foreign Direct Investment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Foreign_Direct_Investment?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":16681,"name":"Economic integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_integration?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":741604,"name":"East Central Europe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/East_Central_Europe?f_ri=16681"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_32390147" data-work_id="32390147" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/32390147/Tracking_Sustainability_in_Free_Trade_Agreements_Issues_of_Interest_for_the_Commonwealth">Tracking Sustainability in Free Trade Agreements: Issues of Interest for the Commonwealth</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The scale of the challenge posed by the recent universal adoption of the 2030 Agenda and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in relation to the achievement of economic, social and environmental objectives is formidable. In order to... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_32390147" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The scale of the challenge posed by the recent universal adoption of the 2030 Agenda and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in relation to the achievement of economic, social and environmental objectives is formidable. In order to achieve the trade-related targets included in the 2030 Agenda and SDGs, understanding the trade policy levers with the most potential to advance them remains critical for policy makers. This includes at the bilateral as well as regional level. In this paper, the inclusion of criteria related to sustainable development within free trade agreements (FTAs) is critically reviewed. Through this analysis, the demand for greater coherence amongst levels of trade policy becomes obvious in order to more effectively promote the 2030 Agenda. Finally, impact assessments and review mechanisms will also need to be bolstered.<br /><br />Commonwealth International Trade Working Paper 2017/01<br /><br />© The Commonwealth, London<br />FULL TEXT: <a href="http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/commonwealth/trade/international-trade-working-paper_24133175" rel="nofollow">http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/commonwealth/trade/international-trade-working-paper_24133175</a></div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/32390147" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c1b0125fc2f495146335788cb3294d23" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":52590901,"asset_id":32390147,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/52590901/download_file?st=MTc0MDA0ODY0Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="46639175" href="https://independent.academia.edu/FabrizioMeliado">Fabrizio Meliadò</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="46639175" type="text/json">{"id":46639175,"first_name":"Fabrizio","last_name":"Meliadò","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"FabrizioMeliado","display_name":"Fabrizio Meliadò","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/FabrizioMeliado?f_ri=16681","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/46639175/12329951/16709795/s65_fabrizio.meliado.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_32390147 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="32390147"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 32390147, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_32390147", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_32390147 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 32390147; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_32390147"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_32390147 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="32390147"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 32390147; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=32390147]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_32390147").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_32390147").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="32390147"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">15</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="797" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations">International Relations</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="797" type="text/json">{"id":797,"name":"International Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4524" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Development">Sustainable Development</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4524" type="text/json">{"id":4524,"name":"Sustainable Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Development?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16681" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_integration">Economic integration</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="16681" type="text/json">{"id":16681,"name":"Economic integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_integration?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="18845" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sustainability">Environmental Sustainability</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="18845" type="text/json">{"id":18845,"name":"Environmental Sustainability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sustainability?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=32390147]'), work: {"id":32390147,"title":"Tracking Sustainability in Free Trade Agreements: Issues of Interest for the Commonwealth","created_at":"2017-04-12T01:15:11.784-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/32390147/Tracking_Sustainability_in_Free_Trade_Agreements_Issues_of_Interest_for_the_Commonwealth?f_ri=16681","dom_id":"work_32390147","summary":"The scale of the challenge posed by the recent universal adoption of the 2030 Agenda and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in relation to the achievement of economic, social and environmental objectives is formidable. In order to achieve the trade-related targets included in the 2030 Agenda and SDGs, understanding the trade policy levers with the most potential to advance them remains critical for policy makers. This includes at the bilateral as well as regional level. In this paper, the inclusion of criteria related to sustainable development within free trade agreements (FTAs) is critically reviewed. Through this analysis, the demand for greater coherence amongst levels of trade policy becomes obvious in order to more effectively promote the 2030 Agenda. Finally, impact assessments and review mechanisms will also need to be bolstered.\n\nCommonwealth International Trade Working Paper 2017/01\n\n© The Commonwealth, London\nFULL TEXT: http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/commonwealth/trade/international-trade-working-paper_24133175 ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":52590901,"asset_id":32390147,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":46639175,"first_name":"Fabrizio","last_name":"Meliadò","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"FabrizioMeliado","display_name":"Fabrizio Meliadò","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/FabrizioMeliado?f_ri=16681","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/46639175/12329951/16709795/s65_fabrizio.meliado.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":797,"name":"International Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":4524,"name":"Sustainable Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Development?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":16681,"name":"Economic integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_integration?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":18845,"name":"Environmental Sustainability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sustainability?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":19287,"name":"International trade law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_trade_law?f_ri=16681"},{"id":20159,"name":"Capacity Building","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Capacity_Building?f_ri=16681"},{"id":25072,"name":"Social sustainability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_sustainability?f_ri=16681"},{"id":82413,"name":"Trade Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Trade_Policy?f_ri=16681"},{"id":97103,"name":"Free trade agreements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Free_trade_agreements?f_ri=16681"},{"id":108363,"name":"Regional Trade Agreements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Trade_Agreements?f_ri=16681"},{"id":128693,"name":"Economic Sustainability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_Sustainability?f_ri=16681"},{"id":132900,"name":"Commonwealth and Postcolonial Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Commonwealth_and_Postcolonial_Literature?f_ri=16681"},{"id":238899,"name":"Blue Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Blue_Economy?f_ri=16681"},{"id":622592,"name":"E-Commerce","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/E-Commerce?f_ri=16681"},{"id":1958655,"name":"Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Development_Goals_SDGs_?f_ri=16681"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_55136196" data-work_id="55136196" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/55136196/Chinese_Strategies_for_Resolution_of_the_Taiwan_and_South_China_Sea_Disputes">Chinese Strategies for Resolution of the Taiwan and South China Sea Disputes</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/55136196" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f0cbcc22796f723a8482f399e7836469" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":71153097,"asset_id":55136196,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/71153097/download_file?st=MTc0MDA0ODY0Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="63444935" href="https://independent.academia.edu/sonikagupta6">sonika gupta</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="63444935" type="text/json">{"id":63444935,"first_name":"sonika","last_name":"gupta","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"sonikagupta6","display_name":"sonika gupta","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/sonikagupta6?f_ri=16681","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/63444935/28470377/26624438/s65_sonika.gupta.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_55136196 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="55136196"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 55136196, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_55136196", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_55136196 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 55136196; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_55136196"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_55136196 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="55136196"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 55136196; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=55136196]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_55136196").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_55136196").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="55136196"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="188" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Studies">Cultural Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="188" type="text/json">{"id":188,"name":"Cultural Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Studies?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6707" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Foreign_Policy">Foreign Policy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6707" type="text/json">{"id":6707,"name":"Foreign Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Foreign_Policy?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10220" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_policy">Economic policy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10220" type="text/json">{"id":10220,"name":"Economic policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_policy?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10422" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/National_Identity">National Identity</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="10422" type="text/json">{"id":10422,"name":"National Identity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/National_Identity?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=55136196]'), work: {"id":55136196,"title":"Chinese Strategies for Resolution of the Taiwan and South China Sea Disputes","created_at":"2021-10-03T07:43:38.818-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/55136196/Chinese_Strategies_for_Resolution_of_the_Taiwan_and_South_China_Sea_Disputes?f_ri=16681","dom_id":"work_55136196","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":71153097,"asset_id":55136196,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":63444935,"first_name":"sonika","last_name":"gupta","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"sonikagupta6","display_name":"sonika gupta","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/sonikagupta6?f_ri=16681","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/63444935/28470377/26624438/s65_sonika.gupta.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":188,"name":"Cultural Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Studies?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":6707,"name":"Foreign Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Foreign_Policy?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":10220,"name":"Economic policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_policy?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":10422,"name":"National Identity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/National_Identity?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":16681,"name":"Economic integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_integration?f_ri=16681"},{"id":34411,"name":"Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Studies?f_ri=16681"},{"id":82703,"name":"South China Sea","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_China_Sea?f_ri=16681"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_12635510" data-work_id="12635510" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12635510/A_kalman_filter_gravity_equation_approach_to_assess_the_trade_impact_of_economic_integration_The_case_of_Spain_1986_1992">A kalman filter-gravity equation approach to assess the trade impact of economic integration: The case of Spain, 1986–1992</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/12635510" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1cd0db6c66cac35737d4de2c28186334" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":46035803,"asset_id":12635510,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46035803/download_file?st=MTc0MDA0ODY0Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="31606621" href="https://unizar.academia.edu/FernandoSanz">Fernando Sanz</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="31606621" type="text/json">{"id":31606621,"first_name":"Fernando","last_name":"Sanz","domain_name":"unizar","page_name":"FernandoSanz","display_name":"Fernando Sanz","profile_url":"https://unizar.academia.edu/FernandoSanz?f_ri=16681","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_12635510 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="12635510"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12635510, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_12635510", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_12635510 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12635510; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_12635510"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_12635510 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="12635510"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12635510; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12635510]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_12635510").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_12635510").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="12635510"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16681" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_integration">Economic integration</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="16681" type="text/json">{"id":16681,"name":"Economic integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_integration?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="27659" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Economics">Applied Economics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="27659" type="text/json">{"id":27659,"name":"Applied Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Economics?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="49146" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kalman_Filter">Kalman Filter</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="49146" type="text/json">{"id":49146,"name":"Kalman Filter","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kalman_Filter?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="49963" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gravity_Equation">Gravity Equation</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="49963" type="text/json">{"id":49963,"name":"Gravity Equation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gravity_Equation?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=12635510]'), work: {"id":12635510,"title":"A kalman filter-gravity equation approach to assess the trade impact of economic integration: The case of Spain, 1986–1992","created_at":"2015-05-27T12:45:28.791-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/12635510/A_kalman_filter_gravity_equation_approach_to_assess_the_trade_impact_of_economic_integration_The_case_of_Spain_1986_1992?f_ri=16681","dom_id":"work_12635510","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":46035803,"asset_id":12635510,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":31606621,"first_name":"Fernando","last_name":"Sanz","domain_name":"unizar","page_name":"FernandoSanz","display_name":"Fernando Sanz","profile_url":"https://unizar.academia.edu/FernandoSanz?f_ri=16681","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":16681,"name":"Economic integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_integration?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":27659,"name":"Applied Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Economics?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":49146,"name":"Kalman Filter","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kalman_Filter?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":49963,"name":"Gravity Equation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gravity_Equation?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":70359,"name":"World Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/World_Economics?f_ri=16681"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_18562811 coauthored" data-work_id="18562811" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/18562811/Commerce_et_IDE_dans_un_cadre_de_r%C3%A9gionalisation_Le_cas_du_Mercosur">Commerce et IDE dans un cadre de régionalisation: Le cas du Mercosur</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Commerce et IDE dans un cadre de régionalisation. Le cas du Mercosur In: Revue économique. Volume 51, n°3, 2000. pp. 761-774. Résumé Depuis le début de la décennie, les pays du Mercosur ont connu une forte croissance des échanges et des... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_18562811" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Commerce et IDE dans un cadre de régionalisation. Le cas du Mercosur In: Revue économique. Volume 51, n°3, 2000. pp. 761-774. Résumé Depuis le début de la décennie, les pays du Mercosur ont connu une forte croissance des échanges et des investissements directs étrangers (IDE). Nous examinons les liens entre les IDE, le commerce et l'intégration régionale dans le cadre de la formation du Mercosur, à l'aide d'équations gravitationnelles. Nos estimations prennent en considération le processus d'intégration régionale et portent sur les flux d'échanges et d'IDE entre les pays du Mercosur et ceux de l'OCDE sur la période 1985-1997. Nos résultats indiquent une relation clairement positive entre les IDE et les échanges. Ils ne sont toutefois pas concluants en ce qui concerne l'influence de l'intégration régionale comme facteur explicatif de la croissance des IDE. Abstract Trade, FDI and regional integration in the Mercosur In the 90's, the Mercosur countries experienced a strong growth of trade and foreign direct investment (FDI). To examine the relationship between FDI, trade and regional integration in the Mercosur, we test two gravitational equations on trade and FDI flows between Mercosur and OECD members during the period 1985-1997, which take into account the regional integration agreement. Our results show a positive link between FDI and trade flows but are mitigated on the impact of the economic integration on FDI. Citer ce document / Cite this document : Castilho Marta, Zignago Soledad. Commerce et IDE dans un cadre de régionalisation. Le cas du Mercosur. In: Revue économique.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/18562811" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="16cedb9cf84c0bfa9c0dfa463ac3c56f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":40130315,"asset_id":18562811,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40130315/download_file?st=MTc0MDA0ODY0Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="38599713" href="https://univ-paris1.academia.edu/SoledadZignago">Soledad Zignago</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="38599713" type="text/json">{"id":38599713,"first_name":"Soledad","last_name":"Zignago","domain_name":"univ-paris1","page_name":"SoledadZignago","display_name":"Soledad Zignago","profile_url":"https://univ-paris1.academia.edu/SoledadZignago?f_ri=16681","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-18562811">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-18562811"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://ufrj.academia.edu/MartaCastilho">Marta R Castilho</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-18562811'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-18562811').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_18562811 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="18562811"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 18562811, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_18562811", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_18562811 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 18562811; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_18562811"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_18562811 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="18562811"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 18562811; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=18562811]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_18562811").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_18562811").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="18562811"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6208" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_Theory">Economic Theory</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6208" type="text/json">{"id":6208,"name":"Economic Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_Theory?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8759" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Foreign_Direct_Investment">Foreign Direct Investment</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8759" type="text/json">{"id":8759,"name":"Foreign Direct Investment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Foreign_Direct_Investment?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16681" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_integration">Economic integration</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="16681" type="text/json">{"id":16681,"name":"Economic integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_integration?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28046" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Integration">Regional Integration</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="28046" type="text/json">{"id":28046,"name":"Regional Integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Integration?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=18562811]'), work: {"id":18562811,"title":"Commerce et IDE dans un cadre de régionalisation: Le cas du Mercosur","created_at":"2015-11-18T00:48:40.355-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/18562811/Commerce_et_IDE_dans_un_cadre_de_r%C3%A9gionalisation_Le_cas_du_Mercosur?f_ri=16681","dom_id":"work_18562811","summary":"Commerce et IDE dans un cadre de régionalisation. Le cas du Mercosur In: Revue économique. Volume 51, n°3, 2000. pp. 761-774. Résumé Depuis le début de la décennie, les pays du Mercosur ont connu une forte croissance des échanges et des investissements directs étrangers (IDE). Nous examinons les liens entre les IDE, le commerce et l'intégration régionale dans le cadre de la formation du Mercosur, à l'aide d'équations gravitationnelles. Nos estimations prennent en considération le processus d'intégration régionale et portent sur les flux d'échanges et d'IDE entre les pays du Mercosur et ceux de l'OCDE sur la période 1985-1997. Nos résultats indiquent une relation clairement positive entre les IDE et les échanges. Ils ne sont toutefois pas concluants en ce qui concerne l'influence de l'intégration régionale comme facteur explicatif de la croissance des IDE. Abstract Trade, FDI and regional integration in the Mercosur In the 90's, the Mercosur countries experienced a strong growth of trade and foreign direct investment (FDI). To examine the relationship between FDI, trade and regional integration in the Mercosur, we test two gravitational equations on trade and FDI flows between Mercosur and OECD members during the period 1985-1997, which take into account the regional integration agreement. Our results show a positive link between FDI and trade flows but are mitigated on the impact of the economic integration on FDI. Citer ce document / Cite this document : Castilho Marta, Zignago Soledad. Commerce et IDE dans un cadre de régionalisation. Le cas du Mercosur. In: Revue économique.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":40130315,"asset_id":18562811,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":38599713,"first_name":"Soledad","last_name":"Zignago","domain_name":"univ-paris1","page_name":"SoledadZignago","display_name":"Soledad Zignago","profile_url":"https://univ-paris1.academia.edu/SoledadZignago?f_ri=16681","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":33904934,"first_name":"Marta","last_name":"Castilho","domain_name":"ufrj","page_name":"MartaCastilho","display_name":"Marta R Castilho","profile_url":"https://ufrj.academia.edu/MartaCastilho?f_ri=16681","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/33904934/15857797/43140053/s65_marta.castilho.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":6208,"name":"Economic Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_Theory?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":8759,"name":"Foreign Direct Investment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Foreign_Direct_Investment?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":16681,"name":"Economic integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_integration?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":28046,"name":"Regional Integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Integration?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_43182521" data-work_id="43182521" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/43182521/Comparative_analysis_of_the_process_of_economic_integration_of_EU_and_ASEAN">Comparative analysis of the process of economic integration of EU and ASEAN</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The birth of the EU (European Union) and ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) is nearly two decades apart but both organizations are strongly influenced by the bipolar world in the time of cold war. However, after more than 60... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_43182521" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The birth of the EU (European Union) and ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) is nearly two decades apart but both organizations are strongly influenced by the bipolar world in the time of cold war. However, after more than 60 years of EU development, it is recognized by the world as the most successful regional, economic and political association. In contrast, ASEAN is initially established with 5 members: Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines with the first motive of<br />cooperation and coordination on security and politics. Although established with the same purpose, both organizations have different goals and integration principles from which to bring about different achievements. The paper analyzes and compares<br />deeply the process of international economic integration of countries in the EU and ASEAN.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/43182521" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1e485437fc958c0314866c7030f5ea13" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":63448676,"asset_id":43182521,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63448676/download_file?st=MTc0MDA0ODY0Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="141923228" href="https://wsb-gdansk.academia.edu/NguyenHoangTIEN">Hoang-Tien Nguyen</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="141923228" type="text/json">{"id":141923228,"first_name":"Hoang-Tien","last_name":"Nguyen","domain_name":"wsb-gdansk","page_name":"NguyenHoangTIEN","display_name":"Hoang-Tien Nguyen","profile_url":"https://wsb-gdansk.academia.edu/NguyenHoangTIEN?f_ri=16681","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/141923228/38470437/73504459/s65_nguyen_hoang.tien.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_43182521 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="43182521"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 43182521, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_43182521", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_43182521 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43182521; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_43182521"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_43182521 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="43182521"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43182521; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=43182521]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_43182521").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_43182521").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="43182521"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10347" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Union">European Union</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10347" type="text/json">{"id":10347,"name":"European Union","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Union?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16681" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_integration">Economic integration</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="16681" type="text/json">{"id":16681,"name":"Economic integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_integration?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="38972" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ASEAN">ASEAN</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="38972" type="text/json">{"id":38972,"name":"ASEAN","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ASEAN?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=43182521]'), work: {"id":43182521,"title":"Comparative analysis of the process of economic integration of EU and ASEAN","created_at":"2020-05-27T21:17:15.151-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/43182521/Comparative_analysis_of_the_process_of_economic_integration_of_EU_and_ASEAN?f_ri=16681","dom_id":"work_43182521","summary":"The birth of the EU (European Union) and ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) is nearly two decades apart but both organizations are strongly influenced by the bipolar world in the time of cold war. However, after more than 60 years of EU development, it is recognized by the world as the most successful regional, economic and political association. In contrast, ASEAN is initially established with 5 members: Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines with the first motive of\ncooperation and coordination on security and politics. Although established with the same purpose, both organizations have different goals and integration principles from which to bring about different achievements. The paper analyzes and compares\ndeeply the process of international economic integration of countries in the EU and ASEAN.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":63448676,"asset_id":43182521,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":141923228,"first_name":"Hoang-Tien","last_name":"Nguyen","domain_name":"wsb-gdansk","page_name":"NguyenHoangTIEN","display_name":"Hoang-Tien Nguyen","profile_url":"https://wsb-gdansk.academia.edu/NguyenHoangTIEN?f_ri=16681","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/141923228/38470437/73504459/s65_nguyen_hoang.tien.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":10347,"name":"European Union","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Union?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":16681,"name":"Economic integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_integration?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":38972,"name":"ASEAN","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ASEAN?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_17707240" data-work_id="17707240" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/17707240/Economic_Integration_and_Convergence_Processes_in_the_EU_Cohesion_Countries">Economic Integration and Convergence Processes in the EU Cohesion Countries</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This article compares the economic performance of the EU cohesion countries -Greece, Spain, Portugal and Ireland -from 1960 to the present, in order to identify the processes that have promoted or inhibited real convergence prospects at... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_17707240" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This article compares the economic performance of the EU cohesion countries -Greece, Spain, Portugal and Ireland -from 1960 to the present, in order to identify the processes that have promoted or inhibited real convergence prospects at various points in time. The likely impacts of EMU in strengthening or weakening these processes are then analysed. Amongst the factors studied are labour-market performance, macroeconomic stability and the efficacy of microeconomic policy-making.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/17707240" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ec63389e1f421eb102ffb56320318b2a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":39667039,"asset_id":17707240,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/39667039/download_file?st=MTc0MDA0ODY0Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="37286855" href="https://independent.academia.edu/FrankBarry2">Frank Barry</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="37286855" type="text/json">{"id":37286855,"first_name":"Frank","last_name":"Barry","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"FrankBarry2","display_name":"Frank Barry","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/FrankBarry2?f_ri=16681","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_17707240 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="17707240"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 17707240, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_17707240", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_17707240 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 17707240; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_17707240"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_17707240 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="17707240"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 17707240; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=17707240]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_17707240").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_17707240").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="17707240"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="534" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law">Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="534" type="text/json">{"id":534,"name":"Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4486" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science">Political Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4486" type="text/json">{"id":4486,"name":"Political Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16681" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_integration">Economic integration</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="16681" type="text/json">{"id":16681,"name":"Economic integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_integration?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="54279" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Policy_making">Policy making</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="54279" type="text/json">{"id":54279,"name":"Policy making","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Policy_making?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=17707240]'), work: {"id":17707240,"title":"Economic Integration and Convergence Processes in the EU Cohesion Countries","created_at":"2015-11-03T23:59:53.655-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/17707240/Economic_Integration_and_Convergence_Processes_in_the_EU_Cohesion_Countries?f_ri=16681","dom_id":"work_17707240","summary":"This article compares the economic performance of the EU cohesion countries -Greece, Spain, Portugal and Ireland -from 1960 to the present, in order to identify the processes that have promoted or inhibited real convergence prospects at various points in time. The likely impacts of EMU in strengthening or weakening these processes are then analysed. Amongst the factors studied are labour-market performance, macroeconomic stability and the efficacy of microeconomic policy-making.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":39667039,"asset_id":17707240,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":37286855,"first_name":"Frank","last_name":"Barry","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"FrankBarry2","display_name":"Frank Barry","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/FrankBarry2?f_ri=16681","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":534,"name":"Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":4486,"name":"Political Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":16681,"name":"Economic integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_integration?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":54279,"name":"Policy making","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Policy_making?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":91117,"name":"Labour Market","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Labour_Market?f_ri=16681"},{"id":380315,"name":"Public Administration and Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Administration_and_Policy?f_ri=16681"},{"id":479603,"name":"Economic performance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_performance?f_ri=16681"},{"id":1121606,"name":"Macroeconomic Stability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Macroeconomic_Stability?f_ri=16681"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_49069096" data-work_id="49069096" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/49069096/M%C3%A9diation_interculturelle_en_entreprise_favoriser_linclusion_des_diversit%C3%A9s_dans_le_monde_du_travail">Médiation interculturelle en entreprise : favoriser l'inclusion des diversités dans le monde du travail</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Une version étendue de cette analyse est disponible dans Scheurette L. et Manço A. (2021), « "Médiation interculturelle en entreprise : favoriser l'inclusion des diversités dans le monde du travail », Manço A. et Scheurette L. (éds),... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_49069096" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Une version étendue de cette analyse est disponible dans Scheurette L. et Manço A. (2021), « "Médiation interculturelle en entreprise : favoriser l'inclusion des diversités dans le monde du travail », Manço A. et Scheurette L. (éds), L'inclusion des personnes d'origine étrangère sur le marché de l'emploi. Bilan des politiques en Wallonie ,</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/49069096" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c87081019efa1b716c5dd1aa76c4af64" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":67460426,"asset_id":49069096,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67460426/download_file?st=MTc0MDA0ODY0Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="344651" href="https://irfam.academia.edu/AltayAndMan%C3%A7o">Altay A Manço</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="344651" type="text/json">{"id":344651,"first_name":"Altay","last_name":"Manço","domain_name":"irfam","page_name":"AltayAndManço","display_name":"Altay A Manço","profile_url":"https://irfam.academia.edu/AltayAndMan%C3%A7o?f_ri=16681","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/344651/93936/104910/s65_altay_and.man_o.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_49069096 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="49069096"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 49069096, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_49069096", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_49069096 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 49069096; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_49069096"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_49069096 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="49069096"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 49069096; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=49069096]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_49069096").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_49069096").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="49069096"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10174" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mediation">Mediation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10174" type="text/json">{"id":10174,"name":"Mediation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mediation?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14730" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Migration_Studies">Migration Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="14730" type="text/json">{"id":14730,"name":"Migration Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Migration_Studies?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16681" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_integration">Economic integration</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="16681" type="text/json">{"id":16681,"name":"Economic integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_integration?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="19707" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Inclusion">Social Inclusion</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="19707" type="text/json">{"id":19707,"name":"Social Inclusion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Inclusion?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=49069096]'), work: {"id":49069096,"title":"Médiation interculturelle en entreprise : favoriser l'inclusion des diversités dans le monde du travail","created_at":"2021-05-29T15:07:05.752-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/49069096/M%C3%A9diation_interculturelle_en_entreprise_favoriser_linclusion_des_diversit%C3%A9s_dans_le_monde_du_travail?f_ri=16681","dom_id":"work_49069096","summary":"Une version étendue de cette analyse est disponible dans Scheurette L. et Manço A. (2021), « \"Médiation interculturelle en entreprise : favoriser l'inclusion des diversités dans le monde du travail », Manço A. et Scheurette L. (éds), L'inclusion des personnes d'origine étrangère sur le marché de l'emploi. Bilan des politiques en Wallonie ,","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":67460426,"asset_id":49069096,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":344651,"first_name":"Altay","last_name":"Manço","domain_name":"irfam","page_name":"AltayAndManço","display_name":"Altay A Manço","profile_url":"https://irfam.academia.edu/AltayAndMan%C3%A7o?f_ri=16681","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/344651/93936/104910/s65_altay_and.man_o.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":10174,"name":"Mediation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mediation?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":14730,"name":"Migration Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Migration_Studies?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":16681,"name":"Economic integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_integration?