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Available in 64 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-64" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">64 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17580674 badge-featuredportal mw-list-item" title="featured portal badge"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A9:%D8%B7%D8%A8" title="بوابة:طب – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بوابة:طب" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vouiquip%C3%A8dia:Port%C3%A2l:M%C3%A8decina" title="Vouiquipèdia:Portâl:Mèdecina – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Vouiquipèdia:Portâl:Mèdecina" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ok%E1%BA%BDndusu:Pohanokuaa" title="Okẽndusu:Pohanokuaa – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Okẽndusu:Pohanokuaa" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB:%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Портал:Медицина – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Портал:Медицина" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Tibb" title="Portal:Tibb – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Portal:Tibb" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0:%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A7%8E%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE" title="প্রবেশদ্বার:চিকিৎসাবিদ্যা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="প্রবেশদ্বার:চিকিৎসাবিদ্যা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB:%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Портал:Медицина – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Портал:Медицина" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Medicina" title="Portal:Medicina – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Portal:Medicina" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Ci%C3%A8ncies_de_la_salut" title="Portal:Ciències de la salut – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Portal:Ciències de la salut" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port%C3%A1l:Medic%C3%ADna" title="Portál:Medicína – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Portál:Medicína" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9:%D8%B7%D8%A8" title="قيسارية:طب – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="قيسارية:طب" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17580674 badge-featuredportal mw-list-item" title="featured portal badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Medizin" title="Portal:Medizin – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Portal:Medizin" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portaal:Meditsiin" title="Portaal:Meditsiin – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Portaal:Meditsiin" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%8D%CE%BB%CE%B7:%CE%99%CE%B1%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE" title="Πύλη:Ιατρική – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πύλη:Ιατρική" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Medicina" title="Portal:Medicina – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Portal:Medicina" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portalo:Medicino" title="Portalo:Medicino – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Portalo:Medicino" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa badge-Q17506997 badge-featuredlist mw-list-item" title="featured list badge"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B1%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87:%D9%BE%D8%B2%D8%B4%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="درگاه:پزشکی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="درگاه:پزشکی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portail:M%C3%A9decine" title="Portail:Médecine – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Portail:Médecine" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%AC:%D4%B2%D5%AA%D5%B7%D5%AF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Պորտալ:Բժշկություն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պորտալ:Բժշկություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0:%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5_%E0%A4%94%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="प्रवेशद्वार:स्वास्थ और आयुर्विज्ञान – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="प्रवेशद्वार:स्वास्थ और आयुर्विज्ञान" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Kedokteran" title="Portal:Kedokteran – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Portal:Kedokteran" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portale:Medicina" title="Portale:Medicina – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Portale:Medicina" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%98%D7%9C:%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%90%D7%94" title="פורטל:רפואה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פורטל:רפואה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98:%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="პორტალი:მედიცინა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="პორტალი:მედიცინა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB:%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Портал:Медицина – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Портал:Медицина" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lango:Tiba" title="Lango:Tiba – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Lango:Tiba" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B2tay:medsin" title="Pòtay:medsin – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Pòtay:medsin" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port%C4%81ls:Medic%C4%ABna" title="Portāls:Medicīna – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Portāls:Medicīna" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port%C3%A1l:Orvostudom%C3%A1ny" title="Portál:Orvostudomány – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Portál:Orvostudomány" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB:%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Портал:Медицина – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Портал:Медицина" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" title="കവാടം:വൈദ്യശാസ്ത്രം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കവാടം:വൈദ്യശാസ്ത്രം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%A8:%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="दालन:वैद्यकशास्त्र – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="दालन:वैद्यकशास्त्र" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A9:%D8%B7%D8%A8" title="بوابة:طب – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بوابة:طب" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mnw mw-list-item"><a href="https://mnw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%95%E1%80%AB%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%AF%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA:%E1%80%95%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B1%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%91%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AF%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA" title="ပါင်မုက်:ပရေင်ထတ်ယုက် – Mon" lang="mnw" hreflang="mnw" data-title="ပါင်မုက်:ပရေင်ထတ်ယုက်" data-language-autonym="ဘာသာမန်" data-language-local-name="Mon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ဘာသာမန်</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Perubatan" title="Portal:Perubatan – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Portal:Perubatan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portaal:Geneeskunde" title="Portaal:Geneeskunde – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Portaal:Geneeskunde" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6%E3%81%A8%E5%8C%BB%E7%99%82" title="Portal:医学と医療 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="Portal:医学と医療" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Medecina" title="Portal:Medecina – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Portal:Medecina" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Tibbiyot" title="Portal:Tibbiyot – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Portal:Tibbiyot" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%87:%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%84%DA%AB%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="تانبه:درملګري – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="تانبه:درملګري" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Nauki_medyczne" title="Portal:Nauki medyczne – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Portal:Nauki medyczne" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Medicina" title="Portal:Medicina – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Portal:Medicina" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Medicin%C4%83" title="Portal:Medicină – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Portal:Medicină" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punku_p%27anqa:_Hampi_yachay" title="Punku p'anqa: Hampi yachay – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Punku p'anqa: Hampi yachay" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB:%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Портал:Медицина – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Портал:Медицина" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Mjek%C3%ABsi" title="Portal:Mjekësi – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Portal:Mjekësi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a 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class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Caafimaad" title="Portal:Caafimaad – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Portal:Caafimaad" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%95%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%95:%D9%BE%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B4%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="دەروازە:پزیشکی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="دەروازە:پزیشکی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr badge-Q17580674 badge-featuredportal mw-list-item" title="featured portal badge"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB:%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Портал:Медицина – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Портал:Медицина" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teemasivu:L%C3%A4%C3%A4ketiede" title="Teemasivu:Lääketiede – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Teemasivu:Lääketiede" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Medicin" title="Portal:Medicin – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Portal:Medicin" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D:%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="வலைவாசல்:மருத்துவம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வலைவாசல்:மருத்துவம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aggur:Tasnijjit" title="Aggur:Tasnijjit – Tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Aggur:Tasnijjit" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a 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.portal-column-right-extra-narrow{float:inherit;width:inherit}}</style> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Wikipedia portal for content related to Medicine</div> <div style="font-size:85%;"><span class="anchor" id="portals-browsebar"></span><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist noprint" style="text-align: center"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portal topics</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals#Human_activities" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Activities</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals#Culture_and_the_arts" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Culture</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals#Geography_and_places" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Geography</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals#Health_and_fitness" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Health</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals#History_and_events" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">History</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals#Mathematics_and_logic" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Mathematics</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals#Natural_and_physical_sciences" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Nature</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals#People_and_self" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">People</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals#Philosophy_and_thinking" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Philosophy</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals#Religion_and_belief_systems" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Religion</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals#Society_and_social_sciences" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Society</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals#Technology_and_applied_sciences" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Technology</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Special:RandomInCategory/All_portals" title="Special:RandomInCategory/All portals">Random portal</a></dd></dl> </div></div> <div style="background:#FFFFFF; border-style:solid; border-width:1px; border-color:gray; padding:8px;"> <div style="clear:both; width:100%"> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:white;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid #3673c5;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#3673c5;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:1px 1px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><h2 id="The_Medicine_Portal" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:white;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em"><big>The Medicine Portal</big></h2></div><div style="color:black;opacity:1;border:1px solid #3673c5;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#ffffff;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pellegrinaio_Santa_Maria_della_Scala_n5.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Pellegrinaio_Santa_Maria_della_Scala_n5.jpg/240px-Pellegrinaio_Santa_Maria_della_Scala_n5.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Pellegrinaio_Santa_Maria_della_Scala_n5.jpg/360px-Pellegrinaio_Santa_Maria_della_Scala_n5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Pellegrinaio_Santa_Maria_della_Scala_n5.jpg/480px-Pellegrinaio_Santa_Maria_della_Scala_n5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1820" data-file-height="1460" /></a><figcaption>The color fresco <i>Care of The Sick</i> by <a href="/wiki/Domenico_di_Bartolo" title="Domenico di Bartolo">Domenico di Bartolo</a>, 1441–1442, depicting the <a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_della_Scala_(Siena)" class="mw-redirect" title="Santa Maria della Scala (Siena)">Santa Maria della Scala</a> hospital in Siena, Italy</figcaption></figure> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Medicine" title="Medicine">Medicine</a></b> is the <a href="/wiki/Science" title="Science">science</a> and <a href="/wiki/Praxis_(process)" title="Praxis (process)">practice</a> of caring for patients, managing the <a href="/wiki/Medical_diagnosis" title="Medical diagnosis">diagnosis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prognosis" title="Prognosis">prognosis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Preventive_medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="Preventive medicine">prevention</a>, <a href="/wiki/Therapy" title="Therapy">treatment</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palliative_care" title="Palliative care">palliation</a> of their <a href="/wiki/Injury" title="Injury">injury</a> or <a href="/wiki/Disease" title="Disease">disease</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Health_promotion" title="Health promotion">promoting their health</a>. Medicine encompasses a variety of <a href="/wiki/Health_care" title="Health care">health care</a> practices evolved to maintain and restore <a href="/wiki/Health" title="Health">health</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Prevention_(medical)" class="mw-redirect" title="Prevention (medical)">prevention</a> and treatment of <a href="/wiki/Illness" class="mw-redirect" title="Illness">illness</a>. Contemporary medicine applies <a href="/wiki/Biomedical_sciences" title="Biomedical sciences">biomedical sciences</a>, <a href="/wiki/Biomedical_research" class="mw-redirect" title="Biomedical research">biomedical research</a>, <a href="/wiki/Medical_genetics" title="Medical genetics">genetics</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Medical_technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Medical technology">medical technology</a> to <a href="/wiki/Diagnosis_(medical)" class="mw-redirect" title="Diagnosis (medical)">diagnose</a>, treat, and prevent injury and disease, typically through <a href="/wiki/Pharmaceutical" class="mw-redirect" title="Pharmaceutical">pharmaceuticals</a> or <a href="/wiki/Surgery" title="Surgery">surgery</a>, but also through therapies as diverse as <a href="/wiki/Psychotherapy" title="Psychotherapy">psychotherapy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Splint_(medicine)" title="Splint (medicine)">external splints and traction</a>, <a href="/wiki/Medical_device" title="Medical device">medical devices</a>, <a href="/wiki/Biologic_medical_product" class="mw-redirect" title="Biologic medical product">biologics</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Radiation_(medicine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Radiation (medicine)">ionizing radiation</a>, amongst others. </p><p>Medicine has been practiced since <a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_medicine" title="Prehistoric medicine">prehistoric times</a>, and for most of this time it was an <a href="/wiki/Art" title="Art">art</a> (an area of creativity and skill), frequently having connections to the <a href="/wiki/Religion" title="Religion">religious</a> and <a href="/wiki/Philosophy" title="Philosophy">philosophical</a> beliefs of local culture. For example, a <a href="/wiki/Medicine_man" title="Medicine man">medicine man</a> would apply <a href="/wiki/Herbs" class="mw-redirect" title="Herbs">herbs</a> and say <a href="/wiki/Prayer" title="Prayer">prayers</a> for healing, or an ancient <a href="/wiki/Philosopher" class="mw-redirect" title="Philosopher">philosopher</a> and <a href="/wiki/Physician" title="Physician">physician</a> would apply <a href="/wiki/Bloodletting" title="Bloodletting">bloodletting</a> according to the theories of <a href="/wiki/Humorism" title="Humorism">humorism</a>. In recent centuries, since the <a href="/wiki/History_of_science" title="History of science">advent of modern science</a>, most medicine has become a combination of art and science (both <a href="/wiki/Fundamental_science" class="mw-redirect" title="Fundamental science">basic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Applied_science" title="Applied science">applied</a>, under the <a href="/wiki/Umbrella_term" class="mw-redirect" title="Umbrella term">umbrella</a> of <b>medical science</b>). For example, while stitching technique for <a href="/wiki/Surgical_suture" title="Surgical suture">sutures</a> is an art learned through practice, knowledge of what happens at the <a href="/wiki/Cytology" class="mw-redirect" title="Cytology">cellular</a> and <a href="/wiki/Molecular_medicine" title="Molecular medicine">molecular</a> level in the tissues being stitched arises through science. </p><p>Prescientific forms of medicine, now known as <a href="/wiki/Traditional_medicine" title="Traditional medicine">traditional medicine</a> or <i>folk medicine</i>, remain commonly used in the absence of scientific medicine and are thus called <a href="/wiki/Alternative_medicine" title="Alternative medicine">alternative medicine</a>. Alternative treatments outside of scientific medicine with ethical, safety and efficacy concerns are termed <a href="/wiki/Quackery" title="Quackery">quackery</a>. 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margin:-4em auto;"><div class="nomobile"></div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-slideshow switcher-container"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 1 A CT scan showing a pulmonary contusion (red arrow) accompanied by a rib fracture (purple arrow) A pulmonary contusion, also known as lung contusion, is a bruise of the lung, caused by chest trauma. As a result of damage to capillaries, blood and other fluids accumulate in the lung tissue. The excess fluid interferes with gas exchange, potentially leading to inadequate oxygen levels (hypoxia). Unlike pulmonary laceration, another type of lung injury, pulmonary contusion does not involve a cut or tear of the lung tissue. A pulmonary contusion is usually caused directly by blunt trauma but can also result from explosion injuries or a shock wave associated with penetrating trauma. With the use of explosives during World Wars I and II, pulmonary contusion resulting from blasts gained recognition. In the 1960s its occurrence in civilians began to receive wider recognition, in which cases it is usually caused by traffic accidents. The use of seat belts and airbags reduces the risk to vehicle occupants. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 1 A CT scan showing a pulmonary contusion (red arrow) accompanied by a rib fracture (purple arrow) A pulmonary contusion, also known as lung contusion, is a bruise of the lung, caused by chest trauma. As a result of damage to capillaries, blood and other fluids accumulate in the lung tissue. The excess fluid interferes with gas exchange, potentially leading to inadequate oxygen levels (hypoxia). Unlike pulmonary laceration, another type of lung injury, pulmonary contusion does not involve a cut or tear of the lung tissue. A pulmonary contusion is usually caused directly by blunt trauma but can also result from explosion injuries or a shock wave associated with penetrating trauma. With the use of explosives during World Wars I and II, pulmonary contusion resulting from blasts gained recognition. In the 1960s its occurrence in civilians began to receive wider recognition, in which cases it is usually caused by traffic accidents. The use of seat belts and airbags reduces the risk to vehicle occupants. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 1</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><div class="thumb tleft" style="overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:308px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="width:auto;overflow:auto;"><div style="white-space:normal"><br /><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Pulmonary_contusion_CT_arrow.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Pulmonary_contusion_CT_arrow.jpg/220px-Pulmonary_contusion_CT_arrow.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Pulmonary_contusion_CT_arrow.jpg/330px-Pulmonary_contusion_CT_arrow.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Pulmonary_contusion_CT_arrow.jpg/440px-Pulmonary_contusion_CT_arrow.jpg 2x" data-file-width="853" data-file-height="627" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="center">A <a href="/wiki/CT_scan" title="CT scan">CT scan</a> showing a pulmonary contusion (red arrow) accompanied by a <a href="/wiki/Rib_fracture" title="Rib fracture">rib fracture</a> (purple arrow)</div></div></div></div><br />A <b><a href="/wiki/Pulmonary_contusion" title="Pulmonary contusion">pulmonary contusion</a></b>, also known as <b>lung contusion</b>, is a <a href="/wiki/Bruise" title="Bruise">bruise</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Lung" title="Lung">lung</a>, caused by <a href="/wiki/Chest_trauma" class="mw-redirect" title="Chest trauma">chest trauma</a>. As a result of damage to <a href="/wiki/Capillary" title="Capillary">capillaries</a>, blood and other fluids accumulate in the lung tissue. The excess fluid interferes with <a href="/wiki/Gas_exchange" title="Gas exchange">gas exchange</a>, potentially leading to inadequate oxygen levels (<a href="/wiki/Hypoxia_(medical)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hypoxia (medical)">hypoxia</a>). Unlike <a href="/wiki/Pulmonary_laceration" title="Pulmonary laceration">pulmonary laceration</a>, another type of lung injury, pulmonary contusion does not involve a cut or tear of the lung tissue.<br /><br /><br />A pulmonary contusion is usually caused directly by <a href="/wiki/Blunt_trauma" title="Blunt trauma">blunt trauma</a> but can also result from explosion injuries or a <a href="/wiki/Shock_wave" title="Shock wave">shock wave</a> associated with <a href="/wiki/Penetrating_trauma" title="Penetrating trauma">penetrating trauma</a>. With the use of explosives during World Wars I and II, pulmonary contusion resulting from blasts gained recognition. In the 1960s its occurrence in civilians began to receive wider recognition, in which cases it is usually caused by traffic accidents. The use of seat belts and airbags reduces the risk to vehicle occupants. (<b><a href="/wiki/Pulmonary_contusion" title="Pulmonary contusion">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 2 Buruli ulcer lesions. Top-left, an early ulcer. Top-right, a larger ulcer across the lower arm and wrist. Bottom, a large ulcer on the thigh. Buruli ulcer (/bəˈruːli/) is an infectious disease characterized by the development of painless open wounds. The disease is limited to certain areas of the world, most cases occurring in Sub-Saharan Africa and Australia. The first sign of infection is a small painless nodule or area of swelling, typically on the arms or legs. The nodule grows larger over days to weeks, eventually forming an open ulcer. Deep ulcers can cause scarring of muscles and tendons, resulting in permanent disability. Buruli ulcer is caused by skin infection with bacteria called Mycobacterium ulcerans. The mechanism by which M. ulcerans is transmitted from the environment to humans is not known, but may involve the bite of an aquatic insect or the infection of open wounds. Once in the skin, M. ulcerans grows and releases the toxin mycolactone, which blocks the normal function of cells, resulting in tissue death and immune suppression at the site of the ulcer. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 2 Buruli ulcer lesions. Top-left, an early ulcer. Top-right, a larger ulcer across the lower arm and wrist. Bottom, a large ulcer on the thigh. Buruli ulcer (/bəˈruːli/) is an infectious disease characterized by the development of painless open wounds. The disease is limited to certain areas of the world, most cases occurring in Sub-Saharan Africa and Australia. The first sign of infection is a small painless nodule or area of swelling, typically on the arms or legs. The nodule grows larger over days to weeks, eventually forming an open ulcer. Deep ulcers can cause scarring of muscles and tendons, resulting in permanent disability. Buruli ulcer is caused by skin infection with bacteria called Mycobacterium ulcerans. The mechanism by which M. ulcerans is transmitted from the environment to humans is not known, but may involve the bite of an aquatic insect or the infection of open wounds. Once in the skin, M. ulcerans grows and releases the toxin mycolactone, which blocks the normal function of cells, resulting in tissue death and immune suppression at the site of the ulcer. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 2</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><div class="thumb tleft" style="overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:308px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="width:auto;overflow:auto;"><div style="white-space:normal"><br /><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Buruli_ulcers_grouped_image.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Buruli_ulcers_grouped_image.png/220px-Buruli_ulcers_grouped_image.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="211" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Buruli_ulcers_grouped_image.png/330px-Buruli_ulcers_grouped_image.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Buruli_ulcers_grouped_image.png/440px-Buruli_ulcers_grouped_image.png 2x" data-file-width="482" data-file-height="463" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="center">Buruli ulcer lesions. Top-left, an early ulcer. Top-right, a larger ulcer across the lower arm and wrist. Bottom, a large ulcer on the thigh.</div></div></div></div><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Buruli_ulcer" title="Buruli ulcer">Buruli ulcer</a></b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/uː/: 'oo' in 'goose'">uː</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span></span>/</a></span></span>) is an <a href="/wiki/Infectious_disease" class="mw-redirect" title="Infectious disease">infectious disease</a> characterized by the development of painless open wounds. The disease is limited to certain areas of the world, most cases occurring in Sub-Saharan Africa and Australia. The first sign of infection is a small painless <a href="/wiki/Nodule_(medicine)" title="Nodule (medicine)">nodule</a> or area of swelling, typically on the arms or legs. The nodule grows larger over days to weeks, eventually forming an open <a href="/wiki/Ulcer_(dermatology)" title="Ulcer (dermatology)">ulcer</a>. Deep ulcers can cause scarring of <a href="/wiki/Muscle" title="Muscle">muscles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tendon" title="Tendon">tendons</a>, resulting in permanent disability.<br /><br />Buruli ulcer is caused by skin infection with <a href="/wiki/Bacteria" title="Bacteria">bacteria</a> called <i><a href="/wiki/Mycobacterium_ulcerans" title="Mycobacterium ulcerans">Mycobacterium ulcerans</a></i>. The mechanism by which <i>M. ulcerans</i> is transmitted from the environment to humans is not known, but may involve the bite of an aquatic insect or the infection of open wounds. Once in the skin, <i>M. ulcerans</i> grows and releases the toxin <a href="/wiki/Mycolactone" title="Mycolactone">mycolactone</a>, which blocks the normal function of cells, resulting in <a href="/wiki/Necrosis" title="Necrosis">tissue death</a> and <a href="/wiki/Immune_suppression" class="mw-redirect" title="Immune suppression">immune suppression</a> at the site of the ulcer. (<b><a href="/wiki/Buruli_ulcer" title="Buruli ulcer">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 3 Rolph, c. 1870 John Rolph (4 March 1793 – 19 October 1870) was a Canadian physician, lawyer, and political figure. As a politician, he was considered the leader of the Reform faction in the 1820s and helped plan the Upper Canada Rebellion. As a doctor, he founded several medical schools and incorporated new teaching techniques and medical procedures into his lectures. However, his actions against rival medical schools decreased public confidence in the ability of medical professionals to regulate themselves. Rolph grew up in England and was educated in medicine and law. He immigrated to Upper Canada in 1813 and lived on his father's farm in Port Talbot, where he practiced law and medicine concurrently and opened a medical school called the Talbot Dispensary. In 1824, Rolph was elected to the Parliament of Upper Canada and returned to England to petition the Colonial Office to allow the naturalization of American citizens in Canada. He was elected as an alderman to Toronto's first city council, though he resigned after his council colleagues did not select him to be the city's mayor. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 3 Rolph, c. 1870 John Rolph (4 March 1793 – 19 October 1870) was a Canadian physician, lawyer, and political figure. As a politician, he was considered the leader of the Reform faction in the 1820s and helped plan the Upper Canada Rebellion. As a doctor, he founded several medical schools and incorporated new teaching techniques and medical procedures into his lectures. However, his actions against rival medical schools decreased public confidence in the ability of medical professionals to regulate themselves. Rolph grew up in England and was educated in medicine and law. He immigrated to Upper Canada in 1813 and lived on his father's farm in Port Talbot, where he practiced law and medicine concurrently and opened a medical school called the Talbot Dispensary. In 1824, Rolph was elected to the Parliament of Upper Canada and returned to England to petition the Colonial Office to allow the naturalization of American citizens in Canada. He was elected as an alderman to Toronto's first city council, though he resigned after his council colleagues did not select him to be the city's mayor. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 3</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><div class="thumb tleft" style="overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:308px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="width:auto;overflow:auto;"><div style="white-space:normal"><br /><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Rolph_Portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/John_Rolph_Portrait.jpg/220px-John_Rolph_Portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="294" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/John_Rolph_Portrait.jpg/330px-John_Rolph_Portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/John_Rolph_Portrait.jpg/440px-John_Rolph_Portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="586" data-file-height="783" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="center">Rolph, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1870</span></div></div></div></div><br /><b><a href="/wiki/John_Rolph" title="John Rolph">John Rolph</a></b> (4 March 1793 – 19 October 1870) was a Canadian physician, lawyer, and political figure. As a politician, he was considered the leader of the <a href="/wiki/Reform_movement_(Upper_Canada)" title="Reform movement (Upper Canada)">Reform faction in the 1820s</a> and helped plan the <a href="/wiki/Upper_Canada_Rebellion" title="Upper Canada Rebellion">Upper Canada Rebellion</a>. As a doctor, he founded several medical schools and incorporated new teaching techniques and medical procedures into his lectures. However, his actions against rival medical schools decreased public confidence in the ability of medical professionals to regulate themselves.<br /><br />Rolph grew up in England and was educated in medicine and law. He immigrated to <a href="/wiki/Upper_Canada" title="Upper Canada">Upper Canada</a> in 1813 and lived on his father's farm in <a href="/wiki/Port_Talbot,_Ontario" title="Port Talbot, Ontario">Port Talbot</a>, where he practiced law and medicine concurrently and opened a medical school called the Talbot Dispensary. In 1824, Rolph was elected to the <a href="/wiki/9th_Parliament_of_Upper_Canada" title="9th Parliament of Upper Canada">Parliament of Upper Canada</a> and returned to England to petition the <a href="/wiki/Colonial_Office" title="Colonial Office">Colonial Office</a> to allow the <a href="/wiki/Naturalization" title="Naturalization">naturalization</a> of American citizens in Canada. He was elected as an <a href="/wiki/Alderman" title="Alderman">alderman</a> to <a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a>'s first city council, though he resigned after his council colleagues did not select him to be the city's mayor. (<b><a href="/wiki/John_Rolph" title="John Rolph">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 4 White in 1989 Ryan Wayne White (December 6, 1971 – April 8, 1990) was an American teenager from Kokomo, Indiana, who became a national poster child for HIV/AIDS in the United States after his school barred him from attending classes following a diagnosis of AIDS. As a hemophiliac, White became infected with HIV from a contaminated factor VIII blood treatment and, when diagnosed in December 1984, was given six months to live. Doctors said he posed no risk to other students, as AIDS is not an airborne disease and spreads solely through bodily fluids, but AIDS was poorly understood by the general public at the time. When White tried to return to school, irate parents and teachers in Howard County rallied against his attendance due to unwarranted concerns of the disease spreading to other students and staff. A lengthy administrative appeal process ensued, and news of the conflict turned White into a popular celebrity and advocate for AIDS research and public education. Surprising his doctors, White lived five years longer than predicted. He died on April 8, 1990, one month before his high school graduation. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 4 White in 1989 Ryan Wayne White (December 6, 1971 – April 8, 1990) was an American teenager from Kokomo, Indiana, who became a national poster child for HIV/AIDS in the United States after his school barred him from attending classes following a diagnosis of AIDS. As a hemophiliac, White became infected with HIV from a contaminated factor VIII blood treatment and, when diagnosed in December 1984, was given six months to live. Doctors said he posed no risk to other students, as AIDS is not an airborne disease and spreads solely through bodily fluids, but AIDS was poorly understood by the general public at the time. When White tried to return to school, irate parents and teachers in Howard County rallied against his attendance due to unwarranted concerns of the disease spreading to other students and staff. A lengthy administrative appeal process ensued, and news of the conflict turned White into a popular celebrity and advocate for AIDS research and public education. Surprising his doctors, White lived five years longer than predicted. He died on April 8, 1990, one month before his high school graduation. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 4</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><div class="thumb tleft" style="overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:308px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="width:auto;overflow:auto;"><div style="white-space:normal"><br /><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Ryan_White.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/97/Ryan_White.jpg" decoding="async" width="162" height="216" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="162" data-file-height="216" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="center">White in 1989</div></div></div></div><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Ryan_White" title="Ryan White">Ryan Wayne White</a></b> (December 6, 1971 – April 8, 1990) was an American teenager from <a href="/wiki/Kokomo,_Indiana" title="Kokomo, Indiana">Kokomo, Indiana</a>, who became a national <a href="/wiki/Poster_child" title="Poster child">poster child</a> for <a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_the_United_States" title="HIV/AIDS in the United States">HIV/AIDS in the United States</a> after his school barred him from attending classes following a diagnosis of AIDS. <br /><br />As a <a href="/wiki/Hemophilia" class="mw-redirect" title="Hemophilia">hemophiliac</a>, White became infected with HIV from a contaminated <a href="/wiki/Factor_VIII_(medication)" title="Factor VIII (medication)">factor VIII</a> blood treatment and, when diagnosed in December 1984, was given six months to live. Doctors said he posed no risk to other students, as AIDS is not an <a href="/wiki/Airborne_transmission" title="Airborne transmission">airborne disease</a> and spreads solely through <a href="/wiki/Body_fluid" title="Body fluid">bodily fluids</a>, but AIDS was poorly understood by the general public at the time. When White tried to return to school, irate parents and teachers in <a href="/wiki/Howard_County,_Indiana" title="Howard County, Indiana">Howard County</a> rallied against his attendance due to unwarranted concerns of the disease spreading to other students and staff. A lengthy administrative appeal process ensued, and news of the conflict turned White into a popular celebrity and <a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_activism" title="HIV/AIDS activism">advocate</a> for <a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_research" title="HIV/AIDS research">AIDS research</a> and <a href="/wiki/State_school" title="State school">public education</a>. Surprising his doctors, White lived five years longer than predicted. He died on April 8, 1990, one month before his high school <a href="/wiki/Graduation" title="Graduation">graduation</a>. (<b><a href="/wiki/Ryan_White" title="Ryan White">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 5 Liver histology is altered in HRS while kidney histology is normal. The upper image is a trichrome stain (chicken wire appearance) cirrhosis of the liver, the most common cause of HRS. The lower image is a PAS stain of normal kidney histology. Hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) is a life-threatening medical condition that consists of rapid deterioration in kidney function in individuals with cirrhosis or fulminant liver failure. HRS is usually fatal unless a liver transplant is performed, although various treatments, such as dialysis, can prevent advancement of the condition. HRS can affect individuals with cirrhosis, severe alcoholic hepatitis, or liver failure, and usually occurs when liver function deteriorates rapidly because of a sudden insult such as an infection, bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract, or overuse of diuretic medications. HRS is a relatively common complication of cirrhosis, occurring in 18% of people within one year of their diagnosis, and in 39% within five years of their diagnosis. Deteriorating liver function is believed to cause changes in the circulation that supplies the intestines, altering blood flow and blood vessel tone in the kidneys. The kidney failure of HRS is a consequence of these changes in blood flow, rather than direct damage to the kidney. The diagnosis of hepatorenal syndrome is based on laboratory tests of individuals susceptible to the condition. Two forms of hepatorenal syndrome have been defined: Type 1 HRS entails a rapidly progressive decline in kidney function, while type 2 HRS is associated with ascites (fluid accumulation in the abdomen) that does not improve with standard diuretic medications. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 5 Liver histology is altered in HRS while kidney histology is normal. The upper image is a trichrome stain (chicken wire appearance) cirrhosis of the liver, the most common cause of HRS. The lower image is a PAS stain of normal kidney histology. Hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) is a life-threatening medical condition that consists of rapid deterioration in kidney function in individuals with cirrhosis or fulminant liver failure. HRS is usually fatal unless a liver transplant is performed, although various treatments, such as dialysis, can prevent advancement of the condition. HRS can affect individuals with cirrhosis, severe alcoholic hepatitis, or liver failure, and usually occurs when liver function deteriorates rapidly because of a sudden insult such as an infection, bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract, or overuse of diuretic medications. HRS is a relatively common complication of cirrhosis, occurring in 18% of people within one year of their diagnosis, and in 39% within five years of their diagnosis. Deteriorating liver function is believed to cause changes in the circulation that supplies the intestines, altering blood flow and blood vessel tone in the kidneys. The kidney failure of HRS is a consequence of these changes in blood flow, rather than direct damage to the kidney. The diagnosis of hepatorenal syndrome is based on laboratory tests of individuals susceptible to the condition. Two forms of hepatorenal syndrome have been defined: Type 1 HRS entails a rapidly progressive decline in kidney function, while type 2 HRS is associated with ascites (fluid accumulation in the abdomen) that does not improve with standard diuretic medications. