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Tholbecq (éd.), Mission archéologique française de Pétra : Rapport des campagnes archéologiques 2015 - 2016, Bruxelles, Presses de l’ULB, 2016, p. 51-57.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50799274,"asset_id":30346539,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":19073123,"first_name":"Jordan","last_name":"Boucard","domain_name":"univ-paris1","page_name":"JordanBoucard","display_name":"Jordan Boucard","profile_url":"https://univ-paris1.academia.edu/JordanBoucard?f_ri=21254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/19073123/5296773/15526180/s65_jordan.boucard.jpg"},{"id":1077127,"first_name":"Laurent","last_name":"Tholbecq","domain_name":"ulb","page_name":"LaurentTholbecq","display_name":"Laurent Tholbecq","profile_url":"https://ulb.academia.edu/LaurentTholbecq?f_ri=21254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1077127/2801159/19850642/s65_laurent.tholbecq.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":21254,"name":"Nabataeans (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nabataeans_Archaeology_?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true},{"id":26862,"name":"Roman Arabia (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Arabia_Archaeology_?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true},{"id":52749,"name":"Nabataean Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nabataean_Religion?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true},{"id":54796,"name":"Nabataean Petra","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nabataean_Petra?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_2305955" data-work_id="2305955" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2305955/Pianificazioni_urbanistiche_a_Bosra_nel_II_e_III_secolo_d_C_Realt%C3%A0_natura_e_sostanza_degli_interventi_edilizi_romani_nella_capitale_della_provincia_Arabia">Pianificazioni urbanistiche a Bosra nel II e III secolo d.C. Realtà, natura e sostanza degli interventi edilizi romani nella capitale della provincia Arabia </a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">L’article étudie l’urbanisme de Bostra, capitale de la province romaine d’Arabie à l’époque de Trajan et durant les IIe et IIIe siècles ap. J.-C. Une première partie est axée sur l’analyse de la cité d’époque romaine, en particulier... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_2305955" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">L’article étudie l’urbanisme de Bostra, capitale de la province romaine d’Arabie à l’époque de Trajan et durant les IIe et IIIe siècles ap. J.-C. Une première partie est axée sur l’analyse de la cité d’époque romaine, en particulier l’architecture civile des deux premiers siècles de la phase provinciale. Dans une deuxième partie sont étudiées les origines, les causes, les modalités et les temps du développement urbanistique de la cité, en mettant en évidence l’idéologie et les caractères socio-culturels résultant de la romanisation. Le schéma interprétatif proposé révèle une ville dans laquelle, bien avant l’attribution du statut de capitale provinciale en 106 ap. J.-C., émerge une identité culturelle hellénistico-romaine. En effet, cette étude met en avant d’une part la coexistence d’éléments locaux de tradition nabatéenne et d’autre part l’adoption de modes de vie allogènes, en particulier romains. Ceci est évident si l’on considère l’apparat monumental du IIe s. ap. J.-C., conditionné par la présence en ville de la IIIe légion Cyrenaica. Le culte impérial est associé aux divinités locales, qui incarnent l’identité religieuse traditionnelle de la population urbaine. Une nouvelle phase de développement monumental est chronologiquement attestée à l’époque des Sévères ; celle-ci modifie le visage de Bostra : à la différence de l’urbanisme pratiqué au IIe s. ap. J.-C., la ville se remplit d’édifices dépourvus de rôle fonctionnel direct mais revêtus d’une forte connotation idéologique.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/2305955" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4a1850a84bc26eb1b0cf5ab8166e0aef" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":37044831,"asset_id":2305955,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37044831/download_file?st=MTc0MDU4NzQyMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1790731" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AlessioRenzetti">Alessio Renzetti</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1790731" type="text/json">{"id":1790731,"first_name":"Alessio","last_name":"Renzetti","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AlessioRenzetti","display_name":"Alessio Renzetti","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AlessioRenzetti?f_ri=21254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1790731/612617/760804/s65_alessio.renzetti.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_2305955 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="2305955"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 2305955, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_2305955", }); 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Realtà, natura e sostanza degli interventi edilizi romani nella capitale della provincia Arabia ","created_at":"2012-12-17T22:58:14.421-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/2305955/Pianificazioni_urbanistiche_a_Bosra_nel_II_e_III_secolo_d_C_Realt%C3%A0_natura_e_sostanza_degli_interventi_edilizi_romani_nella_capitale_della_provincia_Arabia?f_ri=21254","dom_id":"work_2305955","summary":"L’article étudie l’urbanisme de Bostra, capitale de la province romaine d’Arabie à l’époque de Trajan et durant les IIe et IIIe siècles ap. J.-C. Une première partie est axée sur l’analyse de la cité d’époque romaine, en particulier l’architecture civile des deux premiers siècles de la phase provinciale. Dans une deuxième partie sont étudiées les origines, les causes, les modalités et les temps du développement urbanistique de la cité, en mettant en évidence l’idéologie et les caractères socio-culturels résultant de la romanisation. Le schéma interprétatif proposé révèle une ville dans laquelle, bien avant l’attribution du statut de capitale provinciale en 106 ap. J.-C., émerge une identité culturelle hellénistico-romaine. En effet, cette étude met en avant d’une part la coexistence d’éléments locaux de tradition nabatéenne et d’autre part l’adoption de modes de vie allogènes, en particulier romains. Ceci est évident si l’on considère l’apparat monumental du IIe s. ap. J.-C., conditionné par la présence en ville de la IIIe légion Cyrenaica. Le culte impérial est associé aux divinités locales, qui incarnent l’identité religieuse traditionnelle de la population urbaine. Une nouvelle phase de développement monumental est chronologiquement attestée à l’époque des Sévères ; celle-ci modifie le visage de Bostra : à la différence de l’urbanisme pratiqué au IIe s. ap. J.-C., la ville se remplit d’édifices dépourvus de rôle fonctionnel direct mais revêtus d’une forte connotation idéologique.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":37044831,"asset_id":2305955,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1790731,"first_name":"Alessio","last_name":"Renzetti","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AlessioRenzetti","display_name":"Alessio Renzetti","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AlessioRenzetti?f_ri=21254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1790731/612617/760804/s65_alessio.renzetti.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":21254,"name":"Nabataeans (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nabataeans_Archaeology_?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true},{"id":26862,"name":"Roman Arabia (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Arabia_Archaeology_?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true},{"id":172802,"name":"Traiano","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Traiano?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true},{"id":639673,"name":"Via Nova Traiana","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Via_Nova_Traiana?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true},{"id":654436,"name":"Archeologia Delle Province Romane","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archeologia_Delle_Province_Romane?f_ri=21254"},{"id":893275,"name":"Bosra","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bosra?f_ri=21254"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_3632644" data-work_id="3632644" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3632644/Pentesilea_vs_Pen%C3%A9lope_El_mito_amaz%C3%B3nico_como_oposici%C3%B3n_a_los_valores_e_ideales_femeninos_en_el_mundo_griego">Pentesilea vs Penélope. 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Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architectural_Engineering?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true},{"id":106,"name":"Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true},{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true},{"id":130,"name":"Ancient History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_History?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true},{"id":136,"name":"Cultural History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_History?f_ri=21254"},{"id":184,"name":"Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology?f_ri=21254"},{"id":188,"name":"Cultural Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Studies?f_ri=21254"},{"id":217,"name":"Sociology of Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology_of_Religion?f_ri=21254"},{"id":261,"name":"Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geography?f_ri=21254"},{"id":263,"name":"Cultural Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Geography?f_ri=21254"},{"id":266,"name":"Historical Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Geography?f_ri=21254"},{"id":268,"name":"Political Geography and Geopolitics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Geography_and_Geopolitics?f_ri=21254"},{"id":271,"name":"Population Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Population_Geography?f_ri=21254"},{"id":272,"name":"Social Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Geography?f_ri=21254"},{"id":279,"name":"Regional Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Geography?f_ri=21254"},{"id":371,"name":"Functional 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Temple","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Great_Temple?f_ri=21254"},{"id":1211336,"name":"Nabataean Inscriptions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nabataean_Inscriptions?f_ri=21254"},{"id":1215771,"name":"Ancient Jordan","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Jordan?f_ri=21254"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_12646714" data-work_id="12646714" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12646714/Architectural_Orientation_and_Earth_Sun_Relationships_in_Petra_Jordan_A_preliminary_analysis_of_the_principal_tombs_and_structures">Architectural Orientation and Earth‐Sun Relationships in Petra, Jordan: A preliminary analysis of the principal tombs and structures</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Through innovative geographic information systems (GIS), and extensive ground-based measurements, a significant number of Petra's tombs, structures, and monuments were found to display distinctive alignments to the Sun, on its primary... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_12646714" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Through innovative geographic information systems (GIS), and extensive ground-based measurements, a significant number of Petra's tombs, structures, and monuments were found to display distinctive alignments to the Sun, on its primary marker days of the solstices and equinoxes in this preliminary architectural inventory.  Of Petra's most prominent monuments, façades, and structures, roughly >70% of the Nabataean structures were found to exhibit related orientation.  Three categories of alignments to/with the Sun were identified: (i) structures facing the rising or setting sun on a marker day (i.e. Urn Tomb on solstices and equinox), and/or (ii) a structure in alignment (i.e. High Place of Sacrifice on the Summer solstice sunrise) with the rising/setting sun intersecting a prominent landmark on the horizon (i.e. the peak of Jebel Haroun), and/or (iii) exhibiting sunlight infiltration into chamber interiors (Palace Tomb at sunset during the winter solstice and equinox) where it illuminates pronounced interior niches, alcoves, and/or sandstone glyptic features (i.e. notches, grooves).  These findings may support Strabo's early notion that the religion of the early Nabataeans focused on the worship of the Sun, or at least, it may link an early understanding of Earth-Sun relationships to the Nabataean conception of urban planning and form, agriculture, philosophy, astronomy, architecture, and/or cosmology.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/12646714" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8ec78f2e44645ec275ed322f5e974416" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":37760962,"asset_id":12646714,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37760962/download_file?st=MTc0MDU4NzQyMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa 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structures","created_at":"2015-05-28T06:03:22.569-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/12646714/Architectural_Orientation_and_Earth_Sun_Relationships_in_Petra_Jordan_A_preliminary_analysis_of_the_principal_tombs_and_structures?f_ri=21254","dom_id":"work_12646714","summary":"Through innovative geographic information systems (GIS), and extensive ground-based measurements, a significant number of Petra's tombs, structures, and monuments were found to display distinctive alignments to the Sun, on its primary marker days of the solstices and equinoxes in this preliminary architectural inventory. Of Petra's most prominent monuments, façades, and structures, roughly \u003e70% of the Nabataean structures were found to exhibit related orientation. Three categories of alignments to/with the Sun were identified: (i) structures facing the rising or setting sun on a marker day (i.e. Urn Tomb on solstices and equinox), and/or (ii) a structure in alignment (i.e. High Place of Sacrifice on the Summer solstice sunrise) with the rising/setting sun intersecting a prominent landmark on the horizon (i.e. the peak of Jebel Haroun), and/or (iii) exhibiting sunlight infiltration into chamber interiors (Palace Tomb at sunset during the winter solstice and equinox) where it illuminates pronounced interior niches, alcoves, and/or sandstone glyptic features (i.e. notches, grooves). These findings may support Strabo's early notion that the religion of the early Nabataeans focused on the worship of the Sun, or at least, it may link an early understanding of Earth-Sun relationships to the Nabataean conception of urban planning and form, agriculture, philosophy, astronomy, architecture, and/or cosmology.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":37760962,"asset_id":12646714,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1039011,"first_name":"Thomas","last_name":"Paradise","domain_name":"uark","page_name":"ThomasParadise","display_name":"Thomas R Paradise","profile_url":"https://uark.academia.edu/ThomasParadise?f_ri=21254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1039011/359230/101534092/s65_thomas.paradise.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":393,"name":"Classical Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classical_Archaeology?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true},{"id":3266,"name":"Hellenistic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hellenistic_History?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true},{"id":21254,"name":"Nabataeans (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nabataeans_Archaeology_?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true},{"id":36190,"name":"Cultural Astronomy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Astronomy?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true},{"id":52749,"name":"Nabataean Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nabataean_Religion?f_ri=21254"},{"id":54796,"name":"Nabataean Petra","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nabataean_Petra?f_ri=21254"},{"id":155486,"name":"Petra","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Petra?f_ri=21254"},{"id":180771,"name":"Hellenistic architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hellenistic_architecture?f_ri=21254"},{"id":395053,"name":"Nabataean Archaeology, Pre-Islamic Arabia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nabataean_Archaeology_Pre-Islamic_Arabia?f_ri=21254"},{"id":453808,"name":"Nabataens and Nabataea","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nabataens_and_Nabataea?f_ri=21254"},{"id":554770,"name":"Nabateans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nabateans?f_ri=21254"},{"id":628534,"name":"Nabataean Civilisation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nabataean_Civilisation?f_ri=21254"},{"id":977836,"name":"Sun Earth Connection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sun_Earth_Connection?f_ri=21254"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_37543395" data-work_id="37543395" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37543395/Petran_maaseudun_asutus_nabatealaiselta_kaudelta_my%C3%B6h%C3%A4isbysanttilaiseen_aikaan_Muinaistutkija_4_2012">Petran maaseudun asutus nabatealaiselta kaudelta myöhäisbysanttilaiseen aikaan. Muinaistutkija 4/2012.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">1 Taannoisessa Muinaistutkijan numerossa (4/2009) totesin, että populaarikulttuurissa arkeologia esitetään usein elämäntapana, joka on mukana arjessa työajan ulkopuolellakin. Kuluneen vuoden aikana muuttunut elämäntilanteeni on saanut... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_37543395" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">1 Taannoisessa Muinaistutkijan numerossa (4/2009) totesin, että populaarikulttuurissa arkeologia esitetään usein elämäntapana, joka on mukana arjessa työajan ulkopuolellakin. Kuluneen vuoden aikana muuttunut elämäntilanteeni on saanut minut pohtimaan uudesta näkökulmasta sitä, kuinka suuressa määrin arkeologia on läsnä elämässäni.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37543395" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="70b63febfa9ca4f5ef86219d3b0a54df" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":57518120,"asset_id":37543395,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57518120/download_file?st=MTc0MDU4NzQyMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1129108" href="https://helsinki.academia.edu/PaulaKouki">Paula Kouki</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1129108" type="text/json">{"id":1129108,"first_name":"Paula","last_name":"Kouki","domain_name":"helsinki","page_name":"PaulaKouki","display_name":"Paula Kouki","profile_url":"https://helsinki.academia.edu/PaulaKouki?f_ri=21254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1129108/395615/3755619/s65_paula.kouki.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_37543395 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="37543395"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 37543395, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_37543395", }); 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Muinaistutkija 4/2012.","created_at":"2018-10-07T01:00:40.073-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/37543395/Petran_maaseudun_asutus_nabatealaiselta_kaudelta_my%C3%B6h%C3%A4isbysanttilaiseen_aikaan_Muinaistutkija_4_2012?f_ri=21254","dom_id":"work_37543395","summary":"1 Taannoisessa Muinaistutkijan numerossa (4/2009) totesin, että populaarikulttuurissa arkeologia esitetään usein elämäntapana, joka on mukana arjessa työajan ulkopuolellakin. Kuluneen vuoden aikana muuttunut elämäntilanteeni on saanut minut pohtimaan uudesta näkökulmasta sitä, kuinka suuressa määrin arkeologia on läsnä elämässäni.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":57518120,"asset_id":37543395,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1129108,"first_name":"Paula","last_name":"Kouki","domain_name":"helsinki","page_name":"PaulaKouki","display_name":"Paula Kouki","profile_url":"https://helsinki.academia.edu/PaulaKouki?f_ri=21254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1129108/395615/3755619/s65_paula.kouki.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true},{"id":393,"name":"Classical Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classical_Archaeology?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true},{"id":11076,"name":"Late Antiquity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Late_Antiquity?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true},{"id":12222,"name":"Survey (Archaeological Method \u0026 Theory)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Survey_Archaeological_Method_and_Theory_?