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class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=W" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" 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class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Name" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Name"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Name</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Name-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Use_in_writing_systems" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Use_in_writing_systems"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Use in writing systems</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Use_in_writing_systems-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Use in writing systems subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Use_in_writing_systems-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-English" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#English"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>English</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-English-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Other languages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_systems" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_systems"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Other systems</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_systems-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_uses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_uses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Other uses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_uses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Related_characters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Related_characters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Related characters</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Related_characters-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Related characters subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Related_characters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ancestors,_descendants_and_siblings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ancestors,_descendants_and_siblings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Ancestors, descendants and siblings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ancestors,_descendants_and_siblings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ligatures_and_abbreviations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ligatures_and_abbreviations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Ligatures and abbreviations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ligatures_and_abbreviations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_representations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_representations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Other representations</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Other_representations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Other representations subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Other_representations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Computing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Computing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Computing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Computing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Other</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">W</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 142 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-142" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">142 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/W" title="W – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="W" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/W" title="W – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="W" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/W" title="W – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="W" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/W" title="W – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="W" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/W" title="W – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="W" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/W" title="W – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="W" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/W" title="W – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="W" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/W" title="W – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="W" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/W" title="W – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="W" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/W" title="W – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="W" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/W" title="W – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="W" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/W" title="W – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="W" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/W" title="W – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="W" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/W" title="W – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="W" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/W" title="W – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="W" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/W" title="W – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="W" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/W" title="W – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="W" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/W_(%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0)" title="W (літара) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="W (літара)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/W" title="W – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="W" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/W" title="W – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="W" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/W" title="W – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="W" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/W" title="W – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="W" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/W_(lizherenn)" title="W (lizherenn) – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="W (lizherenn)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/W" title="W – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="W" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/W" title="W – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="W" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/W" title="W – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="W" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/W" title="W – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="W" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/W" title="W – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="W" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/W" title="W – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="W" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/W" title="W – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="W" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/W" title="W – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="W" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/W" title="W – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="W" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/W" title="W – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="W" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/W" title="W – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="W" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/W" title="W – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="W" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/W" title="W – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="W" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/W" title="W – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="W" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/W" title="W – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="W" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/W" title="W – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="W" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/W" title="W – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="W" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/W" title="W – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="W" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/W_(lettre)" title="W (lettre) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="W (lettre)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/W" title="W – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="W" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/W" title="W – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="W" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/W" title="W – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="W" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/W" title="W – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="W" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/W" title="W – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="W" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/W" title="W – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="W" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/W" title="W – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="W" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/W" title="W – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="W" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/W_%D2%AF%D0%B7%D0%B3" title="W үзг – Kalmyk" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="W үзг" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="Kalmyk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/W" title="W – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="W" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/W" title="W – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="W" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ua_%CA%BB%C5%8Dlelo_%CA%BBo_W" title="Ua ʻōlelo ʻo W – Hawaiian" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Ua ʻōlelo ʻo W" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaiian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/W_(%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6)" title="W (լատինական) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="W (լատինական)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/W" title="W – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="W" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/W" title="W – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="W" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gor mw-list-item"><a href="https://gor.wikipedia.org/wiki/W" title="W – Gorontalo" lang="gor" hreflang="gor" data-title="W" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Hulontalo" data-language-local-name="Gorontalo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Hulontalo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/W" title="W – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="W" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/W" title="W – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="W" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/W" title="W – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="W" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/W" title="W – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="W" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/W" title="W – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="W" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/W" title="W – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="W" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/W" title="W – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="W" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/W" title="W – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="W" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/W" title="W – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="W" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/W" title="W – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="W" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/W" title="W – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="W" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/W" title="W – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="W" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/W" title="W – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="W" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/W_(t%C3%AEp)" title="W (tîp) – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="W (tîp)" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/W" title="W – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="W" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/W" title="W – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="W" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/W" title="W – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="W" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/W" title="W – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="W" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/W" title="W – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="W" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/W" title="W – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="W" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/W" title="W – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="W" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/W" title="W – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="W" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%81_(%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82)" title="ഡബ്‌ള്യു (ഇംഗ്ലീഷക്ഷരം) – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഡബ്‌ള്യു (ഇംഗ്ലീഷക്ഷരം)" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/W" title="W – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="W" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/W" title="W – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="W" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/W" title="W – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="W" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/W" title="W – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="W" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/W" title="W – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="W" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%92%E1%80%97%E1%80%B9%E1%80%97%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BB%E1%80%B0_(%E1%80%A1%E1%80%80%E1%80%B9%E1%80%81%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AC)" title="ဒဗ္ဗလျူ (အက္ခရာ) – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဒဗ္ဗလျူ (အက္ခရာ)" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/W" title="W – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="W" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/W" title="W – Fijian" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="W" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fijian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/W_(letter)" title="W (letter) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="W (letter)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/W" title="W – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="W" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/W_(buksteew)" title="W (buksteew) – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="W (buksteew)" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/W" title="W – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="W" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/W" title="W – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="W" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/W" title="W – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="W" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/W" title="W – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="W" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/W_(%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B5)" title="W (латин тиште) – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="W (латин тиште)" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/W_(lotin)" title="W (lotin) – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="W (lotin)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%AF%E0%A9%82_(%E0%A8%85%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%85%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%B0)" title="ਡਬਲਯੂ (ਅੰਗਰੇਜ਼ੀ ਅੱਖਰ) – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਡਬਲਯੂ (ਅੰਗਰੇਜ਼ੀ ਅੱਖਰ)" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/W" title="W – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="W" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/W" title="W – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="W" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/W" title="W – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="W" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/W" title="W – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="W" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/W" title="W – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="W" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/W" title="W – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="W" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/W" title="W – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="W" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/W" title="W – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="W" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tn mw-list-item"><a href="https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/W" title="W – Tswana" lang="tn" hreflang="tn" data-title="W" data-language-autonym="Setswana" data-language-local-name="Tswana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Setswana</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/W" title="W – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="W" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/W" title="W – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="W" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/W" title="W – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="W" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/W" title="W – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="W" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/W" title="W – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="W" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/W" title="W – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="W" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/W" title="W – Sranan Tongo" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="W" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="Sranan Tongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sranantongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/W_(%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B5)" title="W (слово латинице) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="W (слово латинице)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/W" title="W – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="W" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/W" title="W – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="W" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/W" title="W – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="W" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/W" title="W – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="W" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/W_(Askkil)" title="W (Askkil) – Tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="W (Askkil)" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/W" title="W – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="W" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/W" title="W – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="W" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/W" title="W – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="W" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/W" title="W – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="W" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/W" title="W – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="W" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/W" title="W – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="W" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/W" title="W – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="W" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/W" title="W – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="W" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/W" title="W – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="W" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lete_W" title="Lete W – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Lete W" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/W" title="W – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="W" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/W" title="W – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="W" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/W" title="W – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="W" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/W" title="W – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="W" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/W" title="W – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="W" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/W" title="W – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="W" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/W" title="W – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="W" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/W" title="W – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="W" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/W" title="W – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="W" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/W" title="W – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="W" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tdd mw-list-item"><a href="https://tdd.wikipedia.org/wiki/W" title="W – Tai Nuea" lang="tdd" hreflang="tdd" data-title="W" data-language-autonym="ᥖᥭᥰ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ" data-language-local-name="Tai Nuea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᥖᥭᥰ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q9964#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">23rd letter of the Latin alphabet</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/We_(Cyrillic)" title="We (Cyrillic)">We (Cyrillic)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the letter of the Latin alphabet. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/W_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="W (disambiguation)">W (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Double U" redirects here. For the DJ, see <a href="/wiki/Double_U_(DJ)" title="Double U (DJ)">Double U (DJ)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background:lightblue; color:black;;">W</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><span style="font-size: 4em; line-height: 1.2em; vertical-align: super; font-weight: normal">W w</span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Latin_letter_W.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Latin_letter_W.svg/220px-Latin_letter_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Latin_letter_W.svg/330px-Latin_letter_W.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Latin_letter_W.svg/440px-Latin_letter_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:lightblue; color:black; font-variant/style: ;">Usage</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Writing system</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script">Latin script</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Alphabet" title="Alphabet">Alphabetic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Logographic" class="mw-redirect" title="Logographic">logographic</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Sound values</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1190286162">.mw-parser-output .template-grid-list-2em ul,.mw-parser-output .template-grid-list-3em ul{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .template-grid-list-2em li,.mw-parser-output .template-grid-list-3em li{display:inline-block;text-align:center;padding:0 0.25em}.mw-parser-output .template-grid-list-2em li{min-width:1.5em}.mw-parser-output .template-grid-list-3em li{min-width:2.5em}.mw-parser-output .template-grid-list-abcd ul{border:1px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .template-grid-list-abcd li{display:inline-block;text-align:center;min-width:1.57em;padding:0}</style> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist template-grid-list-3em"><ul><li>[<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93velar_approximant" title="Voiced labial–velar approximant">w</a></span>]</li><li>[<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labiodental_fricative" title="Voiced labiodental fricative">v</a></span>]</li><li>[<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_fricative" title="Voiced bilabial fricative">β</a></span>]</li><li>[<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close back rounded vowel">u</a></span>]</li><li>[<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close back rounded vowel">uː</a></span>]</li><li>[<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Near-close_near-back_rounded_vowel" title="Near-close near-back rounded vowel">ʊ</a></span>]</li><li>[<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Open-mid back rounded vowel">ɔ</a></span>]</li><li>[<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labiodental_approximant" title="Voiced labiodental approximant">ʋ</a></span>]</li><li>[<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Labialization" title="Labialization">ʕʷ</a></span>]</li><li>[<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_trill" title="Voiced bilabial trill">ʙ</a></span>]</li><li>[<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Labialization" title="Labialization">◌ʷ</a></span>]</li><li>[<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_fricative" title="Voiced velar fricative">ɣ</a></span>]</li><li>[<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_labiodental_fricative" title="Voiceless labiodental fricative">f</a></span>]</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">In <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><code>U+0057, U+0077</code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alphabetical position</th><td class="infobox-data">23</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:lightblue; color:black; font-variant/style: ;">History</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Development</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="font-size: 1.25em; font-weight: normal"><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_G43.png?6eb40" height="38" title="G43" alt="G43" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_T3.png?1f391" height="38" title="T3" alt="T3" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Proto-semiticW-01.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Waw"><img alt="Waw" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Proto-semiticW-01.svg/20px-Proto-semiticW-01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Proto-semiticW-01.svg/30px-Proto-semiticW-01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Proto-semiticW-01.svg/40px-Proto-semiticW-01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PhoenicianW-01.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/PhoenicianW-01.svg/20px-PhoenicianW-01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/PhoenicianW-01.svg/30px-PhoenicianW-01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/PhoenicianW-01.svg/40px-PhoenicianW-01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></a></span><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Phoenician_waw.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Waw"><img alt="Waw" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Phoenician_waw.svg/20px-Phoenician_waw.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Phoenician_waw.svg/30px-Phoenician_waw.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Phoenician_waw.svg/40px-Phoenician_waw.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="85" data-file-height="85" /></a></span><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Early_Aramaic_character_-_vav.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Waw"><img alt="Waw" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Early_Aramaic_character_-_vav.svg/20px-Early_Aramaic_character_-_vav.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Early_Aramaic_character_-_vav.svg/30px-Early_Aramaic_character_-_vav.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Early_Aramaic_character_-_vav.svg/40px-Early_Aramaic_character_-_vav.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="69" data-file-height="53" /></a></span><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Upsilon" title="Upsilon">Υ υ</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/%F0%90%8C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="𐌖">𐌖</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Y" title="Y">Y</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/V" title="V">V</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><b>W w</b></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Time period</th><td class="infobox-data">~600 to present</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Descendants</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1190286162"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist template-grid-list-3em"><ul><li> • <a href="/wiki/%CA%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="ʍ">ʍ</a></li><li> • <a href="/wiki/%C6%9C" title="Ɯ">ɯ</a> <a href="/wiki/%C9%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="ɰ">ɰ</a></li><li> • <a href="/wiki/%E2%82%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="₩">₩</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Sisters</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1190286162"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist template-grid-list-3em"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/F" title="F">F</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/U" title="U">U</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D1%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="Ѵ">Ѵ</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="У">У</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="Ў">Ў</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D2%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="Ұ">Ұ</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D2%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="Ү">Ү</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Waw_(letter)" title="Waw (letter)">ו</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Waw_(letter)" title="Waw (letter)">و</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Waw_(letter)" title="Waw (letter)">ܘ</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D7%95%D6%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="וּ">וּ</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D7%95%D6%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="וֹ">וֹ</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A0%85" class="mw-redirect" title="ࠅ">ࠅ</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%F0%90%8E%86" class="mw-redirect" title="𐎆">𐎆</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%F0%90%A1%85" class="mw-redirect" title="𐡅">𐡅</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E1%8B%88" class="mw-redirect" title="ወ">ወ</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%AA%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="વ">વ</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%AB%82" class="mw-redirect" title="ૂ">ૂ</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%AB%81" class="mw-redirect" title="ુ">ુ</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%89" class="mw-redirect" title="उ">उ</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:lightblue; color:black; font-variant/style: ;">Other</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Associated graphs</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Latin-script_digraphs#W" title="List of Latin-script digraphs">w(x)</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Writing direction</th><td class="infobox-data">Left-to-right</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below noprint selfref" style="background:#ddf; padding:0.3em 0.5em;text-align:left;line-height:1.3;">This article contains <b><a href="/wiki/Phonetic_transcription" title="Phonetic transcription">phonetic transcriptions</a> in the <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">International Phonetic Alphabet</a> (IPA)</b>. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">Help:IPA</a>. For the distinction between <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ ]</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ /</span> and ⟨<span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"> </span>⟩, see <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet#Brackets_and_transcription_delimiters" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output 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.mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="width:14em"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-top-image" style="padding-top: 1em; padding-bottom: 1em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Latin_alphabet_Ww.