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 5</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><div class="thumb tleft" style="overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:308px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="width:auto;overflow:auto;"><div style="white-space:normal"><br /><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Cirrhosis_high_mag.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Photomicrograph of liver section stained in red, blue, and purple. Large amounts of fibrosis, stained blue, surround the red stained nodules." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Cirrhosis_high_mag.jpg/220px-Cirrhosis_high_mag.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Cirrhosis_high_mag.jpg/330px-Cirrhosis_high_mag.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Cirrhosis_high_mag.jpg/440px-Cirrhosis_high_mag.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4272" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="center">Liver <a href="/wiki/Histology" title="Histology">histology</a> is altered in HRS while kidney histology is normal. The upper image is a <a href="/wiki/Trichrome_stain" class="mw-redirect" title="Trichrome stain">trichrome stain</a> (chicken wire appearance) <a href="/wiki/Cirrhosis" title="Cirrhosis">cirrhosis</a> of the liver, the most common cause of HRS. The lower image is a <a href="/wiki/PAS_stain" class="mw-redirect" title="PAS stain">PAS stain</a> of normal kidney histology.</div></div></div></div><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Hepatorenal_syndrome" title="Hepatorenal syndrome">Hepatorenal syndrome</a></b> (<b>HRS</b>) is a life-threatening medical condition that consists of <a href="/wiki/Acute_kidney_failure" class="mw-redirect" title="Acute kidney failure">rapid deterioration in kidney function</a> in individuals with <a href="/wiki/Cirrhosis" title="Cirrhosis">cirrhosis</a> or <a href="/wiki/Fulminant" title="Fulminant">fulminant</a> <a href="/wiki/Liver_failure" title="Liver failure">liver failure</a>. HRS is usually fatal unless a <a href="/wiki/Liver_transplantation" title="Liver transplantation">liver transplant</a> is performed, although various treatments, such as <a href="/wiki/Kidney_dialysis" title="Kidney dialysis">dialysis</a>, can prevent advancement of the condition.<br /><br />HRS can affect individuals with cirrhosis, severe <a href="/wiki/Alcoholic_hepatitis" title="Alcoholic hepatitis">alcoholic hepatitis</a>, or liver failure, and usually occurs when liver function deteriorates rapidly because of a sudden insult such as an infection, <a href="/wiki/Upper_gastrointestinal_hemorrhage" class="mw-redirect" title="Upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage">bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract</a>, or overuse of <a href="/wiki/Diuretic" title="Diuretic">diuretic</a> medications. HRS is a relatively common complication of cirrhosis, occurring in 18% of people within one year of their diagnosis, and in 39% within five years of their diagnosis. Deteriorating <a href="/wiki/Liver" title="Liver">liver</a> function is believed to cause changes in the <a href="/wiki/Splanchnic_circulation" class="mw-redirect" title="Splanchnic circulation">circulation that supplies the intestines</a>, altering <a href="/wiki/Hemodynamics" title="Hemodynamics">blood flow</a> and blood vessel tone in the <a href="/wiki/Kidney" title="Kidney">kidneys</a>. The kidney failure of HRS is a consequence of these changes in blood flow, rather than direct damage to the kidney. The diagnosis of hepatorenal syndrome is based on laboratory tests of individuals susceptible to the condition. Two forms of hepatorenal syndrome have been defined: Type 1 HRS entails a rapidly progressive decline in kidney function, while type 2 HRS is associated with <a href="/wiki/Ascites" title="Ascites">ascites</a> (fluid accumulation in the abdomen) that does not improve with standard <a href="/wiki/Diuretic" title="Diuretic">diuretic</a> medications. (<b><a href="/wiki/Hepatorenal_syndrome" title="Hepatorenal syndrome">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 6 McGill in her laboratory, 1942 Frances Gertrude McGill (November 18, 1882 – January 21, 1959) was a Canadian forensic pathologist, criminologist, bacteriologist, allergologist and allergist. Nicknamed "the Sherlock Holmes of Saskatchewan" for her deductive skills and public fame, McGill influenced the development of forensic pathology in Canadian police work and was internationally noted for her expertise in the subject. After completing her medical degree at the University of Manitoba in 1915, McGill moved to Saskatchewan, where she was hired first as the provincial bacteriologist and then as the provincial pathologist. She worked extensively with the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) and local police forces for more than thirty years, and was instrumental in establishing the first RCMP forensic laboratory. She directed the RCMP laboratory for three years, and trained new RCMP recruits in forensic detection methods. After retiring in 1946, McGill was appointed Honorary Surgeon for the RCMP by the Canadian Minister of Justice, becoming one of the first official female members of the force, and she continued to act as a consultant to the RCMP until her death in 1959. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 6 McGill in her laboratory, 1942 Frances Gertrude McGill (November 18, 1882 – January 21, 1959) was a Canadian forensic pathologist, criminologist, bacteriologist, allergologist and allergist. Nicknamed "the Sherlock Holmes of Saskatchewan" for her deductive skills and public fame, McGill influenced the development of forensic pathology in Canadian police work and was internationally noted for her expertise in the subject. After completing her medical degree at the University of Manitoba in 1915, McGill moved to Saskatchewan, where she was hired first as the provincial bacteriologist and then as the provincial pathologist. She worked extensively with the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) and local police forces for more than thirty years, and was instrumental in establishing the first RCMP forensic laboratory. She directed the RCMP laboratory for three years, and trained new RCMP recruits in forensic detection methods. After retiring in 1946, McGill was appointed Honorary Surgeon for the RCMP by the Canadian Minister of Justice, becoming one of the first official female members of the force, and she continued to act as a consultant to the RCMP until her death in 1959. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 6</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><div class="thumb tleft" style="overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:308px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="width:auto;overflow:auto;"><div style="white-space:normal"><br /><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Frances_Gertrude_McGill_working_in_laboratory.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Frances_Gertrude_McGill_working_in_laboratory.png/220px-Frances_Gertrude_McGill_working_in_laboratory.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="297" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Frances_Gertrude_McGill_working_in_laboratory.png/330px-Frances_Gertrude_McGill_working_in_laboratory.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Frances_Gertrude_McGill_working_in_laboratory.png/440px-Frances_Gertrude_McGill_working_in_laboratory.png 2x" data-file-width="595" data-file-height="803" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="center">McGill in her laboratory, 1942</div></div></div></div><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Frances_Gertrude_McGill" title="Frances Gertrude McGill">Frances Gertrude McGill</a></b> (November 18, 1882 – January 21, 1959) was a <a href="/wiki/Canadians" title="Canadians">Canadian</a> <a href="/wiki/Forensic_pathology" title="Forensic pathology">forensic pathologist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Criminologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Criminologist">criminologist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bacteriologist" title="Bacteriologist">bacteriologist</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/allergologist" class="extiw" title="wikt:allergologist">allergologist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Allergist" title="Allergist">allergist</a>. Nicknamed "the <a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes" title="Sherlock Holmes">Sherlock Holmes</a> of Saskatchewan" for her deductive skills and public fame, McGill influenced the development of forensic pathology in Canadian police work and was internationally noted for her expertise in the subject.<br /><br />After completing her medical degree at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Manitoba" title="University of Manitoba">University of Manitoba</a> in 1915, McGill moved to <a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan">Saskatchewan</a>, where she was hired first as the provincial <a href="/wiki/Bacteriologist" title="Bacteriologist">bacteriologist</a> and then as the provincial <a href="/wiki/Pathologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Pathologist">pathologist</a>. She worked extensively with the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Mounted_Police" title="Royal Canadian Mounted Police">Royal Canadian Mounted Police</a> (RCMP) and local police forces for more than thirty years, and was instrumental in establishing the first RCMP forensic laboratory. She directed the RCMP laboratory for three years, and trained new RCMP recruits in forensic detection methods. After retiring in 1946, McGill was appointed Honorary Surgeon for the RCMP by the Canadian <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Justice_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Justice (Canada)">Minister of Justice</a>, becoming one of the first official female members of the force, and she continued to act as a consultant to the RCMP until her death in 1959. (<b><a href="/wiki/Frances_Gertrude_McGill" title="Frances Gertrude McGill">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 7 Genetics is the study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity in organisms. It is an important branch in biology because heredity is vital to organisms' evolution. Gregor Mendel, a Moravian Augustinian friar working in the 19th century in Brno, was the first to study genetics scientifically. Mendel studied "trait inheritance", patterns in the way traits are handed down from parents to offspring over time. He observed that organisms (pea plants) inherit traits by way of discrete "units of inheritance". This term, still used today, is a somewhat ambiguous definition of what is referred to as a gene. Trait inheritance and molecular inheritance mechanisms of genes are still primary principles of genetics in the 21st century, but modern genetics has expanded to study the function and behavior of genes. Gene structure and function, variation, and distribution are studied within the context of the cell, the organism (e.g. dominance), and within the context of a population. Genetics has given rise to a number of subfields, including molecular genetics, epigenetics, and population genetics. Organisms studied within the broad field span the domains of life (archaea, bacteria, and eukarya). (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 7 Genetics is the study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity in organisms. It is an important branch in biology because heredity is vital to organisms' evolution. Gregor Mendel, a Moravian Augustinian friar working in the 19th century in Brno, was the first to study genetics scientifically. Mendel studied "trait inheritance", patterns in the way traits are handed down from parents to offspring over time. He observed that organisms (pea plants) inherit traits by way of discrete "units of inheritance". This term, still used today, is a somewhat ambiguous definition of what is referred to as a gene. Trait inheritance and molecular inheritance mechanisms of genes are still primary principles of genetics in the 21st century, but modern genetics has expanded to study the function and behavior of genes. Gene structure and function, variation, and distribution are studied within the context of the cell, the organism (e.g. dominance), and within the context of a population. Genetics has given rise to a number of subfields, including molecular genetics, epigenetics, and population genetics. Organisms studied within the broad field span the domains of life (archaea, bacteria, and eukarya). (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 7</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><b><a href="/wiki/Genetics" title="Genetics">Genetics</a></b> is the study of <a href="/wiki/Gene" title="Gene">genes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Genetic_variation" title="Genetic variation">genetic variation</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Heredity" title="Heredity">heredity</a> in <a href="/wiki/Organism" title="Organism">organisms</a>. It is an important branch in <a href="/wiki/Biology" title="Biology">biology</a> because heredity is vital to organisms' <a href="/wiki/Evolution" title="Evolution">evolution</a>. <a href="/wiki/Gregor_Mendel" title="Gregor Mendel">Gregor Mendel</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Moravia" title="Moravia">Moravian</a> <a href="/wiki/Augustinians" title="Augustinians">Augustinian</a> friar working in the 19th century in <a href="/wiki/Brno" title="Brno">Brno</a>, was the first to study genetics scientifically. Mendel studied "trait inheritance", patterns in the way traits are handed down from parents to offspring over time. He observed that organisms (pea plants) inherit traits by way of discrete "units of inheritance". This term, still used today, is a somewhat ambiguous definition of what is referred to as a gene.<br /><br /><a href="/wiki/Phenotypic_trait" title="Phenotypic trait">Trait</a> inheritance and <a href="/wiki/Molecular_genetics" title="Molecular genetics">molecular</a> inheritance mechanisms of genes are still primary principles of genetics in the 21st century, but modern genetics has expanded to study the function and behavior of genes. Gene structure and function, variation, and distribution are studied within the context of the <a href="/wiki/Cell_(biology)" title="Cell (biology)">cell</a>, the organism (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Dominance_(genetics)" title="Dominance (genetics)">dominance</a>), and within the context of a population. Genetics has given rise to a number of subfields, including <a href="/wiki/Molecular_genetics" title="Molecular genetics">molecular genetics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Epigenetics" title="Epigenetics">epigenetics</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Population_genetics" title="Population genetics">population genetics</a>. Organisms studied within the broad field span the domains of life (<a href="/wiki/Archaea" title="Archaea">archaea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bacteria" title="Bacteria">bacteria</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Eukarya" class="mw-redirect" title="Eukarya">eukarya</a>). (<b><a href="/wiki/Genetics" title="Genetics">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 8 Meninges of the central nervous system: dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater. Meningitis is acute or chronic inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord, collectively called the meninges. The most common symptoms are fever, intense headache, vomiting and neck stiffness and occasionally photophobia. Other symptoms include confusion or altered consciousness, nausea, and an inability to tolerate light or loud noises. Young children often exhibit only nonspecific symptoms, such as irritability, drowsiness, or poor feeding. A non-blanching rash (a rash that does not fade when a glass is rolled over it) may also be present. The inflammation may be caused by infection with viruses, bacteria, fungi or parasites. Non-infectious causes include malignancy (cancer), subarachnoid hemorrhage, chronic inflammatory disease (sarcoidosis) and certain drugs. Meningitis can be life-threatening because of the inflammation's proximity to the brain and spinal cord; therefore, the condition is classified as a medical emergency. A lumbar puncture, in which a needle is inserted into the spinal canal to collect a sample of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), can diagnose or exclude meningitis. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 8 Meninges of the central nervous system: dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater. Meningitis is acute or chronic inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord, collectively called the meninges. The most common symptoms are fever, intense headache, vomiting and neck stiffness and occasionally photophobia. Other symptoms include confusion or altered consciousness, nausea, and an inability to tolerate light or loud noises. Young children often exhibit only nonspecific symptoms, such as irritability, drowsiness, or poor feeding. A non-blanching rash (a rash that does not fade when a glass is rolled over it) may also be present. The inflammation may be caused by infection with viruses, bacteria, fungi or parasites. Non-infectious causes include malignancy (cancer), subarachnoid hemorrhage, chronic inflammatory disease (sarcoidosis) and certain drugs. Meningitis can be life-threatening because of the inflammation's proximity to the brain and spinal cord; therefore, the condition is classified as a medical emergency. A lumbar puncture, in which a needle is inserted into the spinal canal to collect a sample of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), can diagnose or exclude meningitis. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 8</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><div class="thumb tleft" style="overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:308px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="width:auto;overflow:auto;"><div style="white-space:normal"><br /><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Meninges-en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Meninges-en.svg/220px-Meninges-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Meninges-en.svg/330px-Meninges-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Meninges-en.svg/440px-Meninges-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="447" data-file-height="290" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="center">Meninges of the <a href="/wiki/Central_nervous_system" title="Central nervous system">central nervous system</a>: <a href="/wiki/Dura_mater" title="Dura mater">dura mater</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arachnoid_mater" title="Arachnoid mater">arachnoid mater</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pia_mater" title="Pia mater">pia mater</a>.</div></div></div></div><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Meningitis" title="Meningitis">Meningitis</a></b> is <a href="/wiki/Acute_(medical)" class="mw-redirect" title="Acute (medical)">acute</a> or <a href="/wiki/Chronic_meningitis" title="Chronic meningitis">chronic</a> <a href="/wiki/Inflammation" title="Inflammation">inflammation</a> of the protective membranes covering the <a href="/wiki/Brain" title="Brain">brain</a> and <a href="/wiki/Spinal_cord" title="Spinal cord">spinal cord</a>, collectively called the <a href="/wiki/Meninges" title="Meninges">meninges</a>. The most common symptoms are <a href="/wiki/Fever" title="Fever">fever</a>, <a href="/wiki/Headache" title="Headache">intense headache</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vomiting" title="Vomiting">vomiting</a> and <a href="/wiki/Neck_stiffness" title="Neck stiffness">neck stiffness</a> and occasionally <a href="/wiki/Photophobia" title="Photophobia">photophobia</a>. Other symptoms include <a href="/wiki/Mental_confusion" class="mw-redirect" title="Mental confusion">confusion</a> or altered <a href="/wiki/Consciousness" title="Consciousness">consciousness</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nausea" title="Nausea">nausea</a>, and an <a href="/wiki/Photophobia" title="Photophobia">inability to tolerate light</a> or <a href="/wiki/Phonophobia" title="Phonophobia">loud noises</a>. Young children often exhibit only <a href="/wiki/Nonspecific_symptoms" class="mw-redirect" title="Nonspecific symptoms">nonspecific symptoms</a>, such as irritability, drowsiness, or poor feeding. A <a href="/wiki/Non-blanching_rash" title="Non-blanching rash">non-blanching rash</a> (a rash that does not fade when a glass is rolled over it) may also be present.<br /><br />The inflammation may be caused by infection with <a href="/wiki/Virus" title="Virus">viruses</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pathogenic_bacteria" title="Pathogenic bacteria">bacteria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pathogenic_fungus" title="Pathogenic fungus">fungi</a> or <a href="/wiki/Parasites" class="mw-redirect" title="Parasites">parasites</a>. Non-infectious causes include <a href="/wiki/Malignancy" title="Malignancy">malignancy</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cancer" title="Cancer">cancer</a>), <a href="/wiki/Subarachnoid_hemorrhage" title="Subarachnoid hemorrhage">subarachnoid hemorrhage</a>, chronic inflammatory disease (<a href="/wiki/Sarcoidosis" title="Sarcoidosis">sarcoidosis</a>) and certain <a href="/wiki/Medication" title="Medication">drugs</a>. Meningitis can be life-threatening because of the inflammation's proximity to the brain and spinal cord; therefore, the condition is classified as a <a href="/wiki/Medical_emergency" title="Medical emergency">medical emergency</a>. A <a href="/wiki/Lumbar_puncture" title="Lumbar puncture">lumbar puncture</a>, in which a needle is inserted into the <a href="/wiki/Spinal_canal" title="Spinal canal">spinal canal</a> to collect a sample of <a href="/wiki/Cerebrospinal_fluid" title="Cerebrospinal fluid">cerebrospinal fluid</a> (CSF), can diagnose or exclude meningitis. (<b><a href="/wiki/Meningitis" title="Meningitis">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 9 β-Hydroxy β-methylbutyric acid (HMB), otherwise known as its conjugate base, β-hydroxy β-methylbutyrate, is a naturally produced substance in humans that is used as a dietary supplement and as an ingredient in certain medical foods that are intended to promote wound healing and provide nutritional support for people with muscle wasting due to cancer or HIV/AIDS. In healthy adults, supplementation with HMB has been shown to increase exercise-induced gains in muscle size, muscle strength, and lean body mass, reduce skeletal muscle damage from exercise, improve aerobic exercise performance, and expedite recovery from exercise. Medical reviews and meta-analyses indicate that HMB supplementation also helps to preserve or increase lean body mass and muscle strength in individuals experiencing age-related muscle loss. HMB produces these effects in part by stimulating the production of proteins and inhibiting the breakdown of proteins in muscle tissue. No adverse effects from long-term use as a dietary supplement in adults have been found. HMB is sold as a dietary supplement at a cost of about US$30–50 per month when taking 3 grams per day. HMB is also contained in several nutritional products, including certain formulations of Ensure and Juven. HMB is also present in insignificant quantities in certain foods, such as alfalfa, asparagus, avocados, cauliflower, grapefruit, and catfish. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 9 β-Hydroxy β-methylbutyric acid (HMB), otherwise known as its conjugate base, β-hydroxy β-methylbutyrate, is a naturally produced substance in humans that is used as a dietary supplement and as an ingredient in certain medical foods that are intended to promote wound healing and provide nutritional support for people with muscle wasting due to cancer or HIV/AIDS. In healthy adults, supplementation with HMB has been shown to increase exercise-induced gains in muscle size, muscle strength, and lean body mass, reduce skeletal muscle damage from exercise, improve aerobic exercise performance, and expedite recovery from exercise. Medical reviews and meta-analyses indicate that HMB supplementation also helps to preserve or increase lean body mass and muscle strength in individuals experiencing age-related muscle loss. HMB produces these effects in part by stimulating the production of proteins and inhibiting the breakdown of proteins in muscle tissue. No adverse effects from long-term use as a dietary supplement in adults have been found. HMB is sold as a dietary supplement at a cost of about US$30–50 per month when taking 3 grams per day. HMB is also contained in several nutritional products, including certain formulations of Ensure and Juven. HMB is also present in insignificant quantities in certain foods, such as alfalfa, asparagus, avocados, cauliflower, grapefruit, and catfish. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 9</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Beta-Hydroxy_beta-methylbutyric_acid_2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Beta-Hydroxy_beta-methylbutyric_acid_2.svg/220px-Beta-Hydroxy_beta-methylbutyric_acid_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Beta-Hydroxy_beta-methylbutyric_acid_2.svg/330px-Beta-Hydroxy_beta-methylbutyric_acid_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Beta-Hydroxy_beta-methylbutyric_acid_2.svg/440px-Beta-Hydroxy_beta-methylbutyric_acid_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="340" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><br /><b><a href="/wiki/%CE%92-Hydroxy_%CE%B2-methylbutyric_acid" title="Β-Hydroxy β-methylbutyric acid">β-Hydroxy β-methylbutyric acid</a></b> (<b>HMB</b>), otherwise known as its <a href="/wiki/Conjugate_base" class="mw-redirect" title="Conjugate base">conjugate base</a>, <b><span class="nowrap">β-hydroxy</span> <span class="nowrap">β-methylbutyrate</span></b>, is a <a href="/wiki/Natural_product" title="Natural product">naturally produced</a> substance in humans that is used as a <a href="/wiki/Dietary_supplement" title="Dietary supplement">dietary supplement</a> and as an ingredient in certain <a href="/wiki/Medical_food" title="Medical food">medical foods</a> that are intended to promote <a href="/wiki/Wound_healing" title="Wound healing">wound healing</a> and provide nutritional support for people with <a href="/wiki/Muscle_atrophy" title="Muscle atrophy">muscle wasting</a> due to <a href="/wiki/Cancer" title="Cancer">cancer</a> or <a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS" title="HIV/AIDS">HIV/AIDS</a>. In healthy adults, supplementation with HMB has been shown to increase exercise-induced gains in <a href="/wiki/Muscle" title="Muscle">muscle</a> size, muscle strength, and <a href="/wiki/Lean_body_mass" title="Lean body mass">lean body mass</a>, reduce <a href="/wiki/Skeletal_muscle" title="Skeletal muscle">skeletal muscle</a> damage from exercise, improve aerobic exercise performance, and expedite recovery from exercise. <a href="/wiki/Literature_review" title="Literature review">Medical reviews</a> and <a href="/wiki/Meta-analysis" title="Meta-analysis">meta-analyses</a> indicate that HMB supplementation also helps to preserve or increase lean body mass and muscle strength in individuals experiencing <a href="/wiki/Sarcopenia" title="Sarcopenia">age-related muscle loss</a>. HMB produces these effects in part by stimulating the <a href="/wiki/Protein_synthesis" class="mw-redirect" title="Protein synthesis">production of proteins</a> and inhibiting the <a href="/wiki/Protein_breakdown" class="mw-redirect" title="Protein breakdown">breakdown of proteins</a> in muscle tissue. No <a href="/wiki/Adverse_effect" title="Adverse effect">adverse effects</a> from long-term use as a dietary supplement in adults have been found.<br /><br />HMB is sold as a dietary supplement at a cost of about <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">US$</a>30–50</span> per month when taking 3 grams per day. HMB is also contained in several nutritional products, including certain formulations of <a href="/wiki/Ensure" title="Ensure">Ensure</a> and <a href="/wiki/Juven" title="Juven">Juven</a>. HMB is also present in insignificant quantities in certain foods, such as <a href="/wiki/Alfalfa" title="Alfalfa">alfalfa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asparagus" title="Asparagus">asparagus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Avocado" title="Avocado">avocados</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cauliflower" title="Cauliflower">cauliflower</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grapefruit" title="Grapefruit">grapefruit</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Catfish" title="Catfish">catfish</a>. (<b><a href="/wiki/%CE%92-Hydroxy_%CE%B2-methylbutyric_acid" title="Β-Hydroxy β-methylbutyric acid">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 10 Taare Zameen Par (lit. 'Stars on Earth'), also known as Like Stars on Earth in English, is a 2007 Indian Hindi-language psychological drama film produced and directed by Aamir Khan. It stars Khan himself, with Darsheel Safary, Tanay Chheda, Vipin Sharma and Tisca Chopra. It explores the life and imagination of Ishaan (Safary), an artistically gifted 8-year-old boy whose poor academic performance leads his parents to send him to a boarding school, where a new art teacher Nikumbh (Khan) suspects that he is dyslexic and helps him to overcome his reading disorder. Creative director and writer Amole Gupte developed the idea with his wife Deepa Bhatia, who was the film's editor. Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy composed the score, and Prasoon Joshi wrote the lyrics for many of the songs. Principal photography took place in Mumbai, and in Panchgani's New Era High School, where some of the school's students participated in the filming. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 10 Taare Zameen Par (lit. 'Stars on Earth'), also known as Like Stars on Earth in English, is a 2007 Indian Hindi-language psychological drama film produced and directed by Aamir Khan. It stars Khan himself, with Darsheel Safary, Tanay Chheda, Vipin Sharma and Tisca Chopra. It explores the life and imagination of Ishaan (Safary), an artistically gifted 8-year-old boy whose poor academic performance leads his parents to send him to a boarding school, where a new art teacher Nikumbh (Khan) suspects that he is dyslexic and helps him to overcome his reading disorder. Creative director and writer Amole Gupte developed the idea with his wife Deepa Bhatia, who was the film's editor. Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy composed the score, and Prasoon Joshi wrote the lyrics for many of the songs. Principal photography took place in Mumbai, and in Panchgani's New Era High School, where some of the school's students participated in the filming. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 10</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><b><a href="/wiki/Taare_Zameen_Par" title="Taare Zameen Par"><span title="Hindi-language text"><i lang="hi-Latn">Taare Zameen Par</i></span></a></b> (<abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">Stars on Earth</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>), also known as <i><b>Like Stars on Earth</b></i> in English, is a 2007 Indian <a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a>-language <a href="/wiki/Psychological_drama" title="Psychological drama">psychological drama</a> film produced and directed by <a href="/wiki/Aamir_Khan" title="Aamir Khan">Aamir Khan</a>. It stars Khan himself, with <a href="/wiki/Darsheel_Safary" title="Darsheel Safary">Darsheel Safary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tanay_Chheda" title="Tanay Chheda">Tanay Chheda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vipin_Sharma" title="Vipin Sharma">Vipin Sharma</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tisca_Chopra" title="Tisca Chopra">Tisca Chopra</a>. It explores the life and imagination of Ishaan (Safary), an artistically gifted 8-year-old boy whose poor academic performance leads his parents to send him to a <a href="/wiki/Boarding_school" title="Boarding school">boarding school</a>, where a new art teacher Nikumbh (Khan) suspects that he is <a href="/wiki/Dyslexic" class="mw-redirect" title="Dyslexic">dyslexic</a> and helps him to overcome his reading disorder.<br /><br />Creative director and writer <a href="/wiki/Amole_Gupte" title="Amole Gupte">Amole Gupte</a> developed the idea with his wife <a href="/wiki/Deepa_Bhatia" title="Deepa Bhatia">Deepa Bhatia</a>, who was the film's editor. <a href="/wiki/Shankar%E2%80%93Ehsaan%E2%80%93Loy" title="Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy">Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy</a> composed the score, and <a href="/wiki/Prasoon_Joshi" title="Prasoon Joshi">Prasoon Joshi</a> wrote the lyrics for many of the songs. Principal photography took place in <a href="/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Mumbai</a>, and in <a href="/wiki/Panchgani" title="Panchgani">Panchgani</a>'s <a href="/wiki/New_Era_High_School" title="New Era High School">New Era High School</a>, where some of the school's students participated in the filming. (<b><a href="/wiki/Taare_Zameen_Par" title="Taare Zameen Par">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 11 CT scan of the brain showing subarachnoid hemorrhage as a white area in the center (marked by the arrow) and stretching into the sulci to either side Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is bleeding into the subarachnoid space—the area between the arachnoid membrane and the pia mater surrounding the brain. Symptoms may include a severe headache of rapid onset, vomiting, decreased level of consciousness, fever, weakness, numbness, and sometimes seizures. Neck stiffness or neck pain are also relatively common. In about a quarter of people a small bleed with resolving symptoms occurs within a month of a larger bleed. SAH may occur as a result of a head injury or spontaneously, usually from a ruptured cerebral aneurysm. Risk factors for spontaneous cases include high blood pressure, smoking, family history, alcoholism, and cocaine use. Generally, the diagnosis can be determined by a CT scan of the head if done within six hours of symptom onset. Occasionally, a lumbar puncture is also required. After confirmation further tests are usually performed to determine the underlying cause. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 11 CT scan of the brain showing subarachnoid hemorrhage as a white area in the center (marked by the arrow) and stretching into the sulci to either side Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is bleeding into the subarachnoid space—the area between the arachnoid membrane and the pia mater surrounding the brain. Symptoms may include a severe headache of rapid onset, vomiting, decreased level of consciousness, fever, weakness, numbness, and sometimes seizures. Neck stiffness or neck pain are also relatively common. In about a quarter of people a small bleed with resolving symptoms occurs within a month of a larger bleed. SAH may occur as a result of a head injury or spontaneously, usually from a ruptured cerebral aneurysm. Risk factors for spontaneous cases include high blood pressure, smoking, family history, alcoholism, and cocaine use. Generally, the diagnosis can be determined by a CT scan of the head if done within six hours of symptom onset. Occasionally, a lumbar puncture is also required. After confirmation further tests are usually performed to determine the underlying cause. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 11</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><div class="thumb tleft" style="overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:308px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="width:auto;overflow:auto;"><div style="white-space:normal"><br /><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:SubarachnoidP.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/SubarachnoidP.png/220px-SubarachnoidP.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="253" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/SubarachnoidP.png/330px-SubarachnoidP.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/SubarachnoidP.png/440px-SubarachnoidP.png 2x" data-file-width="647" data-file-height="745" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="center">CT scan of the brain showing subarachnoid hemorrhage as a white area in the center (marked by the arrow) and stretching into the <a href="/wiki/Sulcus_(neuroanatomy)" title="Sulcus (neuroanatomy)">sulci</a> to either side</div></div></div></div><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Subarachnoid_hemorrhage" title="Subarachnoid hemorrhage">Subarachnoid hemorrhage</a></b> (<b>SAH</b>) is <a href="/wiki/Bleeding" title="Bleeding">bleeding</a> into the <a href="/wiki/Subarachnoid_space" class="mw-redirect" title="Subarachnoid space">subarachnoid space</a>—the area between the <a href="/wiki/Arachnoid_(brain)" class="mw-redirect" title="Arachnoid (brain)">arachnoid membrane</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Pia_mater" title="Pia mater">pia mater</a> surrounding the <a href="/wiki/Human_brain" title="Human brain">brain</a>. Symptoms may include a <a href="/wiki/Thunderclap_headache" title="Thunderclap headache">severe headache of rapid onset</a>, vomiting, <a href="/wiki/Decreased_level_of_consciousness" class="mw-redirect" title="Decreased level of consciousness">decreased level of consciousness</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fever" title="Fever">fever</a>, weakness, numbness, and sometimes <a href="/wiki/Seizure" title="Seizure">seizures</a>. Neck stiffness or neck pain are also relatively common. In about a quarter of people a small bleed with resolving symptoms occurs within a month of a larger bleed.<br /><br /><br />SAH may occur as a result of a <a href="/wiki/Head_injury" title="Head injury">head injury</a> or spontaneously, usually from a ruptured <a href="/wiki/Cerebral_aneurysm" class="mw-redirect" title="Cerebral aneurysm">cerebral aneurysm</a>. Risk factors for spontaneous cases include <a href="/wiki/High_blood_pressure" class="mw-redirect" title="High blood pressure">high blood pressure</a>, smoking, family history, alcoholism, and <a href="/wiki/Cocaine" title="Cocaine">cocaine</a> use. Generally, the diagnosis can be determined by a <a href="/wiki/Computed_tomography" class="mw-redirect" title="Computed tomography">CT scan</a> of the head if done within six hours of symptom onset. Occasionally, a <a href="/wiki/Lumbar_puncture" title="Lumbar puncture">lumbar puncture</a> is also required. After confirmation further tests are usually performed to determine the underlying cause. (<b><a href="/wiki/Subarachnoid_hemorrhage" title="Subarachnoid hemorrhage">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 12 Diagram showing the position of the pancreas, behind the stomach (which is transparent in this schematic). Pancreatic cancer arises when cells in the pancreas, a glandular organ behind the stomach, begin to multiply out of control and form a mass. These cancerous cells have the ability to invade other parts of the body. A number of types of pancreatic cancer are known. The most common, pancreatic adenocarcinoma, accounts for about 90% of cases, and the term "pancreatic cancer" is sometimes used to refer only to that type. These adenocarcinomas start within the part of the pancreas that makes digestive enzymes. Several other types of cancer, which collectively represent the majority of the non-adenocarcinomas, can also arise from these cells. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 12 Diagram showing the position of the pancreas, behind the stomach (which is transparent in this schematic). Pancreatic cancer arises when cells in the pancreas, a glandular organ behind the stomach, begin to multiply out of control and form a mass. These cancerous cells have the ability to invade other parts of the body. A number of types of pancreatic cancer are known. The most common, pancreatic adenocarcinoma, accounts for about 90% of cases, and the term "pancreatic cancer" is sometimes used to refer only to that type. These adenocarcinomas start within the part of the pancreas that makes digestive enzymes. Several other types of cancer, which collectively represent the majority of the non-adenocarcinomas, can also arise from these cells. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 12</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><div class="thumb tleft" style="overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:308px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="width:auto;overflow:auto;"><div style="white-space:normal"><br /><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Diagram_showing_the_position_of_the_pancreas_CRUK_356.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Diagram_showing_the_position_of_the_pancreas_CRUK_356.svg/220px-Diagram_showing_the_position_of_the_pancreas_CRUK_356.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Diagram_showing_the_position_of_the_pancreas_CRUK_356.svg/330px-Diagram_showing_the_position_of_the_pancreas_CRUK_356.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Diagram_showing_the_position_of_the_pancreas_CRUK_356.svg/440px-Diagram_showing_the_position_of_the_pancreas_CRUK_356.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="375" data-file-height="339" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="center">Diagram showing the position of the pancreas, behind the stomach (which is transparent in this schematic).</div></div></div></div><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Pancreatic_cancer" title="Pancreatic cancer">Pancreatic cancer</a></b> arises when <a href="/wiki/Cell_(biology)" title="Cell (biology)">cells</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Pancreas" title="Pancreas">pancreas</a>, a glandular organ behind the <a href="/wiki/Stomach" title="Stomach">stomach</a>, begin to multiply out of control and form a <a href="/wiki/Neoplasm" title="Neoplasm">mass</a>. These <a href="/wiki/Cancer" title="Cancer">cancerous</a> cells have the <a href="/wiki/Malignant" class="mw-redirect" title="Malignant">ability to invade</a> other parts of the body. A number of types of pancreatic cancer are known.<br /><br />The most common, <b>pancreatic adenocarcinoma</b>, accounts for about 90% of cases, and the term "pancreatic cancer" is sometimes used to refer only to that type. These <a href="/wiki/Adenocarcinoma" title="Adenocarcinoma">adenocarcinomas</a> start within the part of the pancreas that makes <a href="/wiki/Digestive_enzyme" title="Digestive enzyme">digestive enzymes</a>. Several other types of cancer, which collectively represent the majority of the non-adenocarcinomas, can also arise from these cells. (<b><a href="/wiki/Pancreatic_cancer" title="Pancreatic cancer">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 13 High-resolution computed tomography images of the lower chest in a 16-year-old boy with diffuse panbronchiolitis Diffuse panbronchiolitis (DPB) is an inflammatory lung disease of unknown cause. It is a severe, progressive form of bronchiolitis, an inflammatory condition of the bronchioles (small air passages in the lungs). The term diffuse signifies that lesions appear throughout both lungs, while panbronchiolitis refers to inflammation found in all layers of the respiratory bronchioles (those involved in gas exchange). DPB causes severe inflammation and nodule-like lesions of terminal bronchioles, chronic sinusitis, and intense coughing with large amounts of sputum production. The disease is believed to occur when there is susceptibility, or a lack of immune system resistance, to DPB-causing bacteria or viruses, caused by several genes that are found predominantly in individuals of East Asian descent. The highest incidence occurs among Japanese people, followed by Koreans. DPB occurs more often in males and usually begins around age 40. It was recognized as a distinct new disease in the early 1960s and was formally named diffuse panbronchiolitis in 1969. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 13 High-resolution computed tomography images of the lower chest in a 16-year-old boy with diffuse panbronchiolitis Diffuse panbronchiolitis (DPB) is an inflammatory lung disease of unknown cause. It is a severe, progressive form of bronchiolitis, an inflammatory condition of the bronchioles (small air passages in the lungs). The term diffuse signifies that lesions appear throughout both lungs, while panbronchiolitis refers to inflammation found in all layers of the respiratory bronchioles (those involved in gas exchange). DPB causes severe inflammation and nodule-like lesions of terminal bronchioles, chronic sinusitis, and intense coughing with large amounts of sputum production. The disease is believed to occur when there is susceptibility, or a lack of immune system resistance, to DPB-causing bacteria or viruses, caused by several genes that are found predominantly in individuals of East Asian descent. The highest incidence occurs among Japanese people, followed by Koreans. DPB occurs more often in males and usually begins around age 40. It was recognized as a distinct new disease in the early 1960s and was formally named diffuse panbronchiolitis in 1969. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 13</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><div class="thumb tleft" style="overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:308px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="width:auto;overflow:auto;"><div style="white-space:normal"><br /><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:HRCT_scans_of_diffuse_panbronchiolitisCropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/HRCT_scans_of_diffuse_panbronchiolitisCropped.jpg/220px-HRCT_scans_of_diffuse_panbronchiolitisCropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/HRCT_scans_of_diffuse_panbronchiolitisCropped.jpg/330px-HRCT_scans_of_diffuse_panbronchiolitisCropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/13/HRCT_scans_of_diffuse_panbronchiolitisCropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="402" data-file-height="328" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="center"><a href="/wiki/High-resolution_computed_tomography" title="High-resolution computed tomography">High-resolution computed tomography</a> images of the lower chest in a 16-year-old boy with diffuse panbronchiolitis</div></div></div></div><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Diffuse_panbronchiolitis" title="Diffuse panbronchiolitis">Diffuse panbronchiolitis</a></b> (<b>DPB</b>) is an <a href="/wiki/Inflammation" title="Inflammation">inflammatory</a> <a href="/wiki/Lung_disease" class="mw-redirect" title="Lung disease">lung disease</a> of unknown cause. It is a severe, progressive form of <a href="/wiki/Bronchiolitis" title="Bronchiolitis">bronchiolitis</a>, an inflammatory condition of the <a href="/wiki/Bronchiole" title="Bronchiole">bronchioles</a> (small air passages in the lungs). The term <i>diffuse</i> signifies that <a href="/wiki/Lesion" title="Lesion">lesions</a> appear throughout both lungs, while <i>panbronchiolitis</i> refers to inflammation found in all layers of the <a href="/wiki/Respiratory_bronchioles" class="mw-redirect" title="Respiratory bronchioles">respiratory bronchioles</a> (those involved in <a href="/wiki/Gas_exchange" title="Gas exchange">gas exchange</a>). DPB causes severe inflammation and <a href="/wiki/Nodule_(medicine)" title="Nodule (medicine)">nodule</a>-like lesions of <a href="/wiki/Terminal_bronchiole" class="mw-redirect" title="Terminal bronchiole">terminal bronchioles</a>, chronic <a href="/wiki/Sinusitis" title="Sinusitis">sinusitis</a>, and intense coughing with large amounts of <a href="/wiki/Sputum" title="Sputum">sputum</a> production.<br /><br />The disease is believed to occur when there is susceptibility, or a lack of <a href="/wiki/Immune_system" title="Immune system">immune system</a> resistance, to DPB-causing <a href="/wiki/Bacteria" title="Bacteria">bacteria</a> or <a href="/wiki/Viruses" class="mw-redirect" title="Viruses">viruses</a>, caused by several genes that are found predominantly in individuals of <a href="/wiki/East_Asian_people" title="East Asian people">East Asian</a> descent. The highest <a href="/wiki/Incidence_(epidemiology)" title="Incidence (epidemiology)">incidence</a> occurs among <a href="/wiki/Japanese_people" title="Japanese people">Japanese people</a>, followed by <a href="/wiki/Koreans" title="Koreans">Koreans</a>. DPB occurs more often in males and usually begins around age 40. It was recognized as a distinct new disease in the early 1960s and was formally named <i>diffuse panbronchiolitis</i> in 1969. (<b><a href="/wiki/Diffuse_panbronchiolitis" title="Diffuse panbronchiolitis">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 14 A serpin (white) with its 'reactive centre loop' (blue) bound to a protease (grey). Once the protease attempts catalysis it will be irreversibly inhibited. (PDB: 1K9O) Serpins are a superfamily of proteins with similar structures that were first identified for their protease inhibition activity and are found in all kingdoms of life. The acronym serpin was originally coined because the first serpins to be identified act on chymotrypsin-like serine proteases (serine protease inhibitors). They are notable for their unusual mechanism of action, in which they irreversibly inhibit their target protease by undergoing a large conformational change to disrupt the target's active site. This contrasts with the more common competitive mechanism for protease inhibitors that bind to and block access to the protease active site. Protease inhibition by serpins controls an array of biological processes, including coagulation and inflammation, and consequently these proteins are the target of medical research. Their unique conformational change also makes them of interest to the structural biology and protein folding research communities. The conformational-change mechanism confers certain advantages, but it also has drawbacks: serpins are vulnerable to mutations that can result in serpinopathies such as protein misfolding and the formation of inactive long-chain polymers. Serpin polymerisation not only reduces the amount of active inhibitor, but also leads to accumulation of the polymers, causing cell death and organ failure. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 14 A serpin (white) with its 'reactive centre loop' (blue) bound to a protease (grey). Once the protease attempts catalysis it will be irreversibly inhibited. (PDB: 1K9O) Serpins are a superfamily of proteins with similar structures that were first identified for their protease inhibition activity and are found in all kingdoms of life. The acronym serpin was originally coined because the first serpins to be identified act on chymotrypsin-like serine proteases (serine protease inhibitors). They are notable for their unusual mechanism of action, in which they irreversibly inhibit their target protease by undergoing a large conformational change to disrupt the target's active site. This contrasts with the more common competitive mechanism for protease inhibitors that bind to and block access to the protease active site. Protease inhibition by serpins controls an array of biological processes, including coagulation and inflammation, and consequently these proteins are the target of medical research. Their unique conformational change also makes them of interest to the structural biology and protein folding research communities. The conformational-change mechanism confers certain advantages, but it also has drawbacks: serpins are vulnerable to mutations that can result in serpinopathies such as protein misfolding and the formation of inactive long-chain polymers. Serpin polymerisation not only reduces the amount of active inhibitor, but also leads to accumulation of the polymers, causing cell death and organ failure. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 14</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><div class="thumb tleft" style="overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:308px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="width:auto;overflow:auto;"><div style="white-space:normal"><br /><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Serpin_(stressed).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Serpin_%28stressed%29.png/220px-Serpin_%28stressed%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="422" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Serpin_%28stressed%29.png/330px-Serpin_%28stressed%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Serpin_%28stressed%29.png/440px-Serpin_%28stressed%29.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="2879" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="center">A serpin (white) with its 'reactive centre loop' (blue) bound to a <a href="/wiki/Protease" title="Protease">protease</a> (grey). Once the protease attempts <a href="/wiki/Enzyme_catalysis" title="Enzyme catalysis">catalysis</a> it will be <a href="/wiki/Irreversible_inhibition" class="mw-redirect" title="Irreversible inhibition">irreversibly inhibited</a>. (<span class="plainlinks"><a href="/wiki/Protein_Data_Bank" title="Protein Data Bank">PDB</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1K9O">1K9O</a></span>)</div></div></div></div><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Serpin" title="Serpin">Serpins</a></b> are a <a href="/wiki/Protein_superfamily" title="Protein superfamily">superfamily</a> of <a href="/wiki/Protein" title="Protein">proteins</a> with similar structures that were first identified for their <a href="/wiki/Protease_inhibitor_(biology)" title="Protease inhibitor (biology)">protease inhibition</a> activity and are found in all <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_(biology)" title="Kingdom (biology)">kingdoms of life</a>. The acronym serpin was originally coined because the first serpins to be identified act on chymotrypsin-like <a href="/wiki/Serine_protease" title="Serine protease">serine proteases</a> (<b>ser</b>ine <b>p</b>rotease <b>in</b>hibitors). They are notable for their unusual mechanism of action, in which they <a href="/wiki/Irreversible_inhibition" class="mw-redirect" title="Irreversible inhibition">irreversibly inhibit</a> their target <a href="/wiki/Protease" title="Protease">protease</a> by undergoing a large <a href="/wiki/Conformational_change" title="Conformational change">conformational change</a> to disrupt the target's <a href="/wiki/Active_site" title="Active site">active site</a>. This contrasts with the more common <a href="/wiki/Competitive_inhibition" title="Competitive inhibition">competitive</a> mechanism for protease inhibitors that bind to and block access to the protease active site.<br /><br />Protease inhibition by serpins controls an array of biological processes, including <a href="/wiki/Coagulation" title="Coagulation">coagulation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Inflammation" title="Inflammation">inflammation</a>, and consequently these proteins are the target of <a href="/wiki/Medical_research" title="Medical research">medical research</a>. Their unique conformational change also makes them of interest to the <a href="/wiki/Structural_biology" title="Structural biology">structural biology</a> and <a href="/wiki/Protein_folding" title="Protein folding">protein folding</a> research communities. The conformational-change mechanism confers certain advantages, but it also has drawbacks: serpins are vulnerable to <a href="/wiki/Mutations" class="mw-redirect" title="Mutations">mutations</a> that can result in serpinopathies such as <a href="/wiki/Proteopathy" class="mw-redirect" title="Proteopathy">protein misfolding</a> and the formation of inactive long-chain <a href="/wiki/Polymer" title="Polymer">polymers</a>. Serpin <a href="/wiki/Polymerisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Polymerisation">polymerisation</a> not only reduces the amount of active inhibitor, but also leads to accumulation of the polymers, causing <a href="/wiki/Cell_death" title="Cell death">cell death</a> and <a href="/wiki/Organ_dysfunction" title="Organ dysfunction">organ failure</a>. (<b><a href="/wiki/Serpin" title="Serpin">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 15 A chest X-ray showing a tumor in the lung (marked by arrow) Lung cancer, also known as lung carcinoma, is a malignant tumor that begins in the lung. Lung cancer is caused by genetic damage to the DNA of cells in the airways, often caused by cigarette smoking or inhaling damaging chemicals. Damaged airway cells gain the ability to multiply unchecked, causing the growth of a tumor. Without treatment, tumors spread throughout the lung, damaging lung function. Eventually lung tumors metastasize, spreading to other parts of the body. Early lung cancer often has no symptoms and can only be detected by medical imaging. As the cancer progresses, most people experience nonspecific respiratory problems: coughing, shortness of breath, or chest pain. Other symptoms depend on the location and size of the tumor. Those suspected of having lung cancer typically undergo a series of imaging tests to determine the location and extent of any tumors. Definitive diagnosis of lung cancer requires a biopsy of the suspected tumor be examined by a pathologist under a microscope. In addition to recognizing cancerous cells, a pathologist can classify the tumor according to the type of cells it originates from. Around 15% of cases are small-cell lung cancer (SCLC), and the remaining 85% (the non-small-cell lung cancers or NSCLC) are adenocarcinomas, squamous-cell carcinomas, and large-cell carcinomas. After diagnosis, further imaging and biopsies are done to determine the cancer's stage based on how far it has spread. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 15 A chest X-ray showing a tumor in the lung (marked by arrow) Lung cancer, also known as lung carcinoma, is a malignant tumor that begins in the lung. Lung cancer is caused by genetic damage to the DNA of cells in the airways, often caused by cigarette smoking or inhaling damaging chemicals. Damaged airway cells gain the ability to multiply unchecked, causing the growth of a tumor. Without treatment, tumors spread throughout the lung, damaging lung function. Eventually lung tumors metastasize, spreading to other parts of the body. Early lung cancer often has no symptoms and can only be detected by medical imaging. As the cancer progresses, most people experience nonspecific respiratory problems: coughing, shortness of breath, or chest pain. Other symptoms depend on the location and size of the tumor. Those suspected of having lung cancer typically undergo a series of imaging tests to determine the location and extent of any tumors. Definitive diagnosis of lung cancer requires a biopsy of the suspected tumor be examined by a pathologist under a microscope. In addition to recognizing cancerous cells, a pathologist can classify the tumor according to the type of cells it originates from. Around 15% of cases are small-cell lung cancer (SCLC), and the remaining 85% (the non-small-cell lung cancers or NSCLC) are adenocarcinomas, squamous-cell carcinomas, and large-cell carcinomas. After diagnosis, further imaging and biopsies are done to determine the cancer's stage based on how far it has spread. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 15</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><div class="thumb tleft" style="overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:308px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="width:auto;overflow:auto;"><div style="white-space:normal"><br /><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:LungCACXR.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/LungCACXR.PNG/220px-LungCACXR.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/LungCACXR.PNG/330px-LungCACXR.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/LungCACXR.PNG/440px-LungCACXR.PNG 2x" data-file-width="968" data-file-height="940" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="center">A <a href="/wiki/Chest_X-ray" class="mw-redirect" title="Chest X-ray">chest X-ray</a> showing a tumor in the lung (marked by arrow)</div></div></div></div><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Lung_cancer" title="Lung cancer">Lung cancer</a></b>, also known as <b>lung carcinoma</b>, is a malignant <a href="/wiki/Tumor" class="mw-redirect" title="Tumor">tumor</a> that begins in the <a href="/wiki/Lung" title="Lung">lung</a>. Lung cancer is caused by <a href="/wiki/Genetic_damage" class="mw-redirect" title="Genetic damage">genetic damage</a> to the <a href="/wiki/DNA" title="DNA">DNA</a> of <a href="/wiki/Cell_(biology)" title="Cell (biology)">cells</a> in the airways, often caused by <a href="/wiki/Cigarette_smoking" class="mw-redirect" title="Cigarette smoking">cigarette smoking</a> or inhaling damaging chemicals. Damaged airway cells gain the ability to multiply unchecked, causing the growth of a tumor. Without treatment, tumors spread throughout the lung, damaging lung function. Eventually lung tumors <a href="/wiki/Metastasize" class="mw-redirect" title="Metastasize">metastasize</a>, spreading to other parts of the body.<br /><br />Early lung cancer often has no symptoms and can only be detected by <a href="/wiki/Medical_imaging" title="Medical imaging">medical imaging</a>. As the cancer progresses, most people experience nonspecific respiratory problems: <a href="/wiki/Coughing" class="mw-redirect" title="Coughing">coughing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shortness_of_breath" title="Shortness of breath">shortness of breath</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Chest_pain" title="Chest pain">chest pain</a>. Other symptoms depend on the location and size of the tumor. Those suspected of having lung cancer typically undergo a series of imaging tests to determine the location and extent of any tumors. Definitive diagnosis of lung cancer requires a <a href="/wiki/Biopsy" title="Biopsy">biopsy</a> of the suspected tumor be examined by a <a href="/wiki/Pathologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Pathologist">pathologist</a> under a <a href="/wiki/Microscope" title="Microscope">microscope</a>. In addition to recognizing cancerous cells, a pathologist can classify the tumor according to the type of cells it originates from. Around 15% of cases are <a href="/wiki/Small-cell_lung_cancer" class="mw-redirect" title="Small-cell lung cancer">small-cell lung cancer</a> (SCLC), and the remaining 85% (the <a href="/wiki/Non-small-cell_lung_cancer" title="Non-small-cell lung cancer">non-small-cell lung cancers</a> or NSCLC) are <a href="/wiki/Adenocarcinoma" title="Adenocarcinoma">adenocarcinomas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Squamous-cell_carcinoma" title="Squamous-cell carcinoma">squamous-cell carcinomas</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Large-cell_carcinoma" class="mw-redirect" title="Large-cell carcinoma">large-cell carcinomas</a>. After diagnosis, further imaging and biopsies are done to determine the cancer's <a href="/wiki/Cancer_staging" title="Cancer staging">stage</a> based on how far it has spread. (<b><a href="/wiki/Lung_cancer" title="Lung cancer">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> </ul></div></div> <div class="noprint" style="margin:0.3em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em; padding:0.3em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em; text-align:right;"><b><a href="/wiki/Portal:Medicine/Recognized_content#Featured_articles" title="Portal:Medicine/Recognized content">More featured articles</a></b></div><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:white;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid #3673c5;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#3673c5;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:1px 1px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><h2 id="Selected_image_–_show_another" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:white;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em"><span id="Selected_image_.E2.80.93_show_another"></span>Selected image – <span class="noprint plainlinks purgelink"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal:Medicine&action=purge"><span title="Purge this page"><small><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white"><i>show another</i></span></small></span></a></span></h2></div><div style="color:black;opacity:1;border:1px solid #3673c5;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#ffffff;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:6_weeks_pregnant.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/6_weeks_pregnant.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="180" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="120" data-file-height="120" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">This is a picture of a human fetus at 6 weeks' <a href="/wiki/Gestational_age" title="Gestational age">gestational age</a> (i.e. 4 weeks after fertilization).</div> <p><small>Photo credit: The present image (without watermark) was donated by Wouter Vergeer <wouter.vergeer@tribal.nl> on Wednesday, August 29, 2007 on behalf of 3DPregnancy.com.</small> </p> <div class="noprint" align="right"><b><a href="/wiki/Portal:Medicine/Selected_picture" title="Portal:Medicine/Selected picture">More selected pictures</a></b></div> <div style="clear:both;"></div></div> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:white;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid #3673c5;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#3673c5;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:1px 1px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><h2 id="WikiProject" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:white;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em">WikiProject</h2></div><div style="color:black;opacity:1;border:1px solid #3673c5;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#ffffff;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Medicine" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Medicine"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/WPMED.svg/150px-WPMED.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="44" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/WPMED.svg/225px-WPMED.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/WPMED.svg/300px-WPMED.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="151" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Get involved</b> by joining <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Medicine" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Medicine">WikiProject Medicine</a>. We discuss collaborations and all manner of issues on our <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Medicine" title="Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Medicine">talk page</a>. </p> <div style="clear:both;"></div></div> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:white;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid #3673c5;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#3673c5;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:1px 1px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><h2 id="Related_portals" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:white;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em">Related portals</h2></div><div style="color:black;opacity:1;border:1px solid #3673c5;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#ffffff;margin:0 0 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title="Wikipedia:GA">Good articles</a>, which meet a core set of high editorial standards.</small></i></div> <hr /> <div style="font-size:105%;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r987512734"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1021884966"><div class="randomSlideshow-container excerptSlideshow-container" style="max-width:100%; margin:-4em auto;"><div class="nomobile"></div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-slideshow switcher-container"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 1 The Terri Schiavo case was a series of court and legislative actions in the United States from 1998 to 2005, regarding the care of Theresa Marie Schiavo (née Schindler) (/ˈʃaɪvoʊ/; December 3, 1963 – March 31, 2005), a woman in an irreversible persistent vegetative state. Schiavo's husband and legal guardian argued that Schiavo would not have wanted prolonged artificial life support without the prospect of recovery, and, in 1998, he elected to remove her feeding tube. Schiavo's parents disputed her husband's assertions and challenged Schiavo's medical diagnosis, arguing in favor of continuing artificial nutrition and hydration. The highly publicized and prolonged series of legal challenges presented by her parents, which ultimately involved state and federal politicians up to the level of George W. Bush, the then U.S. president, caused a seven-year (1998 to 2005) delay before Schiavo's feeding tube was ultimately removed. On February 25, 1990, at age 26, Schiavo went into cardiac arrest at her home in St. Petersburg, Florida. She was resuscitated, but had severe brain damage due to lack of oxygen to her brain and was left comatose. After two and a half months without improvement, her diagnosis was changed to that of a persistent vegetative state. For the next two years, doctors attempted occupational therapy, speech therapy, physical therapy and other experimental therapy, hoping to return her to a state of awareness, without success. In 1998, Schiavo's husband Michael Schiavo petitioned the Sixth Circuit Court of Florida to remove her feeding tube pursuant to Florida law. He was opposed by Terri's parents, Robert and Mary Schindler. The court determined that Schiavo would not have wished to continue life-prolonging measures, and on April 24, 2001, her feeding tube was removed for the first time, only to be reinserted several days later. On February 25, 2005, a Pinellas County judge again ordered the removal of Terri Schiavo's feeding tube. Several appeals and federal government intervention followed, which included Bush returning to Washington, D.C., to sign legislation moving the case to the federal courts. After appeals through the federal court system that upheld the original decision to remove the feeding tube, staff at the Pinellas Park hospice facility disconnected the feeding tube on March 18, 2005, and Schiavo died on March 31, 2005. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 1 The Terri Schiavo case was a series of court and legislative actions in the United States from 1998 to 2005, regarding the care of Theresa Marie Schiavo (née Schindler) (/ˈʃaɪvoʊ/; December 3, 1963 – March 31, 2005), a woman in an irreversible persistent vegetative state. Schiavo's husband and legal guardian argued that Schiavo would not have wanted prolonged artificial life support without the prospect of recovery, and, in 1998, he elected to remove her feeding tube. Schiavo's parents disputed her husband's assertions and challenged Schiavo's medical diagnosis, arguing in favor of continuing artificial nutrition and hydration. The highly publicized and prolonged series of legal challenges presented by her parents, which ultimately involved state and federal politicians up to the level of George W. Bush, the then U.S. president, caused a seven-year (1998 to 2005) delay before Schiavo's feeding tube was ultimately removed. On February 25, 1990, at age 26, Schiavo went into cardiac arrest at her home in St. Petersburg, Florida. She was resuscitated, but had severe brain damage due to lack of oxygen to her brain and was left comatose. After two and a half months without improvement, her diagnosis was changed to that of a persistent vegetative state. For the next two years, doctors attempted occupational therapy, speech therapy, physical therapy and other experimental therapy, hoping to return her to a state of awareness, without success. In 1998, Schiavo's husband Michael Schiavo petitioned the Sixth Circuit Court of Florida to remove her feeding tube pursuant to Florida law. He was opposed by Terri's parents, Robert and Mary Schindler. The court determined that Schiavo would not have wished to continue life-prolonging measures, and on April 24, 2001, her feeding tube was removed for the first time, only to be reinserted several days later. On February 25, 2005, a Pinellas County judge again ordered the removal of Terri Schiavo's feeding tube. Several appeals and federal government intervention followed, which included Bush returning to Washington, D.C., to sign legislation moving the case to the federal courts. After appeals through the federal court system that upheld the original decision to remove the feeding tube, staff at the Pinellas Park hospice facility disconnected the feeding tube on March 18, 2005, and Schiavo died on March 31, 2005. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 1</span></span><div style="text-align:left;">The <b><a href="/wiki/Terri_Schiavo_case" title="Terri Schiavo case">Terri Schiavo case</a></b> was a series of court and legislative actions in the United States from 1998 to 2005, regarding the care of <b>Theresa Marie Schiavo</b> (née <b>Schindler</b>) (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/ʃ/: 'sh' in 'shy'">ʃ</span><span title="/aɪ/: 'i' in 'tide'">aɪ</span><span title="'v' in 'vie'">v</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span></span>/</a></span></span>; December 3, 1963 – March 31, 2005), a woman in an irreversible <a href="/wiki/Persistent_vegetative_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Persistent vegetative state">persistent vegetative state</a>. Schiavo's husband and legal guardian argued that Schiavo would not have wanted prolonged artificial life support without the prospect of recovery, and, in 1998, he elected to remove her <a href="/wiki/Feeding_tube" title="Feeding tube">feeding tube</a>. Schiavo's parents disputed her husband's assertions and challenged Schiavo's medical diagnosis, arguing in favor of continuing artificial nutrition and hydration. The highly publicized and prolonged series of legal challenges presented by her parents, which ultimately involved state and federal politicians up to the level of <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a>, the then <a href="/wiki/U.S._president" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. president">U.S. president</a>, caused a seven-year (1998 to 2005) delay before Schiavo's feeding tube was ultimately removed.<br /><br />On February 25, 1990, at age 26, Schiavo went into <a href="/wiki/Cardiac_arrest" title="Cardiac arrest">cardiac arrest</a> at her home in <a href="/wiki/St._Petersburg,_Florida" title="St. Petersburg, Florida">St. Petersburg, Florida</a>. She was resuscitated, but had severe <a href="/wiki/Brain_damage" class="mw-redirect" title="Brain damage">brain damage</a> due to <a href="/wiki/Cerebral_hypoxia" title="Cerebral hypoxia">lack of oxygen to her brain</a> and was left <a href="/wiki/Coma" title="Coma">comatose</a>. After two and a half months without improvement, her diagnosis was changed to that of a persistent vegetative state. For the next two years, doctors attempted occupational therapy, speech therapy, physical therapy and other experimental therapy, hoping to return her to a state of awareness, without success. In 1998, Schiavo's husband Michael Schiavo petitioned the <a href="/wiki/Florida_Circuit_Courts" class="mw-redirect" title="Florida Circuit Courts">Sixth Circuit Court of Florida</a> to remove her feeding tube pursuant to Florida law. He was opposed by Terri's parents, Robert and Mary Schindler. The court determined that Schiavo would not have wished to continue life-prolonging measures, and on April 24, 2001, her feeding tube was removed for the first time, only to be reinserted several days later. On February 25, 2005, a Pinellas County judge again ordered the removal of Terri Schiavo's feeding tube. Several appeals and federal government intervention followed, which included Bush returning to Washington, D.C., to sign legislation moving the case to the federal courts. After appeals through the federal court system that upheld the original decision to remove the feeding tube, staff at the <a href="/wiki/Pinellas_Park,_Florida" title="Pinellas Park, Florida">Pinellas Park</a> hospice facility disconnected the feeding tube on March 18, 2005, and Schiavo died on March 31, 2005. (<b><a href="/wiki/Terri_Schiavo_case" title="Terri Schiavo case">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 2 An X-ray demonstrating the characteristic finding of lead poisoning in humans—dense metaphyseal lines Lead poisoning, also known as plumbism and saturnism, is a type of metal poisoning caused by lead in the body. Symptoms may include abdominal pain, constipation, headaches, irritability, memory problems, infertility, and tingling in the hands and feet. It causes almost 10% of intellectual disability of otherwise unknown cause and can result in behavioral problems. Some of the effects are permanent. In severe cases, anemia, seizures, coma, or death may occur. Exposure to lead can occur by contaminated air, water, dust, food, or consumer products. Lead poisoning poses a significantly increased risk to children as they are far more likely to ingest lead indirectly by chewing on toys or other objects that are coated in lead paint. Additionally, children absorb greater quantities of lead from ingested sources than adults. Exposure at work is a common cause of lead poisoning in adults with certain occupations at particular risk. Diagnosis is typically by measurement of the blood lead level. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US) has set the upper limit for blood lead for adults at 10 μg/dL (10 μg/100 g) and for children at 3.5 μg/dL; before October 2021 the limit was 5 μg/dL. Elevated lead may also be detected by changes in red blood cells or dense lines in the bones of children as seen on X-ray. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 2 An X-ray demonstrating the characteristic finding of lead poisoning in humans—dense metaphyseal lines Lead poisoning, also known as plumbism and saturnism, is a type of metal poisoning caused by lead in the body. Symptoms may include abdominal pain, constipation, headaches, irritability, memory problems, infertility, and tingling in the hands and feet. It causes almost 10% of intellectual disability of otherwise unknown cause and can result in behavioral problems. Some of the effects are permanent. In severe cases, anemia, seizures, coma, or death may occur. Exposure to lead can occur by contaminated air, water, dust, food, or consumer products. Lead poisoning poses a significantly increased risk to children as they are far more likely to ingest lead indirectly by chewing on toys or other objects that are coated in lead paint. Additionally, children absorb greater quantities of lead from ingested sources than adults. Exposure at work is a common cause of lead poisoning in adults with certain occupations at particular risk. Diagnosis is typically by measurement of the blood lead level. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US) has set the upper limit for blood lead for adults at 10 μg/dL (10 μg/100 g) and for children at 3.5 μg/dL; before October 2021 the limit was 5 μg/dL. Elevated lead may also be detected by changes in red blood cells or dense lines in the bones of children as seen on X-ray. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 2</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><div class="thumb tright" style="overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:308px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="width:auto;overflow:auto;"><div style="white-space:normal"><br /><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Lead_PoisoningRadio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Lead_PoisoningRadio.jpg/220px-Lead_PoisoningRadio.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="412" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Lead_PoisoningRadio.jpg/330px-Lead_PoisoningRadio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/97/Lead_PoisoningRadio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="390" data-file-height="731" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="center">An X-ray demonstrating the characteristic finding of lead poisoning in humans—dense <a href="/wiki/Metaphyseal" class="mw-redirect" title="Metaphyseal">metaphyseal</a> lines</div></div></div></div><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Lead_poisoning" title="Lead poisoning">Lead poisoning</a></b>, also known as <b>plumbism</b> and <b>saturnism</b>, is a type of <a href="/wiki/Metal_poisoning" class="mw-redirect" title="Metal poisoning">metal poisoning</a> caused by <a href="/wiki/Lead" title="Lead">lead</a> in the body. Symptoms may include abdominal pain, <a href="/wiki/Constipation" title="Constipation">constipation</a>, headaches, irritability, memory problems, <a href="/wiki/Infertility" title="Infertility">infertility</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Paresthesia" title="Paresthesia">tingling</a> in the hands and feet. It causes almost 10% of <a href="/wiki/Intellectual_disability" title="Intellectual disability">intellectual disability</a> of otherwise unknown cause and can result in behavioral problems. Some of the effects are permanent. In severe cases, <a href="/wiki/Anemia" title="Anemia">anemia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Seizures" class="mw-redirect" title="Seizures">seizures</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coma" title="Coma">coma</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Death" title="Death">death</a> may occur.<br /><br /><br />Exposure to lead can occur by contaminated air, water, dust, food, or consumer products. Lead poisoning poses a significantly increased risk to children as they are far more likely to ingest lead indirectly by chewing on toys or other objects that are coated in <a href="/wiki/Lead_paint" title="Lead paint">lead paint</a>. Additionally, children absorb greater quantities of lead from ingested sources than adults. Exposure at work is a common cause of lead poisoning in adults with certain occupations at particular risk. Diagnosis is typically by measurement of the <a href="/wiki/Blood_lead_level" title="Blood lead level">blood lead level</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention" title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</a> (US) has set the upper limit for blood lead for adults at 10 μg/dL (10 μg/100 g) and for children at 3.5 μg/dL; before October 2021 the limit was 5 μg/dL. Elevated lead may also be detected by changes in <a href="/wiki/Red_blood_cell" title="Red blood cell">red blood cells</a> or dense lines in the bones of children as seen on <a href="/wiki/X-ray" title="X-ray">X-ray</a>. (<b><a href="/wiki/Lead_poisoning" title="Lead poisoning">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 3 Rabeprazole, sold under the brand name Aciphex, among others, is a medication that decreases stomach acid. It is used to treat peptic ulcer disease, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and excess stomach acid production such as in Zollinger–Ellison syndrome. It may also be used in combination with other medications to treat Helicobacter pylori. Effectiveness is similar to other proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). It is taken by mouth. Common side effects include constipation, feeling weak, and throat inflammation. Serious side effects may include osteoporosis, low blood magnesium, Clostridioides difficile infection, and pneumonia. Use in pregnancy and breastfeeding is of unclear safety. It works by blocking H+/K+-ATPase in the parietal cells of the stomach. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 3 Rabeprazole, sold under the brand name Aciphex, among others, is a medication that decreases stomach acid. It is used to treat peptic ulcer disease, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and excess stomach acid production such as in Zollinger–Ellison syndrome. It may also be used in combination with other medications to treat Helicobacter pylori. Effectiveness is similar to other proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). It is taken by mouth. Common side effects include constipation, feeling weak, and throat inflammation. Serious side effects may include osteoporosis, low blood magnesium, Clostridioides difficile infection, and pneumonia. Use in pregnancy and breastfeeding is of unclear safety. It works by blocking H+/K+-ATPase in the parietal cells of the stomach. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 3</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rabeprazole.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Rabeprazole.svg/220px-Rabeprazole.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Rabeprazole.svg/330px-Rabeprazole.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Rabeprazole.svg/440px-Rabeprazole.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="279" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Rabeprazole" title="Rabeprazole">Rabeprazole</a></b>, sold under the brand name <b>Aciphex</b>, among others, is a medication that decreases <a href="/wiki/Stomach_acid" class="mw-redirect" title="Stomach acid">stomach acid</a>. It is used to treat <a href="/wiki/Peptic_ulcer_disease" title="Peptic ulcer disease">peptic ulcer disease</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gastroesophageal_reflux_disease" title="Gastroesophageal reflux disease">gastroesophageal reflux disease</a>, and excess stomach acid production such as in <a href="/wiki/Zollinger%E2%80%93Ellison_syndrome" title="Zollinger–Ellison syndrome">Zollinger–Ellison syndrome</a>. It may also be used in combination with other medications to treat <i><a href="/wiki/Helicobacter_pylori" title="Helicobacter pylori">Helicobacter pylori</a></i>. Effectiveness is similar to other <a href="/wiki/Proton_pump_inhibitors" class="mw-redirect" title="Proton pump inhibitors">proton pump inhibitors</a> (PPIs). It is taken by mouth.