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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Primary_care" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Primary_care"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Primary care</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Primary_care-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Secondary_care" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Secondary_care"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Secondary care</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Secondary_care-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tertiary_care" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tertiary_care"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Tertiary care</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tertiary_care-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Quaternary_care" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Quaternary_care"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Quaternary care</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Quaternary_care-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Home_and_community_care" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Home_and_community_care"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Home and community care</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Home_and_community_care-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ratings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ratings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Ratings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ratings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Access_to_health_care" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Access_to_health_care"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Access to health care</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Access_to_health_care-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Related_sectors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Related_sectors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Related sectors</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Related_sectors-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Related sectors subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Related_sectors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Health_system" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health_system"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Health system</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Health_system-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Industry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Industry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Industry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Industry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Research" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Research"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Research</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Research-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Financing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Financing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Financing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Financing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administration_and_regulation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administration_and_regulation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Administration and regulation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administration_and_regulation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Health_information_technology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health_information_technology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Health information technology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Health_information_technology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Health care</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 69 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-69" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">69 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%B5%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="رعاية صحية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="رعاية صحية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asistencia_sanitaria" title="Asistencia sanitaria – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Asistencia sanitaria" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C9%99hiyy%C9%99" title="Səhiyyə – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Səhiyyə" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE" title="স্বাস্থ্যসেবা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="স্বাস্থ্যসেবা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%9E%D1%8F" title="Ахова здароўя – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ахова здароўя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%9E%D1%8F" title="Ахова здароўя – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Ахова здароўя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Здравеопазване – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Здравеопазване" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D2%AF%D2%AF%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Элүүрые хамгаалга – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Элүүрые хамгаалга" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assist%C3%A8ncia_sanit%C3%A0ria" title="Assistència sanitària – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Assistència sanitària" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zdravotnictv%C3%AD" title="Zdravotnictví – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Zdravotnictví" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gesundheitsversorgung" title="Gesundheitsversorgung – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Gesundheitsversorgung" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tervishoid" title="Tervishoid – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Tervishoid" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A6%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%B4%CE%B1_%CF%85%CE%B3%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Φροντίδα υγείας – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Φροντίδα υγείας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asistencia_sanitaria" title="Asistencia sanitaria – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Asistencia sanitaria" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sansistemo" title="Sansistemo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Sansistemo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osasun-laguntza" title="Osasun-laguntza – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Osasun-laguntza" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%A8%D8%AA_%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%AA" title="مراقبت سلامت – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مراقبت سلامت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soins_de_sant%C3%A9" title="Soins de santé – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Soins de santé" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asistencia_sanitaria" title="Asistencia sanitaria – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Asistencia sanitaria" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y%C3%AE-li%C3%A0u_v%C3%AD-s%C3%A2ng" title="Yî-liàu ví-sâng – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Yî-liàu ví-sâng" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%98%EB%A3%8C" title="의료 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="의료" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kula_da_lafiya" title="Kula da lafiya – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Kula da lafiya" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%BC%D5%B8%D5%B2%D5%BB%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%B0%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Առողջապահություն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Առողջապահություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE" title="स्वास्थ्य सेवा – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="स्वास्थ्य सेवा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zdravstvena_za%C5%A1tita" title="Zdravstvena zaštita – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Zdravstvena zaštita" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flegado" title="Flegado – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Flegado" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nlek%E1%BB%8Dta_ah%E1%BB%A5ike_ma_%E1%BB%8D" title="Nlekọta ahụike ma ọ – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Nlekọta ahụike ma ọ" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelayanan_kesehatan" title="Pelayanan kesehatan – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pelayanan kesehatan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assistenza_sanitaria" title="Assistenza sanitaria – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Assistenza sanitaria" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA%D7%99_%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%90%D7%95%D7%AA" title="שירותי בריאות – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שירותי בריאות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D1%81%D0%B0%D2%9B%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%83" title="Денсаулық сақтау – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Денсаулық сақтау" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vesel%C4%ABbas_apr%C5%ABpe" title="Veselības aprūpe – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Veselības aprūpe" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Здравствена заштита – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Здравствена заштита" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fitsaboana" title="Fitsaboana – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fitsaboana" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%86%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%82" title="ആരോഗ്യ സംരക്ഷണം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ആരോഗ്യ സംരക്ഷണം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penjagaan_kesihatan" title="Penjagaan kesihatan – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Penjagaan kesihatan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bula_qaravi" title="Bula qaravi – Fijian" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Bula qaravi" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fijian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gezondheidszorg" title="Gezondheidszorg – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Gezondheidszorg" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%BB%E7%99%82" title="医療 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="医療" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helsevesen" title="Helsevesen – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Helsevesen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sog%CA%BBliqni_saqlash" title="Sogʻliqni saqlash – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Sogʻliqni saqlash" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%A4_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B2" title="ਸਿਹਤ ਸੰਭਾਲ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸਿਹਤ ਸੰਭਾਲ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D8%AD%D8%AA_%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D8%AF%DB%8C%DA%A9%DA%BE_%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%DA%BE" title="صحت دی دیکھ ریکھ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="صحت دی دیکھ ریکھ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%BA%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%8A_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%87" title="روغتيايي پاملرنه – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="روغتيايي پاملرنه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opieka_zdrowotna" title="Opieka zdrowotna – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Opieka zdrowotna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assist%C3%AAncia_m%C3%A9dica" title="Assistência médica – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Assistência médica" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asisten%C8%9B%C4%83_medical%C4%83" title="Asistență medicală – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Asistență medicală" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Здравоохранение – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Здравоохранение" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kujdesi_sh%C3%ABndet%C3%ABsor" title="Kujdesi shëndetësor – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kujdesi shëndetësor" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%9E%E0%B6%9B%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA_%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%9A%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%8F" title="සෞඛ්‍ය සේවා – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="සෞඛ්‍ය සේවා" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Healthcare" title="Healthcare – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Healthcare" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zdravotn%C3%ADctvo" title="Zdravotníctvo – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Zdravotníctvo" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zdravstveno_varstvo" title="Zdravstveno varstvo – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Zdravstveno varstvo" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%AF%DB%8E%D8%B1%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D8%AA%DB%95%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="چاودێریی تەندروستی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="چاودێریی تەندروستی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Здравствена заштита – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Здравствена заштита" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zdravstvena_za%C5%A1tita" title="Zdravstvena zaštita – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Zdravstvena zaštita" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terveydenhuolto" title="Terveydenhuolto – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Terveydenhuolto" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A4lso-_och_sjukv%C3%A5rd" title="Hälso- och sjukvård – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Hälso- och sjukvård" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pangangalagang_pangkalusugan" title="Pangangalagang pangkalusugan – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Pangangalagang pangkalusugan" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%A3%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="நலம் பேணல் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நலம் பேணல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E" title="บริการสุขภาพ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="บริการสุขภาพ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sa%C4%9Fl%C4%B1k_hizmetleri" title="Sağlık hizmetleri – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Sağlık hizmetleri" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%27%D1%8F" title="Охорона здоров'я – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Охорона здоров'я" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D9%86%DA%AF%DB%81%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AA" title="طبی نگہداشت – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="طبی نگہداشت" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y_t%E1%BA%BF" title="Y tế – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Y tế" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagmangno_hin_panlawas" title="Pagmangno hin panlawas – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Pagmangno hin panlawas" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%9C%D7%98_%D7%A7%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%A8" title="העלט קעיר – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="העלט קעיר" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%81%A5%E5%BA%B7%E8%AD%B7%E7%90%86" title="健康護理 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="健康護理" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%86%AB%E7%99%82%E4%BF%9D%E5%81%A5" title="醫療保健 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="醫療保健" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q31207#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Health_care" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" 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.hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Health_care_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Health care (disambiguation)">Health care (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Global_physician_density_map_-_WHO_2010.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Global_physician_density_map_-_WHO_2010.png/350px-Global_physician_density_map_-_WHO_2010.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Global_physician_density_map_-_WHO_2010.png/525px-Global_physician_density_map_-_WHO_2010.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Global_physician_density_map_-_WHO_2010.png/700px-Global_physician_density_map_-_WHO_2010.png 2x" data-file-width="940" data-file-height="470" /></a><figcaption>Global concentrations of health care resources, as depicted by the number of physicians per 10,000 individuals, by country. Data is sourced from a World Health Statistics 2010, a <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">WHO</a> report.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The text near this tag is dated. (April 2022)">needs update</span></a></i>]</sup></figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:354px;max-width:354px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:352px;max-width:352px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hospital-beds-per-1000-people.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Hospital-beds-per-1000-people.png/350px-Hospital-beds-per-1000-people.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="205" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Hospital-beds-per-1000-people.png/525px-Hospital-beds-per-1000-people.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Hospital-beds-per-1000-people.png/700px-Hospital-beds-per-1000-people.png 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="1799" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:352px;max-width:352px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NewYorkPresbyterian-Cornell.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/NewYorkPresbyterian-Cornell.jpg/350px-NewYorkPresbyterian-Cornell.jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="257" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/NewYorkPresbyterian-Cornell.jpg/525px-NewYorkPresbyterian-Cornell.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/NewYorkPresbyterian-Cornell.jpg/700px-NewYorkPresbyterian-Cornell.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="587" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Graphic of hospital beds per 1,000 people globally in 2013, at top;<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/NewYork-Presbyterian_Hospital" title="NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital">NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>, a hub for health care and <a href="/wiki/Life_sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Life sciences">life sciences</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-NYCHealthCareLifeSciencesHub_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYCHealthCareLifeSciencesHub-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is one of the world's busiest <a href="/wiki/Hospital" title="Hospital">hospitals</a>, below. Pictured is its <a href="/wiki/Weill_Cornell_Medical_Center" title="Weill Cornell Medical Center">Weill Cornell</a> facility (white complex at the center).