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href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Offizielle_Transkription_der_Volksrepublik_China_f%C3%BCr_das_Tibetische" title="Offizielle Transkription der Volksrepublik China für das Tibetische – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Offizielle Transkription der Volksrepublik China für das Tibetische" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin_tibetano" title="Pinyin tibetano – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Pinyin tibetano" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin_tib%C3%A9tain" title="Pinyin tibétain – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Pinyin tibétain" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin_tibetano" title="Pinyin tibetano – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Pinyin tibetano" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetaans_pinyin" title="Tibetaans pinyin – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Tibetaans pinyin" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%94%B5%E6%96%87%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" title="蔵文拼音 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="蔵文拼音" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetansk_pinyin" title="Tibetansk pinyin – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tibetansk pinyin" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%AF%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A8" title="ਤਿੱਬਤੀ ਪਿਨਯਿਨ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਤਿੱਬਤੀ ਪਿਨਯਿਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin_tybeta%C5%84ski" title="Pinyin tybetański – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Pinyin tybetański" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin_tibetano" title="Pinyin tibetano – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Pinyin tibetano" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Тибетский пиньинь – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Тибетский пиньинь" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetansk_pinyin" title="Tibetansk pinyin – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tibetansk pinyin" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%95" title="พินอินทิเบต – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พินอินทิเบต" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%ADnh_%C3%A2m_ti%E1%BA%BFng_T%E1%BA%A1ng" title="Bính âm tiếng Tạng – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bính âm tiếng Tạng" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" 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href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E6%96%87" class="extiw" title="wikt:藏文">藏文</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" class="extiw" title="wikt:拼音">拼音</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Zàngwén Pīnyīn</span></i>), is the official <a href="/wiki/Transcription_(linguistics)" title="Transcription (linguistics)">transcription</a> system for the Tibetan language in China.<sup id="cite_ref-moe_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-moe-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is based on the pronunciation used by <a href="/wiki/China_National_Radio" title="China National Radio">China National Radio</a>'s Tibetan Radio,<sup id="cite_ref-moe_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-moe-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which is based on the <a href="/wiki/Lhasa_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Lhasa dialect">Lhasa dialect</a>. It has been used within China as an alternative to the <a href="/wiki/Wylie_transliteration" title="Wylie transliteration">Wylie transliteration</a> for writing Tibetan in the <a href="/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script">Latin script</a> since 1982.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-m187_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m187-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tibetan pinyin is a phonetic transcription, and as such its spelling is tied to actual pronunciation (although tone is not marked).<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wylie on the other hand is a <a href="/wiki/Transliteration" title="Transliteration">transliteration</a> system, where mechanical conversion to and from Tibetan and Latin script is possible. Within academic circles, Wylie transliteration (with a <i>v</i> replacing the <a href="/wiki/Apostrophe" title="Apostrophe">apostrophe</a>) is more commonly used. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tibetan_pinyin&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Overview"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Onsets_overview">Onsets overview</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tibetan_pinyin&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Onsets overview"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Independent onsets in the initial syllable of a word are transcribed as follows: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td><big><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1106655535">.mw-parser-output .uchen{font-family:"Jomolhari","Uchen","Noto Serif Tibetan Medium","Noto Serif Tibetan","BabelStone Tibetan Slim","Yagpo Tibetan Uni","Noto Sans Tibetan","Microsoft Himalaya","Kailash","DDC Uchen","TCRC Youtso Unicode","Tibetan Machine Uni","Qomolangma-Uchen Sarchen","Qomolangma-Uchen Sarchung","Qomolangma-Uchen Suring","Qomolangma-Uchen Sutung","Qomolangma-Title","Qomolangma-Subtitle","DDC Rinzin","Qomolangma-Woodblock","Qomolangma-Dunhuang"}.mw-parser-output .ume{font-family:"Qomolangma-Betsu","Qomolangma-Chuyig","Qomolangma-Drutsa","Qomolangma-Edict","Qomolangma-Tsumachu","Qomolangma-Tsuring","Qomolangma-Tsutong","TibetanSambhotaYigchung","TibetanTsugRing","TibetanYigchung"}</style><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; vertical-align:middle; word-wrap:break-word;">ཀ་</span></big></td> <td><big><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1106655535"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; vertical-align:middle; word-wrap:break-word;">ཁ་<br />ག་</span></big></td> <td><big><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1106655535"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; vertical-align:middle; word-wrap:break-word;">ང་</span></big></td> <td><big><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1106655535"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; vertical-align:middle; word-wrap:break-word;">ཅ་</span></big></td> <td><big><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1106655535"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; vertical-align:middle; word-wrap:break-word;">ཇ་<br />ཆ་</span></big></td> <td><big><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1106655535"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; vertical-align:middle; word-wrap:break-word;">ཉ་</span></big></td> <td><big><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1106655535"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; vertical-align:middle; word-wrap:break-word;">ཏ་</span></big></td> <td><big><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1106655535"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; vertical-align:middle; word-wrap:break-word;">ད་<br />ཐ་</span></big></td> <td><big><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1106655535"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; vertical-align:middle; word-wrap:break-word;">ན་</span></big></td> <td><big><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1106655535"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; vertical-align:middle; word-wrap:break-word;">པ་</span></big></td> <td><big><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1106655535"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; vertical-align:middle; word-wrap:break-word;">ཕ་<br />བ་</span></big></td> <td><big><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1106655535"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; vertical-align:middle; word-wrap:break-word;">མ་</span></big></td> <td><big><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1106655535"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; vertical-align:middle; word-wrap:break-word;">ཙ་</span></big></td> <td><big><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1106655535"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; vertical-align:middle; word-wrap:break-word;">ཛ་<br />ཚ་</span></big></td> <td><big><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1106655535"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; vertical-align:middle; word-wrap:break-word;">ཝ་</span></big></td> <td><big><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1106655535"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; vertical-align:middle; word-wrap:break-word;">ཞ་<br />ཤ་</span></big></td> <td><big><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1106655535"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; vertical-align:middle; word-wrap:break-word;">ཟ་<br />ས་</span></big></td> <td><big><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1106655535"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; vertical-align:middle; word-wrap:break-word;">ཡ་</span></big></td> <td><big><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1106655535"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; vertical-align:middle; word-wrap:break-word;">ར་</span></big></td> <td><big><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1106655535"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; vertical-align:middle; word-wrap:break-word;">ལ་</span></big></td> <td><big><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1106655535"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; vertical-align:middle; word-wrap:break-word;">ཧ་</span></big></td> <td><big><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1106655535"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; vertical-align:middle; word-wrap:break-word;">ཀྱ་</span></big></td> <td><big><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1106655535"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; vertical-align:middle; word-wrap:break-word;">ཁྱ་<br />གྱ་</span></big></td> <td><big><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1106655535"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; vertical-align:middle; word-wrap:break-word;">ཧྱ་</span></big></td> <td><big><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1106655535"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; vertical-align:middle; word-wrap:break-word;">ཀྲ་</span></big></td> <td><big><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1106655535"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; vertical-align:middle; word-wrap:break-word;">ཁྲ་<br />གྲ་</span></big></td> <td><big><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1106655535"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; vertical-align:middle; word-wrap:break-word;">ཧྲ་</span></big></td> <td><big><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1106655535"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; vertical-align:middle; word-wrap:break-word;">ལྷ་</span></big></td> <td><big><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1106655535"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; vertical-align:middle; word-wrap:break-word;">རྷ་</span></big> </td></tr> <tr> <td>g</td> <td>k</td> <td>ng</td> <td>j</td> <td>q</td> <td>ny</td> <td>d</td> <td>t</td> <td>n</td> <td>b</td> <td>p</td> <td>m</td> <td>z</td> <td>c</td> <td>w</td> <td>x</td> <td>s</td> <td>y</td> <td>r</td> <td>l</td> <td>h</td> <td>gy</td> <td>ky</td> <td>hy</td> <td>zh</td> <td>ch</td> <td>sh</td> <td>lh</td> <td>rh </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>For more general case, see <a href="#Onsets">#Onsets</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vowels_and_final_consonant">Vowels and final consonant</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tibetan_pinyin&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Vowels and final consonant"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The 17 <a href="/wiki/Vowel" title="Vowel">vowels</a> of the Lhasa dialect are represented in as follows: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>IPA</th> <th>Tibetan<br />pinyin</th> <th>IPA</th> <th>Tibetan<br />pinyin </th></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">i</span></td> <td>i</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ĩ</span></td> <td>in </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">e</span></td> <td>ê</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ẽ</span></td> <td>en </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɛ</span></td> <td>ai/ä</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɛ̃</span></td> <td>ain/än </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">a</span></td> <td>a</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ã</span></td> <td>an </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">u</span></td> <td>u</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ũ</span></td> <td>un </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">o</span></td> <td>ô</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">õ</span></td> <td>on </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɔ</span></td> <td>o</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɔ̃</span></td> <td>ǒn </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">y</span></td> <td>ü</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ỹ</span></td> <td>ün </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ø</span></td> <td>oi/ö</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ø̃</span></td> <td>oin/ön </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Ending a syllable, <i>-r</i> is