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":19707,"name":"Social Inclusion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Inclusion?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":519993,"name":"Intercuktural Communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intercuktural_Communication?f_ri=16681"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_38039406" data-work_id="38039406" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/38039406/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%8D%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F">Международная экономическая интеграция</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Вторая половина XX в. — начало XXI в. характеризуются все более возрастающей интернационализацией экономических связей и выходом производительных сил за пределы национальных границ государств. Для определения данного процесса, берущего... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_38039406" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Вторая половина XX в. — начало XXI в. характеризуются все более<br />возрастающей интернационализацией экономических связей и выходом производительных сил за пределы национальных границ государств. Для определения данного процесса, берущего свое начало в необходимости международного разделения труда и влекущего за собой усиление взаимозависимости национальных экономик государств мира, принято применять термин «международная экономическая интеграция».</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/38039406" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8c7e7e166b306db3f4100ae6efcade72" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":58063434,"asset_id":38039406,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58063434/download_file?st=MTc0MDA0ODY0Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="81524568" href="https://kimep.academia.edu/ZhenisKembayev">Zhenis Kembayev</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="81524568" type="text/json">{"id":81524568,"first_name":"Zhenis","last_name":"Kembayev","domain_name":"kimep","page_name":"ZhenisKembayev","display_name":"Zhenis Kembayev","profile_url":"https://kimep.academia.edu/ZhenisKembayev?f_ri=16681","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/81524568/19699076/19559782/s65_zhenis.kembayev.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_38039406 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="38039406"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38039406, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_38039406", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_38039406 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38039406; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_38039406"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_38039406 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="38039406"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38039406; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38039406]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_38039406").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_38039406").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="38039406"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16681" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_integration">Economic integration</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="16681" type="text/json">{"id":16681,"name":"Economic integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_integration?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28046" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Integration">Regional Integration</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="28046" type="text/json">{"id":28046,"name":"Regional Integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Integration?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=38039406]'), work: {"id":38039406,"title":"Международная экономическая интеграция","created_at":"2018-12-25T21:45:28.389-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/38039406/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%8D%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F?f_ri=16681","dom_id":"work_38039406","summary":"Вторая половина XX в. — начало XXI в. характеризуются все более\nвозрастающей интернационализацией экономических связей и выходом производительных сил за пределы национальных границ государств. Для определения данного процесса, берущего свое начало в необходимости международного разделения труда и влекущего за собой усиление взаимозависимости национальных экономик государств мира, принято применять термин «международная экономическая интеграция».","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":58063434,"asset_id":38039406,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":81524568,"first_name":"Zhenis","last_name":"Kembayev","domain_name":"kimep","page_name":"ZhenisKembayev","display_name":"Zhenis Kembayev","profile_url":"https://kimep.academia.edu/ZhenisKembayev?f_ri=16681","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/81524568/19699076/19559782/s65_zhenis.kembayev.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":16681,"name":"Economic integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_integration?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":28046,"name":"Regional Integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Integration?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1878853" data-work_id="1878853" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1878853/Community_Internet_access_in_rural_areas_Solving_the_economic_sustainability_puzzle">Community Internet access in rural areas: Solving the economic sustainability puzzle</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1878853" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c0c386d4841549b8c856954280b64e96" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50830065,"asset_id":1878853,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50830065/download_file?st=MTc0MDA0ODY0Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1594097" href="https://harvard.academia.edu/ColinMaclay">Colin Maclay</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1594097" type="text/json">{"id":1594097,"first_name":"Colin","last_name":"Maclay","domain_name":"harvard","page_name":"ColinMaclay","display_name":"Colin Maclay","profile_url":"https://harvard.academia.edu/ColinMaclay?f_ri=16681","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1594097/558181/696139/s65_colin.maclay.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1878853 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1878853"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1878853, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_1878853", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_1878853 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1878853; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_1878853"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_1878853 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="1878853"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1878853; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1878853]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_1878853").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_1878853").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="1878853"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1678" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustained_Attention">Sustained Attention</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1678" type="text/json">{"id":1678,"name":"Sustained Attention","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustained_Attention?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5547" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Policy">Policy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5547" type="text/json">{"id":5547,"name":"Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Policy?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7454" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Communication_Technology">Information Communication Technology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7454" type="text/json">{"id":7454,"name":"Information Communication Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Communication_Technology?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11395" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_Development">Economic Development</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="11395" type="text/json">{"id":11395,"name":"Economic Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_Development?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=1878853]'), work: {"id":1878853,"title":"Community Internet access in rural areas: Solving the economic sustainability puzzle","created_at":"2012-08-22T05:06:24.425-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/1878853/Community_Internet_access_in_rural_areas_Solving_the_economic_sustainability_puzzle?f_ri=16681","dom_id":"work_1878853","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50830065,"asset_id":1878853,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1594097,"first_name":"Colin","last_name":"Maclay","domain_name":"harvard","page_name":"ColinMaclay","display_name":"Colin Maclay","profile_url":"https://harvard.academia.edu/ColinMaclay?f_ri=16681","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1594097/558181/696139/s65_colin.maclay.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1678,"name":"Sustained Attention","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustained_Attention?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":5547,"name":"Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Policy?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":7454,"name":"Information Communication Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Communication_Technology?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":11395,"name":"Economic Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_Development?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":16681,"name":"Economic integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_integration?f_ri=16681"},{"id":43017,"name":"Civil Society","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Society?f_ri=16681"},{"id":56691,"name":"Rural Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rural_Health?f_ri=16681"},{"id":64106,"name":"Nongovernmental organizations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nongovernmental_organizations?f_ri=16681"},{"id":132270,"name":"Developing World","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Developing_World?f_ri=16681"},{"id":184944,"name":"Internet Access","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Internet_Access?f_ri=16681"},{"id":196268,"name":"Environmental degradation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_degradation?f_ri=16681"},{"id":466484,"name":"Private Sector","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Private_Sector?f_ri=16681"},{"id":647003,"name":"Rural Area","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rural_Area?f_ri=16681"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_62355991" data-work_id="62355991" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/62355991/Japans_new_growth_strategy_to_create_demand_and_jobs">Japan's new growth strategy to create demand and jobs</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The New Growth Strategy aims to create demand and jobs through regulatory reform and fiscal measures. The Strategy focuses on key challenges, notably climate change and population ageing, which can be turned into sources of growth. Given... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_62355991" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The New Growth Strategy aims to create demand and jobs through regulatory reform and fiscal measures. The Strategy focuses on key challenges, notably climate change and population ageing, which can be turned into sources of growth. Given Japan&#x27;s ...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/62355991" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7d9203d0ebc9e6553495c99c418252a1" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":75150211,"asset_id":62355991,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/75150211/download_file?st=MTc0MDA0ODY0Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="188981688" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RandallJones8">Randall Jones</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="188981688" type="text/json">{"id":188981688,"first_name":"Randall","last_name":"Jones","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RandallJones8","display_name":"Randall Jones","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RandallJones8?f_ri=16681","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/188981688/52385694/40494067/s65_randall.jones.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_62355991 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="62355991"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 62355991, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_62355991", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_62355991 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 62355991; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_62355991"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_62355991 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="62355991"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 62355991; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=62355991]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_62355991").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_62355991").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="62355991"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">15</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1512" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change">Climate Change</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1512" type="text/json">{"id":1512,"name":"Climate Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3843" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immigration">Immigration</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3843" type="text/json">{"id":3843,"name":"Immigration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immigration?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8759" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Foreign_Direct_Investment">Foreign Direct Investment</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8759" type="text/json">{"id":8759,"name":"Foreign Direct Investment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Foreign_Direct_Investment?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12047" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_development">Regional development</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="12047" type="text/json">{"id":12047,"name":"Regional development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_development?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=62355991]'), work: {"id":62355991,"title":"Japan's new growth strategy to create demand and jobs","created_at":"2021-11-25T05:53:33.564-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/62355991/Japans_new_growth_strategy_to_create_demand_and_jobs?f_ri=16681","dom_id":"work_62355991","summary":"The New Growth Strategy aims to create demand and jobs through regulatory reform and fiscal measures. The Strategy focuses on key challenges, notably climate change and population ageing, which can be turned into sources of growth. Given Japan\u0026#x27;s ...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":75150211,"asset_id":62355991,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":188981688,"first_name":"Randall","last_name":"Jones","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RandallJones8","display_name":"Randall Jones","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RandallJones8?f_ri=16681","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/188981688/52385694/40494067/s65_randall.jones.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1512,"name":"Climate Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":3843,"name":"Immigration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immigration?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":8759,"name":"Foreign Direct Investment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Foreign_Direct_Investment?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":12047,"name":"Regional development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_development?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":15843,"name":"Venture Capital","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Venture_Capital?f_ri=16681"},{"id":16681,"name":"Economic integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_integration?f_ri=16681"},{"id":36554,"name":"Japanese economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Japanese_economy?f_ri=16681"},{"id":51675,"name":"Population Aging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Population_Aging?f_ri=16681"},{"id":58626,"name":"Health Care reform","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Care_reform?f_ri=16681"},{"id":244811,"name":"Financial Sector","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Financial_Sector?f_ri=16681"},{"id":266854,"name":"Regulatory reform","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regulatory_reform?f_ri=16681"},{"id":388057,"name":"Emission Trading","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Emission_Trading?f_ri=16681"},{"id":1126322,"name":"Private Investment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Private_Investment?f_ri=16681"},{"id":1145135,"name":"Free Trade Agreement","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Free_Trade_Agreement?f_ri=16681"},{"id":1314885,"name":"Economic Partnership Agreement","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_Partnership_Agreement?f_ri=16681"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_61535939" data-work_id="61535939" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/61535939/US_Focus_on_Open_Balkan_Economic_Project_Risks_Open_Season_Instead">US Focus on 'Open Balkan' Economic Project Risks Open Season Instead</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In this article, Kurt Bassuener assesses the Biden administration's recent strong advocacy for the "Open Balkan" initiative, championed by Serbian President Aleksandar Vucic, in the context of the current security crisis in Bosnia and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_61535939" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In this article, Kurt Bassuener assesses the Biden administration's recent strong advocacy for the "Open Balkan" initiative, championed by Serbian President Aleksandar Vucic, in the context of the current security crisis in Bosnia and Herzegovina.  Not only has the Biden administration effectively adopted a variant of the Trump administration's transactional policy in the Western Balkans, the policy represents an embrace of the EU's functionalist approach in the region - a failure. What this means is a de facto embrace of a Serbian/Albanian/Croatian co-prosperity sphere in the region.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/61535939" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="10601232" href="https://st-andrews.academia.edu/KurtBassuener">Kurt W . Bassuener, PhD</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="10601232" type="text/json">{"id":10601232,"first_name":"Kurt","last_name":"Bassuener, PhD","domain_name":"st-andrews","page_name":"KurtBassuener","display_name":"Kurt W . Bassuener, PhD","profile_url":"https://st-andrews.academia.edu/KurtBassuener?f_ri=16681","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/10601232/3199969/14876226/s65_kurt.bassuener.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_61535939 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="61535939"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 61535939, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_61535939", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_61535939 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 61535939; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_61535939"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_61535939 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="61535939"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 61535939; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=61535939]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_61535939").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_61535939").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="61535939"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">19</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2990" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geopolitics">Geopolitics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2990" type="text/json">{"id":2990,"name":"Geopolitics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geopolitics?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5091" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Democratization">Democratization</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5091" type="text/json">{"id":5091,"name":"Democratization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Democratization?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5839" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kosovo">Kosovo</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5839" type="text/json">{"id":5839,"name":"Kosovo","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kosovo?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5878" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nationalism">Nationalism</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="5878" type="text/json">{"id":5878,"name":"Nationalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nationalism?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=61535939]'), work: {"id":61535939,"title":"US Focus on 'Open Balkan' Economic Project Risks Open Season Instead","created_at":"2021-11-11T11:24:16.913-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/61535939/US_Focus_on_Open_Balkan_Economic_Project_Risks_Open_Season_Instead?f_ri=16681","dom_id":"work_61535939","summary":"In this article, Kurt Bassuener assesses the Biden administration's recent strong advocacy for the \"Open Balkan\" initiative, championed by Serbian President Aleksandar Vucic, in the context of the current security crisis in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Not only has the Biden administration effectively adopted a variant of the Trump administration's transactional policy in the Western Balkans, the policy represents an embrace of the EU's functionalist approach in the region - a failure. What this means is a de facto embrace of a Serbian/Albanian/Croatian co-prosperity sphere in the region.","downloadable_attachments":[],"ordered_authors":[{"id":10601232,"first_name":"Kurt","last_name":"Bassuener, PhD","domain_name":"st-andrews","page_name":"KurtBassuener","display_name":"Kurt W . Bassuener, PhD","profile_url":"https://st-andrews.academia.edu/KurtBassuener?f_ri=16681","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/10601232/3199969/14876226/s65_kurt.bassuener.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2990,"name":"Geopolitics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geopolitics?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":5091,"name":"Democratization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Democratization?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":5839,"name":"Kosovo","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kosovo?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":5878,"name":"Nationalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nationalism?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":8697,"name":"European Foreign Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Foreign_Policy?f_ri=16681"},{"id":16681,"name":"Economic integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_integration?f_ri=16681"},{"id":19025,"name":"Enlargement and Integration in the EU","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Enlargement_and_Integration_in_the_EU?f_ri=16681"},{"id":34598,"name":"Authoritarianism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Authoritarianism?f_ri=16681"},{"id":36160,"name":"Ethnicity \u0026 Ethnic Conflicts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnicity_and_Ethnic_Conflicts?f_ri=16681"},{"id":42734,"name":"Albania","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Albania?f_ri=16681"},{"id":64064,"name":"Bosnia and Herzegovina","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina?f_ri=16681"},{"id":77031,"name":"Macedonia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Macedonia?f_ri=16681"},{"id":77142,"name":"Montenegro","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Montenegro?f_ri=16681"},{"id":78630,"name":"Serbia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Serbia?f_ri=16681"},{"id":251757,"name":"Political Clientelism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Clientelism?f_ri=16681"},{"id":258743,"name":"USA Foreign Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/USA_Foreign_Policy?f_ri=16681"},{"id":375440,"name":"French foreign policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_foreign_policy?f_ri=16681"},{"id":488205,"name":"Illiberal Democracy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Illiberal_Democracy?f_ri=16681"},{"id":931986,"name":"Post Conflict Issues","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Post_Conflict_Issues?f_ri=16681"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_16809206" data-work_id="16809206" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/16809206/Beyond_Smoke_and_Mirrors_Mexican_Immigration_in_an_Era_of_Economic_Integration_by_Douglas_S_Massey_Jorge_Durand_and_Nolan_Malone_Beyond_Smoke_and_Mirrors_Mexican_Immigration_in_an_Era_of_Economic_Integration">Beyond Smoke and Mirrors: Mexican Immigration in an Era of Economic Integration by Douglas S. Massey, Jorge Durand, and Nolan Malone:Beyond Smoke and Mirrors: Mexican Immigration in an Era of Economic Integration</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Page 1. BEYOND SMOKE i MIRRORS MEXICAN IMMIGRATION IN AN ERA OF ECONOMIC INTEGRATION Page 2. Page 3. ... 2. MexicoEmigration and immigrationGovernment policy. 3. MexicansUnited States. 4. United StatesForeign relations Mexico. ...</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/16809206" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1a9178534c90a8c0757f6c167a3580b5" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":43953235,"asset_id":16809206,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/43953235/download_file?st=MTc0MDA0ODY0Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="365516" href="https://uic.academia.edu/X%C3%B3chitlBada">Xóchitl Bada</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="365516" type="text/json">{"id":365516,"first_name":"Xóchitl","last_name":"Bada","domain_name":"uic","page_name":"XóchitlBada","display_name":"Xóchitl Bada","profile_url":"https://uic.academia.edu/X%C3%B3chitlBada?f_ri=16681","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/365516/112016/131779/s65_x_chitl.bada.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_16809206 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="16809206"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 16809206, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_16809206", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_16809206 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 16809206; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_16809206"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_16809206 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="16809206"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 16809206; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=16809206]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_16809206").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_16809206").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="16809206"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="184" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology">Sociology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="184" type="text/json">{"id":184,"name":"Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16681" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_integration">Economic integration</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="16681" type="text/json">{"id":16681,"name":"Economic integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_integration?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="127255" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Sociology">American Sociology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="127255" type="text/json">{"id":127255,"name":"American Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Sociology?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=16809206]'), work: {"id":16809206,"title":"Beyond Smoke and Mirrors: Mexican Immigration in an Era of Economic Integration by Douglas S. Massey, Jorge Durand, and Nolan Malone:Beyond Smoke and Mirrors: Mexican Immigration in an Era of Economic Integration","created_at":"2015-10-14T22:12:59.562-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/16809206/Beyond_Smoke_and_Mirrors_Mexican_Immigration_in_an_Era_of_Economic_Integration_by_Douglas_S_Massey_Jorge_Durand_and_Nolan_Malone_Beyond_Smoke_and_Mirrors_Mexican_Immigration_in_an_Era_of_Economic_Integration?f_ri=16681","dom_id":"work_16809206","summary":"Page 1. BEYOND SMOKE i MIRRORS MEXICAN IMMIGRATION IN AN ERA OF ECONOMIC INTEGRATION Page 2. Page 3. ... 2. MexicoEmigration and immigrationGovernment policy. 3. MexicansUnited States. 4. United StatesForeign relations Mexico. ...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":43953235,"asset_id":16809206,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":365516,"first_name":"Xóchitl","last_name":"Bada","domain_name":"uic","page_name":"XóchitlBada","display_name":"Xóchitl Bada","profile_url":"https://uic.academia.edu/X%C3%B3chitlBada?f_ri=16681","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/365516/112016/131779/s65_x_chitl.bada.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":184,"name":"Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":16681,"name":"Economic integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_integration?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":127255,"name":"American Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Sociology?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_40291499" data-work_id="40291499" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/40291499/ACCORD_PORTANT_CREATION_DE_LA_ZONE_DE_LIBRE_ECHANGE_CONTINENTALE_AFRICAINE_Par_Hajer_GUELDICH">ACCORD PORTANT CREATION DE LA ZONE DE LIBRE ECHANGE CONTINENTALE AFRICAINE Par Hajer GUELDICH</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Référence: GUELDICH (H.), "L'Accord portant création de la zone de libre échange continentale africaine", in BEN ACHOUR (R.) et GUELDICH (H.), Intégration et régionalisme en Afrique: où en est l'Union africaine aujourd'hui?, Journée... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_40291499" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Référence: GUELDICH (H.), "L'Accord portant création de la zone de libre échange continentale africaine", in BEN ACHOUR (R.) et GUELDICH (H.), Intégration et régionalisme en Afrique: où en est l'Union africaine aujourd'hui?, Journée d'étude du 1e novembre 2018, éditions 2019, SIMPACT, pp.112-125</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/40291499" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3c3310598618a7e93d61b2afdca806ce" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":60529692,"asset_id":40291499,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/60529692/download_file?st=MTc0MDA0ODY0Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="119245713" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HajerGueldich">Hajer Gueldich</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="119245713" type="text/json">{"id":119245713,"first_name":"Hajer","last_name":"Gueldich","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"HajerGueldich","display_name":"Hajer Gueldich","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/HajerGueldich?f_ri=16681","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/119245713/29421857/34986828/s65_hajer.gueldich.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_40291499 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="40291499"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 40291499, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_40291499", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_40291499 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 40291499; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_40291499"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_40291499 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="40291499"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 40291499; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=40291499]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_40291499").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_40291499").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="40291499"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16681" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_integration">Economic integration</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="16681" type="text/json">{"id":16681,"name":"Economic integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_integration?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="49396" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_Union">African Union</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="49396" type="text/json">{"id":49396,"name":"African Union","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_Union?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="261335" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Droit_International_Public">Droit International Public</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="261335" type="text/json">{"id":261335,"name":"Droit International Public","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Droit_International_Public?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="346523" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Economic_Integration_in_Africa">Regional Economic Integration in Africa</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="346523" type="text/json">{"id":346523,"name":"Regional Economic Integration in Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Economic_Integration_in_Africa?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=40291499]'), work: {"id":40291499,"title":"ACCORD PORTANT CREATION DE LA ZONE DE LIBRE ECHANGE CONTINENTALE AFRICAINE Par Hajer GUELDICH","created_at":"2019-09-08T20:43:41.811-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/40291499/ACCORD_PORTANT_CREATION_DE_LA_ZONE_DE_LIBRE_ECHANGE_CONTINENTALE_AFRICAINE_Par_Hajer_GUELDICH?f_ri=16681","dom_id":"work_40291499","summary":"Référence: GUELDICH (H.), \"L'Accord portant création de la zone de libre échange continentale africaine\", in BEN ACHOUR (R.) et GUELDICH (H.), Intégration et régionalisme en Afrique: où en est l'Union africaine aujourd'hui?, Journée d'étude du 1e novembre 2018, éditions 2019, SIMPACT, pp.112-125","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":60529692,"asset_id":40291499,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":119245713,"first_name":"Hajer","last_name":"Gueldich","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"HajerGueldich","display_name":"Hajer Gueldich","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/HajerGueldich?f_ri=16681","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/119245713/29421857/34986828/s65_hajer.gueldich.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":16681,"name":"Economic integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_integration?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":49396,"name":"African Union","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_Union?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":261335,"name":"Droit International Public","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Droit_International_Public?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":346523,"name":"Regional Economic Integration in Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Economic_Integration_in_Africa?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":496804,"name":"Droit International","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Droit_International?f_ri=16681"},{"id":1170117,"name":"Droit Communautaire Africain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Droit_Communautaire_Africain?f_ri=16681"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_49090994 coauthored" data-work_id="49090994" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/49090994/Cr%C3%A9ation_dentreprises_des_personnes_migrantes_en_Wallonie_quelle_efficacit%C3%A9">Création d'entreprises des personnes migrantes en Wallonie : quelle efficacité</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Une version étendue de cette analyse est disponible dans Fomekong Kuete H. et Manço A. (2021), « Aides à la création d'entreprises et publics migrants en Wallonie », Manço A. et Scheurette L. (éds), L'inclusion des personnes d'origine... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_49090994" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Une version étendue de cette analyse est disponible dans Fomekong Kuete H. et Manço A. (2021), « Aides à la création d'entreprises et publics migrants en Wallonie », Manço A. et Scheurette L. (éds), L'inclusion des personnes d'origine étrangère sur le marché de l'emploi. Bilan des politiques en Wallonie, Paris : L'Harmatan, collection « Compétences interculturelles », p. 113-132.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/49090994" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4dc891e8acab1689f056e29738e53fea" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":67486169,"asset_id":49090994,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67486169/download_file?st=MTc0MDA0ODY0Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="344651" href="https://irfam.academia.edu/AltayAndMan%C3%A7o">Altay A Manço</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="344651" type="text/json">{"id":344651,"first_name":"Altay","last_name":"Manço","domain_name":"irfam","page_name":"AltayAndManço","display_name":"Altay A Manço","profile_url":"https://irfam.academia.edu/AltayAndMan%C3%A7o?f_ri=16681","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/344651/93936/104910/s65_altay_and.man_o.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-49090994">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-49090994"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://umh.academia.edu/HonorineKueteFomekong">Honorine Kuete Fomekong</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-49090994'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-49090994').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_49090994 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="49090994"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 49090994, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_49090994", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_49090994 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 49090994; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_49090994"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_49090994 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="49090994"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 49090994; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=49090994]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_49090994").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_49090994").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="49090994"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14730" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Migration_Studies">Migration Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="14730" type="text/json">{"id":14730,"name":"Migration Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Migration_Studies?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16681" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_integration">Economic integration</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="16681" type="text/json">{"id":16681,"name":"Economic integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_integration?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="19707" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Inclusion">Social Inclusion</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="19707" type="text/json">{"id":19707,"name":"Social Inclusion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Inclusion?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=49090994]'), work: {"id":49090994,"title":"Création d'entreprises des personnes migrantes en Wallonie : quelle efficacité","created_at":"2021-06-01T13:59:50.777-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/49090994/Cr%C3%A9ation_dentreprises_des_personnes_migrantes_en_Wallonie_quelle_efficacit%C3%A9?f_ri=16681","dom_id":"work_49090994","summary":"Une version étendue de cette analyse est disponible dans Fomekong Kuete H. et Manço A. (2021), « Aides à la création d'entreprises et publics migrants en Wallonie », Manço A. et Scheurette L. (éds), L'inclusion des personnes d'origine étrangère sur le marché de l'emploi. Bilan des politiques en Wallonie, Paris : L'Harmatan, collection « Compétences interculturelles », p. 113-132.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":67486169,"asset_id":49090994,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":344651,"first_name":"Altay","last_name":"Manço","domain_name":"irfam","page_name":"AltayAndManço","display_name":"Altay A Manço","profile_url":"https://irfam.academia.edu/AltayAndMan%C3%A7o?f_ri=16681","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/344651/93936/104910/s65_altay_and.man_o.jpg"},{"id":195980297,"first_name":"Honorine Kuete","last_name":"Fomekong","domain_name":"umh","page_name":"HonorineKueteFomekong","display_name":"Honorine Kuete Fomekong","profile_url":"https://umh.academia.edu/HonorineKueteFomekong?f_ri=16681","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/195980297/58299168/46528588/s65_honorine_kuete.fomekong.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":14730,"name":"Migration Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Migration_Studies?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":16681,"name":"Economic integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_integration?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":19707,"name":"Social Inclusion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Inclusion?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_12208997" data-work_id="12208997" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12208997/Resettlement_Experiences_in_Canada_of_Chinese_Vietnamese_Refugees_After_the_Vietnam_War">Resettlement Experiences in Canada of Chinese-Vietnamese Refugees After the Vietnam War</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Through six intensive and semi-structured interviews, this research paper examines the role social support networks may or may not have played in facilitating the resettlement experiences of Chinese-Vietnamese refugees living in Canada... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_12208997" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Through six intensive and semi-structured interviews, this research paper examines the role social support networks may or may not have played in facilitating the resettlement experiences of Chinese-Vietnamese refugees living in Canada after the Vietnam War. It was observed that those who were privately-sponsored emphasized the instrumental role their benefactors played in assisting their successful resettlement, whereas those who were government-sponsored were forced to adopt a more independent mindset of forming their own social support systems. Regardless of sponsorship type, the notion of hard work was a commonality found amongst the participants. They arrived at the receiving country expecting and willing to accept conditions of underemployment and downward mobility. The effects of pre-migration enabling factors such as marital status and educational attainment are also acknowledged. Within a social support framework, theories of social capital and resiliency are used to analyze the lives of the participants after the traumatic experience of forced migration. <br /><br />Keywords: Chinese-Vietnamese refugees, resettlement, Canada, social support network, resiliency theory</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/12208997" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="515e9f6a27af25cbeeb89f64e3704f1c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":37490375,"asset_id":12208997,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37490375/download_file?st=MTc0MDA0ODY0Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="30680886" href="https://ryerson.academia.edu/BelindaHa">Belinda Ha</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="30680886" type="text/json">{"id":30680886,"first_name":"Belinda","last_name":"Ha","domain_name":"ryerson","page_name":"BelindaHa","display_name":"Belinda Ha","profile_url":"https://ryerson.academia.edu/BelindaHa?f_ri=16681","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/30680886/8936166/10256297/s65_belinda.ha.