</div></div></div></div></div> <p><b>Health care</b>, or <b>healthcare</b>, is the improvement of <a href="/wiki/Health" title="Health">health</a> via the <a href="/wiki/Preventive_healthcare" title="Preventive healthcare">prevention</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diagnosis" title="Diagnosis">diagnosis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Therapy" title="Therapy">treatment</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/amelioration" class="extiw" title="wikt:amelioration">amelioration</a> or <a href="/wiki/Cure" title="Cure">cure</a> of <a href="/wiki/Disease" title="Disease">disease</a>, <a href="/wiki/Illness" class="mw-redirect" title="Illness">illness</a>, <a href="/wiki/Injury" title="Injury">injury</a>, and other <a href="/wiki/Disability" title="Disability">physical and mental impairments</a> in people. Health care is delivered by <a href="/wiki/Health_professional" title="Health professional">health professionals</a> and <a href="/wiki/Allied_health_professions" title="Allied health professions">allied health fields</a>. <a href="/wiki/Medicine" title="Medicine">Medicine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dentistry" title="Dentistry">dentistry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pharmacy" title="Pharmacy">pharmacy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Midwifery" title="Midwifery">midwifery</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nursing" title="Nursing">nursing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Optometry" title="Optometry">optometry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Audiology" title="Audiology">audiology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Psychology" title="Psychology">psychology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Occupational_therapy" title="Occupational therapy">occupational therapy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Physical_therapy" title="Physical therapy">physical therapy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Athletic_training" title="Athletic training">athletic training</a>, and other <a href="/wiki/Health_profession" class="mw-redirect" title="Health profession">health professions</a> all constitute health care. The term includes work done in providing <a href="/wiki/Primary_care" title="Primary care">primary care</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/secondary_care" class="extiw" title="wikt:secondary care">secondary care</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tertiary_care" class="mw-redirect" title="Tertiary care">tertiary care</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Public_health" title="Public health">public health</a>. </p><p>Access to healthcare may vary across countries, communities, and individuals, influenced by social and economic conditions and <a href="/wiki/Health_policy" title="Health policy">health policies</a>. Providing health care services means "the timely use of personal health services to achieve the best possible health outcomes".<sup id="cite_ref-NAP2009_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NAP2009-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Factors to consider in terms of healthcare access include financial limitations (such as insurance coverage), <a href="/wiki/Geography" title="Geography">geographical</a> and <a href="/wiki/Logistics" title="Logistics">logistical</a> barriers (such as additional transportation costs and the ability to take paid time off work to use such services), <a href="/wiki/Sociocultural" title="Sociocultural">sociocultural</a> expectations, and personal limitations (lack of ability to communicate with health care providers, poor <a href="/wiki/Health_literacy" title="Health literacy">health literacy</a>, low income).<sup id="cite_ref-RHI2021_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RHI2021-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Limitations to health care services affect negatively the use of medical services, the efficacy of treatments, and overall outcome (well-being, mortality rates). </p><p><a href="/wiki/Health_system" title="Health system">Health systems</a> are the <a href="/wiki/Organization" title="Organization">organizations</a> established to meet the health needs of targeted populations. According to the <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a> (WHO), a well-functioning healthcare system requires a financing mechanism, a well-trained and adequately paid <a href="/wiki/Health_Human_Resources" class="mw-redirect" title="Health Human Resources">workforce</a>, reliable information on which to base decisions and <a href="/wiki/Health_policy" title="Health policy">policies</a>, and well-maintained <a href="/wiki/Health_facilities" class="mw-redirect" title="Health facilities">health facilities</a> to deliver quality medicines and technologies. </p><p>An efficient healthcare system can contribute to a significant part of a country's <a href="/wiki/Economic_system" title="Economic system">economy</a>, development, and <a href="/wiki/Industrialization" class="mw-redirect" title="Industrialization">industrialization</a>. Health care is an important determinant in promoting the general <a href="/wiki/Physical_health" class="mw-redirect" title="Physical health">physical</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mental_health" title="Mental health">mental health</a> and <a href="/wiki/Well-being" title="Well-being">well-being</a> of people around the world.<sup id="cite_ref-WHO_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHO-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An example of this was the worldwide <a href="/wiki/Eradication_of_infectious_diseases" title="Eradication of infectious diseases">eradication</a> of <a href="/wiki/Smallpox" title="Smallpox">smallpox</a> in 1980, declared by the WHO, as the first <a href="/wiki/Disease" title="Disease">disease</a> in human history to be eliminated by deliberate healthcare interventions.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Delivery">Delivery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Health_care&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Delivery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Health_professionals" class="mw-redirect" title="Health professionals">Health professionals</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jericho_Health_Centre_20050326.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Jericho_Health_Centre_20050326.jpg/220px-Jericho_Health_Centre_20050326.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Jericho_Health_Centre_20050326.jpg/330px-Jericho_Health_Centre_20050326.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Jericho_Health_Centre_20050326.jpg/440px-Jericho_Health_Centre_20050326.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1760" data-file-height="1168" /></a><figcaption>Primary care may be provided in community health centers.</figcaption></figure> <p>The delivery of modern health care depends on groups of trained <a href="/wiki/Professional" title="Professional">professionals</a> and <a href="/wiki/Paraprofessional" title="Paraprofessional">paraprofessionals</a> coming together as <a href="/wiki/Interdisciplinary_team" class="mw-redirect" title="Interdisciplinary team">interdisciplinary teams</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-USDL_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USDL-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This includes professionals in <a href="/wiki/Medicine" title="Medicine">medicine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Psychology" title="Psychology">psychology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Physiotherapy" class="mw-redirect" title="Physiotherapy">physiotherapy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nursing" title="Nursing">nursing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dentistry" title="Dentistry">dentistry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Midwifery" title="Midwifery">midwifery</a> and <a href="/wiki/Allied_health" class="mw-redirect" title="Allied health">allied health</a>, along with many others such as <a href="/wiki/Public_health" title="Public health">public health practitioners</a>, <a href="/wiki/Community_health_worker" title="Community health worker">community health workers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Unlicensed_assistive_personnel" title="Unlicensed assistive personnel">assistive personnel</a>, who systematically provide personal and population-based preventive, curative and <a href="/wiki/Physical_medicine_and_rehabilitation" title="Physical medicine and rehabilitation">rehabilitative</a> care services.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>While the definitions of the various types of health care vary depending on the different <a href="/wiki/Culture" title="Culture">cultural</a>, political, organizational, and disciplinary perspectives, there appears to be some consensus that primary care constitutes the first element of a continuing health care process and may also include the provision of secondary and tertiary levels of care.<sup id="cite_ref-Cookie_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cookie-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Health care can be defined as either <a href="/wiki/Public_health_care" class="mw-redirect" title="Public health care">public</a> or <a href="/wiki/Private_healthcare_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Private healthcare in the United Kingdom">private</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:FEMA_-_18213_-_Photograph_by_Robert_Kaufmann_taken_on_10-25-2005_in_Louisiana.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/FEMA_-_18213_-_Photograph_by_Robert_Kaufmann_taken_on_10-25-2005_in_Louisiana.jpg/220px-FEMA_-_18213_-_Photograph_by_Robert_Kaufmann_taken_on_10-25-2005_in_Louisiana.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/FEMA_-_18213_-_Photograph_by_Robert_Kaufmann_taken_on_10-25-2005_in_Louisiana.jpg/330px-FEMA_-_18213_-_Photograph_by_Robert_Kaufmann_taken_on_10-25-2005_in_Louisiana.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/FEMA_-_18213_-_Photograph_by_Robert_Kaufmann_taken_on_10-25-2005_in_Louisiana.jpg/440px-FEMA_-_18213_-_Photograph_by_Robert_Kaufmann_taken_on_10-25-2005_in_Louisiana.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3300" data-file-height="2200" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Emergency_room" class="mw-redirect" title="Emergency room">emergency room</a> is often a frontline venue for the delivery of primary medical care.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Primary_care">Primary care</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Health_care&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Primary care"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Primary_care" title="Primary care">Primary care</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Primary_health_care" title="Primary health care">Primary health care</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ambulatory_care" title="Ambulatory care">Ambulatory care</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Urgent_care" class="mw-redirect" title="Urgent care">Urgent care</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Terapevt_Mudrov_train.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Terapevt_Mudrov_train.JPG/220px-Terapevt_Mudrov_train.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Terapevt_Mudrov_train.JPG/330px-Terapevt_Mudrov_train.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Terapevt_Mudrov_train.JPG/440px-Terapevt_Mudrov_train.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Hospital_train" title="Hospital train">Hospital train</a> "Therapist Matvei Mudrov" in <a href="/wiki/Khabarovsk" title="Khabarovsk">Khabarovsk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Primary care</b> refers to the work of <a href="/wiki/Health_professionals" class="mw-redirect" title="Health professionals">health professionals</a> who act as a first point of consultation for all <a href="/wiki/Patients" class="mw-redirect" title="Patients">patients</a> within the <a href="/wiki/Health_care_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Health care system">health care system</a>. The primary care model supports first-contact, accessible, continuous, comprehensive and coordinated person-focused care.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Such a professional would usually be a <a href="/wiki/Primary_care_physician" title="Primary care physician">primary care physician</a>, such as a <a href="/wiki/General_practitioner" title="General practitioner">general practitioner</a> or <a href="/wiki/Family_medicine" title="Family medicine">family physician</a>. Another professional would be a licensed independent practitioner such as a <a href="/wiki/Physiotherapist" class="mw-redirect" title="Physiotherapist">physiotherapist</a>, or a non-physician primary care provider such as a <a href="/wiki/Physician_assistant" title="Physician assistant">physician assistant</a> or <a href="/wiki/Nurse_practitioner" title="Nurse practitioner">nurse practitioner</a>. Depending on the locality and health system organization, the patient may see another health care professional first, such as a <a href="/wiki/Pharmacist" title="Pharmacist">pharmacist</a> or <a href="/wiki/Nurse" class="mw-redirect" title="Nurse">nurse</a>. Depending on the nature of the health condition, <a href="/wiki/Patient" title="Patient">patients</a> may be <a href="/wiki/Referral_(medicine)" title="Referral (medicine)">referred</a> for secondary or tertiary care.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Primary care is often used as the term for the health care services that play a role in the local community. It can be provided in different settings, such as <a href="/wiki/Urgent_care" class="mw-redirect" title="Urgent care">Urgent care</a> centers that provide same-day appointments or services on a walk-in basis.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Primary care involves the widest scope of health care, including all ages of patients, patients of all <a href="/wiki/Socioeconomic" class="mw-redirect" title="Socioeconomic">socioeconomic</a> and geographic origins, patients seeking to maintain optimal <a href="/wiki/Health" title="Health">health</a>, and patients with all types of acute and chronic physical, <a href="/wiki/Mental_health" title="Mental health">mental</a> and social health issues, including <a href="/wiki/Polypharmacy" title="Polypharmacy">multiple chronic diseases</a>. Consequently, a primary care practitioner must possess a wide breadth of knowledge in many areas. <a href="/wiki/Transitional_care#continuity" title="Transitional care">Continuity</a> is a key characteristic of primary care, as patients usually prefer to consult the same practitioner for routine check-ups and <a href="/wiki/Preventive_medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="Preventive medicine">preventive care</a>, <a href="/wiki/Health_education" title="Health education">health education</a>, and every time they require an initial consultation about a new health problem. The <a href="/wiki/International_Classification_of_Primary_Care" title="International Classification of Primary Care">International Classification of Primary Care</a> (ICPC) is a standardized tool for understanding and analyzing information on interventions in primary care based on the reason for the patient's visit.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Common chronic illnesses usually treated in primary care may include, for example, <a href="/wiki/Hypertension" title="Hypertension">hypertension</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diabetes_mellitus" class="mw-redirect" title="Diabetes mellitus">diabetes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asthma" title="Asthma">asthma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chronic_obstructive_pulmonary_disease" title="Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease">COPD</a>, <a href="/wiki/Major_depressive_disorder" title="Major depressive disorder">depression</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anxiety_disorder" title="Anxiety disorder">anxiety</a>, <a href="/wiki/Back_pain" title="Back pain">back pain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Osteoarthritis" title="Osteoarthritis">arthritis</a> or <a href="/wiki/Thyroid_disease" title="Thyroid disease">thyroid dysfunction</a>. Primary care also includes many basic <a href="/wiki/Maternal_health" title="Maternal health">maternal</a> and child health care services, such as <a href="/wiki/Family_planning" title="Family planning">family planning</a> services and <a href="/wiki/Vaccination" title="Vaccination">vaccinations</a>. In the United States, the 2013 <a href="/wiki/National_Health_Interview_Survey" title="National Health Interview Survey">National Health Interview Survey</a> found that skin disorders (42.7%), osteoarthritis and joint disorders (33.6%), back problems (23.9%), disorders of lipid metabolism (22.4%), and upper respiratory tract disease (22.1%, excluding asthma) were the most common reasons for accessing a physician.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the United States, primary care physicians have begun to deliver primary care outside of the managed care (insurance-billing) system through <a href="/wiki/Direct_primary_care" title="Direct primary care">direct primary care</a> which is a subset of the more familiar <a href="/wiki/Concierge_medicine" title="Concierge medicine">concierge medicine</a>. Physicians in this model bill patients directly for services, either on a pre-paid monthly, quarterly, or annual basis, or bill for each service in the office. Examples of direct primary care practices include <a href="/wiki/Foundation_Health" class="mw-redirect" title="Foundation Health">Foundation Health</a> in Colorado and <a href="/wiki/Qliance" title="Qliance">Qliance</a> in Washington.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In the context of global <a href="/wiki/Population_aging" class="mw-redirect" title="Population aging">population aging</a>, with increasing numbers of older adults at greater risk of chronic <a href="/wiki/Non-communicable_disease" title="Non-communicable disease">non-communicable diseases</a>, rapidly increasing demand for primary care services is expected in both developed and developing countries.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a> attributes the provision of essential primary care as an integral component of an inclusive <a href="/wiki/Primary_health_care" title="Primary health care">primary health care</a> strategy.<sup id="cite_ref-Cookie_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cookie-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Secondary_care">Secondary care</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Health_care&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Secondary care"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aerial-Picture-of-Jackson-e1445995779731.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Aerial-Picture-of-Jackson-e1445995779731.jpg/240px-Aerial-Picture-of-Jackson-e1445995779731.