usually not pronounced, but it lengthens the preceding vowel. In the same place, <i>-n</i> usually nasalises the preceding vowel. Consonants at the end of a syllable are transcribed as follows: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>IPA</th> <th>Tibetan<br />pinyin </th></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ʔ̞</span></td> <td>b/• </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ʔ</span></td> <td>g/— </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">r</span></td> <td>r </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">m</span></td> <td>m </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ŋ</span></td> <td>ng </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Single_syllable_orthography">Single syllable orthography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tibetan_pinyin&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Single syllable orthography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The tone of a <a href="/wiki/Syllable" title="Syllable">syllable</a> depends mostly on its initial <a href="/wiki/Consonant" title="Consonant">consonant</a>. In this table, each initial is given in the <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">International Phonetic Alphabet</a> (IPA) with the vowel <i>a</i> and a tone mark to present tone register (high/low). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Onsets">Onsets</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tibetan_pinyin&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Onsets"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Below is a comprehensive transcription table of onsets of an initial syllable of a word. If the syllable to transcribe is not the first syllable of a word, see <a href="#Onset_variation">#Onset variation</a>. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Wylie_transliteration" title="Wylie transliteration">Wylie transliteration</a></th> <th><b>Tibetan pinyin</b></th> <th><a href="/wiki/THL_Simplified_Phonetic_Transcription" title="THL Simplified Phonetic Transcription">THL</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">pá</span></td> <td>p, sp, dp, lp</td> <td>b</td> <td>p </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">pà</span></td> <td>rb, sb, sbr</td> <td>b</td> <td>b </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">mpà</span></td> <td>lb, ’b</td> <td>b</td> <td>b </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">pʰá</span></td> <td>ph, ’ph</td> <td>p</td> <td>p </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">pʰà</span></td> <td>b</td> <td>p</td> <td>b </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">bà</span></td> <td>bh</td> <td>bh</td> <td>bh </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">má</span></td> <td>rm, sm, dm, smr</td> <td>m</td> <td>m </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">mà</span></td> <td>m, mr</td> <td>m</td> <td>m </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">wà</span></td> <td>w<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, db, b</td> <td>w</td> <td>w </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">tá</span></td> <td>t, rt, lt, st, tw, gt, bt, brt, blt, bst, bld</td> <td>d</td> <td>t </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">tà</span></td> <td>rd, sd, gd, bd, brd, bsd</td> <td>d</td> <td>d </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ntá</span></td> <td>lth</td> <td>d</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ntà</span></td> <td>zl, bzl, ld, md, ’d</td> <td>d</td> <td>d </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">tʰá</span></td> <td>th, mth, ’th</td> <td>t</td> <td>t </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">tʰà</span></td> <td>d, dw</td> <td>t</td> <td>d </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ná</span></td> <td>rn, sn, gn, brn, bsn, mn</td> <td>n</td> <td>n </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">nà</span></td> <td>n</td> <td>n</td> <td>n </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">lá</span></td> <td>kl, gl, bl, rl, sl, brl, bsl</td> <td>l</td> <td>l </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">là</span></td> <td>l, lw</td> <td>l</td> <td>l </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">l̥á</span></td> <td>lh</td> <td>lh</td> <td>lh </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">tsá</span></td> <td>ts, rts, sts, rtsw, stsw, gts, bts, brts, bsts</td> <td>z</td> <td>ts </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">tsà</span></td> <td>rdz, gdz, brdz</td> <td>z</td> <td>dz </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ntsà</span></td> <td>mdz, ’dz</td> <td>z</td> <td>dz </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">tsʰá</span></td> <td>tsh, tshw, mtsh, ’tsh</td> <td>c</td> <td>ts </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">tsʰà</span></td> <td>dz</td> <td>c</td> <td>dz </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">sá</span></td> <td>s, sr, sw, gs, bs, bsr</td> <td>s</td> <td>s </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">sà</span></td> <td>z, zw, gz, bz</td> <td>s</td> <td>z </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ʈʂá</span></td> <td>kr, rkr, lkr, skr, tr, pr, lpr, spr, dkr, dpr, bkr, bskr, bsr</td> <td>zh</td> <td>tr </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ʈʂà</span></td> <td>rgr, lgr, sgr, dgr, dbr, bsgr, rbr, lbr, sbr</td> <td>zh</td> <td>dr </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɳʈʂà</span></td> <td>mgr, ’gr, ’dr, ’br</td> <td>zh</td> <td>dr </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ʈʂʰá</span></td> <td>khr, thr, phr, mkhr, ’khr, ’phr</td> <td>ch</td> <td>tr </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ʈʂʰà</span></td> <td>gr, dr, br, grw</td> <td>ch</td> <td>dr </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ʂá</span></td> <td>hr</td> <td>sh</td> <td>hr </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">rà</span></td> <td>r, rw</td> <td>r</td> <td>r </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">r̥á</span></td> <td>rh</td> <td>rh</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">cá</span></td> <td>ky, rky, lky, sky, dky, bky, brky, bsky</td> <td>gy</td> <td>ky </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">cà</span></td> <td>rgy, lgy, sgy, dgy, bgy, brgy, bsgy</td> <td>gy</td> <td>gy </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɲcà</span></td> <td>mgy, ’gy</td> <td>gy</td> <td>gy </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">cʰá</span></td> <td>khy, mkhy, ’khy</td> <td>ky</td> <td>khy </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">cʰà</span></td> <td>gy</td> <td>ky</td> <td>gy </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">çá</span></td> <td>hy</td> <td>hy</td> <td>hy </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">tɕá</span></td> <td>c, cw, gc, bc, lc, py, lpy, spy, dpy</td> <td>j</td> <td>ch </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">tɕà</span></td> <td>rby, lby, sby, rj, gj, brj</td> <td>j</td> <td>j </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɲtɕà</span></td> <td>lj, mj, ’j, ’by</td> <td>j</td> <td>j </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">tɕʰá</span></td> <td>ch, mch, ’ch, phy, ’phy</td> <td>q</td> <td>ch </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">tɕʰà</span></td> <td>j, by</td> <td>q</td> <td>j </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɕá</span></td> <td>sh, shw, gsh, bsh</td> <td>x</td> <td>sh </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɕà</span></td> <td>zh, zhw, gzh, bzh</td> <td>x</td> <td>zh </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɲá</span></td> <td>rny, sny, gny, brny, bsny, mny, nyw, rmy, smy</td> <td>ny</td> <td>ny </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɲà</span></td> <td>ny, my</td> <td>ny</td> <td>ny </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">já</span></td> <td>g.y</td> <td>y</td> <td>y </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">jà</span></td> <td>y, dby</td> <td>y</td> <td>y </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ká</span></td> <td>k, rk, lk, sk, kw, dk, bk, brk, bsk</td> <td>g</td> <td>k </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">kà</span></td> <td>rg, lg, sg, dg, bg, brg, bsg</td> <td>g</td> <td>g </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ŋkà</span></td> <td>lg, mg, ’g</td> <td>g</td> <td>g </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">kʰá</span></td> <td>kh, khw, mkh, ’kh</td> <td>k</td> <td>kh </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">kʰà</span></td> <td>g, gw</td> <td>k</td> <td>g </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ŋá</span></td> <td>rng, lng, sng, dng, brng, bsng, mng</td> <td>ng</td> <td>ng </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ŋà</span></td> <td>ng</td> <td>ng</td> <td>ng </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ʔá</span></td> <td>—, db</td> <td>—</td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ʔ̞à</span></td> <td>’</td> <td>—</td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">há</span></td> <td>h, hw</td> <td>h</td> <td>h </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rimes">Rimes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tibetan_pinyin&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Rimes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Below is a comprehensive transcription table of rimes of a final syllable of a word, with IPA transcription for the Lhasa dialect.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> If the syllable to transcribe is not the final syllable of a word, see <a href="#Coda_variation">Coda variation</a>. </p><p>Take "ཨ" to be the consonant (not "◌"). </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td>Tibetan </td> <td><big><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1106655535"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; vertical-align:middle; word-wrap:break-word;">ཨ།</span></big></td> <td><big><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1106655535"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; vertical-align:middle; word-wrap:break-word;">ཨའུ།</span></big></td> <td><big><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1106655535"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; vertical-align:middle; word-wrap:break-word;">ཨར།</span></big></td> <td><big><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1106655535"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; vertical-align:middle; word-wrap:break-word;">ཨལ།<br />ཨའི།</span></big></td> <td><big><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1106655535"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; vertical-align:middle; word-wrap:break-word;">ཨད།<br />ཨས།</span></big></td> <td><big><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1106655535"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; vertical-align:middle; word-wrap:break-word;">ཨག།<br />ཨགས།</span></big></td> <td><big><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1106655535"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; vertical-align:middle; word-wrap:break-word;">ཨབ།<br />ཨབས།</span></big></td> <td><big><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1106655535"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; vertical-align:middle; word-wrap:break-word;">ཨང༌།<br />ཨངས།</span></big></td> <td><big><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1106655535"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; vertical-align:middle; word-wrap:break-word;">ཨམ།<br />ཨམས།</span></big></td> <td><big><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1106655535"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; vertical-align:middle; word-wrap:break-word;">ཨན།</span></big> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Wylie </td> <td><i>a</i> </td> <td><i>a'u</i> </td> <td><i>ar</i> </td> <td><i>al a'i</i> </td> <td><i>ad as</i> </td> <td><i>ag ags</i> </td> <td><i>ab abs</i> </td> <td><i>ang angs</i> </td> <td><i>am ams</i> </td> <td><i>an</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Pinyin </td> <td>a</td> <td>au</td> <td>ar</td> <td colspan="2">ai/ä</td> <td>ag</td> <td>ab</td> <td>ang</td> <td>am</td> <td>ain/än </td></tr> <tr> <td>IPA </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[a]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[au̯]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[aː]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɛː]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɛ]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ʌʡ]</span> ~ <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɤʡ]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ʌʡ̆]</span> ~ <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɤʡ̆]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[aŋ]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[am]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɛ̃ː]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tibetan </td> <td><big><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1106655535"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; vertical-align:middle; word-wrap:break-word;">ཨི།</span></big></td> <td><big><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1106655535"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; vertical-align:middle; word-wrap:break-word;">ཨིའུ།<br />ཨེའུ།</span></big></td> <td><big><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1106655535"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; vertical-align:middle; word-wrap:break-word;">ཨིར།</span></big></td> <td><big><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1106655535"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; vertical-align:middle; word-wrap:break-word;">ཨིལ།<br />ཨའི།</span></big></td> <td><big><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1106655535"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; vertical-align:middle; word-wrap:break-word;">ཨིད།<br />ཨིས།</span></big></td> <td><big><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1106655535"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; vertical-align:middle; word-wrap:break-word;">ཨིག།<br />ཨིགས།</span></big></td> <td><big><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1106655535"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; vertical-align:middle; word-wrap:break-word;">ཨིབ།<br />ཨིབས།</span></big></td> <td><big><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1106655535"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; vertical-align:middle; word-wrap:break-word;">ཨིང༌།<br />ཨིངས།</span></big></td> <td><big><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1106655535"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; vertical-align:middle; word-wrap:break-word;">ཨིམ།<br />ཨིམས།</span></big></td> <td><big><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1106655535"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; vertical-align:middle; word-wrap:break-word;">ཨིན།</span></big> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Wylie </td> <td><i>i</i> </td> <td><i>i'u</i> </td> <td><i>ir</i> </td> <td><i>il a'i</i> </td> <td><i>id is</i> </td> <td><i>ig igs</i> </td> <td><i>ib ibs</i> </td> <td><i>ing ings</i> </td> <td><i>im ims</i> </td> <td><i>in</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Pinyin </td> <td>i</td> <td>iu</td> <td>ir</td> <td colspan="2">i</td> <td>ig</td> <td>ib</td> <td>ing</td> <td>im</td> <td>in </td></tr> <tr> <td>IPA </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[i]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[iu̯]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[iː]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[iː]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[i]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[iʡ]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[iʡ̆]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɪŋ]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɪm]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ĩː]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tibetan </td> <td><big><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1106655535"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; vertical-align:middle; word-wrap:break-word;">ཨུ།</span></big></td> <td></td> <td><big><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1106655535"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; vertical-align:middle; word-wrap:break-word;">ཨུར།</span></big></td> <td><big><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1106655535"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; vertical-align:middle; word-wrap:break-word;">ཨུལ།<br />ཨུའི།</span></big></td> <td><big><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1106655535"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; vertical-align:middle; word-wrap:break-word;">ཨུད།<br />ཨུས།</span></big></td> <td><big><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1106655535"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; vertical-align:middle; word-wrap:break-word;">ཨུག།<br />ཨུགས།</span></big></td> <td><big><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1106655535"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; vertical-align:middle; word-wrap:break-word;">ཨུབ།<br />ཨུབས།</span></big></td> <td><big><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1106655535"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; vertical-align:middle; word-wrap:break-word;">ཨུང༌།<br />ཨུངས།</span></big></td> <td><big><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1106655535"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; vertical-align:middle; word-wrap:break-word;">ཨུམ།<br />ཨུམས།</span></big></td> <td><big><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1106655535"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; vertical-align:middle; word-wrap:break-word;">ཨུན།</span></big> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Wylie </td> <td><i>u</i> </td> <td> </td> <td><i>ur</i> </td> <td><i>ul u'i</i> </td> <td><i>ud us</i> </td> <td><i>ug ugs</i> </td> <td><i>ub ubs</i> </td> <td><i>ung ungs</i> </td> <td><i>um ums</i> </td> <td><i>un</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Pinyin </td> <td>u</td> <td></td> <td>ur</td> <td colspan="2">ü</td> <td>ug</td> <td>ub</td> <td>ung</td> <td>um</td> <td>ün </td></tr> <tr> <td>IPA </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[u]</span></td> <td></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[uː]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[yː]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[y]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[uʡ]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[uʡ̆]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ʊŋ]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ʊm]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ỹː]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tibetan </td> <td><big><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1106655535"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; vertical-align:middle; word-wrap:break-word;">ཨེ།</span></big></td> <td></td> <td><big><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1106655535"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; vertical-align:middle; word-wrap:break-word;">ཨེར།</span></big></td> <td><big><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1106655535"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; vertical-align:middle; word-wrap:break-word;">ཨེལ།<br />ཨེའི།</span></big></td> <td><big><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1106655535"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; vertical-align:middle; word-wrap:break-word;">ཨེད།<br />ཨེས།</span></big></td> <td><big><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1106655535"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; vertical-align:middle; word-wrap:break-word;">ཨེག།<br />ཨེགས།</span></big></td> <td><big><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1106655535"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; vertical-align:middle; word-wrap:break-word;">ཨེབ།<br />ཨེབས།</span></big></td> <td><big><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1106655535"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; vertical-align:middle; word-wrap:break-word;">ཨེང༌།<br />ཨེངས།</span></big></td> <td><big><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1106655535"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; vertical-align:middle; word-wrap:break-word;">ཨེམ།<br />ཨེམས།</span></big></td> <td><big><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1106655535"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; vertical-align:middle; word-wrap:break-word;">ཨེན།</span></big> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Wylie </td> <td><i>e</i> </td> <td> </td> <td><i>er</i> </td> <td><i>el e'i</i> </td> <td><i>ed es</i> </td> <td><i>eg egs</i> </td> <td><i>eb ebs</i> </td> <td><i>eng engs</i> </td> <td><i>em ems</i> </td> <td><i>en</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Pinyin </td> <td>ê</td> <td></td> <td>êr</td> <td colspan="2">ê</td> <td>êg</td> <td>êb</td> <td>êng</td> <td>êm</td> <td>ên </td></tr> <tr> <td>IPA </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[e]</span></td> <td></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[eː]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[eː]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[e]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɛ̈ʡ]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɛ̈ʡ̆]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɛŋ]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɛm]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ẽː]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tibetan </td> <td><big><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1106655535"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; vertical-align:middle; word-wrap:break-word;">ཨོ།</span></big></td> <td><big><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1106655535"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; vertical-align:middle; word-wrap:break-word;">ཨོའུ།</span></big></td> <td><big><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1106655535"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; vertical-align:middle; word-wrap:break-word;">ཨོར།</span></big></td> <td><big><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1106655535"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; vertical-align:middle; word-wrap:break-word;">ཨོལ།<br />ཨོའི།</span></big></td> <td><big><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1106655535"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; vertical-align:middle; word-wrap:break-word;">ཨོད།<br />ཨོས།</span></big></td> <td><big><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1106655535"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; vertical-align:middle; word-wrap:break-word;">ཨོག།<br />ཨོགས།</span></big></td> <td><big><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1106655535"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; vertical-align:middle; word-wrap:break-word;">ཨོབ།<br />ཨོབས།</span></big></td> <td><big><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1106655535"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; vertical-align:middle; word-wrap:break-word;">ཨོང༌།<br />ཨོངས།</span></big></td> <td><big><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1106655535"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; vertical-align:middle; word-wrap:break-word;">ཨོམ།<br />ཨོམས།</span></big></td> <td><big><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1106655535"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; vertical-align:middle; word-wrap:break-word;">ཨོན།</span></big> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Wylie </td> <td><i>o</i> </td> <td><i>o'u</i> </td> <td><i>or</i> </td> <td><i>ol o'i</i> </td> <td><i>od os</i> </td> <td><i>og ogs</i> </td> <td><i>ob obs</i> </td> <td><i>ong ongs</i> </td> <td><i>om oms</i> </td> <td><i>on</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Pinyin </td> <td>ô</td> <td>ou</td> <td>ôr</td> <td colspan="2">oi/ö</td> <td>ôg</td> <td>ôb</td> <td>ông</td> <td>ôm</td> <td>oin/ön </td></tr> <tr> <td>IPA </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[o]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ou̯]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[oː]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[øː]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ø]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɔʡ]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɔʡ̆]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɔŋ]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɔm]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ø̃ː]</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Intersyllable_influence">Intersyllable influence</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tibetan_pinyin&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Intersyllable influence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Onset_variation">Onset variation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tibetan_pinyin&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Onset variation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>Bare low aspirated variation</dt></dl> <ul><li><i>k*</i>, <i>q*</i>, <i>t*</i>, <i>p*</i>, <i>x*</i>, <i>s*</i>, <i>ky*</i>, <i>ch*</i> become <i>g*</i>, <i>j*</i>, <i>d*</i>, <i>b*</i>, <i>?*</i>, <i>?*</i>, <i>gy*</i>, <i>zh*</i> respectively</li> <li><i>pa*</i> (་བ) and <i>po*</i> (་བོ) become <i>wa</i> and <i>wo</i> respectively</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Coda_variation">Coda variation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tibetan_pinyin&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Coda variation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sometimes there is intersyllabic influence: </p> <table class="wikitable + sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_script" title="Tibetan script">Tibetan script</a></th> <th>Tibetan pinyin</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Wylie_transliteration" title="Wylie transliteration">Wylie</a> (EWTS)</th> <th>Lhasa <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a></th> <th>Explanation </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mapam_Yumtso" class="mw-redirect" title="Mapam Yumtso"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1106655535"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; vertical-align:middle; word-wrap:break-word;">མ་ཕམ་གཡུ་མཚོ།</span></a></td> <td>Mapam Yu<span style="color:red;">m</span>co</td> <td>ma-pham g.yu-mtsho</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="bo-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Tibetan" title="Help:IPA/Tibetan">[mapʰam<span class="wrap"> </span>jumtsʰo]</a></span></td> <td>forward shift of prefix མ </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tradruk_Temple" title="Tradruk Temple"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1106655535"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; vertical-align:middle; word-wrap:break-word;">ཁྲ་འབྲུག་དགོན་པ།</span></a></td> <td>Cha<span style="color:red;">ng</span>zhug Gönba</td> <td>khra-’brug dgon-pa</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="bo-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Tibetan" title="Help:IPA/Tibetan">[ʈ͡ʂʰaŋʈ͡ʂ˭uk<span class="wrap"> </span>k˭ø̃p˭a]</a></span></td> <td>shift of the prefix འ (ཨ་ཆུང <i>a chung</i>), <br /> creating a final nasal consonant </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Encoding">Encoding</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tibetan_pinyin&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Encoding"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/IETF" class="mw-redirect" title="IETF">IETF</a> <a href="/wiki/IETF_language_tag" title="IETF language tag">language tag</a> for Tibetan pinyin is <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">bo-Latn-pinyin</code>.