<br /><br /><br />Common side effects include <a href="/wiki/Constipation" title="Constipation">constipation</a>, feeling weak, and <a href="/wiki/Pharyngitis" title="Pharyngitis">throat inflammation</a>. Serious side effects may include <a href="/wiki/Osteoporosis" title="Osteoporosis">osteoporosis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Low_blood_magnesium" class="mw-redirect" title="Low blood magnesium">low blood magnesium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clostridioides_difficile_infection" title="Clostridioides difficile infection"><i>Clostridioides difficile</i> infection</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pneumonia" title="Pneumonia">pneumonia</a>. Use in <a href="/wiki/Pregnancy" title="Pregnancy">pregnancy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Breastfeeding" title="Breastfeeding">breastfeeding</a> is of unclear safety. It works by blocking <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_potassium_ATPase" title="Hydrogen potassium ATPase">H<sup>+</sup>/K<sup>+</sup>-ATPase</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Parietal_cell" title="Parietal cell">parietal cells</a> of the stomach. (<b><a href="/wiki/Rabeprazole" title="Rabeprazole">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 4 Nadar, the photographer Hermaphrodite is a series of photographs of a young intersex person, who had a male build and stature and may have been assigned female or self-identified as female, taken by the French photographer Nadar (real name Gaspard-Félix Tournachon) in 1860. Possibly commissioned by Armand Trousseau, the nine photographs have been described as "probably the first medical photo-illustrations of a patient with intersex genitalia". They were originally restricted for scientific uses, and Nadar did not publish them. Further photographs of intersex subjects followed over the next several decades, although there is no evidence that the photographers knew of Nadar's work. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 4 Nadar, the photographer Hermaphrodite is a series of photographs of a young intersex person, who had a male build and stature and may have been assigned female or self-identified as female, taken by the French photographer Nadar (real name Gaspard-Félix Tournachon) in 1860. Possibly commissioned by Armand Trousseau, the nine photographs have been described as "probably the first medical photo-illustrations of a patient with intersex genitalia". They were originally restricted for scientific uses, and Nadar did not publish them. Further photographs of intersex subjects followed over the next several decades, although there is no evidence that the photographers knew of Nadar's work. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 4</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nadar_selfportrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Nadar_selfportrait.jpg/220px-Nadar_selfportrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="271" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Nadar_selfportrait.jpg/330px-Nadar_selfportrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Nadar_selfportrait.jpg/440px-Nadar_selfportrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3370" data-file-height="4144" /></a><figcaption>Nadar, the photographer</figcaption></figure><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Hermaphrodite_(Nadar)" title="Hermaphrodite (Nadar)"><i>Hermaphrodite</i></a></b> is a series of photographs of a young <a href="/wiki/Intersex" title="Intersex">intersex</a> person, who had a male build and stature and may have been assigned female or self-identified as female, taken by the French photographer <a href="/wiki/Nadar" title="Nadar">Nadar</a> (real name Gaspard-Félix Tournachon) in 1860. Possibly commissioned by <a href="/wiki/Armand_Trousseau" title="Armand Trousseau">Armand Trousseau</a>, the nine photographs have been described as "probably the first medical photo-illustrations of a patient with intersex genitalia". They were originally restricted for scientific uses, and Nadar did not publish them. Further photographs of intersex subjects followed over the next several decades, although there is no evidence that the photographers knew of Nadar's work. (<b><a href="/wiki/Hermaphrodite_(Nadar)" title="Hermaphrodite (Nadar)">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 5 Modern CT scanner (2021), photon-counting CT (Siemens NAEOTOM Alpha) A computed tomography scan (CT scan), formerly called computed axial tomography scan (CAT scan), is a medical imaging technique used to obtain detailed internal images of the body. The personnel that perform CT scans are called radiographers or radiology technologists. CT scanners use a rotating X-ray tube and a row of detectors placed in a gantry to measure X-ray attenuations by different tissues inside the body. The multiple X-ray measurements taken from different angles are then processed on a computer using tomographic reconstruction algorithms to produce tomographic (cross-sectional) images (virtual "slices") of a body. CT scans can be used in patients with metallic implants or pacemakers, for whom magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is contraindicated. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 5 Modern CT scanner (2021), photon-counting CT (Siemens NAEOTOM Alpha) A computed tomography scan (CT scan), formerly called computed axial tomography scan (CAT scan), is a medical imaging technique used to obtain detailed internal images of the body. The personnel that perform CT scans are called radiographers or radiology technologists. CT scanners use a rotating X-ray tube and a row of detectors placed in a gantry to measure X-ray attenuations by different tissues inside the body. The multiple X-ray measurements taken from different angles are then processed on a computer using tomographic reconstruction algorithms to produce tomographic (cross-sectional) images (virtual "slices") of a body. CT scans can be used in patients with metallic implants or pacemakers, for whom magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is contraindicated. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 5</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><div class="thumb tright" style="overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:308px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="width:auto;overflow:auto;"><div style="white-space:normal"><br /><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Modern%C3%AD_v%C3%BDpo%C4%8Detn%C3%AD_tomografie_s_p%C5%99%C3%ADmo_digit%C3%A1ln%C3%AD_detekc%C3%AD_rentgenov%C3%A9ho_z%C3%A1%C5%99en%C3%AD.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Modern%C3%AD_v%C3%BDpo%C4%8Detn%C3%AD_tomografie_s_p%C5%99%C3%ADmo_digit%C3%A1ln%C3%AD_detekc%C3%AD_rentgenov%C3%A9ho_z%C3%A1%C5%99en%C3%AD.jpg/220px-Modern%C3%AD_v%C3%BDpo%C4%8Detn%C3%AD_tomografie_s_p%C5%99%C3%ADmo_digit%C3%A1ln%C3%AD_detekc%C3%AD_rentgenov%C3%A9ho_z%C3%A1%C5%99en%C3%AD.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="216" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Modern%C3%AD_v%C3%BDpo%C4%8Detn%C3%AD_tomografie_s_p%C5%99%C3%ADmo_digit%C3%A1ln%C3%AD_detekc%C3%AD_rentgenov%C3%A9ho_z%C3%A1%C5%99en%C3%AD.jpg/330px-Modern%C3%AD_v%C3%BDpo%C4%8Detn%C3%AD_tomografie_s_p%C5%99%C3%ADmo_digit%C3%A1ln%C3%AD_detekc%C3%AD_rentgenov%C3%A9ho_z%C3%A1%C5%99en%C3%AD.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Modern%C3%AD_v%C3%BDpo%C4%8Detn%C3%AD_tomografie_s_p%C5%99%C3%ADmo_digit%C3%A1ln%C3%AD_detekc%C3%AD_rentgenov%C3%A9ho_z%C3%A1%C5%99en%C3%AD.jpg/440px-Modern%C3%AD_v%C3%BDpo%C4%8Detn%C3%AD_tomografie_s_p%C5%99%C3%ADmo_digit%C3%A1ln%C3%AD_detekc%C3%AD_rentgenov%C3%A9ho_z%C3%A1%C5%99en%C3%AD.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3432" data-file-height="3364" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="center">Modern CT scanner (2021), photon-counting CT (Siemens NAEOTOM Alpha)</div></div></div></div><br />A <b>computed tomography scan</b> (<b><a href="/wiki/CT_scan" title="CT scan">CT scan</a></b>), formerly called <b>computed axial tomography scan</b> (<b>CAT scan</b>), is a <a href="/wiki/Medical_imaging" title="Medical imaging">medical imaging</a> technique used to obtain detailed internal images of the body. The personnel that perform CT scans are called <a href="/wiki/Radiographer" title="Radiographer">radiographers</a> or radiology technologists.<br /><br />CT scanners use a rotating <a href="/wiki/X-ray_tube" title="X-ray tube">X-ray tube</a> and a row of detectors placed in a <a href="/wiki/Gantry_(medical)" title="Gantry (medical)">gantry</a> to measure X-ray <a href="/wiki/Attenuation#Radiography" title="Attenuation">attenuations</a> by different tissues inside the body. The multiple <a href="/wiki/X-ray" title="X-ray">X-ray</a> measurements taken from different angles are then processed on a computer using <a href="/wiki/Tomographic_reconstruction" title="Tomographic reconstruction">tomographic reconstruction</a> algorithms to produce <a href="/wiki/Tomography" title="Tomography">tomographic</a> (cross-sectional) images (virtual "slices") of a body. CT scans can be used in patients with metallic implants or pacemakers, for whom <a href="/wiki/Magnetic_resonance_imaging" title="Magnetic resonance imaging">magnetic resonance imaging</a> (MRI) is <a href="/wiki/Contraindication" title="Contraindication">contraindicated</a>. (<b><a href="/wiki/CT_scan" title="CT scan">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 6 Vitamin C (also known as ascorbic acid and ascorbate) is a water-soluble vitamin found in citrus and other fruits, berries and vegetables. It is also a generic prescription medication and in some countries is sold as a non-prescription dietary supplement. As a therapy, it is used to prevent and treat scurvy, a disease caused by vitamin C deficiency. Vitamin C is an essential nutrient involved in the repair of tissue, the formation of collagen, and the enzymatic production of certain neurotransmitters. It is required for the functioning of several enzymes and is important for immune system function. It also functions as an antioxidant. Vitamin C may be taken by mouth or by intramuscular, subcutaneous or intravenous injection. Various health claims exist on the basis that moderate vitamin C deficiency increases disease risk, such as for the common cold, cancer or COVID-19. There are also claims of benefits from vitamin C supplementation in excess of the recommended dietary intake for people who are not considered vitamin C deficient. Vitamin C is generally well-tolerated. Large doses may cause gastrointestinal discomfort, headache, trouble sleeping, and flushing of the skin. The United States Institute of Medicine recommends against consuming large amounts. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 6 Vitamin C (also known as ascorbic acid and ascorbate) is a water-soluble vitamin found in citrus and other fruits, berries and vegetables. It is also a generic prescription medication and in some countries is sold as a non-prescription dietary supplement. As a therapy, it is used to prevent and treat scurvy, a disease caused by vitamin C deficiency. Vitamin C is an essential nutrient involved in the repair of tissue, the formation of collagen, and the enzymatic production of certain neurotransmitters. It is required for the functioning of several enzymes and is important for immune system function. It also functions as an antioxidant. Vitamin C may be taken by mouth or by intramuscular, subcutaneous or intravenous injection. Various health claims exist on the basis that moderate vitamin C deficiency increases disease risk, such as for the common cold, cancer or COVID-19. There are also claims of benefits from vitamin C supplementation in excess of the recommended dietary intake for people who are not considered vitamin C deficient. Vitamin C is generally well-tolerated. Large doses may cause gastrointestinal discomfort, headache, trouble sleeping, and flushing of the skin. The United States Institute of Medicine recommends against consuming large amounts. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 6</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:L-Ascorbic_acid.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/L-Ascorbic_acid.svg/220px-L-Ascorbic_acid.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/L-Ascorbic_acid.svg/330px-L-Ascorbic_acid.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/L-Ascorbic_acid.svg/440px-L-Ascorbic_acid.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="367" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_C" title="Vitamin C">Vitamin C</a></b> (also known as <a href="/wiki/Chemistry_of_ascorbic_acid" title="Chemistry of ascorbic acid">ascorbic acid</a> and <b>ascorbate</b>) is a water-soluble <a href="/wiki/Vitamin" title="Vitamin">vitamin</a> found in <a href="/wiki/Citrus" title="Citrus">citrus</a> and other fruits, berries and vegetables. It is also a <a href="/wiki/Generic_drug" title="Generic drug">generic</a> prescription medication and in some countries is sold as a non-prescription <a href="/wiki/Dietary_supplement" title="Dietary supplement">dietary supplement</a>. As a therapy, it is used to prevent and treat <a href="/wiki/Scurvy" title="Scurvy">scurvy</a>, a disease caused by <a href="/wiki/Vitamin_C_deficiency" class="mw-redirect" title="Vitamin C deficiency">vitamin C deficiency</a>.<br /><br />Vitamin C is an <a href="/wiki/Nutrient#Essential_nutrients" title="Nutrient">essential nutrient</a> involved in the repair of <a href="/wiki/Tissue_(biology)" title="Tissue (biology)">tissue</a>, the formation of <a href="/wiki/Collagen" title="Collagen">collagen</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Enzyme" title="Enzyme">enzymatic</a> production of certain <a href="/wiki/Neurotransmitter" title="Neurotransmitter">neurotransmitters</a>. It is required for the functioning of several enzymes and is important for <a href="/wiki/Immune_system" title="Immune system">immune system</a> function. It also functions as an <a href="/wiki/Antioxidant" title="Antioxidant">antioxidant</a>. Vitamin C may be taken by mouth or by intramuscular, subcutaneous or intravenous injection. Various <a href="/wiki/Health_claim" title="Health claim">health claims</a> exist on the basis that moderate vitamin C deficiency increases disease risk, such as for the <a href="/wiki/Common_cold" title="Common cold">common cold</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cancer" title="Cancer">cancer</a> or <a href="/wiki/COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a>. There are also claims of benefits from vitamin C supplementation in excess of the <a href="/wiki/Dietary_Reference_Intake" title="Dietary Reference Intake">recommended dietary intake</a> for people who are not considered vitamin C deficient. Vitamin C is generally well-tolerated. Large doses may cause <a href="/wiki/Gastrointestinal_disease" title="Gastrointestinal disease">gastrointestinal discomfort</a>, headache, trouble sleeping, and flushing of the skin. The United States <a href="/wiki/National_Academy_of_Medicine" title="National Academy of Medicine">Institute of Medicine</a> recommends against consuming large amounts. (<b><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_C" title="Vitamin C">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 7 Elizabeth Casson OBE (14 April 1881 – 17 December 1954) was a British medical doctor and an occupational therapy pioneer. Initially training as a secretary, Casson began studying medicine at the University of Bristol when she was 32. She received her medical degree in 1926, becoming the first woman to receive one from the University of Bristol. She also attained the Gaskell prize from the Royal Medico-Psychological Association and a diploma in psychological medicine from the University of London. Casson set up a residential clinic for women with mental disorders at Dorset House in Bristol in 1929 with enough residential space for 800 patients, and she opened the first school of occupational therapy in the UK in the same building the following year. She took an active role in the therapeutic activities at Dorset House, even playing a part in the patients' production of Pride and Prejudice. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 7 Elizabeth Casson OBE (14 April 1881 – 17 December 1954) was a British medical doctor and an occupational therapy pioneer. Initially training as a secretary, Casson began studying medicine at the University of Bristol when she was 32. She received her medical degree in 1926, becoming the first woman to receive one from the University of Bristol. She also attained the Gaskell prize from the Royal Medico-Psychological Association and a diploma in psychological medicine from the University of London. Casson set up a residential clinic for women with mental disorders at Dorset House in Bristol in 1929 with enough residential space for 800 patients, and she opened the first school of occupational therapy in the UK in the same building the following year. She took an active role in the therapeutic activities at Dorset House, even playing a part in the patients' production of Pride and Prejudice. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 7</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><b><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Casson" title="Elizabeth Casson">Elizabeth Casson</a></b> <a href="/wiki/OBE" class="mw-redirect" title="OBE">OBE</a> (14 April 1881 – 17 December 1954) was a British medical doctor and an <a href="/wiki/Occupational_therapy" title="Occupational therapy">occupational therapy</a> pioneer. Initially training as a secretary, Casson began studying medicine at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Bristol" title="University of Bristol">University of Bristol</a> when she was 32. She received her medical degree in 1926, becoming the first woman to receive one from the University of Bristol. She also attained the Gaskell prize from the Royal Medico-Psychological Association and a diploma in psychological medicine from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_London" title="University of London">University of London</a>.<br /><br />Casson set up a residential clinic for women with <a href="/wiki/Mental_disorder" title="Mental disorder">mental disorders</a> at <a href="/wiki/Dorset_House,_Bristol" title="Dorset House, Bristol">Dorset House</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bristol" title="Bristol">Bristol</a> in 1929 with enough residential space for 800 patients, and she opened the first school of <a href="/wiki/Occupational_therapy" title="Occupational therapy">occupational therapy</a> in the UK in the same building the following year. She took an active role in the therapeutic activities at Dorset House, even playing a part in the patients' production of <i><a href="/wiki/Pride_and_Prejudice" title="Pride and Prejudice">Pride and Prejudice</a></i>. (<b><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Casson" title="Elizabeth Casson">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 8 Electron micrograph of hepatitis B virus Hepatitis B is an infectious disease caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) that affects the liver; it is a type of viral hepatitis. It can cause both acute and chronic infection. Many people have no symptoms during an initial infection. For others, symptoms may appear 30 to 180 days after becoming infected and can include a rapid onset of sickness with nausea, vomiting, yellowish skin, fatigue, dark urine, and abdominal pain. Symptoms during acute infection typically last for a few weeks, though some people may feel sick for up to six months. Deaths resulting from acute stage HBV infections are rare. An HBV infection lasting longer than six months is usually considered chronic. The likelihood of developing chronic hepatitis B is higher for those who are infected with HBV at a younger age. About 90% of those infected during or shortly after birth develop chronic hepatitis B, while less than 10% of those infected after the age of five develop chronic cases. Most of those with chronic disease have no symptoms; however, cirrhosis and liver cancer eventually develop in about 25% of those with chronic HBV. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 8 Electron micrograph of hepatitis B virus Hepatitis B is an infectious disease caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) that affects the liver; it is a type of viral hepatitis. It can cause both acute and chronic infection. Many people have no symptoms during an initial infection. For others, symptoms may appear 30 to 180 days after becoming infected and can include a rapid onset of sickness with nausea, vomiting, yellowish skin, fatigue, dark urine, and abdominal pain. Symptoms during acute infection typically last for a few weeks, though some people may feel sick for up to six months. Deaths resulting from acute stage HBV infections are rare. An HBV infection lasting longer than six months is usually considered chronic. The likelihood of developing chronic hepatitis B is higher for those who are infected with HBV at a younger age. About 90% of those infected during or shortly after birth develop chronic hepatitis B, while less than 10% of those infected after the age of five develop chronic cases. Most of those with chronic disease have no symptoms; however, cirrhosis and liver cancer eventually develop in about 25% of those with chronic HBV. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 8</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><div class="thumb tright" style="overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:308px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="width:auto;overflow:auto;"><div style="white-space:normal"><br /><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Hepatitis-B_virions.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Hepatitis-B_virions.jpg/220px-Hepatitis-B_virions.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Hepatitis-B_virions.jpg/330px-Hepatitis-B_virions.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Hepatitis-B_virions.jpg/440px-Hepatitis-B_virions.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="458" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="center"><a href="/wiki/Transmission_electron_microscopy" title="Transmission electron microscopy">Electron micrograph</a> of <a href="/wiki/Hepatitis_B_virus" title="Hepatitis B virus">hepatitis B virus</a></div></div></div></div><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Hepatitis_B" title="Hepatitis B">Hepatitis B</a></b> is an <a href="/wiki/Infectious_disease" class="mw-redirect" title="Infectious disease">infectious disease</a> caused by the <i><a href="/wiki/Hepatitis_B_virus" title="Hepatitis B virus">hepatitis B virus</a></i> (HBV) that affects the <a href="/wiki/Liver" title="Liver">liver</a>; it is a type of <a href="/wiki/Viral_hepatitis" title="Viral hepatitis">viral hepatitis</a>. It can cause both acute and <a href="/wiki/Chronic_infection" class="mw-redirect" title="Chronic infection">chronic infection</a>.<br /><br />Many people have no symptoms during an initial infection. For others, symptoms may appear 30 to 180 days after becoming infected and can include a rapid onset of sickness with <a href="/wiki/Nausea" title="Nausea">nausea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vomiting" title="Vomiting">vomiting</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jaundice" title="Jaundice">yellowish skin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fatigue" title="Fatigue">fatigue</a>, dark urine, and <a href="/wiki/Abdominal_pain" title="Abdominal pain">abdominal pain</a>. Symptoms during acute infection typically last for a few weeks, though some people may feel sick for up to six months. Deaths resulting from acute stage HBV infections are rare. An HBV infection lasting longer than six months is usually considered chronic. The likelihood of developing chronic hepatitis B is higher for those who are infected with HBV at a younger age. About 90% of those infected during or shortly after birth develop chronic hepatitis B, while less than 10% of those infected after the age of five develop chronic cases. Most of those with chronic disease have no symptoms; however, <a href="/wiki/Cirrhosis" title="Cirrhosis">cirrhosis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hepatocellular_carcinoma" title="Hepatocellular carcinoma">liver cancer</a> eventually develop in about 25% of those with chronic HBV. (<b><a href="/wiki/Hepatitis_B" title="Hepatitis B">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 9 James Tilly Matthews' illustration of a gang of spies using an "air loom" to torment him at a distance A persecutory delusion is a type of delusional condition in which the affected person believes that harm is going to occur to oneself by a persecutor, despite a clear lack of evidence. The person may believe that they are being targeted by an individual or a group of people. Persecution delusions are very diverse in terms of content and vary from the possible, although improbable, to the completely bizarre. The delusion can be found in various disorders, being more usual in psychotic disorders. Persecutory delusion is at the more severe end of the paranoia spectrum and can lead to multiple complications, from anxiety to suicidal ideation. Persecutory delusions have a high probability of being acted upon, for example not leaving the house due to fear, or acting violently. The persecutory delusion is a common type and is more prevalent in males. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 9 James Tilly Matthews' illustration of a gang of spies using an "air loom" to torment him at a distance A persecutory delusion is a type of delusional condition in which the affected person believes that harm is going to occur to oneself by a persecutor, despite a clear lack of evidence. The person may believe that they are being targeted by an individual or a group of people. Persecution delusions are very diverse in terms of content and vary from the possible, although improbable, to the completely bizarre. The delusion can be found in various disorders, being more usual in psychotic disorders. Persecutory delusion is at the more severe end of the paranoia spectrum and can lead to multiple complications, from anxiety to suicidal ideation. Persecutory delusions have a high probability of being acted upon, for example not leaving the house due to fear, or acting violently. The persecutory delusion is a common type and is more prevalent in males. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 9</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:James_Tilly_Matthews_Air_Loom.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/James_Tilly_Matthews_Air_Loom.jpg/220px-James_Tilly_Matthews_Air_Loom.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/James_Tilly_Matthews_Air_Loom.jpg/330px-James_Tilly_Matthews_Air_Loom.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/21/James_Tilly_Matthews_Air_Loom.jpg 2x" data-file-width="384" data-file-height="296" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/James_Tilly_Matthews" title="James Tilly Matthews">James Tilly Matthews</a>' illustration of a gang of spies using an "air loom" to torment him at a distance</figcaption></figure><br />A <b><a href="/wiki/Persecutory_delusion" title="Persecutory delusion">persecutory delusion</a></b> is a type of <a href="/wiki/Delusion" title="Delusion">delusional</a> condition in which the affected person believes that harm is going to occur to oneself by a persecutor, despite a clear lack of evidence. The person may believe that they are being targeted by an individual or a group of people. Persecution delusions are very diverse in terms of content and vary from the possible, although improbable, to the completely bizarre. The delusion can be found in various disorders, being more usual in <a href="/wiki/Psychotic_disorders" class="mw-redirect" title="Psychotic disorders">psychotic disorders</a>.<br /><br />Persecutory delusion is at the more severe end of the <a href="/wiki/Paranoia" title="Paranoia">paranoia</a> spectrum and can lead to multiple <a href="/wiki/Complication_(medicine)" title="Complication (medicine)">complications</a>, from anxiety to <a href="/wiki/Suicidal_ideation" title="Suicidal ideation">suicidal ideation</a>. Persecutory delusions have a high probability of being acted upon, for example not leaving the house due to fear, or acting violently. The persecutory delusion is a common type and is more prevalent in males. (<b><a href="/wiki/Persecutory_delusion" title="Persecutory delusion">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 10 Elmer Ernest (E. E.) Southard (July 28, 1876 – February 8, 1920) was an American neuropsychiatrist, neuropathologist, professor and author. Born in Boston, Massachusetts, Southard lived in the city for nearly his entire life. He attended Boston Latin School and completed his education at Harvard University. At Harvard, Southard distinguished himself as a chess player. After briefly studying in Germany, he returned to the United States as a pathologist at Danvers State Hospital. Southard held academic appointments at Harvard University and its medical school. He headed the Boston Psychopathic Hospital when it opened in 1912, pioneering the study of brain pathology with particular interests in shell shock and schizophrenia. Southard published several books, including Shell Shock and Other Neuropsychiatric Problems with nearly 1,000 case histories. He was president of the American Medico-Psychological Association and the Boston Society of Psychiatry and Neurology, and held advisory positions with the U.S. Chemical Warfare Service and the Eugenics Record Office. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 10 Elmer Ernest (E. E.) Southard (July 28, 1876 – February 8, 1920) was an American neuropsychiatrist, neuropathologist, professor and author. Born in Boston, Massachusetts, Southard lived in the city for nearly his entire life. He attended Boston Latin School and completed his education at Harvard University. At Harvard, Southard distinguished himself as a chess player. After briefly studying in Germany, he returned to the United States as a pathologist at Danvers State Hospital. Southard held academic appointments at Harvard University and its medical school. He headed the Boston Psychopathic Hospital when it opened in 1912, pioneering the study of brain pathology with particular interests in shell shock and schizophrenia. Southard published several books, including Shell Shock and Other Neuropsychiatric Problems with nearly 1,000 case histories. He was president of the American Medico-Psychological Association and the Boston Society of Psychiatry and Neurology, and held advisory positions with the U.S. Chemical Warfare Service and the Eugenics Record Office. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 10</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dr._Elmer_Ernest_Southard.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Dr._Elmer_Ernest_Southard.jpg/220px-Dr._Elmer_Ernest_Southard.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="290" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Dr._Elmer_Ernest_Southard.jpg/330px-Dr._Elmer_Ernest_Southard.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Dr._Elmer_Ernest_Southard.jpg/440px-Dr._Elmer_Ernest_Southard.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1562" data-file-height="2060" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Elmer_Ernest_Southard" title="Elmer Ernest Southard">Elmer Ernest (E. E.) Southard</a></b> (July 28, 1876 – February 8, 1920) was an American <a href="/wiki/Neuropsychiatry" title="Neuropsychiatry">neuropsychiatrist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neuropathology" title="Neuropathology">neuropathologist</a>, professor and author. Born in <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston, Massachusetts</a>, Southard lived in the city for nearly his entire life. He attended <a href="/wiki/Boston_Latin_School" title="Boston Latin School">Boston Latin School</a> and completed his education at <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a>. At Harvard, Southard distinguished himself as a chess player. After briefly studying in Germany, he returned to the United States as a pathologist at <a href="/wiki/Danvers_State_Hospital" title="Danvers State Hospital">Danvers State Hospital</a>. Southard held academic appointments at Harvard University and its <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Medical_School" title="Harvard Medical School">medical school</a>.<br /><br />He headed the <a href="/wiki/Boston_Psychopathic_Hospital" title="Boston Psychopathic Hospital">Boston Psychopathic Hospital</a> when it opened in 1912, pioneering the study of brain pathology with particular interests in <a href="/wiki/Shell_shock" title="Shell shock">shell shock</a> and <a href="/wiki/Schizophrenia" title="Schizophrenia">schizophrenia</a>. Southard published several books, including <i>Shell Shock and Other Neuropsychiatric Problems</i> with nearly 1,000 case histories. He was president of the <a href="/wiki/American_Psychiatric_Association" title="American Psychiatric Association">American Medico-Psychological Association</a> and the Boston Society of Psychiatry and Neurology, and held advisory positions with the <a href="/wiki/Chemical_Corps" title="Chemical Corps">U.S. Chemical Warfare Service</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Eugenics_Record_Office" title="Eugenics Record Office">Eugenics Record Office</a>. (<b><a href="/wiki/Elmer_Ernest_Southard" title="Elmer Ernest Southard">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 11 Chest X-ray showing left sided hemothorax (arrowed) A hemothorax (derived from hemo- [blood] + thorax [chest], plural hemothoraces) is an accumulation of blood within the pleural cavity. The symptoms of a hemothorax may include chest pain and difficulty breathing, while the clinical signs may include reduced breath sounds on the affected side and a rapid heart rate. Hemothoraces are usually caused by an injury, but they may occur spontaneously due to cancer invading the pleural cavity, as a result of a blood clotting disorder, as an unusual manifestation of endometriosis, in response to pneumothorax, or rarely in association with other conditions. Hemothoraces are usually diagnosed using a chest X-ray, but they can be identified using other forms of imaging including ultrasound, a CT scan, or an MRI. They can be differentiated from other forms of fluid within the pleural cavity by analysing a sample of the fluid, and are defined as having a hematocrit of greater than 50% that of the person's blood. Hemothoraces may be treated by draining the blood using a chest tube. Surgery may be required if the bleeding continues. If treated, the prognosis is usually good. Complications of a hemothorax include infection within the pleural cavity and the formation of scar tissue. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 11 Chest X-ray showing left sided hemothorax (arrowed) A hemothorax (derived from hemo- [blood] + thorax [chest], plural hemothoraces) is an accumulation of blood within the pleural cavity. The symptoms of a hemothorax may include chest pain and difficulty breathing, while the clinical signs may include reduced breath sounds on the affected side and a rapid heart rate. Hemothoraces are usually caused by an injury, but they may occur spontaneously due to cancer invading the pleural cavity, as a result of a blood clotting disorder, as an unusual manifestation of endometriosis, in response to pneumothorax, or rarely in association with other conditions. Hemothoraces are usually diagnosed using a chest X-ray, but they can be identified using other forms of imaging including ultrasound, a CT scan, or an MRI. They can be differentiated from other forms of fluid within the pleural cavity by analysing a sample of the fluid, and are defined as having a hematocrit of greater than 50% that of the person's blood. Hemothoraces may be treated by draining the blood using a chest tube. Surgery may be required if the bleeding continues. If treated, the prognosis is usually good. Complications of a hemothorax include infection within the pleural cavity and the formation of scar tissue. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 11</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><div class="thumb tright" style="overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:308px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="width:auto;overflow:auto;"><div style="white-space:normal"><br /><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:PMC2567296_1757-1626-1-225-2.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/PMC2567296_1757-1626-1-225-2.png/220px-PMC2567296_1757-1626-1-225-2.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/PMC2567296_1757-1626-1-225-2.png/330px-PMC2567296_1757-1626-1-225-2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/PMC2567296_1757-1626-1-225-2.png 2x" data-file-width="415" data-file-height="378" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="center">Chest <a href="/wiki/X-ray" title="X-ray">X-ray</a> showing left sided hemothorax (arrowed)</div></div></div></div><br />A <b><a href="/wiki/Hemothorax" title="Hemothorax">hemothorax</a></b> (derived from <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hemo-" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:hemo-">hemo-</a> [blood] + <a href="/wiki/Thorax" title="Thorax">thorax</a> [chest], plural <i>hemothoraces</i>) is an accumulation of blood within the <a href="/wiki/Pleural_cavity" title="Pleural cavity">pleural cavity</a>. The symptoms of a hemothorax may include chest pain and difficulty breathing, while the clinical signs may include reduced breath sounds on the affected side and a <a href="/wiki/Tachycardia" title="Tachycardia">rapid heart rate</a>. Hemothoraces are usually caused by an injury, but they may occur spontaneously due to <a href="/wiki/Cancer" title="Cancer">cancer</a> invading the pleural cavity, as a result of a <a href="/wiki/Coagulopathy" title="Coagulopathy">blood clotting disorder</a>, as an unusual manifestation of <a href="/wiki/Endometriosis" title="Endometriosis">endometriosis</a>, in response to <a href="/wiki/Pneumothorax" title="Pneumothorax">pneumothorax</a>, or rarely in association with other conditions.<br /><br />Hemothoraces are usually diagnosed using a <a href="/wiki/Chest_radiograph" title="Chest radiograph">chest X-ray</a>, but they can be identified using other forms of imaging including <a href="/wiki/Medical_ultrasound" title="Medical ultrasound">ultrasound</a>, a <a href="/wiki/CT_scan" title="CT scan">CT scan</a>, or an <a href="/wiki/Magnetic_resonance_imaging" title="Magnetic resonance imaging">MRI</a>. They can be differentiated from other forms of fluid within the pleural cavity by <a href="/wiki/Thoracentesis" title="Thoracentesis">analysing a sample of the fluid</a>, and are defined as having a <a href="/wiki/Hematocrit" title="Hematocrit">hematocrit</a> of greater than 50% that of the person's blood. Hemothoraces may be treated by draining the blood using a <a href="/wiki/Chest_tube" title="Chest tube">chest tube</a>. Surgery may be required if the bleeding continues. If treated, the prognosis is usually good. Complications of a hemothorax include <a href="/wiki/Pleural_empyema" title="Pleural empyema">infection within the pleural cavity</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Fibrothorax" title="Fibrothorax">formation of scar tissue</a>. (<b><a href="/wiki/Hemothorax" title="Hemothorax">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 12 Ixodes ricinus, a hard tick Ticks are parasitic arachnids of the order Ixodida. They are part of the mite superorder Parasitiformes. Adult ticks are approximately 3 to 5 mm in length depending on age, sex, species, and "fullness". Ticks are external parasites, living by feeding on the blood of mammals, birds, and sometimes reptiles and amphibians. The timing of the origin of ticks is uncertain, though the oldest known tick fossils are from the Cretaceous period, around 100 million years old. Ticks are widely distributed around the world, especially in warm, humid climates. Ticks belong to two major families, the Ixodidae or hard ticks, and the Argasidae, or soft ticks. Nuttalliella, a genus of tick from southern Africa, is the only member of the family Nuttalliellidae, and represents the most primitive living lineage of ticks. Adults have ovoid/pear-shaped bodies (idiosomas) which become engorged with blood when they feed, and eight legs. Their cephalothorax and abdomen are completely fused. In addition to having a hard shield on their dorsal surfaces, known as the scutum, hard ticks have a beak-like structure at the front containing the mouthparts, whereas soft ticks have their mouthparts on the underside of their bodies. Ticks locate potential hosts by sensing odor, body heat, moisture, and/or vibrations in the environment. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 12 Ixodes ricinus, a hard tick Ticks are parasitic arachnids of the order Ixodida. They are part of the mite superorder Parasitiformes. Adult ticks are approximately 3 to 5 mm in length depending on age, sex, species, and "fullness". Ticks are external parasites, living by feeding on the blood of mammals, birds, and sometimes reptiles and amphibians. The timing of the origin of ticks is uncertain, though the oldest known tick fossils are from the Cretaceous period, around 100 million years old. Ticks are widely distributed around the world, especially in warm, humid climates. Ticks belong to two major families, the Ixodidae or hard ticks, and the Argasidae, or soft ticks. Nuttalliella, a genus of tick from southern Africa, is the only member of the family Nuttalliellidae, and represents the most primitive living lineage of ticks. Adults have ovoid/pear-shaped bodies (idiosomas) which become engorged with blood when they feed, and eight legs. Their cephalothorax and abdomen are completely fused. In addition to having a hard shield on their dorsal surfaces, known as the scutum, hard ticks have a beak-like structure at the front containing the mouthparts, whereas soft ticks have their mouthparts on the underside of their bodies. Ticks locate potential hosts by sensing odor, body heat, moisture, and/or vibrations in the environment. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 12</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><div class="thumb tright" style="overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:308px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="width:auto;overflow:auto;"><div style="white-space:normal"><br /><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Ixodus_ricinus_5x.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Ixodus_ricinus_5x.jpg/220px-Ixodus_ricinus_5x.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Ixodus_ricinus_5x.jpg/330px-Ixodus_ricinus_5x.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Ixodus_ricinus_5x.jpg/440px-Ixodus_ricinus_5x.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2200" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="center"><i><a href="/wiki/Ixodes_ricinus" title="Ixodes ricinus">Ixodes ricinus</a></i>, a hard tick</div></div></div></div><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Tick" title="Tick">Ticks</a></b> are parasitic <a href="/wiki/Arachnid" title="Arachnid">arachnids</a> of the order <b>Ixodida</b>. They are part of the <a href="/wiki/Mite" title="Mite">mite</a> superorder <a href="/wiki/Parasitiformes" title="Parasitiformes">Parasitiformes</a>. Adult ticks are approximately 3 to 5 mm in length depending on age, sex, species, and "fullness". Ticks are external <a href="/wiki/Parasite" class="mw-redirect" title="Parasite">parasites</a>, living by <a href="/wiki/Hematophagy" title="Hematophagy">feeding on the blood</a> of mammals, birds, and sometimes reptiles and amphibians. The timing of the origin of ticks is uncertain, though the oldest known tick fossils are from the <a href="/wiki/Cretaceous" title="Cretaceous">Cretaceous</a> period, around 100 million years old. Ticks are widely distributed around the world, especially in warm, humid climates.