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_12208997 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="12208997"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12208997, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_12208997", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_12208997 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12208997; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_12208997"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_12208997 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="12208997"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12208997; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12208997]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_12208997").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_12208997").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="12208997"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">31</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="994" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Journalism">Journalism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="994" type="text/json">{"id":994,"name":"Journalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Journalism?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2835" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Refugee_Studies">Refugee Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2835" type="text/json">{"id":2835,"name":"Refugee Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Refugee_Studies?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3136" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Qualitative_methodology">Qualitative methodology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3136" type="text/json">{"id":3136,"name":"Qualitative methodology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Qualitative_methodology?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3332" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Resilience">Resilience</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3332" type="text/json">{"id":3332,"name":"Resilience","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Resilience?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=12208997]'), work: {"id":12208997,"title":"Resettlement Experiences in Canada of Chinese-Vietnamese Refugees After the Vietnam War","created_at":"2015-05-03T11:14:41.799-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/12208997/Resettlement_Experiences_in_Canada_of_Chinese_Vietnamese_Refugees_After_the_Vietnam_War?f_ri=16681","dom_id":"work_12208997","summary":"Through six intensive and semi-structured interviews, this research paper examines the role social support networks may or may not have played in facilitating the resettlement experiences of Chinese-Vietnamese refugees living in Canada after the Vietnam War. It was observed that those who were privately-sponsored emphasized the instrumental role their benefactors played in assisting their successful resettlement, whereas those who were government-sponsored were forced to adopt a more independent mindset of forming their own social support systems. Regardless of sponsorship type, the notion of hard work was a commonality found amongst the participants. They arrived at the receiving country expecting and willing to accept conditions of underemployment and downward mobility. The effects of pre-migration enabling factors such as marital status and educational attainment are also acknowledged. Within a social support framework, theories of social capital and resiliency are used to analyze the lives of the participants after the traumatic experience of forced migration. \n\nKeywords: Chinese-Vietnamese refugees, resettlement, Canada, social support network, resiliency theory \n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":37490375,"asset_id":12208997,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":30680886,"first_name":"Belinda","last_name":"Ha","domain_name":"ryerson","page_name":"BelindaHa","display_name":"Belinda Ha","profile_url":"https://ryerson.academia.edu/BelindaHa?f_ri=16681","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/30680886/8936166/10256297/s65_belinda.ha.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":994,"name":"Journalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Journalism?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":2835,"name":"Refugee Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Refugee_Studies?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":3136,"name":"Qualitative methodology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Qualitative_methodology?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":3332,"name":"Resilience","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Resilience?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":3843,"name":"Immigration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immigration?f_ri=16681"},{"id":4374,"name":"Immigration Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immigration_Studies?f_ri=16681"},{"id":5745,"name":"Social Capital","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Capital?f_ri=16681"},{"id":7396,"name":"Vietnamese History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vietnamese_History?f_ri=16681"},{"id":8920,"name":"History of Canada","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Canada?f_ri=16681"},{"id":9084,"name":"Emotional Support (Social Support)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Emotional_Support_Social_Support_?f_ri=16681"},{"id":9085,"name":"Coping (Social Support)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coping_Social_Support_?f_ri=16681"},{"id":13006,"name":"Immigration History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immigration_History?f_ri=16681"},{"id":13355,"name":"Vietnam War","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vietnam_War?f_ri=16681"},{"id":13671,"name":"Refugee Resettlement","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Refugee_Resettlement?f_ri=16681"},{"id":15163,"name":"Qualitative Research (Education)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Qualitative_Research_Education_?f_ri=16681"},{"id":16681,"name":"Economic integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_integration?f_ri=16681"},{"id":22540,"name":"Qualitative Research Methods","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Qualitative_Research_Methods?f_ri=16681"},{"id":26850,"name":"Chinese history (History)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chinese_history_History_?f_ri=16681"},{"id":30249,"name":"Immigration and identity (Anthropology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immigration_and_identity_Anthropology_?f_ri=16681"},{"id":33005,"name":"Refugee Camps","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Refugee_Camps?f_ri=16681"},{"id":48036,"name":"International Migration and Immigration Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Migration_and_Immigration_Policy?f_ri=16681"},{"id":54114,"name":"Canada","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Canada?f_ri=16681"},{"id":66371,"name":"Vietnamese diaspora","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vietnamese_diaspora?f_ri=16681"},{"id":85843,"name":"Chinese","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chinese?f_ri=16681"},{"id":98580,"name":"Mindfulness and Resilience and Psychological Well Being","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mindfulness_and_Resilience_and_Psychological_Well_Being?f_ri=16681"},{"id":99915,"name":"Integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integration?f_ri=16681"},{"id":134693,"name":"Refugees and Forced Migration Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Refugees_and_Forced_Migration_Studies?f_ri=16681"},{"id":158455,"name":"Vietnamese studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vietnamese_studies?f_ri=16681"},{"id":255100,"name":"Asylum and refugees studies, migration and integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Asylum_and_refugees_studies_migration_and_integration?f_ri=16681"},{"id":654134,"name":"Chinese Vietnamese American Diaspora Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chinese_Vietnamese_American_Diaspora_Literature?f_ri=16681"},{"id":931982,"name":"Refugee memory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Refugee_memory?f_ri=16681"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_66111587" data-work_id="66111587" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/66111587/The_New_Regionalism_Causes_and_consequences">The New Regionalism: Causes and consequences</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">We address three themes on the New Regionalism. First, the prominent analogy to a "spaghetti bowl" of economic integration agreements (EIAs) should be replaced by reference to a "market" for EIAs. We suggest a systematic economic... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_66111587" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">We address three themes on the New Regionalism. First, the prominent analogy to a "spaghetti bowl" of economic integration agreements (EIAs) should be replaced by reference to a "market" for EIAs. We suggest a systematic economic framework for analyzing "competitive liberalization" of governments in a static, long-run context. Second, we address why ex post measurements of the average (treatment) effects of EIAs on trade seem so "small." Third, after addressing evidence for long-run determinants of competitive liberalization, we discuss how one might conceptualize the process by which governments select into EIAs over time, that is, the growth of regionalism.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/66111587" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4de76efdfb46343a98f028938c4b1bd6" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":77432164,"asset_id":66111587,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/77432164/download_file?st=MTc0MDA0ODY0Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="27720570" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ScottBaier">Scott Baier</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="27720570" type="text/json">{"id":27720570,"first_name":"Scott","last_name":"Baier","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ScottBaier","display_name":"Scott Baier","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ScottBaier?f_ri=16681","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_66111587 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="66111587"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 66111587, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_66111587", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_66111587 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 66111587; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_66111587"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_66111587 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="66111587"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 66111587; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=66111587]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_66111587").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_66111587").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="66111587"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="724" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics">Economics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="724" type="text/json">{"id":724,"name":"Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3180" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Trade">International Trade</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3180" type="text/json">{"id":3180,"name":"International Trade","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Trade?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4486" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science">Political Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4486" type="text/json">{"id":4486,"name":"Political Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16681" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_integration">Economic integration</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="16681" type="text/json">{"id":16681,"name":"Economic integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_integration?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=66111587]'), work: {"id":66111587,"title":"The New Regionalism: Causes and consequences","created_at":"2021-12-27T07:06:55.446-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/66111587/The_New_Regionalism_Causes_and_consequences?f_ri=16681","dom_id":"work_66111587","summary":"We address three themes on the New Regionalism. First, the prominent analogy to a \"spaghetti bowl\" of economic integration agreements (EIAs) should be replaced by reference to a \"market\" for EIAs. We suggest a systematic economic framework for analyzing \"competitive liberalization\" of governments in a static, long-run context. Second, we address why ex post measurements of the average (treatment) effects of EIAs on trade seem so \"small.\" Third, after addressing evidence for long-run determinants of competitive liberalization, we discuss how one might conceptualize the process by which governments select into EIAs over time, that is, the growth of regionalism.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":77432164,"asset_id":66111587,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":27720570,"first_name":"Scott","last_name":"Baier","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ScottBaier","display_name":"Scott Baier","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ScottBaier?f_ri=16681","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":724,"name":"Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":3180,"name":"International Trade","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Trade?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":4486,"name":"Political Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":16681,"name":"Economic integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_integration?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":49963,"name":"Gravity Equation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gravity_Equation?f_ri=16681"},{"id":96054,"name":"Gravity Model","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gravity_Model?f_ri=16681"},{"id":765986,"name":"Economie internationale","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economie_internationale?f_ri=16681"},{"id":1145135,"name":"Free Trade Agreement","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Free_Trade_Agreement?f_ri=16681"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_17602933" data-work_id="17602933" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/17602933/Their_Suffering_Our_Burden_How_Congolese_Refugees_Affect_the_Ugandan_Population">Their Suffering, Our Burden? How Congolese Refugees Affect the Ugandan Population</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This paper analyzes the impact of both the long-term presence and additional influxes of refugees on the local population in Uganda. Uganda has a unique legal framework of local integration which makes it an interesting case study.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_17602933" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper analyzes the impact of both the long-term presence and additional influxes of refugees on the local population in Uganda. Uganda has a unique legal framework of local integration which makes it an interesting case study. Refugees are allowed to work and move freely. The political aim is to integrate them economically and socially into the host communities. The impact of this approach on Ugandan households’ objective and subjective welfare as well as their access to public services is the focus of this study. Two different household surveys covering the years 2002–10 are used in order to employ a difference-in-differences approach. In doing so, the natural experiment of two sudden inflows is exploited, while simultaneously controlling for the long-term trends in refugee numbers. The findings presented here suggest that the Ugandan population living near refugee settlements benefits both in terms of consumption and public service provisions. However, their negative perceptions regarding their own economic situation and their alienation from their national state in favor of their ethnic identity contradict this objective improvement of livelihoods. This is the first study to empirically analyze the effect of a long-term presence of displaced populations on local communities. With refugee situations becoming increasingly protracted, the findings offer important policy insights and point toward an interesting new field of research.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/17602933" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="40bea5b9bf99272201791b5a1f93b073" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":39607011,"asset_id":17602933,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/39607011/download_file?st=MTc0MDA0ODY0Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32803482" href="https://idos-research.academia.edu/MerleKreibaum">Merle Kreibaum</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32803482" type="text/json">{"id":32803482,"first_name":"Merle","last_name":"Kreibaum","domain_name":"idos-research","page_name":"MerleKreibaum","display_name":"Merle Kreibaum","profile_url":"https://idos-research.academia.edu/MerleKreibaum?f_ri=16681","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/32803482/9820645/10943755/s65_merle.kreibaum.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_17602933 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="17602933"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 17602933, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_17602933", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_17602933 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 17602933; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_17602933"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_17602933 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="17602933"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 17602933; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=17602933]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_17602933").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_17602933").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="17602933"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2835" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Refugee_Studies">Refugee Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2835" type="text/json">{"id":2835,"name":"Refugee Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Refugee_Studies?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16681" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_integration">Economic integration</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="16681" type="text/json">{"id":16681,"name":"Economic integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_integration?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=17602933]'), work: {"id":17602933,"title":"Their Suffering, Our Burden? How Congolese Refugees Affect the Ugandan Population","created_at":"2015-11-02T02:46:47.391-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/17602933/Their_Suffering_Our_Burden_How_Congolese_Refugees_Affect_the_Ugandan_Population?f_ri=16681","dom_id":"work_17602933","summary":"This paper analyzes the impact of both the long-term presence and additional influxes of refugees on the local population in Uganda. Uganda has a unique legal framework of local integration which makes it an interesting case study. Refugees are allowed to work and move freely. The political aim is to integrate them economically and socially into the host communities. The impact of this approach on Ugandan households’ objective and subjective welfare as well as their access to public services is the focus of this study. Two different household surveys covering the years 2002–10 are used in order to employ a difference-in-differences approach. In doing so, the natural experiment of two sudden inflows is exploited, while simultaneously controlling for the long-term trends in refugee numbers. The findings presented here suggest that the Ugandan population living near refugee settlements benefits both in terms of consumption and public service provisions. However, their negative perceptions regarding their own economic situation and their alienation from their national state in favor of their ethnic identity contradict this objective improvement of livelihoods. This is the first study to empirically analyze the effect of a long-term presence of displaced populations on local communities. With refugee situations becoming increasingly protracted, the findings offer important policy insights and point toward an interesting new field of research.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":39607011,"asset_id":17602933,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32803482,"first_name":"Merle","last_name":"Kreibaum","domain_name":"idos-research","page_name":"MerleKreibaum","display_name":"Merle Kreibaum","profile_url":"https://idos-research.academia.edu/MerleKreibaum?f_ri=16681","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/32803482/9820645/10943755/s65_merle.kreibaum.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2835,"name":"Refugee Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Refugee_Studies?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":16681,"name":"Economic integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_integration?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_42290608" data-work_id="42290608" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/42290608/Mercosul_fundamentos_e_perspectivas_1998_">Mercosul: fundamentos e perspectivas (1998)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Mercosul: Fundamentos e Perspectivas (São Paulo: Editora LTr, 1998, 160 p.; ISBN: 85-7322-548-3) Brasília, 23 março 2020, 143 p. Reformatação completa do livro para fins de livre acesso nas redes de intercâmbio acadêmico. Índice... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_42290608" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Mercosul: Fundamentos e Perspectivas <br />(São Paulo: Editora LTr, 1998, 160 p.; ISBN: 85-7322-548-3)<br />Brasília, 23 março 2020, 143 p. <br />Reformatação completa do livro para fins de livre acesso nas redes de intercâmbio acadêmico.<br /><br />Índice<br /><br />Prefácio 11<br /><br />1. O MERCOSUL no contexto global 14<br />O que é o MERCOSUL? 14<br />O livre-comércio e o MERCOSUL 16<br />O MERCOSUL: um novo perfil internacional para a região 18<br /><br />2. A integração econômica na Europa: etapas 21<br />O contexto econômico e político do pós-guerra 21<br />Na origem da integração europeia: o BENELUX 24<br />O projeto comunitário: da CECA ao Mercado Comum 25<br />Entre a abertura e o protecionismo 27<br />Do Mercado Comum ao Espaço Econômico Europeu 28<br />A “nova” União Europeia 31<br />O euro e seu impacto nas relações econômicas internacionais 36<br /><br />3. A integração na América Latina: um longo processo 39<br />A integração em perspectiva histórica 39<br />Da ALALC à ALADI: ideal integracionista e prática protecionista 39<br />Uma nova realidade: a sub-regionalização da integração 42<br /><br />4. A relação Brasil-Argentina: do conflito à cooperação 46<br />Antecedentes do MERCOSUL 46<br />Brasil-Argentina: do conflito à cooperação 47<br />O aprofundamento da integração 48<br />A Ata de Buenos Aires: aceleração do processo 49<br /><br />5. O MERCOSUL na fase de transição 51<br />O Tratado de Assunção e a experiência integracionista anterior 51<br />Etapas da união aduaneira no MERCOSUL 52<br />O Protocolo de Ouro Preto e a Tarifa Externa Comum 55<br /><br />6. Estrutura institucional do MERCOSUL 57<br />Os órgãos do MERCOSUL 57<br />Comparação com o modelo europeu 58<br />O sistema de solução de controvérsias 60<br />A questão da supranacionalidade 64<br /><br />7. O futuro do MERCOSUL: dilemas e opções 68<br />Opções extremas: entre um mercado comum completo e a ALCA 70<br />Opções de Realpolitik: a grande estratégia do MERCOSUL 75<br />A agenda institucional do MERCOSUL: direito comunitário? 77<br />O futuro do MERCOSUL: a work in progress 81<br /><br />8. Cronologia dos processos integracionistas no hemisfério 85<br />Origens e desenvolvimento da ideia integracionista 85<br />O processo Brasil-Argentina: o Mercado Comum do Sul 88<br />O MERCOSUL: etapas e desenvolvimento institucional 89<br />O processo de integração hemisférica: a ALCA 92<br />Desenvolvimentos recentes e agenda futura da integração 93<br /><br />9. Documentos fundamentais 94<br />Tratado de Assunção (26/03/1991) 94<br />Protocolo de Ouro Preto (17/12/1994) 110<br />Protocolo de Brasília para a solução de controvérsias (17/12/1991) 122<br /><br />Glossário 129<br />Bibliografia selecionada sobre o MERCOSUL e a integração 136<br />Biobibliografia do autor 140</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/42290608" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="51eb0169b67ec0d00982b9c705b78d9c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":62444532,"asset_id":42290608,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/62444532/download_file?st=MTc0MDA0ODY0Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="7851066" href="https://unb.academia.edu/PauloRobertodeAlmeida">Paulo Roberto de Almeida</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="7851066" type="text/json">{"id":7851066,"first_name":"Paulo Roberto","last_name":"de Almeida","domain_name":"unb","page_name":"PauloRobertodeAlmeida","display_name":"Paulo Roberto de Almeida","profile_url":"https://unb.academia.edu/PauloRobertodeAlmeida?f_ri=16681","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/7851066/2776432/66447948/s65_paulo_roberto.de_almeida.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_42290608 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="42290608"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 42290608, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_42290608", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_42290608 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 42290608; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_42290608"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_42290608 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="42290608"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 42290608; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=42290608]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_42290608").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_42290608").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="42290608"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="388" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_Studies">Latin American Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="388" type="text/json">{"id":388,"name":"Latin American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_Studies?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3827" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brazilian_Studies">Brazilian Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3827" type="text/json">{"id":3827,"name":"Brazilian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brazilian_Studies?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16681" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_integration">Economic integration</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="16681" type="text/json">{"id":16681,"name":"Economic integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_integration?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28046" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Integration">Regional Integration</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="28046" type="text/json">{"id":28046,"name":"Regional Integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Integration?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=42290608]'), work: {"id":42290608,"title":"Mercosul: fundamentos e perspectivas (1998)","created_at":"2020-03-22T20:59:32.263-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/42290608/Mercosul_fundamentos_e_perspectivas_1998_?f_ri=16681","dom_id":"work_42290608","summary":"Mercosul: Fundamentos e Perspectivas \n(São Paulo: Editora LTr, 1998, 160 p.; ISBN: 85-7322-548-3)\nBrasília, 23 março 2020, 143 p. \nReformatação completa do livro para fins de livre acesso nas redes de intercâmbio acadêmico.\n\nÍndice\n\nPrefácio\t11\n\n1. O MERCOSUL no contexto global\t14\nO que é o MERCOSUL?\t14\nO livre-comércio e o MERCOSUL\t16\nO MERCOSUL: um novo perfil internacional para a região\t18\n\n2. A integração econômica na Europa: etapas\t21\nO contexto econômico e político do pós-guerra\t21\nNa origem da integração europeia: o BENELUX\t24\nO projeto comunitário: da CECA ao Mercado Comum\t25\nEntre a abertura e o protecionismo\t27\nDo Mercado Comum ao Espaço Econômico Europeu\t28\nA “nova” União Europeia\t31\nO euro e seu impacto nas relações econômicas internacionais\t36\n\n3. A integração na América Latina: um longo processo\t39\nA integração em perspectiva histórica\t39\nDa ALALC à ALADI: ideal integracionista e prática protecionista\t39\nUma nova realidade: a sub-regionalização da integração\t42\n\n4. A relação Brasil-Argentina: do conflito à cooperação\t46\nAntecedentes do MERCOSUL\t46\nBrasil-Argentina: do conflito à cooperação\t47\nO aprofundamento da integração\t48\nA Ata de Buenos Aires: aceleração do processo\t49\n\n5. O MERCOSUL na fase de transição\t51\nO Tratado de Assunção e a experiência integracionista anterior\t51\nEtapas da união aduaneira no MERCOSUL\t52\nO Protocolo de Ouro Preto e a Tarifa Externa Comum\t55\n\n6. Estrutura institucional do MERCOSUL\t57\nOs órgãos do MERCOSUL\t57\nComparação com o modelo europeu\t58\nO sistema de solução de controvérsias\t60\nA questão da supranacionalidade\t64\n\n7. O futuro do MERCOSUL: dilemas e opções\t68\nOpções extremas: entre um mercado comum completo e a ALCA\t70\nOpções de Realpolitik: a grande estratégia do MERCOSUL\t75\nA agenda institucional do MERCOSUL: direito comunitário?\t77\nO futuro do MERCOSUL: a work in progress\t81\n\n8. Cronologia dos processos integracionistas no hemisfério\t85\nOrigens e desenvolvimento da ideia integracionista\t85\nO processo Brasil-Argentina: o Mercado Comum do Sul\t88\nO MERCOSUL: etapas e desenvolvimento institucional\t89\nO processo de integração hemisférica: a ALCA\t92\nDesenvolvimentos recentes e agenda futura da integração\t93\n\n9. Documentos fundamentais\t94\nTratado de Assunção (26/03/1991)\t94\nProtocolo de Ouro Preto (17/12/1994)\t110\nProtocolo de Brasília para a solução de controvérsias (17/12/1991)\t122\n\nGlossário\t129\nBibliografia selecionada sobre o MERCOSUL e a integração\t136\nBiobibliografia do autor\t140\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":62444532,"asset_id":42290608,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":7851066,"first_name":"Paulo Roberto","last_name":"de Almeida","domain_name":"unb","page_name":"PauloRobertodeAlmeida","display_name":"Paulo Roberto de Almeida","profile_url":"https://unb.academia.edu/PauloRobertodeAlmeida?f_ri=16681","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/7851066/2776432/66447948/s65_paulo_roberto.de_almeida.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":388,"name":"Latin American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_Studies?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":3827,"name":"Brazilian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brazilian_Studies?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":16681,"name":"Economic integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_integration?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":28046,"name":"Regional Integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Integration?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":40218,"name":"Mercosur/Mercosul","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mercosur_Mercosul?f_ri=16681"},{"id":45963,"name":"Mercosur","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mercosur?f_ri=16681"},{"id":99915,"name":"Integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integration?f_ri=16681"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_72090786" data-work_id="72090786" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/72090786/Exchange_Rate_Volatility_and_Economic_Growth">Exchange Rate Volatility and Economic Growth</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This paper examines the impact of exchange rate volatility on economic growth. An empirical investigation based on a sample of 45 developing and emerging countries over the period of 1985~2015 is conducted using the difference and system... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_72090786" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper examines the impact of exchange rate volatility on economic growth. An empirical investigation based on a sample of 45 developing and emerging countries over the period of 1985~2015 is conducted using the difference and system generalized method of moments estimators. Findings suggest that the generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity-based measure of nominal and real exchange rate volatility has a negative impact on economic growth. Also, the effect of exchange rate volatility depends on the exchange rate regimes and financial openness, that is, volatility is more harmful when countries adopt flexible exchange rate regimes and financial openness.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/72090786" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f3879978fb87593c1ac893492949be9c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":81160300,"asset_id":72090786,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/81160300/download_file?st=MTc0MDA0ODY0Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="28376325" href="https://nbu-sa.academia.edu/OusamaBenSalha">Ousama Ben-Salha</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="28376325" type="text/json">{"id":28376325,"first_name":"Ousama","last_name":"Ben-Salha","domain_name":"nbu-sa","page_name":"OusamaBenSalha","display_name":"Ousama Ben-Salha","profile_url":"https://nbu-sa.academia.edu/OusamaBenSalha?f_ri=16681","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_72090786 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="72090786"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 72090786, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_72090786", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_72090786 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 72090786; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_72090786"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_72090786 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="72090786"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 72090786; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=72090786]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_72090786").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_72090786").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="72090786"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16681" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_integration">Economic integration</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="16681" type="text/json">{"id":16681,"name":"Economic integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_integration?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="27659" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Economics">Applied Economics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="27659" type="text/json">{"id":27659,"name":"Applied Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Economics?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=72090786]'), work: {"id":72090786,"title":"Exchange Rate Volatility and Economic Growth","created_at":"2022-02-21T04:30:54.486-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/72090786/Exchange_Rate_Volatility_and_Economic_Growth?f_ri=16681","dom_id":"work_72090786","summary":"This paper examines the impact of exchange rate volatility on economic growth. An empirical investigation based on a sample of 45 developing and emerging countries over the period of 1985~2015 is conducted using the difference and system generalized method of moments estimators. Findings suggest that the generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity-based measure of nominal and real exchange rate volatility has a negative impact on economic growth. Also, the effect of exchange rate volatility depends on the exchange rate regimes and financial openness, that is, volatility is more harmful when countries adopt flexible exchange rate regimes and financial openness.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":81160300,"asset_id":72090786,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":28376325,"first_name":"Ousama","last_name":"Ben-Salha","domain_name":"nbu-sa","page_name":"OusamaBenSalha","display_name":"Ousama Ben-Salha","profile_url":"https://nbu-sa.academia.edu/OusamaBenSalha?f_ri=16681","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":16681,"name":"Economic integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_integration?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":27659,"name":"Applied Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Economics?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_30363891" data-work_id="30363891" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/30363891/Social_Integration_of_Immigrants_A_SWOT_Analysis">Social Integration of Immigrants: A SWOT Analysis</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Civil War in Syria created a large scale humanitarian crisis causing a mass human migration up to seven million in total. The largest neighboring country-Turkey has the greatest number of Syrian refugees exceeding 2.7 million. In the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_30363891" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Civil War in Syria created a large scale humanitarian crisis causing a mass human migration up to seven million in total. The largest neighboring country-Turkey has the greatest number of Syrian refugees exceeding 2.7 million. In the expectation of a quick resolution for the conflict and sending the immigrants back, the host country has taken only palliative temporary actions. This study investigates the options that Turkey has for the immigration problem. Elaborating on integration techniques for immigrants, the paper suggests possible policies for implementation of social integration in the future decades. Based on strategic management principles, the author presents advantages and disadvantages of integration, maintenance of status quo, and prevention of immigration.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/30363891" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="610353286b9d8399bb0330bcdbe20637" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50815304,"asset_id":30363891,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50815304/download_file?st=MTc0MDA0ODY0Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="7696779" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SahinBahadir">Bahadir Sahin</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="7696779" type="text/json">{"id":7696779,"first_name":"Bahadir","last_name":"Sahin","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SahinBahadir","display_name":"Bahadir Sahin","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SahinBahadir?f_ri=16681","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/7696779/6641716/13183956/s65_bahadir.sahin.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_30363891 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="30363891"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 30363891, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_30363891", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_30363891 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 30363891; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_30363891"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_30363891 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="30363891"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 30363891; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=30363891]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_30363891").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_30363891").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="30363891"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">44</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="799" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Administration">Public Administration</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="799" type="text/json">{"id":799,"name":"Public Administration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Administration?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1073" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Management">Public Management</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1073" type="text/json">{"id":1073,"name":"Public Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Management?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2835" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Refugee_Studies">Refugee Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2835" type="text/json">{"id":2835,"name":"Refugee Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Refugee_Studies?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3287" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regulation_And_Governance">Regulation And Governance</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3287" type="text/json">{"id":3287,"name":"Regulation And Governance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regulation_And_Governance?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=30363891]'), work: {"id":30363891,"title":"Social Integration of Immigrants: A SWOT Analysis","created_at":"2016-12-10T04:27:46.885-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/30363891/Social_Integration_of_Immigrants_A_SWOT_Analysis?f_ri=16681","dom_id":"work_30363891","summary":"Civil War in Syria created a large scale humanitarian crisis causing a mass human migration up to seven million in total. The largest neighboring country-Turkey has the greatest number of Syrian refugees exceeding 2.7 million. In the expectation of a quick resolution for the conflict and sending the immigrants back, the host country has taken only palliative temporary actions. This study investigates the options that Turkey has for the immigration problem. Elaborating on integration techniques for immigrants, the paper suggests possible policies for implementation of social integration in the future decades. Based on strategic management principles, the author presents advantages and disadvantages of integration, maintenance of status quo, and prevention of immigration.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50815304,"asset_id":30363891,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":7696779,"first_name":"Bahadir","last_name":"Sahin","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SahinBahadir","display_name":"Bahadir Sahin","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SahinBahadir?f_ri=16681","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/7696779/6641716/13183956/s65_bahadir.sahin.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":799,"name":"Public Administration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Administration?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":1073,"name":"Public Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Management?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":2835,"name":"Refugee Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Refugee_Studies?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":3287,"name":"Regulation And Governance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regulation_And_Governance?