<sup id="cite_ref-IANA_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IANA-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Examples">Examples</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tibetan_pinyin&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Examples"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Tibetan Script</th> <th>Wylie</th> <th>Tibetan pinyin</th> <th><a href="/wiki/THL_Simplified_Phonetic_Transcription" title="THL Simplified Phonetic Transcription">THL</a></th> <th>other transcriptions </th></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1106655535"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; vertical-align:middle; word-wrap:break-word;">གཞིས་ཀ་རྩེ</span></td> <td><i>Gzhis-ka-rtse</i></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Xigaz%C3%AA_Prefecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Xigazê Prefecture">Xigazê</a></td> <td>Zhikatse</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shigatse" title="Shigatse">Shigatse</a>, Shikatse </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1106655535"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; vertical-align:middle; word-wrap:break-word;">བཀྲ་ཤིས་ལྷུན་པོ་</span></td> <td><i>Bkra-shis-lhun-po</i></td> <td>Zhaxilhünbo</td> <td>Trashilhünpo</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tashilhunpo" class="mw-redirect" title="Tashilhunpo">Tashilhunpo</a>, Tashilhümpo, etc. </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1106655535"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; vertical-align:middle; word-wrap:break-word;">འབྲས་སྤུང་</span></td> <td><i>’Bras-spung</i></td> <td>Zhaibung</td> <td>Dräpung</td> <td>Drebung </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1106655535"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; vertical-align:middle; word-wrap:break-word;">ཆོས་ཀྱི་རྒྱལ་མཚན་</span></td> <td><i>Chos-kyi Rgyal-mtshan</i></td> <td>Qoigyi Gyaicain</td> <td>Chökyi Gyältshän</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lobsang_Trinley_Lh%C3%BCndrub_Ch%C3%B6kyi_Gyaltsen" class="mw-redirect" title="Lobsang Trinley Lhündrub Chökyi Gyaltsen">Choekyi Gyaltsen</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1106655535"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; vertical-align:middle; word-wrap:break-word;">ཐུབ་བསྟན་རྒྱ་མཚོ་</span></td> <td><i>Thub-bstan Rgya-mtsho</i></td> <td>Tubdain Gyaco</td> <td>Thuptän Gyatsho</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Thubten_Gyatso,_13th_Dalai_Lama" class="mw-redirect" title="Thubten Gyatso, 13th Dalai Lama">Thubten Gyatso</a>, Thubtan Gyatso, Thupten Gyatso </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tibetan_pinyin&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:China" title="Portal:China">China portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Asia_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/28px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/42px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/56px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Asia" title="Portal:Asia">Asia portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Globe_of_letters.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Globe_of_letters.svg/28px-Globe_of_letters.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Globe_of_letters.svg/42px-Globe_of_letters.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Globe_of_letters.svg/56px-Globe_of_letters.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Languages">Languages portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">Hanyu pinyin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Tibetan" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard Tibetan">Standard Tibetan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/THL_Simplified_Phonetic_Transcription" title="THL Simplified Phonetic Transcription">THL Simplified Phonetic Transcription</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_script" title="Tibetan script">Tibetan script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wylie_transliteration" title="Wylie transliteration">Wylie transliteration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Dzongkha" title="Roman Dzongkha">Roman Dzongkha</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tibetan_pinyin&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">as in Namjagbar<b>w</b>a</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tibetan_pinyin&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tibetan_pinyin&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-moe-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-moe_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-moe_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFShǎoshù_mínzúyǔ_dìmíng_Hànyǔ_pīnyīn_zìmǔ_yīnyì_zhuǎnxiěfǎ">Shǎoshù mínzúyǔ dìmíng Hànyǔ pīnyīn zìmǔ yīnyì zhuǎnxiěfǎ</a>, "少数民族语地名汉语拼音字母音译转写法...（三）藏语...说明：（1）藏语地名的音译转写，以中央人民广播电台藏语广播的语音为依靠。"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eki.ee/wgrs/rom1_bo.pdf">Romanization of Tibetan Geographical Names</a> – <a href="/wiki/UNGEGN" class="mw-redirect" title="UNGEGN">UNGEGN</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-m187-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-m187_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://patents.google.com/patent/CN103984420A/zh?oq=%E8%97%8F%E6%96%87%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3">"一种基于拼音的藏文智能输入法"</a>. <i>Google Patents</i>. 2014-04-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-05-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Google+Patents&rft.atitle=%E4%B8%80%E7%A7%8D%E5%9F%BA%E4%BA%8E%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%E7%9A%84%E8%97%8F%E6%96%87%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD%E8%BE%93%E5%85%A5%E6%B3%95&rft.date=2014-04-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpatents.google.com%2Fpatent%2FCN103984420A%2Fzh%3Foq%3D%25E8%2597%258F%25E6%2596%2587%25E6%258B%25BC%25E9%259F%25B3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATibetan+pinyin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eki.ee/knab/valik/cn54inf.htm">"Geographical names of Tibet AR (China)"</a>. Institute of the Estonian Language. 2018-06-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 July</span> 2020</span>. <q>Tibetan names have been romanized according to the official scheme, the so-called Tibetan pinyin. The romanization is based on actual pronunciation and is not always predictable if only written form is known.