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Aerial-Picture-of-Jackson-e1445995779731.jpg/360px-Aerial-Picture-of-Jackson-e1445995779731.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Aerial-Picture-of-Jackson-e1445995779731.jpg/480px-Aerial-Picture-of-Jackson-e1445995779731.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2589" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jackson_Memorial_Hospital" title="Jackson Memorial Hospital">Jackson Memorial Hospital</a> in <a href="/wiki/Miami" title="Miami">Miami</a>, the primary teaching hospital of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Miami" title="University of Miami">University of Miami</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Miller_School_of_Medicine" title="Miller School of Medicine">Miller School of Medicine</a> and the largest hospital in the United States with 1,547 beds<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Secondary care</b> includes <a href="/wiki/Acute_care" title="Acute care">acute care</a>: necessary treatment for a short period of time for a brief but serious illness, injury, or other health condition. This care is often found in a <a href="/wiki/Hospital" title="Hospital">hospital</a> <a href="/wiki/Emergency_department" title="Emergency department">emergency department</a>. Secondary care also includes skilled attendance during <a href="/wiki/Childbirth" title="Childbirth">childbirth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Intensive_care_medicine" title="Intensive care medicine">intensive care</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Medical_imaging" title="Medical imaging">medical imaging</a> services.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The term "secondary care" is sometimes used synonymously with "hospital care". However, many secondary care providers, such as <a href="/wiki/Psychiatrists" class="mw-redirect" title="Psychiatrists">psychiatrists</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clinical_psychology" title="Clinical psychology">clinical psychologists</a>, <a href="/wiki/Occupational_therapists" class="mw-redirect" title="Occupational therapists">occupational therapists</a>, most <a href="/wiki/Dental_specialties" class="mw-redirect" title="Dental specialties">dental specialties</a> or <a href="/wiki/Physiotherapist" class="mw-redirect" title="Physiotherapist">physiotherapists</a>, do not necessarily work in hospitals. Some primary care services are delivered within hospitals. Depending on the organization and policies of the national health system, patients may be required to see a primary care provider for a <a href="/wiki/Referral_(medicine)" title="Referral (medicine)">referral</a> before they can access secondary care.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In countries that operate under a <a href="/wiki/Mixed_market" class="mw-redirect" title="Mixed market">mixed market</a> health care system, some <a href="/wiki/Physician" title="Physician">physicians</a> limit their practice to secondary care by requiring patients to see a primary care provider first. This restriction may be imposed under the terms of the payment agreements in private or group <a href="/wiki/Health_insurance" title="Health insurance">health insurance</a> plans. In other cases, <a href="/wiki/Medical_specialty" title="Medical specialty">medical specialists</a> may see patients without a referral, and patients may decide whether self-referral is preferred.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In other countries patient self-referral to a <a href="/wiki/Medical_specialist" class="mw-redirect" title="Medical specialist">medical specialist</a> for secondary care is rare as prior referral from another physician (either a primary care physician or another specialist) is considered necessary, regardless of whether the funding is from <a href="/wiki/Health_insurance" title="Health insurance">private insurance schemes</a> or <a href="/wiki/National_health_insurance" title="National health insurance">national health insurance</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Allied_health_professions" title="Allied health professions">Allied health professionals</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Physical_therapy" title="Physical therapy">physical therapists</a>, <a href="/wiki/Respiratory_therapists" class="mw-redirect" title="Respiratory therapists">respiratory therapists</a>, <a href="/wiki/Occupational_therapist" title="Occupational therapist">occupational therapists</a>, <a href="/wiki/Speech_and_language_pathology" class="mw-redirect" title="Speech and language pathology">speech therapists</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Dietitians" class="mw-redirect" title="Dietitians">dietitians</a>, also generally work in secondary care, accessed through either patient self-referral or through physician referral.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tertiary_care">Tertiary care</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Health_care&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Tertiary care"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NationalNeurologyHospital.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/NationalNeurologyHospital.jpg/240px-NationalNeurologyHospital.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/NationalNeurologyHospital.jpg/360px-NationalNeurologyHospital.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/NationalNeurologyHospital.jpg/480px-NationalNeurologyHospital.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/National_Hospital_for_Neurology_and_Neurosurgery" title="National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery">National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery</a> in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> is a specialist neurological hospital.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Tertiary care</b> is specialized consultative health care, usually for <a href="/wiki/Inpatient" class="mw-redirect" title="Inpatient">inpatients</a> and on referral from a primary or secondary health professional, in a facility that has personnel and facilities for advanced <a href="/wiki/Medicine" title="Medicine">medical</a> investigation and treatment, such as a <a href="/wiki/Tertiary_referral_hospital" title="Tertiary referral hospital">tertiary referral hospital</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Examples of tertiary care services are <a href="/wiki/Cancer" title="Cancer">cancer</a> management, <a href="/wiki/Neurosurgery" title="Neurosurgery">neurosurgery</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cardiac_surgery" title="Cardiac surgery">cardiac surgery</a>, <a href="/wiki/Plastic_surgery" title="Plastic surgery">plastic surgery</a>, treatment for severe <a href="/wiki/Burn" title="Burn">burns</a>, advanced <a href="/wiki/Neonatology" title="Neonatology">neonatology</a> services, palliative, and other complex medical and surgical interventions.<sup id="cite_ref-Emory_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Emory-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Quaternary_care">Quaternary care</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Health_care&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Quaternary care"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The term <b>quaternary care</b> is sometimes used as an extension of tertiary care in reference to advanced levels of medicine which are highly <a href="/wiki/Medical_specialist" class="mw-redirect" title="Medical specialist">specialized</a> and not widely accessed. <a href="/wiki/Clinical_research" title="Clinical research">Experimental medicine</a> and some types of uncommon <a href="/wiki/Diagnosis" title="Diagnosis">diagnostic</a> or <a href="/wiki/Surgery" title="Surgery">surgical</a> procedures are considered quaternary care. These services are usually only offered in a limited number of regional or national health care centers.<sup id="cite_ref-Emory_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Emory-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Home_and_community_care">Home and community care</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Health_care&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Home and community care"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Public_health" title="Public health">Public health</a></div> <p>Many types of health care interventions are delivered outside of health facilities. They include many interventions of <a href="/wiki/Public_health" title="Public health">public health</a> interest, such as <a href="/wiki/Food_safety" title="Food safety">food safety</a> surveillance, distribution of <a href="/wiki/Condom" title="Condom">condoms</a> and <a href="/wiki/Needle-exchange_programme" class="mw-redirect" title="Needle-exchange programme">needle-exchange programs</a> for the prevention of transmissible diseases.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>They also include the services of professionals in residential and community settings in support of <a href="/wiki/Self-care" title="Self-care">self-care</a>, <a href="/wiki/Home_care" title="Home care">home care</a>, <a href="/wiki/Long-term_care" title="Long-term care">long-term care</a>, <a href="/wiki/Assisted_living" title="Assisted living">assisted living</a>, treatment for <a href="/wiki/Substance_use_disorder" title="Substance use disorder">substance use disorders</a> among other types of health and social care services.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Community <a href="/wiki/Physical_therapy" title="Physical therapy">rehabilitation</a> services can assist with mobility and independence after the loss of limbs or loss of function. This can include <a href="/wiki/Prosthesis" title="Prosthesis">prostheses</a>, <a href="/wiki/Orthotics" title="Orthotics">orthotics</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Wheelchair" title="Wheelchair">wheelchairs</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Many countries are dealing with aging populations, so one of the priorities of the health care system is to help seniors live full, independent lives in the comfort of their own homes. There is an entire section of health care geared to providing seniors with help in day-to-day activities at home such as transportation to and from doctor's appointments along with many other activities that are essential for their health and well-being. Although they provide home care for older adults in cooperation, family members and care workers may harbor diverging attitudes and values towards their joint efforts. This state of affairs presents a challenge for the design of ICT (information and communication technology) for home care.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Because statistics show that over 80 million Americans have taken time off of their primary employment to care for a loved one,<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> many countries have begun offering programs such as the Consumer Directed Personal Assistant Program to allow family members to take care of their loved ones without giving up their entire income.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>With obesity in children rapidly becoming a major concern, health services often set up programs in schools aimed at educating children about nutritional eating habits, making physical education a requirement and teaching young adolescents to have a positive self-image.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ratings">Ratings</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Health_care&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Ratings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Health_care_ratings" title="Health care ratings">Health care ratings</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Health_care_ratings" title="Health care ratings">Health care ratings</a> are ratings or <a href="/wiki/Evaluation" title="Evaluation">evaluations</a> of health care used to evaluate the process of care and health care structures and/or outcomes of health care services. This information is translated into report cards that are generated by quality organizations, nonprofit, consumer groups and media. This evaluation of quality is based on measures of:<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Health_plan" class="mw-redirect" title="Health plan">health plan</a> quality</li> <li>hospital quality</li> <li>of <a href="/wiki/Patient_experience" title="Patient experience">patient experience</a></li> <li>physician quality</li> <li>quality for other health professionals</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Access_to_health_care">Access to health care</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Health_care&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Access to health care"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Health_equity" title="Health equity">Health equity</a></div> <p>Access to healthcare may vary across countries, communities, and individuals, influenced by social and economic conditions as well as <a href="/wiki/Health_policy" title="Health policy">health policies</a>. Providing health care services means "the timely use of personal health services to achieve the best possible health outcomes".<sup id="cite_ref-NAP2009_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NAP2009-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Factors to consider in terms of healthcare access include financial limitations (such as insurance coverage), <a href="/wiki/Geography" title="Geography">geographical</a> and <a href="/wiki/Logistics" title="Logistics">logistical</a> barriers (such as additional transportation costs and the ability to take paid time off work to use such services), <a href="/wiki/Sociocultural" title="Sociocultural">sociocultural</a> expectations, and personal limitations (lack of ability to communicate with health care providers, poor <a href="/wiki/Health_literacy" title="Health literacy">health literacy</a>, low income).<sup id="cite_ref-RHI2021_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RHI2021-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Limitations to health care services affects negatively the use of medical services, the efficacy of treatments, and overall outcome (well-being, mortality rates).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Related_sectors">Related sectors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Health_care&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Related sectors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Health care extends beyond the delivery of services to patients, encompassing many related sectors, and is set within a bigger picture of financing and governance structures. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Health_system">Health system</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Health_care&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Health system"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Health_system" title="Health system">Health system</a> and <a href="/wiki/Health_care_systems_by_country" title="Health care systems by country">Health care systems by country</a></div> <p>A <b>health system</b>, also sometimes referred to as <b>health care system</b> or <b>healthcare system</b>, is the organization of people, institutions, and resources that deliver health care services to populations in need.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Industry">Industry</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Health_care&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Industry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Healthcare_industry" title="Healthcare industry">Healthcare industry</a> and <a href="/wiki/Health_economics" title="Health economics">Health economics</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Healthcare_industry" title="Healthcare industry">healthcare industry</a> incorporates several sectors that are dedicated to providing health care services and products. As a basic framework for defining the sector, the United Nations' <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Industrial_Classification" title="International Standard Industrial Classification">International Standard Industrial Classification</a> categorizes health care as generally consisting of hospital activities, medical and dental practice activities, and "other human health activities." The last class involves activities of, or under the supervision of, nurses, midwives, physiotherapists, scientific or diagnostic laboratories, pathology clinics, residential health facilities, patient advocates<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or other <a href="/wiki/Allied_health_professions" title="Allied health professions">allied health professions</a>. </p><p>In addition, according to industry and market classifications, such as the <a href="/wiki/Global_Industry_Classification_Standard" title="Global Industry Classification Standard">Global Industry Classification Standard</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Industry_Classification_Benchmark" title="Industry Classification Benchmark">Industry Classification Benchmark</a>, health care includes many categories of medical equipment, instruments and services including <a href="/wiki/Biotechnology" title="Biotechnology">biotechnology</a>, diagnostic laboratories and substances, drug manufacturing and delivery.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>For example, pharmaceuticals and other medical devices are the leading high technology exports of Europe and the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-Europe_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Europe-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-PHRMA_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PHRMA-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The United States dominates the <a href="/wiki/Biopharmaceutical" title="Biopharmaceutical">biopharmaceutical</a> field, accounting for three-quarters of the world's biotechnology revenues.<sup id="cite_ref-Europe_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Europe-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-EFPIA_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EFPIA-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Research">Research</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Health_care&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Research"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Medical_research" title="Medical research">Medical research</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nursing_research" title="Nursing research">Nursing research</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a topical guide, see <a href="/wiki/Healthcare_science" class="mw-redirect" title="Healthcare science">Healthcare science</a>.</div> <p>The quantity and quality of many health care interventions are improved through the results of science, such as advanced through the <a href="/wiki/Medical_model" title="Medical model">medical model</a> of health which focuses on the eradication of <a href="/wiki/Illness" class="mw-redirect" title="Illness">illness</a> through <a href="/wiki/Medical_diagnosis" title="Medical diagnosis">diagnosis</a> and effective treatment. Many important advances have been made through health research, <a href="/wiki/Biomedical_research" class="mw-redirect" title="Biomedical research">biomedical research</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pharmaceutical_research" class="mw-redirect" title="Pharmaceutical research">pharmaceutical research</a>, which form the basis for <a href="/wiki/Evidence-based_medicine" title="Evidence-based medicine">evidence-based medicine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Evidence-based_practice" title="Evidence-based practice">evidence-based practice</a> in health care delivery. Health care research frequently engages directly with patients, and as such issues for whom to engage and how to engage with them become important to consider when seeking to actively include them in studies. While single best practice does not exist, the results of a systematic review on patient engagement suggest that research methods for patient selection need to account for both patient availability and willingness to engage.