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":3843,"name":"Immigration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immigration?f_ri=16681"},{"id":4374,"name":"Immigration Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immigration_Studies?f_ri=16681"},{"id":4986,"name":"Public Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Relations?f_ri=16681"},{"id":5009,"name":"Strategic Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Strategic_Management?f_ri=16681"},{"id":6810,"name":"Public Health Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health_Policy?f_ri=16681"},{"id":6914,"name":"Syrian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Syrian_Studies?f_ri=16681"},{"id":7560,"name":"Public International Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_International_Law?f_ri=16681"},{"id":8009,"name":"Immigration And Integration In Europe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immigration_And_Integration_In_Europe?f_ri=16681"},{"id":12331,"name":"Immigration and Emmigration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immigration_and_Emmigration?f_ri=16681"},{"id":13671,"name":"Refugee Resettlement","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Refugee_Resettlement?f_ri=16681"},{"id":15382,"name":"Syrian History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Syrian_History?f_ri=16681"},{"id":15391,"name":"Syria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Syria?f_ri=16681"},{"id":16681,"name":"Economic integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_integration?f_ri=16681"},{"id":17808,"name":"International Refugee Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Refugee_Law?f_ri=16681"},{"id":18603,"name":"Immigrant Detention","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immigrant_Detention?f_ri=16681"},{"id":29841,"name":"Public Policy Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Policy_Analysis?f_ri=16681"},{"id":33005,"name":"Refugee Camps","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Refugee_Camps?f_ri=16681"},{"id":39869,"name":"Refugees","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Refugees?f_ri=16681"},{"id":46271,"name":"Strategy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Strategy?f_ri=16681"},{"id":48036,"name":"International Migration and Immigration Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Migration_and_Immigration_Policy?f_ri=16681"},{"id":99915,"name":"Integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integration?f_ri=16681"},{"id":122125,"name":"Rights of migrant children \u0026 refugees","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rights_of_migrant_children_and_refugees?f_ri=16681"},{"id":134693,"name":"Refugees and Forced Migration Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Refugees_and_Forced_Migration_Studies?f_ri=16681"},{"id":161014,"name":"Social Integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Integration?f_ri=16681"},{"id":161968,"name":"Displacement","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Displacement?f_ri=16681"},{"id":187534,"name":"SWOT analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/SWOT_analysis?f_ri=16681"},{"id":190249,"name":"Immigrant integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immigrant_integration?f_ri=16681"},{"id":255100,"name":"Asylum and refugees studies, migration and integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Asylum_and_refugees_studies_migration_and_integration?f_ri=16681"},{"id":255252,"name":"Refugees, migration and immigration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Refugees_migration_and_immigration?f_ri=16681"},{"id":380315,"name":"Public Administration and Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Administration_and_Policy?f_ri=16681"},{"id":412534,"name":"Asylum Seekers and Refugees","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Asylum_Seekers_and_Refugees?f_ri=16681"},{"id":512136,"name":"Illegal Immigration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Illegal_Immigration?f_ri=16681"},{"id":575764,"name":"Syrian Conflict","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Syrian_Conflict?f_ri=16681"},{"id":726045,"name":"ANALISIS SWOT","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ANALISIS_SWOT?f_ri=16681"},{"id":750224,"name":"Refugees Issues","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Refugees_Issues?f_ri=16681"},{"id":939074,"name":"Immigration Status \u0026 Nationality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immigration_Status_and_Nationality?f_ri=16681"},{"id":985148,"name":"Syrian Refugee Crisis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Syrian_Refugee_Crisis?f_ri=16681"},{"id":1059087,"name":"Syrian Civil War","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Syrian_Civil_War?f_ri=16681"},{"id":1137018,"name":"Syria Civil War","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Syria_Civil_War?f_ri=16681"},{"id":1723635,"name":"Public Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Policy?f_ri=16681"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_18350621" data-work_id="18350621" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/18350621/Assessing_the_Impact_of_the_EU_sponsored_Trade_Liberalization_in_the_MENA_Countries">Assessing the Impact of the EU-sponsored Trade Liberalization in the MENA Countries</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The EU-sponsored Barcelona conference in 1995 set the ambitious goal of creating the Euro-Mediterranean Free Trade Area (EUROMED) that would include the European Union and the MENA countries by 2010. The intermediate steps towards... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_18350621" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The EU-sponsored Barcelona conference in 1995 set the ambitious goal of creating the Euro-Mediterranean Free Trade Area (EUROMED) that would include the European Union and the MENA countries by 2010. The intermediate steps towards building the EUROMED have involved bilateral "vertical" trade liberalization between the EU and the particular MENA countries as well as "horizontal" trade liberalization among themselves. In this paper we evaluate empirically the effects of the new EU Association Agreements with the MENA countries using the augmented gravity equations derived from a variety of neoclassical and new trade theory models and panel data for the period 1980-2004. We find that while these agreements increased significantly imports of the MENA countries from the EU they had no positive impact on their exports to the EU which can be attributed to the asymmetry in trade liberalization between the EU and the MENA countries.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/18350621" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a65cebf302dbb18103a4d6c1b851bd24" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":40008466,"asset_id":18350621,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40008466/download_file?st=MTc0MDA0ODY0Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="38191701" href="https://uw.academia.edu/JHagemejer">Jan Hagemejer</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="38191701" type="text/json">{"id":38191701,"first_name":"Jan","last_name":"Hagemejer","domain_name":"uw","page_name":"JHagemejer","display_name":"Jan Hagemejer","profile_url":"https://uw.academia.edu/JHagemejer?f_ri=16681","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/38191701/29289139/27277448/s65_jan.hagemejer.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_18350621 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="18350621"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 18350621, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_18350621", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_18350621 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 18350621; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_18350621"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_18350621 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="18350621"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 18350621; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=18350621]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_18350621").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_18350621").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="18350621"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10347" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Union">European Union</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10347" type="text/json">{"id":10347,"name":"European Union","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Union?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16681" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_integration">Economic integration</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="16681" type="text/json">{"id":16681,"name":"Economic integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_integration?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="27659" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Economics">Applied Economics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="27659" type="text/json">{"id":27659,"name":"Applied Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Economics?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="40860" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Panel_Data">Panel Data</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="40860" type="text/json">{"id":40860,"name":"Panel Data","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Panel_Data?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=18350621]'), work: {"id":18350621,"title":"Assessing the Impact of the EU-sponsored Trade Liberalization in the MENA Countries","created_at":"2015-11-14T14:40:38.057-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/18350621/Assessing_the_Impact_of_the_EU_sponsored_Trade_Liberalization_in_the_MENA_Countries?f_ri=16681","dom_id":"work_18350621","summary":"The EU-sponsored Barcelona conference in 1995 set the ambitious goal of creating the Euro-Mediterranean Free Trade Area (EUROMED) that would include the European Union and the MENA countries by 2010. The intermediate steps towards building the EUROMED have involved bilateral \"vertical\" trade liberalization between the EU and the particular MENA countries as well as \"horizontal\" trade liberalization among themselves. In this paper we evaluate empirically the effects of the new EU Association Agreements with the MENA countries using the augmented gravity equations derived from a variety of neoclassical and new trade theory models and panel data for the period 1980-2004. We find that while these agreements increased significantly imports of the MENA countries from the EU they had no positive impact on their exports to the EU which can be attributed to the asymmetry in trade liberalization between the EU and the MENA countries.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":40008466,"asset_id":18350621,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":38191701,"first_name":"Jan","last_name":"Hagemejer","domain_name":"uw","page_name":"JHagemejer","display_name":"Jan Hagemejer","profile_url":"https://uw.academia.edu/JHagemejer?f_ri=16681","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/38191701/29289139/27277448/s65_jan.hagemejer.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":10347,"name":"European Union","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Union?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":16681,"name":"Economic integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_integration?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":27659,"name":"Applied Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Economics?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":40860,"name":"Panel Data","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Panel_Data?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":49963,"name":"Gravity Equation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gravity_Equation?f_ri=16681"},{"id":71228,"name":"Trade Liberalization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Trade_Liberalization?f_ri=16681"},{"id":359073,"name":"Free Trade Area","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Free_Trade_Area?f_ri=16681"},{"id":476474,"name":"New Trade Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/New_Trade_Theory?f_ri=16681"},{"id":557162,"name":"Bilateral trade","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bilateral_trade?f_ri=16681"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_38033308" data-work_id="38033308" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/38033308/_NEET_issus_de_l_immigration_pour_une_insertion_plus_nette">«  NEET  » issus de l’immigration : pour une insertion plus nette</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">L’analyse présentée s’intéresse à l’insertion professionnelle des jeunes sans qualifications ou diplômes (NEET) — de surcroît issus de l’immigration. Ce public reste méconnu : qui sont-ils  ? Combien sont-ils  ? Où sont-ils  ? Que... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_38033308" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">L’analyse présentée s’intéresse à l’insertion professionnelle des jeunes sans qualifications ou diplômes (NEET) — de surcroît issus de l’immigration. Ce public reste méconnu : qui sont-ils  ? Combien sont-ils  ? Où sont-ils  ? Que font-ils  ? De quoi vivent-ils  ? Quelles sont les pistes qui leur sont proposées  ? Avec quels résultats  ?... Ce sont les nombreuses questions que Joseph Gatugu et Altay Manço tentent rencontrer et leurs réponses critiques révèlent la complexité du travail d’insertion professionnelle avec ce groupe hétérogène.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/38033308" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="cdca58e224776901b250fed52619f433" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":58056616,"asset_id":38033308,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58056616/download_file?st=MTc0MDA0ODY0Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="344651" href="https://irfam.academia.edu/AltayAndMan%C3%A7o">Altay A Manço</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="344651" type="text/json">{"id":344651,"first_name":"Altay","last_name":"Manço","domain_name":"irfam","page_name":"AltayAndManço","display_name":"Altay A Manço","profile_url":"https://irfam.academia.edu/AltayAndMan%C3%A7o?f_ri=16681","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/344651/93936/104910/s65_altay_and.man_o.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_38033308 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="38033308"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38033308, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_38033308", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_38033308 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38033308; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_38033308"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_38033308 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="38033308"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38033308; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38033308]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_38033308").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_38033308").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="38033308"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6196" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adult_Continuing_and_Professional_Education">Adult Continuing and Professional Education</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6196" type="text/json">{"id":6196,"name":"Adult Continuing and Professional Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adult_Continuing_and_Professional_Education?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7313" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Labor_Migration">Labor Migration</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7313" type="text/json">{"id":7313,"name":"Labor Migration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Labor_Migration?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14730" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Migration_Studies">Migration Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="14730" type="text/json">{"id":14730,"name":"Migration Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Migration_Studies?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16681" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_integration">Economic integration</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="16681" type="text/json">{"id":16681,"name":"Economic integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_integration?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=38033308]'), work: {"id":38033308,"title":"«  NEET  » issus de l’immigration : pour une insertion plus nette","created_at":"2018-12-24T06:51:52.032-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/38033308/_NEET_issus_de_l_immigration_pour_une_insertion_plus_nette?f_ri=16681","dom_id":"work_38033308","summary":"L’analyse présentée s’intéresse à l’insertion professionnelle des jeunes sans qualifications ou diplômes (NEET) — de surcroît issus de l’immigration. Ce public reste méconnu : qui sont-ils  ? Combien sont-ils  ? Où sont-ils  ? Que font-ils  ? De quoi vivent-ils  ? Quelles sont les pistes qui leur sont proposées  ? Avec quels résultats  ?... Ce sont les nombreuses questions que Joseph Gatugu et Altay Manço tentent rencontrer et leurs réponses critiques révèlent la complexité du travail d’insertion professionnelle avec ce groupe hétérogène.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":58056616,"asset_id":38033308,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":344651,"first_name":"Altay","last_name":"Manço","domain_name":"irfam","page_name":"AltayAndManço","display_name":"Altay A Manço","profile_url":"https://irfam.academia.edu/AltayAndMan%C3%A7o?f_ri=16681","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/344651/93936/104910/s65_altay_and.man_o.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":6196,"name":"Adult Continuing and Professional Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adult_Continuing_and_Professional_Education?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":7313,"name":"Labor Migration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Labor_Migration?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":14730,"name":"Migration Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Migration_Studies?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":16681,"name":"Economic integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_integration?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":99915,"name":"Integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integration?f_ri=16681"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_49061119" data-work_id="49061119" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/49061119/Les_voies_de_communication_terrestres_transfrontali%C3%A8res_et_le_processus_d_int%C3%A9gration_r%C3%A9gionale_entre_le_Cameroun_et_les_pays_d_Afrique_centrale_1920_2016_">Les voies de communication terrestres transfrontalières et le processus d’intégration régionale entre le Cameroun et les pays d’Afrique centrale (1920-2016)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">À partir de l’évolution de la configuration réticulaire des voies de communication terrestres transfrontalières, cette thèse propose une analyse historique du processus d’intégration régionale entre le Cameroun et les pays limitrophes... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_49061119" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">À partir de l’évolution de la configuration réticulaire des voies de communication terrestres transfrontalières, cette thèse propose une analyse historique du processus d’intégration régionale entre le Cameroun et les pays limitrophes d’Afrique Centrale entre 1920 et 2016. Il s’agit de répondre à la préoccupation de savoir comment est-ce que, du point de vue du Cameroun, la construction desdites voies a influencé son rapport à ses voisins durant la période indiquée. Les méthodes de recherche et d’analyse historique sont couplées à la pluridisciplinarité. La démarche diachronique articule les mutations en deux temps.<br />Le temps colonial va de 1920 à 1960. Il est marqué, durant l’entre-deux-guerres, par des investissements importants en infrastructures de transports terrestres de la part de l’administration coloniale française pour projeter l’économie du Cameroun vers les colonies d’Afrique Centrale et leur faire profiter de sa position stratégique. Un processus d’intégration de fait s’esquisse entre le Cameroun et l’AEF. Toutefois, dès les années 1930 l’administration coloniale pense avoir établi la quantité de liaisons interterritoriales nécessaire pour susciter des interactions économiques entre le Cameroun et l’AEF. De 1940 à 1960 l’on constate une baisse progressive de l’intensité des travaux. En effet, le contexte politique heurte les enjeux économiques malgré la planification après 1945. La symétrie entre constructions des routes transfrontalières et désir d’exploitation économique harmonisée des territoires du Cameroun et de l’AEF qui cède à la construction d’un espace politique fragmentée au voisinage de 1960.<br />C’est dans ce contexte que le Cameroun et ses voisins de l’ex-AEF (Gabon, Congo, République Centrafricaine et Tchad) accèdent à l’indépendance. Considérablement, l’intégration est à reconstruire entre ces territoires qui décident de former une union douanière en 1964. Le Cameroun et ses voisins de l’UDÉAC l’envisagent tout en campant sur l’héritage matériel et immatériel (politique) colonial. Il est en résulte une stagnation du réseau routier transfrontalier et une dynamique d’intégration atténuée durant les trente-cinq ans de l’union. L’avènement de la CÉMAC en 1994 s’accompagne d’une cascade de projets d’infrastructures. Le Cameroun apparaît comme le point de départ ou d’aboutissement de plusieurs d’entre eux dans le sillage des travaux qui s’en suivent. Il en découle une redynamisation du processus d’intégration régionale avec les pays de la sous-région. Cependant, il est désormais sous l’influence de la mondialisation et du capital néolibéral.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/49061119" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="05b6771103cd44b6c0c595839e942a53" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":67452368,"asset_id":49061119,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67452368/download_file?st=MTc0MDA0ODY0Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="10627405" href="https://uni-jena.academia.edu/LudovicNjuh">Ludovic Njuh</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="10627405" type="text/json">{"id":10627405,"first_name":"Ludovic","last_name":"Njuh","domain_name":"uni-jena","page_name":"LudovicNjuh","display_name":"Ludovic Njuh","profile_url":"https://uni-jena.academia.edu/LudovicNjuh?f_ri=16681","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/10627405/5164545/45390495/s65_ludovic_boris.pountougnigni_njuh.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_49061119 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="49061119"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 49061119, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_49061119", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_49061119 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 49061119; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_49061119"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_49061119 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="49061119"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 49061119; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=49061119]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_49061119").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_49061119").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="49061119"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">19</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="797" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations">International Relations</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="797" type="text/json">{"id":797,"name":"International Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2726" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Regionalism_Architecture_">Critical Regionalism (Architecture)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2726" type="text/json">{"id":2726,"name":"Critical Regionalism (Architecture)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Regionalism_Architecture_?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2860" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postcolonial_Studies">Postcolonial Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2860" type="text/json">{"id":2860,"name":"Postcolonial Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postcolonial_Studies?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2953" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transport_Logistics">Transport Logistics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2953" type="text/json">{"id":2953,"name":"Transport Logistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transport_Logistics?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=49061119]'), work: {"id":49061119,"title":"Les voies de communication terrestres transfrontalières et le processus d’intégration régionale entre le Cameroun et les pays d’Afrique centrale (1920-2016)","created_at":"2021-05-28T10:58:18.668-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/49061119/Les_voies_de_communication_terrestres_transfrontali%C3%A8res_et_le_processus_d_int%C3%A9gration_r%C3%A9gionale_entre_le_Cameroun_et_les_pays_d_Afrique_centrale_1920_2016_?f_ri=16681","dom_id":"work_49061119","summary":"À partir de l’évolution de la configuration réticulaire des voies de communication terrestres transfrontalières, cette thèse propose une analyse historique du processus d’intégration régionale entre le Cameroun et les pays limitrophes d’Afrique Centrale entre 1920 et 2016. Il s’agit de répondre à la préoccupation de savoir comment est-ce que, du point de vue du Cameroun, la construction desdites voies a influencé son rapport à ses voisins durant la période indiquée. Les méthodes de recherche et d’analyse historique sont couplées à la pluridisciplinarité. La démarche diachronique articule les mutations en deux temps.\nLe temps colonial va de 1920 à 1960. Il est marqué, durant l’entre-deux-guerres, par des investissements importants en infrastructures de transports terrestres de la part de l’administration coloniale française pour projeter l’économie du Cameroun vers les colonies d’Afrique Centrale et leur faire profiter de sa position stratégique. Un processus d’intégration de fait s’esquisse entre le Cameroun et l’AEF. Toutefois, dès les années 1930 l’administration coloniale pense avoir établi la quantité de liaisons interterritoriales nécessaire pour susciter des interactions économiques entre le Cameroun et l’AEF. De 1940 à 1960 l’on constate une baisse progressive de l’intensité des travaux. En effet, le contexte politique heurte les enjeux économiques malgré la planification après 1945. La symétrie entre constructions des routes transfrontalières et désir d’exploitation économique harmonisée des territoires du Cameroun et de l’AEF qui cède à la construction d’un espace politique fragmentée au voisinage de 1960.\nC’est dans ce contexte que le Cameroun et ses voisins de l’ex-AEF (Gabon, Congo, République Centrafricaine et Tchad) accèdent à l’indépendance. Considérablement, l’intégration est à reconstruire entre ces territoires qui décident de former une union douanière en 1964. Le Cameroun et ses voisins de l’UDÉAC l’envisagent tout en campant sur l’héritage matériel et immatériel (politique) colonial. Il est en résulte une stagnation du réseau routier transfrontalier et une dynamique d’intégration atténuée durant les trente-cinq ans de l’union. L’avènement de la CÉMAC en 1994 s’accompagne d’une cascade de projets d’infrastructures. Le Cameroun apparaît comme le point de départ ou d’aboutissement de plusieurs d’entre eux dans le sillage des travaux qui s’en suivent. Il en découle une redynamisation du processus d’intégration régionale avec les pays de la sous-région. Cependant, il est désormais sous l’influence de la mondialisation et du capital néolibéral.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":67452368,"asset_id":49061119,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":10627405,"first_name":"Ludovic","last_name":"Njuh","domain_name":"uni-jena","page_name":"LudovicNjuh","display_name":"Ludovic Njuh","profile_url":"https://uni-jena.academia.edu/LudovicNjuh?f_ri=16681","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/10627405/5164545/45390495/s65_ludovic_boris.pountougnigni_njuh.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":797,"name":"International Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":2726,"name":"Critical Regionalism (Architecture)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Regionalism_Architecture_?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":2860,"name":"Postcolonial Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postcolonial_Studies?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":2953,"name":"Transport Logistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transport_Logistics?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":3474,"name":"Community Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Development?f_ri=16681"},{"id":3896,"name":"African History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_History?f_ri=16681"},{"id":4568,"name":"Liberalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Liberalism?f_ri=16681"},{"id":6276,"name":"International Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Political_Economy?f_ri=16681"},{"id":10495,"name":"Nationalism And State Building","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nationalism_And_State_Building?f_ri=16681"},{"id":14730,"name":"Migration Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Migration_Studies?f_ri=16681"},{"id":16681,"name":"Economic integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_integration?f_ri=16681"},{"id":17920,"name":"Social Constructionism/ Constructivism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Constructionism_Constructivism?f_ri=16681"},{"id":21373,"name":"Central Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Central_Africa?f_ri=16681"},{"id":22145,"name":"Federalism and Intergovernmental Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Federalism_and_Intergovernmental_Relations?f_ri=16681"},{"id":22965,"name":"Political Economy of International Trade","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Economy_of_International_Trade?f_ri=16681"},{"id":28046,"name":"Regional Integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Integration?f_ri=16681"},{"id":49396,"name":"African Union","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_Union?f_ri=16681"},{"id":139454,"name":"Colonial and Postcolonial History of Congo","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Colonial_and_Postcolonial_History_of_Congo?f_ri=16681"},{"id":1019273,"name":"Colonialism and Imperialism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Colonialism_and_Imperialism?f_ri=16681"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1124888 coauthored" data-work_id="1124888" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1124888/Romania_Eu_Actual_and_Potential_Trade">Romania-Eu Actual and Potential Trade</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1124888" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="fe40feb270dc263cb26079d28f685d69" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":30915702,"asset_id":1124888,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/30915702/download_file?st=MTc0MDA0ODY0Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="912222" href="https://unina2.academia.edu/FrancescoPastore">Francesco Pastore</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="912222" type="text/json">{"id":912222,"first_name":"Francesco","last_name":"Pastore","domain_name":"unina2","page_name":"FrancescoPastore","display_name":"Francesco Pastore","profile_url":"https://unina2.academia.edu/FrancescoPastore?f_ri=16681","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/912222/338419/433682/s65_francesco.pastore.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-1124888">+2</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-1124888"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/giorgiagiovannetti">giorgia giovannetti</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://unisa-it.academia.edu/AnnaFerragina">Anna Ferragina</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-1124888'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-1124888').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1124888 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1124888"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1124888, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_1124888", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_1124888 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1124888; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_1124888"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_1124888 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="1124888"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1124888; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1124888]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_1124888").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_1124888").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="1124888"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16681" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_integration">Economic integration</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="16681" type="text/json">{"id":16681,"name":"Economic integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_integration?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="49963" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gravity_Equation">Gravity Equation</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="49963" type="text/json">{"id":49963,"name":"Gravity Equation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gravity_Equation?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=1124888]'), work: {"id":1124888,"title":"Romania-Eu Actual and Potential Trade","created_at":"2011-11-29T22:37:29.560-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/1124888/Romania_Eu_Actual_and_Potential_Trade?f_ri=16681","dom_id":"work_1124888","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":30915702,"asset_id":1124888,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":912222,"first_name":"Francesco","last_name":"Pastore","domain_name":"unina2","page_name":"FrancescoPastore","display_name":"Francesco Pastore","profile_url":"https://unina2.academia.edu/FrancescoPastore?f_ri=16681","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/912222/338419/433682/s65_francesco.pastore.jpg"},{"id":6901682,"first_name":"giorgia","last_name":"giovannetti","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"giorgiagiovannetti","display_name":"giorgia giovannetti","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/giorgiagiovannetti?f_ri=16681","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":38189201,"first_name":"Anna","last_name":"Ferragina","domain_name":"unisa-it","page_name":"AnnaFerragina","display_name":"Anna Ferragina","profile_url":"https://unisa-it.academia.edu/AnnaFerragina?f_ri=16681","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":16681,"name":"Economic integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_integration?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":49963,"name":"Gravity Equation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gravity_Equation?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1571871" data-work_id="1571871" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1571871/The_Impact_of_Trade_Liberalization_on_Regional_Disparities_in_Mexico">The Impact of Trade Liberalization on Regional Disparities in Mexico</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">After a long period of industrialization based on import substitution (ISI), Mexico started to open up its economy by accessing the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) in 1986. The exportpromotion strategy was transformed into... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_1571871" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">After a long period of industrialization based on import substitution (ISI), Mexico started to open up its economy by accessing the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) in 1986. The exportpromotion strategy was transformed into one of regional integration with the signing of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) in 1994. The paper explores the impact of the opening of the economy on regional disparities in Mexico using 6 and +-convergence analyses. Four different samples have been employed to control for possible data bias linked to the inclusion of oil-producing and maquiladora-based states. The results show that whereas the final stages of the ISI period were dominated by convergence trends, trade liberalization (GATT) and economic integration (NAFTA) have led to divergence. In particular, the NAFTA period is related to divergence regardless of the type of analysis chosen and the sample used.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1571871" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="028214c83409be19dffc23dd3bb31a74" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50926070,"asset_id":1571871,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50926070/download_file?st=MTc0MDA0ODY0Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1774159" href="https://zakirhusaindelhicollege.academia.edu/sujitbasu">sujit basu</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1774159" type="text/json">{"id":1774159,"first_name":"sujit","last_name":"basu","domain_name":"zakirhusaindelhicollege","page_name":"sujitbasu","display_name":"sujit basu","profile_url":"https://zakirhusaindelhicollege.academia.edu/sujitbasu?f_ri=16681","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1774159/607779/755000/s65_sujit.basu.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1571871 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1571871"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1571871, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_1571871", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_1571871 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1571871; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_1571871"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_1571871 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="1571871"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1571871; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1571871]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_1571871").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_1571871").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="1571871"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="262" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Geography">Human Geography</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="262" type="text/json">{"id":262,"name":"Human Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Geography?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16681" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_integration">Economic integration</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="16681" type="text/json">{"id":16681,"name":"Economic integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_integration?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="20436" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urban_And_Regional_Planning">Urban And Regional Planning</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="20436" type="text/json">{"id":20436,"name":"Urban And Regional Planning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urban_And_Regional_Planning?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="27659" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Economics">Applied Economics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="27659" type="text/json">{"id":27659,"name":"Applied Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Economics?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=1571871]'), work: {"id":1571871,"title":"The Impact of Trade Liberalization on Regional Disparities in Mexico","created_at":"2012-05-18T13:50:02.361-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/1571871/The_Impact_of_Trade_Liberalization_on_Regional_Disparities_in_Mexico?f_ri=16681","dom_id":"work_1571871","summary":"After a long period of industrialization based on import substitution (ISI), Mexico started to open up its economy by accessing the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) in 1986. The exportpromotion strategy was transformed into one of regional integration with the signing of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) in 1994. The paper explores the impact of the opening of the economy on regional disparities in Mexico using 6 and +-convergence analyses. Four different samples have been employed to control for possible data bias linked to the inclusion of oil-producing and maquiladora-based states. The results show that whereas the final stages of the ISI period were dominated by convergence trends, trade liberalization (GATT) and economic integration (NAFTA) have led to divergence. In particular, the NAFTA period is related to divergence regardless of the type of analysis chosen and the sample used.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50926070,"asset_id":1571871,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1774159,"first_name":"sujit","last_name":"basu","domain_name":"zakirhusaindelhicollege","page_name":"sujitbasu","display_name":"sujit basu","profile_url":"https://zakirhusaindelhicollege.academia.edu/sujitbasu?f_ri=16681","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1774159/607779/755000/s65_sujit.basu.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":262,"name":"Human Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Geography?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":16681,"name":"Economic integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_integration?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":20436,"name":"Urban And Regional Planning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urban_And_Regional_Planning?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":27659,"name":"Applied Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Economics?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":28046,"name":"Regional Integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Integration?f_ri=16681"},{"id":71228,"name":"Trade Liberalization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Trade_Liberalization?f_ri=16681"},{"id":579160,"name":"Regional disparities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_disparities?f_ri=16681"},{"id":910930,"name":"Facial Growth Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Facial_Growth_Change?f_ri=16681"},{"id":1012874,"name":"North American Free Trade Agreement","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/North_American_Free_Trade_Agreement?f_ri=16681"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_49510634" data-work_id="49510634" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/49510634/SURVIVING_INTERNATIONAL_COMPETITION_ANALYSIS_OF_MEASURES_EMPLOYED_BY_LOCAL_COMPANIES">SURVIVING INTERNATIONAL COMPETITION: ANALYSIS OF MEASURES EMPLOYED BY LOCAL COMPANIES</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The modern world is stepping towards a globalised economy, and not even a single company can shut its eyes to globalisation and escape the challenges caused by globalisation. This paper critically examines the challenges faced by the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_49510634" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The modern world is stepping towards a globalised economy, and not even a single company can shut its eyes to globalisation and escape the challenges caused by globalisation. This paper critically examines the challenges faced by the local companies due to the introduction of Globalisation. It also analyses the impact of global challenges on the local companies. The persistent outstanding barrier for the small and local companies is market competition. Globalisation stimulates competition from large ventures and international companies. MNCs have the capability to eliminate global challenges than small companies. In the matter of reduced barriers and receptiveness of the world, the inexorable procedure of globalisation portrays the projects which are touching the success potentials and risk potentials. Innumerable challenges have been created by the economic globalisation for small and local companies owing to expeditious climb in the competition. Hence, the collapse rate of small companies is climbing the ladder. Correspondingly, small and local companies need to ensue the survival strategies mentioned in the review in order to succeed in challenging the global challenges. Arising out of the industrial revolution until today, irrevocable economic integration persists. The rationale is straightforward, business and profits do not acknowledge the boundaries. Wherever nearly a give and take relationship is created, a business connection is promptly established.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/49510634" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="06ae83577005a31fd934c0d1ca6cd0be" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":67846574,"asset_id":49510634,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67846574/download_file?st=MTc0MDA0ODY0Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="39122404" href="https://iaeme.academia.edu/publication">IAEME Publication</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="39122404" type="text/json">{"id":39122404,"first_name":"IAEME","last_name":"Publication","domain_name":"iaeme","page_name":"publication","display_name":"IAEME Publication","profile_url":"https://iaeme.academia.edu/publication?f_ri=16681","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/39122404/12178523/13563629/s65_iaeme.publication.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_49510634 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="49510634"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 49510634, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_49510634", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_49510634 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 49510634; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_49510634"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_49510634 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="49510634"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 49510634; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=49510634]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_49510634").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_49510634").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="49510634"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1439" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Globalization">Globalization</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1439" type="text/json">{"id":1439,"name":"Globalization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Globalization?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9659" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Internationalization">Internationalization</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9659" type="text/json">{"id":9659,"name":"Internationalization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Internationalization?