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="W"><img alt="W" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Latin_alphabet_Ww.svg/168px-Latin_alphabet_Ww.svg.png" decoding="async" width="168" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Latin_alphabet_Ww.svg/252px-Latin_alphabet_Ww.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Latin_alphabet_Ww.svg/336px-Latin_alphabet_Ww.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="168" data-file-height="35" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/ISO_basic_Latin_alphabet" title="ISO basic Latin alphabet">ISO basic<br />Latin alphabet</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="letter-spacing: 0.1em"> <span style="width: 3em; text-align: center; display: inline-block"><a href="/wiki/A" title="A">Aa</a></span><span style="width: 3em; text-align: center; display: inline-block"><a href="/wiki/B" title="B">Bb</a></span><span style="width: 3em; text-align: center; display: inline-block"><a href="/wiki/C" title="C">Cc</a></span><span style="width: 3em; text-align: center; display: inline-block"><a href="/wiki/D" title="D">Dd</a></span><span style="width: 3em; text-align: center; display: inline-block"><a href="/wiki/E" title="E">Ee</a></span><span style="width: 3em; text-align: center; display: inline-block"><a href="/wiki/F" title="F">Ff</a></span><span style="width: 3em; text-align: center; display: inline-block"><a href="/wiki/G" title="G">Gg</a></span><span style="width: 3em; text-align: center; display: inline-block"><a href="/wiki/H" title="H">Hh</a></span><span style="width: 3em; text-align: center; display: inline-block"><a href="/wiki/I" title="I">Ii</a></span><span style="width: 3em; text-align: center; display: inline-block"><a href="/wiki/J" title="J">Jj</a></span><span style="width: 3em; text-align: center; display: inline-block"><a href="/wiki/K" title="K">Kk</a></span><span style="width: 3em; text-align: center; display: inline-block"><a href="/wiki/L" title="L">Ll</a></span><span style="width: 3em; text-align: center; display: inline-block"><a href="/wiki/M" title="M">Mm</a></span><span style="width: 3em; text-align: center; display: inline-block"><a href="/wiki/N" title="N">Nn</a></span><span style="width: 3em; text-align: center; display: inline-block"><a href="/wiki/O" title="O">Oo</a></span><span style="width: 3em; text-align: center; display: inline-block"><a href="/wiki/P" title="P">Pp</a></span><span style="width: 3em; text-align: center; display: inline-block"><a href="/wiki/Q" title="Q">Qq</a></span><span style="width: 3em; text-align: center; display: inline-block"><a href="/wiki/R" title="R">Rr</a></span><span style="width: 3em; text-align: center; display: inline-block"><a href="/wiki/S" title="S">Ss</a></span><span style="width: 3em; text-align: center; display: inline-block"><a href="/wiki/T" title="T">Tt</a></span><span style="width: 3em; text-align: center; display: inline-block"><a href="/wiki/U" title="U">Uu</a></span><span style="width: 3em; text-align: center; display: inline-block"><a href="/wiki/V" title="V">Vv</a></span><span style="width: 3em; text-align: center; display: inline-block"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ww</a></span><span style="width: 3em; text-align: center; display: inline-block"><a href="/wiki/X" title="X">Xx</a></span><span style="width: 3em; text-align: center; display: inline-block"><a href="/wiki/Y" title="Y">Yy</a></span><span style="width: 3em; text-align: center; display: inline-block"><a href="/wiki/Z" title="Z">Zz</a></span></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Latin_alphabet_sidebar" title="Template:Latin alphabet sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Latin_alphabet_sidebar" title="Template talk:Latin alphabet sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Latin_alphabet_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Latin alphabet sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>W</b>, or <b>w</b>, is the twenty-third <a href="/wiki/Letter_(alphabet)" title="Letter (alphabet)">letter</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Latin_alphabet" title="Latin alphabet">Latin alphabet</a>, used in the <a href="/wiki/English_alphabet" title="English alphabet">modern English alphabet</a>, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide. Its name in English is <a href="/wiki/English_alphabet#Letter_names" title="English alphabet"><i>double-u</i></a>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>in 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> plural <i>double-ues</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Name">Name</h2></div> <p>Double-u, whose name reflects stages in the letter's evolution when it was considered two of the same letter, a double U, is the only modern English letter whose name has more than one syllable.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>in 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is also the only English letter whose name is not pronounced with any of the sounds that the letter typically makes in words, with the exception of <a href="/wiki/H" title="H">H</a> for some speakers. </p><p>Some speakers shorten the name "double u" into "dub-u" or just "dub"; for example, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Wisconsin" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Wisconsin">University of Wisconsin</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Washington" title="University of Washington">University of Washington</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Wyoming" title="University of Wyoming">University of Wyoming</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Waterloo" title="University of Waterloo">University of Waterloo</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Western_Cape" title="University of the Western Cape">University of the Western Cape</a> and <a href="/wiki/University_of_Western_Australia" title="University of Western Australia">University of Western Australia</a> are all known colloquially as "U Dub", and the automobile company <a href="/wiki/Volkswagen" title="Volkswagen">Volkswagen</a>, abbreviated "VW", is sometimes pronounced "V-Dub".<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The fact that many website URLs require a "<a href="/wiki/Www." class="mw-redirect" title="Www.">www.</a>" prefix has been influential in promoting these shortened pronunciations.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In other <a href="/wiki/West_Germanic_languages" title="West Germanic languages">West Germanic languages</a>, its name is monosyllabic: German <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">We</i></span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/veː/</span>, Dutch <span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl">wee</i></span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ʋeː/</span>. In many languages, its name literally means "double v": Portuguese <i>duplo vê</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>in 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Spanish <i>doble ve</i> (though it can be spelled <i>uve doble</i>),<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>in 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> French <i>double vé</i>, <a href="/wiki/Icelandic_language" title="Icelandic language">Icelandic</a> <i>tvöfalt vaff</i>, <a href="/wiki/Czech_language" title="Czech language">Czech</a> <i>dvojité vé</i>, <a href="/wiki/Estonian_language" title="Estonian language">Estonian</a> <i>kaksisvee</i>, <a href="/wiki/Finnish_language" title="Finnish language">Finnish</a> <i>kaksois-vee</i>, etc. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Proto-Sinaitic </th> <th>Phoenician<br /><a href="/wiki/Waw_(letter)" title="Waw (letter)">Waw</a> </th> <th>Western Greek<br /><a href="/wiki/Upsilon" title="Upsilon">Upsilon</a> </th> <th>Latin<br />V </th> <th>Latin<br />W </th></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Proto-semiticW-01.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Proto-semiticW-01.png/40px-Proto-semiticW-01.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Proto-semiticW-01.png/60px-Proto-semiticW-01.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c8/Proto-semiticW-01.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:PhoenicianW-01.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/PhoenicianW-01.svg/40px-PhoenicianW-01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/PhoenicianW-01.svg/60px-PhoenicianW-01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/PhoenicianW-01.svg/80px-PhoenicianW-01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Upsilon_normal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Greek_Upsilon_normal.svg/40px-Greek_Upsilon_normal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="49" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Greek_Upsilon_normal.svg/60px-Greek_Upsilon_normal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Greek_Upsilon_normal.svg/80px-Greek_Upsilon_normal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="53" /></a></span> </td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Capitalis_monumentalis_V.SVG" class="mw-file-description" title="Latin V"><img alt="Latin V" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Capitalis_monumentalis_V.SVG/31px-Capitalis_monumentalis_V.SVG.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Capitalis_monumentalis_V.SVG/47px-Capitalis_monumentalis_V.SVG.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Capitalis_monumentalis_V.SVG/62px-Capitalis_monumentalis_V.SVG.png 2x" data-file-width="57" data-file-height="55" /></a></span> </td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Capitalis_monumentalis_W.SVG" class="mw-file-description" title="Latin W"><img alt="Latin W" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Capitalis_monumentalis_W.SVG/44px-Capitalis_monumentalis_W.SVG.png" decoding="async" width="44" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Capitalis_monumentalis_W.SVG/67px-Capitalis_monumentalis_W.SVG.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Capitalis_monumentalis_W.SVG/89px-Capitalis_monumentalis_W.SVG.png 2x" data-file-width="81" data-file-height="55" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:William_Caslon_IV_Five_Lines_Pica_No._2_Italic_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/William_Caslon_IV_Five_Lines_Pica_No._2_Italic_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-William_Caslon_IV_Five_Lines_Pica_No._2_Italic_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/William_Caslon_IV_Five_Lines_Pica_No._2_Italic_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-William_Caslon_IV_Five_Lines_Pica_No._2_Italic_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/William_Caslon_IV_Five_Lines_Pica_No._2_Italic_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-William_Caslon_IV_Five_Lines_Pica_No._2_Italic_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="673" data-file-height="370" /></a><figcaption>This cursive 'w' was popular in calligraphy of the eighteenth century;<sup id="cite_ref-Flawed_Typefaces_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Flawed_Typefaces-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Berry_Roundhand_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Berry_Roundhand-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a late appearance in a font of <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1816</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-Caslon_IV_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Caslon_IV-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Latin_alphabet#Classical_Latin_alphabet" title="Latin alphabet">classical Latin alphabet</a>, from which the modern European alphabets derived, did not have the "W" character. The "W" sounds were represented by the Latin letter "<a href="/wiki/V" title="V">V</a>" (at the time, not yet distinct from "<a href="/wiki/U" title="U">U</a>"). </p><p>The sounds <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93velar_approximant" title="Voiced labial–velar approximant">w</a>/</span> (spelled <span class="nowrap">⟨V⟩</span>) and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_plosive" title="Voiced bilabial plosive">b</a>/</span> (spelled <span class="nowrap">⟨B⟩</span>) of <a href="/wiki/Classical_Latin" title="Classical Latin">Classical Latin</a> developed into the <a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_fricative" title="Voiced bilabial fricative">voiced bilabial fricative</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/β/</span> between <a href="/wiki/Vowel" title="Vowel">vowels</a> in <a href="/wiki/Vulgar_Latin" title="Vulgar Latin">Early Medieval Latin</a>. Therefore, <span class="nowrap">⟨V⟩</span> no longer adequately represented the <a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial-velar_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced labial-velar approximant">voiced labial-velar approximant</a> <a href="/wiki/Sound" title="Sound">sound</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/w/</span> of <a href="/wiki/Common_Germanic" class="mw-redirect" title="Common Germanic">Germanic phonology</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Vyborg.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Coat_of_arms_of_Vyborg.svg/170px-Coat_of_arms_of_Vyborg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Coat_of_arms_of_Vyborg.svg/255px-Coat_of_arms_of_Vyborg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Coat_of_arms_of_Vyborg.svg/340px-Coat_of_arms_of_Vyborg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="299" data-file-height="295" /></a><figcaption>A letter W appearing in the coat of arms of <a href="/wiki/Vyborg" title="Vyborg">Vyborg</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">Germanic</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/w/</span> phoneme was, therefore, written as <span class="nowrap">⟨VV⟩</span> or <span class="nowrap">⟨uu⟩</span> (<span class="nowrap">⟨<a href="/wiki/U" title="U">u</a>⟩</span> and <span class="nowrap">⟨<a href="/wiki/V" title="V">v</a>⟩</span> becoming distinct only by the <a href="/wiki/Early_Modern_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Modern period">Early Modern period</a>) by the earliest writers of <a href="/wiki/Old_English" title="Old English">Old English</a> and <a href="/wiki/Old_High_German" title="Old High German">Old High German</a>, in the 7th or 8th centuries.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Gothic_alphabet" title="Gothic alphabet">Gothic</a> (not <a href="/wiki/Latin_alphabet" title="Latin alphabet">Latin-based</a>), by contrast, had simply used a letter based on the Greek <a href="/wiki/Upsilon" title="Upsilon">Υ</a> for the same sound in the 4th century. The digraph <span class="nowrap">⟨VV⟩</span>/<span class="nowrap">⟨uu⟩</span> was also used in <a href="/wiki/Medieval_Latin" title="Medieval Latin">Medieval Latin</a> to represent Germanic names, including Gothic ones like <a href="/wiki/Wamba,_Visigothic_king" class="mw-redirect" title="Wamba, Visigothic king">Wamba</a>. </p><p>It is from this <span class="nowrap">⟨uu⟩</span> <a href="/wiki/Digraph_(orthography)" title="Digraph (orthography)">digraph</a> that the modern name "double U" derives. The digraph was commonly used in the spelling of Old High German but only in the earliest texts in Old English, where the <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/w/</span> sound soon came to be represented by borrowing the <a href="/wiki/Rune" title="Rune">rune</a> <span class="nowrap">⟨ᚹ⟩</span>, adapted as the Latin letter <a href="/wiki/Wynn" title="Wynn">wynn</a>: <span class="nowrap">⟨ƿ⟩</span>. In early <a href="/wiki/Middle_English" title="Middle English">Middle English</a>, following the 11th-century <a href="/wiki/Norman_Conquest_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Norman Conquest of England">Norman Conquest</a>, <span class="nowrap">⟨uu⟩</span> regained popularity; by 1300, it had taken wynn's place in common use. </p><p>Scribal realisation of the digraph could look like a pair of Vs whose branches crossed in the middle: both forms (separate and crossed) appear, for instance, in the "running text" (in Latin) of the <a href="/wiki/Bayeux_tapestry" class="mw-redirect" title="Bayeux tapestry">Bayeux tapestry</a> in proper names such as EDVVARDVS and VVILLELMVS (or the same with crossed Vs). Another realisation (common in <a href="/wiki/Roundhand" class="mw-redirect" title="Roundhand">roundhand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kurrent" title="Kurrent">kurrent</a> and <a href="/wiki/Blackletter" title="Blackletter">blackletter</a>) takes the form of an <span class="nowrap">⟨n⟩</span> whose rightmost branch curved around, as in a cursive <span class="nowrap">⟨v⟩</span> (viz. <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mathfrak {w}}.}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="fraktur">w</mi> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>.</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\mathfrak {w}}.}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/37c9f2442d5a322ccc7892f3cadc91e146dc2f7d" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.446ex; height:1.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\mathfrak {w}}.