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Health_services_research" title="Health services research">Health services research</a> can lead to greater efficiency and equitable delivery of health care interventions, as advanced through the <a href="/wiki/Social_model_of_disability" title="Social model of disability">social model of health and disability</a>, which emphasizes the societal changes that can be made to make populations healthier.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Results from health services research often form the basis of <a href="/wiki/Evidence-based_policy" title="Evidence-based policy">evidence-based policy</a> in health care systems. <a href="/wiki/Health_services_research" title="Health services research">Health services research</a> is also aided by initiatives in the field of artificial intelligence for the development of systems of health assessment that are clinically useful, timely, sensitive to change, <a href="/wiki/Culturally_sensitive" class="mw-redirect" title="Culturally sensitive">culturally sensitive</a>, low-burden, low-cost, built into standard procedures, and involve the patient.<sup id="cite_ref-campro_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-campro-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Financing">Financing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Health_care&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Financing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Healthcare_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Healthcare system">Healthcare system</a>, <a href="/wiki/Health_policy" title="Health policy">Health policy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Universal_health_care" title="Universal health care">Universal health care</a>, <a href="/wiki/Health_spending_as_percent_of_gross_domestic_product_(GDP)_by_country" title="Health spending as percent of gross domestic product (GDP) by country">Health spending as percent of gross domestic product (GDP) by country</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_total_health_expenditure_per_capita" title="List of countries by total health expenditure per capita">List of countries by total health expenditure per capita</a></div> <div class="thumb tright" style=""><div 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.ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Notice plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice" role="presentation" style="width:100%;margin:0;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/60px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/80px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text" style="text-align: left;"><div class="mbox-text-span">Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on <a href="https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334940" class="extiw" title="phab:T334940">Phabricator</a> and on <a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Graph/Plans" class="extiw" title="mw:Extension:Graph/Plans">MediaWiki.org</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <small>See or edit <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Data:Health_spending.tab" class="extiw" title="c:Data:Health spending.tab">source data</a>. </small></div><div class="thumbcaption">Total health spending as a fraction of GDP<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div></div> <p>There are generally five primary methods of funding <a href="/wiki/Health_care_systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Health care systems">health care systems</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ol><li>General <a href="/wiki/Taxation" class="mw-redirect" title="Taxation">taxation</a> to the state, county or municipality</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_insurance" title="Social insurance">Social health insurance</a></li> <li>Voluntary or private <a href="/wiki/Health_insurance" title="Health insurance">health insurance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Out-of-pocket_expenses" class="mw-redirect" title="Out-of-pocket expenses">Out-of-pocket payments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donation" title="Donation">Donations</a> to health <a href="/wiki/Charities" class="mw-redirect" title="Charities">charities</a></li></ol> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Life_expectancy_vs_healthcare_spending.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Life_expectancy_vs_healthcare_spending.jpg/310px-Life_expectancy_vs_healthcare_spending.jpg" decoding="async" width="310" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Life_expectancy_vs_healthcare_spending.jpg/465px-Life_expectancy_vs_healthcare_spending.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Life_expectancy_vs_healthcare_spending.jpg/620px-Life_expectancy_vs_healthcare_spending.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1876" data-file-height="1816" /></a><figcaption>Life expectancy vs healthcare spending of rich <a href="/wiki/OECD" title="OECD">OECD</a> countries. <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_total_health_expenditure_per_capita" title="List of countries by total health expenditure per capita">US average of $10,447 in 2018</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-life_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-life-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>In most countries, there is a mix of all five models, but this varies across countries and over time within countries. Aside from financing mechanisms, an important question should always be how much to spend on health care. For the purposes of comparison, this is often expressed as the percentage of GDP spent on health care. In <a href="/wiki/OECD" title="OECD">OECD</a> countries for every extra $1000 spent on health care, life expectancy falls by 0.4 years.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A similar correlation is seen from the analysis carried out each year by Bloomberg.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Clearly this kind of analysis is flawed in that life expectancy is only one measure of a health system's performance, but equally, the notion that more funding is better is not supported.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 2011, the <a href="/wiki/Health_care_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Health care industry">health care industry</a> consumed an average of 9.3 percent of the <a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> or <a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">US$</a> 3,322 (<a href="/wiki/Purchasing_power_parity" title="Purchasing power parity">PPP-adjusted</a>) per capita across the 34 members of <a href="/wiki/Organisation_for_Economic_Co-operation_and_Development" class="mw-redirect" title="Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development">OECD</a> countries. The US (17.7%, or US$ PPP 8,508), the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a> (11.9%, 5,099), <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> (11.6%, 4,118), <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> (11.3%, 4,495), <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> (11.2%, 5669), and <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a> (11%, 5,634) were the top spenders, however <a href="/wiki/Life_expectancy" title="Life expectancy">life expectancy in total population at birth</a> was highest in Switzerland (82.8 years), <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> (82.7), <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> and <a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a> (82.4), France (82.2) and <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> (82.0), while OECD's average exceeds 80 years for the first time ever in 2011: 80.1 years, a gain of 10 years since 1970. The US (78.7 years) ranges only on place 26 among the 34 OECD member countries, but has the highest costs by far. All OECD countries have achieved universal (or almost universal) health coverage, except the US and <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-OECDHealthGlance_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OECDHealthGlance-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-OECDLifeExpectancy_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OECDLifeExpectancy-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (see also <a href="/wiki/Health_system#International_comparisons" title="Health system">international comparisons</a>.) </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, where around 18% of GDP is spent on health care,<sup id="cite_ref-auto_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Fund" title="Commonwealth Fund">Commonwealth Fund</a> analysis of spend and quality shows a clear correlation between worse quality and higher spending.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Expand the <a href="/wiki/OECD" title="OECD">OECD</a> charts below to see the breakdown: </p> <ul><li>"Government/compulsory": Government spending and compulsory health insurance.</li> <li>"Voluntary": Voluntary health insurance and private funds such as households' out-of-pocket payments, NGOs and private corporations.</li> <li>They are represented by columns starting at zero. They are not stacked. The 2 are combined to get the total.</li> <li>At the source you can run your cursor over the columns to get the year and the total for that country.<sup id="cite_ref-OECD-barcharts_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OECD-barcharts-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Click the table tab at the source to get 3 lists (one after another) of amounts by country: "Total", "Government/compulsory", and "Voluntary".<sup id="cite_ref-OECD-barcharts_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OECD-barcharts-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div style="display:inline-table; vertical-align:top;"> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Health_spending_by_country._Percent_of_GDP_(Gross_domestic_product).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Health_spending_by_country._Percent_of_GDP_%28Gross_domestic_product%29.png/310px-Health_spending_by_country._Percent_of_GDP_%28Gross_domestic_product%29.png" decoding="async" width="310" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Health_spending_by_country._Percent_of_GDP_%28Gross_domestic_product%29.png/465px-Health_spending_by_country._Percent_of_GDP_%28Gross_domestic_product%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Health_spending_by_country._Percent_of_GDP_%28Gross_domestic_product%29.png/620px-Health_spending_by_country._Percent_of_GDP_%28Gross_domestic_product%29.png 2x" data-file-width="2562" data-file-height="1281" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Health_spending_as_a_percent_of_GDP_by_country_(gross_domestic_product)" class="mw-redirect" title="Health spending as a percent of GDP by country (gross domestic product)">Health spending by country</a>. Percent of GDP (<a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">Gross domestic product</a>). For example: 11.2% for Canada in 2022. 16.6% for the United States in 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-OECD-barcharts_40-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OECD-barcharts-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure></div> <div style="display:inline-table; vertical-align:top;"> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Health_spending._OECD_countries._US_dollars_per_capita_(using_economy-wide_PPPs).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Health_spending._OECD_countries._US_dollars_per_capita_%28using_economy-wide_PPPs%29.png/310px-Health_spending._OECD_countries._US_dollars_per_capita_%28using_economy-wide_PPPs%29.png" decoding="async" width="310" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Health_spending._OECD_countries._US_dollars_per_capita_%28using_economy-wide_PPPs%29.png/465px-Health_spending._OECD_countries._US_dollars_per_capita_%28using_economy-wide_PPPs%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Health_spending._OECD_countries._US_dollars_per_capita_%28using_economy-wide_PPPs%29.png/620px-Health_spending._OECD_countries._US_dollars_per_capita_%28using_economy-wide_PPPs%29.png 2x" data-file-width="2562" data-file-height="1267" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_total_health_expenditure_per_capita" title="List of countries by total health expenditure per capita">Total healthcare cost per person</a>. Public and private spending. US dollars <a href="/wiki/Purchasing_power_parity" title="Purchasing power parity">PPP</a>. For example: $6,319 for Canada in 2022. $12,555 for the US in 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-OECD-barcharts_40-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OECD-barcharts-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Administration_and_regulation">Administration and regulation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Health_care&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Administration and regulation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Health_professional_requisites" title="Health professional requisites">Health professional requisites</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Health_administration" title="Health administration">management and administration of health care</a> is vital to the delivery of health care services. In particular, the practice of health professionals and the operation of health care institutions is typically <a href="/wiki/Regulation" title="Regulation">regulated</a> by national or state/provincial authorities through appropriate regulatory bodies for purposes of <a href="/wiki/Quality_assurance" title="Quality assurance">quality assurance</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most countries have credentialing staff in regulatory boards or <a href="/wiki/Health_department" title="Health department">health departments</a> who document the <a href="/wiki/Health_professional_requisites" title="Health professional requisites">certification or licensing of health workers</a> and their work history.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Health_information_technology">Health information technology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Health_care&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Health information technology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Health_information_technology" title="Health information technology">Health information technology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Health_information_management" title="Health information management">Health information management</a>, <a href="/wiki/Health_informatics" title="Health informatics">Health informatics</a>, <a href="/wiki/EHealth" title="EHealth">eHealth</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Health_technology" title="Health technology">Health technology</a></div> <p>Health information technology (HIT) is "the application of information processing involving both computer hardware and software that deals with the storage, retrieval, sharing, and use of health care information, data, and knowledge for communication and decision making."<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Health information technology components: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_health_record" title="Electronic health record">Electronic health record</a> (EHR) – An EHR contains a patient's comprehensive medical history, and may include records from multiple providers.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_Medical_Record" class="mw-redirect" title="Electronic Medical Record">Electronic Medical Record</a> (EMR) – An EMR contains the standard medical and clinical data gathered in one's provider's office.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_information_exchange" title="Health information exchange">Health information exchange</a> (HIE) – Health Information Exchange allows health care professionals and patients to appropriately access and securely share a patient's vital medical information electronically.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_practice_management_software" title="Medical practice management software">Medical practice management software</a> (MPM) – is designed to streamline the day-to-day tasks of operating a medical facility. Also known as practice management software or practice management system (PMS).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_health_record" title="Personal health record">Personal health record</a> (PHR) – A PHR is a patient's medical history that is maintained privately, for personal use.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Health_care&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Health_care_by_country" title="Category:Health care by country">Category:Health care by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_health" title="Global health">Global health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_equity" title="Health equity">Health equity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_policy" title="Health policy">Health policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Healthcare system">Healthcare system</a> / <a href="/wiki/Health_professionals" class="mw-redirect" title="Health professionals">Health professionals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tobacco_politics" title="Tobacco politics">Tobacco control laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_health_care" title="Universal health care">Universal health care</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Health_care&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output 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May 26, 2017. By <a href="/wiki/Max_Roser" title="Max Roser">Max Roser</a> at <a href="/wiki/Our_World_in_Data" title="Our World in Data">Our World in Data</a>. Click the sources tab under the chart for info on the countries, healthcare expenditures, and data sources. See the later version of the chart <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ourworldindata.org/us-life-expectancy-low">here</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220305030958/https://ourworldindata.org/us-life-expectancy-low">Archived</a> 5 March 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nuaig.ai/improve-operational-efficiency-in-healthcare-with-rpa/">"Improve operational efficiency in healthcare with RPA"</a>. <i>NuAIg</i>. 2 March 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210527055633/https://www.nuaig.ai/improve-operational-efficiency-in-healthcare-with-rpa/">Archived</a> from the original on 27 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NuAIg&rft.atitle=Improve+operational+efficiency+in+healthcare+with+RPA&rft.date=2021-03-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nuaig.ai%2Fimprove-operational-efficiency-in-healthcare-with-rpa%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHealth+care" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloombergquint.com/global-economics/u-s-near-bottom-of-health-index-hong-kong-and-singapore-at-top">"These Are the Economies With the Most (and Least) Efficient Health Care"</a>. <i>BloombergQuint</i>. 