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16681" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_integration">Economic integration</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="16681" type="text/json">{"id":16681,"name":"Economic integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_integration?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="44290" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Smes">Smes</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="44290" type="text/json">{"id":44290,"name":"Smes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Smes?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=49510634]'), work: {"id":49510634,"title":"SURVIVING INTERNATIONAL COMPETITION: ANALYSIS OF MEASURES EMPLOYED BY LOCAL COMPANIES","created_at":"2021-07-02T06:14:55.645-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/49510634/SURVIVING_INTERNATIONAL_COMPETITION_ANALYSIS_OF_MEASURES_EMPLOYED_BY_LOCAL_COMPANIES?f_ri=16681","dom_id":"work_49510634","summary":"The modern world is stepping towards a globalised economy, and not even a single company can shut its eyes to globalisation and escape the challenges caused by globalisation. This paper critically examines the challenges faced by the local companies due to the introduction of Globalisation. It also analyses the impact of global challenges on the local companies. The persistent outstanding barrier for the small and local companies is market competition. Globalisation stimulates competition from large ventures and international companies. MNCs have the capability to eliminate global challenges than small companies. In the matter of reduced barriers and receptiveness of the world, the inexorable procedure of globalisation portrays the projects which are touching the success potentials and risk potentials. Innumerable challenges have been created by the economic globalisation for small and local companies owing to expeditious climb in the competition. Hence, the collapse rate of small companies is climbing the ladder. Correspondingly, small and local companies need to ensue the survival strategies mentioned in the review in order to succeed in challenging the global challenges. Arising out of the industrial revolution until today, irrevocable economic integration persists. The rationale is straightforward, business and profits do not acknowledge the boundaries. Wherever nearly a give and take relationship is created, a business connection is promptly established.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":67846574,"asset_id":49510634,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":39122404,"first_name":"IAEME","last_name":"Publication","domain_name":"iaeme","page_name":"publication","display_name":"IAEME Publication","profile_url":"https://iaeme.academia.edu/publication?f_ri=16681","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/39122404/12178523/13563629/s65_iaeme.publication.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1439,"name":"Globalization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Globalization?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":9659,"name":"Internationalization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Internationalization?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":16681,"name":"Economic integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_integration?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":44290,"name":"Smes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Smes?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":917463,"name":"Survival Strategies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Survival_Strategies?f_ri=16681"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_27053955" data-work_id="27053955" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/27053955/NAFTA_JAKO_ALTERNATYWNA_FORMA_INTEGRACJI_GOSPODARCZEJ_docx">NAFTA JAKO ALTERNATYWNA FORMA INTEGRACJI GOSPODARCZEJ.docx</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">NAFTA, or NORTH AMERICAN FREE TRADE AGREEMENT, is a trade block that is substantially different from the European Union and in particular by its simple institutional set-up. Consequently, it is less bureaucratized and easier to manage. As... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_27053955" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">NAFTA, or NORTH AMERICAN FREE TRADE AGREEMENT, is a trade block that is substantially different from the European Union and in particular by its simple institutional set-up. Consequently, it is less bureaucratized and easier to manage.<br />As such it could be used as a model for some inspiring economies willing to more integrate without the unnecessary burden of such an bureaucratized institutional set-up</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/27053955" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2373472ccfbaa3d5bc3854faf8bf0178" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":47308543,"asset_id":27053955,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47308543/download_file?st=MTc0MDA0ODY0Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="51070045" href="https://krosno24.academia.edu/IgnacyChrzanowski">Ignacy Chrzanowski</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="51070045" type="text/json">{"id":51070045,"first_name":"Ignacy","last_name":"Chrzanowski","domain_name":"krosno24","page_name":"IgnacyChrzanowski","display_name":"Ignacy Chrzanowski","profile_url":"https://krosno24.academia.edu/IgnacyChrzanowski?f_ri=16681","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_27053955 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="27053955"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 27053955, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_27053955", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_27053955 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 27053955; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_27053955"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_27053955 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="27053955"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 27053955; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=27053955]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_27053955").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_27053955").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="27053955"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i></div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl6x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16681" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_integration">Economic integration</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="16681" type="text/json">{"id":16681,"name":"Economic integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_integration?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (false) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=27053955]'), work: {"id":27053955,"title":"NAFTA JAKO ALTERNATYWNA FORMA INTEGRACJI GOSPODARCZEJ.docx","created_at":"2016-07-17T18:37:51.014-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/27053955/NAFTA_JAKO_ALTERNATYWNA_FORMA_INTEGRACJI_GOSPODARCZEJ_docx?f_ri=16681","dom_id":"work_27053955","summary":"NAFTA, or NORTH AMERICAN FREE TRADE AGREEMENT, is a trade block that is substantially different from the European Union and in particular by its simple institutional set-up. Consequently, it is less bureaucratized and easier to manage.\nAs such it could be used as a model for some inspiring economies willing to more integrate without the unnecessary burden of such an bureaucratized institutional set-up\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":47308543,"asset_id":27053955,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":51070045,"first_name":"Ignacy","last_name":"Chrzanowski","domain_name":"krosno24","page_name":"IgnacyChrzanowski","display_name":"Ignacy Chrzanowski","profile_url":"https://krosno24.academia.edu/IgnacyChrzanowski?f_ri=16681","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":16681,"name":"Economic integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_integration?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_40741527" data-work_id="40741527" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/40741527/Analyzing_Two_Main_Obstacles_to_the_Achievement_of_the_Local_Integration_of_Refugees_in_Europe">Analyzing Two Main Obstacles to the Achievement of the Local Integration of Refugees in Europe</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The refugee issue which has been termed a crisis in Europe has almost become a household discussion; not only has the ‘crisis’(UNHCR, ) lingered for years, but it in turn created more problems to which the international community seeks... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_40741527" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The refugee issue which has been termed a crisis in Europe has almost become a household discussion; not only has the ‘crisis’(UNHCR, ) lingered for years, but it in turn created more problems to which the international community seeks solutions for.(D.W.COM); Postelnicescu, 2016; Schilling et al., 2017). The need for durable solutions to the Refugee crisis, stems from the protracted and equally continuous nature of the situation, leading many states to shut their doors to reception of new asylum seekers.(Patrick Wintour, 2017; Woolsey, 2018). While the UNHCR and other stakeholders desire longer lasting solutions beyond life in an asylum camp, the former has however promoted Local integration as one of such solutions to the crisis.(United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, )  <br />For Europe however, the local integration of refugees has become the new challenge.(For europe, integrating refugees is the next big challenge.2016) A number of reasons underscore this challenge. The forerunner of them being the difficulty in defining such a concept that has both legal and social dimensions, and therefore understanding how encompassing it should be.(Ager & Strang, 2008). Besides the definition challenge, “lack of early community preparation and involvement”, as well the structure of integration policies which focuses mainly on refugees’ economic integration, and which places the burden to integrate mainly, (if not only) on refugees (what I refer to as a one-sided approach) all contribute to obstacles in local integration in Europe. The consequential shortcomings of this approach to local integration, have made it increasingly crucial to re-evaluate related practices and policies for the sake of the sustainability of an inevitably more diverse host society, and to prevent the perpetuation of division among communities. A two-sided approach of a well-rounded integration program, multifaceted, involving different layers of the society, as well as the entire community is an ideal durable solution for the refugee situation facing Europe. <br />It is based on this premise that this paper will describe and analyze two main types of obstacles that slow down, or in many cases hinder the integration of refugees in Europe.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/40741527" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b64b25dfc2dffeb286e1e20d7660fd2d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":80478261,"asset_id":40741527,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/80478261/download_file?st=MTc0MDA0ODY0Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="27908743" href="https://uec.academia.edu/MiracleUche">Miracle C Uche</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="27908743" type="text/json">{"id":27908743,"first_name":"Miracle","last_name":"Uche","domain_name":"uec","page_name":"MiracleUche","display_name":"Miracle C Uche","profile_url":"https://uec.academia.edu/MiracleUche?f_ri=16681","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/27908743/7915972/103575657/s65_miracle.uche.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_40741527 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="40741527"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 40741527, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_40741527", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_40741527 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 40741527; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_40741527"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_40741527 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="40741527"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 40741527; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=40741527]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_40741527").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_40741527").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="40741527"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1218" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_integration">European integration</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1218" type="text/json">{"id":1218,"name":"European integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_integration?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1306" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Law">European Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1306" type="text/json">{"id":1306,"name":"European Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Law?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2835" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Refugee_Studies">Refugee Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2835" type="text/json">{"id":2835,"name":"Refugee Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Refugee_Studies?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11203" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Migration">International Migration</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="11203" type="text/json">{"id":11203,"name":"International Migration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Migration?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=40741527]'), work: {"id":40741527,"title":"Analyzing Two Main Obstacles to the Achievement of the Local Integration of Refugees in Europe","created_at":"2019-10-26T04:37:35.334-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/40741527/Analyzing_Two_Main_Obstacles_to_the_Achievement_of_the_Local_Integration_of_Refugees_in_Europe?f_ri=16681","dom_id":"work_40741527","summary":"The refugee issue which has been termed a crisis in Europe has almost become a household discussion; not only has the ‘crisis’(UNHCR, ) lingered for years, but it in turn created more problems to which the international community seeks solutions for.(D.W.COM); Postelnicescu, 2016; Schilling et al., 2017). The need for durable solutions to the Refugee crisis, stems from the protracted and equally continuous nature of the situation, leading many states to shut their doors to reception of new asylum seekers.(Patrick Wintour, 2017; Woolsey, 2018). While the UNHCR and other stakeholders desire longer lasting solutions beyond life in an asylum camp, the former has however promoted Local integration as one of such solutions to the crisis.(United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, ) \r\nFor Europe however, the local integration of refugees has become the new challenge.(For europe, integrating refugees is the next big challenge.2016) A number of reasons underscore this challenge. The forerunner of them being the difficulty in defining such a concept that has both legal and social dimensions, and therefore understanding how encompassing it should be.(Ager \u0026 Strang, 2008). Besides the definition challenge, “lack of early community preparation and involvement”, as well the structure of integration policies which focuses mainly on refugees’ economic integration, and which places the burden to integrate mainly, (if not only) on refugees (what I refer to as a one-sided approach) all contribute to obstacles in local integration in Europe. The consequential shortcomings of this approach to local integration, have made it increasingly crucial to re-evaluate related practices and policies for the sake of the sustainability of an inevitably more diverse host society, and to prevent the perpetuation of division among communities. A two-sided approach of a well-rounded integration program, multifaceted, involving different layers of the society, as well as the entire community is an ideal durable solution for the refugee situation facing Europe.\r\nIt is based on this premise that this paper will describe and analyze two main types of obstacles that slow down, or in many cases hinder the integration of refugees in Europe. \r\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":80478261,"asset_id":40741527,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":27908743,"first_name":"Miracle","last_name":"Uche","domain_name":"uec","page_name":"MiracleUche","display_name":"Miracle C Uche","profile_url":"https://uec.academia.edu/MiracleUche?f_ri=16681","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/27908743/7915972/103575657/s65_miracle.uche.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1218,"name":"European integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_integration?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":1306,"name":"European Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Law?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":2835,"name":"Refugee Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Refugee_Studies?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":11203,"name":"International Migration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Migration?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":11807,"name":"European Economic Integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Economic_Integration?f_ri=16681"},{"id":13671,"name":"Refugee Resettlement","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Refugee_Resettlement?f_ri=16681"},{"id":14730,"name":"Migration Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Migration_Studies?f_ri=16681"},{"id":16681,"name":"Economic integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_integration?f_ri=16681"},{"id":39869,"name":"Refugees","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Refugees?f_ri=16681"},{"id":99915,"name":"Integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integration?f_ri=16681"},{"id":134693,"name":"Refugees and Forced Migration Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Refugees_and_Forced_Migration_Studies?f_ri=16681"},{"id":186054,"name":"Language and Cultural Integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Language_and_Cultural_Integration?f_ri=16681"},{"id":255100,"name":"Asylum and refugees studies, migration and integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Asylum_and_refugees_studies_migration_and_integration?f_ri=16681"},{"id":373240,"name":"Socio-Cultural Integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Socio-Cultural_Integration?f_ri=16681"},{"id":398394,"name":"Community Integration and Identity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Integration_and_Identity?f_ri=16681"},{"id":750224,"name":"Refugees Issues","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Refugees_Issues?f_ri=16681"},{"id":957247,"name":"Migration and Diaspora Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Migration_and_Diaspora_Studies?f_ri=16681"},{"id":960192,"name":"Integration of Resettled Refugees","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integration_of_Resettled_Refugees?f_ri=16681"},{"id":1004605,"name":"Migration Cultures and Societies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Migration_Cultures_and_Societies?f_ri=16681"},{"id":1339069,"name":"Cultural Integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Integration?f_ri=16681"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_24060506" data-work_id="24060506" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/24060506/Introduction_to_the_special_issue_The_regional_and_urban_effects_of_high_speed_trains">Introduction to the special issue The regional and urban effects of high-speed trains</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">High-speed trains could be used to solve two different accessibility problems. In the first case, where a point to point link is dominant, they are a potential substitute for air travelling. In the second case it links together many... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_24060506" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">High-speed trains could be used to solve two different accessibility problems. In the first case, where a point to point link is dominant, they are a potential substitute for air travelling. In the second case it links together many cities and, hence, creates a new type of region or corridor with a high interregional accessibility. One important hypothesis for the discussion in this paper is the degree to which cities that are linked together into a band of cities by means of a high-speed train connection are transformed to an extended functional region or in other words an integrated corridor economy. This paper particularly examines economic integration in a corridor economy in the short, medium and long term. In considering the short-term perspective we discuss not only the integration of goods and service markets but also the integration of labour markets and markets for shopping, private services and leisure activities. The discussion of the medium term perspective is concentrated on the relocation of households and firms within a high-speed train corridor. To study the long-term integration effects of a high-speed train corridor we maintain that the analysis must be conducted using a genuinely dynamic model for the specialisation of production and, hence, for trade with and transport of goods and services and consequently transport of people.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/24060506" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9e2701123b9d00e15b113341928c89e9" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44432861,"asset_id":24060506,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44432861/download_file?st=MTc0MDA0ODY0Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="46434107" href="https://gmu.academia.edu/KingsleyHaynes">Kingsley E Haynes</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="46434107" type="text/json">{"id":46434107,"first_name":"Kingsley","last_name":"Haynes","domain_name":"gmu","page_name":"KingsleyHaynes","display_name":"Kingsley E Haynes","profile_url":"https://gmu.academia.edu/KingsleyHaynes?f_ri=16681","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_24060506 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="24060506"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 24060506, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_24060506", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_24060506 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 24060506; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_24060506"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_24060506 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="24060506"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 24060506; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=24060506]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_24060506").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_24060506").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="24060506"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="262" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Geography">Human Geography</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="262" type="text/json">{"id":262,"name":"Human Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Geography?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16681" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_integration">Economic integration</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="16681" type="text/json">{"id":16681,"name":"Economic integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_integration?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="20436" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urban_And_Regional_Planning">Urban And Regional Planning</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="20436" type="text/json">{"id":20436,"name":"Urban And Regional Planning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urban_And_Regional_Planning?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="89455" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Services_Marketing-5">Services Marketing</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="89455" type="text/json">{"id":89455,"name":"Services Marketing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Services_Marketing-5?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=24060506]'), work: {"id":24060506,"title":"Introduction to the special issue The regional and urban effects of high-speed trains","created_at":"2016-04-05T05:23:56.343-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/24060506/Introduction_to_the_special_issue_The_regional_and_urban_effects_of_high_speed_trains?f_ri=16681","dom_id":"work_24060506","summary":"High-speed trains could be used to solve two different accessibility problems. In the first case, where a point to point link is dominant, they are a potential substitute for air travelling. In the second case it links together many cities and, hence, creates a new type of region or corridor with a high interregional accessibility. One important hypothesis for the discussion in this paper is the degree to which cities that are linked together into a band of cities by means of a high-speed train connection are transformed to an extended functional region or in other words an integrated corridor economy. This paper particularly examines economic integration in a corridor economy in the short, medium and long term. In considering the short-term perspective we discuss not only the integration of goods and service markets but also the integration of labour markets and markets for shopping, private services and leisure activities. The discussion of the medium term perspective is concentrated on the relocation of households and firms within a high-speed train corridor. To study the long-term integration effects of a high-speed train corridor we maintain that the analysis must be conducted using a genuinely dynamic model for the specialisation of production and, hence, for trade with and transport of goods and services and consequently transport of people.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":44432861,"asset_id":24060506,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":46434107,"first_name":"Kingsley","last_name":"Haynes","domain_name":"gmu","page_name":"KingsleyHaynes","display_name":"Kingsley E Haynes","profile_url":"https://gmu.academia.edu/KingsleyHaynes?f_ri=16681","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":262,"name":"Human Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Geography?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":16681,"name":"Economic integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_integration?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":20436,"name":"Urban And Regional Planning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urban_And_Regional_Planning?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":89455,"name":"Services Marketing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Services_Marketing-5?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":91117,"name":"Labour Market","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Labour_Market?f_ri=16681"},{"id":439893,"name":"High Speed Train","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/High_Speed_Train?f_ri=16681"},{"id":694897,"name":"Dynamic Model of WSN","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dynamic_Model_of_WSN?f_ri=16681"},{"id":1795787,"name":"Leisure Activities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Leisure_Activities?f_ri=16681"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_38827266" data-work_id="38827266" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/38827266/ISLAMIC_COMMON_MARKET_ISLAM_ECONOMIC_AND_POLITIC">ISLAMIC COMMON MARKET: ISLAM, ECONOMIC, AND POLITIC</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/38827266" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5684a2d93be4f829db425925248ced98" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":58920417,"asset_id":38827266,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58920417/download_file?st=MTc0MDA0ODY0Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="35519625" href="https://iium.academia.edu/FarhadAhmad">Farhad Ahmad</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="35519625" type="text/json">{"id":35519625,"first_name":"Farhad","last_name":"Ahmad","domain_name":"iium","page_name":"FarhadAhmad","display_name":"Farhad Ahmad","profile_url":"https://iium.academia.edu/FarhadAhmad?f_ri=16681","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/35519625/14660955/31215912/s65_farhad.ahmad.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_38827266 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="38827266"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38827266, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_38827266", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_38827266 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38827266; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_38827266"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_38827266 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="38827266"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38827266; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38827266]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_38827266").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_38827266").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="38827266"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3180" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Trade">International Trade</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3180" type="text/json">{"id":3180,"name":"International Trade","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Trade?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6276" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Political_Economy">International Political Economy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6276" type="text/json">{"id":6276,"name":"International Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Political_Economy?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16681" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_integration">Economic integration</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="16681" type="text/json">{"id":16681,"name":"Economic integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_integration?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="33754" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Political_Economy">Islamic Political Economy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="33754" type="text/json">{"id":33754,"name":"Islamic Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Political_Economy?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=38827266]'), work: {"id":38827266,"title":"ISLAMIC COMMON MARKET: ISLAM, ECONOMIC, AND POLITIC","created_at":"2019-04-16T07:43:25.029-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/38827266/ISLAMIC_COMMON_MARKET_ISLAM_ECONOMIC_AND_POLITIC?f_ri=16681","dom_id":"work_38827266","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":58920417,"asset_id":38827266,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":35519625,"first_name":"Farhad","last_name":"Ahmad","domain_name":"iium","page_name":"FarhadAhmad","display_name":"Farhad Ahmad","profile_url":"https://iium.academia.edu/FarhadAhmad?f_ri=16681","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/35519625/14660955/31215912/s65_farhad.ahmad.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3180,"name":"International Trade","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Trade?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":6276,"name":"International Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Political_Economy?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":16681,"name":"Economic integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_integration?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":33754,"name":"Islamic Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Political_Economy?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":158088,"name":"Islamic Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Economy?f_ri=16681"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_38141880" data-work_id="38141880" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/38141880/The_Belt_and_Road_Initiative_Cooperation_in_Trade_Liberalisation_and_Antitrust_Enforcement">The Belt and Road Initiative: Cooperation in Trade Liberalisation and Antitrust Enforcement</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This chapter addresses the important issue of how China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) can best achieve its stated objective of promoting ‘unimpeded trade’ between China and the other BRI countries. Whilst many of the initiative’s... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_38141880" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This chapter addresses the important issue of how China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) can best achieve its stated objective of promoting ‘unimpeded trade’ between China and the other BRI countries. Whilst many of the initiative’s announced proposals relate to infrastructure projects facilitating the transport of products and inputs across BRI countries, it is argued that it is equally important for the Chinese government to develop comprehensive trade liberalisation and competition policies emphasising cooperation between China and its BRI partners. This chapter has explained why cooperation in both trade liberalisation and antitrust enforcement across BRI countries is essential to the successful implementation of the initiative’s unimpeded trade objective, and has also explored strategies for the negotiation and conclusion of free trade agreements and antitrust enforcement cooperation arrangements. This chapter argues, in particular, that a BRI competition policy emphasising antitrust enforcement cooperation would ensure that the efficiency benefits derived from efforts to reduce natural and state-initiated trade barriers are not compromised by the anti-competitive conduct of private firms. It is argued that the effectiveness of a competition policy in the context of cross-border trade is crucially dependent on effective antitrust enforcement cooperation between the countries party to the free trade initiative. Owing to the legal and political complexities created by anti-competitive practices that impede free trade, such as export cartels and the abuse of power by local firms to exclude foreign entities, joint enforcement efforts are often required to successfully tackle such practices. This chapter contributes to the debate on the interaction between public and private trade barriers, and the broader relationship between trade liberalisation and antitrust enforcement, in the specific context of China and BRI countries.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/38141880" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="cf51b86179cbd3c045a086bf16ddfdb7" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":58173807,"asset_id":38141880,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58173807/download_file?st=MTc0MDA0ODY0Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="55544882" href="https://hku-hk.academia.edu/KelvinKwok">Kelvin Kwok</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="55544882" type="text/json">{"id":55544882,"first_name":"Kelvin","last_name":"Kwok","domain_name":"hku-hk","page_name":"KelvinKwok","display_name":"Kelvin Kwok","profile_url":"https://hku-hk.academia.edu/KelvinKwok?f_ri=16681","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/55544882/14632597/15479575/s65_kelvin.kwok.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_38141880 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="38141880"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38141880, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_38141880", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_38141880 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38141880; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_38141880"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_38141880 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="38141880"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38141880; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38141880]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_38141880").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_38141880").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="38141880"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2710" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antitrust_Law_">Antitrust (Law)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2710" type="text/json">{"id":2710,"name":"Antitrust (Law)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antitrust_Law_?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16681" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_integration">Economic integration</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="16681" type="text/json">{"id":16681,"name":"Economic integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_integration?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="82413" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Trade_Policy">Trade Policy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="82413" type="text/json">{"id":82413,"name":"Trade Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Trade_Policy?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=38141880]'), work: {"id":38141880,"title":"The Belt and Road Initiative: Cooperation in Trade Liberalisation and Antitrust Enforcement","created_at":"2019-01-12T23:44:31.125-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/38141880/The_Belt_and_Road_Initiative_Cooperation_in_Trade_Liberalisation_and_Antitrust_Enforcement?f_ri=16681","dom_id":"work_38141880","summary":"This chapter addresses the important issue of how China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) can best achieve its stated objective of promoting ‘unimpeded trade’ between China and the other BRI countries. Whilst many of the initiative’s announced proposals relate to infrastructure projects facilitating the transport of products and inputs across BRI countries, it is argued that it is equally important for the Chinese government to develop comprehensive trade liberalisation and competition policies emphasising cooperation between China and its BRI partners. This chapter has explained why cooperation in both trade liberalisation and antitrust enforcement across BRI countries is essential to the successful implementation of the initiative’s unimpeded trade objective, and has also explored strategies for the negotiation and conclusion of free trade agreements and antitrust enforcement cooperation arrangements. This chapter argues, in particular, that a BRI competition policy emphasising antitrust enforcement cooperation would ensure that the efficiency benefits derived from efforts to reduce natural and state-initiated trade barriers are not compromised by the anti-competitive conduct of private firms. It is argued that the effectiveness of a competition policy in the context of cross-border trade is crucially dependent on effective antitrust enforcement cooperation between the countries party to the free trade initiative. Owing to the legal and political complexities created by anti-competitive practices that impede free trade, such as export cartels and the abuse of power by local firms to exclude foreign entities, joint enforcement efforts are often required to successfully tackle such practices. This chapter contributes to the debate on the interaction between public and private trade barriers, and the broader relationship between trade liberalisation and antitrust enforcement, in the specific context of China and BRI countries.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":58173807,"asset_id":38141880,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":55544882,"first_name":"Kelvin","last_name":"Kwok","domain_name":"hku-hk","page_name":"KelvinKwok","display_name":"Kelvin Kwok","profile_url":"https://hku-hk.academia.edu/KelvinKwok?f_ri=16681","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/55544882/14632597/15479575/s65_kelvin.kwok.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2710,"name":"Antitrust (Law)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antitrust_Law_?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":16681,"name":"Economic integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_integration?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":82413,"name":"Trade Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Trade_Policy?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_16552740" data-work_id="16552740" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/16552740/LOS_PROCESOS_DE_GLOBALIZACI%C3%93N_E_INTEGRACI%C3%93N_ECON%C3%93MICA_RETOS_Y_OPORTUNIDADES_PARA_EL_MERCADEO_INTERNACIONAL_DE_LAS_EMPRESAS">LOS PROCESOS DE GLOBALIZACIÓN E INTEGRACIÓN ECONÓMICA: RETOS Y OPORTUNIDADES PARA EL MERCADEO INTERNACIONAL DE LAS EMPRESAS</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Los procesos de globalización e integración en su dimensión económica generan retos y oportunidades para las estrategias de las empresas en su inserción foránea y también en el mercado doméstico. Así, el análisis de estos procesos posee... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_16552740" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Los procesos de globalización e integración en su dimensión económica generan retos y oportunidades para las estrategias de las empresas en su inserción foránea y también en el mercado doméstico. Así, el análisis de  estos procesos posee especial relevancia para la práctica de la mercadotecnia, debido al impacto extraordinario de la importación masiva de artículos que ejercen una presión competitiva y que puede desplazar con rela-tiva facilidad a productos nacionales elaborados con tecnología inferior. Hoy más que nunca la planificación estratégica del mercadeo constituye una herramienta básica para el posicionamiento a cualquier escala. El principal objetivo de este artículo es analizar las oportunidades y retos del mercadeo internacional frente a la globalización y la integración económica. Y aunque estos procesos son distintos por el ámbito geográfico al cual hacen referencia, ambos presentan fortalezas, oportunidades, debilidades y amenazas sobre todo para las empresas cuyo origen sea de países en desarrollo. <br />Palabras claves: Globalización económica, integración económica, mercadeo internacional, internacionalización de empresas.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/16552740" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3ad43731f0d57fae25356b010c860fc9" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":39046798,"asset_id":16552740,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/39046798/download_file?st=MTc0MDA0ODY0Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="35835554" href="https://usb.academia.edu/ArmandoMart%C3%ADnJim%C3%A9nezRodr%C3%ADguez">Armando M Jiménez Rodríguez</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="35835554" type="text/json">{"id":35835554,"first_name":"Armando","last_name":"Jiménez Rodríguez","domain_name":"usb","page_name":"ArmandoMartínJiménezRodríguez","display_name":"Armando M Jiménez Rodríguez","profile_url":"https://usb.academia.edu/ArmandoMart%C3%ADnJim%C3%A9nezRodr%C3%ADguez?f_ri=16681","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/35835554/10395016/27827528/s65_armando.jim_nez_rodr_guez.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_16552740 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="16552740"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 16552740, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_16552740", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_16552740 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 16552740; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_16552740"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_16552740 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="16552740"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 16552740; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=16552740]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_16552740").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_16552740").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="16552740"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="39" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing">Marketing</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="39" type="text/json">{"id":39,"name":"Marketing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10679" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Marketing">International Marketing</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10679" type="text/json">{"id":10679,"name":"International Marketing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Marketing?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16681" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_integration">Economic integration</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="16681" type="text/json">{"id":16681,"name":"Economic integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_integration?