}"></span>)<sup id="cite_ref-Flawed_Typefaces_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Flawed_Typefaces-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Berry_Roundhand_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Berry_Roundhand-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was used up to the nineteenth century in Britain and continues to be familiar in Germany.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>in 5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Thus, the shift from the digraph <span class="nowrap">⟨VV⟩</span> to the distinct ligature <span class="nowrap">⟨W⟩</span> was gradual and was only apparent in <a href="/wiki/Abecedarium" title="Abecedarium">abecedaria</a>, explicit listings of all individual letters. It was probably considered a separate letter by the 14th century in both <a href="/wiki/Middle_English" title="Middle English">Middle English</a> and <a href="/wiki/Middle_Low_German" title="Middle Low German">Middle German</a> orthography. However, it remained an outsider, not really considered part of the Latin alphabet proper, as expressed by <a href="/wiki/Valentin_Ickelshamer" title="Valentin Ickelshamer">Valentin Ickelshamer</a> in the 16th century, who complained that: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Poor <i>w</i> is so infamous and unknown that many barely know either its name or its shape, not those who aspire to being Latinists, as they have no need of it, nor do the Germans, not even the schoolmasters, know what to do with it or how to call it; some call it <i>we</i>, [... others] call it <i>uu</i>, [...] the <a href="/wiki/Swabians" title="Swabians">Swabians</a> call it <i>auwawau</i><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Middle_High_German" title="Middle High German">Middle High German</a> (and possibly already in late Old High German), the West Germanic phoneme <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/w/</span> became realized as <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_labiodental_fricative" title="Voiced labiodental fricative">v</a>]</span>; this is why, today, the German <span class="nowrap">⟨w⟩</span> represents that sound. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Use_in_writing_systems">Use in writing systems</h2></div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible"> <caption>Pronunciation of <span class="nowrap">⟨w⟩</span> by language </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Orthography </th> <th>Phonemes </th></tr> <tr> <th><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Chinese</a></span> (<a href="/wiki/Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Pinyin">Pinyin</a>) </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93velar_approximant" title="Voiced labial–velar approximant">w</a>/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Cornish_orthography" class="mw-redirect" title="Cornish orthography">Cornish</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Near-close_near-back_rounded_vowel" title="Near-close near-back rounded vowel">ʊ</a>/</span> (archaic), <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93velar_approximant" title="Voiced labial–velar approximant">w</a>/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Dutch_orthography" title="Dutch orthography">Dutch</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_labiodental_approximant" title="Voiced labiodental approximant">ʋ</a>/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/English_orthography" title="English orthography">English</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93velar_approximant" title="Voiced labial–velar approximant">w</a>/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/German_orthography" title="German orthography">German</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_labiodental_fricative" title="Voiced labiodental fricative">v</a>/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Irish_Gaelic" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish Gaelic">Irish</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93velar_approximant" title="Voiced labial–velar approximant">w</a>/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_orthography" title="Indonesian orthography">Indonesian</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93velar_approximant" title="Voiced labial–velar approximant">w</a>/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hepburn_romanization" title="Hepburn romanization">Hepburn</a>) </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93velar_approximant" title="Voiced labial–velar approximant">w</a>/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Kashubian_alphabet" title="Kashubian alphabet">Kashubian</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_labiodental_fricative" title="Voiced labiodental fricative">v</a>/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Kokborok" title="Kokborok">Kokborok</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Open-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Open-mid back rounded vowel">ɔ</a>/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_orthography" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurdish orthography">Kurdish</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93velar_approximant" title="Voiced labial–velar approximant">w</a>/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Low_German" title="Low German">Low German</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_labiodental_approximant" title="Voiced labiodental approximant">ʋ</a>/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Lower_Sorbian_language" title="Lower Sorbian language">Lower Sorbian</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_labiodental_fricative" title="Voiced labiodental fricative">v</a>/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/North_Frisian_language" title="North Frisian language">North Frisian</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_labiodental_fricative" title="Voiced labiodental fricative">v</a>/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Old_Prussian_language" title="Old Prussian language">Old Prussian</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93velar_approximant" title="Voiced labial–velar approximant">w</a>/</span> (archaic) </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Polish_orthography" title="Polish orthography">Polish</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_labiodental_fricative" title="Voiced labiodental fricative">v</a>/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Saterland_Frisian_language" title="Saterland Frisian language">Saterlandic</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_labiodental_fricative" title="Voiced labiodental fricative">v</a>/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Turkmen_orthography" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkmen orthography">Turkmen</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_fricative" title="Voiced bilabial fricative">β</a>/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Upper_Sorbian_language" title="Upper Sorbian language">Upper Sorbian</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_fricative" title="Voiced bilabial fricative">β</a>/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Walloon_orthography" title="Walloon orthography">Walloon</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93velar_approximant" title="Voiced labial–velar approximant">w</a>/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Welsh_orthography" title="Welsh orthography">Welsh</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Near-close_near-back_rounded_vowel" title="Near-close near-back rounded vowel">ʊ</a>/</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93velar_approximant" title="Voiced labial–velar approximant">w</a>/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/West_Frisian_alphabet" title="West Frisian alphabet">West Frisian</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_labiodental_fricative" title="Voiced labiodental fricative">v</a>/</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93velar_approximant" title="Voiced labial–velar approximant">w</a>/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Wymysorys_language" title="Wymysorys language">Wymysorys</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_labiodental_fricative" title="Voiced labiodental fricative">v</a>/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Zhuang_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhuang alphabet">Zhuang</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Close_back_unrounded_vowel" title="Close back unrounded vowel">ɯ</a>/</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="English">English</h3></div> <p>English uses <span class="nowrap">⟨w⟩</span> to represent <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/w/</span>. There are also a number of words beginning with a written <span class="nowrap">⟨w⟩</span> that is <a href="/wiki/Silent_letter" title="Silent letter">silent</a> in most dialects before a (pronounced) <span class="nowrap">⟨r⟩</span>, remaining from usage in <a href="/wiki/Old_English_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Old English language">Old English</a> in which the <span class="nowrap">⟨w⟩</span> was pronounced: <i>wreak</i>, <i>wrap</i>, <i>wreck</i>, <i>wrench</i>, <i>wroth</i>, <i>wrinkle</i>, etc. Certain dialects of <a href="/wiki/Scottish_English" title="Scottish English">Scottish English</a> still distinguish this digraph. <span class="nowrap">⟨w⟩</span> represents a vowel sound, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/oʊ/</span>, in the word <a href="/wiki/Pwn" class="mw-redirect" title="Pwn">pwn</a>, and in the Welsh loanwords <a href="/wiki/Cwm_(landform)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cwm (landform)"><i>cwm</i></a> and <i><a href="/wiki/Crwth" title="Crwth">crwth</a></i>, it retains the Welsh pronunciation, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ʊ/</span>. <span class="nowrap">⟨w⟩</span> is also used in digraphs: <span class="nowrap">⟨aw⟩</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɔː/</span>, <span class="nowrap">⟨ew⟩</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/(j)uː/</span>, <span class="nowrap">⟨ow⟩</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/aʊ,<span class="wrap"> </span>oʊ/</span>, wherein it is usually an orthographic <a href="/wiki/Allograph" title="Allograph">allograph</a> of <span class="nowrap">⟨u⟩</span> in final positions. It is the <a href="/wiki/Letter_frequency" title="Letter frequency">fifteenth most frequently used letter</a> in the English language, with a frequency of about 2.56% in words. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_languages">Other languages</h3></div><p> In Europe languages with <span class="nowrap">⟨w⟩</span> in native words are in a central-western European zone between Cornwall and Poland: English, <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>, <a href="/wiki/Low_German_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Low German language">Low German</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frisian_languages" title="Frisian languages">Frisian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Welsh_language" title="Welsh language">Welsh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cornish_language" title="Cornish language">Cornish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Breton_language" title="Breton language">Breton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Walloon_language" title="Walloon language">Walloon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kashubian_language" title="Kashubian language">Kashubian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sorbian_languages" title="Sorbian languages">Sorbian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wymysorys_language" title="Wymysorys language">Wymysorys</a>, <a href="/wiki/Resian_dialect" title="Resian dialect">Resian</a> and <a href="/wiki/North_Germanic_languages" title="North Germanic languages">Scandinavian dialects</a>. German, Polish, Wymysorys and Kashubian use it for the <a href="/wiki/Voiced_labiodental_fricative" title="Voiced labiodental fricative">voiced labiodental fricative</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/v/</span> (with Polish, related Kashubian and Wymysorys using <a href="/wiki/%C5%81" title="Ł">Ł</a> for <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/w/</span>, except in conservative and some eastern Polish speech, where Ł still represents the <a href="/wiki/Dark_L" class="mw-redirect" title="Dark L">dark L</a> sound.), and Dutch uses it for <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ʋ/</span>. Unlike its use in other languages, the letter is used in <a href="/wiki/Welsh_language" title="Welsh language">Welsh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cornish_language" title="Cornish language">Cornish</a> to represent the vowel <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/u/</span> as well as the related approximant consonant <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/w/</span>.</p><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:WondersoftheInvisibleWorld-1693.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/WondersoftheInvisibleWorld-1693.jpg/220px-WondersoftheInvisibleWorld-1693.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="324" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/WondersoftheInvisibleWorld-1693.jpg/330px-WondersoftheInvisibleWorld-1693.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/26/WondersoftheInvisibleWorld-1693.jpg 2x" data-file-width="397" data-file-height="584" /></a><figcaption>A 1693 book printing that uses the "double u" alongside the modern letter; this was acceptable if printers did not have the letter in stock or the font had been made without it.</figcaption></figure> <p>The following languages historically used <span class="nowrap">⟨w⟩</span> for <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/v/</span> in native words, but later replaced it by <span class="nowrap">⟨v⟩</span>: <a href="/wiki/Swedish_language" title="Swedish language">Swedish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Finnish_language" title="Finnish language">Finnish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Czech_language" title="Czech language">Czech</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slovak_language" title="Slovak language">Slovak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Latvian_language" title="Latvian language">Latvian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_language" title="Lithuanian language">Lithuanian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Estonian_language" title="Estonian language">Estonian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Latin_alphabet" title="Ukrainian Latin alphabet">Ukrainian Łatynka</a> and <a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Latin_alphabet" title="Belarusian Latin alphabet">Belarusian Łacinka</a>. It is also used in modern systems of <a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Belarusian" title="Romanization of Belarusian">Romanization of Belarusian</a> for the letter <span class="nowrap">⟨<a href="/wiki/%D0%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="Ў">ў</a>⟩</span>, for example in the BGN/PCGN<sup id="cite_ref-:0_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> system, in contrast to the letter <span class="nowrap">⟨<a href="/wiki/%C5%AC" title="Ŭ">ŭ</a>⟩</span>, which is used in the <a href="/wiki/Instruction_on_transliteration_of_Belarusian_geographical_names_with_letters_of_Latin_script" title="Instruction on transliteration of Belarusian geographical names with letters of Latin script">Instruction on transliteration of Belarusian geographical names with letters of Latin script</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kalevala1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Kalevala1.jpg/220px-Kalevala1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="386" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Kalevala1.jpg/330px-Kalevala1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Kalevala1.jpg/440px-Kalevala1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1090" data-file-height="1912" /></a><figcaption>Titlepage of the first edition of the <i>Kalevala</i>, 1835</figcaption></figure> <p>In Swedish and Finnish, traces of this old usage may still be found in proper names. In <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_language" title="Hungarian language">Hungarian</a> remains in some aristocratic surnames, e.g. <a href="/wiki/Wessel%C3%A9nyi_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Wesselényi (disambiguation)">Wesselényi</a>. </p><p>Modern <a href="/wiki/German_dialects" title="German dialects">German dialects</a> generally have only <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[v]</span> or <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ʋ]</span> for West Germanic <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/w/</span>, but <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[w]</span> or <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[β̞]</span> is still heard allophonically for <span class="nowrap">⟨w⟩</span>, especially in the clusters <span class="nowrap">⟨schw⟩</span>, <span class="nowrap">⟨zw⟩</span>, and <span class="nowrap">⟨qu⟩</span>. Some Bavarian dialects preserve a "light" initial <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[w]</span>, such as in <i>wuoz</i> (Standard German <i>weiß</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[vaɪs]</span> '[I] know'). The Classical Latin <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[β]</span> is heard in the Southern German greeting <i>Servus</i> ('hello' or 'goodbye'). </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a>, <span class="nowrap">⟨w⟩</span> became a <a href="/wiki/Labiodental_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Labiodental approximant">labiodental approximant</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ʋ/</span> (with the exception of words with -<span class="nowrap">⟨eeuw⟩</span>, which have <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/eːβ/</span>, or other diphthongs containing -<span class="nowrap">⟨uw⟩</span>). In many Dutch-speaking areas, such as <a href="/wiki/Flanders" title="Flanders">Flanders</a> and <a href="/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname">Suriname</a>, the <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/β/</span> pronunciation (or in some areas a <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɥ/</span> pronunciation, e.g. Belgian-Dutch <i>water</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/'ɥaːtər/</span> "water", <i>wit</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɥɪt/</span> "white", <i>eeuw</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/eːɥ/</span> "century", etc.) is used at all times. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Finnish_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Finnish alphabet">Finnish</a>, <span class="nowrap">⟨w⟩</span> is sometimes seen as a variant of <span class="nowrap">⟨v⟩</span> and not a separate letter, but it is a part of official alphabet. It is, however, recognized and maintained in the spelling of some old names, reflecting an earlier German spelling standard, and in some modern loan words. In all cases, it is pronounced <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ʋ/</span>. The first edition of the <i><a href="/wiki/Kalevala" title="Kalevala">Kalevala</a></i> had its title spelled <i>Kalewala</i>. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Danish_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Danish alphabet">Danish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Norwegian alphabet">Norwegian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Swedish_alphabet" title="Swedish alphabet">Swedish</a>, <span class="nowrap">⟨w⟩</span> is named double-v and not double-u. In these languages, the letter only exists in old names, loanwords and foreign words. (Foreign words are distinguished from loanwords by having a significantly lower level of integration in the language.) It is usually pronounced <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/v/</span>, but in some words of English origin, it may be pronounced <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/w/</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The letter was officially introduced in the Danish and Swedish alphabets as late as 1980 and 2006, respectively, despite having been in use for much longer. It had been recognized since the conception of modern Norwegian with the earliest official orthography rules of 1907.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span class="nowrap">⟨W⟩</span> was earlier seen as a variant of <span class="nowrap">⟨v⟩</span>, and <span class="nowrap">⟨w⟩</span> as a letter (double-v) is still commonly replaced by <span class="nowrap">⟨v⟩</span> in speech (e.g. <i>WC</i> being pronounced as <i>VC</i>, <i>www</i> as <i>VVV</i>, <i>WHO</i> as <i>VHO</i>, etc.). The two letters were sorted as equals before <span class="nowrap">⟨w⟩</span> was officially recognized, and that practice is still recommended when sorting names in Sweden.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In modern slang, some native speakers may pronounce <span class="nowrap">⟨w⟩</span> more closely to the origin of the loanword than the official <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/v/</span> pronunciation. </p><p>Multiple dialects of Swedish and Danish use the sound, however. In Denmark, notably in <a href="/wiki/Jutland" title="Jutland">Jutland</a>, the northern half uses it extensively in <a href="/wiki/Jutlandic_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Jutlandic dialect">traditional dialect</a>, and in multiple places in Sweden. It is used in southern Swedish; for example, the words "wesp" (wisp) and "wann" (water) are traditionally used in <a href="/wiki/Halland" title="Halland">Halland</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In northern and western Sweden, there are also dialects with <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/w/</span>. <a href="/wiki/Elfdalian" title="Elfdalian">Elfdalian</a> is a good example, which is one of many dialects where the <a href="/wiki/Old_Norse_orthography" title="Old Norse orthography">Old Norse difference</a> between v (<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/w/</span>) and f (<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/v/</span> or <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/f/</span>) is preserved. Thus, "warg" from Old Norse "vargr", but "åvå" from Old Norse "hafa". </p><p>In the alphabets of most modern Romance languages, <span class="nowrap">⟨w⟩</span> is used mostly in foreign names and words recently borrowed (Italian <i>il watt</i>, Spanish <i>el kiwi</i>). In Spanish, Italian, and Portuguese, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[w]</span> is a non-syllabic variant of <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/u/</span>, spelled <span class="nowrap">⟨u⟩</span>. In Italian, while the letter <span class="nowrap">⟨w⟩</span> is not considered part of the standard <a href="/wiki/Italian_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian alphabet">Italian alphabet</a>, the character is often used in place of <i>Viva</i> (hooray for...), generally in the form in which the branches of the Vs cross in the middle, at least in <a href="/wiki/Handwriting" title="Handwriting">handwriting</a> (in fact it could be considered a <a href="/wiki/Monogram" title="Monogram">monogram</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Zingarelli_1945_1713_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zingarelli_1945_1713-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The same symbol written upside down indicates <i>abbasso</i> (down with...). In French, <span class="nowrap">⟨w⟩</span> is also used mostly in foreign names and words recently borrowed such as <i>wagon</i> or <i>week</i>(<i>-</i>)<i>end</i>, but in the first case it is pronounced <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[v]</span> (because of its German origin; except in Belgium, where it is pronounced [w]) and in the second <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[w]</span>. In most northern French dialects, the former <span class="nowrap">⟨w⟩</span> turned finally to <span class="nowrap">⟨v⟩</span>, but still exists as a remnant in the place-names of <a href="/wiki/Romance_Flanders" title="Romance Flanders">Romance Flanders</a>, <a href="/wiki/Picardie" class="mw-redirect" title="Picardie">Picardie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Artois" title="Artois">Artois</a>, <a href="/wiki/Champagne" title="Champagne">Champagne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lorraine" title="Lorraine">Romance Lorraine</a> and sometimes elsewhere (<a href="/wiki/Normandy" title="Normandy">Normandy</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele-de-France" title="Île-de-France">Île-de-France</a>), and in the surnames from the same regions. Walloon as it sounds conserves the <span class="nowrap">⟨w⟩</span> pronounced <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[w]</span>. The digraph <span class="nowrap">⟨ou⟩</span> is used to render <span class="nowrap">⟨w⟩</span> in rare French words such as <i>ouest</i> "west" and to spell Arabic names transliterated <i>-wi</i> in English, but <i>-oui</i> in French (compare Arabic surname <a href="/wiki/Badawi" title="Badawi">Badawi</a> / Badaoui). In all these languages, as in Scandinavian languages mentioned above, the letter is named "double v" (French <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/dubləve/</span>, Spanish <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/'dɔble<span class="wrap"> </span>'uβe/</span>) though in Belgium the name <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/we/</span> is also used. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_language" title="Indonesian language">Indonesian</a>, the letter "w" is called <i>wé</i>. The letter names in Indonesian are always the same with the sounds they produce, especially the consonants. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese language</a> uses "W", pronounced <i>daburu</i>, as an ideogram meaning "double".<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is also used in internet slang to indicate laughter (like <a href="/wiki/LOL#Commonly_used_equivalents_in_other_languages" title="LOL">LOL</a>), derived from the word <i>warau</i> (笑う, meaning "to laugh"). </p><p>In Italian, while the letter <span class="nowrap">⟨w⟩</span> is not considered part of the standard <a href="/wiki/Italian_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian alphabet">Italian alphabet</a>, the character is often used in place of <i>Viva</i> (hooray for...), generally in the form in which the branches of the Vs cross in the middle, at least in <a href="/wiki/Handwriting" title="Handwriting">handwriting</a> (in fact, it could be considered a <a href="/wiki/Monogram" title="Monogram">monogram</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Zingarelli_1945_1713_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zingarelli_1945_1713-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The same symbol written upside down indicates <i>abbasso</i> (down with...). </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Kokborok" title="Kokborok">Kokborok language</a>, <span class="nowrap">⟨w⟩</span> represents the <a href="/wiki/Open-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Open-mid back rounded vowel">open-mid back rounded vowel</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɔ/</span>. </p><p>In Turkey, the use of the <span class="nowrap">⟨w⟩</span> was banned between 1928 and 2013<sup id="cite_ref-:1_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which was a problem for the <a href="/wiki/Kurds_in_Turkey" title="Kurds in Turkey">Kurdish population in Turkey</a> as the <span class="nowrap">⟨w⟩</span> was a letter of the <a href="/wiki/Kurdish_alphabets" title="Kurdish alphabets">Kurdish alphabet</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The use of the letter <span class="nowrap">⟨w⟩</span> in the word <a href="/wiki/Newroz_as_celebrated_by_Kurds" title="Newroz as celebrated by Kurds">Newroz</a>, the Kurdish new year, was forbidden,<sup id="cite_ref-:2_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and names which included the letter were not able to be used.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2008, a court in <a href="/wiki/Gaziantep" title="Gaziantep">Gaziantep</a> reasoned the use of the letter <span class="nowrap">⟨w⟩</span> would incite civil unrest.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_language" title="Vietnamese language">Vietnamese</a>, <span class="nowrap">⟨w⟩</span> is called <i><span title="Vietnamese-language text"><i lang="vi">vê đúp</i></span></i>, from the French <i><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">double vé</i></span></i>. It is not included in the standard <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_alphabet" title="Vietnamese alphabet">Vietnamese alphabet</a>, but it is often used as a substitute for <i>qu-</i> in <a href="/wiki/Literary_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Literary dialect">literary dialect</a> and very informal writing.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It's also commonly used for abbreviating <i>Ư</i> in formal documents, for example <i>Trung Ương</i> is abbreviated as TW<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> even in official documents and document ID number<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>"W" is the 24th letter in the <a href="/wiki/Filipino_alphabet" title="Filipino alphabet">Modern Filipino Alphabet</a> and has its English name. However, in the old Filipino alphabet, <a href="/wiki/Abakada" class="mw-redirect" title="Abakada">Abakada</a>, it was the 19th letter and had the name "wah".<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Cleanup" title="Wikipedia:Cleanup"><span title="Wikipedia:Cleanup">is that 'h' a glottal stop?</span></a></i>]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Washo_language" title="Washo language">Washo</a>, lower-case <span class="nowrap">⟨w⟩</span> represents a typical <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/w/</span> sound, while upper-case <span class="nowrap">⟨W⟩</span> represents a <a href="/wiki/Voicelessness" title="Voicelessness">voiceless</a> w sound, like the difference between English <i>weather</i> and <i>whether</i> for those who maintain the distinction. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_systems">Other systems</h3></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">International Phonetic Alphabet</a>, ⟨<span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa">w</span>⟩ is used for the <a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial-velar_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced labial-velar approximant">voiced labial-velar approximant</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_uses">Other uses</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/W_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="W (disambiguation)">W (disambiguation)</a></div> <ul><li>W is the symbol for the chemical element <a href="/wiki/Tungsten" title="Tungsten">tungsten</a>, after its German (and alternative English) name, <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Wolfram</i></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>W is the <a href="/wiki/SI" class="mw-redirect" title="SI">SI</a> symbol for the <a href="/wiki/Watt" title="Watt">watt</a>, the standard unit of power.</li> <li><i>w</i> is also often used as a <a href="/wiki/Variable_(mathematics)" title="Variable (mathematics)">variable</a> in mathematics, especially to represent a <a href="/wiki/Complex_number" title="Complex number">complex number</a> or a <a href="/wiki/Vector_space" title="Vector space">vector</a>.</li> <li>Former U.S. president <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> was given the nickname "Dubya" after the colloquial pronunciation of his middle initial in <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a>, where he spent much of his childhood.