<br /><br />Ticks belong to two major families, the <a href="/wiki/Ixodidae" title="Ixodidae">Ixodidae</a> or hard ticks, and the <a href="/wiki/Argasidae" title="Argasidae">Argasidae</a>, or soft ticks. <i><a href="/wiki/Nuttalliella" title="Nuttalliella">Nuttalliella</a>,</i> a genus of tick from southern Africa, is the only member of the family Nuttalliellidae, and represents the most primitive living lineage of ticks. Adults have ovoid/pear-shaped bodies (idiosomas) which become engorged with blood when they feed, and eight legs. Their <a href="/wiki/Cephalothorax" title="Cephalothorax">cephalothorax</a> and abdomen are completely fused. In addition to having a hard shield on their dorsal surfaces, known as the scutum, hard ticks have a beak-like structure at the front containing the mouthparts, whereas soft ticks have their mouthparts on the underside of their bodies. Ticks locate potential hosts by sensing odor, body heat, moisture, and/or vibrations in the environment. (<b><a href="/wiki/Tick" title="Tick">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 13 Rapid strep test kit The rapid strep test (RST) is a rapid antigen detection test (RADT) that is widely used in clinics to assist in the diagnosis of bacterial pharyngitis caused by group A streptococci (GAS), sometimes termed strep throat. There are currently several types of rapid strep test in use, each employing a distinct technology. However, they all work by detecting the presence of GAS in the throat of a person by responding to GAS-specific antigens on a throat swab. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 13 Rapid strep test kit The rapid strep test (RST) is a rapid antigen detection test (RADT) that is widely used in clinics to assist in the diagnosis of bacterial pharyngitis caused by group A streptococci (GAS), sometimes termed strep throat. There are currently several types of rapid strep test in use, each employing a distinct technology. However, they all work by detecting the presence of GAS in the throat of a person by responding to GAS-specific antigens on a throat swab. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 13</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><div class="thumb tright" style="overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:308px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="width:auto;overflow:auto;"><div style="white-space:normal"><br /><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Streptatest_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Streptatest_01.jpg/220px-Streptatest_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Streptatest_01.jpg/330px-Streptatest_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Streptatest_01.jpg/440px-Streptatest_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2585" data-file-height="2044" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="center">Rapid strep test kit</div></div></div></div><br />The <b><a href="/wiki/Rapid_strep_test" title="Rapid strep test">rapid strep test</a></b> (<b>RST</b>) is a <a href="/wiki/Rapid_antigen_test" title="Rapid antigen test">rapid antigen detection test</a> (RADT) that is widely used in clinics to assist in the diagnosis of bacterial <a href="/wiki/Pharyngitis" title="Pharyngitis">pharyngitis</a> caused by <a href="/wiki/Group_A_streptococci" class="mw-redirect" title="Group A streptococci">group A streptococci</a> (GAS), sometimes termed <a href="/wiki/Strep_throat" class="mw-redirect" title="Strep throat">strep throat</a>. There are currently several types of rapid strep test in use, each employing a distinct technology. However, they all work by detecting the presence of GAS in the throat of a person by responding to GAS-specific <a href="/wiki/Antigens" class="mw-redirect" title="Antigens">antigens</a> on a throat swab. (<b><a href="/wiki/Rapid_strep_test" title="Rapid strep test">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 14 Karyotype of tetrasomy X Tetrasomy X, also known as 48,XXXX, is a chromosomal disorder in which a female has four, rather than two, copies of the X chromosome. It is associated with intellectual disability of varying severity, characteristic "coarse" facial features, heart defects, and skeletal anomalies such as increased height, clinodactyly (incurved pinky fingers), and radioulnar synostosis (fusion of the long bones in the forearm). Tetrasomy X is a rare condition, with few medically recognized cases; it is estimated to occur in approximately 1 in 50,000 females. The disorder has a wide range of symptoms, with phenotypes (presentations) ranging from slight to severe. It is suspected to be underdiagnosed, as are other sex chromosome disorders. Life outcomes vary; some women have had education, employment, and children, while others have remained dependent into adulthood. Life expectancy does not appear to be substantially reduced. Tetrasomy X has phenotypic overlap with a number of more common disorders, such as trisomy X and Down syndrome, and diagnosis is usually unclear prior to chromosomal testing. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 14 Karyotype of tetrasomy X Tetrasomy X, also known as 48,XXXX, is a chromosomal disorder in which a female has four, rather than two, copies of the X chromosome. It is associated with intellectual disability of varying severity, characteristic "coarse" facial features, heart defects, and skeletal anomalies such as increased height, clinodactyly (incurved pinky fingers), and radioulnar synostosis (fusion of the long bones in the forearm). Tetrasomy X is a rare condition, with few medically recognized cases; it is estimated to occur in approximately 1 in 50,000 females. The disorder has a wide range of symptoms, with phenotypes (presentations) ranging from slight to severe. It is suspected to be underdiagnosed, as are other sex chromosome disorders. Life outcomes vary; some women have had education, employment, and children, while others have remained dependent into adulthood. Life expectancy does not appear to be substantially reduced. Tetrasomy X has phenotypic overlap with a number of more common disorders, such as trisomy X and Down syndrome, and diagnosis is usually unclear prior to chromosomal testing. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 14</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><div class="thumb tright" style="overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:308px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="width:auto;overflow:auto;"><div style="white-space:normal"><br /><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:G-banded-chromosomal-analysis-showing-48-XXXX.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/G-banded-chromosomal-analysis-showing-48-XXXX.jpg/220px-G-banded-chromosomal-analysis-showing-48-XXXX.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/G-banded-chromosomal-analysis-showing-48-XXXX.jpg/330px-G-banded-chromosomal-analysis-showing-48-XXXX.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/G-banded-chromosomal-analysis-showing-48-XXXX.jpg/440px-G-banded-chromosomal-analysis-showing-48-XXXX.jpg 2x" data-file-width="850" data-file-height="596" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="center">Karyotype of tetrasomy X</div></div></div></div><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Tetrasomy_X" title="Tetrasomy X">Tetrasomy X</a></b>, also known as <b>48,XXXX</b>, is a <a href="/wiki/Chromosomal_disorder" class="mw-redirect" title="Chromosomal disorder">chromosomal disorder</a> in which a female has four, rather than two, copies of the <a href="/wiki/X_chromosome" title="X chromosome">X chromosome</a>. It is associated with <a href="/wiki/Intellectual_disability" title="Intellectual disability">intellectual disability</a> of varying severity, characteristic "coarse" facial features, <a href="/wiki/Heart_defects" class="mw-redirect" title="Heart defects">heart defects</a>, and skeletal anomalies such as increased height, <a href="/wiki/Clinodactyly" title="Clinodactyly">clinodactyly</a> (incurved <a href="/wiki/Pinky_finger" class="mw-redirect" title="Pinky finger">pinky fingers</a>), and <a href="/wiki/Radioulnar_synostosis" title="Radioulnar synostosis">radioulnar synostosis</a> (fusion of the long bones in the forearm). Tetrasomy X is a rare condition, with few medically recognized cases; it is estimated to occur in approximately 1 in 50,000 females.<br /><br />The disorder has a wide range of symptoms, with <a href="/wiki/Phenotype" title="Phenotype">phenotypes</a> (presentations) ranging from slight to severe. It is suspected to be underdiagnosed, as are other sex chromosome disorders. Life outcomes vary; some women have had education, employment, and children, while others have remained dependent into adulthood. Life expectancy does not appear to be substantially reduced. Tetrasomy X has phenotypic overlap with a number of more common disorders, such as <a href="/wiki/Trisomy_X" title="Trisomy X">trisomy X</a> and <a href="/wiki/Down_syndrome" title="Down syndrome">Down syndrome</a>, and diagnosis is usually unclear prior to chromosomal testing. (<b><a href="/wiki/Tetrasomy_X" title="Tetrasomy X">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 15 Woman during a migraine attack Migraine (UK: /ˈmiːɡreɪn/, US: /ˈmaɪ-/) is a genetically-influenced complex neurological disorder characterized by episodes of moderate-to-severe headache, most often unilateral and generally associated with nausea and light and sound sensitivity. Other characterizing symptoms may include vomiting, cognitive dysfunction, allodynia, and dizziness. Exacerbation or worsening of headache symptoms during physical activity is another distinguishing feature. Up to one-third of people with migraine experience aura, a premonitory period of sensory disturbance widely accepted to be caused by cortical spreading depression at the onset of a migraine attack. Although primarily considered to be a headache disorder, migraine is highly heterogenous in its clinical presentation and is better thought of as a spectrum disease rather than a distinct clinical entity. Disease burden can range from episodic discrete attacks to chronic disease. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 15 Woman during a migraine attack Migraine (UK: /ˈmiːɡreɪn/, US: /ˈmaɪ-/) is a genetically-influenced complex neurological disorder characterized by episodes of moderate-to-severe headache, most often unilateral and generally associated with nausea and light and sound sensitivity. Other characterizing symptoms may include vomiting, cognitive dysfunction, allodynia, and dizziness. Exacerbation or worsening of headache symptoms during physical activity is another distinguishing feature. Up to one-third of people with migraine experience aura, a premonitory period of sensory disturbance widely accepted to be caused by cortical spreading depression at the onset of a migraine attack. Although primarily considered to be a headache disorder, migraine is highly heterogenous in its clinical presentation and is better thought of as a spectrum disease rather than a distinct clinical entity. Disease burden can range from episodic discrete attacks to chronic disease. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 15</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><div class="thumb tright" style="overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:308px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="width:auto;overflow:auto;"><div style="white-space:normal"><br /><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Migraine.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Migraine.jpg/220px-Migraine.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="198" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Migraine.jpg/330px-Migraine.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Migraine.jpg/440px-Migraine.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2140" data-file-height="1924" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="center">Woman during a migraine attack</div></div></div></div><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Migraine" title="Migraine">Migraine</a></b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small"><a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">UK</a>: </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/iː/: 'ee' in 'fleece'">iː</span><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/eɪ/: 'a' in 'face'">eɪ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span></span>/</a></span></span>, <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small"><a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">US</a>: </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/aɪ/: 'i' in 'tide'">aɪ</span></span>-/</a></span></span>) is a genetically-influenced complex <a href="/wiki/Neurological_disorder" title="Neurological disorder">neurological disorder</a> characterized by episodes of moderate-to-severe <a href="/wiki/Headache" title="Headache">headache</a>, most often unilateral and generally associated with <a href="/wiki/Nausea" title="Nausea">nausea</a> and <a href="/wiki/Photophobia" title="Photophobia">light</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hyperacusis" title="Hyperacusis">sound sensitivity</a>. Other characterizing symptoms may include <a href="/wiki/Vomiting" title="Vomiting">vomiting</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cognitive_dysfunction" class="mw-redirect" title="Cognitive dysfunction">cognitive dysfunction</a>, <a href="/wiki/Allodynia" title="Allodynia">allodynia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Dizziness" title="Dizziness">dizziness</a>. Exacerbation or worsening of headache symptoms during physical activity is another distinguishing feature.<br /><br />Up to one-third of people with migraine experience <a href="/wiki/Aura_(symptom)" title="Aura (symptom)">aura</a>, a premonitory period of sensory disturbance widely accepted to be caused by <a href="/wiki/Cortical_spreading_depression" title="Cortical spreading depression">cortical spreading depression</a> at the onset of a migraine attack. Although primarily considered to be a headache disorder, migraine is highly heterogenous in its clinical presentation and is better thought of as a spectrum disease rather than a distinct clinical entity. <a href="/wiki/Disease_burden" title="Disease burden">Disease burden</a> can range from episodic discrete attacks to chronic disease. (<b><a href="/wiki/Migraine" title="Migraine">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> </ul></div></div> <div class="noprint" style="margin:0.3em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em; padding:0.3em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em; text-align:right;"><b><a href="/wiki/Portal:Medicine/Recognized_content#Good_articles" title="Portal:Medicine/Recognized content">More good articles</a></b></div><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:white;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid #3673c5;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#3673c5;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:1px 1px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><h2 id="Did_you_know_–_show_different_entries" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:white;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em"><span id="Did_you_know_.E2.80.93_show_different_entries"></span>Did you know – <span class="noprint plainlinks purgelink"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal:Medicine&action=purge"><span title="Purge this page"><small><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white"><i>show different entries</i></span></small></span></a></span></h2></div><div style="color:black;opacity:1;border:1px solid #3673c5;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#ffffff;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <ul><li>...anyone who falsely claims to be a <b><a href="/wiki/Biomedical_scientist" title="Biomedical scientist">biomedical scientist</a></b> in the <a href="/wiki/UK" class="mw-redirect" title="UK">UK</a> commits an offence and could be <a href="/wiki/Fine_(penalty)" title="Fine (penalty)">fined</a> up to <a href="/wiki/Pound_sterling" title="Pound sterling">£</a>5000?</li></ul> <ul><li>...<b><a href="/wiki/Hyperkalemia" title="Hyperkalemia">Hyperkalemia</a></b> (<i>hyper</i> is high, <i>kalium</i> is the <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> name for potassium) is an elevated blood level (above 5.0 mmol/L) of the <a href="/wiki/Electrolyte" title="Electrolyte">electrolyte</a> <a href="/wiki/Potassium" title="Potassium">potassium</a>? Extreme degrees of hyperkalemia are considered a <a href="/wiki/Medical_emergency" title="Medical emergency">medical emergency</a> due to the risk of potentially fatal <a href="/wiki/Arrhythmias" class="mw-redirect" title="Arrhythmias">arrhythmias</a>.</li></ul> <div class="noprint" align="right"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Updated_DYK_query.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a0/Updated_DYK_query.svg/15px-Updated_DYK_query.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a0/Updated_DYK_query.svg/23px-Updated_DYK_query.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a0/Updated_DYK_query.svg/30px-Updated_DYK_query.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="35" data-file-height="71" /></a></span><b><a href="/wiki/Portal:Medicine/Did_you_know_archive" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Medicine/Did you know archive">Did you know archive</a></b></div> <div style="clear:both;"></div></div> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:white;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid #3673c5;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#3673c5;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:1px 1px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><h2 id="General_images_–_load_new_batch" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:white;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em"><span id="General_images_.E2.80.93_load_new_batch"></span>General images – <span class="noprint plainlinks purgelink"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal:Medicine&action=purge"><span title="Purge this page"><small><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white"><i>load new batch</i></span></small></span></a></span></h2></div><div style="color:black;opacity:1;border:1px solid #3673c5;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#ffffff;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><small><b>The following are images from various Medicine-related articles on Wikipedia.</b></small></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1021884966"><div class="randomSlideshow-container" style="max-width:100%; margin:-4em auto;"><div class="nomobile"></div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-slideshow switcher-container"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:18th_Century_Recipes_f.459_-_Medical_remedies.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 118th-century medical remedies collected by a British Gentry family (from History of medicine)"><img alt="Image 118th-century medical remedies collected by a British Gentry family (from History of medicine)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/18th_Century_Recipes_f.459_-_Medical_remedies.jpg/72px-18th_Century_Recipes_f.459_-_Medical_remedies.jpg" decoding="async" width="72" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/18th_Century_Recipes_f.459_-_Medical_remedies.jpg/109px-18th_Century_Recipes_f.459_-_Medical_remedies.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/18th_Century_Recipes_f.459_-_Medical_remedies.jpg/145px-18th_Century_Recipes_f.459_-_Medical_remedies.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1680" data-file-height="2782" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 1</span></span>18th-century medical remedies collected by a British Gentry family (from <b><a href="/wiki/History_of_medicine" title="History of medicine">History of medicine</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Guy%27s_Hospital00.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 2Guy's Hospital in 1820 (from History of medicine)"><img alt="Image 2Guy's Hospital in 1820 (from History of medicine)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Guy%27s_Hospital00.jpg/120px-Guy%27s_Hospital00.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Guy%27s_Hospital00.jpg/180px-Guy%27s_Hospital00.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Guy%27s_Hospital00.jpg/240px-Guy%27s_Hospital00.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2660" data-file-height="1852" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 2</span></span><a href="/wiki/Guy%27s_Hospital" title="Guy's Hospital">Guy's Hospital</a> in 1820 (from <b><a href="/wiki/History_of_medicine" title="History of medicine">History of medicine</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Health_spending._OECD_countries._US_dollars_per_capita_(using_economy-wide_PPPs).png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 3Total healthcare cost per person. Public and private spending. US dollars PPP. For example: $6,319 for Canada in 2022. $12,555 for the US in 2022. (from Health care)"><img alt="Image 3Total healthcare cost per person. Public and private spending. US dollars PPP. For example: $6,319 for Canada in 2022. $12,555 for the US in 2022. (from Health care)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Health_spending._OECD_countries._US_dollars_per_capita_%28using_economy-wide_PPPs%29.png/120px-Health_spending._OECD_countries._US_dollars_per_capita_%28using_economy-wide_PPPs%29.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Health_spending._OECD_countries._US_dollars_per_capita_%28using_economy-wide_PPPs%29.png/180px-Health_spending._OECD_countries._US_dollars_per_capita_%28using_economy-wide_PPPs%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Health_spending._OECD_countries._US_dollars_per_capita_%28using_economy-wide_PPPs%29.png/240px-Health_spending._OECD_countries._US_dollars_per_capita_%28using_economy-wide_PPPs%29.png 2x" data-file-width="2562" data-file-height="1267" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 3</span></span><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_total_health_expenditure_per_capita" title="List of countries by total health expenditure per capita">Total healthcare cost per person</a>. Public and private spending. US dollars <a href="/wiki/Purchasing_power_parity" title="Purchasing power parity">PPP</a>. For example: $6,319 for Canada in 2022. $12,555 for the US in 2022. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Health_care" title="Health care">Health care</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Leeuwenhoek_Microscope.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 4Replica of Antonie van Leeuwenhoek's microscope of the 1670s (from History of medicine)"><img alt="Image 4Replica of Antonie van Leeuwenhoek's microscope of the 1670s (from History of medicine)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Leeuwenhoek_Microscope.png/72px-Leeuwenhoek_Microscope.png" decoding="async" width="72" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Leeuwenhoek_Microscope.png/108px-Leeuwenhoek_Microscope.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Leeuwenhoek_Microscope.png/144px-Leeuwenhoek_Microscope.png 2x" data-file-width="1007" data-file-height="1676" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 4</span></span>Replica of <a href="/wiki/Antonie_van_Leeuwenhoek" title="Antonie van Leeuwenhoek">Antonie van Leeuwenhoek</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Microscope" title="Microscope">microscope</a> of the 1670s (from <b><a href="/wiki/History_of_medicine" title="History of medicine">History of medicine</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HippocraticOath.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 5A 12th-century Byzantine manuscript of the Hippocratic Oath (from Medical ethics)"><img alt="Image 5A 12th-century Byzantine manuscript of the Hippocratic Oath (from Medical ethics)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/HippocraticOath.jpg/85px-HippocraticOath.jpg" decoding="async" width="85" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/HippocraticOath.jpg/127px-HippocraticOath.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/HippocraticOath.jpg/170px-HippocraticOath.jpg 2x" data-file-width="696" data-file-height="983" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 5</span></span>A 12th-century <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine empire">Byzantine</a> manuscript of the <a href="/wiki/Hippocratic_Oath" title="Hippocratic Oath">Hippocratic Oath</a> (from <b><a href="/wiki/Medical_ethics" title="Medical ethics">Medical ethics</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NaplesDioscuridesMandrake.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 6Mandrake (written 'ΜΑΝΔΡΑΓΟΡΑ' in Greek capitals). Naples Dioscurides, 7th century (from History of medicine)"><img alt="Image 6Mandrake (written 'ΜΑΝΔΡΑΓΟΡΑ' in Greek capitals). Naples Dioscurides, 7th century (from History of medicine)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/NaplesDioscuridesMandrake.jpg/102px-NaplesDioscuridesMandrake.jpg" decoding="async" width="102" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/NaplesDioscuridesMandrake.jpg/153px-NaplesDioscuridesMandrake.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/NaplesDioscuridesMandrake.jpg/204px-NaplesDioscuridesMandrake.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2396" data-file-height="2819" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 6</span></span><a href="/wiki/Mandrake" title="Mandrake">Mandrake</a> (written 'ΜΑΝΔΡΑΓΟΡΑ' in Greek capitals). <i><a href="/wiki/Naples_Dioscurides" title="Naples Dioscurides">Naples Dioscurides</a></i>, 7th century (from <b><a href="/wiki/History_of_medicine" title="History of medicine">History of medicine</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Healthcare_expenditures_in_Japan_by_Age.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 7healthcare expenditure in Japan by age group (from Health insurance)"><img alt="Image 7healthcare expenditure in Japan by age group (from Health insurance)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Healthcare_expenditures_in_Japan_by_Age.svg/120px-Healthcare_expenditures_in_Japan_by_Age.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Healthcare_expenditures_in_Japan_by_Age.svg/180px-Healthcare_expenditures_in_Japan_by_Age.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Healthcare_expenditures_in_Japan_by_Age.svg/240px-Healthcare_expenditures_in_Japan_by_Age.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="450" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 7</span></span>healthcare expenditure in Japan by age group (from <b><a href="/wiki/Health_insurance" title="Health insurance">Health insurance</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hieroglyphic-brain.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 8The Edwin Smith Surgical Papyrus, written in the 17th century BCE, contains the earliest recorded reference to the brain. New York Academy of Medicine. (from History of medicine)"><img alt="The Edwin Smith Surgical Papyrus, written in the 17th century BCE, contains the earliest recorded reference to the brain. New York Academy of Medicine." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Hieroglyphic-brain.png/120px-Hieroglyphic-brain.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="64" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Hieroglyphic-brain.png/180px-Hieroglyphic-brain.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Hieroglyphic-brain.png/240px-Hieroglyphic-brain.png 2x" data-file-width="357" data-file-height="189" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 8</span></span>The <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Smith_Surgical_Papyrus" class="mw-redirect" title="Edwin Smith Surgical Papyrus">Edwin Smith Surgical Papyrus</a>, written in the 17th century <a href="/wiki/Common_Era" title="Common Era">BCE</a>, contains the earliest recorded reference to the brain. <a href="/wiki/New_York_Academy_of_Medicine" title="New York Academy of Medicine">New York Academy of Medicine</a>. (from <b><a href="/wiki/History_of_medicine" title="History of medicine">History of medicine</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ab%C5%AB_Bakr_al-R%C4%81z%C4%AB,_Sayr_mulhimah_min_al-Sharq_wa-al-Gharb.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 9Sketch of Muslim physician Muhammad ibn Zakariya al-Razi (from History of medicine)"><img alt="Image 9Sketch of Muslim physician Muhammad ibn Zakariya al-Razi (from History of medicine)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Ab%C5%AB_Bakr_al-R%C4%81z%C4%AB%2C_Sayr_mulhimah_min_al-Sharq_wa-al-Gharb.png/111px-Ab%C5%AB_Bakr_al-R%C4%81z%C4%AB%2C_Sayr_mulhimah_min_al-Sharq_wa-al-Gharb.png" decoding="async" width="111" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Ab%C5%AB_Bakr_al-R%C4%81z%C4%AB%2C_Sayr_mulhimah_min_al-Sharq_wa-al-Gharb.png/167px-Ab%C5%AB_Bakr_al-R%C4%81z%C4%AB%2C_Sayr_mulhimah_min_al-Sharq_wa-al-Gharb.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Ab%C5%AB_Bakr_al-R%C4%81z%C4%AB%2C_Sayr_mulhimah_min_al-Sharq_wa-al-Gharb.png/222px-Ab%C5%AB_Bakr_al-R%C4%81z%C4%AB%2C_Sayr_mulhimah_min_al-Sharq_wa-al-Gharb.png 2x" data-file-width="796" data-file-height="859" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 9</span></span>Sketch of Muslim physician <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_Zakariya_al-Razi" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad ibn Zakariya al-Razi">Muhammad ibn Zakariya al-Razi</a> (from <b><a href="/wiki/History_of_medicine" title="History of medicine">History of medicine</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Billing_clerk_-_1992_-_BLS.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 10An American billing clerk preparing a detailed invoice. (1992) (from Medical billing)"><img alt="Image 10An American billing clerk preparing a detailed invoice. (1992) (from Medical billing)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Billing_clerk_-_1992_-_BLS.png/120px-Billing_clerk_-_1992_-_BLS.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Billing_clerk_-_1992_-_BLS.png/180px-Billing_clerk_-_1992_-_BLS.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Billing_clerk_-_1992_-_BLS.png/240px-Billing_clerk_-_1992_-_BLS.png 2x" data-file-width="1053" data-file-height="725" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 10</span></span>An American billing clerk preparing a detailed invoice. (1992) (from <b><a href="/wiki/Medical_billing" title="Medical billing">Medical billing</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:WBAMC_first_in_DoD_to_use_robot_for_surgery_160426-A-EK666-511.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 11Medical personnel place sterilized covers on the arms of the daVinci Xi surgical system, a minimally-invasive robotic surgery system, at the William Beaumont Army Medical Center. (from History of medicine)"><img alt="Image 11Medical personnel place sterilized covers on the arms of the daVinci Xi surgical system, a minimally-invasive robotic surgery system, at the William Beaumont Army Medical Center. (from History of medicine)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/WBAMC_first_in_DoD_to_use_robot_for_surgery_160426-A-EK666-511.jpg/120px-WBAMC_first_in_DoD_to_use_robot_for_surgery_160426-A-EK666-511.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/WBAMC_first_in_DoD_to_use_robot_for_surgery_160426-A-EK666-511.jpg/180px-WBAMC_first_in_DoD_to_use_robot_for_surgery_160426-A-EK666-511.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/WBAMC_first_in_DoD_to_use_robot_for_surgery_160426-A-EK666-511.jpg/240px-WBAMC_first_in_DoD_to_use_robot_for_surgery_160426-A-EK666-511.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3812" data-file-height="2723" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 11</span></span>Medical personnel place sterilized covers on the arms of the <a href="/wiki/Da_Vinci_Surgical_System" title="Da Vinci Surgical System">daVinci Xi surgical system</a>, a minimally-invasive robotic surgery system, at the William Beaumont Army Medical Center. (from <b><a href="/wiki/History_of_medicine" title="History of medicine">History of medicine</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Life_expectancy_vs_healthcare_spending.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 12Life expectancy vs healthcare spending of rich OECD countries. US average of $10,447 in 2018. (from Health care)"><img alt="Image 12Life expectancy vs healthcare spending of rich OECD countries. US average of $10,447 in 2018. (from Health care)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Life_expectancy_vs_healthcare_spending.jpg/120px-Life_expectancy_vs_healthcare_spending.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Life_expectancy_vs_healthcare_spending.jpg/180px-Life_expectancy_vs_healthcare_spending.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Life_expectancy_vs_healthcare_spending.jpg/240px-Life_expectancy_vs_healthcare_spending.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1876" data-file-height="1816" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 12</span></span>Life expectancy vs healthcare spending of rich <a href="/wiki/OECD" title="OECD">OECD</a> countries. <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_total_health_expenditure_per_capita" title="List of countries by total health expenditure per capita">US average of $10,447 in 2018</a>. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Health_care" title="Health care">Health care</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ballet_Star_Kathryn_Lee_advertises_Camel_cigarettes,_1948.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 13"More Doctors Smoke Camels than Any Other Cigarette" advertisement for Camel cigarettes in the 1940s (from Medical ethics)"><img alt="Image 13"More Doctors Smoke Camels than Any Other Cigarette" advertisement for Camel cigarettes in the 1940s (from Medical ethics)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Ballet_Star_Kathryn_Lee_advertises_Camel_cigarettes%2C_1948.jpg/88px-Ballet_Star_Kathryn_Lee_advertises_Camel_cigarettes%2C_1948.jpg" decoding="async" width="88" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Ballet_Star_Kathryn_Lee_advertises_Camel_cigarettes%2C_1948.jpg/132px-Ballet_Star_Kathryn_Lee_advertises_Camel_cigarettes%2C_1948.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Ballet_Star_Kathryn_Lee_advertises_Camel_cigarettes%2C_1948.jpg/177px-Ballet_Star_Kathryn_Lee_advertises_Camel_cigarettes%2C_1948.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3380" data-file-height="4589" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 13</span></span><i>"More Doctors Smoke Camels than Any Other Cigarette"</i> <a href="/wiki/Cigarette_advertising" class="mw-redirect" title="Cigarette advertising">advertisement</a> for <a href="/wiki/Camel_(cigarette)" title="Camel (cigarette)">Camel</a> cigarettes in the 1940s (from <b><a href="/wiki/Medical_ethics" title="Medical ethics">Medical ethics</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Botanica.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 14Botánicas such as this one in Jamaica Plain, Boston, cater to the Latino community and sell folk medicine alongside statues of saints, candles decorated with prayers, lucky bamboo, and other items. (from Traditional medicine)"><img alt="Image 14Botánicas such as this one in Jamaica Plain, Boston, cater to the Latino community and sell folk medicine alongside statues of saints, candles decorated with prayers, lucky bamboo, and other items. (from Traditional medicine)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Botanica.jpg/120px-Botanica.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Botanica.jpg/180px-Botanica.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Botanica.jpg/240px-Botanica.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 14</span></span><a href="/wiki/Bot%C3%A1nica" title="Botánica">Botánicas</a> such as this one in <a href="/wiki/Jamaica_Plain" title="Jamaica Plain">Jamaica Plain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a>, cater to the <a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans">Latino</a> community and sell folk medicine alongside statues of <a href="/wiki/Saint" title="Saint">saints</a>, <a href="/wiki/Candle" title="Candle">candles</a> decorated with <a href="/wiki/Prayer" title="Prayer">prayers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lucky_bamboo" class="mw-redirect" title="Lucky bamboo">lucky bamboo</a>, and other items. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Traditional_medicine" title="Traditional medicine">Traditional medicine</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Market_Pharmacy_Tana_MS5179.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 15Traditional medicine in a market in Antananarivo, Madagascar (from Traditional medicine)"><img alt="Image 15Traditional medicine in a market in Antananarivo, Madagascar (from Traditional medicine)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Market_Pharmacy_Tana_MS5179.jpg/120px-Market_Pharmacy_Tana_MS5179.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Market_Pharmacy_Tana_MS5179.jpg/180px-Market_Pharmacy_Tana_MS5179.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Market_Pharmacy_Tana_MS5179.jpg/240px-Market_Pharmacy_Tana_MS5179.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4272" data-file-height="2848" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 15</span></span>Traditional medicine in a market in <a href="/wiki/Antananarivo" title="Antananarivo">Antananarivo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a> (from <b><a href="/wiki/Traditional_medicine" title="Traditional medicine">Traditional medicine</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Life_Expectancy_in_OECD.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 16Life Expectancy of the total population at birth among several OECD member nations. Data source: OECD's iLibrary (from Health insurance)"><img alt="Image 16Life Expectancy of the total population at birth among several OECD member nations. Data source: OECD's iLibrary (from Health insurance)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Life_Expectancy_in_OECD.svg/120px-Life_Expectancy_in_OECD.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Life_Expectancy_in_OECD.svg/180px-Life_Expectancy_in_OECD.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Life_Expectancy_in_OECD.svg/240px-Life_Expectancy_in_OECD.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="720" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 16</span></span>Life Expectancy of the total population at birth among several OECD member nations. Data source: OECD's iLibrary (from <b><a href="/wiki/Health_insurance" title="Health insurance">Health insurance</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hippocrates_rubens.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 17Hippocrates (c. 460–370 BCE). Known as the "father of medicine". (from History of medicine)"><img alt="Image 17Hippocrates (c. 460–370 BCE). Known as the "father of medicine". (from History of medicine)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Hippocrates_rubens.jpg/86px-Hippocrates_rubens.jpg" decoding="async" width="86" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Hippocrates_rubens.jpg/129px-Hippocrates_rubens.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Hippocrates_rubens.jpg/172px-Hippocrates_rubens.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2365" data-file-height="3301" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 17</span></span><a href="/wiki/Hippocrates" title="Hippocrates">Hippocrates</a> (<abbr>c.</abbr> 460–370 BCE). Known as the "father of medicine". (from <b><a href="/wiki/History_of_medicine" title="History of medicine">History of medicine</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Louis_Pasteur_experiment.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 18Louis Pasteur experimenting on bacteria, c. 1870 (from History of medicine)"><img alt="Image 18Louis Pasteur experimenting on bacteria, c. 1870 (from History of medicine)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Louis_Pasteur_experiment.jpg/116px-Louis_Pasteur_experiment.jpg" decoding="async" width="116" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Louis_Pasteur_experiment.jpg/174px-Louis_Pasteur_experiment.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Louis_Pasteur_experiment.jpg/232px-Louis_Pasteur_experiment.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1547" data-file-height="1600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 18</span></span><a href="/wiki/Louis_Pasteur" title="Louis Pasteur">Louis Pasteur</a> experimenting on bacteria, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1870</span> (from <b><a href="/wiki/History_of_medicine" title="History of medicine">History of medicine</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FEMA_-_18213_-_Photograph_by_Robert_Kaufmann_taken_on_10-25-2005_in_Louisiana.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 19The emergency room is often a frontline venue for the delivery of primary medical care. (from Health care)"><img alt="Image 19The emergency room is often a frontline venue for the delivery of primary medical care. (from Health care)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/FEMA_-_18213_-_Photograph_by_Robert_Kaufmann_taken_on_10-25-2005_in_Louisiana.jpg/120px-FEMA_-_18213_-_Photograph_by_Robert_Kaufmann_taken_on_10-25-2005_in_Louisiana.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/FEMA_-_18213_-_Photograph_by_Robert_Kaufmann_taken_on_10-25-2005_in_Louisiana.jpg/180px-FEMA_-_18213_-_Photograph_by_Robert_Kaufmann_taken_on_10-25-2005_in_Louisiana.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/FEMA_-_18213_-_Photograph_by_Robert_Kaufmann_taken_on_10-25-2005_in_Louisiana.jpg/240px-FEMA_-_18213_-_Photograph_by_Robert_Kaufmann_taken_on_10-25-2005_in_Louisiana.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3300" data-file-height="2200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 19</span></span>The <a href="/wiki/Emergency_room" class="mw-redirect" title="Emergency room">emergency room</a> is often a frontline venue for the delivery of primary medical care. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Health_care" title="Health care">Health care</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Magical_stela_or_cippus_of_Horus_MET_DP112603.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 20Magical stela or cippus of Horus inscribed with healing encantations (c. 332 to 280 BCE). (from History of medicine)"><img alt="Magical stela or cippus of Horus inscribed with healing encantations (c. 332 to 280 BCE)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Magical_stela_or_cippus_of_Horus_MET_DP112603.jpg/120px-Magical_stela_or_cippus_of_Horus_MET_DP112603.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Magical_stela_or_cippus_of_Horus_MET_DP112603.jpg/180px-Magical_stela_or_cippus_of_Horus_MET_DP112603.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Magical_stela_or_cippus_of_Horus_MET_DP112603.jpg/240px-Magical_stela_or_cippus_of_Horus_MET_DP112603.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 20</span></span>Magical stela or cippus of <a href="/wiki/Horus" title="Horus">Horus</a> inscribed with healing encantations (c. 332 to 280 <a href="/wiki/Common_Era" title="Common Era">BCE</a>). (from <b><a href="/wiki/History_of_medicine" title="History of medicine">History of medicine</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fighting_smallpox_in_Niger,_1969.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 21Smallpox vaccination in Niger, 1969. A decade later, this was the first infectious disease to be eradicated. (from History of medicine)"><img alt="Image 21Smallpox vaccination in Niger, 1969. A decade later, this was the first infectious disease to be eradicated. (from History of medicine)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Fighting_smallpox_in_Niger%2C_1969.jpg/93px-Fighting_smallpox_in_Niger%2C_1969.jpg" decoding="async" width="93" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Fighting_smallpox_in_Niger%2C_1969.jpg/139px-Fighting_smallpox_in_Niger%2C_1969.