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true},{"id":14641,"name":"Byzantine Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Byzantine_Archaeology?f_ri=21254"},{"id":21254,"name":"Nabataeans (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nabataeans_Archaeology_?f_ri=21254"},{"id":173528,"name":"Archaeology of Jordan","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology_of_Jordan?f_ri=21254"},{"id":634974,"name":"Roman Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Archaeology?f_ri=21254"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_45412928 coauthored" data-work_id="45412928" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/45412928/M_Heinzelmann_T_Erickson_Gini_Elusa_eine_nabat%C3%A4ische_Metropoloe_im_n%C3%B6rdlichen_Negev_Vorbericht_zu_den_Kampagnen_2015_und_2016_KuBA_5_2015_110_136">M. Heinzelmann - T. Erickson-Gini, Elusa - eine nabatäische Metropoloe im nördlichen Negev. Vorbericht zu den Kampagnen 2015 und 2016, KuBA 5, 2015, 110-136</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/45412928" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1eefd946bd722cbbe95d5720e14945ac" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":65928664,"asset_id":45412928,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65928664/download_file?st=MTc0MDU4NzQyMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="523602" href="https://uni-koeln.academia.edu/MichaelHeinzelmann">Michael Heinzelmann</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="523602" type="text/json">{"id":523602,"first_name":"Michael","last_name":"Heinzelmann","domain_name":"uni-koeln","page_name":"MichaelHeinzelmann","display_name":"Michael Heinzelmann","profile_url":"https://uni-koeln.academia.edu/MichaelHeinzelmann?f_ri=21254","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-45412928">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-45412928"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/TaliGini">Tali Erickson-Gini</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-45412928'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-45412928').html(); 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Results of 2017-2018 Seasons. With Dr. Samer Sahlah (KSU)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37870063" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9db094f80f2745b66e1f2027ebfa5a0f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":57882740,"asset_id":37870063,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57882740/download_file?st=MTc0MDU4NzQyMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1028422" href="https://cnrs.academia.edu/GuillaumeCharloux">Guillaume Charloux</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1028422" type="text/json">{"id":1028422,"first_name":"Guillaume","last_name":"Charloux","domain_name":"cnrs","page_name":"GuillaumeCharloux","display_name":"Guillaume Charloux","profile_url":"https://cnrs.academia.edu/GuillaumeCharloux?f_ri=21254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1028422/358424/118858789/s65_guillaume.charloux.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_37870063 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="37870063"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 37870063, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_37870063", }); 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With Dr. Samer Sahlah (KSU)","created_at":"2018-11-28T09:52:58.072-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/37870063/A_Hidden_Major_Nabataean_Oasis_in_Saudi_Arabia_al_Bad_supposed_ancient_Madian_Results_of_2017_2018_Seasons_With_Dr_Samer_Sahlah_KSU_?f_ri=21254","dom_id":"work_37870063","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":57882740,"asset_id":37870063,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1028422,"first_name":"Guillaume","last_name":"Charloux","domain_name":"cnrs","page_name":"GuillaumeCharloux","display_name":"Guillaume Charloux","profile_url":"https://cnrs.academia.edu/GuillaumeCharloux?f_ri=21254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1028422/358424/118858789/s65_guillaume.charloux.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true},{"id":399,"name":"Prehistoric Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistoric_Archaeology?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true},{"id":829,"name":"Roman History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_History?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true},{"id":9569,"name":"Saudi Arabia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Saudi_Arabia?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true},{"id":21254,"name":"Nabataeans (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nabataeans_Archaeology_?f_ri=21254"},{"id":54796,"name":"Nabataean Petra","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nabataean_Petra?f_ri=21254"},{"id":83981,"name":"Arabian/Persian Gulf Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arabian_Persian_Gulf_Studies?f_ri=21254"},{"id":97680,"name":"Arabian/Persian Gulf Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arabian_Persian_Gulf_Archaeology?f_ri=21254"},{"id":553135,"name":"Preislamic Arabia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Preislamic_Arabia?f_ri=21254"},{"id":634974,"name":"Roman Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Archaeology?f_ri=21254"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_39748616" data-work_id="39748616" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/39748616/The_controversial_annexation_of_Nabataean_Kingdom">The controversial annexation of Nabataean Kingdom</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In 106 CE the Romans added the territories of the former Nabataean Kingdom to their empire, thus creating a new province called Arabia. Although we have no contemporary literary sources about the events connected with the annexation, the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_39748616" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In 106 CE the Romans added the territories of the former Nabataean Kingdom to their empire, thus creating a new province called Arabia. Although we have no contemporary literary sources about the events connected with the annexation, the legend Arabia adquisita on the first issued coins, rather than Arabia capta, together with the Trajan’s decision not to take on the title of Arabicus, has led some scholars to believe that the annexation of the Nabataean Kingdom was substantially peaceful. Recent archaeological discoveries and inscriptions can, however, give us more information regarding the events that occurred during the early years of the 2nd century CE.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/39748616" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c9bccf2a1b5b7a09ad6e62e81954afce" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":60099269,"asset_id":39748616,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/60099269/download_file?st=MTc0MDU4NzQyMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="486463" href="https://wwwuniroma1.academia.edu/PaoloCimadomo">Paolo Cimadomo</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="486463" type="text/json">{"id":486463,"first_name":"Paolo","last_name":"Cimadomo","domain_name":"wwwuniroma1","page_name":"PaoloCimadomo","display_name":"Paolo Cimadomo","profile_url":"https://wwwuniroma1.academia.edu/PaoloCimadomo?f_ri=21254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/486463/165397/192731/s65_paolo.cimadomo.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_39748616 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="39748616"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 39748616, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_39748616", }); 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Although we have no contemporary literary sources about the events connected with the annexation, the legend Arabia adquisita on the first issued coins, rather than Arabia capta, together with the Trajan’s decision not to take on the title of Arabicus, has led some scholars to believe that the annexation of the Nabataean Kingdom was substantially peaceful. Recent archaeological discoveries and inscriptions can, however, give us more information regarding the events that occurred during the early years of the 2nd century CE.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":60099269,"asset_id":39748616,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":486463,"first_name":"Paolo","last_name":"Cimadomo","domain_name":"wwwuniroma1","page_name":"PaoloCimadomo","display_name":"Paolo Cimadomo","profile_url":"https://wwwuniroma1.academia.edu/PaoloCimadomo?f_ri=21254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/486463/165397/192731/s65_paolo.cimadomo.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":18137,"name":"Roman provincial administration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_provincial_administration?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true},{"id":21254,"name":"Nabataeans (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nabataeans_Archaeology_?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true},{"id":26862,"name":"Roman Arabia (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Arabia_Archaeology_?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true},{"id":32294,"name":"Eastern Roman provinces (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eastern_Roman_provinces_Archaeology_?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true},{"id":48230,"name":"Roman Provincial Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Provincial_Archaeology?f_ri=21254"},{"id":48467,"name":"Roman Near East","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Near_East?f_ri=21254"},{"id":54796,"name":"Nabataean Petra","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nabataean_Petra?f_ri=21254"},{"id":481127,"name":"Trajan","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Trajan?f_ri=21254"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_229533" data-work_id="229533" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/229533/_2011_C_DURAND_Les_lampes_nabat%C3%A9ennes_et_romaines_de_Khirbet_edh_Dharih_Jordanie_Ier_IVe_s_ap_J_C">(2011) C. DURAND, Les lampes nabatéennes et romaines de Khirbet edh-Dharih (Jordanie). Ier-IVe s. ap. J.-C.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/229533" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="13f3592e75ed605256c8b62a4bb3e6a5" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":52243039,"asset_id":229533,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/52243039/download_file?st=MTc0MDU4NzQyMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="170728" href="https://cnrs.academia.edu/CarolineDurand">Caroline Durand</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="170728" type="text/json">{"id":170728,"first_name":"Caroline","last_name":"Durand","domain_name":"cnrs","page_name":"CarolineDurand","display_name":"Caroline Durand","profile_url":"https://cnrs.academia.edu/CarolineDurand?f_ri=21254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/170728/98806/18570274/s65_caroline.durand.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_229533 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="229533"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 229533, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_229533", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=229533]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_229533").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_229533").