</li> <li><i><b>W</b></i> stands for <a href="/wiki/Work_(physics)" title="Work (physics)">Work</a> in physics</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Related_characters">Related characters</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ancestors,_descendants_and_siblings"><span id="Ancestors.2C_descendants_and_siblings"></span>Ancestors, descendants and siblings</h3></div> <ul><li>𐤅: <a href="/wiki/Phoenician_alphabet" title="Phoenician alphabet">Semitic</a> letter <a href="/wiki/Waw_(letter)" title="Waw (letter)">Waw</a>, from which the following symbols originally derive:</li> <li>U: Latin letter <a href="/wiki/U" title="U">U</a></li> <li>V: Latin letter <a href="/wiki/V" title="V">V</a></li> <li>Ⱳ ⱳ: <a href="/wiki/W_with_hook" title="W with hook">W with hook</a></li> <li>Ꝡ ꝡ: Ligature for the Latin letters <a href="/wiki/%EA%9D%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="Ꝡ">VY</a></li> <li>Ꟃ ꟃ: Anglicana W, used in <a href="/wiki/Middle_English" title="Middle English">medieval English</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cornish_language#Middle_Cornish" title="Cornish language">Cornish</a><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a>-specific symbols related to W: <span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_labial%E2%80%93velar_fricative" title="Voiceless labial–velar fricative">ʍ</a></span> <span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_back_unrounded_vowel" title="Close back unrounded vowel">ɯ</a></span> <span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_approximant" title="Voiced velar approximant">ɰ</a></span> <span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Labialization" title="Labialization">ʷ</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uralic_Phonetic_Alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Uralic Phonetic Alphabet">Uralic Phonetic Alphabet</a>-specific symbols related to W:<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span class="nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049734">.mw-parser-output .monospaced{font-family:monospace,monospace}</style><span class="monospaced">U+1D21</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">ᴡ</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL W</span> and <span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+1D42</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">ᵂ</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">MODIFIER LETTER CAPITAL W</span></li> <li>ʷ : Modifier letter small w is used in <a href="/wiki/Indo-European_studies" title="Indo-European studies">Indo-European studies</a><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>ꭩ : Modifier letter small turned w is used in linguistic transcriptions of <a href="/wiki/Scots_language" title="Scots language">Scots</a><sup id="cite_ref-l219075_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-l219075-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>W with <a href="/wiki/Diacritic" title="Diacritic">diacritics</a>: <a href="/wiki/Acute_accent" title="Acute accent">Ẃ ẃ</a> <a href="/wiki/Grave_accent" title="Grave accent">Ẁ ẁ</a> <a href="/wiki/Circumflex" title="Circumflex">Ŵ ŵ</a> <a href="/wiki/Diaeresis_(diacritic)" title="Diaeresis (diacritic)">Ẅ ẅ</a> <a href="/wiki/Dot_(diacritic)" title="Dot (diacritic)">Ẇ ẇ Ẉ ẉ</a> <a href="/wiki/W%CC%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="W̊">ẘ</a></li> <li>װ (double <a href="/wiki/Vav_(letter)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vav (letter)">vav</a>): the <a href="/wiki/Yiddish_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Yiddish language">Yiddish</a> and <a href="/wiki/Modern_Hebrew" title="Modern Hebrew">Hebrew</a> equivalent of W</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_script" title="Arabic script">Arabic</a> <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D9%88" class="extiw" title="wikt:و">و</a>, has the same origin despite bearing little resemblance to W</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ligatures_and_abbreviations">Ligatures and abbreviations</h3></div> <ul><li>₩ : <a href="/wiki/Won_sign" title="Won sign">Won sign</a>, capital letter W with double stroke</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_representations">Other representations</h2></div> <p><span class="anchor" id="Codes_for_computing"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Computing">Computing <span class="anchor" id="Computing_codes"></span></h3></div> <table class="wikitable template-charmap" style="text-align:right"> <caption>Character information </caption> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center"> <th scope="row">Preview</th> <th colspan="2" style="font-size:150%">W</th> <th colspan="2" style="font-size:150%">w</th> <th colspan="2" style="font-size:150%">Ｗ</th> <th colspan="2" style="font-size:150%">ｗ </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1061632564">.mw-parser-output table.template-charmap tr:first-child{height:50px}.mw-parser-output table.template-charmap tr:first-child th[colspan]{height:100%}.mw-parser-output table.template-charmap tr:first-child th[colspan]>div{height:100%;display:flex;justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output table.template-charmap tr:first-child th[colspan]>div>div{display:flex;flex-direction:column;padding:0 0.5em}.mw-parser-output table.template-charmap tr:first-child th[colspan]>div>div>span:nth-child(2){margin:auto;padding:10px 0;font-size:150%;line-height:1}.mw-parser-output table.template-charmap .smallcaps-cm{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output table.template-charmap td:first-child{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output table.template-charmap .template-charmap-numchr td:nth-child(n/**/+2){font-size:90%;padding:2px}</style>Unicode name </th> <td colspan="2" class="smallcaps-cm">LATIN CAPITAL LETTER W </td> <td colspan="2" class="smallcaps-cm">LATIN SMALL LETTER W </td> <td colspan="2" class="smallcaps-cm">FULLWIDTH LATIN CAPITAL LETTER W </td> <td colspan="2" class="smallcaps-cm">FULLWIDTH LATIN SMALL LETTER W </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left;">Encodings</th> <th>decimal</th> <th>hex</th> <th>dec</th> <th>hex</th> <th>dec</th> <th>hex</th> <th>dec</th> <th>hex </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a></td> <td>87</td> <td>U+0057</td> <td>119</td> <td>U+0077</td> <td>65335</td> <td>U+FF37</td> <td>65367</td> <td>U+FF57 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/UTF-8" title="UTF-8">UTF-8</a></td> <td>87</td> <td>57</td> <td>119</td> <td>77</td> <td>239 188 183</td> <td>EF BC B7</td> <td>239 189 151</td> <td>EF BD 97 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Numeric_character_reference" title="Numeric character reference">Numeric character reference</a></td> <td>&#87;<wbr /></td> <td>&#x57;<wbr /></td> <td>&#119;<wbr /></td> <td>&#x77;<wbr /></td> <td>&#65335;<wbr /></td> <td>&#xFF37;<wbr /></td> <td>&#65367;<wbr /></td> <td>&#xFF57;<wbr /> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/EBCDIC" title="EBCDIC">EBCDIC</a> family</td> <td>230</td> <td>E6</td> <td>166</td> <td>A6</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/ASCII" title="ASCII">ASCII</a><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>87</td> <td>57</td> <td>119</td> <td>77</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Also for encodings based on ASCII, including the DOS, Windows, ISO-8859 and Macintosh families of encodings.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other">Other</h3></div> <div style="width: 500px;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" style="text-align: center; background: white;"> <tbody><tr style="font-size: 85%; line-height: 125%;"> <td width="50%" style="border-left: 1px solid silver; border-top: 1px solid silver; line-height:1.3em; padding:0.3em;"><a href="/wiki/NATO_spelling_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="NATO spelling alphabet">NATO phonetic</a> </td> <td width="50%" style="border-left: 1px solid silver; border-top: 1px solid silver; border-right: 1px solid silver;"><a href="/wiki/Morse_code" title="Morse code">Morse code</a> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: monospace; font-weight: bold; line-height: 100%; font-size:150%"> <td width="50%" style="border-left: 1px solid silver; padding:0.3em;">Whiskey<br /><i style="font-size:75%"></i> </td> <td width="50%" style="border-left: 1px solid silver; border-right: 1px solid silver; font-size: large;"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion nounderlines"><span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/6\/68\/W_morse_code.ogg\/W_morse_code.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"<span style=\"font-family: monospace; font-size: 40%; vertical-align: 1.5ex; white-space: pre-wrap;\">&#160;&#160;&#9604;&#160;&#9604;&#9604;&#9604;&#160;&#9604;&#9604;&#9604;&#160;<\/span>"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"W morse code.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/68/W_morse_code.ogg/W_morse_code.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"><span style="font-family: monospace; font-size: 40%; vertical-align: 1.5ex; white-space: pre-wrap;">  ▄ ▄▄▄ ▄▄▄ </span></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:W_morse_code.ogg" title="File:W morse code.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" style="text-align: center; background: white;"> <tbody><tr style="height: 80px;"> <td width="20%" style="border-left: 1px solid silver; border-top: 1px solid silver; padding:0.3em;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ICS_Whiskey.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/ICS_Whiskey.svg/75px-ICS_Whiskey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/ICS_Whiskey.svg/113px-ICS_Whiskey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/ICS_Whiskey.svg/150px-ICS_Whiskey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </td> <td width="20%" style="border-left: 1px solid silver; border-top: 1px solid silver; padding:0.3em;"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Semaphore_Whiskey.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Semaphore_Whiskey.svg/90px-Semaphore_Whiskey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Semaphore_Whiskey.svg/135px-Semaphore_Whiskey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Semaphore_Whiskey.svg/180px-Semaphore_Whiskey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> </p> </td> <td width="20%" style="border-left: 1px solid silver; border-top: 1px solid silver; padding:0.3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sign_language_W.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Sign_language_W.svg/90px-Sign_language_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Sign_language_W.svg/135px-Sign_language_W.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Sign_language_W.svg/180px-Sign_language_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="280" data-file-height="550" /></a></span> </td> <td width="20%" style="border-left: 1px solid silver; border-top: 1px solid silver; padding:0.3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BSL_letter_W.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/BSL_letter_W.svg/90px-BSL_letter_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/BSL_letter_W.svg/135px-BSL_letter_W.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/BSL_letter_W.svg/180px-BSL_letter_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="240" data-file-height="160" /></a></span> </td> <td width="20%" style="border-left: 1px solid silver; border-right: 1px solid silver; border-top: 1px solid silver; padding:0.3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_W.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠺"><img alt="⠺" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Braille_W.svg/77px-Braille_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="77" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Braille_W.svg/116px-Braille_W.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Braille_W.svg/154px-Braille_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr style="font-size: 85%; line-height: 125%;"> <td width="20%" style="border-left: 1px solid silver; border-bottom: 1px solid silver; padding-bottom:0.3em;"><a href="/wiki/International_maritime_signal_flags" title="International maritime signal flags">Signal flag</a> </td> <td width="20%" style="border-left: 1px solid silver; border-bottom: 1px solid silver;"><a href="/wiki/Flag_semaphore" title="Flag semaphore">Flag semaphore</a> </td> <td width="20%" style="border-left: 1px solid silver; border-bottom: 1px solid silver;"><a href="/wiki/American_manual_alphabet" title="American manual alphabet">American manual alphabet</a> (<a href="/wiki/American_Sign_Language" title="American Sign Language">ASL</a> <a href="/wiki/Fingerspelling" title="Fingerspelling">fingerspelling</a>) </td> <td width="20%" style="border-left: 1px solid silver; border-bottom: 1px solid silver;"><a href="/wiki/British_manual_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="British manual alphabet">British manual alphabet</a> (<a href="/wiki/British_Sign_Language" title="British Sign Language">BSL</a> <a href="/wiki/Fingerspelling" title="Fingerspelling">fingerspelling</a>) </td> <td width="20%" style="border-left: 1px solid silver; border-right: 1px solid silver; border-bottom: 1px solid silver;"><a href="/wiki/Braille_pattern_dots-2456" title="Braille pattern dots-2456">Braille dots-2456</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Unified_English_Braille" title="Unified English Braille">Unified English Braille</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digamma" title="Digamma">Digamma</a> (Ϝ), the archaic Greek letter for /w/</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labio-velar_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced labio-velar approximant">Voiced labio-velar approximant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wh_(digraph)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wh (digraph)">Wh (digraph)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <p><b>Informational notes</b> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pronounced <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/ʌ/: 'u' in 'cut'">ʌ</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="/əl/: 'le' in 'bottle'">əl</span><span title="/./: syllable break">.</span><span title="/j/: 'y' in 'yes'">j</span><span title="/uː/: 'oo' in 'goose'">uː</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">DUH</span>-bəl-yoo</i></a> in formal situations, but colloquially often <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/ʌ/: 'u' in 'cut'">ʌ</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/j/: 'y' in 'yes'">j</span><span title="/uː/: 'oo' in 'goose'">uː</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">DUH</span>-bə-yoo</i></a>, <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/ʌ/: 'u' in 'cut'">ʌ</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="/j/: 'y' in 'yes'">j</span><span title="/uː/: 'oo' in 'goose'">uː</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">DUH</span>-bew</i></a>, <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/ʌ/: 'u' in 'cut'">ʌ</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/j/: 'y' in 'yes'">j</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">DUH</span>-bə-yə</i></a> or <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/ʌ/: 'u' in 'cut'">ʌ</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="/j/: 'y' in 'yes'">j</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">DUH</span>-byə</i></a>, with a silent <i>l</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">However, "Izzard" was formerly a two-syllable pronunciation of the letter <b><a href="/wiki/Z" title="Z">Z</a></b>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In <a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Portuguese" title="Brazilian Portuguese">Brazilian Portuguese</a>, it is <i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/d%C3%A1blio#Portuguese" class="extiw" title="wikt:dáblio">dáblio</a></i>, which is a loanword from the English <i>double-u</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In <a href="/wiki/Latin_American_Spanish" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin American Spanish">Latin American Spanish</a>, it is <i>doble ve</i>, similar <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/W#Spanish" class="extiw" title="wikt:W">regional variations</a> exist in other Spanish-speaking countries.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Writing manuals that include it include <a href="/wiki/Edward_Cocker" title="Edward Cocker">Edward Cocker</a>'s <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/penstriumphacop00cockgoog/page/n16/mode/2up">The Pen's Triumph</a></i> of 1658 and engravings of the <a href="/wiki/Roundhand" class="mw-redirect" title="Roundhand">roundhand</a> calligraphy of Charles Snell and sometimes <a href="/wiki/George_Bickham_the_Elder" title="George Bickham the Elder">George Bickham</a>. See also <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://twitter.com/hardwig/status/1262389827233865731">Florian Hardwig's gallery</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200518171944/https://twitter.com/hardwig/status/1262389827233865731">Archived</a> May 18, 2020, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> of images of its use in the German-speaking countries.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p><b>Citations</b> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"W", <i>Oxford English Dictionary,</i> 2nd edition (1989); 'W", <i>Oxford English Dictionary,</i> 2nd edition (1989); <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Merriam-Webster%27s_Third_New_International_Dictionary_of_the_English_Language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Merriam-Webster's Third New International Dictionary of the English Language (page does not exist)">Merriam-Webster's Third New International Dictionary of the English Language</a>, Unabridged</i> (1993) <a href="/wiki/Merriam_Webster" class="mw-redirect" title="Merriam Webster">Merriam Webster</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brown & Kiddle (1870) <i>The institutes of grammar,</i> p. 19. <br /><i>Double-ues</i> is the plural of the name of the letter; the plural of the letter itself is written W's, <i>W</i>s, w's, or <i>w</i>s.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFVolkswagen" class="citation web cs1">Volkswagen. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060502184847/http://youtube.com/watch?v=qgEvy60bZYI">"VW Unpimp – Drop it like its hot"</a>. <i>YouTube</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qgEvy60bZYI">the original</a> on May 2, 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 3,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YouTube&rft.atitle=VW+Unpimp+%E2%80%93+Drop+it+like+its+hot&rft.au=Volkswagen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DqgEvy60bZYI&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AW" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.taringa.net/posts/noticias/7792488/Real-Academia-Espanola-elimina-la-Ch-y-ll-del-alfabeto.html">"Real Academia Española elimina la Ch y ll del alfabeto"</a>. Taringa!. November 5, 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130603013419/http://www.taringa.net/posts/noticias/7792488/Real-Academia-Espanola-elimina-la-Ch-y-ll-del-alfabeto.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 3, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 4,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Real+Academia+Espa%C3%B1ola+elimina+la+Ch+y+ll+del+alfabeto&rft.pub=Taringa%21&rft.date=2010-11-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.taringa.net%2Fposts%2Fnoticias%2F7792488%2FReal-Academia-Espanola-elimina-la-Ch-y-ll-del-alfabeto.