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Fighting_smallpox_in_Niger%2C_1969.jpg/185px-Fighting_smallpox_in_Niger%2C_1969.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2124" data-file-height="2750" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 21</span></span><a href="/wiki/Smallpox" title="Smallpox">Smallpox</a> vaccination in Niger, 1969. A decade later, this was the first infectious disease to be eradicated. (from <b><a href="/wiki/History_of_medicine" title="History of medicine">History of medicine</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FlorentineCodex_BK12_F54_smallpox.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 22Depiction of smallpox in Franciscan Bernardino de Sahagún's history of the conquest of Mexico, Book XII of the Florentine Codex, from the defeated Aztecs' point of view (from History of medicine)"><img alt="Image 22Depiction of smallpox in Franciscan Bernardino de Sahagún's history of the conquest of Mexico, Book XII of the Florentine Codex, from the defeated Aztecs' point of view (from History of medicine)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/FlorentineCodex_BK12_F54_smallpox.jpg/120px-FlorentineCodex_BK12_F54_smallpox.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/FlorentineCodex_BK12_F54_smallpox.jpg/180px-FlorentineCodex_BK12_F54_smallpox.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/FlorentineCodex_BK12_F54_smallpox.jpg/240px-FlorentineCodex_BK12_F54_smallpox.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="494" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 22</span></span>Depiction of <a href="/wiki/Smallpox" title="Smallpox">smallpox</a> in Franciscan <a href="/wiki/Bernardino_de_Sahag%C3%BAn" title="Bernardino de Sahagún">Bernardino de Sahagún</a>'s history of the conquest of Mexico, Book XII of the <i><a href="/wiki/Florentine_Codex" title="Florentine Codex">Florentine Codex</a></i>, from the defeated Aztecs' point of view (from <b><a href="/wiki/History_of_medicine" title="History of medicine">History of medicine</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Medicine_during_the_First_World_War-_Medical_Transport_Q33419.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 23Medicine during the First World War - Medical Transport. (from History of medicine)"><img alt="Image 23Medicine during the First World War - Medical Transport. (from History of medicine)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Medicine_during_the_First_World_War-_Medical_Transport_Q33419.jpg/120px-Medicine_during_the_First_World_War-_Medical_Transport_Q33419.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Medicine_during_the_First_World_War-_Medical_Transport_Q33419.jpg/180px-Medicine_during_the_First_World_War-_Medical_Transport_Q33419.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Medicine_during_the_First_World_War-_Medical_Transport_Q33419.jpg/240px-Medicine_during_the_First_World_War-_Medical_Transport_Q33419.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="647" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 23</span></span>Medicine during the First World War - Medical Transport. (from <b><a href="/wiki/History_of_medicine" title="History of medicine">History of medicine</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dibujo_Escudo_de_Armas_de_M%C3%A9xico.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 24Mexico City epidemic of 1737, with elites calling on the Virgin of Guadalupe (from History of medicine)"><img alt="Image 24Mexico City epidemic of 1737, with elites calling on the Virgin of Guadalupe (from History of medicine)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Dibujo_Escudo_de_Armas_de_M%C3%A9xico.jpg/80px-Dibujo_Escudo_de_Armas_de_M%C3%A9xico.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Dibujo_Escudo_de_Armas_de_M%C3%A9xico.jpg/119px-Dibujo_Escudo_de_Armas_de_M%C3%A9xico.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Dibujo_Escudo_de_Armas_de_M%C3%A9xico.jpg/159px-Dibujo_Escudo_de_Armas_de_M%C3%A9xico.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4124" data-file-height="6204" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 24</span></span>Mexico City epidemic of 1737, with elites calling on the <a href="/wiki/Virgin_of_Guadalupe" class="mw-redirect" title="Virgin of Guadalupe">Virgin of Guadalupe</a> (from <b><a href="/wiki/History_of_medicine" title="History of medicine">History of medicine</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Galenus.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 25Galen (129–216 CE), known for his wide insights into anatomy. (from History of medicine)"><img alt="Image 25Galen (129–216 CE), known for his wide insights into anatomy. (from History of medicine)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Galenus.jpg/72px-Galenus.jpg" decoding="async" width="72" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Galenus.jpg/109px-Galenus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Galenus.jpg/145px-Galenus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="469" data-file-height="776" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 25</span></span><a href="/wiki/Galen" title="Galen">Galen</a> (129–216 CE), known for his wide insights into anatomy. (from <b><a href="/wiki/History_of_medicine" title="History of medicine">History of medicine</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cuneiform_tablet_fragment_of_a_medical_text_c_9_to_7_BCE.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 26A Neo-Assyrian cuneiform tablet fragment describing medical text (c. 9th to 7th century BCE). (from History of medicine)"><img alt="A Neo-Assyrian cuneiform tablet fragment describing a medical text (c. 9th to 7th century BCE)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Cuneiform_tablet_fragment_of_a_medical_text_c_9_to_7_BCE.png/120px-Cuneiform_tablet_fragment_of_a_medical_text_c_9_to_7_BCE.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Cuneiform_tablet_fragment_of_a_medical_text_c_9_to_7_BCE.png/180px-Cuneiform_tablet_fragment_of_a_medical_text_c_9_to_7_BCE.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Cuneiform_tablet_fragment_of_a_medical_text_c_9_to_7_BCE.png/240px-Cuneiform_tablet_fragment_of_a_medical_text_c_9_to_7_BCE.png 2x" data-file-width="961" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 26</span></span>A <a href="/wiki/Neo-Assyrian_Empire" title="Neo-Assyrian Empire">Neo-Assyrian</a> <a href="/wiki/Cuneiform" title="Cuneiform">cuneiform</a> tablet fragment describing medical text (c. <a href="/wiki/9th_century_BC" title="9th century BC">9th</a> to <a href="/wiki/7th_century_BC" title="7th century BC">7th century</a> <a href="/wiki/Common_Era" title="Common Era">BCE</a>). (from <b><a href="/wiki/History_of_medicine" title="History of medicine">History of medicine</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HippocraticOath.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 27A 12th-century manuscript of the Hippocratic Oath in Greek, one of the most famous aspects of classical medicine that carried into later eras (from History of medicine)"><img alt="Image 27A 12th-century manuscript of the Hippocratic Oath in Greek, one of the most famous aspects of classical medicine that carried into later eras (from History of medicine)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/HippocraticOath.jpg/85px-HippocraticOath.jpg" decoding="async" width="85" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/HippocraticOath.jpg/127px-HippocraticOath.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/HippocraticOath.jpg/170px-HippocraticOath.jpg 2x" data-file-width="696" data-file-height="983" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 27</span></span>A 12th-century manuscript of the <a href="/wiki/Hippocratic_Oath" title="Hippocratic Oath">Hippocratic Oath</a> in Greek, one of the most famous aspects of classical medicine that carried into later eras (from <b><a href="/wiki/History_of_medicine" title="History of medicine">History of medicine</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%27%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA_%C2%AB%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96_%D0%B7_%D1%85%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%9D%D0%86%D0%94%C2%BB_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%97%D0%B2.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 28A Ukrainian monument to the HIV pandemic. (from History of medicine)"><img alt="Image 28A Ukrainian monument to the HIV pandemic. (from History of medicine)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%27%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA_%C2%AB%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96_%D0%B7_%D1%85%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%9D%D0%86%D0%94%C2%BB_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%97%D0%B2.JPG/80px-%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%27%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA_%C2%AB%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96_%D0%B7_%D1%85%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%9D%D0%86%D0%94%C2%BB_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%97%D0%B2.JPG" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%27%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA_%C2%AB%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96_%D0%B7_%D1%85%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%9D%D0%86%D0%94%C2%BB_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%97%D0%B2.JPG/120px-%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%27%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA_%C2%AB%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96_%D0%B7_%D1%85%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%9D%D0%86%D0%94%C2%BB_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%97%D0%B2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%27%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA_%C2%AB%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96_%D0%B7_%D1%85%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%9D%D0%86%D0%94%C2%BB_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%97%D0%B2.JPG/160px-%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%27%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA_%C2%AB%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96_%D0%B7_%D1%85%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%9D%D0%86%D0%94%C2%BB_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%97%D0%B2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="5472" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 28</span></span>A Ukrainian monument to the HIV pandemic. (from <b><a href="/wiki/History_of_medicine" title="History of medicine">History of medicine</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Terapevt_Mudrov_train.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 29Hospital train "Therapist Matvei Mudrov" in Khabarovsk, Russia (from Health care)"><img alt="Image 29Hospital train "Therapist Matvei Mudrov" in Khabarovsk, Russia (from Health care)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Terapevt_Mudrov_train.JPG/120px-Terapevt_Mudrov_train.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Terapevt_Mudrov_train.JPG/180px-Terapevt_Mudrov_train.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Terapevt_Mudrov_train.JPG/240px-Terapevt_Mudrov_train.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 29</span></span><a href="/wiki/Hospital_train" title="Hospital train">Hospital train</a> "Therapist Matvei Mudrov" in <a href="/wiki/Khabarovsk" title="Khabarovsk">Khabarovsk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> (from <b><a href="/wiki/Health_care" title="Health care">Health care</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Slow_loris_-_dried_01.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 30Sometimes traditional medicines include parts of endangered species, such as the slow loris in Southeast Asia. (from Traditional medicine)"><img alt="Image 30Sometimes traditional medicines include parts of endangered species, such as the slow loris in Southeast Asia. (from Traditional medicine)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Slow_loris_-_dried_01.JPG/120px-Slow_loris_-_dried_01.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Slow_loris_-_dried_01.JPG/180px-Slow_loris_-_dried_01.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Slow_loris_-_dried_01.JPG/240px-Slow_loris_-_dried_01.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1300" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 30</span></span>Sometimes traditional medicines include parts of endangered species, such as the <a href="/wiki/Slow_loris" title="Slow loris">slow loris</a> in Southeast Asia. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Traditional_medicine" title="Traditional medicine">Traditional medicine</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Aerial-Picture-of-Jackson-e1445995779731.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 31Jackson Memorial Hospital in Miami, the primary teaching hospital of the University of Miami's Miller School of Medicine and the largest hospital in the United States with 1,547 beds (from Health care)"><img alt="Image 31Jackson Memorial Hospital in Miami, the primary teaching hospital of the University of Miami's Miller School of Medicine and the largest hospital in the United States with 1,547 beds (from Health care)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Aerial-Picture-of-Jackson-e1445995779731.jpg/120px-Aerial-Picture-of-Jackson-e1445995779731.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Aerial-Picture-of-Jackson-e1445995779731.jpg/180px-Aerial-Picture-of-Jackson-e1445995779731.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Aerial-Picture-of-Jackson-e1445995779731.jpg/240px-Aerial-Picture-of-Jackson-e1445995779731.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2589" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 31</span></span><a href="/wiki/Jackson_Memorial_Hospital" title="Jackson Memorial Hospital">Jackson Memorial Hospital</a> in <a href="/wiki/Miami" title="Miami">Miami</a>, the primary teaching hospital of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Miami" title="University of Miami">University of Miami</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Miller_School_of_Medicine" title="Miller School of Medicine">Miller School of Medicine</a> and the largest hospital in the United States with 1,547 beds (from <b><a href="/wiki/Health_care" title="Health care">Health care</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Life_expectancy_in_select_Southern_African_countries_1960-2012.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 32Most countries have seen a tremendous increase in life expectancy since 1945. However, in southern Africa, the HIV epidemic beginning around 1990 has eroded national health. (from History of medicine)"><img alt="Image 32Most countries have seen a tremendous increase in life expectancy since 1945. However, in southern Africa, the HIV epidemic beginning around 1990 has eroded national health. (from History of medicine)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Life_expectancy_in_select_Southern_African_countries_1960-2012.svg/120px-Life_expectancy_in_select_Southern_African_countries_1960-2012.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Life_expectancy_in_select_Southern_African_countries_1960-2012.svg/180px-Life_expectancy_in_select_Southern_African_countries_1960-2012.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Life_expectancy_in_select_Southern_African_countries_1960-2012.svg/240px-Life_expectancy_in_select_Southern_African_countries_1960-2012.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="335" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 32</span></span>Most countries have seen a tremendous increase in life expectancy since 1945. However, in southern Africa, the HIV epidemic beginning around 1990 has eroded national health. (from <b><a href="/wiki/History_of_medicine" title="History of medicine">History of medicine</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nightingale-mortality.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 33"Diagram of the causes of mortality in the army in the East" by Florence Nightingale. (from History of medicine)"><img alt="Image 33"Diagram of the causes of mortality in the army in the East" by Florence Nightingale. (from History of medicine)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Nightingale-mortality.jpg/120px-Nightingale-mortality.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="66" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Nightingale-mortality.jpg/180px-Nightingale-mortality.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Nightingale-mortality.jpg/240px-Nightingale-mortality.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6996" data-file-height="3826" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 33</span></span>"<i><a href="/wiki/Polar_area_diagram" class="mw-redirect" title="Polar area diagram">Diagram</a> of the causes of mortality in the army in the East</i>" by Florence Nightingale. (from <b><a href="/wiki/History_of_medicine" title="History of medicine">History of medicine</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Heraklas_Plinthios_Brokhos_Jaw_Sling.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 34The plinthios brochos as described by Greek physician Heraklas, a sling for binding a fractured jaw. These writings were preserved in one of Oribasius' collections. (from History of medicine)"><img alt="Image 34The plinthios brochos as described by Greek physician Heraklas, a sling for binding a fractured jaw. These writings were preserved in one of Oribasius' collections. (from History of medicine)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Heraklas_Plinthios_Brokhos_Jaw_Sling.jpg/120px-Heraklas_Plinthios_Brokhos_Jaw_Sling.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Heraklas_Plinthios_Brokhos_Jaw_Sling.jpg/180px-Heraklas_Plinthios_Brokhos_Jaw_Sling.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Heraklas_Plinthios_Brokhos_Jaw_Sling.jpg/240px-Heraklas_Plinthios_Brokhos_Jaw_Sling.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 34</span></span>The <i>plinthios brochos</i> as described by Greek physician <a href="/wiki/Heraklas" title="Heraklas">Heraklas</a>, a sling for binding a <a href="/wiki/Bone_fracture" title="Bone fracture">fractured</a> <a href="/wiki/Human_mandible" class="mw-redirect" title="Human mandible">jaw</a>. These writings were preserved in one of <a href="/wiki/Oribasius" title="Oribasius">Oribasius</a>' collections. (from <b><a href="/wiki/History_of_medicine" title="History of medicine">History of medicine</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:U.S._Uninsured_and_Uninsured_Rate_(1987_to_2008).JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 35The numbers of Americans lacking health insurance and the uninsured rate from 1987 to 2008 (from Health insurance)"><img alt="Image 35The numbers of Americans lacking health insurance and the uninsured rate from 1987 to 2008 (from Health insurance)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/U.S._Uninsured_and_Uninsured_Rate_%281987_to_2008%29.JPG/120px-U.S._Uninsured_and_Uninsured_Rate_%281987_to_2008%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/U.S._Uninsured_and_Uninsured_Rate_%281987_to_2008%29.JPG/180px-U.S._Uninsured_and_Uninsured_Rate_%281987_to_2008%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/U.S._Uninsured_and_Uninsured_Rate_%281987_to_2008%29.JPG/240px-U.S._Uninsured_and_Uninsured_Rate_%281987_to_2008%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="591" data-file-height="415" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 35</span></span>The numbers of Americans lacking health insurance and the uninsured rate from 1987 to 2008 (from <b><a href="/wiki/Health_insurance" title="Health insurance">Health insurance</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Doctor_(Kusakabe_Kimbei).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 36A doctor checks a patient's pulse in Meiji-era Japan. (from History of medicine)"><img alt="Image 36A doctor checks a patient's pulse in Meiji-era Japan. (from History of medicine)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Doctor_%28Kusakabe_Kimbei%29.jpg/120px-Doctor_%28Kusakabe_Kimbei%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Doctor_%28Kusakabe_Kimbei%29.jpg/180px-Doctor_%28Kusakabe_Kimbei%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Doctor_%28Kusakabe_Kimbei%29.jpg/240px-Doctor_%28Kusakabe_Kimbei%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7120" data-file-height="5376" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 36</span></span>A doctor checks a patient's pulse in Meiji-era Japan. (from <b><a href="/wiki/History_of_medicine" title="History of medicine">History of medicine</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hospital_Gettysburg.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 37American Civil War hospital at Gettysburg, 1863 (from History of medicine)"><img alt="Image 37American Civil War hospital at Gettysburg, 1863 (from History of medicine)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Hospital_Gettysburg.png/120px-Hospital_Gettysburg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Hospital_Gettysburg.png/180px-Hospital_Gettysburg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Hospital_Gettysburg.png/240px-Hospital_Gettysburg.png 2x" data-file-width="760" data-file-height="577" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 37</span></span><a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a> hospital at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gettysburg" title="Battle of Gettysburg">Gettysburg</a>, 1863 (from <b><a href="/wiki/History_of_medicine" title="History of medicine">History of medicine</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chinese_woodcut,_Famous_medical_figures;_Zhang_Zhongjing_Wellcome_L0039319.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 38Zhang Zhongjing – a Chinese pharmacologist, physician, inventor, and writer of the Eastern Han dynasty. (from History of medicine)"><img alt="Image 38Zhang Zhongjing – a Chinese pharmacologist, physician, inventor, and writer of the Eastern Han dynasty. (from History of medicine)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Chinese_woodcut%2C_Famous_medical_figures%3B_Zhang_Zhongjing_Wellcome_L0039319.jpg/80px-Chinese_woodcut%2C_Famous_medical_figures%3B_Zhang_Zhongjing_Wellcome_L0039319.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Chinese_woodcut%2C_Famous_medical_figures%3B_Zhang_Zhongjing_Wellcome_L0039319.jpg/120px-Chinese_woodcut%2C_Famous_medical_figures%3B_Zhang_Zhongjing_Wellcome_L0039319.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Chinese_woodcut%2C_Famous_medical_figures%3B_Zhang_Zhongjing_Wellcome_L0039319.jpg/160px-Chinese_woodcut%2C_Famous_medical_figures%3B_Zhang_Zhongjing_Wellcome_L0039319.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2016" data-file-height="3024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 38</span></span><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Zhongjing" title="Zhang Zhongjing">Zhang Zhongjing</a> – a Chinese pharmacologist, physician, inventor, and writer of the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Han" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Han">Eastern Han</a> dynasty. (from <b><a href="/wiki/History_of_medicine" title="History of medicine">History of medicine</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Charit%C3%A9_vom_Futurium_aus.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 39Charite in Berlin (from History of medicine)"><img alt="Image 39Charite in Berlin (from History of medicine)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Charit%C3%A9_vom_Futurium_aus.jpg/120px-Charit%C3%A9_vom_Futurium_aus.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Charit%C3%A9_vom_Futurium_aus.jpg/180px-Charit%C3%A9_vom_Futurium_aus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Charit%C3%A9_vom_Futurium_aus.jpg/240px-Charit%C3%A9_vom_Futurium_aus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="1836" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 39</span></span><a href="/wiki/Charite" class="mw-redirect" title="Charite">Charite</a> in Berlin (from <b><a href="/wiki/History_of_medicine" title="History of medicine">History of medicine</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Health_Expenditure_per_capita_OECD_2013.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 40Health Expenditure per capita (in PPP-adjusted US$) among several OECD member nations. Data source: OECD's iLibrary (from Health insurance)"><img alt="Image 40Health Expenditure per capita (in PPP-adjusted US$) among several OECD member nations. Data source: OECD's iLibrary (from Health insurance)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Health_Expenditure_per_capita_OECD_2013.png/120px-Health_Expenditure_per_capita_OECD_2013.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Health_Expenditure_per_capita_OECD_2013.png/180px-Health_Expenditure_per_capita_OECD_2013.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Health_Expenditure_per_capita_OECD_2013.png/240px-Health_Expenditure_per_capita_OECD_2013.png 2x" data-file-width="885" data-file-height="496" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 40</span></span>Health Expenditure per capita (in <a href="/wiki/Purchasing_power_parity" title="Purchasing power parity">PPP-adjusted</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">US$</a>) among several OECD member nations. Data source: OECD's iLibrary (from <b><a href="/wiki/Health_insurance" title="Health insurance">Health insurance</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NationalNeurologyHospital.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 41National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery in London, United Kingdom is a specialist neurological hospital. (from Health care)"><img alt="Image 41National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery in London, United Kingdom is a specialist neurological hospital. (from Health care)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/NationalNeurologyHospital.jpg/120px-NationalNeurologyHospital.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/NationalNeurologyHospital.jpg/180px-NationalNeurologyHospital.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/NationalNeurologyHospital.jpg/240px-NationalNeurologyHospital.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 41</span></span><a href="/wiki/National_Hospital_for_Neurology_and_Neurosurgery" title="National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery">National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery</a> in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> is a specialist neurological hospital. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Health_care" title="Health care">Health care</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Global_physician_density_map_-_WHO_2010.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 42Global concentrations of health care resources, as depicted by the number of physicians per 10,000 individuals, by country. Data is sourced from a World Health Statistics 2010, a WHO report.[needs update] (from Health care)"><img alt="Image 42Global concentrations of health care resources, as depicted by the number of physicians per 10,000 individuals, by country. Data is sourced from a World Health Statistics 2010, a WHO report.[needs update] (from Health care)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Global_physician_density_map_-_WHO_2010.png/120px-Global_physician_density_map_-_WHO_2010.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Global_physician_density_map_-_WHO_2010.png/180px-Global_physician_density_map_-_WHO_2010.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Global_physician_density_map_-_WHO_2010.png/240px-Global_physician_density_map_-_WHO_2010.png 2x" data-file-width="940" data-file-height="470" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 42</span></span>Global concentrations of health care resources, as depicted by the number of physicians per 10,000 individuals, by country. Data is sourced from a World Health Statistics 2010, a <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">WHO</a> report.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The text near this tag is dated. (April 2022)">needs update</span></a></i>]</sup> (from <b><a href="/wiki/Health_care" title="Health care">Health care</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Asylum_patient_by_Hugh_Welch_Diamond,_c1850-58.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 43Patient, Surrey County Lunatic Asylum, c. 1850–58. The asylum population in England and Wales rose from 1,027 in 1827 to 74,004 in 1900. (from History of medicine)"><img alt="Image 43Patient, Surrey County Lunatic Asylum, c. 1850–58. The asylum population in England and Wales rose from 1,027 in 1827 to 74,004 in 1900. (from History of medicine)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Asylum_patient_by_Hugh_Welch_Diamond%2C_c1850-58.jpg/88px-Asylum_patient_by_Hugh_Welch_Diamond%2C_c1850-58.jpg" decoding="async" width="88" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Asylum_patient_by_Hugh_Welch_Diamond%2C_c1850-58.jpg/133px-Asylum_patient_by_Hugh_Welch_Diamond%2C_c1850-58.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Asylum_patient_by_Hugh_Welch_Diamond%2C_c1850-58.jpg/177px-Asylum_patient_by_Hugh_Welch_Diamond%2C_c1850-58.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1942" data-file-height="2633" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 43</span></span>Patient, <a href="/wiki/Springfield_Hospital" class="mw-redirect" title="Springfield Hospital">Surrey County Lunatic Asylum</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1850</span>–58. The asylum population in England and Wales rose from 1,027 in 1827 to 74,004 in 1900. (from <b><a href="/wiki/History_of_medicine" title="History of medicine">History of medicine</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Achillea_millefolium_5Dsr_9042.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 44Yarrow, a medicinal plant found in human-occupied caves in the Upper Palaeolithic period. (from History of medicine)"><img alt="Image 44Yarrow, a medicinal plant found in human-occupied caves in the Upper Palaeolithic period. (from History of medicine)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Achillea_millefolium_5Dsr_9042.jpg/80px-Achillea_millefolium_5Dsr_9042.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Achillea_millefolium_5Dsr_9042.jpg/120px-Achillea_millefolium_5Dsr_9042.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Achillea_millefolium_5Dsr_9042.jpg/160px-Achillea_millefolium_5Dsr_9042.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3328" data-file-height="4992" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 44</span></span><a href="/wiki/Achillea_millefolium" title="Achillea millefolium">Yarrow</a>, a medicinal plant found in human-occupied caves in the <a href="/wiki/Upper_Paleolithic" title="Upper Paleolithic">Upper Palaeolithic</a> period. (from <b><a href="/wiki/History_of_medicine" title="History of medicine">History of medicine</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Curandera_performing_a_limpieza.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 45Curandera performing a limpieza in Cuenca, Ecuador (from Traditional medicine)"><img alt="Image 45Curandera performing a limpieza in Cuenca, Ecuador (from Traditional medicine)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Curandera_performing_a_limpieza.jpg/120px-Curandera_performing_a_limpieza.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Curandera_performing_a_limpieza.jpg/180px-Curandera_performing_a_limpieza.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Curandera_performing_a_limpieza.jpg/240px-Curandera_performing_a_limpieza.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2192" data-file-height="1908" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 45</span></span><a href="/wiki/Curandera" class="mw-redirect" title="Curandera">Curandera</a> performing a <i>limpieza</i> in Cuenca, Ecuador (from <b><a href="/wiki/Traditional_medicine" title="Traditional medicine">Traditional medicine</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Reversed_tao_symbol.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 46Taoist symbol of Yin and Yang (from Medical ethics)"><img alt="Image 46Taoist symbol of Yin and Yang (from Medical ethics)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Reversed_tao_symbol.svg/120px-Reversed_tao_symbol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Reversed_tao_symbol.svg/180px-Reversed_tao_symbol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Reversed_tao_symbol.svg/240px-Reversed_tao_symbol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 46</span></span>Taoist symbol of Yin and Yang (from <b><a href="/wiki/Medical_ethics" title="Medical ethics">Medical ethics</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Medical_recipe_concerning_poisoning._Terracotta_tablet,_from_Nippur,_Iraq,_18th_century_BCE._Ancient_Orient_Museum,_Istanbul.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 47A cuneiform terracotta tablet describing a medicinal recipe for poisoning (c. 18th century BCE). Discovered in Nippur, Iraq."><img alt="A terracotta tablet describing a medicinal recipe concerning poisoning (c. 18th century BCE). Museum of the Ancient Orient, Turkey. (from History of medicine)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Medical_recipe_concerning_poisoning._Terracotta_tablet%2C_from_Nippur%2C_Iraq%2C_18th_century_BCE._Ancient_Orient_Museum%2C_Istanbul.jpg/81px-Medical_recipe_concerning_poisoning._Terracotta_tablet%2C_from_Nippur%2C_Iraq%2C_18th_century_BCE._Ancient_Orient_Museum%2C_Istanbul.jpg" decoding="async" width="81" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Medical_recipe_concerning_poisoning._Terracotta_tablet%2C_from_Nippur%2C_Iraq%2C_18th_century_BCE._Ancient_Orient_Museum%2C_Istanbul.jpg/122px-Medical_recipe_concerning_poisoning._Terracotta_tablet%2C_from_Nippur%2C_Iraq%2C_18th_century_BCE._Ancient_Orient_Museum%2C_Istanbul.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Medical_recipe_concerning_poisoning._Terracotta_tablet%2C_from_Nippur%2C_Iraq%2C_18th_century_BCE._Ancient_Orient_Museum%2C_Istanbul.jpg/162px-Medical_recipe_concerning_poisoning._Terracotta_tablet%2C_from_Nippur%2C_Iraq%2C_18th_century_BCE._Ancient_Orient_Museum%2C_Istanbul.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3379" data-file-height="4999" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 47</span></span>A <a href="/wiki/Cuneiform" title="Cuneiform">cuneiform</a> terracotta tablet describing a medicinal recipe for poisoning (c. <a href="/wiki/18th_century_BC" title="18th century BC">18th century</a> <a href="/wiki/Common_Era" title="Common Era">BCE</a>). Discovered in <a href="/wiki/Nippur" title="Nippur">Nippur</a>, Iraq.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seven_named_physicians_and_botanists_of_the_Classical_world._Wellcome_V0006669.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 48Seven named physicians and botanists of the Classical world from Vienna Dioscurides. Clockwise from top center: Galen, Dioscorides, Nicander, Rufus of Ephesus, Andreas of Carystus, Apollonius Mus or of Pergamon, Crateuas (from History of medicine)"><img alt="Image 48Seven named physicians and botanists of the Classical world from Vienna Dioscurides. Clockwise from top center: Galen, Dioscorides, Nicander, Rufus of Ephesus, Andreas of Carystus, Apollonius Mus or of Pergamon, Crateuas (from History of medicine)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Seven_named_physicians_and_botanists_of_the_Classical_world._Wellcome_V0006669.jpg/95px-Seven_named_physicians_and_botanists_of_the_Classical_world._Wellcome_V0006669.jpg" decoding="async" width="95" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Seven_named_physicians_and_botanists_of_the_Classical_world._Wellcome_V0006669.jpg/143px-Seven_named_physicians_and_botanists_of_the_Classical_world._Wellcome_V0006669.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Seven_named_physicians_and_botanists_of_the_Classical_world._Wellcome_V0006669.jpg/190px-Seven_named_physicians_and_botanists_of_the_Classical_world._Wellcome_V0006669.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2436" data-file-height="3070" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 48</span></span>Seven named physicians and botanists of the Classical world from <a href="/wiki/Vienna_Dioscurides" title="Vienna Dioscurides">Vienna Dioscurides</a>. Clockwise from top center: <a href="/wiki/Galen" title="Galen">Galen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dioscorides" class="mw-redirect" title="Dioscorides">Dioscorides</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nicander" title="Nicander">Nicander</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rufus_of_Ephesus" title="Rufus of Ephesus">Rufus of Ephesus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andreas_of_Carystus" class="mw-redirect" title="Andreas of Carystus">Andreas of Carystus</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_physicians_named_Apollonius" title="List of physicians named Apollonius">Apollonius Mus or of Pergamon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crateuas_(physician)" title="Crateuas (physician)">Crateuas</a> (from <b><a href="/wiki/History_of_medicine" title="History of medicine">History of medicine</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emil_Kraepelin_1926.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 49Emil Kraepelin (1856–1926), the founder of modern scientific psychiatry, psychopharmacology and psychiatric genetics. (from History of medicine)"><img alt="Image 49Emil Kraepelin (1856–1926), the founder of modern scientific psychiatry, psychopharmacology and psychiatric genetics. (from History of medicine)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Emil_Kraepelin_1926.jpg/81px-Emil_Kraepelin_1926.jpg" decoding="async" width="81" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Emil_Kraepelin_1926.jpg/121px-Emil_Kraepelin_1926.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Emil_Kraepelin_1926.jpg/161px-Emil_Kraepelin_1926.jpg 2x" data-file-width="837" data-file-height="1245" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 49</span></span><a href="/wiki/Emil_Kraepelin" title="Emil Kraepelin">Emil Kraepelin</a> (1856–1926), the founder of modern scientific psychiatry, psychopharmacology and psychiatric genetics. (from <b><a href="/wiki/History_of_medicine" title="History of medicine">History of medicine</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jericho_Health_Centre_20050326.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 50Primary care may be provided in community health centers. (from Health care)"><img alt="Image 50Primary care may be provided in community health centers. (from Health care)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Jericho_Health_Centre_20050326.jpg/120px-Jericho_Health_Centre_20050326.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Jericho_Health_Centre_20050326.jpg/180px-Jericho_Health_Centre_20050326.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Jericho_Health_Centre_20050326.jpg/240px-Jericho_Health_Centre_20050326.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1760" data-file-height="1168" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 50</span></span>Primary care may be provided in community health centers. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Health_care" title="Health care">Health care</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ww2-53.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 51American combat surgery during the Pacific War, 1943 (from History of medicine)"><img alt="Image 51American combat surgery during the Pacific War, 1943 (from History of medicine)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Ww2-53.jpg/120px-Ww2-53.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Ww2-53.jpg/180px-Ww2-53.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Ww2-53.jpg/240px-Ww2-53.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1349" data-file-height="1097" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 51</span></span>American combat surgery during the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_War" title="Pacific War">Pacific War</a>, 1943 (from <b><a href="/wiki/History_of_medicine" title="History of medicine">History of medicine</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Infant_with_cochlear_implant.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 52A cochlear implant is a common kind of neural prosthesis, a device replacing part of the human nervous system. (from History of medicine)"><img alt="Image 52A cochlear implant is a common kind of neural prosthesis, a device replacing part of the human nervous system. (from History of medicine)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Infant_with_cochlear_implant.jpg/120px-Infant_with_cochlear_implant.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Infant_with_cochlear_implant.jpg/180px-Infant_with_cochlear_implant.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Infant_with_cochlear_implant.jpg/240px-Infant_with_cochlear_implant.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4272" data-file-height="2848" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 52</span></span>A <a href="/wiki/Cochlear_implant" title="Cochlear implant">cochlear implant</a> is a common kind of <a href="/wiki/Neural_prosthesis" class="mw-redirect" title="Neural prosthesis">neural prosthesis</a>, a device replacing part of the <a href="/wiki/Human_nervous_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Human nervous system">human nervous system</a>. (from <b><a href="/wiki/History_of_medicine" title="History of medicine">History of medicine</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Statue_of_Robert_Koch_in_Berlin.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 53Statue of Robert Koch, father of medical bacteriology, at Robert-Koch-Platz (Robert Koch square) in Berlin (from History of medicine)"><img alt="Image 53Statue of Robert Koch, father of medical bacteriology, at Robert-Koch-Platz (Robert Koch square) in Berlin (from History of medicine)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Statue_of_Robert_Koch_in_Berlin.jpg/77px-Statue_of_Robert_Koch_in_Berlin.jpg" decoding="async" width="77" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Statue_of_Robert_Koch_in_Berlin.jpg/115px-Statue_of_Robert_Koch_in_Berlin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Statue_of_Robert_Koch_in_Berlin.jpg/153px-Statue_of_Robert_Koch_in_Berlin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1506" data-file-height="2354" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 53</span></span>Statue of <a href="/wiki/Robert_Koch" title="Robert Koch">Robert Koch</a>, father of medical bacteriology, at Robert-Koch-Platz (Robert Koch square) in Berlin (from <b><a href="/wiki/History_of_medicine" title="History of medicine">History of medicine</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:RetreatOriginalBuildingssm.