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="229533"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="21254" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nabataeans_Archaeology_">Nabataeans (Archaeology)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="21254" type="text/json">{"id":21254,"name":"Nabataeans (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nabataeans_Archaeology_?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="86525" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Lamps">Roman Lamps</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="86525" type="text/json">{"id":86525,"name":"Roman Lamps","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Lamps?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="173528" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology_of_Jordan">Archaeology of Jordan</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="173528" type="text/json">{"id":173528,"name":"Archaeology of Jordan","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology_of_Jordan?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="191455" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Lamps">Ancient Lamps</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="191455" type="text/json">{"id":191455,"name":"Ancient Lamps","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Lamps?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=229533]'), work: {"id":229533,"title":"(2011) C. DURAND, Les lampes nabatéennes et romaines de Khirbet edh-Dharih (Jordanie). Ier-IVe s. ap. J.-C.","created_at":"2010-04-18T22:35:39.654-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/229533/_2011_C_DURAND_Les_lampes_nabat%C3%A9ennes_et_romaines_de_Khirbet_edh_Dharih_Jordanie_Ier_IVe_s_ap_J_C?f_ri=21254","dom_id":"work_229533","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":52243039,"asset_id":229533,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":170728,"first_name":"Caroline","last_name":"Durand","domain_name":"cnrs","page_name":"CarolineDurand","display_name":"Caroline Durand","profile_url":"https://cnrs.academia.edu/CarolineDurand?f_ri=21254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/170728/98806/18570274/s65_caroline.durand.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":21254,"name":"Nabataeans (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nabataeans_Archaeology_?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true},{"id":86525,"name":"Roman Lamps","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Lamps?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true},{"id":173528,"name":"Archaeology of Jordan","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology_of_Jordan?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true},{"id":191455,"name":"Ancient Lamps","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Lamps?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true},{"id":1248428,"name":"Khirbet Edh Dharih","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Khirbet_Edh_Dharih?f_ri=21254"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_7510213" data-work_id="7510213" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/7510213/New_Kufic_graffiti_and_inscriptions_from_Jordan_AAE_">New Kufic graffiti and inscriptions from Jordan [AAE]</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Keywords: <br />early Islam;Kufic inscriptions;Qaṣr al-Kharāna;Umayyad desert castles;Jordan <br /> <br />The paper presents and discusses four new early Arabic (Kufic) inscriptions from Jordan. The sites where they were found are also briefly treated.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/7510213" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="319d9bf7e061e6ac09f6372a01b00bfb" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":35189381,"asset_id":7510213,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/35189381/download_file?st=MTc0MDU4NzQyMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3076685" href="https://helsinki.academia.edu/IlkkaLindstedt">Ilkka Lindstedt</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3076685" type="text/json">{"id":3076685,"first_name":"Ilkka","last_name":"Lindstedt","domain_name":"helsinki","page_name":"IlkkaLindstedt","display_name":"Ilkka Lindstedt","profile_url":"https://helsinki.academia.edu/IlkkaLindstedt?f_ri=21254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3076685/1011025/16411110/s65_ilkka.lindstedt.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_7510213 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="7510213"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 7510213, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_7510213", }); 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The sites where they were found are also briefly treated.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":35189381,"asset_id":7510213,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3076685,"first_name":"Ilkka","last_name":"Lindstedt","domain_name":"helsinki","page_name":"IlkkaLindstedt","display_name":"Ilkka Lindstedt","profile_url":"https://helsinki.academia.edu/IlkkaLindstedt?f_ri=21254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3076685/1011025/16411110/s65_ilkka.lindstedt.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2722,"name":"Arabic Language and Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arabic_Language_and_Linguistics?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true},{"id":11150,"name":"Islamic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Studies?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true},{"id":15800,"name":"Islamic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_History?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true},{"id":15802,"name":"Umayyads (Islamic History)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Umayyads_Islamic_History_?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true},{"id":21254,"name":"Nabataeans (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nabataeans_Archaeology_?f_ri=21254"},{"id":91218,"name":"Epigraphy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epigraphy?f_ri=21254"},{"id":362284,"name":"Arabs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arabs?f_ri=21254"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_321768" data-work_id="321768" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/321768/RR_PP_A_Jaussen_Et_R_Savignac_Mission_Arch%C3%A9ologique_En_Arabie_Publication_De_La_Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_Des_Fouilles_Arch%C3%A9ologiques_3_Tomes_Tome_I_De_">RR. PP. A. Jaussen Et R. Savignac-Mission Archéologique En Arabie (Publication De La Société Des Fouilles Archéologiques), 3 Tomes [Tome I: De …</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">To download the article, you can go to this link also:<br /><a href="http://remmm.revues.org/index2681.html" rel="nofollow">http://remmm.revues.org/index2681.html</a></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/321768" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f538444f7c04e482abde7d8fd2b3658f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":1594153,"asset_id":321768,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/1594153/download_file?st=MTc0MDU4NzQyMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="244857" href="https://univ-tlse2.academia.edu/SabaFARES">Saba FARES</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="244857" type="text/json">{"id":244857,"first_name":"Saba","last_name":"FARES","domain_name":"univ-tlse2","page_name":"SabaFARES","display_name":"Saba FARES","profile_url":"https://univ-tlse2.academia.edu/SabaFARES?f_ri=21254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/244857/53079/876733/s65_saba.fares.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_321768 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="321768"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 321768, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_321768", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=321768]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_321768").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_321768").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="321768"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1187" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_History">Ottoman History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1187" type="text/json">{"id":1187,"name":"Ottoman History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_History?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1709" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Semitic_languages">Semitic languages</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1709" type="text/json">{"id":1709,"name":"Semitic languages","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Semitic_languages?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3266" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hellenistic_History">Hellenistic History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3266" type="text/json">{"id":3266,"name":"Hellenistic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hellenistic_History?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9569" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Saudi_Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="9569" type="text/json">{"id":9569,"name":"Saudi Arabia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Saudi_Arabia?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=321768]'), work: {"id":321768,"title":"RR. PP. A. Jaussen Et R. Savignac-Mission Archéologique En Arabie (Publication De La Société Des Fouilles Archéologiques), 3 Tomes [Tome I: De …","created_at":"2010-09-08T23:38:57.472-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/321768/RR_PP_A_Jaussen_Et_R_Savignac_Mission_Arch%C3%A9ologique_En_Arabie_Publication_De_La_Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_Des_Fouilles_Arch%C3%A9ologiques_3_Tomes_Tome_I_De_?f_ri=21254","dom_id":"work_321768","summary":"To download the article, you can go to this link also:\nhttp://remmm.revues.org/index2681.html","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":1594153,"asset_id":321768,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":244857,"first_name":"Saba","last_name":"FARES","domain_name":"univ-tlse2","page_name":"SabaFARES","display_name":"Saba FARES","profile_url":"https://univ-tlse2.academia.edu/SabaFARES?f_ri=21254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/244857/53079/876733/s65_saba.fares.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1187,"name":"Ottoman History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_History?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true},{"id":1709,"name":"Semitic languages","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Semitic_languages?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true},{"id":3266,"name":"Hellenistic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hellenistic_History?