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="107145" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Globalizaci%C3%B3n">Globalización</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="107145" type="text/json">{"id":107145,"name":"Globalización","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Globalizaci%C3%B3n?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=16552740]'), work: {"id":16552740,"title":"LOS PROCESOS DE GLOBALIZACIÓN E INTEGRACIÓN ECONÓMICA: RETOS Y OPORTUNIDADES PARA EL MERCADEO INTERNACIONAL DE LAS EMPRESAS","created_at":"2015-10-07T16:20:15.863-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/16552740/LOS_PROCESOS_DE_GLOBALIZACI%C3%93N_E_INTEGRACI%C3%93N_ECON%C3%93MICA_RETOS_Y_OPORTUNIDADES_PARA_EL_MERCADEO_INTERNACIONAL_DE_LAS_EMPRESAS?f_ri=16681","dom_id":"work_16552740","summary":"Los procesos de globalización e integración en su dimensión económica generan retos y oportunidades para las estrategias de las empresas en su inserción foránea y también en el mercado doméstico. Así, el análisis de estos procesos posee especial relevancia para la práctica de la mercadotecnia, debido al impacto extraordinario de la importación masiva de artículos que ejercen una presión competitiva y que puede desplazar con rela-tiva facilidad a productos nacionales elaborados con tecnología inferior. Hoy más que nunca la planificación estratégica del mercadeo constituye una herramienta básica para el posicionamiento a cualquier escala. El principal objetivo de este artículo es analizar las oportunidades y retos del mercadeo internacional frente a la globalización y la integración económica. Y aunque estos procesos son distintos por el ámbito geográfico al cual hacen referencia, ambos presentan fortalezas, oportunidades, debilidades y amenazas sobre todo para las empresas cuyo origen sea de países en desarrollo. \nPalabras claves: Globalización económica, integración económica, mercadeo internacional, internacionalización de empresas.\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":39046798,"asset_id":16552740,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":35835554,"first_name":"Armando","last_name":"Jiménez Rodríguez","domain_name":"usb","page_name":"ArmandoMartínJiménezRodríguez","display_name":"Armando M Jiménez Rodríguez","profile_url":"https://usb.academia.edu/ArmandoMart%C3%ADnJim%C3%A9nezRodr%C3%ADguez?f_ri=16681","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/35835554/10395016/27827528/s65_armando.jim_nez_rodr_guez.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":39,"name":"Marketing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":10679,"name":"International Marketing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Marketing?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":16681,"name":"Economic integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_integration?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":107145,"name":"Globalización","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Globalizaci%C3%B3n?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":331794,"name":"Global Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Economy?f_ri=16681"},{"id":435813,"name":"Economia Mundial","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economia_Mundial?f_ri=16681"},{"id":644369,"name":"Integracion economica","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integracion_economica?f_ri=16681"},{"id":669088,"name":"Integración Economica Regional America Latina","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integracion_Economica_Regional_America_Latina?f_ri=16681"},{"id":1333810,"name":"Mercadeo Internacional","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mercadeo_Internacional?f_ri=16681"},{"id":1674946,"name":"GLOBALIZACIÓN ECONÓMICA","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/GLOBALIZACI%C3%93N_ECON%C3%93MICA?f_ri=16681"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_36773391" data-work_id="36773391" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36773391/Chinas_Belt_and_Road_Initiative_Perspectives_from_India">China's Belt and Road Initiative: Perspectives from India</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is often simplistically understood as being opposed by India and supported by Pakistan. The reality on the ground is rather more complex. The emerging consensus in India appears to be that, far from... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_36773391" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is often simplistically understood as being opposed by India and supported by Pakistan. The reality on the ground is rather more complex. The emerging consensus in India appears to be that, far from being exclusively an economic and infrastructure development program, the BRI may be understood as a long-term strategic initiative that seeks to convert China’s current economic might into diplomatic influence. While attempts have been made by Beijing, the reflexive Indian suspicion of Chinese international projection, including of China’s BRI, has not yet been met by a coherent discourse designed to specifically address Indian concerns. In contrast, in Pakistan, widespread acceptance of the importance and necessity of the China–Pakistan Economic Corridor is increasingly coupled with concerns within sectors of Pakistani society over the fairness, transparency and eventual economic outcomes of the project. Accordingly, this paper is divided into two parts: the first looks at how Indian analysts have viewed and responded to the Chinese discourse and arguments on the BRI, while the second considers the debate over the China–Pakistan Economic Corridor within Pakistan.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/36773391" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="33bc729889da5864ebc59f743cbea27b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":56720981,"asset_id":36773391,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56720981/download_file?st=MTc0MDA0ODY0Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3129001" href="https://snu-in.academia.edu/JabinJacob">Jabin T Jacob</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3129001" type="text/json">{"id":3129001,"first_name":"Jabin","last_name":"Jacob","domain_name":"snu-in","page_name":"JabinJacob","display_name":"Jabin T Jacob","profile_url":"https://snu-in.academia.edu/JabinJacob?f_ri=16681","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3129001/19865159/19683972/s65_jabin.jacob.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_36773391 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="36773391"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 36773391, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_36773391", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_36773391 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36773391; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_36773391"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_36773391 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="36773391"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36773391; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=36773391]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_36773391").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_36773391").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="36773391"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2190" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chinese_Studies">Chinese Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2190" type="text/json">{"id":2190,"name":"Chinese Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chinese_Studies?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3389" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_studies">Indian studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3389" type="text/json">{"id":3389,"name":"Indian studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_studies?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3705" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Security">International Security</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3705" type="text/json">{"id":3705,"name":"International Security","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Security?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7361" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pakistan">Pakistan</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="7361" type="text/json">{"id":7361,"name":"Pakistan","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pakistan?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=36773391]'), work: {"id":36773391,"title":"China's Belt and Road Initiative: Perspectives from India","created_at":"2018-06-03T22:46:39.886-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/36773391/Chinas_Belt_and_Road_Initiative_Perspectives_from_India?f_ri=16681","dom_id":"work_36773391","summary":"China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is often simplistically understood as being opposed by India and supported by Pakistan. The reality on the ground is rather more complex. The emerging consensus in India appears to be that, far from being exclusively an economic and infrastructure development program, the BRI may be understood as a long-term strategic initiative that seeks to convert China’s current economic might into diplomatic influence. While attempts have been made by Beijing, the reflexive Indian suspicion of Chinese international projection, including of China’s BRI, has not yet been met by a coherent discourse designed to specifically address Indian concerns. In contrast, in Pakistan, widespread acceptance of the importance and necessity of the China–Pakistan Economic Corridor is increasingly coupled with concerns within sectors of Pakistani society over the fairness, transparency and eventual economic outcomes of the project. Accordingly, this paper is divided into two parts: the first looks at how Indian analysts have viewed and responded to the Chinese discourse and arguments on the BRI, while the second considers the debate over the China–Pakistan Economic Corridor within Pakistan. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":56720981,"asset_id":36773391,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3129001,"first_name":"Jabin","last_name":"Jacob","domain_name":"snu-in","page_name":"JabinJacob","display_name":"Jabin T Jacob","profile_url":"https://snu-in.academia.edu/JabinJacob?f_ri=16681","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3129001/19865159/19683972/s65_jabin.jacob.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2190,"name":"Chinese Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chinese_Studies?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":3389,"name":"Indian studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_studies?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":3705,"name":"International Security","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Security?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":7361,"name":"Pakistan","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pakistan?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":9707,"name":"Diplomacy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diplomacy?f_ri=16681"},{"id":12108,"name":"China","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China?f_ri=16681"},{"id":16681,"name":"Economic integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_integration?f_ri=16681"},{"id":43838,"name":"India","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/India?f_ri=16681"},{"id":51188,"name":"Infrastructure Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infrastructure_Development?f_ri=16681"},{"id":2030532,"name":"China–Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China_Pakistan_Economic_Corridor_CPEC_?f_ri=16681"},{"id":2255438,"name":"\"Belt and Road\" Initiative","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/_Belt_and_Road_Initiative?f_ri=16681"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_12346910" data-work_id="12346910" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12346910/An_evaluation_study_for_the_ASEAN_in_predicting_factors_that_affect_GDP_using_four_macroeconomic_variables_inflation_exchange_interest_and_unemployment_rates">An evaluation study for the ASEAN in predicting factors that affect GDP using four macroeconomic variables: inflation, exchange, interest and unemployment rates</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) is among several regional blocs that have improved in terms of economic integration. The basic premise for economic integration has been the idea behind the possibility of having a... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_12346910" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) is among several regional blocs that have improved in terms of economic integration. The basic premise for economic integration has been the idea behind the possibility of having a single monetary unit in the future. The paper reviews the nominal GDP per capita with a comparison of four macroeconomic variables namely inflation rate, exchange rate, interest rate and unemployment rate. The theoretical framework is patterned from the Maastricht Criteria and the conceptual framework of Kabir and Salim's into an operational framework of ASEAN convergence criteria index. The research findings for the correlation coefficients were used in identifying intertwining variables for the four macroeconomic factors. Based on the results, Singapore has shown tremendous economic sustainability and a potential for a future anchor currency on the region. However, there are no empirical proofs that sustain a single monetary unit currency in the region but can be a potential monetary policy in the future.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/12346910" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7cc37b1d87192e248ed2f11926704740" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":37610646,"asset_id":12346910,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37610646/download_file?st=MTc0MDA0ODY0Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="31035213" href="https://dlsu.academia.edu/JuniusYu">Junius Yu</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="31035213" type="text/json">{"id":31035213,"first_name":"Junius","last_name":"Yu","domain_name":"dlsu","page_name":"JuniusYu","display_name":"Junius Yu","profile_url":"https://dlsu.academia.edu/JuniusYu?f_ri=16681","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/31035213/9096621/10494331/s65_junius.yu.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_12346910 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="12346910"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12346910, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_12346910", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_12346910 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12346910; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_12346910"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_12346910 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="12346910"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12346910; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12346910]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_12346910").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_12346910").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="12346910"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="724" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics">Economics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="724" type="text/json">{"id":724,"name":"Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="764" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Macroeconomics">Macroeconomics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="764" type="text/json">{"id":764,"name":"Macroeconomics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Macroeconomics?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16681" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_integration">Economic integration</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="16681" type="text/json">{"id":16681,"name":"Economic integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_integration?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="38972" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ASEAN">ASEAN</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="38972" type="text/json">{"id":38972,"name":"ASEAN","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ASEAN?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=12346910]'), work: {"id":12346910,"title":"An evaluation study for the ASEAN in predicting factors that affect GDP using four macroeconomic variables: inflation, exchange, interest and unemployment rates","created_at":"2015-05-12T03:39:55.304-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/12346910/An_evaluation_study_for_the_ASEAN_in_predicting_factors_that_affect_GDP_using_four_macroeconomic_variables_inflation_exchange_interest_and_unemployment_rates?f_ri=16681","dom_id":"work_12346910","summary":"The Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) is among several regional blocs that have improved in terms of economic integration. The basic premise for economic integration has been the idea behind the possibility of having a single monetary unit in the future. The paper reviews the nominal GDP per capita with a comparison of four macroeconomic variables namely inflation rate, exchange rate, interest rate and unemployment rate. The theoretical framework is patterned from the Maastricht Criteria and the conceptual framework of Kabir and Salim's into an operational framework of ASEAN convergence criteria index. The research findings for the correlation coefficients were used in identifying intertwining variables for the four macroeconomic factors. Based on the results, Singapore has shown tremendous economic sustainability and a potential for a future anchor currency on the region. However, there are no empirical proofs that sustain a single monetary unit currency in the region but can be a potential monetary policy in the future.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":37610646,"asset_id":12346910,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":31035213,"first_name":"Junius","last_name":"Yu","domain_name":"dlsu","page_name":"JuniusYu","display_name":"Junius Yu","profile_url":"https://dlsu.academia.edu/JuniusYu?f_ri=16681","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/31035213/9096621/10494331/s65_junius.yu.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":724,"name":"Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":764,"name":"Macroeconomics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Macroeconomics?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":16681,"name":"Economic integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_integration?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":38972,"name":"ASEAN","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ASEAN?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":85365,"name":"Maastricht criteria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maastricht_criteria?f_ri=16681"},{"id":113317,"name":"Inflation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Inflation?f_ri=16681"},{"id":228986,"name":"Exchange rate","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Exchange_rate?f_ri=16681"},{"id":663534,"name":"Interest Rate","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Interest_Rate?f_ri=16681"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_32922614 coauthored" data-work_id="32922614" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/32922614/Libro_La_Alianza_del_Pacifico_Nuevos_Retos_e_Implicaciones_Para_Latinoam%C3%A9rica_pdf">Libro La Alianza del Pacifico_Nuevos Retos e Implicaciones Para Latinoamérica.pdf</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/32922614" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="94edafd354be2a3db647515049eb4c32" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":53057082,"asset_id":32922614,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53057082/download_file?st=MTc0MDA0ODY0Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="50556739" href="https://javerianacali.academia.edu/Jos%C3%A9MoraMora">José U Mora Mora</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="50556739" type="text/json">{"id":50556739,"first_name":"José","last_name":"Mora Mora","domain_name":"javerianacali","page_name":"JoséMoraMora","display_name":"José U Mora Mora","profile_url":"https://javerianacali.academia.edu/Jos%C3%A9MoraMora?f_ri=16681","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/50556739/15596371/16177558/s65_jos_ustorgio.mora_mora.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-32922614">+3</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-32922614"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://ugto.academia.edu/SalvadorRuiz">Salvador Ruiz</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/MauricioLascurain">Mauricio Lascurain</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://ula.academia.edu/AlbertoHurtadoBrice%C3%B1o">Alberto Hurtado Briceño</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-32922614'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-32922614').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_32922614 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="32922614"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 32922614, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_32922614", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_32922614 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 32922614; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_32922614"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_32922614 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="32922614"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 32922614; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=32922614]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_32922614").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_32922614").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="32922614"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16681" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_integration">Economic integration</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="16681" type="text/json">{"id":16681,"name":"Economic integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_integration?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="56989" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_America">Latin America</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="56989" type="text/json">{"id":56989,"name":"Latin America","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_America?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="205208" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pacific_Alliance">Pacific Alliance</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="205208" type="text/json">{"id":205208,"name":"Pacific Alliance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pacific_Alliance?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=32922614]'), work: {"id":32922614,"title":"Libro La Alianza del Pacifico_Nuevos Retos e Implicaciones Para Latinoamérica.pdf","created_at":"2017-05-09T07:04:07.830-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/32922614/Libro_La_Alianza_del_Pacifico_Nuevos_Retos_e_Implicaciones_Para_Latinoam%C3%A9rica_pdf?f_ri=16681","dom_id":"work_32922614","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":53057082,"asset_id":32922614,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":50556739,"first_name":"José","last_name":"Mora Mora","domain_name":"javerianacali","page_name":"JoséMoraMora","display_name":"José U Mora Mora","profile_url":"https://javerianacali.academia.edu/Jos%C3%A9MoraMora?f_ri=16681","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/50556739/15596371/16177558/s65_jos_ustorgio.mora_mora.jpg"},{"id":64229511,"first_name":"Salvador","last_name":"Ruiz","domain_name":"ugto","page_name":"SalvadorRuiz","display_name":"Salvador Ruiz","profile_url":"https://ugto.academia.edu/SalvadorRuiz?f_ri=16681","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":64512797,"first_name":"Mauricio","last_name":"Lascurain","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MauricioLascurain","display_name":"Mauricio Lascurain","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MauricioLascurain?f_ri=16681","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":37672123,"first_name":"Alberto","last_name":"Hurtado Briceño","domain_name":"ula","page_name":"AlbertoHurtadoBriceño","display_name":"Alberto Hurtado Briceño","profile_url":"https://ula.academia.edu/AlbertoHurtadoBrice%C3%B1o?f_ri=16681","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/37672123/10610358/23794793/s65_alberto.hurtado_brice_o.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":16681,"name":"Economic integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_integration?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":56989,"name":"Latin America","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_America?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":205208,"name":"Pacific Alliance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pacific_Alliance?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_34959832" data-work_id="34959832" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/34959832/Integration_Practices_in_The_Republic_of_Cyprus_The_Impact_of_Policies_on_Refugees">Integration Practices in The Republic of Cyprus: The Impact of Policies on Refugees</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Integration is an important tool for managing relations and encouraging cohesion between groups in pluralistic societies. Integration can be a positive force in a community in that it can result in economic prosperity and social action.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_34959832" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Integration is an important tool for managing relations and encouraging cohesion between groups in pluralistic societies. Integration can be a positive force in a community in that it can result in economic prosperity and social action. Integration is beneficial for migrants because it helps ensure enjoyment of fundamental human rights and ideally gives migrants social, economic and political opportunities equal to those afforded to the local community. It encourages migrants to actively participate and invest within the receiving society by means of social and cultural exchange- working together with the local population to ensure a better future. However, the realities of integration policies often differ in practice because all aspects of integration are interrelated and interdependent. In the case of Cyprus, migrants are given access to education, healthcare and are protected by anti-discrimination policies but face barriers to integration due to poor accommodation standards, restrictions on citizenship and family reunification, and limited access to the labor market. Through a literature review of integration approaches and from an analysis of empirical findings, this paper seeks to pinpoint affect of Cyprus’s integration policies on beneficiaries of international protection and argues that Cypriot integration policies are largely concerned with deterring migrants from arrival rather than encouraging a multifaceted sociocultural, political and economic integration. This report also serves to acknowledge the gap between integration policy and practice in Cyprus. Cyprus’s policies, as well as policies in other societies, must acknowledge the unique challenges and needs of every individual and work to create an approach that encourages integration and protects the rights and opportunities of all people.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/34959832" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6487909469f65f3bf659d172d6fefea7" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":54821985,"asset_id":34959832,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/54821985/download_file?st=MTc0MDA0ODY0Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="40775623" href="https://ruc-dk.academia.edu/SarahGemski">Sarah Gemski</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="40775623" type="text/json">{"id":40775623,"first_name":"Sarah","last_name":"Gemski","domain_name":"ruc-dk","page_name":"SarahGemski","display_name":"Sarah Gemski","profile_url":"https://ruc-dk.academia.edu/SarahGemski?f_ri=16681","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/40775623/18119961/18112056/s65_sarah.gemski.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_34959832 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="34959832"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 34959832, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_34959832", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_34959832 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 34959832; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_34959832"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_34959832 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="34959832"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 34959832; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=34959832]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_34959832").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_34959832").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="34959832"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2835" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Refugee_Studies">Refugee Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2835" type="text/json">{"id":2835,"name":"Refugee Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Refugee_Studies?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14730" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Migration_Studies">Migration Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="14730" type="text/json">{"id":14730,"name":"Migration Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Migration_Studies?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16681" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_integration">Economic integration</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="16681" type="text/json">{"id":16681,"name":"Economic integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_integration?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="99915" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integration">Integration</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="99915" type="text/json">{"id":99915,"name":"Integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integration?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=34959832]'), work: {"id":34959832,"title":"Integration Practices in The Republic of Cyprus: The Impact of Policies on Refugees","created_at":"2017-10-25T14:37:22.765-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/34959832/Integration_Practices_in_The_Republic_of_Cyprus_The_Impact_of_Policies_on_Refugees?f_ri=16681","dom_id":"work_34959832","summary":"Integration is an important tool for managing relations and encouraging cohesion between groups in pluralistic societies. Integration can be a positive force in a community in that it can result in economic prosperity and social action. Integration is beneficial for migrants because it helps ensure enjoyment of fundamental human rights and ideally gives migrants social, economic and political opportunities equal to those afforded to the local community. It encourages migrants to actively participate and invest within the receiving society by means of social and cultural exchange- working together with the local population to ensure a better future. However, the realities of integration policies often differ in practice because all aspects of integration are interrelated and interdependent. In the case of Cyprus, migrants are given access to education, healthcare and are protected by anti-discrimination policies but face barriers to integration due to poor accommodation standards, restrictions on citizenship and family reunification, and limited access to the labor market. Through a literature review of integration approaches and from an analysis of empirical findings, this paper seeks to pinpoint affect of Cyprus’s integration policies on beneficiaries of international protection and argues that Cypriot integration policies are largely concerned with deterring migrants from arrival rather than encouraging a multifaceted sociocultural, political and economic integration. This report also serves to acknowledge the gap between integration policy and practice in Cyprus. Cyprus’s policies, as well as policies in other societies, must acknowledge the unique challenges and needs of every individual and work to create an approach that encourages integration and protects the rights and opportunities of all people.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":54821985,"asset_id":34959832,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":40775623,"first_name":"Sarah","last_name":"Gemski","domain_name":"ruc-dk","page_name":"SarahGemski","display_name":"Sarah Gemski","profile_url":"https://ruc-dk.academia.edu/SarahGemski?f_ri=16681","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/40775623/18119961/18112056/s65_sarah.gemski.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2835,"name":"Refugee Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Refugee_Studies?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":14730,"name":"Migration Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Migration_Studies?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":16681,"name":"Economic integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_integration?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":99915,"name":"Integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integration?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_24960170" data-work_id="24960170" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/24960170/Eurasian_Economic_Union_integration_in_Kazakhstan_and_Kyrgyzstan">Eurasian Economic Union integration in Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">If you request the paper, please email me at <a href="mailto:dk406@cam.ac.uk" rel="nofollow">dk406@cam.ac.uk</a> and I will send you a PDF copy. The article analyzes the political and social discourses towards the Eurasian integration in Central Asia. I focus on the independent... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_24960170" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">If you request the paper, please email me at <a href="mailto:dk406@cam.ac.uk" rel="nofollow">dk406@cam.ac.uk</a> and I will send you a PDF copy. <br /><br />The article analyzes the political and social discourses towards the Eurasian integration in Central Asia. I focus on the independent non-Russian political elites and wider popular response to the integration in Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan and on the motivations leading these decision makers and societies into the further Eurasian economic integration. The focus is on Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan – the only Central Asian countries in the Eurasian Economic Union, and on their respective populations. I demonstrate how post-Soviet Kazakhstani and Kyrgyz regimes facilitated ideas and ideals of Eurasianism so closely connected to their own economic but also socio-political contexts. But the focus is also to unveil the complex web of interests, identities and mobilities of groups and individuals behind the political façade of integration talks in Central Eurasia. In doing so the study focuses on the historical approach and elite-led discourses combined with the sociological data of social response to the integration projects at different stages of its development.<br /><br />Keywords: Eurasia, Eurasian Economic Union, elites, integration, migration.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/24960170" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5151d28849f5a5dc8d915fac2ed20c25" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50631268,"asset_id":24960170,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50631268/download_file?st=MTc0MDA0ODY0Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1972790" href="https://cambridge.academia.edu/DianaTKudaibergenova">Diana T. Kudaibergenova</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1972790" type="text/json">{"id":1972790,"first_name":"Diana T.","last_name":"Kudaibergenova","domain_name":"cambridge","page_name":"DianaTKudaibergenova","display_name":"Diana T. Kudaibergenova","profile_url":"https://cambridge.academia.edu/DianaTKudaibergenova?f_ri=16681","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1972790/825065/7801218/s65_diana.kudaibergenova.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_24960170 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="24960170"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 24960170, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_24960170", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_24960170 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 24960170; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_24960170"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_24960170 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="24960170"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 24960170; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=24960170]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_24960170").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_24960170").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="24960170"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="389" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Studies">Russian Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="389" type="text/json">{"id":389,"name":"Russian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Studies?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16681" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_integration">Economic integration</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="16681" type="text/json">{"id":16681,"name":"Economic integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_integration?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22650" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Central_Asia">Central Asia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="22650" type="text/json">{"id":22650,"name":"Central Asia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Central_Asia?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="33368" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eurasianism">Eurasianism</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="33368" type="text/json">{"id":33368,"name":"Eurasianism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eurasianism?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=24960170]'), work: {"id":24960170,"title":"Eurasian Economic Union integration in Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan","created_at":"2016-05-02T17:04:11.949-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/24960170/Eurasian_Economic_Union_integration_in_Kazakhstan_and_Kyrgyzstan?f_ri=16681","dom_id":"work_24960170","summary":"If you request the paper, please email me at dk406@cam.ac.uk and I will send you a PDF copy. \n\nThe article analyzes the political and social discourses towards the Eurasian integration in Central Asia. I focus on the independent non-Russian political elites and wider popular response to the integration in Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan and on the motivations leading these decision makers and societies into the further Eurasian economic integration. The focus is on Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan – the only Central Asian countries in the Eurasian Economic Union, and on their respective populations. I demonstrate how post-Soviet Kazakhstani and Kyrgyz regimes facilitated ideas and ideals of Eurasianism so closely connected to their own economic but also socio-political contexts. But the focus is also to unveil the complex web of interests, identities and mobilities of groups and individuals behind the political façade of integration talks in Central Eurasia. In doing so the study focuses on the historical approach and elite-led discourses combined with the sociological data of social response to the integration projects at different stages of its development.\n\nKeywords: Eurasia, Eurasian Economic Union, elites, integration, migration.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50631268,"asset_id":24960170,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1972790,"first_name":"Diana T.","last_name":"Kudaibergenova","domain_name":"cambridge","page_name":"DianaTKudaibergenova","display_name":"Diana T. Kudaibergenova","profile_url":"https://cambridge.academia.edu/DianaTKudaibergenova?f_ri=16681","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1972790/825065/7801218/s65_diana.kudaibergenova.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":389,"name":"Russian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Studies?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":16681,"name":"Economic integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_integration?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":22650,"name":"Central Asia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Central_Asia?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":33368,"name":"Eurasianism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eurasianism?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":59777,"name":"Neo-Eurasianism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neo-Eurasianism?f_ri=16681"},{"id":62196,"name":"Kyrgyzstan","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kyrgyzstan?f_ri=16681"},{"id":85585,"name":"Kazakhstan","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kazakhstan?f_ri=16681"},{"id":896263,"name":"Eurasian Economic Union","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eurasian_Economic_Union?f_ri=16681"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_19609922 coauthored" data-work_id="19609922" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/19609922/Gender_and_European_Integration">Gender and European Integration</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The paper assesses the contribution of gender approaches to understanding Europeanintegration. It offers a conceptualization of such approaches as including a distinctontology, epistemology and methodology. While feminist literature on... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_19609922" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The paper assesses the contribution of gender approaches to understanding Europeanintegration. It offers a conceptualization of such approaches as including a distinctontology, epistemology and methodology. While feminist literature on the EuropeanUnion is diverse, all such literature sheds light on the gendered process of Europeanintegration. The authors identify two distinct contributions of this literature: (a) itillustrates the relevance of movement actors and other advocates in shaping EU policies;(b) it shows that economic integration entails the creation of new gender regimes. Thepaper illustrates these contentions presenting case studies of the EU’s response to sextrafficking, the reform of the common agricultural policy, and of enlargement.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/19609922" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1e13cf81bfed66bf51293a3896af0fb2" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":42072613,"asset_id":19609922,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42072613/download_file?st=MTc0MDA0ODY0Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="40880011" href="https://nettesheim.academia.edu/BirgitLocher">Birgit Locher</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="40880011" type="text/json">{"id":40880011,"first_name":"Birgit","last_name":"Locher","domain_name":"nettesheim","page_name":"BirgitLocher","display_name":"Birgit Locher","profile_url":"https://nettesheim.academia.edu/BirgitLocher?f_ri=16681","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-19609922">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-19609922"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://graduateinstitute.academia.edu/ElisabethPr%C3%BCgl">Elisabeth Prügl</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-19609922'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-19609922').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_19609922 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="19609922"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 19609922, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_19609922", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_19609922 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 19609922; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_19609922"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_19609922 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="19609922"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 19609922; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=19609922]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_19609922").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_19609922").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="19609922"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i></div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl6x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16681" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_integration">Economic integration</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="16681" type="text/json">{"id":16681,"name":"Economic integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_integration?