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 54The Quaker-run York Retreat, founded in 1796, gained international prominence as a centre for moral treatment and a model of asylum reform following the publication of Samuel Tuke's Description of the Retreat (1813). (from History of medicine)"><img alt="Image 54The Quaker-run York Retreat, founded in 1796, gained international prominence as a centre for moral treatment and a model of asylum reform following the publication of Samuel Tuke's Description of the Retreat (1813). (from History of medicine)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/RetreatOriginalBuildingssm.jpg/120px-RetreatOriginalBuildingssm.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/RetreatOriginalBuildingssm.jpg/180px-RetreatOriginalBuildingssm.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/RetreatOriginalBuildingssm.jpg/240px-RetreatOriginalBuildingssm.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="434" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 54</span></span>The Quaker-run <a href="/wiki/The_Retreat" title="The Retreat">York Retreat</a>, founded in 1796, gained international prominence as a centre for moral treatment and a model of asylum reform following the publication of <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Tuke_(reformer)" title="Samuel Tuke (reformer)">Samuel Tuke</a>'s <i>Description of the Retreat</i> (1813). (from <b><a href="/wiki/History_of_medicine" title="History of medicine">History of medicine</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Medical_Billing_Infographic.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 55Infographic showing how healthcare data flows within the billing process (from Medical billing)"><img alt="Infographic showing how healthcare data flows within the billing process" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Medical_Billing_Infographic.jpg/120px-Medical_Billing_Infographic.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Medical_Billing_Infographic.jpg/180px-Medical_Billing_Infographic.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Medical_Billing_Infographic.jpg/240px-Medical_Billing_Infographic.jpg 2x" data-file-width="615" data-file-height="593" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 55</span></span>Infographic showing how healthcare data flows within the billing process (from <b><a href="/wiki/Medical_billing" title="Medical billing">Medical billing</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Health_spending_by_country._Percent_of_GDP_(Gross_domestic_product).png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 56Health spending by country. Percent of GDP (Gross domestic product). For example: 11.2% for Canada in 2022. 16.6% for the United States in 2022. (from Health care)"><img alt="Image 56Health spending by country. Percent of GDP (Gross domestic product). For example: 11.2% for Canada in 2022. 16.6% for the United States in 2022. (from Health care)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Health_spending_by_country._Percent_of_GDP_%28Gross_domestic_product%29.png/120px-Health_spending_by_country._Percent_of_GDP_%28Gross_domestic_product%29.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Health_spending_by_country._Percent_of_GDP_%28Gross_domestic_product%29.png/180px-Health_spending_by_country._Percent_of_GDP_%28Gross_domestic_product%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Health_spending_by_country._Percent_of_GDP_%28Gross_domestic_product%29.png/240px-Health_spending_by_country._Percent_of_GDP_%28Gross_domestic_product%29.png 2x" data-file-width="2562" data-file-height="1281" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 56</span></span><a href="/wiki/Health_spending_as_a_percent_of_GDP_by_country_(gross_domestic_product)" class="mw-redirect" title="Health spending as a percent of GDP by country (gross domestic product)">Health spending by country</a>. Percent of GDP (<a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">Gross domestic product</a>). For example: 11.2% for Canada in 2022. 16.6% for the United States in 2022. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Health_care" title="Health care">Health care</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Public_Health_Prayer_by_Dr_Edmond_Fernandes.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 57Ethical prayer for medical wisdom by Dr Edmond Fernandes (from Medical ethics)"><img alt="Image 57Ethical prayer for medical wisdom by Dr Edmond Fernandes (from Medical ethics)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Public_Health_Prayer_by_Dr_Edmond_Fernandes.jpg/85px-Public_Health_Prayer_by_Dr_Edmond_Fernandes.jpg" decoding="async" width="85" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Public_Health_Prayer_by_Dr_Edmond_Fernandes.jpg/127px-Public_Health_Prayer_by_Dr_Edmond_Fernandes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Public_Health_Prayer_by_Dr_Edmond_Fernandes.jpg/170px-Public_Health_Prayer_by_Dr_Edmond_Fernandes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1414" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 57</span></span>Ethical prayer for medical wisdom by Dr Edmond Fernandes (from <b><a href="/wiki/Medical_ethics" title="Medical ethics">Medical ethics</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gupima_Covid-19_mu_Rwanda.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 58COVID-19 swab testing in Rwanda (2021). (from History of medicine)"><img alt="Image 58COVID-19 swab testing in Rwanda (2021). (from History of medicine)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Gupima_Covid-19_mu_Rwanda.jpg/120px-Gupima_Covid-19_mu_Rwanda.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Gupima_Covid-19_mu_Rwanda.jpg/180px-Gupima_Covid-19_mu_Rwanda.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Gupima_Covid-19_mu_Rwanda.jpg/240px-Gupima_Covid-19_mu_Rwanda.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1045" data-file-height="842" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 58</span></span>COVID-19 swab testing in Rwanda (2021). (from <b><a href="/wiki/History_of_medicine" title="History of medicine">History of medicine</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:AMA_Code_of_Medical_Ethics.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 59AMA Code of Medical Ethics (from Medical ethics)"><img alt="Image 59AMA Code of Medical Ethics (from Medical ethics)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/AMA_Code_of_Medical_Ethics.png/78px-AMA_Code_of_Medical_Ethics.png" decoding="async" width="78" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/AMA_Code_of_Medical_Ethics.png/117px-AMA_Code_of_Medical_Ethics.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e4/AMA_Code_of_Medical_Ethics.png 2x" data-file-width="135" data-file-height="207" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 59</span></span>AMA Code of Medical Ethics (from <b><a href="/wiki/Medical_ethics" title="Medical ethics">Medical ethics</a></b>)</div> </li> </ul></div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div></div></div> <div style="clear:both; width:100%"> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:white;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid #3673c5;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#3673c5;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:1px 1px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><h2 id="More_Did_you_know_(auto_generated)" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:white;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em"><span id="More_Did_you_know_.28auto_generated.29"></span>More Did you know <small>(auto generated)</small></h2></div><div style="color:black;opacity:1;border:1px solid #3673c5;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#ffffff;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_filetypes.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Nuvola_apps_filetypes.svg/47px-Nuvola_apps_filetypes.svg.png" decoding="async" width="47" height="47" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Nuvola_apps_filetypes.svg/71px-Nuvola_apps_filetypes.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Nuvola_apps_filetypes.svg/94px-Nuvola_apps_filetypes.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <ul><li>... that a lack of <a href="/wiki/Screening_(medicine)" title="Screening (medicine)">screening</a> for pregnant women with <b><a href="/wiki/Syphilis_in_sub-Saharan_Africa" title="Syphilis in sub-Saharan Africa">syphilis in sub-Saharan Africa</a></b> is associated with increased infant mortality?</li> <li>... that the Anglo-Saxons may have used <b><a href="/wiki/Bald%27s_eyesalve" title="Bald's eyesalve">a mixture of garlic, another <i>Allium</i>, wine, and bovine bile</a></b> as an eye medicine?</li> <li>... that <b><a href="/wiki/Margaret_C._Roberts" title="Margaret C. Roberts">Margaret C. Roberts</a></b> was encouraged to study medicine by <a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints">LDS Church</a> leader <a href="/wiki/Brigham_Young" title="Brigham Young">Brigham Young</a> to reduce mortality rates during childbirth?</li> <li>... that <b><a href="/wiki/Constance_Fozzard" title="Constance Fozzard">Constance Fozzard</a></b> was told during her surgical training that women with children could not become <a href="/wiki/Consultant_(medicine)" title="Consultant (medicine)">consultants</a>?</li> <li>... that fourteenth-century Buddhist monk <b><a href="/wiki/Tu%E1%BB%87_T%C4%A9nh" title="Tuệ Tĩnh">Tuệ Tĩnh</a></b> is referred to as a founding father of <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Vietnamese_medicine" title="Traditional Vietnamese medicine">traditional Vietnamese medicine</a>?</li> <li>... that <b><a href="/wiki/Tang_Zonghai" title="Tang Zonghai">Tang Zonghai</a></b> was one of the first advocates for the integration of Chinese and Western medicine?</li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:white;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid #3673c5;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#3673c5;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:1px 1px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><h2 id="Topics" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:white;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em">Topics</h2></div><div style="color:black;opacity:1;border:1px solid #3673c5;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#ffffff;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049300">.mw-parser-output .PlainNavboxes .navbox,.mw-parser-output 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a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Medicine" title="Template:Medicine"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Medicine" title="Template talk:Medicine"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Medicine" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Medicine"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Medicine" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Medicine" title="Medicine">Medicine</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Medical_specialty" title="Medical specialty">Specialties</a><br />and<br /><a href="/wiki/Subspecialty" title="Subspecialty">subspecialties</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Surgery" title="Surgery">Surgery</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cardiac_surgery" title="Cardiac surgery">Cardiac surgery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardiothoracic_surgery" title="Cardiothoracic surgery">Cardiothoracic surgery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endocrine_surgery" title="Endocrine surgery">Endocrine surgery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eye_surgery" title="Eye surgery">Eye surgery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_surgery" title="General surgery">General surgery</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colorectal_surgery" title="Colorectal surgery">Colorectal surgery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digestive_system_surgery" title="Digestive system surgery">Digestive system surgery</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neurosurgery" title="Neurosurgery">Neurosurgery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oral_and_maxillofacial_surgery" title="Oral and maxillofacial surgery">Oral and maxillofacial surgery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthopedic_surgery" title="Orthopedic surgery">Orthopedic surgery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hand_surgery" title="Hand surgery">Hand surgery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otorhinolaryngology" title="Otorhinolaryngology">Otolaryngology</a> <ul><li><small>ENT</small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pediatric_surgery" title="Pediatric surgery">Pediatric surgery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastic_surgery" title="Plastic surgery">Plastic surgery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reproductive_surgery" title="Reproductive surgery">Reproductive surgery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surgical_oncology" title="Surgical oncology">Surgical oncology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organ_transplantation" title="Organ transplantation">Transplant surgery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trauma_surgery" title="Trauma surgery">Trauma surgery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urology" title="Urology">Urology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrology" title="Andrology">Andrology</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vascular_surgery" title="Vascular surgery">Vascular surgery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Internal_medicine" title="Internal medicine">Internal<br />medicine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allergy" title="Allergy">Allergy</a> / <a href="/wiki/Immunology" title="Immunology">Immunology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angiology" title="Angiology">Angiology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardiology" title="Cardiology">Cardiology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endocrinology" title="Endocrinology">Endocrinology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gastroenterology" title="Gastroenterology">Gastroenterology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hepatology" title="Hepatology">Hepatology</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geriatrics" title="Geriatrics">Geriatrics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hematology" title="Hematology">Hematology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hospital_medicine" title="Hospital medicine">Hospital medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infectious_diseases_(medical_specialty)" title="Infectious diseases (medical specialty)">Infectious diseases</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nephrology" title="Nephrology">Nephrology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oncology" title="Oncology">Oncology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulmonology" title="Pulmonology">Pulmonology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rheumatology" title="Rheumatology">Rheumatology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Obstetrics_and_gynaecology" title="Obstetrics and gynaecology">Obstetrics and<br />gynaecology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gynaecology" title="Gynaecology">Gynaecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gynecologic_oncology" title="Gynecologic oncology">Gynecologic oncology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maternal%E2%80%93fetal_medicine" title="Maternal–fetal medicine">Maternal–fetal medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obstetrics" title="Obstetrics">Obstetrics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reproductive_endocrinology_and_infertility" title="Reproductive endocrinology and infertility">Reproductive endocrinology and infertility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urogynecology" title="Urogynecology">Urogynecology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Medical_diagnosis" title="Medical diagnosis">Diagnostic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radiology" title="Radiology">Radiology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interventional_radiology" title="Interventional radiology">Interventional radiology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuroradiology" title="Neuroradiology">Neuroradiology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_medicine" title="Nuclear medicine">Nuclear medicine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pathology" title="Pathology">Pathology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anatomical_pathology" title="Anatomical pathology">Anatomical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinical_pathology" title="Clinical pathology">Clinical pathology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinical_chemistry" title="Clinical chemistry">Clinical chemistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cytopathology" title="Cytopathology">Cytopathology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_microbiology" title="Medical microbiology">Medical microbiology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transfusion_medicine" title="Transfusion medicine">Transfusion medicine</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Addiction_medicine" title="Addiction medicine">Addiction medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolescent_medicine" title="Adolescent medicine">Adolescent medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anesthesiology" title="Anesthesiology">Anesthesiology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Obstetric_anesthesiology" title="Obstetric anesthesiology">Obstetric anesthesiology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neurosurgical_anesthesia" title="Neurosurgical anesthesia">Neurosurgical anesthesiology</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aviation_medicine" title="Aviation medicine">Aviation medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dermatology" title="Dermatology">Dermatology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disaster_medicine" title="Disaster medicine">Disaster medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diving_medicine" title="Diving medicine">Diving medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emergency_medicine" title="Emergency medicine">Emergency medicine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mass_gathering_medicine" title="Mass gathering medicine">Mass gathering medicine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_medicine" title="Evolutionary medicine">Evolutionary medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_medicine" title="Family medicine">Family medicine</a> / <a href="/wiki/General_practice" title="General practice">General practice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hospital_medicine" title="Hospital medicine">Hospital medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intensive_care_medicine" title="Intensive care medicine">Intensive care medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_genetics" title="Medical genetics">Medical genetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narcology" title="Narcology">Narcology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neurology" title="Neurology">Neurology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clinical_neurophysiology" title="Clinical neurophysiology">Clinical neurophysiology</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_medicine" title="Occupational medicine">Occupational medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ophthalmology" title="Ophthalmology">Ophthalmology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oral_medicine" title="Oral medicine">Oral medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pain_management" title="Pain management">Pain management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palliative_care" title="Palliative care">Palliative care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pediatrics" title="Pediatrics">Pediatrics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neonatology" title="Neonatology">Neonatology</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phlebologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Phlebologist">Phlebology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physical_medicine_and_rehabilitation" title="Physical medicine and rehabilitation">Physical medicine and rehabilitation</a> (PM&R)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preventive_healthcare" title="Preventive healthcare">Preventive medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prison_healthcare" title="Prison healthcare">Prison healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychiatry" title="Psychiatry">Psychiatry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Addiction_psychiatry" title="Addiction psychiatry">Addiction psychiatry</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiation_therapy" title="Radiation therapy">Radiation oncology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reproductive_medicine" title="Reproductive medicine">Reproductive medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_medicine" title="Sexual medicine">Sexual medicine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Venereology" title="Venereology">Venereology</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sleep_medicine" title="Sleep medicine">Sleep medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_medicine" title="Sports medicine">Sports medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organ_transplantation" title="Organ transplantation">Transplantation medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropical_medicine" title="Tropical medicine">Tropical medicine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Travel_medicine" title="Travel medicine">Travel medicine</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Medical_education" title="Medical education">Medical<br />education</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Medical_school" title="Medical school">Medical school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Medicine,_Bachelor_of_Surgery" title="Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery">Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Medical_Sciences" title="Bachelor of Medical Sciences">Bachelor of Medical Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_of_Medicine" title="Master of Medicine">Master of Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_of_Surgery" title="Master of Surgery">Master of Surgery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Medicine" title="Doctor of Medicine">Doctor of Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Osteopathic_Medicine" title="Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine">Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MD%E2%80%93PhD" title="MD–PhD">MD–PhD</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Medical_Scientist_Training_Program" title="Medical Scientist Training Program">Medical Scientist Training Program</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_medicine" title="Alternative medicine">Alternative medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allied_health_professions" title="Allied health professions">Allied health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molecular_oncology" title="Molecular oncology">Molecular oncology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanomedicine" title="Nanomedicine">Nanomedicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personalized_medicine" title="Personalized medicine">Personalized medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_health" title="Public health">Public health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rural_health" title="Rural health">Rural health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Therapy" title="Therapy">Therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_medicine" title="Traditional medicine">Traditional medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veterinary_medicine" title="Veterinary medicine">Veterinary medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physician" title="Physician">Physician</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_physician" title="Chief physician">Chief physician</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_medicine" title="History of medicine">History of medicine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Medicine" title="Category:Medicine">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Medicine" class="extiw" title="commons:Medicine">Commons</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="WikiProject"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/16px-People_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/24px-People_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/32px-People_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Medicine" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Medicine">Wikiproject</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Portal</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Outline"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/10px-Global_thinking.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/15px-Global_thinking.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/21px-Global_thinking.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="200" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_medicine" title="Outline of medicine">Outline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> </div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" 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See <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:RECOG" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:RECOG">WP:RECOG</a> for configuration options.</td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Featured_articles">Featured articles</h3></div> <div style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amphetamine" title="Amphetamine">Amphetamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-tobacco_movement_in_Nazi_Germany" title="Anti-tobacco movement in Nazi Germany">Anti-tobacco movement in Nazi Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bacteria" title="Bacteria">Bacteria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golding_Bird" title="Golding Bird">Golding Bird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1858_Bradford_sweets_poisoning" title="1858 Bradford sweets poisoning">1858 Bradford sweets poisoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bupropion" title="Bupropion">Bupropion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buruli_ulcer" title="Buruli ulcer">Buruli ulcer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chagas_disease" title="Chagas disease">Chagas disease</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cholangiocarcinoma" title="Cholangiocarcinoma">Cholangiocarcinoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coeliac_disease" title="Coeliac disease">Coeliac disease</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Complete_blood_count" title="Complete blood count">Complete blood count</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark_Archives" title="Dark Archives">Dark Archives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dementia_with_Lewy_bodies" title="Dementia with Lewy bodies">Dementia with Lewy bodies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dengue_fever" title="Dengue fever">Dengue fever</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diffuse_panbronchiolitis" title="Diffuse panbronchiolitis">Diffuse panbronchiolitis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rupert_Downes" title="Rupert Downes">Rupert Downes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dracunculiasis" title="Dracunculiasis">Dracunculiasis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endometrial_cancer" title="Endometrial cancer">Endometrial cancer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Everywhere_at_the_End_of_Time" title="Everywhere at the End of Time">Everywhere at the End of Time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Hamilton_Fairley" title="Neil Hamilton Fairley">Neil Hamilton Fairley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_Farquharson" title="Ray Farquharson">Ray Farquharson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Female_genital_mutilation" title="Female genital mutilation">Female genital mutilation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Florey" title="Howard Florey">Howard Florey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genetics" title="Genetics">Genetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debora_Green" title="Debora Green">Debora Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helicobacter_pylori" title="Helicobacter pylori">Helicobacter pylori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hepatorenal_syndrome" title="Hepatorenal syndrome">Hepatorenal syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Wendell_Holmes_Sr." title="Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr.">Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%92-Hydroxy_%CE%B2-methylbutyric_acid" title="Β-Hydroxy β-methylbutyric acid">Β-Hydroxy β-methylbutyric acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Influenza" title="Influenza">Influenza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketogenic_diet" title="Ketogenic diet">Ketogenic diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leech" title="Leech">Leech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linezolid" title="Linezolid">Linezolid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lung_cancer" title="Lung cancer">Lung cancer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_depressive_disorder" title="Major depressive disorder">Major depressive disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Gertrude_McGill" title="Frances Gertrude McGill">Frances Gertrude McGill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meningitis" title="Meningitis">Meningitis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menstrual_cycle" title="Menstrual cycle">Menstrual cycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myalgic_encephalomyelitis/chronic_fatigue_syndrome" title="Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome">Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1966_New_York_City_smog" title="1966 New York City smog">1966 New York City smog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osteochondritis_dissecans" title="Osteochondritis dissecans">Osteochondritis dissecans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxygen_toxicity" title="Oxygen toxicity">Oxygen toxicity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pancreatic_cancer" title="Pancreatic cancer">Pancreatic cancer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostate_cancer" title="Prostate cancer">Prostate cancer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulmonary_contusion" title="Pulmonary contusion">Pulmonary contusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Race_Against_Time_(Lewis_book)" title="Race Against Time (Lewis book)">Race Against Time (Lewis book)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_Rajneeshee_bioterror_attack" title="1984 Rajneeshee bioterror attack">1984 Rajneeshee bioterror attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhabdomyolysis" title="Rhabdomyolysis">Rhabdomyolysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Rolph" title="John Rolph">John Rolph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotavirus" title="Rotavirus">Rotavirus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_S._Sadler" title="William S. Sadler">William S. Sadler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schizophrenia" title="Schizophrenia">Schizophrenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serpin" title="Serpin">Serpin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_history_of_viruses" title="Social history of viruses">Social history of viruses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subarachnoid_hemorrhage" title="Subarachnoid hemorrhage">Subarachnoid hemorrhage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taare_Zameen_Par" title="Taare Zameen Par">Taare Zameen Par</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Nobuo_Tatsuguchi" title="Paul Nobuo Tatsuguchi">Paul Nobuo Tatsuguchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thyrotoxic_periodic_paralysis" title="Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis">Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourette_syndrome" title="Tourette syndrome">Tourette syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virus" title="Virus">Virus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Introduction_to_viruses" title="Introduction to viruses">Introduction to viruses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_fluoridation" title="Water fluoridation">Water fluoridation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryan_White" title="Ryan White">Ryan White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xenon" title="Xenon">Xenon</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Good_articles">Good articles</h3></div> <div style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/17q12_microdeletion_syndrome" title="17q12 microdeletion syndrome">17q12 microdeletion syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/21-Hydroxylase" title="21-Hydroxylase">21-Hydroxylase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Bernard_Matthews_H5N1_outbreak" title="2007 Bernard Matthews H5N1 outbreak">2007 Bernard Matthews H5N1 outbreak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_swine_flu_pandemic" title="2009 swine flu pandemic">2009 swine flu pandemic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ALS" title="ALS">ALS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odette_Abadi" title="Odette Abadi">Odette Abadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdominal_angina" title="Abdominal angina">Abdominal angina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion%E2%80%93breast_cancer_hypothesis" title="Abortion–breast cancer hypothesis">Abortion–breast cancer hypothesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Sierra_Leone" title="Abortion in Sierra Leone">Abortion in Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Liberia" title="Abortion in Liberia">Abortion in Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acne" title="Acne">Acne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adderall" title="Adderall">Adderall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adrenal_crisis" title="Adrenal crisis">Adrenal crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agent_Orange" title="Agent Orange">Agent Orange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Albala" title="David Albala">David Albala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_and_Native_Americans" title="Alcohol and Native Americans">Alcohol and Native Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcoholism" title="Alcoholism">Alcoholism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beulah_Ream_Allen" title="Beulah Ream Allen">Beulah Ream Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alprazolam" title="Alprazolam">Alprazolam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Amdur" title="Mary Amdur">Mary Amdur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Ames" title="Frances Ames">Frances Ames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anaphylaxis" title="Anaphylaxis">Anaphylaxis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatomy" title="Anatomy">Anatomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andersen%E2%80%93Tawil_syndrome" title="Andersen–Tawil syndrome">Andersen–Tawil syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Androgen_backdoor_pathway" title="Androgen backdoor pathway">Androgen backdoor pathway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_testing" title="Animal testing">Animal testing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antibiotic_sensitivity_testing" title="Antibiotic sensitivity testing">Antibiotic sensitivity testing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aphthous_stomatitis" title="Aphthous stomatitis">Aphthous stomatitis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidad_Arroyo" title="Trinidad Arroyo">Trinidad Arroyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ascending_cholangitis" title="Ascending cholangitis">Ascending cholangitis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aspirin" title="Aspirin">Aspirin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asthma" title="Asthma">Asthma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attention_deficit_hyperactivity_disorder" title="Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder">Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BGR-34" title="BGR-34">BGR-34</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_B%C3%A5genholm" title="Anna Bågenholm">Anna Bågenholm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahrain_health_worker_trials" title="Bahrain health worker trials">Bahrain health worker trials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basic_Medicine" title="Basic Medicine">Basic Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beck_Depression_Inventory" title="Beck Depression Inventory">Beck Depression Inventory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beck%E2%80%93Fahrner_syndrome" title="Beck–Fahrner syndrome">Beck–Fahrner syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Behavioural_genetics" title="Behavioural genetics">Behavioural genetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benzodiazepine" title="Benzodiazepine">Benzodiazepine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biological_determinism" title="Biological determinism">Biological determinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biotin" title="Biotin">Biotin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birt%E2%80%93Hogg%E2%80%93Dub%C3%A9_syndrome" title="Birt–Hogg–Dubé syndrome">Birt–Hogg–Dubé syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birth_control" title="Birth control">Birth control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ann_Bishop_(biologist)" title="Ann Bishop (biologist)">Ann Bishop (biologist)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bisphenol_A" title="Bisphenol A">Bisphenol A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_culture" title="Blood culture">Blood culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Body_image_disturbance" title="Body image disturbance">Body image disturbance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boroline" title="Boroline">Boroline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_Society_for_Medical_Improvement" title="Boston Society for Medical Improvement">Boston Society for Medical Improvement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/In%C3%A8s_de_Bourgoing" title="Inès de Bourgoing">Inès de Bourgoing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brachytherapy" title="Brachytherapy">Brachytherapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Briarcliff_Manor_Fire_Department" title="Briarcliff Manor Fire Department">Briarcliff Manor Fire Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Bronston" title="William Bronston">William Bronston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brugada_syndrome" title="Brugada syndrome">Brugada syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bugchasing" title="Bugchasing">Bugchasing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burn" title="Burn">Burn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvia_Mathews_Burwell" title="Sylvia Mathews Burwell">Sylvia Mathews Burwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Heath_Byford" title="William Heath Byford">William Heath Byford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CDK13-related_disorder" title="CDK13-related disorder">CDK13-related disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadet_Nurse_Corps" title="Cadet Nurse Corps">Cadet Nurse Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calcium" title="Calcium">Calcium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_W._Caldwell" title="Eugene W. Caldwell">Eugene W. Caldwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cancer_pain" title="Cancer pain">Cancer pain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Hughes_Cannon" title="Martha Hughes Cannon">Martha Hughes Cannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captain_Novolin" title="Captain Novolin">Captain Novolin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_monoxide_poisoning" title="Carbon monoxide poisoning">Carbon monoxide poisoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nessa_Carey" title="Nessa Carey">Nessa Carey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Casson" title="Elizabeth Casson">Elizabeth Casson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cataract_surgery" title="Cataract surgery">Cataract surgery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catecholaminergic_polymorphic_ventricular_tachycardia" title="Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia">Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cedillo_v._Secretary_of_Health_and_Human_Services" title="Cedillo v. Secretary of Health and Human Services">Cedillo v. Secretary of Health and Human Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cerebral_venous_sinus_thrombosis" title="Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis">Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chronic_obstructive_pulmonary_disease" title="Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease">Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chylothorax" title="Chylothorax">Chylothorax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eilish_Cleary" title="Eilish Cleary">Eilish Cleary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clindamycin" title="Clindamycin">Clindamycin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coalition_for_Epidemic_Preparedness_Innovations" title="Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations">Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coffin_birth" title="Coffin birth">Coffin birth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collaborative_practice_agreement" title="Collaborative practice agreement">Collaborative practice agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucinda_L._Combs" title="Lucinda L. Combs">Lucinda L. Combs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_cold" title="Common cold">Common cold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Compatibility_Gene" title="The Compatibility Gene">The Compatibility Gene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CT_scan" title="CT scan">CT scan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concussion" title="Concussion">Concussion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consciousness" title="Consciousness">Consciousness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aniru_Conteh" title="Aniru Conteh">Aniru Conteh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronary_artery_bypass_surgery" title="Coronary artery bypass surgery">Coronary artery bypass surgery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corrupted_Blood_incident" title="Corrupted Blood incident">Corrupted Blood incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Coutard" title="Henri Coutard">Henri Coutard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crohn%27s_disease" title="Crohn's disease">Crohn's disease</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croup" title="Croup">Croup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebecca_Lee_Crumpler" title="Rebecca Lee Crumpler">Rebecca Lee