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true},{"id":9569,"name":"Saudi Arabia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Saudi_Arabia?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true},{"id":10104,"name":"Ancient Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Religion?f_ri=21254"},{"id":21254,"name":"Nabataeans (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nabataeans_Archaeology_?f_ri=21254"},{"id":26299,"name":"Early Islamic Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Islamic_Archaeology?f_ri=21254"},{"id":42058,"name":"Ancient Arabs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Arabs?f_ri=21254"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_19933851" data-work_id="19933851" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/19933851/Nabataean_Architectural_Terminology">Nabataean Architectural Terminology</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This research aims at studying the Nabataean architectural terms throughout their inscriptions. It demonstrates the Nabataean inscriptions which contain architectural terms and expressions seeking to point out linguistic indications.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_19933851" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This research aims at studying the Nabataean architectural terms throughout their inscriptions. It demonstrates the Nabataean inscriptions which contain architectural terms and expressions seeking to point out linguistic indications.  This  also  compares  the different architectural terms occurred in the Nabataean  inscriptions to their cognates in other Semitic languages, and stab to link them with the monuments in which <br />the inscriptions were found and the existing  ones. Moreover, the research  reviews  the historical and  geographical distribution of such terms</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/19933851" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="be9487300a124714d7a0c4d3131c721d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":40922815,"asset_id":19933851,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40922815/download_file?st=MTc0MDU4NzQyMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="20353010" href="https://hu-jo.academia.edu/MahdiAlzoubi">Mahdi Alzoubi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="20353010" type="text/json">{"id":20353010,"first_name":"Mahdi","last_name":"Alzoubi","domain_name":"hu-jo","page_name":"MahdiAlzoubi","display_name":"Mahdi Alzoubi","profile_url":"https://hu-jo.academia.edu/MahdiAlzoubi?f_ri=21254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/20353010/5989011/30984642/s65_mahdi.alzoubi.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_19933851 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="19933851"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 19933851, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_19933851", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=19933851]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_19933851").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_19933851").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="19933851"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="130" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_History">Ancient History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="130" type="text/json">{"id":130,"name":"Ancient History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_History?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1709" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Semitic_languages">Semitic languages</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1709" type="text/json">{"id":1709,"name":"Semitic languages","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Semitic_languages?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="17936" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Near_East">Ancient Near East</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="17936" type="text/json">{"id":17936,"name":"Ancient Near East","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Near_East?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="21253" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nabataeans_Classics_">Nabataeans (Classics)</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="21253" type="text/json">{"id":21253,"name":"Nabataeans (Classics)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nabataeans_Classics_?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=19933851]'), work: {"id":19933851,"title":"Nabataean Architectural Terminology","created_at":"2015-12-31T14:48:54.508-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/19933851/Nabataean_Architectural_Terminology?f_ri=21254","dom_id":"work_19933851","summary":"This research aims at studying the Nabataean architectural terms throughout their inscriptions. It demonstrates the Nabataean inscriptions which contain architectural terms and expressions seeking to point out linguistic indications. This also compares the different architectural terms occurred in the Nabataean inscriptions to their cognates in other Semitic languages, and stab to link them with the monuments in which \nthe inscriptions were found and the existing ones. Moreover, the research reviews the historical and geographical distribution of such terms","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":40922815,"asset_id":19933851,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":20353010,"first_name":"Mahdi","last_name":"Alzoubi","domain_name":"hu-jo","page_name":"MahdiAlzoubi","display_name":"Mahdi Alzoubi","profile_url":"https://hu-jo.academia.edu/MahdiAlzoubi?f_ri=21254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/20353010/5989011/30984642/s65_mahdi.alzoubi.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":130,"name":"Ancient History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_History?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true},{"id":1709,"name":"Semitic languages","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Semitic_languages?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true},{"id":17936,"name":"Ancient Near East","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Near_East?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true},{"id":21253,"name":"Nabataeans (Classics)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nabataeans_Classics_?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true},{"id":21254,"name":"Nabataeans (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nabataeans_Archaeology_?f_ri=21254"},{"id":23100,"name":"Northwest Semitic Epigraphy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Northwest_Semitic_Epigraphy?f_ri=21254"},{"id":24215,"name":"Comparative Semitics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Semitics?f_ri=21254"},{"id":54796,"name":"Nabataean Petra","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nabataean_Petra?f_ri=21254"},{"id":112082,"name":"Semitic Philology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Semitic_Philology?f_ri=21254"},{"id":155487,"name":"Nabataeans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nabataeans?f_ri=21254"},{"id":1211336,"name":"Nabataean Inscriptions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nabataean_Inscriptions?f_ri=21254"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_31355499" data-work_id="31355499" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/31355499/Garden_variety_seeds_Botanical_remains_from_the_Petra_Garden_and_Pool_Complex">Garden variety seeds? Botanical remains from the Petra Garden and Pool Complex</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Archaeobotanical samples recovered during the 2004, 2005, 2009 and 2011 excavation seasons at the Petra Garden and Pool Complex in Jordan examined plants that were preserved during different phases of use of the site. The analysis of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_31355499" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Archaeobotanical samples recovered during the 2004, 2005, 2009 and 2011 excavation seasons at the Petra Garden and Pool Complex in Jordan examined plants that were preserved during different phases of use of the site. The analysis of these remains attempts to determine what plants would have been grown in the garden in antiquity. Results indicated that the material recovered likely represented plants that had been preserved elsewhere in the area and then deposited in the garden to act as fertilizer. The remains were generally charred and were probably derived from fuel and/or waste deposits as it does not appear that the garden was catastrophically burned. Although it is difficult to ascertain garden variety plants under these preservation conditions, an analysis of the archaeobotanical data from the Petra Garden and Pool Complex addresses the questions of what and how plants functioned in the local and regional economy, and how the role of the garden changed through time, in addition to providing insight into the general environmental or ecological conditions present in southern Jordan from the Late Hellenistic through Late Byzantine/Post-Classical periods. Though ornamental species represent a small fraction of materials collected, the presence of these taxa may indicate their occurrence in the garden. Even if garden plants are not readily identifiable, this study aids in addressing the larger issues of trade, economy and environment of this ancient city, as well as the feasibility of identifying garden plants in antiquity.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/31355499" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4a3d30ef26f1666bff865538296f5c01" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":51967230,"asset_id":31355499,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51967230/download_file?st=MTc0MDU4NzQyMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="10661832" href="https://brockport.academia.edu/JenniferRamsay">Jennifer Ramsay</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="10661832" type="text/json">{"id":10661832,"first_name":"Jennifer","last_name":"Ramsay","domain_name":"brockport","page_name":"JenniferRamsay","display_name":"Jennifer Ramsay","profile_url":"https://brockport.academia.edu/JenniferRamsay?f_ri=21254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/10661832/9830681/76144890/s65_jennifer.ramsay.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_31355499 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="31355499"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 31355499, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_31355499", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=31355499]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_31355499").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_31355499").