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (false) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=19609922]'), work: {"id":19609922,"title":"Gender and European Integration","created_at":"2015-12-11T09:26:51.474-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/19609922/Gender_and_European_Integration?f_ri=16681","dom_id":"work_19609922","summary":"The paper assesses the contribution of gender approaches to understanding Europeanintegration. It offers a conceptualization of such approaches as including a distinctontology, epistemology and methodology. While feminist literature on the EuropeanUnion is diverse, all such literature sheds light on the gendered process of Europeanintegration. The authors identify two distinct contributions of this literature: (a) itillustrates the relevance of movement actors and other advocates in shaping EU policies;(b) it shows that economic integration entails the creation of new gender regimes. Thepaper illustrates these contentions presenting case studies of the EU’s response to sextrafficking, the reform of the common agricultural policy, and of enlargement.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":42072613,"asset_id":19609922,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":40880011,"first_name":"Birgit","last_name":"Locher","domain_name":"nettesheim","page_name":"BirgitLocher","display_name":"Birgit Locher","profile_url":"https://nettesheim.academia.edu/BirgitLocher?f_ri=16681","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":40030655,"first_name":"Elisabeth","last_name":"Prügl","domain_name":"graduateinstitute","page_name":"ElisabethPrügl","display_name":"Elisabeth Prügl","profile_url":"https://graduateinstitute.academia.edu/ElisabethPr%C3%BCgl?f_ri=16681","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/40030655/80797302/69381557/s65_elisabeth.pr_gl.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":16681,"name":"Economic integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_integration?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_25344445" data-work_id="25344445" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/25344445/Rywalizacja_czy_integracja_Procesy_i_organizacje_integracyjne_w_regionie_Azji_i_Pacyfiku_na_prze%C5%82omie_XX_i_XXI_wieku">Rywalizacja czy integracja? Procesy i organizacje integracyjne w regionie Azji i Pacyfiku na przełomie XX i XXI wieku</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">W 2014 r. Międzynarodowy Fundusz Walutowy ogłosił, że wielkość gospodarki Chińskiej Republiki Ludowej, mierzona za pomocą parytetów siły nabywczej (purchasing power parities – PPP), przekroczyła wielkość gospodarki Stanów Zjednoczonych.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_25344445" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">W 2014 r. Międzynarodowy Fundusz Walutowy ogłosił, że wielkość gospodarki Chińskiej Republiki Ludowej, mierzona za pomocą parytetów siły nabywczej (purchasing power parities – PPP), przekroczyła wielkość gospodarki Stanów Zjednoczonych. Tym samym w regionie Azji i Pacyfiku doszło nominalnie do zrównania potencjałów gospodarczych dwóch kluczowych państw regionu, co skłoniło do refleksji na temat utrzymania dotychczasowego kształtu systemu międzynarodowego w tym regionie, gdzie dominującym graczem państwowym są nadal Stany Zjednoczone.<br />Ostatnie 25 lat, czyli okres od zakończenia zimnej wojny, to nieustanny wzrost znaczenia regionu Azji i Pacyfiku w świecie, ale też okres stopniowego budowania coraz ściślejszych powiązań instytucjonalnych, które można uznać za komplementarne bądź konkurencyjne. Swoistym ukoronowaniem instytucjonalizacji, przynajmniej w Azji Południowo-Wschodniej, jest projekt utworzenia do końca 2015 r. Wspólnoty ASEAN, która będzie się składać z trzech elementów: Wspólnoty Gospodarczej, Wspólnoty Politycznej i Bezpieczeństwa oraz Wspólnoty Społeczno-Kulturowej. Również w szerszym regionie Azji i Pacyfiku powstają nowe inicjatywy integracyjne, takie jak np. Partnerstwo Transpacyficzne (Trans-Pacific Partnership – TPP).<br />Istniejąca w regionie architektura instytucjonalna jest wypadkową wielu czynników, w tym często konkurencyjnych interesów podstawowych aktorów systemu regionalnego, czyli państw narodowych. Można to zaobserwować zarówno na poziomie rywalizacji wewnątrz instytucji czy organizacji integracyjnych, jak i pomiędzy nimi. Biorąc pod uwagę powyższe czynniki kształtujące tę architekturę, zdecydowano się na analizę procesów integracyjnych w regionie Azji i Pacyfiku, z ciągle dominującą rolą Forum Współpracy Gospodarczej Azji i Pacyfiku (Asia-Pacific Economic Co-operation – APEC), oraz w jego subregionie – Azji Wschodniej, gdzie centralną organizacją pozostaje Stowarzyszenie Narodów Azji Południowo-Wschodniej (Association of South-East Asian Nations – ASEAN).<br />W monografii, opierając się na podejściu systemowym oraz teoriach integracji regionalnej, przedstawiono procesy i ugrupowania integracyjne w regionie Azji i Pacyfiku. Uwzględniono modele biegunowości w tym systemie, biorąc pod uwagę rolę mocarstw regionalnych, pokazano ewolucję transnarodowego wymiaru integracji oraz przedstawiono analizę czterech podstawowych wymiarów integracji gospodarczej, a przede wszystkim przedstawiono dwa modele integracji regionalnej: z jednej strony integrację w regionie Azji i Pacyfiku, egzemplifikowaną przez Forum Współpracy Gospodarczej Azji i Pacyfiku (ale też faworyzowane przez USA Partnerstwo Transpacyficzne – TPP), z drugiej zaś integrację w regionie Azji Wschodniej, gdzie centralną organizacją pozostaje Stowarzyszenie Narodów Azji Południowo-Wschodniej (ASEAN), zamierzające do końca 2015 roku utworzyć Wspólnotę ASEAN i stanowiące podstawę do ugrupowań takich jak ASEAN Plus Trzy, Szczyt Azji Wschodniej czy Forum Regionalne ASEAN.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/25344445" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3a76beb95cdc286872e9fce7d98ed62d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45643354,"asset_id":25344445,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45643354/download_file?st=MTc0MDA0ODY0Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="241614" href="https://jagiellonian.academia.edu/MarcinGrabowski">Marcin Grabowski</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="241614" type="text/json">{"id":241614,"first_name":"Marcin","last_name":"Grabowski","domain_name":"jagiellonian","page_name":"MarcinGrabowski","display_name":"Marcin Grabowski","profile_url":"https://jagiellonian.academia.edu/MarcinGrabowski?f_ri=16681","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/241614/62386/32810529/s65_marcin.grabowski.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_25344445 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="25344445"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 25344445, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_25344445", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_25344445 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 25344445; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_25344445"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_25344445 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="25344445"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 25344445; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=25344445]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_25344445").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_25344445").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="25344445"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="380" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Asian_Studies">Asian Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="380" type="text/json">{"id":380,"name":"Asian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Asian_Studies?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1031" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Southeast_Asian_Studies">Southeast Asian Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1031" type="text/json">{"id":1031,"name":"Southeast Asian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Southeast_Asian_Studies?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8223" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/East_Asian_Studies">East Asian Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8223" type="text/json">{"id":8223,"name":"East Asian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/East_Asian_Studies?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9379" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Asia_Pacific_Region">Asia Pacific Region</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="9379" type="text/json">{"id":9379,"name":"Asia Pacific Region","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Asia_Pacific_Region?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=25344445]'), work: {"id":25344445,"title":"Rywalizacja czy integracja? Procesy i organizacje integracyjne w regionie Azji i Pacyfiku na przełomie XX i XXI wieku","created_at":"2016-05-15T07:50:11.401-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/25344445/Rywalizacja_czy_integracja_Procesy_i_organizacje_integracyjne_w_regionie_Azji_i_Pacyfiku_na_prze%C5%82omie_XX_i_XXI_wieku?f_ri=16681","dom_id":"work_25344445","summary":"W 2014 r. Międzynarodowy Fundusz Walutowy ogłosił, że wielkość gospodarki Chińskiej Republiki Ludowej, mierzona za pomocą parytetów siły nabywczej (purchasing power parities – PPP), przekroczyła wielkość gospodarki Stanów Zjednoczonych. Tym samym w regionie Azji i Pacyfiku doszło nominalnie do zrównania potencjałów gospodarczych dwóch kluczowych państw regionu, co skłoniło do refleksji na temat utrzymania dotychczasowego kształtu systemu międzynarodowego w tym regionie, gdzie dominującym graczem państwowym są nadal Stany Zjednoczone.\nOstatnie 25 lat, czyli okres od zakończenia zimnej wojny, to nieustanny wzrost znaczenia regionu Azji i Pacyfiku w świecie, ale też okres stopniowego budowania coraz ściślejszych powiązań instytucjonalnych, które można uznać za komplementarne bądź konkurencyjne. Swoistym ukoronowaniem instytucjonalizacji, przynajmniej w Azji Południowo-Wschodniej, jest projekt utworzenia do końca 2015 r. Wspólnoty ASEAN, która będzie się składać z trzech elementów: Wspólnoty Gospodarczej, Wspólnoty Politycznej i Bezpieczeństwa oraz Wspólnoty Społeczno-Kulturowej. Również w szerszym regionie Azji i Pacyfiku powstają nowe inicjatywy integracyjne, takie jak np. Partnerstwo Transpacyficzne (Trans-Pacific Partnership – TPP).\nIstniejąca w regionie architektura instytucjonalna jest wypadkową wielu czynników, w tym często konkurencyjnych interesów podstawowych aktorów systemu regionalnego, czyli państw narodowych. Można to zaobserwować zarówno na poziomie rywalizacji wewnątrz instytucji czy organizacji integracyjnych, jak i pomiędzy nimi. Biorąc pod uwagę powyższe czynniki kształtujące tę architekturę, zdecydowano się na analizę procesów integracyjnych w regionie Azji i Pacyfiku, z ciągle dominującą rolą Forum Współpracy Gospodarczej Azji i Pacyfiku (Asia-Pacific Economic Co-operation – APEC), oraz w jego subregionie – Azji Wschodniej, gdzie centralną organizacją pozostaje Stowarzyszenie Narodów Azji Południowo-Wschodniej (Association of South-East Asian Nations – ASEAN).\nW monografii, opierając się na podejściu systemowym oraz teoriach integracji regionalnej, przedstawiono procesy i ugrupowania integracyjne w regionie Azji i Pacyfiku. Uwzględniono modele biegunowości w tym systemie, biorąc pod uwagę rolę mocarstw regionalnych, pokazano ewolucję transnarodowego wymiaru integracji oraz przedstawiono analizę czterech podstawowych wymiarów integracji gospodarczej, a przede wszystkim przedstawiono dwa modele integracji regionalnej: z jednej strony integrację w regionie Azji i Pacyfiku, egzemplifikowaną przez Forum Współpracy Gospodarczej Azji i Pacyfiku (ale też faworyzowane przez USA Partnerstwo Transpacyficzne – TPP), z drugiej zaś integrację w regionie Azji Wschodniej, gdzie centralną organizacją pozostaje Stowarzyszenie Narodów Azji Południowo-Wschodniej (ASEAN), zamierzające do końca 2015 roku utworzyć Wspólnotę ASEAN i stanowiące podstawę do ugrupowań takich jak ASEAN Plus Trzy, Szczyt Azji Wschodniej czy Forum Regionalne ASEAN.\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45643354,"asset_id":25344445,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":241614,"first_name":"Marcin","last_name":"Grabowski","domain_name":"jagiellonian","page_name":"MarcinGrabowski","display_name":"Marcin Grabowski","profile_url":"https://jagiellonian.academia.edu/MarcinGrabowski?f_ri=16681","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/241614/62386/32810529/s65_marcin.grabowski.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":380,"name":"Asian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Asian_Studies?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":1031,"name":"Southeast Asian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Southeast_Asian_Studies?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":8223,"name":"East Asian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/East_Asian_Studies?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":9379,"name":"Asia Pacific Region","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Asia_Pacific_Region?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":16681,"name":"Economic integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_integration?f_ri=16681"},{"id":28046,"name":"Regional Integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Integration?f_ri=16681"},{"id":38972,"name":"ASEAN","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ASEAN?f_ri=16681"},{"id":99915,"name":"Integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integration?f_ri=16681"},{"id":211762,"name":"APEC","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/APEC?f_ri=16681"},{"id":309620,"name":"Asean Economic Community","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Asean_Economic_Community?f_ri=16681"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_8461018" data-work_id="8461018" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/8461018/Advantages_and_disadvantages_Of_Economic_Integration">Advantages and disadvantages Of Economic Integration</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/8461018" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a4501aad3209a19d8178406e6335fcc9" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":34847106,"asset_id":8461018,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/34847106/download_file?st=MTc0MDA0ODY0Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="17220091" href="https://independent.academia.edu/YuliaLusenko">Yulia Lusenko</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="17220091" type="text/json">{"id":17220091,"first_name":"Yulia","last_name":"Lusenko","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"YuliaLusenko","display_name":"Yulia Lusenko","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/YuliaLusenko?f_ri=16681","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_8461018 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="8461018"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 8461018, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_8461018", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_8461018 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8461018; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_8461018"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_8461018 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="8461018"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8461018; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=8461018]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_8461018").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_8461018").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="8461018"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i></div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl6x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16681" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_integration">Economic integration</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="16681" type="text/json">{"id":16681,"name":"Economic integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_integration?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (false) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=8461018]'), work: {"id":8461018,"title":"Advantages and disadvantages Of Economic Integration","created_at":"2014-09-23T15:31:05.145-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/8461018/Advantages_and_disadvantages_Of_Economic_Integration?f_ri=16681","dom_id":"work_8461018","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":34847106,"asset_id":8461018,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":17220091,"first_name":"Yulia","last_name":"Lusenko","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"YuliaLusenko","display_name":"Yulia Lusenko","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/YuliaLusenko?f_ri=16681","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":16681,"name":"Economic integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_integration?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_35791767" data-work_id="35791767" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/35791767/International_Business_Growth_Economic_Integration_and_FDI_in_East_Africa">International Business - Growth, Economic Integration and FDI in East Africa</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Managing international business requires understanding economic, cultural, and political environments. This essay elaborates three theories that are key to economic analysis. Based on literature research, we provide an overview of the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_35791767" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Managing international business requires understanding economic, cultural, and political environments. This essay elaborates three theories that are key to economic analysis. Based on literature research, we provide an overview of the theoretic concepts and elaborate each in an example, focusing on one of the world’s least developed regions, the East African Community countries. <br />The first concept described, forms the basis for any market analysis – Growth Indicators. We link growth to trade since this is especially relevant for multinationals. We then consider the field of trade policy, elaborating Economic Integration as a key concept of trade creation and attraction of foreign businesses; the case study of the East African Community demonstrates challenges in practical implementation. One of the desired outcomes of Economic Integration is increased Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), which also has impact on economic growth and is therefore the third concept to form part of this literature research.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/35791767" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9afb490d13ee2899c0a721a62ce31894" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":55668527,"asset_id":35791767,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/55668527/download_file?st=MTc0MDA0ODY0Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="47684613" href="https://royalroads.academia.edu/SophiaFrisbie">Sophia Frisbie</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="47684613" type="text/json">{"id":47684613,"first_name":"Sophia","last_name":"Frisbie","domain_name":"royalroads","page_name":"SophiaFrisbie","display_name":"Sophia Frisbie","profile_url":"https://royalroads.academia.edu/SophiaFrisbie?f_ri=16681","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/47684613/12946835/14317132/s65_sophia.frisbie.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_35791767 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="35791767"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 35791767, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_35791767", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_35791767 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 35791767; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_35791767"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_35791767 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="35791767"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 35791767; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=35791767]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_35791767").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_35791767").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="35791767"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2074" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Business">International Business</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2074" type="text/json">{"id":2074,"name":"International Business","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Business?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8827" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/East_Africa">East Africa</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8827" type="text/json">{"id":8827,"name":"East Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/East_Africa?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16681" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_integration">Economic integration</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="16681" type="text/json">{"id":16681,"name":"Economic integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_integration?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=35791767]'), work: {"id":35791767,"title":"International Business - Growth, Economic Integration and FDI in East Africa","created_at":"2018-01-29T23:05:07.869-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/35791767/International_Business_Growth_Economic_Integration_and_FDI_in_East_Africa?f_ri=16681","dom_id":"work_35791767","summary":"Managing international business requires understanding economic, cultural, and political environments. This essay elaborates three theories that are key to economic analysis. Based on literature research, we provide an overview of the theoretic concepts and elaborate each in an example, focusing on one of the world’s least developed regions, the East African Community countries. \nThe first concept described, forms the basis for any market analysis – Growth Indicators. We link growth to trade since this is especially relevant for multinationals. We then consider the field of trade policy, elaborating Economic Integration as a key concept of trade creation and attraction of foreign businesses; the case study of the East African Community demonstrates challenges in practical implementation. One of the desired outcomes of Economic Integration is increased Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), which also has impact on economic growth and is therefore the third concept to form part of this literature research. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":55668527,"asset_id":35791767,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":47684613,"first_name":"Sophia","last_name":"Frisbie","domain_name":"royalroads","page_name":"SophiaFrisbie","display_name":"Sophia Frisbie","profile_url":"https://royalroads.academia.edu/SophiaFrisbie?f_ri=16681","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/47684613/12946835/14317132/s65_sophia.frisbie.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2074,"name":"International Business","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Business?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":8827,"name":"East Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/East_Africa?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":16681,"name":"Economic integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_integration?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_29207591" data-work_id="29207591" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/29207591/Gender_and_European_Integration">Gender and European Integration</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The paper assesses the contribution of gender approaches to understanding Europeanintegration. It offers a conceptualization of such approaches as including a distinctontology, epistemology and methodology. While feminist literature on... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_29207591" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The paper assesses the contribution of gender approaches to understanding Europeanintegration. It offers a conceptualization of such approaches as including a distinctontology, epistemology and methodology. While feminist literature on the EuropeanUnion is diverse, all such literature sheds light on the gendered process of Europeanintegration. The authors identify two distinct contributions of this literature: (a) itillustrates the relevance of movement actors and other advocates in shaping EU policies;(b) it shows that economic integration entails the creation of new gender regimes. Thepaper illustrates these contentions presenting case studies of the EU’s response to sextrafficking, the reform of the common agricultural policy, and of enlargement.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/29207591" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c69177874672eec45a10b841353f4a5a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":49658243,"asset_id":29207591,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49658243/download_file?st=MTc0MDA0ODY0Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4662381" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ElisabethPrugl">Elisabeth Prugl</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4662381" type="text/json">{"id":4662381,"first_name":"Elisabeth","last_name":"Prugl","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ElisabethPrugl","display_name":"Elisabeth Prugl","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ElisabethPrugl?f_ri=16681","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4662381/1957792/2314498/s65_elisabeth.prugl.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_29207591 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="29207591"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 29207591, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_29207591", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_29207591 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 29207591; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_29207591"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_29207591 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="29207591"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 29207591; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=29207591]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_29207591").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_29207591").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="29207591"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1218" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_integration">European integration</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1218" type="text/json">{"id":1218,"name":"European integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_integration?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16681" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_integration">Economic integration</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="16681" type="text/json">{"id":16681,"name":"Economic integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_integration?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="96047" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Case_Study">Case Study</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="96047" type="text/json">{"id":96047,"name":"Case Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Case_Study?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="587783" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Common_Agricultural_Policy">Common Agricultural Policy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="587783" type="text/json">{"id":587783,"name":"Common Agricultural Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Common_Agricultural_Policy?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=29207591]'), work: {"id":29207591,"title":"Gender and European Integration","created_at":"2016-10-17T01:48:43.264-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/29207591/Gender_and_European_Integration?f_ri=16681","dom_id":"work_29207591","summary":"The paper assesses the contribution of gender approaches to understanding Europeanintegration. It offers a conceptualization of such approaches as including a distinctontology, epistemology and methodology. While feminist literature on the EuropeanUnion is diverse, all such literature sheds light on the gendered process of Europeanintegration. The authors identify two distinct contributions of this literature: (a) itillustrates the relevance of movement actors and other advocates in shaping EU policies;(b) it shows that economic integration entails the creation of new gender regimes. Thepaper illustrates these contentions presenting case studies of the EU’s response to sextrafficking, the reform of the common agricultural policy, and of enlargement.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":49658243,"asset_id":29207591,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4662381,"first_name":"Elisabeth","last_name":"Prugl","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ElisabethPrugl","display_name":"Elisabeth Prugl","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ElisabethPrugl?f_ri=16681","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4662381/1957792/2314498/s65_elisabeth.prugl.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1218,"name":"European integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_integration?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":16681,"name":"Economic integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_integration?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":96047,"name":"Case Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Case_Study?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":587783,"name":"Common Agricultural Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Common_Agricultural_Policy?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_43103485" data-work_id="43103485" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/43103485/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%8D%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A3%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BC_%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2">Международная экономическая интеграция. Учебник и практикум для вузов</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">В учебнике охвачены как научные проблемы международной экономической интеграции, путем изучения сущности, видов, форм, и теории региональной экономической интеграции (РЭИ), так и их практические вопросы, охватывающие современные тенденции... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_43103485" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">В учебнике охвачены как научные проблемы международной экономической интеграции, путем изучения сущности, видов, форм, и теории региональной экономической интеграции (РЭИ), так и их практические вопросы, охватывающие современные тенденции развития РЭИ, подходы к оценке и их мониторингу, а также правила ВТО в отношении РЭИ.  <br /><br /><br />Каждая глава настоящего учебника для удобства освоения имеет одинаковое внутреннее строение. Она открывается списком основных учебных вопросов, после чего следует изложение их существа, которое завершается кратким выводом, перечнем вопросов и заданий для семинарского занятия, а также тестовыми вопросами.  Изложенные вопросы и задания для семинарского занятия предполагают дискуссионные обсуждения и сопоставление различных точек зрения.<br /><br /><br />Учебник состоит из 7 разделов, которые в свою очередь разбиты на 15 глав, охватывающих весь спектр отношений регулируемых международной экономической интеграцией. Таким образом, общий объем учебника составляет 278 страниц, в котором использованы ссылки на 34 русскоязычных и 135 англоязычных авторов и материалов. <br /><br /><br />Несмотря на то, что настоящий учебник составлен полностью исходя из современного состояния региональных интеграционных процессов в разных странах, он описывает также и исторические этапы их развития. В процессе работы, также были широко использованы обширные источники актуальных статистических данных по состоянию на 2018-2019 гг.<br /><br /><br />Учебник предназначен для студентов, изучающих учебную дисциплину «Международная экономическая интеграция» и обучающихся по направлению подготовки: «Мировая экономика» (квалификация (степень) «бакалавр» и «магистр»).</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/43103485" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="cdc5ddc6c3d357c2c1afd403e305087c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":63372324,"asset_id":43103485,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63372324/download_file?st=MTc0MDA0ODY0Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="51975512" href="https://tut-tj.academia.edu/JovidIkromov">Jovid Ikromi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="51975512" type="text/json">{"id":51975512,"first_name":"Jovid","last_name":"Ikromi","domain_name":"tut-tj","page_name":"JovidIkromov","display_name":"Jovid Ikromi","profile_url":"https://tut-tj.academia.edu/JovidIkromov?f_ri=16681","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/51975512/14897581/15667104/s65_jovid.ikromov.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_43103485 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="43103485"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 43103485, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_43103485", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_43103485 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43103485; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_43103485"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_43103485 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="43103485"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43103485; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=43103485]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_43103485").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_43103485").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="43103485"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="735" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Economics">International Economics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="735" type="text/json">{"id":735,"name":"International Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Economics?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11760" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/WTO_Trade_Topics">WTO Trade Topics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11760" type="text/json">{"id":11760,"name":"WTO Trade Topics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/WTO_Trade_Topics?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16681" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_integration">Economic integration</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="16681" type="text/json">{"id":16681,"name":"Economic integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_integration?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28046" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Integration">Regional Integration</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="28046" type="text/json">{"id":28046,"name":"Regional Integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Integration?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=43103485]'), work: {"id":43103485,"title":"Международная экономическая интеграция. Учебник и практикум для вузов","created_at":"2020-05-19T01:58:38.601-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/43103485/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%8D%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A3%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BC_%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2?f_ri=16681","dom_id":"work_43103485","summary":"В учебнике охвачены как научные проблемы международной экономической интеграции, путем изучения сущности, видов, форм, и теории региональной экономической интеграции (РЭИ), так и их практические вопросы, охватывающие современные тенденции развития РЭИ, подходы к оценке и их мониторингу, а также правила ВТО в отношении РЭИ. \n\n\nКаждая глава настоящего учебника для удобства освоения имеет одинаковое внутреннее строение. Она открывается списком основных учебных вопросов, после чего следует изложение их существа, которое завершается кратким выводом, перечнем вопросов и заданий для семинарского занятия, а также тестовыми вопросами. Изложенные вопросы и задания для семинарского занятия предполагают дискуссионные обсуждения и сопоставление различных точек зрения.\n\n\nУчебник состоит из 7 разделов, которые в свою очередь разбиты на 15 глав, охватывающих весь спектр отношений регулируемых международной экономической интеграцией. Таким образом, общий объем учебника составляет 278 страниц, в котором использованы ссылки на 34 русскоязычных и 135 англоязычных авторов и материалов. \n\n\nНесмотря на то, что настоящий учебник составлен полностью исходя из современного состояния региональных интеграционных процессов в разных странах, он описывает также и исторические этапы их развития. В процессе работы, также были широко использованы обширные источники актуальных статистических данных по состоянию на 2018-2019 гг.\n\n\nУчебник предназначен для студентов, изучающих учебную дисциплину «Международная экономическая интеграция» и обучающихся по направлению подготовки: «Мировая экономика» (квалификация (степень) «бакалавр» и «магистр»).\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":63372324,"asset_id":43103485,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":51975512,"first_name":"Jovid","last_name":"Ikromi","domain_name":"tut-tj","page_name":"JovidIkromov","display_name":"Jovid Ikromi","profile_url":"https://tut-tj.academia.edu/JovidIkromov?f_ri=16681","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/51975512/14897581/15667104/s65_jovid.ikromov.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":735,"name":"International Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Economics?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":11760,"name":"WTO Trade Topics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/WTO_Trade_Topics?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":16681,"name":"Economic integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_integration?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":28046,"name":"Regional Integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Integration?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":79757,"name":"World Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/World_Economy?f_ri=16681"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_36711880" data-work_id="36711880" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36711880/EKONOMIK_ENTEGRASYONLAR_VE_ULUSLARARASI_TICARETE_ETKILERI">EKONOMIK ENTEGRASYONLAR VE ULUSLARARASI TICARETE ETKILERI</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">ÖZ 20. yüzyılın en belirgin özelliği ekonomik, kültürel/sosyal, teknolojik, iletişim, ulaşım, çevresel/demografik v.b. alanlarda ortaya çıkan yenilikler ve bu yeniliklerin ülkelere etkileri olarak görünmektedir. Bu değişimin hızı ve... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_36711880" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">ÖZ 20. yüzyılın en belirgin özelliği ekonomik, kültürel/sosyal, teknolojik, iletişim, ulaşım, çevresel/demografik v.b. alanlarda ortaya çıkan yenilikler ve bu yeniliklerin ülkelere etkileri olarak görünmektedir. Bu değişimin hızı ve ülkeleri etkileyiş şekli her ülkenin bölgesel yapısı ile ülke içinde mevcut sosyal ve ekonomik yapısının durumuna bağlıdır. Ülkeler bu değişimin hızına ayak uydurmak, geride kalmamak amacıyla birbirleriyle birçok alanda ekonomik entegrasyonlar kurarak dünya refahından pay almaya çalışmışlardır. Ekonomik entegrasyonlar öncelikle ticari alanlarda serbestleşme olarak görünse de ileriki safhalarda ülkelerin ticaret dışında diğer alanlarda da ortak bir politika uyguladıkları bir küreselleşme aracıdır. Bu makalenin konusu, " Ekonomik entegrasyonların kapsamı ve türleri ile başarılı bir entegrasyonun kıstaslarının neler olması gerektiği, dünyadaki entegrasyon örneklerinin bölgesel yapıları, uluslararası ticarette ortaya çıkardığı statik ve dinamik etkiler ile entegrasyonların gelecekte nasıl bir dönüşüme uğrayacağıdır. ABSTRACT The most prominent feature of the 20th century is economic, cultural / social, technological, communication, transportation, environmental / demographic etc. The innovations emerging in the fields and the effects of these innovations on the countries. The speed of this change and the way it affects countries depends on the regional structure of each country and the current social and economic structure of the country. The countries have tried to get a share from the world's welfare by establishing economic integration in many areas with each other in order to keep up with the pace of this change or not to stay behind. While economic integrations appear primarily as liberalization in trade, they are a tool of globalization that countries in the future have adopted a common policy in areas other than trade. The issue of this article is about the scope and types of economic integration and what should be the criteria for successful integration, the regional structures of the examples of integration in the world, the static and dynamic effects of international trade, and finally how it will be transformed in the future. 1.GİRİŞ Dünya ülkeleri arasında rekabetin kontrolsüz bir şekilde artması, rekabetten kaynaklanan üretim ve tüketim kayıplarının serbest piyasa ekonomisini engellemesi ve ülkelerin birbirlerini kontrol edebilecekleri bir üçüncü örgütün olmaması iki dünya savaşının yaşanmasına neden olmuştur. II. Dünya Savaşı sonucu ortaya çıkan yıkımın etkisiyle, ülkeler bu yıkımın etkilerini azaltmak ve ekonomik dar boğazın önüne geçmek amacıyla birbirlerine karşı ekonomik alanlarda esnekliği hedeflemişlerdir. Bu amaçla üçüncü bir örgüt olarak 1948 yılında Ticaret Genel Tarife Anlaşması'nı (GATT) hayata geçirmişlerdir. Dünya ticaretinde tekrardan yıkıcı etkilerin oluşmaması amacıyla 1930 Büyük Buhran sonucu ortaya çıkan ticarette korunma önlemleri ikinci planda bırakarak ticareti serbestleştirecek kıstasların tüm üye ülkeler tarafından uygulanmasına karar verilmiştir. Bu kıstaslar aşağıdaki gibidir: En Çok Kayrılan Ülke Kuralı: Üye ülkelerin ticari partnerleri arasında ayrım yapmamasını zorunlu kılmaktadır. Bir başka deyişle, bir üye ülke, herhangi bir ülkeye tanıdığı elverişli bir gümrük tarife ve tarife dışı engelleri koşulsuz olarak tüm üye ülkelere uygulamak zorundadır. Lakin bu kurala istisna olarak kabul edilecek bir durum ülkelerin birbirleriyle girişecekleri entegrasyonlardır. Bunlar; gümrük birlikleri, serbest ticaret anlaşmaları gibi bölgesel ticaret anlaşmaları ve genel preferanslar sistemi (GPS) gibi gelişme yolundaki ülkeler lehine düşük gümrük vergisi alınması veya gümrük vergisinin alınmaması gibi ayrımcı nitelikteki</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/36711880" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f392b25f1766991d27e4b47841cf854e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":56652054,"asset_id":36711880,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56652054/download_file?st=MTc0MDA0ODY0Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="81090461" href="https://gelisim.academia.edu/UmitEnginTekin">Umit Engin Tekin</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="81090461" type="text/json">{"id":81090461,"first_name":"Umit Engin","last_name":"Tekin","domain_name":"gelisim","page_name":"UmitEnginTekin","display_name":"Umit Engin Tekin","profile_url":"https://gelisim.academia.edu/UmitEnginTekin?f_ri=16681","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_36711880 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="36711880"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 36711880, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_36711880", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_36711880 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36711880; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_36711880"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_36711880 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="36711880"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36711880; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=36711880]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_36711880").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_36711880").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="36711880"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3180" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Trade">International Trade</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3180" type="text/json">{"id":3180,"name":"International Trade","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Trade?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16681" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_integration">Economic integration</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="16681" type="text/json">{"id":16681,"name":"Economic integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_integration?