Crumpler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Curie" title="Marie Curie">Marie Curie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Sickles%27s_leg" title="Daniel Sickles's leg">Daniel Sickles's leg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_materia_medica" title="De materia medica">De materia medica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_DeLee" title="Joseph DeLee">Joseph DeLee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decompression_sickness" title="Decompression sickness">Decompression sickness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_vein_thrombosis" title="Deep vein thrombosis">Deep vein thrombosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dental_implant" title="Dental implant">Dental implant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desquamative_interstitial_pneumonia" title="Desquamative interstitial pneumonia">Desquamative interstitial pneumonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_2_diabetes" title="Type 2 diabetes">Type 2 diabetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diabetic_ketoacidosis" title="Diabetic ketoacidosis">Diabetic ketoacidosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diaphragmatic_rupture" title="Diaphragmatic rupture">Diaphragmatic rupture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disease_X" title="Disease X">Disease X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Joseph_D%C3%B6mling" title="Johann Joseph Dömling">Johann Joseph Dömling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dopamine" title="Dopamine">Dopamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Down_syndrome" title="Down syndrome">Down syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doxorubicin" title="Doxorubicin">Doxorubicin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dyslexia" title="Dyslexia">Dyslexia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Effects_of_climate_change" title="Effects of climate change">Effects of climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egg_allergy" title="Egg allergy">Egg allergy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electric_bath_(electrotherapy)" title="Electric bath (electrotherapy)">Electric bath (electrotherapy)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endell_Street_Military_Hospital" title="Endell Street Military Hospital">Endell Street Military Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epidural_administration" title="Epidural administration">Epidural administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epilepsy" title="Epilepsy">Epilepsy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethylene_glycol_poisoning" title="Ethylene glycol poisoning">Ethylene glycol poisoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Familial_hypercholesterolemia" title="Familial hypercholesterolemia">Familial hypercholesterolemia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_Teresa_Ferrari" title="María Teresa Ferrari">María Teresa Ferrari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fibrothorax" title="Fibrothorax">Fibrothorax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Fischbach" title="Gerald Fischbach">Gerald Fischbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_allergy" title="Fish allergy">Fish allergy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flea" title="Flea">Flea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folate" title="Folate">Folate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_Ewan_Forbes,_11th_Baronet" title="Sir Ewan Forbes, 11th Baronet">Sir Ewan Forbes, 11th Baronet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Ford_(physician)" title="Edward Ford (physician)">Edward Ford (physician)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedreich%27s_ataxia" title="Friedreich's ataxia">Friedreich's ataxia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gastroenteritis" title="Gastroenteritis">Gastroenteritis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atul_Gawande" title="Atul Gawande">Atul Gawande</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vera_Gedroits" title="Vera Gedroits">Vera Gedroits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genes,_Brain_and_Behavior" title="Genes, Brain and Behavior">Genes, Brain and Behavior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genome-wide_association_study" title="Genome-wide association study">Genome-wide association study</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Gordon_(prison_inspector)" title="Mary Gordon (prison inspector)">Mary Gordon (prison inspector)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irving_Gottesman" title="Irving Gottesman">Irving Gottesman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gout" title="Gout">Gout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Plague_of_London" title="Great Plague of London">Great Plague of London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guillain%E2%80%93Barr%C3%A9_syndrome" title="Guillain–Barré syndrome">Guillain–Barré syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_Malawi" title="HIV/AIDS in Malawi">HIV/AIDS in Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanhart_syndrome" title="Hanhart syndrome">Hanhart syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hedonic_hunger" title="Hedonic hunger">Hedonic hunger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemorrhoid" title="Hemorrhoid">Hemorrhoid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemothorax" title="Hemothorax">Hemothorax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henoch%E2%80%93Sch%C3%B6nlein_purpura" title="Henoch–Schönlein purpura">Henoch–Schönlein purpura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heparin-induced_thrombocytopenia" title="Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia">Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hepatic_encephalopathy" title="Hepatic encephalopathy">Hepatic encephalopathy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hepatic_hydrothorax" title="Hepatic hydrothorax">Hepatic hydrothorax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hepatitis_B" title="Hepatitis B">Hepatitis B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hepatitis_C" title="Hepatitis C">Hepatitis C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hepatitis_E" title="Hepatitis E">Hepatitis E</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Foster_Herben" title="George Foster Herben">George Foster Herben</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hereditary_coproporphyria" title="Hereditary coproporphyria">Hereditary coproporphyria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hereditary_hemorrhagic_telangiectasia" title="Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia">Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermaphrodite_(Nadar)" title="Hermaphrodite (Nadar)">Hermaphrodite (Nadar)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herpes" title="Herpes">Herpes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Herring" title="Mary Herring">Mary Herring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hinde" title="Thomas Hinde">Thomas Hinde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Histamine_N-methyltransferase" title="Histamine N-methyltransferase">Histamine N-methyltransferase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_malaria" title="History of malaria">History of malaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_aspirin" title="History of aspirin">History of aspirin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS" title="HIV/AIDS">HIV/AIDS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV" title="HIV">HIV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hospice_care_in_the_United_States" title="Hospice care in the United States">Hospice care in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heart" title="Heart">Heart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypericum_perforatum" title="Hypericum perforatum">Hypericum perforatum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypertension" title="Hypertension">Hypertension</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypopituitarism" title="Hypopituitarism">Hypopituitarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypothyroidism" title="Hypothyroidism">Hypothyroidism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idiopathic_intracranial_hypertension" title="Idiopathic intracranial hypertension">Idiopathic intracranial hypertension</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impacted_wisdom_teeth" title="Impacted wisdom teeth">Impacted wisdom teeth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imprinted_brain_hypothesis" title="Imprinted brain hypothesis">Imprinted brain hypothesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Injector_pen" title="Injector pen">Injector pen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_emergency_medicine" title="International emergency medicine">International emergency medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interventricular_foramina_(neuroanatomy)" title="Interventricular foramina (neuroanatomy)">Interventricular foramina (neuroanatomy)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intramuscular_injection" title="Intramuscular injection">Intramuscular injection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intravenous_therapy" title="Intravenous therapy">Intravenous therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iodine" title="Iodine">Iodine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971_Iraq_poison_grain_disaster" title="1971 Iraq poison grain disaster">1971 Iraq poison grain disaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aletta_Jacobs" title="Aletta Jacobs">Aletta Jacobs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophie_Jamal" title="Sophie Jamal">Sophie Jamal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evan_O%27Neill_Kane" title="Evan O'Neill Kane">Evan O'Neill Kane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mihran_Kassabian" title="Mihran Kassabian">Mihran Kassabian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Oldham_Kelsey" title="Frances Oldham Kelsey">Frances Oldham Kelsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kew_Asylum" title="Kew Asylum">Kew Asylum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kidney_stone_disease" title="Kidney stone disease">Kidney stone disease</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constance_Kies" title="Constance Kies">Constance Kies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kivu_Ebola_epidemic" title="Kivu Ebola epidemic">Kivu Ebola epidemic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kusumoto_Ine" title="Kusumoto Ine">Kusumoto Ine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henrietta_Lacks" title="Henrietta Lacks">Henrietta Lacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lafargue_Clinic" title="Lafargue Clinic">Lafargue Clinic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lambert%E2%80%93Eaton_myasthenic_syndrome" title="Lambert–Eaton myasthenic syndrome">Lambert–Eaton myasthenic syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Langmuir" title="Alexander Langmuir">Alexander Langmuir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Late_onset_congenital_adrenal_hyperplasia" title="Late onset congenital adrenal hyperplasia">Late onset congenital adrenal hyperplasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linda_Laubenstein" title="Linda Laubenstein">Linda Laubenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lead_poisoning" title="Lead poisoning">Lead poisoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Leimena" title="Johannes Leimena">Johannes Leimena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Lester_Leonard" title="Charles Lester Leonard">Charles Lester Leonard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leptospirosis" title="Leptospirosis">Leptospirosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klas_August_Linderfelt" title="Klas August Linderfelt">Klas August Linderfelt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_COVID" title="Long COVID">Long COVID</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roderigo_Lopes" title="Roderigo Lopes">Roderigo Lopes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low_back_pain" title="Low back pain">Low back pain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lujan%E2%80%93Fryns_syndrome" title="Lujan–Fryns syndrome">Lujan–Fryns syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarence_Lushbaugh" title="Clarence Lushbaugh">Clarence Lushbaugh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnetic_resonance_imaging" title="Magnetic resonance imaging">Magnetic resonance imaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaria" title="Malaria">Malaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malpuech_facial_clefting_syndrome" title="Malpuech facial clefting syndrome">Malpuech facial clefting syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayo_Foundation_for_Medical_Education_%26_Research_v._United_States" title="Mayo Foundation for Medical Education & Research v. United States">Mayo Foundation for Medical Education & Research v. United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Mayo" title="Helen Mayo">Helen Mayo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_McConnell-Mills" title="Frances McConnell-Mills">Frances McConnell-Mills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enriqueta_Medell%C3%ADn" title="Enriqueta Medellín">Enriqueta Medellín</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medicinal_plants" title="Medicinal plants">Medicinal plants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melioidosis" title="Melioidosis">Melioidosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Merrick" title="Joseph Merrick">Joseph Merrick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metabolic_dysfunction%E2%80%93associated_steatotic_liver_disease" title="Metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease">Metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metal_corset" title="Metal corset">Metal corset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metformin" title="Metformin">Metformin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meth_mouth" title="Meth mouth">Meth mouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methamphetamine" title="Methamphetamine">Methamphetamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methoxyflurane" title="Methoxyflurane">Methoxyflurane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abe_Mickal" title="Abe Mickal">Abe Mickal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microorganism" title="Microorganism">Microorganism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midazolam" title="Midazolam">Midazolam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Migraine" title="Migraine">Migraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milk_allergy" title="Milk allergy">Milk allergy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molecular_diagnostics" title="Molecular diagnostics">Molecular diagnostics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosalie_Slaughter_Morton" title="Rosalie Slaughter Morton">Rosalie Slaughter Morton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mu_wave" title="Mu wave">Mu wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Benjamin_Murphy" title="John Benjamin Murphy">John Benjamin Murphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myocardial_infarction" title="Myocardial infarction">Myocardial infarction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasodigitoacoustic_syndrome" title="Nasodigitoacoustic syndrome">Nasodigitoacoustic syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Public_Health_Laboratory_(Sudan)" title="National Public Health Laboratory (Sudan)">National Public Health Laboratory (Sudan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Negus" title="Victor Negus">Victor Negus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Neill" title="Catherine Neill">Catherine Neill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuroacanthocytosis" title="Neuroacanthocytosis">Neuroacanthocytosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuroblastoma" title="Neuroblastoma">Neuroblastoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neurocysticercosis" title="Neurocysticercosis">Neurocysticercosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Rescue_Workers_Detoxification_Project" title="New York Rescue Workers Detoxification Project">New York Rescue Workers Detoxification Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niacin" title="Niacin">Niacin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitrogen_narcosis" title="Nitrogen narcosis">Nitrogen narcosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nomenclature_of_monoclonal_antibodies" title="Nomenclature of monoclonal antibodies">Nomenclature of monoclonal antibodies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noonan_syndrome_with_multiple_lentigines" title="Noonan syndrome with multiple lentigines">Noonan syndrome with multiple lentigines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norepinephrine" title="Norepinephrine">Norepinephrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obesity" title="Obesity">Obesity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obesity_hypoventilation_syndrome" title="Obesity hypoventilation syndrome">Obesity hypoventilation syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oladipo_Ogunlesi" title="Oladipo Ogunlesi">Oladipo Ogunlesi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osteitis_fibrosa_cystica" title="Osteitis fibrosa cystica">Osteitis fibrosa cystica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osteogenesis_imperfecta" title="Osteogenesis imperfecta">Osteogenesis imperfecta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ovulatory_shift_hypothesis" title="Ovulatory shift hypothesis">Ovulatory shift hypothesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pantothenic_acid" title="Pantothenic acid">Pantothenic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paracetamol_poisoning" title="Paracetamol poisoning">Paracetamol poisoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parasitism" title="Parasitism">Parasitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rand_Paul" title="Rand Paul">Rand Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelvic_inflammatory_disease" title="Pelvic inflammatory disease">Pelvic inflammatory disease</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Bingham_Penrose" title="Charles Bingham Penrose">Charles Bingham Penrose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentasomy_X" title="Pentasomy X">Pentasomy X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecutory_delusion" title="Persecutory delusion">Persecutory delusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pituitary_apoplexy" title="Pituitary apoplexy">Pituitary apoplexy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planned_Parenthood" title="Planned Parenthood">Planned Parenthood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plantar_fasciitis" title="Plantar fasciitis">Plantar fasciitis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plasmodium_knowlesi" title="Plasmodium knowlesi">Plasmodium knowlesi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Playa_de_Oro_virus" title="Playa de Oro virus">Playa de Oro virus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pneumonia" title="Pneumonia">Pneumonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pneumothorax" title="Pneumothorax">Pneumothorax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polio_vaccine" title="Polio vaccine">Polio vaccine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poliovirus" title="Poliovirus">Poliovirus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_abuse_of_psychiatry_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Political abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union">Political abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-traumatic_epilepsy" title="Post-traumatic epilepsy">Post-traumatic epilepsy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potassium" title="Potassium">Potassium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willis_J._Potts" title="Willis J. Potts">Willis J. Potts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premastication" title="Premastication">Premastication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prepatellar_bursitis" title="Prepatellar bursitis">Prepatellar bursitis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prion" title="Prion">Prion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protein_C" title="Protein C">Protein C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psoriasis" title="Psoriasis">Psoriasis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychedelic_music" title="Psychedelic music">Psychedelic music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulvermacher%27s_chain" title="Pulvermacher's chain">Pulvermacher's chain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabeprazole" title="Rabeprazole">Rabeprazole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabor_B._Racz" title="Gabor B. Racz">Gabor B. Racz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Railway_surgery" title="Railway surgery">Railway surgery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melvin_Ramsay" title="Melvin Ramsay">Melvin Ramsay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapid_strep_test" title="Rapid strep test">Rapid strep test</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Rennotte" title="Marie Rennotte">Marie Rennotte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornelius_P._Rhoads" title="Cornelius P. Rhoads">Cornelius P. Rhoads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riboflavin" title="Riboflavin">Riboflavin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_P._Rice" title="Dorothy P. Rice">Dorothy P. Rice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Risalah_al-Dhahabiah" title="Al-Risalah al-Dhahabiah">Al-Risalah al-Dhahabiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jennie_Smillie_Robertson" title="Jennie Smillie Robertson">Jennie Smillie Robertson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Commission_on_Animal_Magnetism" title="Royal Commission on Animal Magnetism">Royal Commission on Animal Magnetism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumination_syndrome" title="Rumination syndrome">Rumination syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monique_Ryan" title="Monique Ryan">Monique Ryan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terri_Schiavo_case" title="Terri Schiavo case">Terri Schiavo case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selective_androgen_receptor_modulator" title="Selective androgen receptor modulator">Selective androgen receptor modulator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-harm" title="Self-harm">Self-harm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SENSOR-Pesticides" title="SENSOR-Pesticides">SENSOR-Pesticides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serotonin_syndrome" title="Serotonin syndrome">Serotonin syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sesame_allergy" title="Sesame allergy">Sesame allergy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shellfish_allergy" title="Shellfish allergy">Shellfish allergy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shingles" title="Shingles">Shingles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_QT_syndrome" title="Short QT syndrome">Short QT syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sleep_hygiene" title="Sleep hygiene">Sleep hygiene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slipping_rib_syndrome" title="Slipping rib syndrome">Slipping rib syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smallpox" title="Smallpox">Smallpox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horace_Smithy" title="Horace Smithy">Horace Smithy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_urticaria" title="Solar urticaria">Solar urticaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elmer_Ernest_Southard" title="Elmer Ernest Southard">Elmer Ernest Southard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_flu" title="Spanish flu">Spanish flu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spinal_cord_injury" title="Spinal cord injury">Spinal cord injury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spinocerebellar_ataxia_type_1" title="Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1">Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barend_Joseph_Stokvis" title="Barend Joseph Stokvis">Barend Joseph Stokvis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Streptococcal_pharyngitis" title="Streptococcal pharyngitis">Streptococcal pharyngitis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tina_Strobos" title="Tina Strobos">Tina Strobos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Struthers_(anatomist)" title="John Struthers (anatomist)">John Struthers (anatomist)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subcutaneous_emphysema" title="Subcutaneous emphysema">Subcutaneous emphysema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suicide" title="Suicide">Suicide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alma_Sundquist" title="Alma Sundquist">Alma Sundquist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syphilis" title="Syphilis">Syphilis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Tatlock" title="Jean Tatlock">Jean Tatlock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin" title="2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin">2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetrasomy_X" title="Tetrasomy X">Tetrasomy X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiamine" title="Thiamine">Thiamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiomersal_and_vaccines" title="Thiomersal and vaccines">Thiomersal and vaccines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thought_broadcasting" title="Thought broadcasting">Thought broadcasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrombophilia" title="Thrombophilia">Thrombophilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thung_Sin_Nio" title="Thung Sin Nio">Thung Sin Nio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tick" title="Tick">Tick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tietze_syndrome" title="Tietze syndrome">Tietze syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tobacco_smoke_enema" title="Tobacco smoke enema">Tobacco smoke enema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toothache" title="Toothache">Toothache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tracheal_intubation" title="Tracheal intubation">Tracheal intubation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tracheobronchial_injury" title="Tracheobronchial injury">Tracheobronchial injury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trauma-sensitive_yoga" title="Trauma-sensitive yoga">Trauma-sensitive yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traumatic_brain_injury" title="Traumatic brain injury">Traumatic brain injury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trisomy_X" title="Trisomy X">Trisomy X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuberculosis" title="Tuberculosis">Tuberculosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Tuke" title="William Tuke">William Tuke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tumor_necrosis_factor" title="Tumor necrosis factor">Tumor necrosis factor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultrasonography_of_chronic_venous_insufficiency_of_the_legs" title="Ultrasonography of chronic venous insufficiency of the legs">Ultrasonography of chronic venous insufficiency of the legs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unrest_(2017_film)" title="Unrest (2017 film)">Unrest (2017 film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urinary_tract_infection" title="Urinary tract infection">Urinary tract infection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urinothorax" title="Urinothorax">Urinothorax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venom" title="Venom">Venom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vertebral_artery_dissection" title="Vertebral artery dissection">Vertebral artery dissection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veterans_benefits_for_post-traumatic_stress_disorder_in_the_United_States" title="Veterans benefits for post-traumatic stress disorder in the United States">Veterans benefits for post-traumatic stress disorder in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_A" title="Vitamin A">Vitamin A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_B6" title="Vitamin B6">Vitamin B6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_B12" title="Vitamin B12">Vitamin B12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_C" title="Vitamin C">Vitamin C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_E" title="Vitamin E">Vitamin E</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_K" title="Vitamin K">Vitamin K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitamin" title="Vitamin">Vitamin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Wambebe" title="Charles Wambebe">Charles Wambebe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Ward_(British_campaigner)" title="Elizabeth Ward (British campaigner)">Elizabeth Ward (British campaigner)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warfarin" title="Warfarin">Warfarin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stafford_L._Warren" title="Stafford L. Warren">Stafford L. Warren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tobias_Watkins" title="Tobias Watkins">Tobias Watkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_DeWitt_Watts" title="Charles DeWitt Watts">Charles DeWitt Watts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_African_Ebola_epidemic" title="Western African Ebola epidemic">Western African Ebola epidemic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_University_of_Health_Sciences" title="Western University of Health Sciences">Western University of Health Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wet_market" title="Wet market">Wet market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_White_(Virginia_physician)" title="Robert White (Virginia physician)">Robert White (Virginia physician)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_blood_cell_differential" title="White blood cell differential">White blood cell differential</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wieting" title="John Wieting">John Wieting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_and_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Wikipedia and the COVID-19 pandemic">Wikipedia and the COVID-19 pandemic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erik_Adolf_von_Willebrand" title="Erik Adolf von Willebrand">Erik Adolf von Willebrand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilson%27s_disease" title="Wilson's disease">Wilson's disease</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albertine_Winner" title="Albertine Winner">Albertine Winner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Wittman" title="Marie Wittman">Marie Wittman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_health" title="Women's health">Women's health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_health_in_India" title="Women's health in India">Women's health in India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XXXYY_syndrome" title="XXXYY syndrome">XXXYY syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XYYY_syndrome" title="XYYY syndrome">XYYY syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinxiu_bencao" title="Xinxiu bencao">Xinxiu bencao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zyklon_B" title="Zyklon B">Zyklon B</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Featured_pictures">Featured pictures</h3></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 179.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 177.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Capt._Della_H._Raney,_Army_Nurse_Corps,_who_now_heads_the_nursing_staff_at_the_station_hospital_at_Camp_Beale,_CA_-_NARA_-_535942.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title=""Capt. Della H. Raney, Army Nurse Corps, who now heads the nursing staff at the station hospital at Camp Beale, CA - NARA - 535942"><img alt=""Capt. Della H. 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62px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Human_skeleton_back_en.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Human skeleton back en"><img alt="Human skeleton back en" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Human_skeleton_back_en.svg/93px-Human_skeleton_back_en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="62" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Human_skeleton_back_en.svg/140px-Human_skeleton_back_en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Human_skeleton_back_en.svg/186px-Human_skeleton_back_en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="436" data-file-height="842" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Human skeleton back en</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 64px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 62px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Human_skeleton_front_en.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Human skeleton front en"><img alt="Human skeleton front en" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Human_skeleton_front_en.svg/93px-Human_skeleton_front_en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="62" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Human_skeleton_front_en.svg/140px-Human_skeleton_front_en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Human_skeleton_front_en.svg/186px-Human_skeleton_front_en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="436" data-file-height="842" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Human skeleton front en</div> </li> </ul> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:white;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid #3673c5;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#3673c5;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:1px 1px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><h2 id="Associated_Wikimedia" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:white;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em">Associated Wikimedia</h2></div><div style="color:black;opacity:1;border:1px solid #3673c5;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#ffffff;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239335380">.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap}.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list li{display:inline-block}.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list li span{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list li>div{display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;padding:6px 4px}.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list li>div:first-child{text-align:center}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .sister-projects-wikt-icon-dark,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sister-projects-wikt-icon-light{display:none}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sister-projects-wikt-icon-dark{display:inline}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sister-projects-wikt-icon-dark{display:inline}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sister-projects-wikt-icon-light{display:none}}@media(min-width:360px){.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list li{width:33%;min-width:20em;white-space:nowrap;flex:1 0 25%}.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list li>div:first-child{min-width:50px}}</style> <p>The following <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation" title="Wikimedia Foundation">Wikimedia Foundation</a> sister projects provide more on this subject: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul id="sister-projects-list"> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Category:Medicine"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/31px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/47px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/62px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Category:Medicine" class="extiw" title="commons:Special:Search/Category:Medicine">Commons</a></span><br />Free media repository</div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Medicine"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/35px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/53px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/70px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </div> <div><span><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Medicine" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Special:Search/Medicine">Wikibooks</a></span><br />Free textbooks and manuals</div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:Search/Medicine"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/47px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="47" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/71px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/94px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </div> <div><span><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:Search/Medicine" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Special:Search/Medicine">Wikidata</a></span><br />Free knowledge base</div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/Medicine"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/51px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="51" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/77px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/102px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/Medicine" class="extiw" title="wikinews:Special:Search/Medicine">Wikinews</a></span><br />Free-content news</div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Medicine"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/53px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/70px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Medicine" class="extiw" title="wikiquote:Special:Search/Medicine">Wikiquote</a></span><br />Collection of quotations</div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Medicine"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/35px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/53px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/70px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Medicine" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Special:Search/Medicine">Wikisource</a></span><br />Free-content library</div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Medicine"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="41" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/62px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/82px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Medicine" class="extiw" title="wikiversity:Special:Search/Medicine">Wikiversity</a></span><br />Free learning tools</div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Medicine"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/35px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/53px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/70px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </div> <div><span><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Medicine" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/Medicine">Wiktionary</a></span><br />Dictionary and thesaurus</div> </li> </ul> </div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239335380"> <div class="smallcaps" style="font-variant:small-caps;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>Discover Wikipedia using <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Portal" title="Wikipedia:Portal">portals</a></b></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul id="sister-projects-list"> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lorentzian_Wormhole.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Lorentzian_Wormhole.svg/35px-Lorentzian_Wormhole.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Lorentzian_Wormhole.svg/53px-Lorentzian_Wormhole.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Lorentzian_Wormhole.svg/70px-Lorentzian_Wormhole.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">List of all portals</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png/35px-Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png/53px-Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png/70px-Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Portal:The_arts" title="Portal:The arts">The arts portal</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/35px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/53px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/70px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography portal</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/35px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/53px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/70px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Portal:Current events">Current events portal</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="globe" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/35px-Terra.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/53px-Terra.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/70px-Terra.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Geography" title="Portal:Geography">Geography portal</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/35px-P_history.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/53px-P_history.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/70px-P_history.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Portal:History" title="Portal:History">History portal</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="square root of x" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg/35px-Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg/53px-Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg/70px-Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Mathematics" title="Portal:Mathematics">Mathematics portal</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg/35px-Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg/53px-Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg/70px-Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Science" title="Portal:Science">Science portal</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Social_sciences.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Social_sciences.svg/35px-Social_sciences.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Social_sciences.svg/53px-Social_sciences.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Social_sciences.svg/70px-Social_sciences.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="139" data-file-height="122" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Society" title="Portal:Society">Society portal</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Noun-technology.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Noun-technology.svg/35px-Noun-technology.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Noun-technology.svg/53px-Noun-technology.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Noun-technology.svg/70px-Noun-technology.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="90" data-file-height="88" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Technology" 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