19 September 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201222160336/https://www.bloombergquint.com/global-economics/u-s-near-bottom-of-health-index-hong-kong-and-singapore-at-top">Archived</a> from the original on 22 December 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BloombergQuint&rft.atitle=These+Are+the+Economies+With+the+Most+%28and+Least%29+Efficient+Health+Care&rft.date=2018-09-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloombergquint.com%2Fglobal-economics%2Fu-s-near-bottom-of-health-index-hong-kong-and-singapore-at-top&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHealth+care" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OECDHealthGlance-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-OECDHealthGlance_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oecd.org/els/health-systems/Health-at-a-Glance-2013-Chart-set.pdf">"Health at a Glance 2013 – OECD Indicators"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. OECD. 21 November 2013. pp. 5, 39, 46, 48. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oecd.org/health/health-systems/health-at-a-glance.htm">link</a>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190412075105/http://www.oecd.org/els/health-systems/Health-at-a-Glance-2013-Chart-set.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 12 April 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 November</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Health+at+a+Glance+2013+%E2%80%93+OECD+Indicators&rft.pages=5%2C+39%2C+46%2C+48&rft.pub=OECD&rft.date=2013-11-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oecd.org%2Fels%2Fhealth-systems%2FHealth-at-a-Glance-2013-Chart-set.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHealth+care" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OECDLifeExpectancy-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-OECDLifeExpectancy_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://stats.oecd.org//Index.aspx?QueryId=51904">"OECD.StatExtracts, Health, Health Status, Life expectancy, Total population at birth, 2011"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(online statistics)</span>. <i>stats.oecd.org/</i>. OECD's iLibrary. 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190402130935/https://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?QueryId=51904">Archived</a> from the original on 2 April 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 November</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=stats.oecd.org%2F&rft.atitle=OECD.StatExtracts%2C+Health%2C+Health+Status%2C+Life+expectancy%2C+Total+population+at+birth%2C+2011&rft.date=2013&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstats.oecd.org%2F%2FIndex.aspx%3FQueryId%3D51904&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHealth+care" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCommonwealth_Fund2018" class="citation journal cs1">Commonwealth Fund (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.commonwealthfund.org/health-care-quality-spending-interactive">"Health Care Quality-Spending Interactive | Commonwealth Fund"</a>. <i>www.commonwealthfund.org</i>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.26099%2Fbf4n-8j57">10.26099/bf4n-8j57</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201222160427/https://www.commonwealthfund.org/health-care-quality-spending-interactive">Archived</a> from the original on 22 December 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=www.commonwealthfund.org&rft.atitle=Health+Care+Quality-Spending+Interactive+%7C+Commonwealth+Fund&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.26099%2Fbf4n-8j57&rft.au=Commonwealth+Fund&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.commonwealthfund.org%2Fhealth-care-quality-spending-interactive&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHealth+care" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OECD-barcharts-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-OECD-barcharts_40-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OECD-barcharts_40-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OECD-barcharts_40-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OECD-barcharts_40-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/OECD" title="OECD">OECD</a> Data. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.oecd.org/healthres/health-spending.htm">Health resources - Health spending</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200412163054/https://data.oecd.org/healthres/health-spending.htm">Archived</a> 12 April 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1787%2F8643de7e-en">10.1787/8643de7e-en</a>. 2 bar charts: For both: From bottom menus: Countries menu > choose OECD. Check box for "latest data available". Perspectives menu > Check box to "compare variables". Then check the boxes for government/compulsory, voluntary, and total. Click top tab for chart (bar chart). For GDP chart choose "% of GDP" from bottom menu. For per capita chart choose "US dollars/per capita". Click fullscreen button above chart. Click "print screen" key. Click top tab for table, to see data.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">World Health Organization, 2003. <i>Quality and accreditation in health care services</i>. Geneva <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.who.int/hrh/documents/en/quality_accreditation.pdf">http://www.who.int/hrh/documents/en/quality_accreditation.pdf</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201222160336/https://www.who.int/hrh/documents/en/quality_accreditation.pdf">Archived</a> 2020-12-22 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tulenko et al., "Framework and measurement issues for monitoring entry into the health workforce." <i>Handbook on monitoring and evaluation of human resources for health</i>. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.healthit.gov/unintended-consequences/content/glossary.html#h">"Health information technology — HIT"</a>. <i>HealthIT.gov</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201222160429/http://www.healthit.gov/unintended-consequences/content/glossary.html#h">Archived</a> from the original on 22 December 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 August</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=HealthIT.gov&rft.atitle=Health+information+technology+%E2%80%94+HIT&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.healthit.gov%2Funintended-consequences%2Fcontent%2Fglossary.html%23h&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHealth+care" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_44-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_44-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.healthit.gov/providers-professionals/electronic-medical-records-emr">"Definition and Benefits of Electronic Medical Records (EMR) | Providers & Professionals | HealthIT.gov"</a>. <i>www.healthit.gov</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170909080734/https://www.healthit.gov/providers-professionals/electronic-medical-records-emr">Archived</a> from the original on 9 September 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.healthit.gov&rft.atitle=Definition+and+Benefits+of+Electronic+Medical+Records+%28EMR%29+%7C+Providers+%26+Professionals+%7C+HealthIT.gov&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.healthit.gov%2Fproviders-professionals%2Felectronic-medical-records-emr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHealth+care" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.healthit.gov/HIE">"Official Information about Health Information Exchange (HIE) | Providers & Professionals | HealthIT.gov"</a>. <i>www.healthit.gov</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201222160341/https://www.healthit.gov/topic/health-it-and-health-information-exchange-basics/health-information-exchange">Archived</a> from the original on 22 December 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.healthit.gov&rft.atitle=Official+Information+about+Health+Information+Exchange+%28HIE%29+%7C+Providers+%26+Professionals+%7C+HealthIT.gov&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.healthit.gov%2FHIE&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHealth+care" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.healthit.gov/providers-professionals/faqs/what-personal-health-record">"What is a personal health record? | FAQs | Providers & Professionals | HealthIT.gov"</a>. <i>www.healthit.gov</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201222160342/https://www.healthit.gov/faq/what-personal-health-record-0">Archived</a> from the original on 22 December 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.healthit.gov&rft.atitle=What+is+a+personal+health+record%3F+%7C+FAQs+%7C+Providers+%26+Professionals+%7C+HealthIT.gov&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.healthit.gov%2Fproviders-professionals%2Ffaqs%2Fwhat-personal-health-record&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHealth+care" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Health_care&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:The_Wikipedia_Library" title="Wikipedia:The Wikipedia Library">Library resources</a> about <br /> <b>Health care</b> <hr /></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=Health+care">Resources in your library</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=Health+care&library=0CHOOSE0">Resources in other libraries</a></li> </ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Healthcare" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Healthcare">Healthcare</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/16px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/24px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/32px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></a></span> <a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Travel_health#Q31207" class="extiw" title="voy:Travel health">Travel health</a> travel guide from Wikivoyage</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output 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.mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:World_topic" title="Template:World topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:World_topic" title="Template talk:World topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:World_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:World topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Healthcare_by_country" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Healthcare by country</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Afghanistan" title="Healthcare in Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Albania" title="Healthcare in Albania">Albania</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Algeria" title="Healthcare in Algeria">Algeria</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Andorra" class="mw-redirect" title="Healthcare in Andorra">Andorra</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Angola" title="Healthcare in Angola">Angola</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Argentina" class="mw-redirect" title="Healthcare in Argentina">Argentina</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Armenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Healthcare in Armenia">Armenia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Healthcare in Australia">Australia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Austria" title="Healthcare in Austria">Austria</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Azerbaijan" title="Healthcare in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_the_Bahamas" class="mw-redirect" title="Healthcare in the Bahamas">Bahamas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Bahrain" title="Healthcare in Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Bangladesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Healthcare in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Belarus" title="Healthcare in Belarus">Belarus</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Belgium" title="Healthcare in Belgium">Belgium</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Belize" title="Healthcare in Belize">Belize</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Benin" class="mw-redirect" title="Healthcare in Benin">Benin</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Bhutan" class="mw-redirect" title="Healthcare in Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Bolivia" class="mw-redirect" title="Healthcare in Bolivia">Bolivia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" class="mw-redirect" title="Healthcare in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Botswana" class="mw-redirect" title="Healthcare in Botswana">Botswana</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Brazil" title="Healthcare in Brazil">Brazil</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Brunei" class="mw-redirect" title="Healthcare in Brunei">Brunei</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Healthcare in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Burkina_Faso" class="mw-redirect" title="Healthcare in Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Burundi" class="mw-redirect" title="Healthcare in Burundi">Burundi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Cambodia" class="mw-redirect" title="Healthcare in Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Cameroon" class="mw-redirect" title="Healthcare in Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Canada" title="Healthcare in Canada">Canada</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Cape_Verde" class="mw-redirect" title="Healthcare in Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_the_Central_African_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Healthcare in the Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Chad" class="mw-redirect" title="Healthcare in Chad">Chad</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Chile" title="Healthcare in Chile">Chile</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_China" title="Healthcare in China">China</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Colombia" class="mw-redirect" title="Healthcare in Colombia">Colombia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Comoros" class="mw-redirect" title="Healthcare in Comoros">Comoros</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Costa_Rica" title="Healthcare in Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Croatia" title="Healthcare in Croatia">Croatia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Cuba" title="Healthcare in Cuba">Cuba</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Healthcare in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="Healthcare in the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" class="mw-redirect" title="Healthcare in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Denmark" title="Healthcare in Denmark">Denmark</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Djibouti" class="mw-redirect" title="Healthcare in Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_the_Dominican_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Healthcare in the Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_East_Timor" class="mw-redirect" title="Healthcare in East Timor">East Timor</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Ecuador" class="mw-redirect" title="Healthcare in Ecuador">Ecuador</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Egypt" title="Healthcare in Egypt">Egypt</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Equatorial_Guinea" class="mw-redirect" title="Healthcare in Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Eritrea" class="mw-redirect" title="Healthcare in Eritrea">Eritrea</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Estonia" title="Healthcare in Estonia">Estonia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Eswatini" class="mw-redirect" title="Healthcare in Eswatini">Eswatini</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Ethiopia" title="Healthcare in Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Finland" title="Healthcare in Finland">Finland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Healthcare in France">France</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Gabon" class="mw-redirect" title="Healthcare in Gabon">Gabon</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_the_Gambia" class="mw-redirect" title="Healthcare in the Gambia">Gambia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Georgia_(country)" title="Healthcare in Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Germany" title="Healthcare in Germany">Germany</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Ghana" title="Healthcare in Ghana">Ghana</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Greece" title="Healthcare in Greece">Greece</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Guinea" class="mw-redirect" title="Healthcare in Guinea">Guinea</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Guinea-Bissau" class="mw-redirect" title="Healthcare in Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Guyana" class="mw-redirect" title="Healthcare in Guyana">Guyana</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Haiti" class="mw-redirect" title="Healthcare in Haiti">Haiti</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Honduras" class="mw-redirect" title="Healthcare in Honduras">Honduras</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Hungary" title="Healthcare in Hungary">Hungary</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Iceland" title="Healthcare in Iceland">Iceland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_India" title="Healthcare in India">India</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Indonesia" title="Healthcare in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Iran" title="Healthcare in Iran">Iran</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Iraq" title="Healthcare in Iraq">Iraq</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Healthcare in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Israel" title="Healthcare in Israel">Israel</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Italy" title="Healthcare in Italy">Italy</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Ivory_Coast" class="mw-redirect" title="Healthcare in Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="Healthcare in Japan">Japan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Jordan" class="mw-redirect" title="Healthcare in Jordan">Jordan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Kazakhstan" title="Healthcare in Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Kenya" title="Healthcare in Kenya">Kenya</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Kiribati" class="mw-redirect" title="Healthcare in Kiribati">Kiribati</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Kosovo" title="Healthcare in Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Kuwait" title="Healthcare in Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Kyrgyzstan" class="mw-redirect" title="Healthcare in Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Laos" class="mw-redirect" title="Healthcare in Laos">Laos</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Latvia" class="mw-redirect" title="Healthcare in Latvia">Latvia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Lebanon" class="mw-redirect" title="Healthcare in Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Lesotho" class="mw-redirect" title="Healthcare in Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Liberia" class="mw-redirect" title="Healthcare