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Geographical+names+of+Tibet+AR+%28China%29&rft.pub=Institute+of+the+Estonian+Language&rft.date=2018-06-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eki.ee%2Fknab%2Fvalik%2Fcn54inf.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATibetan+pinyin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrush" class="citation web cs1">Brush, Beaumont. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sil.org/silewp/1997/001/silewp1997-001.pdf">"The Status of Coronal in the Historical Development of Lhasa Tibetan Rhymes"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. SIL<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Status+of+Coronal+in+the+Historical+Development+of+Lhasa+Tibetan+Rhymes&rft.pub=SIL&rft.aulast=Brush&rft.aufirst=Beaumont&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sil.org%2Fsilewp%2F1997%2F001%2Fsilewp1997-001.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATibetan+pinyin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IANA-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IANA_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iana.org/assignments/language-subtag-registry/language-subtag-registry">"Language subtag registry"</a>. IANA<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Language+subtag+registry&rft.pub=IANA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iana.org%2Fassignments%2Flanguage-subtag-registry%2Flanguage-subtag-registry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATibetan+pinyin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tibetan_pinyin&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShǎoshù_mínzúyǔ_dìmíng_Hànyǔ_pīnyīn_zìmǔ_yīnyì_zhuǎnxiěfǎ" class="citation cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.moe.gov.cn/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2015/01/12/20150112161436994.pdf"><i>Shǎoshù mínzúyǔ dìmíng Hànyǔ pīnyīn zìmǔ yīnyì zhuǎnxiěfǎ</i> <bdi lang="zh">少数民族语地名汉语拼音字母音译转写法</bdi></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Chinese) – via Zhonghua Renmin Gongheguo Jiaoyubu.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sh%C7%8Eosh%C3%B9+m%C3%ADnz%C3%BAy%C7%94+d%C3%ACm%C3%ADng+H%C3%A0ny%C7%94+p%C4%ABny%C4%ABn+z%C3%ACm%C7%94+y%C4%ABny%C3%AC+zhu%C7%8Enxi%C4%9Bf%C7%8E+%E5%B0%91%E6%95%B0%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E8%AF%AD%E5%9C%B0%E5%90%8D%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D%E9%9F%B3%E8%AF%91%E8%BD%AC%E5%86%99%E6%B3%95&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.moe.gov.cn%2Fewebeditor%2Fuploadfile%2F2015%2F01%2F12%2F20150112161436994.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATibetan+pinyin" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Guójiā cèhuìjú dìmíng yánjiūsuǒ 国家测绘局地名研究所 (<i>Institute for Place Names of the State Survey Bureau</i>; ed.). <b>Zhōngguó dìmínglù</b> 中国地名录 /<b> Gazetteer of China</b>. (Beijing, <a href="/wiki/SinoMaps_Press" title="SinoMaps Press">SinoMaps Press</a> 中国地图出版社 1997); <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/7-5031-1718-4" title="Special:BookSources/7-5031-1718-4">7-5031-1718-4</a>. Contains official spellings for place names.</li> <li><b>Zàngwén Pīnyīn Jiàocái – Lāsàyīn</b> 藏文拼音教材•拉萨音 / bod yig gi sgra sbyor slob deb, lha sa'i skad (<i>Course in the <a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%B6yig_Kigajor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pöyig Kigajor (page does not exist)">Pöyig Kigajor</a> of Lhasa dialect</i>; Běijīng 北京, Mínzú chūbǎnshè 民族出版社 1983), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/7-105-02577-8" title="Special:BookSources/7-105-02577-8">7-105-02577-8</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%B6yig_Kigajor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pöyig Kigajor (page does not exist)">Pöyig Kigajor</a> (ZWPY) is a modified version of the official transcription "Tibetan pinyin" (ZYPY), with tone letters.</li> <li>Wylie, Turrell: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080820134951/http://chris.fynn.googlepages.com/wylietranslitteration">A Standard System of Tibetan Transcription</a> In: <i>Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies</i> 1959, p. 261-267.</li> <li>David Germano, Nicolas Tournadre: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thlib.org/reference/transliteration/#essay=/thl/phonetics/s/b1">THL Simplified Phonetic Transcription of Standard Tibetan</a> (Tibetan & Himalayan Library, December 12, 2003).</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thlib.org/reference/transliteration/#wiki=/access/wiki/site/26a34146-33a6-48ce-001e-f16ce7908a6a/tibetan%20transliteration%20and%20transcription.html">The Transliteration and Transcription of Tibetan</a> (Tibetan & Himalayan Library)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eki.ee/wgrs/rom1_bo.pdf">Romanization of Tibetan Geographical Names</a> – <a href="/wiki/UNGEGN" class="mw-redirect" title="UNGEGN">UNGEGN</a></li></ul> </div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · 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navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tibetic_languages" title="Tibetic languages">Tibetic languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Tibetan" title="Old Tibetan">Old Tibetan</a></li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Classical_Tibetan" title="Classical Tibetan">Classical Tibetan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Tibetan" title="Central Tibetan">U-tsang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khams_Tibetan" title="Khams Tibetan">Khams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amdo_Tibetan" title="Amdo Tibetan">Amdo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Scripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_script" title="Tibetan script">Tibetan alphabet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Um%C3%AA_script" title="Umê script">Umê</a> (Drutsa, Bêtsug)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uchen_script" title="Uchen script">Uchen</a></li></ul></li> <li>Regional (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Southern_Tibet_calligraphy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Southern Tibet calligraphy (page does not exist)">Joyig, Monyig and Lhoyig</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_numerals" title="Tibetan numerals">Numerals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Braille" title="Tibetan Braille">Braille</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Transcription: <a href="/wiki/Wylie_transliteration" title="Wylie transliteration">Wylie</a>, <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tibetan pinyin</a>, <a href="/wiki/THL_Simplified_Phonetic_Transcription" title="THL Simplified Phonetic Transcription">THL Transcription</a></li> <li>Grammar (<a href="/wiki/Modern_Standard_Tibetan_grammar" class="mw-redirect" title="Modern Standard Tibetan 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