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AW" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Flawed_Typefaces-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Flawed_Typefaces_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Flawed_Typefaces_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShaw" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Shaw_(design_historian)" title="Paul Shaw (design historian)">Shaw, Paul</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.paulshawletterdesign.com/2011/05/flawed-typefaces/">"Flawed Typefaces"</a>. <i>Print magazine</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150623071023/http://www.paulshawletterdesign.com/2011/05/flawed-typefaces/">Archived</a> from the original on June 23, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 30,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Print+magazine&rft.atitle=Flawed+Typefaces&rft.aulast=Shaw&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.paulshawletterdesign.com%2F2011%2F05%2Fflawed-typefaces%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AW" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Berry_Roundhand-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Berry_Roundhand_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Berry_Roundhand_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerry" class="citation web cs1">Berry, John. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blog.typekit.com/alternate/a-history-english-round-hand-and-the-universal-penman/">"A History: English round hand and 'The Universal Penman'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Typekit</i>. Adobe Systems. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201003034145/https://blog.typekit.com/alternate/a-history-english-round-hand-and-the-universal-penman/">Archived</a> from the original on October 3, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 19,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Typekit&rft.atitle=A+History%3A+English+round+hand+and+%27The+Universal+Penman%27&rft.aulast=Berry&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblog.typekit.com%2Falternate%2Fa-history-english-round-hand-and-the-universal-penman%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AW" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Caslon_IV-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Caslon_IV_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCaslon1816" class="citation book cs1">Caslon, William IV (1816). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ldpd_11344964_000/page/n3/mode/2up"><i>Untitled fragment of a specimen book of printing types, c. 1816</i></a>. London: William Caslon IV<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 19,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Untitled+fragment+of+a+specimen+book+of+printing+types%2C+c.+1816&rft.place=London&rft.pub=William+Caslon+IV&rft.date=1816&rft.aulast=Caslon&rft.aufirst=William+IV&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fldpd_11344964_000%2Fpage%2Fn3%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AW" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160822083407/http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/words/why-is-w-pronounced-double-u">"Why is 'w' pronounced 'double u' rather than 'double v'? : Oxford Dictionaries Online"</a>. Oxforddictionaries.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/words/why-is-w-pronounced-double-u">the original</a> on August 22, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 4,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Why+is+%27w%27+pronounced+%27double+u%27+rather+than+%27double+v%27%3F+%3A+Oxford+Dictionaries+Online&rft.pub=Oxforddictionaries.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxforddictionaries.com%2Fwords%2Fwhy-is-w-pronounced-double-u&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AW" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Arm w ist so unmer und unbekannt, dasz man schier weder seinen namen noch sein gestalt waiszt, die Lateiner wöllen sein nit, wie sy dann auch sein nit bedürffen, so wissen die Teütschen sonderlich die schülmaister noch nitt was sy mit im machen oder wie sy in nennen sollen, an ettlichen enden nennet man in we, die aber ein wenig latein haben gesehen, die nennen in mit zwaien unterschidlichen lauten u auff ainander, also uu ... die Schwaben nennen in auwawau, wiewol ich disen kauderwelschen namen also versteh, das es drey u sein, auff grob schwäbisch au genennet." cited after Grimm, <i><a href="/wiki/Deutsches_W%C3%B6rterbuch" title="Deutsches Wörterbuch">Deutsches Wörterbuch</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/811510/ROMANIZATION_OF_BELARUSIAN.pdf">"Belarusian romanization (June 2019) (publishing.service.gov.uk)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211006223432/https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/811510/ROMANIZATION_OF_BELARUSIAN.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on October 6, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 16,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Belarusian+romanization+%28June+2019%29+%28publishing.service.gov.uk%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.publishing.service.gov.uk%2Fgovernment%2Fuploads%2Fsystem%2Fuploads%2Fattachment_data%2Ffile%2F811510%2FROMANIZATION_OF_BELARUSIAN.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AW" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.denstoredanske.dk/Sprog,_religion_og_filosofi/Sprog/Ortografi/w_W">"W, w - Gyldendal - Den Store Danske"</a>. <i>Den Store Danske</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170904141630/http://denstoredanske.dk/Sprog,_religion_og_filosofi/Sprog/Ortografi/w_W">Archived</a> from the original on September 4, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 7,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Den+Store+Danske&rft.atitle=W%2C+w+-+Gyldendal+-+Den+Store+Danske&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.denstoredanske.dk%2FSprog%2C_religion_og_filosofi%2FSprog%2FOrtografi%2Fw_W&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AW" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120824045619/https://www.svenskaakademien.se/svenska_spraket/svenska_akademiens_ordlista/saol_pa_natet/ordlista">"Ordlista"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.svenskaakademien.se/svenska_spraket/svenska_akademiens_ordlista/saol_pa_natet/ordlista">the original</a> on August 24, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 29,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ordlista&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.svenskaakademien.se%2Fsvenska_spraket%2Fsvenska_akademiens_ordlista%2Fsaol_pa_natet%2Fordlista&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AW" class="Z3988"></span>, page 1098</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAarsHofgaard1907" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Aars, Jonathan; Hofgaard, Simon Wright (1907). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-nb_digibok_2006081600014#&struct=DIVP19"><i>Norske retskrivnings-regler med alfabetiske ordlister</i></a> (in Norwegian). W. C. Fabritius & Sønner. pp. 19, 84. NBN 2006081600014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220218163256/https://www.nb.no/items/URN:NBN:no-nb_digibok_2006081600014#&struct=DIVP19">Archived</a> from the original on February 18, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 18,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Norske+retskrivnings-regler+med+alfabetiske+ordlister&rft.pages=19%2C+84&rft.pub=W.+C.+Fabritius+%26+S%C3%B8nner&rft.date=1907&rft.aulast=Aars&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft.au=Hofgaard%2C+Simon+Wright&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Furn.nb.no%2FURN%3ANBN%3Ano-nb_digibok_2006081600014%23%26struct%3DDIVP19&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AW" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181014150649/http://www.spraknamnden.se/fragor/arkiv_sprakrad.htm#w">"Veckans språkråd 2006"</a> (in Swedish). July 5, 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spraknamnden.se/fragor/arkiv_sprakrad.htm#w">the original</a> on October 14, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 18,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Veckans+spr%C3%A5kr%C3%A5d+2006&rft.date=2007-07-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spraknamnden.se%2Ffragor%2Farkiv_sprakrad.htm%23w&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AW" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeter1858" class="citation book cs1">Peter, von Möller (1858). <i>Ordbok öfver Halländska landskapsmålet</i>. Lund: Berlingska boktryckeriet. p. 17.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ordbok+%C3%B6fver+Hall%C3%A4ndska+landskapsm%C3%A5let&rft.place=Lund&rft.pages=17&rft.pub=Berlingska+boktryckeriet&rft.date=1858&rft.aulast=Peter&rft.aufirst=von+M%C3%B6ller&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AW" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Zingarelli_1945_1713-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Zingarelli_1945_1713_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zingarelli_1945_1713_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZingarelli1945" class="citation book cs1">Zingarelli, Nicola (1945). <i>Vocabolario della lingua italiana</i> (7 ed.). Bologna: Nicola Zanichelli. p. 1713.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vocabolario+della+lingua+italiana&rft.place=Bologna&rft.pages=1713&rft.edition=7&rft.pub=Nicola+Zanichelli&rft.date=1945&rft.aulast=Zingarelli&rft.aufirst=Nicola&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AW" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110721183954/http://no-sword.jp/blog/2006/06/let-pretending-to-be-injured-begin.html">"Let the pretending to be injured begin"</a>. No-sword.jp. June 10, 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://no-sword.jp/blog/2006/06/let-pretending-to-be-injured-begin.html">the original</a> on July 21, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 4,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Let+the+pretending+to+be+injured+begin&rft.pub=No-sword.jp&rft.date=2006-06-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fno-sword.jp%2Fblog%2F2006%2F06%2Flet-pretending-to-be-injured-begin.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AW" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/ban-on-kurdish-letters-to-be-lifted-with-democracy-package-55254">"Ban on Kurdish letters to be lifted with democracy package - Turkey News"</a>. <i>Hürriyet Daily News</i>. September 27, 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220117020305/https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/ban-on-kurdish-letters-to-be-lifted-with-democracy-package-55254">Archived</a> from the original on January 17, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 17,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=H%C3%BCrriyet+Daily+News&rft.atitle=Ban+on+Kurdish+letters+to+be+lifted+with+democracy+package+-+Turkey+News&rft.date=2013-09-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hurriyetdailynews.com%2Fban-on-kurdish-letters-to-be-lifted-with-democracy-package-55254&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AW" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOthmann" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Othmann, Ronya. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.faz.net/aktuell/feuilleton/debatten/tuerkei-die-folgen-des-rassismus-gegenueber-kurden-17473152.html">"Kolumne "Import Export": Bei X, Q, W ins Gefängnis"</a>. <i>FAZ.NET</i> (in German). <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0174-4909">0174-4909</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220118182355/https://www.faz.net/aktuell/feuilleton/debatten/tuerkei-die-folgen-des-rassismus-gegenueber-kurden-17473152.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 18, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 17,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FAZ.NET&rft.atitle=Kolumne+%22Import+Export%22%3A+Bei+X%2C+Q%2C+W+ins+Gef%C3%A4ngnis&rft.issn=0174-4909&rft.aulast=Othmann&rft.aufirst=Ronya&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.faz.net%2Faktuell%2Ffeuilleton%2Fdebatten%2Ftuerkei-die-folgen-des-rassismus-gegenueber-kurden-17473152.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AW" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.spiegel.de/kultur/gesellschaft/tuerkei-erdogan-will-kurdische-schriftzeichen-erlauben-a-924943.html">"Türkei: Erdogan will kurdische Schriftzeichen erlauben"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Der_Spiegel" title="Der Spiegel">Der Spiegel</a></i> (in German). September 27, 2013. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2195-1349">2195-1349</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211219021050/https://www.spiegel.de/kultur/gesellschaft/tuerkei-erdogan-will-kurdische-schriftzeichen-erlauben-a-924943.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 19, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 17,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Der+Spiegel&rft.atitle=T%C3%BCrkei%3A+Erdogan+will+kurdische+Schriftzeichen+erlauben&rft.date=2013-09-27&rft.issn=2195-1349&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.spiegel.de%2Fkultur%2Fgesellschaft%2Ftuerkei-erdogan-will-kurdische-schriftzeichen-erlauben-a-924943.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AW" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.refworld.org/pdfid/4b6fe30ad.pdf">"Refugee Review Tribunal Australia"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220218163251/https://www.refworld.org/pdfid/4b6fe30ad.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on February 18, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 17,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Refugee+Review+Tribunal+Australia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.refworld.org%2Fpdfid%2F4b6fe30ad.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AW" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAtaman2009" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Ataman, Ferda (October 14, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tagesspiegel.de/berlin/buchstaben-als-politikum-zweijaehriger-kurde-wird-wegen-vornamens-staatenlos/1616212.html">"Zweijähriger Kurde wird wegen Vornamens staatenlos"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Der_Tagesspiegel" title="Der Tagesspiegel">Der Tagesspiegel</a></i> (in German). <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1865-2263">1865-2263</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220118184043/https://www.tagesspiegel.de/berlin/buchstaben-als-politikum-zweijaehriger-kurde-wird-wegen-vornamens-staatenlos/1616212.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 18, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 17,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Der+Tagesspiegel&rft.atitle=Zweij%C3%A4hriger+Kurde+wird+wegen+Vornamens+staatenlos&rft.date=2009-10-14&rft.issn=1865-2263&rft.aulast=Ataman&rft.aufirst=Ferda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tagesspiegel.de%2Fberlin%2Fbuchstaben-als-politikum-zweijaehriger-kurde-wird-wegen-vornamens-staatenlos%2F1616212.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AW" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNhật_My2009" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Nhật My (May 19, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vnexpress.net/tin-tuc/thoi-su/ngon-ngu-thoi-cua-teen-2131526.html">"Ngôn ngữ thời @ của teen"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/VnExpress" title="VnExpress">VnExpress</a></i> (in Vietnamese). FPT Group. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140416180245/http://vnexpress.net/tin-tuc/thoi-su/ngon-ngu-thoi-cua-teen-2131526.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 16, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 15,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=VnExpress&rft.atitle=Ng%C3%B4n+ng%E1%BB%AF+th%E1%BB%9Di+%40+c%E1%BB%A7a+teen&rft.date=2009-05-19&rft.au=Nh%E1%BA%ADt+My&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvnexpress.net%2Ftin-tuc%2Fthoi-su%2Fngon-ngu-thoi-cua-teen-2131526.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AW" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTrần_Tư_Bình2013" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Trần Tư Bình (November 30, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vietpali.sourceforge.net/binh/VietTatChuVietTrongNgonNgu-ACong.htm">"Viết tắt chữ Việt trong ngôn ngữ @"</a>. <i>Chim Việt Cành Nam</i> (in Vietnamese) (53). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140228190514/http://vietpali.sourceforge.net/binh/VietTatChuVietTrongNgonNgu-ACong.htm">Archived</a> from the original on February 28, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 15,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chim+Vi%E1%BB%87t+C%C3%A0nh+Nam&rft.atitle=Vi%E1%BA%BFt+t%E1%BA%AFt+ch%E1%BB%AF+Vi%E1%BB%87t+trong+ng%C3%B4n+ng%E1%BB%AF+%40&rft.issue=53&rft.date=2013-11-30&rft.au=Tr%E1%BA%A7n+T%C6%B0+B%C3%ACnh&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvietpali.sourceforge.net%2Fbinh%2FVietTatChuVietTrongNgonNgu-ACong.