in Liberia">Liberia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Libya" class="mw-redirect" title="Healthcare in Libya">Libya</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Liechtenstein" title="Healthcare in Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Lithuania" class="mw-redirect" title="Healthcare in Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Luxembourg" title="Healthcare in Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Madagascar" title="Healthcare in Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Malawi" title="Healthcare in Malawi">Malawi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Malaysia" title="Healthcare in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Maldives" class="mw-redirect" title="Healthcare in Maldives">Maldives</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Mali" class="mw-redirect" title="Healthcare in Mali">Mali</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Malta" title="Healthcare in Malta">Malta</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Mauritania" class="mw-redirect" title="Healthcare in Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Mauritius" class="mw-redirect" title="Healthcare in Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Mexico" title="Healthcare in Mexico">Mexico</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Moldova" title="Healthcare in Moldova">Moldova</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Monaco" class="mw-redirect" title="Healthcare in Monaco">Monaco</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Mongolia" class="mw-redirect" title="Healthcare in Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Montenegro" class="mw-redirect" title="Healthcare in Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Morocco" class="mw-redirect" title="Healthcare in Morocco">Morocco</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Mozambique" class="mw-redirect" title="Healthcare in Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Myanmar" class="mw-redirect" title="Healthcare in Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Namibia" class="mw-redirect" title="Healthcare in Namibia">Namibia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Nauru" class="mw-redirect" title="Healthcare in Nauru">Nauru</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Nepal" class="mw-redirect" title="Healthcare in Nepal">Nepal</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_the_Netherlands" title="Healthcare in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_New_Zealand" title="Healthcare in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Nicaragua" title="Healthcare in Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Niger" class="mw-redirect" title="Healthcare in Niger">Niger</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Nigeria" title="Healthcare in Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_North_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="Healthcare in North Korea">North Korea</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_North_Macedonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Healthcare in North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Norway" title="Healthcare in Norway">Norway</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Oman" title="Healthcare in Oman">Oman</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Pakistan" title="Healthcare in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_State_of_Palestine" class="mw-redirect" title="Healthcare in State of Palestine">Palestine</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Panama" class="mw-redirect" title="Healthcare in Panama">Panama</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Paraguay" class="mw-redirect" title="Healthcare in Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Peru" title="Healthcare in Peru">Peru</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="Healthcare in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="Healthcare in Poland">Poland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Portugal" title="Healthcare in Portugal">Portugal</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Qatar" title="Healthcare in Qatar">Qatar</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_the_Republic_of_the_Congo" class="mw-redirect" title="Healthcare in the Republic of the Congo">Republic of the Congo</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Romania" title="Healthcare in Romania">Romania</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Russia" title="Healthcare in Russia">Russia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Rwanda" title="Healthcare in Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Saint_Lucia" class="mw-redirect" title="Healthcare in Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_San_Marino" title="Healthcare in San Marino">San Marino</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Saudi_Arabia" class="mw-redirect" title="Healthcare in Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Senegal" title="Healthcare in Senegal">Senegal</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Serbia" title="Healthcare in Serbia">Serbia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Seychelles" class="mw-redirect" title="Healthcare in Seychelles">Seychelles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Sierra_Leone" title="Healthcare in Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Singapore" title="Healthcare in Singapore">Singapore</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Slovakia" title="Healthcare in Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Slovenia" title="Healthcare in Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Solomon_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Healthcare in Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Somalia" title="Healthcare in Somalia">Somalia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_South_Africa" title="Healthcare in South Africa">South Africa</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_South_Korea" title="Healthcare in South Korea">South Korea</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_South_Sudan" class="mw-redirect" title="Healthcare in South Sudan">South Sudan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Healthcare in Spain">Spain</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Healthcare in Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Sudan" class="mw-redirect" title="Healthcare in Sudan">Sudan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Suriname" class="mw-redirect" title="Healthcare in Suriname">Suriname</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Sweden" title="Healthcare in Sweden">Sweden</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Switzerland" title="Healthcare in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="Healthcare in Syria">Syria</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" class="mw-redirect" title="Healthcare in São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Taiwan" title="Healthcare in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Tajikistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Healthcare in Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Tanzania" title="Healthcare in Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Thailand" title="Healthcare in Thailand">Thailand</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Togo" class="mw-redirect" title="Healthcare in Togo">Togo</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Tonga" class="mw-redirect" title="Healthcare in Tonga">Tonga</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Healthcare in Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Tunisia" class="mw-redirect" title="Healthcare in Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Healthcare in Turkey">Turkey</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Turkmenistan" title="Healthcare in Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Uganda" title="Healthcare in Uganda">Uganda</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Ukraine" title="Healthcare in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Healthcare in the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Healthcare in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_the_United_States" title="Healthcare in the United States">United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Uruguay" class="mw-redirect" title="Healthcare in Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Uzbekistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Healthcare in Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Vanuatu" class="mw-redirect" title="Healthcare in Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Venezuela" title="Healthcare in Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Vietnam" title="Healthcare in Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Yemen" class="mw-redirect" title="Healthcare in Yemen">Yemen</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Zambia" title="Healthcare in Zambia">Zambia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Zimbabwe" class="mw-redirect" title="Healthcare in Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066933788">.mw-parser-output .excerpt-hat .mw-editsection-like{font-style:normal}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Health_care" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Health_care" title="Template:Health care"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Health_care" title="Template talk:Health care"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Health_care" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Health care"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Health_care" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Health care</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Health_economics" title="Health economics">Economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_equipment" class="mw-redirect" title="Medical equipment">Equipment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_guideline" title="Medical guideline">Guidelines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_care_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Health care industry">Industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_healthcare" title="Philosophy of healthcare">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_policy" title="Health policy">Policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_care_provider" title="Health care provider">Providers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_health" title="Public health">Public</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WHO%27s_ranking_of_health_care_systems" class="mw-redirect" title="WHO's ranking of health care systems">Ranking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_care_reform" title="Health care reform">Reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_system" title="Health system">System</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Professions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Medicine" title="Medicine">Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nursing" title="Nursing">Nursing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharmacy" title="Pharmacy">Pharmacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_science" class="mw-redirect" title="Healthcare science">Healthcare science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dentistry" title="Dentistry">Dentistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allied_health_professions" title="Allied health professions">Allied health professions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_information_management" title="Health information management">Health information management</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Settings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assisted_living" title="Assisted living">Assisted living</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinic" title="Clinic">Clinic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hospital" title="Hospital">Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nursing_home" title="Nursing home">Nursing home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_school" title="Medical school">Medical school</a> (<a href="/wiki/Academic_health_science_centre" class="mw-redirect" title="Academic health science centre">Academic health science centre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Teaching_hospital" title="Teaching hospital">Teaching hospital</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharmacy_school" title="Pharmacy school">Pharmacy school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supervised_injection_site" title="Supervised injection site">Supervised injection site</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Care</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acute_care" title="Acute care">Acute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chronic_care" title="Chronic care">Chronic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/End-of-life_care" title="End-of-life care">End-of-life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hospice" title="Hospice">Hospice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overutilization" class="mw-redirect" title="Overutilization">Overutilization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palliative_care" title="Palliative care">Palliative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primary_care" title="Primary care">Primary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-care" title="Self-care">Self</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Total_care" title="Total care">Total</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Skills / training</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Doctor-patient_relationship#Bedside_manner" class="mw-redirect" title="Doctor-patient relationship">Bedside manner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_competence_in_health_care" class="mw-redirect" title="Cultural competence in health care">Cultural competence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_diagnosis" title="Medical diagnosis">Diagnosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_education" title="Medical education">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_precautions" title="Universal precautions">Universal precautions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Health_technology" title="Health technology">Technology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3D_bioprinting" title="3D bioprinting">3D bioprinting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artificial_intelligence_in_healthcare" title="Artificial intelligence in healthcare">Artificial intelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connected_health" title="Connected health">Connected health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_health" title="Digital health">Digital health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_health_record" title="Electronic health record">Electronic health records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MHealth" title="MHealth">mHealth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanomedicine" title="Nanomedicine">Nanomedicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telemedicine" class="mw-redirect" title="Telemedicine">Telemedicine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Health_informatics" title="Health informatics">Health informatics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Medical_image_computing" title="Medical image computing">Medical image computing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Imaging_informatics" title="Imaging informatics">imaging informatics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artificial_intelligence_in_healthcare" title="Artificial intelligence in healthcare">Artificial intelligence in healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuroinformatics" title="Neuroinformatics">Neuroinformatics</a> in healthcare</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Behavior_informatics" title="Behavior informatics">Behavior informatics</a> in healthcare</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computational_biology" title="Computational biology">Computational biology</a> in healthcare</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Translational_bioinformatics" title="Translational bioinformatics">Translational bioinformatics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Translational_medicine" title="Translational medicine">Translational medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_information_technology" title="Health information technology">health information technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telemedicine" class="mw-redirect" title="Telemedicine">Telemedicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_health_informatics" title="Public health informatics">Public health informatics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_information_management" title="Health information management">Health information management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consumer_health_informatics" title="Consumer health informatics">Consumer health informatics</a></li></ul></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_the_United_States" title="Healthcare in the United States">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_reform_debate_in_the_United_States" title="Healthcare reform debate in the United States">reform debate in the United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Healthcare in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Canada" title="Healthcare in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_care_in_Australia" title="Health care in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_New_Zealand" title="Healthcare in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Health_care_by_country" title="Category:Health care by country">(Category Health care by country)</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Health_care" title="Category:Health care">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Substantive_human_rights" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Substantive_human_rights" title="Template:Substantive human rights"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Substantive_human_rights" title="Template talk:Substantive human rights"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Substantive_human_rights" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Substantive human rights"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Substantive_human_rights" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Substantive <a href="/wiki/Human_rights" title="Human rights">human rights</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>What is considered a human right is in some cases controversial; not all the topics listed are universally accepted as human rights</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Civil_and_political_rights" title="Civil and political rights">Civil and political</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Equality_before_the_law" title="Equality before the law">Equality before the law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arbitrary_arrest_and_detention" title="Arbitrary arrest and detention">Freedom from arbitrary arrest and detention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_assembly" title="Freedom of assembly">Freedom of assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_association" title="Freedom of association">Freedom of