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="31355499"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1742" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeobotany">Archaeobotany</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1742" type="text/json">{"id":1742,"name":"Archaeobotany","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeobotany?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14219" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Garden_Archaeology">Garden Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="14219" type="text/json">{"id":14219,"name":"Garden Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Garden_Archaeology?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="21254" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nabataeans_Archaeology_">Nabataeans (Archaeology)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="21254" type="text/json">{"id":21254,"name":"Nabataeans (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nabataeans_Archaeology_?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="23254" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Garden_History">Garden History</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="23254" type="text/json">{"id":23254,"name":"Garden History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Garden_History?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=31355499]'), work: {"id":31355499,"title":"Garden variety seeds? Botanical remains from the Petra Garden and Pool Complex","created_at":"2017-02-10T10:41:48.991-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/31355499/Garden_variety_seeds_Botanical_remains_from_the_Petra_Garden_and_Pool_Complex?f_ri=21254","dom_id":"work_31355499","summary":"Archaeobotanical samples recovered during the 2004, 2005, 2009 and 2011 excavation seasons at the Petra Garden and Pool Complex in Jordan examined plants that were preserved during different phases of use of the site. The analysis of these remains attempts to determine what plants would have been grown in the garden in antiquity. Results indicated that the material recovered likely represented plants that had been preserved elsewhere in the area and then deposited in the garden to act as fertilizer. The remains were generally charred and were probably derived from fuel and/or waste deposits as it does not appear that the garden was catastrophically burned. Although it is difficult to ascertain garden variety plants under these preservation conditions, an analysis of the archaeobotanical data from the Petra Garden and Pool Complex addresses the questions of what and how plants functioned in the local and regional economy, and how the role of the garden changed through time, in addition to providing insight into the general environmental or ecological conditions present in southern Jordan from the Late Hellenistic through Late Byzantine/Post-Classical periods. Though ornamental species represent a small fraction of materials collected, the presence of these taxa may indicate their occurrence in the garden. Even if garden plants are not readily identifiable, this study aids in addressing the larger issues of trade, economy and environment of this ancient city, as well as the feasibility of identifying garden plants in antiquity.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":51967230,"asset_id":31355499,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":10661832,"first_name":"Jennifer","last_name":"Ramsay","domain_name":"brockport","page_name":"JenniferRamsay","display_name":"Jennifer Ramsay","profile_url":"https://brockport.academia.edu/JenniferRamsay?f_ri=21254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/10661832/9830681/76144890/s65_jennifer.ramsay.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1742,"name":"Archaeobotany","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeobotany?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true},{"id":14219,"name":"Garden Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Garden_Archaeology?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true},{"id":21254,"name":"Nabataeans (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nabataeans_Archaeology_?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true},{"id":23254,"name":"Garden History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Garden_History?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true},{"id":44390,"name":"Vegetation History and Archaeobotany","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vegetation_History_and_Archaeobotany?f_ri=21254"},{"id":54796,"name":"Nabataean Petra","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nabataean_Petra?f_ri=21254"},{"id":116775,"name":"Ancient Agriculture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Agriculture?f_ri=21254"},{"id":155486,"name":"Petra","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Petra?f_ri=21254"},{"id":173528,"name":"Archaeology of Jordan","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology_of_Jordan?f_ri=21254"},{"id":628534,"name":"Nabataean Civilisation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nabataean_Civilisation?f_ri=21254"},{"id":634974,"name":"Roman Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Archaeology?f_ri=21254"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_43092469 coauthored" data-work_id="43092469" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/43092469/_The_al_Ula_al_Wajh_Survey_Project_2013_Reconnaissance_Season_By_Zbigniew_T_Fiema_Laila_Nehm%C3%A9_Dhaifallah_al_Talhi_and_Will_Kennedy_ATLAL_28_2020_pp_109_119">"The al-'Ula –al-Wajh Survey Project: 2013 Reconnaissance Season." By Zbigniew T. Fiema, Laila Nehmé, Dhaifallah al-Talhi, and Will Kennedy. ATLAL 28, 2020, pp. 109-119</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/43092469" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6915f650791fdff299d4ffc293186771" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":63346013,"asset_id":43092469,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63346013/download_file?st=MTc0MDU4NzQyMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="21272583" href="https://helsinki.academia.edu/ZbigniewFiema">Zbigniew T Fiema</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="21272583" type="text/json">{"id":21272583,"first_name":"Zbigniew","last_name":"Fiema","domain_name":"helsinki","page_name":"ZbigniewFiema","display_name":"Zbigniew T Fiema","profile_url":"https://helsinki.academia.edu/ZbigniewFiema?f_ri=21254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/21272583/51309456/39376042/s65_zbigniew.fiema.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-43092469">+2</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-43092469"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://cnrs.academia.edu/LailaNehm%C3%A9">Laila Nehmé</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://dainst.academia.edu/WillKennedy">Will Kennedy</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-43092469'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-43092469').html(); 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Rapport des campagnes archéologiques 2018-2019.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Nabataean and Roman places of worship in Petra (2016-2019) Qasr al-Bint Excavation Campaign 2018 Theatre of Wadi Sabra Excavation Campaign 2018 Jabal Khubthah Excavation Campaign 2019 Material studies: Ceramic study Wadi Sabra 2018... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_42441676" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Nabataean and Roman places of worship in Petra (2016-2019) <br />Qasr al-Bint Excavation Campaign 2018 <br />Theatre of Wadi Sabra Excavation Campaign 2018 <br />Jabal Khubthah Excavation Campaign 2019 <br />Material studies: Ceramic study Wadi Sabra 2018 <br />Material studies: Ceramic study Jabal Khubthah 2019</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/42441676" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d0b7903ac6d7347f436480058af2d157" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":62612322,"asset_id":42441676,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/62612322/download_file?st=MTc0MDU4NzQyMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1077127" href="https://ulb.academia.edu/LaurentTholbecq">Laurent Tholbecq</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1077127" type="text/json">{"id":1077127,"first_name":"Laurent","last_name":"Tholbecq","domain_name":"ulb","page_name":"LaurentTholbecq","display_name":"Laurent Tholbecq","profile_url":"https://ulb.academia.edu/LaurentTholbecq?f_ri=21254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1077127/2801159/19850642/s65_laurent.tholbecq.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-42441676">+7</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-42441676"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://ephe-sorbonne.academia.edu/SoizikBechetoille">Soizik Bechetoille</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://helsinki.academia.edu/ZbigniewFiema">Zbigniew T Fiema</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://ifporient.academia.edu/FournetThibaud">Fournet Thibaud</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://ulb.academia.edu/NicolasParidaens">Nicolas Paridaens</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://u-paris10.academia.edu/MichelineKurdy">Micheline Kurdy</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://inrap.academia.edu/Fran%C3%A7oisRenel">François Renel</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://ulb.academia.edu/AnjaStoll">Anja Stoll</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-42441676'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-42441676').html(); 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A review of M. Fischer, M. Gichon, and O. Tal, ‘En Boqeq. Excavations in an Oasis on the Dead Sea. Vol. II. The Officina. An Early Roman Building on the Dead Sea Shore (von Zabern, Mainz 2000).</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/68872801" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="50d4a5f038a37a814428bf55dad62f2c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":79190613,"asset_id":68872801,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/79190613/download_file?st=MTc0MDU4NzQyMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="290641" href="https://bu.academia.edu/AndreaBerlin">Andrea Berlin</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="290641" type="text/json">{"id":290641,"first_name":"Andrea","last_name":"Berlin","domain_name":"bu","page_name":"AndreaBerlin","display_name":"Andrea Berlin","profile_url":"https://bu.academia.edu/AndreaBerlin?f_ri=21254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/290641/58932/1899959/s65_andrea.berlin.