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=36711880]'), work: {"id":36711880,"title":"EKONOMIK ENTEGRASYONLAR VE ULUSLARARASI TICARETE ETKILERI","created_at":"2018-05-25T04:08:12.059-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/36711880/EKONOMIK_ENTEGRASYONLAR_VE_ULUSLARARASI_TICARETE_ETKILERI?f_ri=16681","dom_id":"work_36711880","summary":"ÖZ 20. yüzyılın en belirgin özelliği ekonomik, kültürel/sosyal, teknolojik, iletişim, ulaşım, çevresel/demografik v.b. alanlarda ortaya çıkan yenilikler ve bu yeniliklerin ülkelere etkileri olarak görünmektedir. Bu değişimin hızı ve ülkeleri etkileyiş şekli her ülkenin bölgesel yapısı ile ülke içinde mevcut sosyal ve ekonomik yapısının durumuna bağlıdır. Ülkeler bu değişimin hızına ayak uydurmak, geride kalmamak amacıyla birbirleriyle birçok alanda ekonomik entegrasyonlar kurarak dünya refahından pay almaya çalışmışlardır. Ekonomik entegrasyonlar öncelikle ticari alanlarda serbestleşme olarak görünse de ileriki safhalarda ülkelerin ticaret dışında diğer alanlarda da ortak bir politika uyguladıkları bir küreselleşme aracıdır. Bu makalenin konusu, \" Ekonomik entegrasyonların kapsamı ve türleri ile başarılı bir entegrasyonun kıstaslarının neler olması gerektiği, dünyadaki entegrasyon örneklerinin bölgesel yapıları, uluslararası ticarette ortaya çıkardığı statik ve dinamik etkiler ile entegrasyonların gelecekte nasıl bir dönüşüme uğrayacağıdır. ABSTRACT The most prominent feature of the 20th century is economic, cultural / social, technological, communication, transportation, environmental / demographic etc. The innovations emerging in the fields and the effects of these innovations on the countries. The speed of this change and the way it affects countries depends on the regional structure of each country and the current social and economic structure of the country. The countries have tried to get a share from the world's welfare by establishing economic integration in many areas with each other in order to keep up with the pace of this change or not to stay behind. While economic integrations appear primarily as liberalization in trade, they are a tool of globalization that countries in the future have adopted a common policy in areas other than trade. The issue of this article is about the scope and types of economic integration and what should be the criteria for successful integration, the regional structures of the examples of integration in the world, the static and dynamic effects of international trade, and finally how it will be transformed in the future. 1.GİRİŞ Dünya ülkeleri arasında rekabetin kontrolsüz bir şekilde artması, rekabetten kaynaklanan üretim ve tüketim kayıplarının serbest piyasa ekonomisini engellemesi ve ülkelerin birbirlerini kontrol edebilecekleri bir üçüncü örgütün olmaması iki dünya savaşının yaşanmasına neden olmuştur. II. Dünya Savaşı sonucu ortaya çıkan yıkımın etkisiyle, ülkeler bu yıkımın etkilerini azaltmak ve ekonomik dar boğazın önüne geçmek amacıyla birbirlerine karşı ekonomik alanlarda esnekliği hedeflemişlerdir. Bu amaçla üçüncü bir örgüt olarak 1948 yılında Ticaret Genel Tarife Anlaşması'nı (GATT) hayata geçirmişlerdir. Dünya ticaretinde tekrardan yıkıcı etkilerin oluşmaması amacıyla 1930 Büyük Buhran sonucu ortaya çıkan ticarette korunma önlemleri ikinci planda bırakarak ticareti serbestleştirecek kıstasların tüm üye ülkeler tarafından uygulanmasına karar verilmiştir. Bu kıstaslar aşağıdaki gibidir: En Çok Kayrılan Ülke Kuralı: Üye ülkelerin ticari partnerleri arasında ayrım yapmamasını zorunlu kılmaktadır. Bir başka deyişle, bir üye ülke, herhangi bir ülkeye tanıdığı elverişli bir gümrük tarife ve tarife dışı engelleri koşulsuz olarak tüm üye ülkelere uygulamak zorundadır. Lakin bu kurala istisna olarak kabul edilecek bir durum ülkelerin birbirleriyle girişecekleri entegrasyonlardır. Bunlar; gümrük birlikleri, serbest ticaret anlaşmaları gibi bölgesel ticaret anlaşmaları ve genel preferanslar sistemi (GPS) gibi gelişme yolundaki ülkeler lehine düşük gümrük vergisi alınması veya gümrük vergisinin alınmaması gibi ayrımcı nitelikteki","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":56652054,"asset_id":36711880,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":81090461,"first_name":"Umit Engin","last_name":"Tekin","domain_name":"gelisim","page_name":"UmitEnginTekin","display_name":"Umit Engin Tekin","profile_url":"https://gelisim.academia.edu/UmitEnginTekin?f_ri=16681","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3180,"name":"International Trade","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Trade?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":16681,"name":"Economic integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_integration?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_28123567 coauthored" data-work_id="28123567" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/28123567/Modelo_de_Gravedad_de_Comercio_Aplicaci%C3%B3n_MERCOSUR_ASEAN_2003_2014_">Modelo de Gravedad de Comercio Aplicación MERCOSUR-ASEAN (2003-2014)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Resumen El objetivo del presente trabajo es estimar el potencial de comercio entre los bloques MERCOSUR y ASEAN+3, que reúnen los países del hemisferio sud americano y Asia del este. La metodología aplicada es el Modelo de Gravedad de... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_28123567" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Resumen <br />El objetivo del presente trabajo es estimar el potencial de comercio entre los bloques MERCOSUR y ASEAN+3, que reúnen los países del hemisferio sud americano y Asia del este. La metodología aplicada es el Modelo de Gravedad de Comercio para el período (2003-2014) mediante una estimación en Mínimos Cuadrados Ordinarios (OLS) y de Pseudo Máxima Verosimilitud (PML) en datos de panel. Los resultados señalan la existencia de potencial comercial entre ambos bloques. <br />Clasificación JEL: F1 O5 C4 <br /><br /><br />Abstract <br />The aim of this study is to estimate the potential trade between MERCOSUR and ASEAN+3 economic blocks, bringing together the countries of the South American hemisphere and South East Asia. The methodology used is the gravity model of trade for the period (2003-2014) by Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and Pseudo Maximum Likelihood (PML) in panel data. The results indicate the existence of trade potential between the two blocs. <br />JEL Classification: F1 O5 C4</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/28123567" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d51b8cdc0fc4cc8d1e4c34f43a72fa60" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48439372,"asset_id":28123567,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48439372/download_file?st=MTc0MDA0ODY0Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="21306123" href="https://unt-argentina.academia.edu/NuritGinel">Nurit Ginel</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="21306123" type="text/json">{"id":21306123,"first_name":"Nurit","last_name":"Ginel","domain_name":"unt-argentina","page_name":"NuritGinel","display_name":"Nurit Ginel","profile_url":"https://unt-argentina.academia.edu/NuritGinel?f_ri=16681","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-28123567">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-28123567"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://unt-argentina.academia.edu/SilviaDip">Silvia Dip</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-28123567'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-28123567').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_28123567 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="28123567"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 28123567, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_28123567", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_28123567 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 28123567; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_28123567"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_28123567 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="28123567"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 28123567; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=28123567]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_28123567").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_28123567").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="28123567"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="388" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_Studies">Latin American Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="388" type="text/json">{"id":388,"name":"Latin American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_Studies?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="747" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Econometrics">Econometrics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="747" type="text/json">{"id":747,"name":"Econometrics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Econometrics?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1031" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Southeast_Asian_Studies">Southeast Asian Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1031" type="text/json">{"id":1031,"name":"Southeast Asian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Southeast_Asian_Studies?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3180" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Trade">International Trade</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3180" type="text/json">{"id":3180,"name":"International Trade","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Trade?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=28123567]'), work: {"id":28123567,"title":"Modelo de Gravedad de Comercio Aplicación MERCOSUR-ASEAN (2003-2014)","created_at":"2016-08-30T07:43:20.790-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/28123567/Modelo_de_Gravedad_de_Comercio_Aplicaci%C3%B3n_MERCOSUR_ASEAN_2003_2014_?f_ri=16681","dom_id":"work_28123567","summary":"Resumen \nEl objetivo del presente trabajo es estimar el potencial de comercio entre los bloques MERCOSUR y ASEAN+3, que reúnen los países del hemisferio sud americano y Asia del este. La metodología aplicada es el Modelo de Gravedad de Comercio para el período (2003-2014) mediante una estimación en Mínimos Cuadrados Ordinarios (OLS) y de Pseudo Máxima Verosimilitud (PML) en datos de panel. Los resultados señalan la existencia de potencial comercial entre ambos bloques. \nClasificación JEL: F1 O5 C4 \n\n\nAbstract \nThe aim of this study is to estimate the potential trade between MERCOSUR and ASEAN+3 economic blocks, bringing together the countries of the South American hemisphere and South East Asia. The methodology used is the gravity model of trade for the period (2003-2014) by Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and Pseudo Maximum Likelihood (PML) in panel data. The results indicate the existence of trade potential between the two blocs. \nJEL Classification: F1 O5 C4","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":48439372,"asset_id":28123567,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":21306123,"first_name":"Nurit","last_name":"Ginel","domain_name":"unt-argentina","page_name":"NuritGinel","display_name":"Nurit Ginel","profile_url":"https://unt-argentina.academia.edu/NuritGinel?f_ri=16681","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":50328238,"first_name":"Silvia","last_name":"Dip","domain_name":"unt-argentina","page_name":"SilviaDip","display_name":"Silvia Dip","profile_url":"https://unt-argentina.academia.edu/SilviaDip?f_ri=16681","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/50328238/13239319/14516580/s65_silvia.dip.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":388,"name":"Latin American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_Studies?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":747,"name":"Econometrics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Econometrics?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":1031,"name":"Southeast Asian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Southeast_Asian_Studies?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":3180,"name":"International Trade","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Trade?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":3671,"name":"Applied Econometrics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Econometrics?f_ri=16681"},{"id":10871,"name":"Regionalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regionalism?f_ri=16681"},{"id":16681,"name":"Economic integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_integration?f_ri=16681"},{"id":22965,"name":"Political Economy of International Trade","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Economy_of_International_Trade?f_ri=16681"},{"id":38972,"name":"ASEAN","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ASEAN?f_ri=16681"},{"id":40218,"name":"Mercosur/Mercosul","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mercosur_Mercosul?f_ri=16681"},{"id":840018,"name":"Gravity Model in International Trade","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gravity_Model_in_International_Trade?f_ri=16681"},{"id":1832970,"name":"Economic Blocs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_Blocs?f_ri=16681"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_43272344" data-work_id="43272344" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/43272344/MEMBANGUN_INDUSTRI_PETERNAKAN_SAPI_POTONG_RAKYAT_Sustainable_Integrated_Farming_System_SIFAS_Approach">MEMBANGUN INDUSTRI PETERNAKAN SAPI POTONG RAKYAT: Sustainable Integrated Farming System (SIFAS) Approach</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Analisis kebijakan pembangunan peternakan bebasis hasil riset dan abdimas</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/43272344" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="944f6e9779bc89d252e2593151a56013" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":63546022,"asset_id":43272344,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63546022/download_file?st=MTc0MDA0ODY0Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4453923" href="https://caripeluangusaha.academia.edu/NovraArdi">Ardi Novra</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4453923" type="text/json">{"id":4453923,"first_name":"Ardi","last_name":"Novra","domain_name":"caripeluangusaha","page_name":"NovraArdi","display_name":"Ardi Novra","profile_url":"https://caripeluangusaha.academia.edu/NovraArdi?f_ri=16681","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4453923/1821295/15964762/s65_ardi.novra.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_43272344 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="43272344"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 43272344, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_43272344", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_43272344 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43272344; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_43272344"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_43272344 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="43272344"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43272344; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=43272344]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_43272344").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_43272344").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="43272344"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1081" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_Safety">Food Safety</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1081" type="text/json">{"id":1081,"name":"Food Safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_Safety?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3529" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organic_agriculture">Organic agriculture</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3529" type="text/json">{"id":3529,"name":"Organic agriculture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organic_agriculture?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3530" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_agriculture">Sustainable agriculture</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3530" type="text/json">{"id":3530,"name":"Sustainable agriculture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_agriculture?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4524" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Development">Sustainable Development</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="4524" type="text/json">{"id":4524,"name":"Sustainable Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Development?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=43272344]'), work: {"id":43272344,"title":"MEMBANGUN INDUSTRI PETERNAKAN SAPI POTONG RAKYAT: Sustainable Integrated Farming System (SIFAS) Approach","created_at":"2020-06-06T07:25:11.615-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/43272344/MEMBANGUN_INDUSTRI_PETERNAKAN_SAPI_POTONG_RAKYAT_Sustainable_Integrated_Farming_System_SIFAS_Approach?f_ri=16681","dom_id":"work_43272344","summary":"Analisis kebijakan pembangunan peternakan bebasis hasil riset dan abdimas","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":63546022,"asset_id":43272344,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4453923,"first_name":"Ardi","last_name":"Novra","domain_name":"caripeluangusaha","page_name":"NovraArdi","display_name":"Ardi Novra","profile_url":"https://caripeluangusaha.academia.edu/NovraArdi?f_ri=16681","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4453923/1821295/15964762/s65_ardi.novra.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1081,"name":"Food Safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_Safety?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":3529,"name":"Organic agriculture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organic_agriculture?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":3530,"name":"Sustainable agriculture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_agriculture?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":4524,"name":"Sustainable Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Development?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":16681,"name":"Economic integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_integration?f_ri=16681"},{"id":21638,"name":"Sustainable Rural Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Rural_Development?f_ri=16681"},{"id":35646,"name":"Community Empowerment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Empowerment?f_ri=16681"},{"id":97099,"name":"Rural Develoment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rural_Develoment?f_ri=16681"},{"id":969017,"name":"Livestock Production Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Livestock_Production_Economics?f_ri=16681"},{"id":1119782,"name":"Feedlot Cattle","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Feedlot_Cattle?f_ri=16681"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_49839790" data-work_id="49839790" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/49839790/UZBEKISTAN_AND_THE_EAEU_PROSPECTS_AND_POTENTIAL_IMPACT_OF_ECONOMIC_INTEGRATION">UZBEKISTAN AND THE EAEU: PROSPECTS AND POTENTIAL IMPACT OF ECONOMIC INTEGRATION</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This report assesses the potential effects of integration of the Republic of Uzbekistan with the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU), and lists the most promising areas of cooperation between the current Union member countries and Uzbekistan.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_49839790" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This report assesses the potential effects of integration of the Republic of Uzbekistan with the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU), and lists the most promising areas of cooperation between the current Union member countries and Uzbekistan. The authors have examined the key indicators of social and economic development of Uzbekistan and the main areas of trade and investment cooperation between the republic and the EAEU, and have presented an in-depth review of two sectors that are critical for Uzbekistan and for Central Asia as a whole: transport and the water and energy complex. The authors have concluded that, inasmuch as Uzbekistan is a large and strategically positioned Central Asia player, resolution of regional development issues without its participation will not make much progress. Deeper economic integration between Uzbekistan and the EAEU may become a major driver of investment and trade cooperation.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/49839790" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ae9adfb8329fb0bfe250a55929a01194" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":68049658,"asset_id":49839790,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/68049658/download_file?st=MTc0MDA0ODY0Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="57101224" href="https://independent.academia.edu/EVinokurov">Evgeny Vinokurov</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="57101224" type="text/json">{"id":57101224,"first_name":"Evgeny","last_name":"Vinokurov","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"EVinokurov","display_name":"Evgeny Vinokurov","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/EVinokurov?f_ri=16681","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/57101224/35923121/30966399/s65_e..vinokurov.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_49839790 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="49839790"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 49839790, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_49839790", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_49839790 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 49839790; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_49839790"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_49839790 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="49839790"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 49839790; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=49839790]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_49839790").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_49839790").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="49839790"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16681" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_integration">Economic integration</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="16681" type="text/json">{"id":16681,"name":"Economic integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_integration?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="49796" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="49796" type="text/json">{"id":49796,"name":"Uzbekistan","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Uzbekistan?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="99915" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integration">Integration</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="99915" type="text/json">{"id":99915,"name":"Integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integration?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="271659" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_and_Economic_Development">Social and Economic Development</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="271659" type="text/json">{"id":271659,"name":"Social and Economic Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_and_Economic_Development?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=49839790]'), work: {"id":49839790,"title":"UZBEKISTAN AND THE EAEU: PROSPECTS AND POTENTIAL IMPACT OF ECONOMIC INTEGRATION","created_at":"2021-07-13T00:28:07.795-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/49839790/UZBEKISTAN_AND_THE_EAEU_PROSPECTS_AND_POTENTIAL_IMPACT_OF_ECONOMIC_INTEGRATION?f_ri=16681","dom_id":"work_49839790","summary":"This report assesses the potential effects of integration of the Republic of Uzbekistan with the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU), and lists the most promising areas of cooperation between the current Union member countries and Uzbekistan. The authors have examined the key indicators of social and economic development of Uzbekistan and the main areas of trade and investment cooperation between the republic and the EAEU, and have presented an in-depth review of two sectors that are critical for Uzbekistan and for Central Asia as a whole: transport and the water and energy complex. The authors have concluded that, inasmuch as Uzbekistan is a large and strategically positioned Central Asia player, resolution of regional development issues without its participation will not make much progress. Deeper economic integration between Uzbekistan and the EAEU may become a major driver of investment and trade cooperation. \n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":68049658,"asset_id":49839790,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":57101224,"first_name":"Evgeny","last_name":"Vinokurov","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"EVinokurov","display_name":"Evgeny Vinokurov","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/EVinokurov?f_ri=16681","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/57101224/35923121/30966399/s65_e..vinokurov.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":16681,"name":"Economic integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_integration?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":49796,"name":"Uzbekistan","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Uzbekistan?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":99915,"name":"Integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integration?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":271659,"name":"Social and Economic Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_and_Economic_Development?f_ri=16681","nofollow":true},{"id":896263,"name":"Eurasian Economic Union","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eurasian_Economic_Union?f_ri=16681"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="u-taCenter Pagination"><ul class="pagination"><li class="next_page"><a href="/Documents/in/Economic_integration?after=50%2C49839790" rel="next">Next</a></li><li class="last next"><a href="/Documents/in/Economic_integration?page=last">Last »</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="hidden-xs hidden-sm"><div class="u-pl6x"><div style="width: 300px;"><div class="panel panel-flat u-mt7x"><div class="panel-heading u-p5x"><div class="u-tcGrayDark u-taCenter u-fw700 u-textUppercase">Related Topics</div></div><ul class="list-group"><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Globalization">Globalization</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="1439">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="1439">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pleasure">Pleasure</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="11070">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="11070">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ASEAN_Studies">ASEAN Studies</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="183140">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="183140">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Integration">Regional Integration</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="28046">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="28046">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Happiness_and_Well_Being">Happiness and Well Being</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="36621">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="36621">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Technology">Information Technology</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="491">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="491">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations">International Relations</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="797">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="797">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science">Political Science</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="4486">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="4486">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Small_Medium_Enterprises">Small Medium Enterprises</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="653591">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="653591">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Campo_Cientifico">Campo Científico</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="168268">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="168268">Following</a></div></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div></div><script>// MIT License // Copyright © 2011 Sebastian Tschan, https://blueimp.net // Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of // this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in // the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to // use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of // the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, // subject to the following conditions: // The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all // copies or substantial portions of the Software. // THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR // IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS // FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR // COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER // IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN // CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE. !function(n){"use strict";function d(n,t){var r=(65535&n)+(65535&t);return(n>>16)+(t>>16)+(r>>16)<<16|65535&r}function f(n,t,r,e,o,u){return d((c=d(d(t,n),d(e,u)))<<(f=o)|c>>>32-f,r);var c,f}function l(n,t,r,e,o,u,c){return f(t&r|~t&e,n,t,o,u,c)}function v(n,t,r,e,o,u,c){return f(t&e|r&~e,n,t,o,u,c)}function g(n,t,r,e,o,u,c){return f(t^r^e,n,t,o,u,c)}function m(n,t,r,e,o,u,c){return f(r^(t|~e),n,t,o,u,c)}function i(n,t){var r,e,o,u;n[t>>5]|=128<<t%32,n[14+(t+64>>>9<<4)]=t;for(var c=1732584193,f=-271733879,i=-1732584194,a=271733878,h=0;h<n.length;h+=16)c=l(r=c,e=f,o=i,u=a,n[h],7,-680876936),a=l(a,c,f,i,n[h+1],12,-389564586),i=l(i,a,c,f,n[h+2],17,606105819),f=l(f,i,a,c,n[h+3],22,-1044525330),c=l(c,f,i,a,n[h+4],7,-176418897),a=l(a,c,f,i,n[h+5],12,1200080426),i=l(i,a,c,f,n[h+6],17,-1473231341),f=l(f,i,a,c,n[h+7],22,-45705983),c=l(c,f,i,a,n[h+8],7,1770035416),a=l(a,c,f,i,n[h+9],12,-1958414417),i=l(i,a,c,f,n[h+10],17,-42063),f=l(f,i,a,c,n[h+11],22,-1990404162),c=l(c,f,i,a,n[h+12],7,1804603682),a=l(a,c,f,i,n[h+13],12,-40341101),i=l(i,a,c,f,n[h+14],17,-1502002290),c=v(c,f=l(f,i,a,c,n[h+15],22,1236535329),i,a,n[h+1],5,-165796510),a=v(a,c,f,i,n[h+6],9,-1069501632),i=v(i,a,c,f,n[h+11],14,643717713),f=v(f,i,a,c,n[h],20,-373897302),c=v(c,f,i,a,n[h+5],5,-701558691),a=v(a,c,f,i,n[h+10],9,38016083),i=v(i,a,c,f,n[h+15],14,-660478335),f=v(f,i,a,c,n[h+4],20,-405537848),c=v(c,f,i,a,n[h+9],5,568446438),a=v(a,c,f,i,n[h+14],9,-1019803690),i=v(i,a,c,f,n[h+3],14,-187363961),f=v(f,i,a,c,n[h+8],20,1163531501),c=v(c,f,i,a,n[h+13],5,-1444681467),a=v(a,c,f,i,n[h+2],9,-51403784),i=v(i,a,c,f,n[h+7],14,1735328473),c=g(c,f=v(f,i,a,c,n[h+12],20,-1926607734),i,a,n[h+5],4,-378558),a=g(a,c,f,i,n[h+8],11,-2022574463),i=g(i,a,c,f,n[h+11],16,1839030562),f=g(f,i,a,c,n[h+14],23,-35309556),c=g(c,f,i,a,n[h+1],4,-1530992060),a=g(a,c,f,i,n[h+4],11,1272893353),i=g(i,a,c,f,n[h+7],16,-155497632),f=g(f,i,a,c,n[h+10],23,-1094730640),c=g(c,f,i,a,n[h+13],4,681279174),a=g(a,c,f,i,n[h],11,-358537222),i=g(i,a,c,f,n[h+3],16,-722521979),f=g(f,i,a,c,n[h+6],23,76029189),c=g(c,f,i,a,n[h+9],4,-640364487),a=g(a,c,f,i,n[h+12],11,-421815835),i=g(i,a,c,f,n[h+15],16,530742520),c=m(c,f=g(f,i,a,c,n[h+2],23,-995338651),i,a,n[h],6,-198630844),a=m(a,c,f,i,n[h+7],10,1126891415),i=m(i,a,c,f,n[h+14],15,-1416354905),f=m(f,i,a,c,n[h+5],21,-57434055),c=m(c,f,i,a,n[h+12],6,1700485571),a=m(a,c,f,i,n[h+3],10,-1894986606),i=m(i,a,c,f,n[h+10],15,-1051523),f=m(f,i,a,c,n[h+1],21,-2054922799),c=m(c,f,i,a,n[h+8],6,1873313359),a=m(a,c,f,i,n[h+15],10,-30611744),i=m(i,a,c,f,n[h+6],15,-1560198380),f=m(f,i,a,c,n[h+13],21,1309151649),c=m(c,f,i,a,n[h+4],6,-145523070),a=m(a,c,f,i,n[h+11],10,-1120210379),i=m(i,a,c,f,n[h+2],15,718787259),f=m(f,i,a,c,n[h+9],21,-343485551),c=d(c,r),f=d(f,e),i=d(i,o),a=d(a,u);return[c,f,i,a]}function a(n){for(var t="",r=32*n.length,e=0;e<r;e+=8)t+=String.fromCharCode(n[e>>5]>>>e%32&255);return t}function h(n){var t=[];for(t[(n.length>>2)-1]=void 0,e=0;e<t.length;e+=1)t[e]=0;for(var r=8*n.length,e=0;e<r;e+=8)t[e>>5]|=(255&n.charCodeAt(e/8))<<e%32;return t}function e(n){for(var t,r="0123456789abcdef",e="",o=0;o<n.length;o+=1)t=n.charCodeAt(o),e+=r.charAt(t>>>4&15)+r.charAt(15&t);return e}function r(n){return unescape(encodeURIComponent(n))}function o(n){return a(i(h(t=r(n)),8*t.length));var t}function u(n,t){return function(n,t){var r,e,o=h(n),u=[],c=[];for(u[15]=c[15]=void 0,16<o.length&&(o=i(o,8*n.length)),r=0;r<16;r+=1)u[r]=909522486^o[r],c[r]=1549556828^o[r];return e=i(u.concat(h(t)),512+8*t.length),a(i(c.concat(e),640))}(r(n),r(t))}function t(n,t,r){return t?r?u(t,n):e(u(t,n)):r?o(n):e(o(n))}"function"==typeof define&&define.amd?define(function(){return t}):"object"==typeof module&&module.exports?module.exports=t:n.md5=t}(this);</script><script>window.AbTest = (function() { return { 'ab_test': (uniqueId, test_name, buckets) => { let override = new URLSearchParams(window.location.search).get(`ab_test[${test_name}]`); if ( override ) { return override; } const bucketNames = buckets.map((bucket) => { return typeof bucket === 'string' ? bucket : Object.keys(bucket)[0]; }); const weights = buckets.map((bucket) => { return typeof bucket === 'string' ? 1 : Object.values(bucket)[0]; }); const total = weights.reduce((sum, weight) => sum + weight); const hash = md5(`${uniqueId}${test_name}`); const hashNum = parseInt(hash.slice(-12), 16); let bucketPoint = total * (hashNum % 100000) / 100000; const bucket = bucketNames.find((_, i) => { if (weights[i] > bucketPoint) { return true; } bucketPoint -= weights[i]; return false; }); return bucket; } }; })();</script><div data-auto_select="false" data-client_id="331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b" data-landing_url="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_integration" data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><script>function onGoogleOneTapEvent(event) { var momentType = event.getMomentType(); var momentReason = null; if (event.isNotDisplayed()) { momentReason = event.getNotDisplayedReason(); } else if (event.isSkippedMoment()) { momentReason = event.getSkippedReason(); } else if (event.isDismissedMoment()) { momentReason = event.getDismissedReason(); } Aedu.arbitraryEvents.write('GoogleOneTapEvent', { moment_type: momentType, moment_reason: momentReason, }); }</script><script>(function() { var auvid = unescape( document.cookie .split(/; ?/) .find((s) => s.startsWith('auvid')) .substring(6)); var bucket = AbTest.ab_test(auvid, 'lo_ri_one_tap_google_sign_on', ['control', 'one_tap_google_sign_on']); if (bucket === 'control') return; var oneTapTag = document.createElement('script') oneTapTag.async = true oneTapTag.defer = true oneTapTag.src = 'https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client' document.body.appendChild(oneTapTag) })();</script></div></div></div> </div> <div class="bootstrap login"><div class="modal fade login-modal" id="login-modal"><div class="login-modal-dialog modal-dialog"><div class="modal-content"><div class="modal-header"><button class="close close" data-dismiss="modal" type="button"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span><span class="sr-only">Close</span></button><h4 class="modal-title text-center"><strong>Log In</strong></h4></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><button class="btn btn-fb btn-lg btn-block btn-v-center-content" id="login-facebook-oauth-button"><svg style="float: left; width: 19px; line-height: 1em; margin-right: .3em;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="facebook-square" class="svg-inline--fa fa-facebook-square fa-w-14" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M400 32H48A48 48 0 0 0 0 80v352a48 48 0 0 0 48 48h137.25V327.69h-63V256h63v-54.64c0-62.15 37-96.48 93.67-96.48 27.14 0 55.52 4.84 55.52 4.84v61h-31.27c-30.81 0-40.42 19.12-40.42 38.73V256h68.78l-11 71.69h-57.78V480H400a48 48 0 0 0 48-48V80a48 48 0 0 0-48-48z"></path></svg><small><strong>Log in</strong> with <strong>Facebook</strong></small></button><br /><button class="btn btn-google btn-lg btn-block btn-v-center-content" id="login-google-oauth-button"><svg style="float: left; width: 22px; line-height: 1em; margin-right: .3em;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="google-plus" class="svg-inline--fa fa-google-plus fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256,8C119.1,8,8,119.1,8,256S119.1,504,256,504,504,392.9,504,256,392.9,8,256,8ZM185.3,380a124,124,0,0,1,0-248c31.3,0,60.1,11,83,32.3l-33.6,32.6c-13.2-12.9-31.3-19.1-49.4-19.1-42.9,0-77.2,35.5-77.2,78.1S142.3,334,185.3,334c32.6,0,64.9-19.1,70.1-53.3H185.3V238.1H302.2a109.2,109.2,0,0,1,1.9,20.7c0,70.8-47.5,121.2-118.8,121.2ZM415.5,273.8v35.5H380V273.8H344.5V238.3H380V202.8h35.5v35.5h35.2v35.5Z"></path></svg><small><strong>Log in</strong> with <strong>Google</strong></small></button><br /><style type="text/css">.sign-in-with-apple-button { width: 100%; height: 52px; border-radius: 3px; border: 1px solid black; cursor: pointer; } .sign-in-with-apple-button > div { margin: 0 auto; / This centers the Apple-rendered button horizontally }</style><script src="https://appleid.cdn-apple.com/appleauth/static/jsapi/appleid/1/en_US/appleid.auth.js" type="text/javascript"></script><div class="sign-in-with-apple-button" data-border="false" data-color="white" id="appleid-signin"><span   ="Sign Up with Apple" class="u-fs11"></span></div><script>AppleID.auth.init({ clientId: 'edu.academia.applesignon', scope: 'name email', redirectURI: 'https://www.academia.edu/sessions', state: "7369a69b06e706956ccdd8096079ed2e769fb041c28b8788190089c8403199f4", });</script><script>// Hacky way of checking if on fast loswp if (window.loswp == null) { (function() { const Google = window?.Aedu?.Auth?.OauthButton?.Login?.Google; const Facebook = window?.Aedu?.Auth?.OauthButton?.Login?.Facebook; if (Google) { new Google({ el: '#login-google-oauth-button', rememberMeCheckboxId: 'remember_me', track: null }); } if (Facebook) { new Facebook({ el: '#login-facebook-oauth-button', rememberMeCheckboxId: 'remember_me', track: null }); } })(); }</script></div></div></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><div class="hr-heading login-hr-heading"><span class="hr-heading-text">or</span></div></div></div></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><form class="js-login-form" action="https://www.academia.edu/sessions" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input type="hidden" name="authenticity_token" value="463moxKQKj77Gdcys9QZcMSzhxdB4U4J1ov34vOwtVWkMvQ6utMylMQByPW2kmy4feWxpnSrhlqwx7pcp7TsAA" autocomplete="off" /><div class="form-group"><label class="control-label" for="login-modal-email-input" style="font-size: 14px;">Email</label><input class="form-control" id="login-modal-email-input" name="login" type="email" /></div><div class="form-group"><label class="control-label" for="login-modal-password-input" style="font-size: 14px;">Password</label><input class="form-control" id="login-modal-password-input" name="password" type="password" /></div><input type="hidden" name="post_login_redirect_url" id="post_login_redirect_url" value="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_integration" autocomplete="off" /><div class="checkbox"><label><input type="checkbox" name="remember_me" id="remember_me" value="1" checked="checked" /><small style="font-size: 12px; margin-top: 2px; display: inline-block;">Remember me on this computer</small></label></div><br><input type="submit" name="commit" value="Log In" class="btn btn-primary btn-block btn-lg js-login-submit" data-disable-with="Log In" /></br></form><script>typeof window?.Aedu?.recaptchaManagedForm === 'function' && window.Aedu.recaptchaManagedForm( document.querySelector('.js-login-form'), document.querySelector('.js-login-submit') );</script><small style="font-size: 12px;"><br />or <a data-target="#login-modal-reset-password-container" data-toggle="collapse" href="javascript:void(0)">reset password</a></small><div class="collapse" id="login-modal-reset-password-container"><br /><div class="well margin-0x"><form class="js-password-reset-form" action="https://www.academia.edu/reset_password" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input type="hidden" name="authenticity_token" value="DRJQyVGYIHs3S3YAScyxIMPLu-T7q9Hqtx649SAkG3RKjUJQ-ds40QhTacdMisToep2NVc7hGbnRUvVLdCBCIQ" autocomplete="off" /><p>Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link.</p><div class="form-group"><input class="form-control" name="email" type="email" /></div><script src="https://recaptcha.net/recaptcha/api.js" async defer></script> <script> var invisibleRecaptchaSubmit = function () { var closestForm = function (ele) { var curEle = ele.parentNode; while (curEle.nodeName !== 'FORM' && curEle.nodeName !== 'BODY'){ curEle = curEle.parentNode; } return curEle.nodeName === 'FORM' ? curEle : null }; var eles = document.getElementsByClassName('g-recaptcha'); if (eles.length > 0) { var form = closestForm(eles[0]); if (form) { form.submit(); } } }; </script> <input type="submit" data-sitekey="6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj" data-callback="invisibleRecaptchaSubmit" class="g-recaptcha btn btn-primary btn-block" value="Email me a link" value=""/> </form></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/collapse-45805421cf446ca5adf7aaa1935b08a3a8d1d9a6cc5d91a62a2a3a00b20b3e6a.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb $("#login-modal-reset-password-container").on("shown.bs.collapse", function() { $(this).find("input[type=email]").focus(); }); }); </script> </div></div></div><div class="modal-footer"><div class="text-center"><small style="font-size: 12px;">Need an account? <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup">Click here to sign up</a></small></div></div></div></div></div></div><script>// If we are on subdomain or non-bootstrapped page, redirect to login page instead of showing modal (function(){ if (typeof $ === 'undefined') return; var host = window.location.hostname; if ((host === $domain || host === "www."+$domain) && (typeof $().modal === 'function')) { $("#nav_log_in").click(function(e) { // Don't follow the link and open the modal e.preventDefault(); $("#login-modal").on('shown.bs.modal', function() { $(this).find("#login-modal-email-input").focus() }).modal('show'); }); } })()</script> <div class="bootstrap" id="footer"><div class="footer-content clearfix text-center padding-top-7x" style="width:100%;"><ul class="footer-links-secondary footer-links-wide list-inline margin-bottom-1x"><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/about">About</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/press">Press</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/documents">Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/topics">Topics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/journals">Academia.edu Journals</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/hiring"><svg style="width: 13px; height: 13px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="briefcase" class="svg-inline--fa fa-briefcase fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M320 336c0 8.84-7.16 16-16 16h-96c-8.84 0-16-7.16-16-16v-48H0v144c0 25.6 22.4 48 48 48h416c25.6 0 48-22.4 48-48V288H320v48zm144-208h-80V80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48H176c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v48H48c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v80h512v-80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48zm-144 0H192V96h128v32z"></path></svg> <strong>We're Hiring!</strong></a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://support.academia.edu/hc/en-us"><svg style="width: 12px; height: 12px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="question-circle" class="svg-inline--fa fa-question-circle fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M504 256c0 136.997-111.043 248-248 248S8 392.997 8 256C8 119.083 119.043 8 256 8s248 111.083 248 248zM262.655 90c-54.497 0-89.255 22.957-116.549 63.758-3.536 5.286-2.353 12.415 2.715 16.258l34.699 26.31c5.205 3.947 12.621 3.008 16.665-2.122 17.864-22.658 30.113-35.797 57.303-35.797 20.429 0 45.698 13.148 45.698 32.958 0 14.976-12.363 22.667-32.534 33.976C247.128 238.528 216 254.941 216 296v4c0 6.627 5.373 12 12 12h56c6.627 0 12-5.373 12-12v-1.333c0-28.462 83.186-29.647 83.186-106.667 0-58.002-60.165-102-116.531-102zM256 338c-25.365 0-46 20.635-46 46 0 25.364 20.635 46 46 46s46-20.636 46-46c0-25.365-20.635-46-46-46z"></path></svg> <strong>Help Center</strong></a></li></ul><ul class="footer-links-tertiary list-inline margin-bottom-1x"><li class="small">Find new research papers in:</li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physics">Physics</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry">Chemistry</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology">Biology</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Sciences">Health Sciences</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology">Ecology</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earth_Sciences">Earth Sciences</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematics">Mathematics</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science">Computer Science</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="DesignSystem" id="credit" style="width:100%;"><ul class="u-pl0x footer-links-legal list-inline"><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/terms">Terms</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/privacy">Privacy</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/copyright">Copyright</a></li><li>Academia ©2025</li></ul></div><script> //<![CDATA[ window.detect_gmtoffset = true; window.Academia && window.Academia.set_gmtoffset && Academia.set_gmtoffset('/gmtoffset'); //]]> </script> <div id='overlay_background'></div> <div id='bootstrap-modal-container' class='bootstrap'></div> <div id='ds-modal-container' class='bootstrap DesignSystem'></div> <div id='full-screen-modal'></div> </div> </body> </html>