association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cruel,_inhuman,_or_degrading_treatment" class="mw-redirect" title="Cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment">Cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_from_discrimination" title="Freedom from discrimination">Freedom from discrimination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_information" title="Freedom of information">Freedom of information</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_movement" title="Freedom of movement">Freedom of movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion" title="Freedom of religion">Freedom of religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery" title="Slavery">Freedom from slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_speech" title="Freedom of speech">Freedom of speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_thought" title="Freedom of thought">Freedom of thought</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torture" title="Torture">Freedom from torture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_aid" title="Legal aid">Legal aid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_by_country_or_territory" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights by country or territory">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty" title="Liberty">Liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationality" title="Nationality">Nationality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personhood" title="Personhood">Personhood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presumption_of_innocence" title="Presumption of innocence">Presumption of innocence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_of_asylum" title="Right of asylum">Right of asylum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_die" title="Right to die">Right to die</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_a_fair_trial" title="Right to a fair trial">Right to a fair trial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_family_life" title="Right to family life">Right to family life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_keep_and_bear_arms" title="Right to keep and bear arms">Right to keep and bear arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_life" title="Right to life">Right to life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_petition" title="Right to petition">Right to petition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Privacy" title="Privacy">Right to privacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_protest" title="Right to protest">Right to protest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Involuntary_treatment" title="Involuntary treatment">Right to refuse medical treatment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_resist" title="Right to resist">Right to resist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_of_self-defense" title="Right of self-defense">Right of self-defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_truth" title="Right to truth">Right to truth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_of_person" title="Security of person">Security of person</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suffrage" title="Suffrage">Suffrage</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nomination_rules" title="Nomination rules">right to be a candidate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_homeland" title="Right to homeland">Right to homeland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Economic,_social_and_cultural_rights" title="Economic, social and cultural rights">Economic, social<br />and cultural</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digital_rights" title="Digital rights">Digital rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equal_pay_for_equal_work" title="Equal pay for equal work">Equal pay for equal work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remuneration" title="Remuneration">Fair remuneration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labor_rights" title="Labor rights">Labor rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_an_adequate_standard_of_living" title="Right to an adequate standard of living">Right to an adequate standard of living</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_clothing" title="Right to clothing">Right to clothing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_development" title="Right to development">Right to development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_education" title="Right to education">Right to education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_food" title="Right to food">Right to food</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_health" title="Right to health">Right to health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_a_healthy_environment" title="Right to a healthy environment">Right to a healthy environment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_housing" title="Right to housing">Right to housing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_Internet_access" title="Right to Internet access">Right to Internet access</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_property" title="Right to property">Right to property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_participation" title="Public participation">Right to public participation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_of_reply" title="Right of reply">Right of reply</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_rest_and_leisure" title="Right to rest and leisure">Right to rest and leisure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_of_return" title="Right of return">Right of return</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_science_and_culture" title="Right to science and culture">Right to science and culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_social_security" class="mw-redirect" title="Right to social security">Right to social security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_right_to_water_and_sanitation" title="Human right to water and sanitation">Right to water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_work" title="Right to work">Right to work</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sexual_and_reproductive_health_and_rights" title="Sexual and reproductive health and rights">Sexual</a> and<br /><a href="/wiki/Reproductive_rights" title="Reproductive rights">reproductive</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion" title="Abortion">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_planning" title="Family planning">Family planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Female_genital_mutilation" title="Female genital mutilation">Freedom from involuntary female genital mutilation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_human_rights" title="Intersex human rights">Intersex human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_by_country_or_territory" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights by country or territory">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_and_reproductive_health" title="Sexual and reproductive health">Sexual and reproductive health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_sexuality" title="Right to sexuality">Right to sexuality</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Nursing" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nursing" title="Template:Nursing"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nursing" title="Template talk:Nursing"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nursing" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nursing"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Nursing" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Nursing" title="Nursing">Nursing</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Levels of <br />practice</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Generalists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Student_nurse" class="mw-redirect" title="Student nurse">Student nurse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinical_nurse_leader" title="Clinical nurse leader">Clinical nurse leader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Licensed_practical_nurse" title="Licensed practical nurse">Licensed practical nurse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Registered_nurse" title="Registered nurse">Registered nurse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graduate_nurse" title="Graduate nurse">Graduate nurse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nurse_scientist" title="Nurse scientist">Nurse scientist</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Advanced_practice_nurse" title="Advanced practice nurse">Advanced practice</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">APNs by role</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clinical_nurse_specialist" title="Clinical nurse specialist">Clinical nurse specialist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nurse_anesthetist" title="Nurse anesthetist">Nurse anesthetist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nurse_midwife" title="Nurse midwife">Nurse midwife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nurse_practitioner" title="Nurse practitioner">Nurse practitioner</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">NPs by population</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Family_nurse_practitioner" title="Family nurse practitioner">Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adult-gerontology_nurse_practitioner" title="Adult-gerontology nurse practitioner">Adult-gerontology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pediatric_nurse_practitioner" title="Pediatric nurse practitioner">Pediatrics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_health_nurse_practitioner" title="Women's health nurse practitioner">Women's health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neonatal_nurse_practitioner" title="Neonatal nurse practitioner">Neonatal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychiatric-mental_health_nurse_practitioner" title="Psychiatric-mental health nurse practitioner">Psych/mental health</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nurse_education" title="Nurse education">Education</a> <br /> and <br /><a href="/wiki/Nurse_licensure" title="Nurse licensure">licensure</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nightingale_Pledge" title="Nightingale Pledge">Nightingale Pledge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Associate_of_Science_in_Nursing" title="Associate of Science in Nursing">Associate of Science in Nursing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Science_in_Nursing" title="Bachelor of Science in Nursing">Bachelor of Science in Nursing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diploma_in_Nursing" title="Diploma in Nursing">Diploma in Nursing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Nursing_Practice" title="Doctor of Nursing Practice">Doctor of Nursing Practice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_of_Science_in_Nursing" title="Master of Science in Nursing">Master of Science in Nursing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Board_of_nursing" title="Board of nursing">Board of nursing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nurse_Licensure_Compact" title="Nurse Licensure Compact">Nurse Licensure Compact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nursing_credentials_and_certifications" title="Nursing credentials and certifications">Nursing credentials and certifications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nurse_education" title="Nurse education">Nurse education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nurse_registry" title="Nurse registry">Nurse registry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Council_Licensure_Examination" title="National Council Licensure Examination">NCLEX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Test_of_Essential_Academic_Skills" title="Test of Essential Academic Skills">TEAS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_nursing_specialties" title="List of nursing specialties">Specialties and <br /> areas of <br />practice</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ambulatory_care_nursing" title="Ambulatory care nursing">Ambulatory care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardiac_nursing" title="Cardiac nursing">Cardiac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Correctional_nursing" title="Correctional nursing">Correctional nursing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critical_care_nursing" title="Critical care nursing">Critical care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Registered_Dental_Nurse" class="mw-redirect" title="Registered Dental Nurse">Dental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nurse_educator" title="Nurse educator">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emergency_nursing" title="Emergency nursing">Emergency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faith_community_nursing" title="Faith community nursing">Faith community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flight_nursing" class="mw-redirect" title="Flight nursing">Flight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forensic_nursing" title="Forensic nursing">Forensic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geriatric_nursing" class="mw-redirect" title="Geriatric nursing">Geriatrics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holistic_nursing" title="Holistic nursing">Holistic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Home_health_nursing" title="Home health nursing">Home health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperbaric_nursing" title="Hyperbaric nursing">Hyperbaric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_nurse_consultant" title="Legal nurse consultant">Legal consultation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nursing_management" title="Nursing management">Management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matron" title="Matron">Matron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical-surgical_nursing" title="Medical-surgical nursing">Medical-surgical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nurse_midwife" title="Nurse midwife">Midwifery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Health_Care_Nurse_Practitioner-Board_Certified" title="Women's Health Care Nurse Practitioner-Board Certified">Women's Health Care Nurse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_nurse" title="Military nurse">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neonatal_nursing" title="Neonatal nursing">Neonatal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nursing_informatics" class="mw-redirect" title="Nursing informatics">Nursing informatics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obstetrical_nursing" title="Obstetrical nursing">Obstetrics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_health_nursing" title="Occupational health nursing">Occupational health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oncology_nursing" title="Oncology nursing">Oncology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthopaedic_nursing" title="Orthopaedic nursing">Orthopedics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pediatric_nursing" title="Pediatric nursing">Pediatrics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perianesthesia_nursing" title="Perianesthesia nursing">Perianesthesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perioperative_nursing" title="Perioperative nursing">Perioperative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychiatric_and_mental_health_nursing" class="mw-redirect" title="Psychiatric and mental health nursing">Psychiatric and mental health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_duty_nursing" title="Private duty nursing">Private duty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_health_nursing" title="Public health nursing">Public health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_nursing" title="School nursing">School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_nursing" title="Space nursing">Space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surgical_nursing" title="Surgical nursing">Surgical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telenursing" title="Telenursing">Telenursing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travel_health_nursing" title="Travel health nursing">Travel health nursing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wound,_ostomy,_and_continence_nursing" title="Wound, ostomy, and continence nursing">WOCN</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nursing_process" title="Nursing process">Nursing process</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nursing_assessment" title="Nursing assessment">Nursing assessment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nursing_diagnosis" title="Nursing diagnosis">Nursing diagnosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nursing_care_plan" title="Nursing care plan">Nursing care plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nursing_theory" title="Nursing theory">Nursing theory</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Classification <br /> systems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NANDA" class="mw-redirect" title="NANDA">NANDA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nursing_Interventions_Classification" title="Nursing Interventions Classification">Nursing Interventions Classification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nursing_Minimum_Data_Set" title="Nursing Minimum Data Set">Nursing Minimum Data Set (NMDS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nursing_Outcomes_Classification" title="Nursing Outcomes Classification">Nursing Outcomes Classification</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Nursing_by_country" title="Category:Nursing by country">By country</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Nurses_Day" title="International Nurses Day">International Nurses Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nursing_in_Australia" title="Nursing in Australia">Australia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_nursing_history_in_Australia_and_New_Zealand" title="Timeline of nursing history in Australia and New Zealand">timeline</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nursing_in_Canada" title="Nursing in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nursing_in_Germany" title="Nursing in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nursing_in_Hong_Kong" title="Nursing in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nursing_in_India" title="Nursing in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nursing_in_Iran" title="Nursing in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nursing_in_Japan" title="Nursing in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nursing_in_Kenya" title="Nursing in Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nursing_in_New_Zealand" title="Nursing in New Zealand">New Zealand</a> (<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_nursing_history_in_Australia_and_New_Zealand" title="Timeline of nursing history in Australia and New Zealand">timeline</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nursing_in_Pakistan" title="Nursing in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nursing_in_the_Philippines" title="Nursing in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nursing_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Nursing in the Republic of Ireland">Republic of Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nursing_in_South_Africa" title="Nursing in South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nursing_in_Spain" title="Nursing in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nursing_in_Taiwan" title="Nursing in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nursing_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Nursing in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> (<a href="/wiki/History_of_Nursing_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Nursing in the United Kingdom">history</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nursing_in_the_United_States" title="Nursing in the United States">United States</a> (<a href="/wiki/History_of_nursing_in_the_United_States" title="History of nursing in the United States">history</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Nursing" title="Category:Nursing">Category</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Nursing" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Nursing"><b>Commons</b></a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="WikiProject"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/16px-People_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/24px-People_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/32px-People_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Nursing" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Nursing">WikiProject</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Medicine" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Medicine" title="Template:Medicine"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Medicine" title="Template talk:Medicine"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Medicine" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Medicine"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Medicine" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Medicine" title="Medicine">Medicine</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Medical_specialty" title="Medical specialty">Specialties</a><br />and<br /><a href="/wiki/Subspecialty" title="Subspecialty">subspecialties</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Surgery" title="Surgery">Surgery</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cardiac_surgery" title="Cardiac surgery">Cardiac surgery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardiothoracic_surgery" title="Cardiothoracic surgery">Cardiothoracic surgery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endocrine_surgery" title="Endocrine surgery">Endocrine surgery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eye_surgery" title="Eye surgery">Eye surgery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_surgery" title="General surgery">General surgery</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colorectal_surgery" title="Colorectal surgery">Colorectal surgery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digestive_system_surgery" title="Digestive system surgery">Digestive system surgery</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neurosurgery" title="Neurosurgery">Neurosurgery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oral_and_maxillofacial_surgery" title="Oral and maxillofacial surgery">Oral and maxillofacial surgery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthopedic_surgery" title="Orthopedic surgery">Orthopedic surgery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hand_surgery" title="Hand surgery">Hand surgery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otorhinolaryngology" title="Otorhinolaryngology">Otolaryngology</a> <ul><li><small>ENT</small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pediatric_surgery" title="Pediatric surgery">Pediatric surgery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastic_surgery" title="Plastic surgery">Plastic surgery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reproductive_surgery" title="Reproductive surgery">Reproductive surgery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surgical_oncology" title="Surgical oncology">Surgical oncology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organ_transplantation" title="Organ transplantation">Transplant surgery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trauma_surgery" title="Trauma surgery">Trauma surgery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urology" title="Urology">Urology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrology" title="Andrology">Andrology</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vascular_surgery" title="Vascular surgery">Vascular surgery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Internal_medicine" title="Internal medicine">Internal<br />medicine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allergy" title="Allergy">Allergy</a> / <a href="/wiki/Immunology" title="Immunology">Immunology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angiology" title="Angiology">Angiology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardiology" title="Cardiology">Cardiology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endocrinology" title="Endocrinology">Endocrinology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gastroenterology" title="Gastroenterology">Gastroenterology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hepatology" title="Hepatology">Hepatology</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geriatrics" title="Geriatrics">Geriatrics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hematology" title="Hematology">Hematology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hospital_medicine" title="Hospital medicine">Hospital medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infectious_diseases_(medical_specialty)" title="Infectious diseases (medical specialty)">Infectious diseases</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nephrology" title="Nephrology">Nephrology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oncology" title="Oncology">Oncology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulmonology" title="Pulmonology">Pulmonology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rheumatology" title="Rheumatology">Rheumatology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Obstetrics_and_gynaecology" title="Obstetrics and gynaecology">Obstetrics and<br />gynaecology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gynaecology" title="Gynaecology">Gynaecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gynecologic_oncology" title="Gynecologic oncology">Gynecologic oncology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maternal%E2%80%93fetal_medicine" title="Maternal–fetal medicine">Maternal–fetal medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obstetrics" title="Obstetrics">Obstetrics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reproductive_endocrinology_and_infertility" title="Reproductive endocrinology and infertility">Reproductive endocrinology and infertility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urogynecology" title="Urogynecology">Urogynecology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Medical_diagnosis" title="Medical diagnosis">Diagnostic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radiology" title="Radiology">Radiology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interventional_radiology" title="Interventional radiology">Interventional radiology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuroradiology" title="Neuroradiology">Neuroradiology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_medicine" title="Nuclear medicine">Nuclear medicine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pathology" title="Pathology">Pathology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anatomical_pathology" title="Anatomical pathology">Anatomical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinical_pathology" title="Clinical pathology">Clinical pathology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinical_chemistry" title="Clinical chemistry">Clinical chemistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cytopathology" title="Cytopathology">Cytopathology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_microbiology" title="Medical microbiology">Medical microbiology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transfusion_medicine" title="Transfusion medicine">Transfusion medicine</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Addiction_medicine" title="Addiction medicine">Addiction medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolescent_medicine" title="Adolescent medicine">Adolescent medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anesthesiology" title="Anesthesiology">Anesthesiology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Obstetric_anesthesiology" title="Obstetric anesthesiology">Obstetric anesthesiology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neurosurgical_anesthesia" title="Neurosurgical anesthesia">Neurosurgical anesthesiology</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aviation_medicine" title="Aviation medicine">Aviation medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dermatology" title="Dermatology">Dermatology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disaster_medicine" title="Disaster medicine">Disaster medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diving_medicine" title="Diving medicine">Diving medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emergency_medicine" title="Emergency medicine">Emergency medicine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mass_gathering_medicine" title="Mass gathering medicine">Mass gathering medicine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_medicine" title="Evolutionary medicine">Evolutionary medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_medicine" title="Family medicine">Family medicine</a> / <a href="/wiki/General_practice" title="General practice">General practice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hospital_medicine" title="Hospital medicine">Hospital medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intensive_care_medicine" title="Intensive care medicine">Intensive care medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_genetics" title="Medical genetics">Medical genetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narcology" title="Narcology">Narcology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neurology" title="Neurology">Neurology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clinical_neurophysiology" title="Clinical neurophysiology">Clinical neurophysiology</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_medicine" title="Occupational medicine">Occupational medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ophthalmology" title="Ophthalmology">Ophthalmology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oral_medicine" title="Oral medicine">Oral medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pain_management" title="Pain management">Pain management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palliative_care" title="Palliative care">Palliative care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pediatrics" title="Pediatrics">Pediatrics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neonatology" title="Neonatology">Neonatology</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phlebologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Phlebologist">Phlebology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physical_medicine_and_rehabilitation" title="Physical medicine and rehabilitation">Physical medicine and rehabilitation</a> (PM&R)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preventive_healthcare" title="Preventive healthcare">Preventive medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prison_healthcare" title="Prison healthcare">Prison healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychiatry" title="Psychiatry">Psychiatry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Addiction_psychiatry" title="Addiction psychiatry">Addiction psychiatry</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiation_therapy" title="Radiation therapy">Radiation oncology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reproductive_medicine" title="Reproductive medicine">Reproductive medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_medicine" title="Sexual medicine">Sexual medicine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Venereology" title="Venereology">Venereology</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sleep_medicine" title="Sleep medicine">Sleep medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_medicine" title="Sports medicine">Sports medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organ_transplantation" title="Organ transplantation">Transplantation medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropical_medicine" title="Tropical medicine">Tropical medicine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Travel_medicine" title="Travel medicine">Travel medicine</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Medical_education" title="Medical education">Medical<br />education</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Medical_school" title="Medical school">Medical school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Medicine,_Bachelor_of_Surgery" title="Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery">Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Medical_Sciences" title="Bachelor of Medical Sciences">Bachelor of Medical Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_of_Medicine" title="Master of Medicine">Master of Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_of_Surgery" title="Master of Surgery">Master of Surgery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Medicine" title="Doctor of Medicine">Doctor of Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Osteopathic_Medicine" title="Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine">Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MD%E2%80%93PhD" title="MD–PhD">MD–PhD</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Medical_Scientist_Training_Program" title="Medical Scientist Training Program">Medical Scientist Training Program</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_medicine" title="Alternative medicine">Alternative medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allied_health_professions" title="Allied health professions">Allied health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molecular_oncology" title="Molecular oncology">Molecular oncology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanomedicine" title="Nanomedicine">Nanomedicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personalized_medicine" title="Personalized medicine">Personalized medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_health" title="Public health">Public health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rural_health" title="Rural health">Rural health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Therapy" title="Therapy">Therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_medicine" title="Traditional medicine">Traditional medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veterinary_medicine" title="Veterinary medicine">Veterinary medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physician" title="Physician">Physician</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_physician" title="Chief physician">Chief physician</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_medicine" title="History of medicine">History of medicine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Medicine" title="Category:Medicine">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Medicine" class="extiw" title="commons:Medicine">Commons</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="WikiProject"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/16px-People_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/24px-People_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/32px-People_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Medicine" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Medicine">Wikiproject</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Medicine" title="Portal:Medicine">Portal</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Outline"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/10px-Global_thinking.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/15px-Global_thinking.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/21px-Global_thinking.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="200" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_medicine" title="Outline of medicine">Outline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/WHO_Rod.svg/8px-WHO_Rod.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/WHO_Rod.svg/12px-WHO_Rod.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/WHO_Rod.svg/16px-WHO_Rod.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="107" data-file-height="250" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Medicine" title="Portal:Medicine">Medicine</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Social_sciences.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Social_sciences.svg/21px-Social_sciences.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Social_sciences.svg/32px-Social_sciences.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Social_sciences.svg/42px-Social_sciences.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="139" data-file-height="122" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Society" title="Portal:Society">Society</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/WHO_Rod.svg/8px-WHO_Rod.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/WHO_Rod.svg/12px-WHO_Rod.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/WHO_Rod.svg/16px-WHO_Rod.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="107" data-file-height="250" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Health_care" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Health care">Health care</a></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Medical care - Use as a topical subdivision under classes of persons, ethnic groups, military services, and individual wars"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh00005607">United States</a></span></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Medical care"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85082871">2</a></span></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Soins médicaux"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11971647v">France</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Soins médicaux"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11971647v">BnF data</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00564231">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="zdravotnictví"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph127574&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="lékařská péče"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph134871&CON_LNG=ENG">2</a></span></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Medical care"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007560396505171">Israel</a></span></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10636505">NARA</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://esu.com.ua/search_articles.php?id=16755">Encyclopedia of Modern Ukraine</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Health_care&oldid=1256632371">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Health_care&oldid=1256632371</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" 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