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AW" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171107222502/http://wcag.dongnai.gov.vn/_layouts/mobile/dispform.aspx?List=c55e1211-325f-4687-84c6-990157dfe5f2&View=c3f190ca-4f63-4476-aa51-7375d3286805&ID=4">"Từ viết tắt: Trung ương"</a>. <i>wcag.dongnai.gov.vn</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wcag.dongnai.gov.vn/_layouts/mobile/dispform.aspx?List=c55e1211-325f-4687-84c6-990157dfe5f2&View=c3f190ca-4f63-4476-aa51-7375d3286805&ID=4">the original</a> on November 7, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 4,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=wcag.dongnai.gov.vn&rft.atitle=T%E1%BB%AB+vi%E1%BA%BFt+t%E1%BA%AFt%3A+Trung+%C6%B0%C6%A1ng&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwcag.dongnai.gov.vn%2F_layouts%2Fmobile%2Fdispform.aspx%3FList%3Dc55e1211-325f-4687-84c6-990157dfe5f2%26View%3Dc3f190ca-4f63-4476-aa51-7375d3286805%26ID%3D4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AW" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVIỆT_NAM" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">VIỆT NAM, ĐẢNG CỘNG SẢN. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170703231413/http://dangcongsan.vn/he-thong-van-ban.html">"Hệ thống văn bản"</a>. <i>dangcongsan.vn</i> (in Vietnamese). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dangcongsan.vn/he-thong-van-ban.html">the original</a> on July 3, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 4,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=dangcongsan.vn&rft.atitle=H%E1%BB%87+th%E1%BB%91ng+v%C4%83n+b%E1%BA%A3n&rft.aulast=VI%E1%BB%86T+NAM&rft.aufirst=%C4%90%E1%BA%A2NG+C%E1%BB%98NG+S%E1%BA%A2N&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdangcongsan.vn%2Fhe-thong-van-ban.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AW" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"W, w, pronounced: wah". <i>English, Leo James Tagalog-English Dictionary</i>. 1990., page 1556.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBureau2006" class="citation book cs1">Bureau, Commodity Research (September 14, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GmzxkvNhxnIC&q=w+symbol+for+tungsten&pg=PA289"><i>The CRB Commodity Yearbook 2006 with CD-ROM</i></a>. John Wiley & Sons. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780470083949" title="Special:BookSources/9780470083949"><bdi>9780470083949</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220218163251/https://books.google.com/books?id=GmzxkvNhxnIC&q=w+symbol+for+tungsten&pg=PA289">Archived</a> from the original on February 18, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 7,</span> 2017</span> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+CRB+Commodity+Yearbook+2006+with+CD-ROM&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2006-09-14&rft.isbn=9780470083949&rft.aulast=Bureau&rft.aufirst=Commodity+Research&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGmzxkvNhxnIC%26q%3Dw%2Bsymbol%2Bfor%2Btungsten%26pg%3DPA289&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AW" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|last=</code> has generic name (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#generic_name" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEverson2017" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Everson" title="Michael Everson">Everson, Michael</a> (July 26, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2017/17238-n4838-anglicana-w.pdf">"L2/17-238: Proposal to add LATIN LETTER ANGLICANA W to the UCS"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200131222128/http://www.unicode.org/L2/L2017/17238-n4838-anglicana-w.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on January 31, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 15,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=L2%2F17-238%3A+Proposal+to+add+LATIN+LETTER+ANGLICANA+W+to+the+UCS&rft.date=2017-07-26&rft.aulast=Everson&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2FL2%2FL2017%2F17238-n4838-anglicana-w.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AW" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEverson2002" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Everson" title="Michael Everson">Everson, Michael</a>; et al. (March 20, 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2002/02141-n2419-uralic-phonetic.pdf">"L2/02-141: Uralic Phonetic Alphabet characters for the UCS"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Unicode.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180219081033/http://www.unicode.org/L2/L2002/02141-n2419-uralic-phonetic.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on February 19, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 15,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Unicode.org&rft.atitle=L2%2F02-141%3A+Uralic+Phonetic+Alphabet+characters+for+the+UCS&rft.date=2002-03-20&rft.aulast=Everson&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2FL2%2FL2002%2F02141-n2419-uralic-phonetic.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AW" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndersonEverson2004" class="citation web cs1">Anderson, Deborah; Everson, Michael (June 7, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2004/04191-n2788-laryngeals.pdf">"L2/04-191: Proposal to encode six Indo-Europeanist phonetic characters in the UCS"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Unicode.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171011014402/http://www.unicode.org/L2/L2004/04191-n2788-laryngeals.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on October 11, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 15,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Unicode.org&rft.atitle=L2%2F04-191%3A+Proposal+to+encode+six+Indo-Europeanist+phonetic+characters+in+the+UCS&rft.date=2004-06-07&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=Deborah&rft.au=Everson%2C+Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2FL2%2FL2004%2F04191-n2788-laryngeals.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AW" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-l219075-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-l219075_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEverson2019" class="citation web cs1">Everson, Michael (May 5, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2019/19075r-n5036-scots-phonetics.pdf">"L2/19-075R: Proposal to add six phonetic characters for Scots to the UCS"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190613190054/http://www.unicode.org/L2/L2019/19075r-n5036-scots-phonetics.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on June 13, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 17,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=L2%2F19-075R%3A+Proposal+to+add+six+phonetic+characters+for+Scots+to+the+UCS&rft.date=2019-05-05&rft.aulast=Everson&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2FL2%2FL2019%2F19075r-n5036-scots-phonetics.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AW" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 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class="extiw" title="wiktionary:w">w</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Latin_script" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Latin_script/main" title="Template:Latin script/main"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Latin_script/main" class="mw-redirect" title="Template talk:Latin script/main"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Latin_script/main" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Latin script/main"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Latin_script" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script">Latin script</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Latin_script" title="History of the Latin script">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spread_of_the_Latin_script" title="Spread of the Latin script">Spread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanization" title="Romanization">Romanization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_numerals" title="Roman numerals">Roman numerals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ligature_(writing)#Latin_alphabet" title="Ligature (writing)">Ligatures</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Latin-script_alphabet" title="Latin-script alphabet">Alphabets</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Latin-script_alphabets" title="List of Latin-script alphabets">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Classical_Latin_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Classical Latin alphabet">Classical Latin alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_basic_Latin_alphabet" title="ISO basic Latin alphabet">ISO basic Latin alphabet</a></li> <li>Phonetic alphabets <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">International Phonetic Alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X-SAMPA" title="X-SAMPA">X-SAMPA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spelling_alphabet" title="Spelling alphabet">Spelling alphabet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Letters (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Latin-script_letters" title="List of Latin-script letters">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <table style="margin: 0 -0.25em; width: 100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="26"><div style="width:100%; background:#e0e0e0;; text-align:center;">Letters of the <a href="/wiki/ISO_basic_Latin_alphabet" title="ISO basic Latin alphabet">ISO basic Latin alphabet</a></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/A" title="A">Aa</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/B" title="B">Bb</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/C" title="C">Cc</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/D" title="D">Dd</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/E" title="E">Ee</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/F" title="F">Ff</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/G" title="G">Gg</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/H" title="H">Hh</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/I" title="I">Ii</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/J" title="J">Jj</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/K" title="K">Kk</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/L" title="L">Ll</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/M" title="M">Mm </a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/N" title="N">Nn</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/O" title="O">Oo</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/P" title="P">Pp</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/Q" title="Q">Qq</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/R" title="R">Rr</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/S" title="S">Ss</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/T" title="T">Tt</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/U" title="U">Uu</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/V" title="V">Vv</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ww</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/X" title="X">Xx</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/Y" title="Y">Yy</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/Z" title="Z">Zz </a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="26"><div style="width:100%; background:#e0e0e0;; text-align:center;">Letter W with <a href="/wiki/Diacritic" title="Diacritic">diacritics</a></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/%E1%BA%82" title="Ẃ">Ẃẃ</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/%E1%BA%80" class="mw-redirect" title="Ẁ">Ẁẁ</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/%C5%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="Ŵ">Ŵŵ</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/%E1%BA%84" class="mw-redirect" title="Ẅ">Ẅẅ</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/%E1%BA%86" class="mw-redirect" title="Ẇ">Ẇẇ</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/%E1%BA%88" class="mw-redirect" title="Ẉ">Ẉẉ</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%9F%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ꟃ (page does not exist)">Ꟃꟃ</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/W%CC%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="W̊">W̊ẘ</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/%E2%B1%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="Ⱳ">Ⱳⱳ</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Latin-script_multigraph" title="Latin-script multigraph">Multigraphs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Latin-script_digraphs" title="List of Latin-script digraphs">Digraphs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ch_(digraph)" title="Ch (digraph)">Ch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dz_(digraph)" title="Dz (digraph)">Dz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C5%BE" title="Dž">Dž</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gh_(digraph)" title="Gh (digraph)">Gh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IJ_(digraph)" title="IJ (digraph)">IJ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lj_(digraph)" title="Lj (digraph)">Lj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ll" title="Ll">Ll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_ly" title="Hungarian ly">Ly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nh_(digraph)" title="Nh (digraph)">Nh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nj_(digraph)" title="Nj (digraph)">Nj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ny_(digraph)" title="Ny (digraph)">Ny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh_(digraph)" title="Sh (digraph)">Sh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sz_(digraph)" title="Sz (digraph)">Sz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th_(digraph)" title="Th (digraph)">Th</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Latin-script_trigraphs" title="List of Latin-script trigraphs">Trigraphs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_dzs" class="mw-redirect" title="Hungarian dzs">dzs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eau_(trigraph)" title="Eau (trigraph)">eau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Latin-script_tetragraphs" title="List of Latin-script tetragraphs">Tetragraphs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ough_(orthography)" title="Ough (orthography)">ough</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Latin-script_pentagraphs" title="List of Latin-script pentagraphs">Pentagraphs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Tzsch" class="mw-redirect" title="Tzsch">tzsch</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Keyboard layouts (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Latin-script_keyboard_layouts" title="List of Latin-script keyboard layouts">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/QWERTY" title="QWERTY">QWERTY</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QWERTZ" title="QWERTZ">QWERTZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AZERTY" title="AZERTY">AZERTY</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dvorak_keyboard_layout" title="Dvorak keyboard layout">Dvorak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colemak" title="Colemak">Colemak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%89PO" title="BÉPO">BÉPO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo_(keyboard_layout)" title="Neo (keyboard layout)">Neo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical Standards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_646" title="ISO/IEC 646">ISO/IEC 646</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Latin_character_sets_(computing)" title="Western Latin character sets (computing)">Western Latin character sets</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current Standards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_script_in_Unicode" title="Latin script in Unicode">Unicode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DIN_91379" title="DIN 91379">DIN 91379: Unicode subset for Europe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_precomposed_Latin_characters_in_Unicode" title="List of precomposed Latin characters in Unicode">Precomposed Latin characters in Unicode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_letters_used_in_mathematics" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin letters used in mathematics">Letters used in mathematics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_typographical_symbols_and_punctuation_marks" title="List of typographical symbols and punctuation marks">List of typographical symbols and punctuation marks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diacritic" title="Diacritic">Diacritics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palaeography" title="Palaeography">Palaeography</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    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