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_68872801 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="68872801"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 68872801, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_68872801", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=68872801]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_68872801").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_68872801").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="68872801"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3786" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology_of_Ancient_Israel">Archaeology of Ancient Israel</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3786" type="text/json">{"id":3786,"name":"Archaeology of Ancient Israel","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology_of_Ancient_Israel?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="21254" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nabataeans_Archaeology_">Nabataeans (Archaeology)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="21254" type="text/json">{"id":21254,"name":"Nabataeans (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nabataeans_Archaeology_?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="31854" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hellenistic_Roman_and_Byzantine_Archaeology_in_the_Land_of_Israel">Hellenistic Roman and Byzantine Archaeology in the Land of Israel</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="31854" type="text/json">{"id":31854,"name":"Hellenistic Roman and Byzantine Archaeology in the Land of Israel","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hellenistic_Roman_and_Byzantine_Archaeology_in_the_Land_of_Israel?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="398799" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Cosmetics_and_Perfumes_in_General">History of Cosmetics and Perfumes in General</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="398799" type="text/json">{"id":398799,"name":"History of Cosmetics and Perfumes in General","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Cosmetics_and_Perfumes_in_General?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=68872801]'), work: {"id":68872801,"title":"\"Business at the Bottom of the World.\" A review of M. Fischer, M. Gichon, and O. Tal, ‘En Boqeq. Excavations in an Oasis on the Dead Sea. Vol. II. The Officina. An Early Roman Building on the Dead Sea Shore (von Zabern, Mainz 2000).","created_at":"2022-01-20T12:21:45.180-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/68872801/_Business_at_the_Bottom_of_the_World_A_review_of_M_Fischer_M_Gichon_and_O_Tal_En_Boqeq_Excavations_in_an_Oasis_on_the_Dead_Sea_Vol_II_The_Officina_An_Early_Roman_Building_on_the_Dead_Sea_Shore_von_Zabern_Mainz_2000_?f_ri=21254","dom_id":"work_68872801","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":79190613,"asset_id":68872801,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":290641,"first_name":"Andrea","last_name":"Berlin","domain_name":"bu","page_name":"AndreaBerlin","display_name":"Andrea Berlin","profile_url":"https://bu.academia.edu/AndreaBerlin?f_ri=21254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/290641/58932/1899959/s65_andrea.berlin.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3786,"name":"Archaeology of Ancient Israel","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology_of_Ancient_Israel?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true},{"id":21254,"name":"Nabataeans (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nabataeans_Archaeology_?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true},{"id":31854,"name":"Hellenistic Roman and Byzantine Archaeology in the Land of Israel","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hellenistic_Roman_and_Byzantine_Archaeology_in_the_Land_of_Israel?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true},{"id":398799,"name":"History of Cosmetics and Perfumes in General","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Cosmetics_and_Perfumes_in_General?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true},{"id":634974,"name":"Roman Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Archaeology?f_ri=21254"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_39117353" data-work_id="39117353" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/39117353/Roads_in_the_Deserts_of_Roman_Egypt_Analysis_atlas_commentary">Roads in the Deserts of Roman Egypt: Analysis, atlas, commentary</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Deserts of Egypt in the Roman period (30 BCE - 3rd c. CE) experienced an unprecedented flurry of activity. In the Eastern Desert, a marked increase in the desert traffic came from imperial prospecting/quarrying activities and caravans... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_39117353" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Deserts of Egypt in the Roman period (30 BCE - 3rd c. CE) experienced an unprecedented flurry of activity. In the Eastern Desert, a marked increase in the desert traffic came from imperial prospecting/quarrying activities and caravans transporting wares to and from the Red Sea ports. In the Western Desert, resilient camels slowly became primary beasts of burden in desert travel, enabling caravaneers to lengthen daily marching distances across previously inhospitable dunes. A rapidly developing field, desert road archaeology has used satellite imaging, landscape studies and network analysis to plot desert trail networks with greater accuracy.<br /><br />In his timely monograph, Paprocki compiles and reconsiders the knowledge amassed so far on desert roads in Roman Egypt; he discusses geographical and social factors influencing the road use in the period, demonstrating that Roman overseers of these lands adapted remarkably well to local desert conditions, improving roads just as their predecessors would have done it. Transforming the Sahara—either through establishment of new, artificial activity nodes (resource exploitation, trade, military control) or through augmentation of previous subsistence nodes (water/agriculture)—resulted in marking new desert trails or reopening of the old ones, with activity nodes acting as attractant points funnelling desert traffic into discernible corridors. Not all desert areas of Egypt were equally suited for anthropogenic development, but almost all have been optimised under the Romans in one way or another, with road installations built for added comfort and safety of travellers. This study of how Romans successfully adapted to desert travel will be of interest to all those who study ancient trade networks, deserts and their ongoing expansion due to the global warming.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/39117353" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e62bd6c7194e7aaba795514cd5936027" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":59237647,"asset_id":39117353,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/59237647/download_file?st=MTc0MDU4NzQyMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="702067" href="https://wroc.academia.edu/MaciejPaprocki">Maciej W Paprocki</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="702067" type="text/json">{"id":702067,"first_name":"Maciej","last_name":"Paprocki","domain_name":"wroc","page_name":"MaciejPaprocki","display_name":"Maciej W Paprocki","profile_url":"https://wroc.academia.edu/MaciejPaprocki?f_ri=21254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/702067/517431/75650355/s65_maciej.paprocki.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_39117353 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="39117353"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 39117353, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_39117353", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=39117353]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_39117353").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_39117353").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="39117353"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="130" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_History">Ancient History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="130" type="text/json">{"id":130,"name":"Ancient History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_History?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="392" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology">Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="392" type="text/json">{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3793" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Egyptian_Archaeology">Egyptian Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3793" type="text/json">{"id":3793,"name":"Egyptian Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Egyptian_Archaeology?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="18105" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Graeco-Roman_Egypt">Graeco-Roman Egypt</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="18105" type="text/json">{"id":18105,"name":"Graeco-Roman Egypt","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Graeco-Roman_Egypt?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=39117353]'), work: {"id":39117353,"title":"Roads in the Deserts of Roman Egypt: Analysis, atlas, commentary","created_at":"2019-05-13T11:29:52.292-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/39117353/Roads_in_the_Deserts_of_Roman_Egypt_Analysis_atlas_commentary?f_ri=21254","dom_id":"work_39117353","summary":"Deserts of Egypt in the Roman period (30 BCE - 3rd c. CE) experienced an unprecedented flurry of activity. In the Eastern Desert, a marked increase in the desert traffic came from imperial prospecting/quarrying activities and caravans transporting wares to and from the Red Sea ports. In the Western Desert, resilient camels slowly became primary beasts of burden in desert travel, enabling caravaneers to lengthen daily marching distances across previously inhospitable dunes. A rapidly developing field, desert road archaeology has used satellite imaging, landscape studies and network analysis to plot desert trail networks with greater accuracy.\n\nIn his timely monograph, Paprocki compiles and reconsiders the knowledge amassed so far on desert roads in Roman Egypt; he discusses geographical and social factors influencing the road use in the period, demonstrating that Roman overseers of these lands adapted remarkably well to local desert conditions, improving roads just as their predecessors would have done it. Transforming the Sahara—either through establishment of new, artificial activity nodes (resource exploitation, trade, military control) or through augmentation of previous subsistence nodes (water/agriculture)—resulted in marking new desert trails or reopening of the old ones, with activity nodes acting as attractant points funnelling desert traffic into discernible corridors. Not all desert areas of Egypt were equally suited for anthropogenic development, but almost all have been optimised under the Romans in one way or another, with road installations built for added comfort and safety of travellers. This study of how Romans successfully adapted to desert travel will be of interest to all those who study ancient trade networks, deserts and their ongoing expansion due to the global warming.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":59237647,"asset_id":39117353,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":702067,"first_name":"Maciej","last_name":"Paprocki","domain_name":"wroc","page_name":"MaciejPaprocki","display_name":"Maciej W Paprocki","profile_url":"https://wroc.academia.edu/MaciejPaprocki?f_ri=21254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/702067/517431/75650355/s65_maciej.paprocki.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":130,"name":"Ancient History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_History?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true},{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true},{"id":3793,"name":"Egyptian Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Egyptian_Archaeology?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true},{"id":18105,"name":"Graeco-Roman Egypt","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Graeco-Roman_Egypt?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true},{"id":21254,"name":"Nabataeans (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nabataeans_Archaeology_?f_ri=21254"},{"id":33377,"name":"Roman Egypt","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Egypt?f_ri=21254"},{"id":42716,"name":"Ancient Egyptian Art and Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Egyptian_Art_and_Archaeology?f_ri=21254"},{"id":61960,"name":"Red Sea","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Red_Sea?f_ri=21254"},{"id":114630,"name":"Camels","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Camels?f_ri=21254"},{"id":178039,"name":"Western Desert of Egypt","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_Desert_of_Egypt?f_ri=21254"},{"id":179333,"name":"Eastern Desert of Egypt","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eastern_Desert_of_Egypt?f_ri=21254"},{"id":686311,"name":"Desert Road Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Desert_Road_Archaeology?f_ri=21254"},{"id":1292114,"name":"Desert Roads","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Desert_Roads?f_ri=21254"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_3113497" data-work_id="3113497" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3113497/Inscriptional_Evidence_of_Pre_Islamic_Classical_Arabic_Selected_Readings_in_the_Nabataean_Musnad_and_Akkadian_Inscriptions">Inscriptional Evidence of Pre-Islamic Classical Arabic: Selected Readings in the Nabataean, Musnad, and Akkadian Inscriptions</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This book discusses a highly-debated research topic regarding the history of the Arabic language. It investigates exhaustively the ancient roots of Classical Arabic through detailed tracings and readings of selected ancient inscriptions... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_3113497" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This book discusses a highly-debated research topic regarding the history of the Arabic language. It investigates exhaustively the ancient roots of Classical Arabic through detailed tracings and readings of selected ancient inscriptions from the Northern and Southern Arabian Peninsula. Specifically, this book provides detailed readings of important Nabataean, Musnad, and Akkadian inscriptions, including the Namarah inscription and the Epic of Gilgamesh. In his book, the author, a known Arabic type designer and independent scholar, provides clear indisputable transcriptional material evidence indicating Classical Arabic was utilized in major population centers of the greater Arabian Peninsula, many centuries before Islam. He presents for the first time a new clear reading of Classical Arabic poetry verses written in the Nabataean script and dated to the first century CE. Furthermore, he offers for the first time a clear detailed Classical Arabic reading of a sample text from two ancient editions of the Mesopotamian Epic of Gilgamesh, separated by more than1000 years. Throughout his readings, the author provides verifiable evidence from major historical Arabic etymological dictionaries, dated many centuries ago. The abundant of in-depth analysis, images, and detailed original tables in this book makes it a very suitable reference for both scholars and students in academic and research institutions, and for independent learners. <br /> <br /><a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=r3SsGB336osC&lpg=PP1&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=false" rel="nofollow">http://books.google.com/books?id=r3SsGB336osC&lpg=PP1&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=false</a></div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/3113497" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ce9b7baf36295d1bbdc7d8233dbc3c73" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":54282934,"asset_id":3113497,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/54282934/download_file?st=MTc0MDU4NzQyMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1818969" href="https://cuny.academia.edu/SaadAbulhab">Saad D Abulhab</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1818969" type="text/json">{"id":1818969,"first_name":"Saad","last_name":"Abulhab","domain_name":"cuny","page_name":"SaadAbulhab","display_name":"Saad D Abulhab","profile_url":"https://cuny.academia.edu/SaadAbulhab?f_ri=21254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1818969/620441/16104599/s65_saad.abulhab.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_3113497 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="3113497"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 3113497, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_3113497", }); 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It investigates exhaustively the ancient roots of Classical Arabic through detailed tracings and readings of selected ancient inscriptions from the Northern and Southern Arabian Peninsula. Specifically, this book provides detailed readings of important Nabataean, Musnad, and Akkadian inscriptions, including the Namarah inscription and the Epic of Gilgamesh. In his book, the author, a known Arabic type designer and independent scholar, provides clear indisputable transcriptional material evidence indicating Classical Arabic was utilized in major population centers of the greater Arabian Peninsula, many centuries before Islam. He presents for the first time a new clear reading of Classical Arabic poetry verses written in the Nabataean script and dated to the first century CE. Furthermore, he offers for the first time a clear detailed Classical Arabic reading of a sample text from two ancient editions of the Mesopotamian Epic of Gilgamesh, separated by more than1000 years. Throughout his readings, the author provides verifiable evidence from major historical Arabic etymological dictionaries, dated many centuries ago. The abundant of in-depth analysis, images, and detailed original tables in this book makes it a very suitable reference for both scholars and students in academic and research institutions, and for independent learners.\r\n\r\nhttp://books.google.com/books?id=r3SsGB336osC\u0026lpg=PP1\u0026pg=PP1#v=onepage\u0026q\u0026f=false ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":54282934,"asset_id":3113497,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1818969,"first_name":"Saad","last_name":"Abulhab","domain_name":"cuny","page_name":"SaadAbulhab","display_name":"Saad D Abulhab","profile_url":"https://cuny.academia.edu/SaadAbulhab?f_ri=21254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1818969/620441/16104599/s65_saad.abulhab.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":393,"name":"Classical Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classical_Archaeology?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true},{"id":1528,"name":"Arabic Poetry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arabic_Poetry?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true},{"id":1764,"name":"Assyriology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Assyriology?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true},{"id":2722,"name":"Arabic Language and Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arabic_Language_and_Linguistics?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true},{"id":4173,"name":"Hebrew Bible","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hebrew_Bible?f_ri=21254"},{"id":17936,"name":"Ancient Near East","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Near_East?f_ri=21254"},{"id":19335,"name":"Ancient myth and religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_myth_and_religion?f_ri=21254"},{"id":20184,"name":"Akkadian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Akkadian?f_ri=21254"},{"id":21254,"name":"Nabataeans (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nabataeans_Archaeology_?f_ri=21254"},{"id":32296,"name":"Ancient Near East (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Near_East_Archaeology_?f_ri=21254"},{"id":36589,"name":"Yemen (History)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Yemen_History_?f_ri=21254"},{"id":41681,"name":"Aramaic inscriptions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aramaic_inscriptions?f_ri=21254"},{"id":60095,"name":"Gilgamesh Epic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gilgamesh_Epic?f_ri=21254"},{"id":79983,"name":"Cult","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cult?f_ri=21254"},{"id":105301,"name":"Temples","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Temples?f_ri=21254"},{"id":181384,"name":"Royal Inscriptions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Royal_Inscriptions?f_ri=21254"},{"id":188771,"name":"Idolatry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Idolatry?f_ri=21254"},{"id":536164,"name":"Epic of Gilgamesh","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epic_of_Gilgamesh?f_ri=21254"},{"id":978424,"name":"Wisdome Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wisdome_Literature?f_ri=21254"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_11984849" data-work_id="11984849" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/11984849/Nabataean_agriculture_Myth_and_reality">Nabataean agriculture: Myth and reality</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Journal of Arid Environments 86 (2012) 50-54. For many decades, the agricultural installations present throughout the hyper-arid Negev Highlands in southern Israel have been attributed to the ancient Nabataeans. In this article, the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_11984849" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Journal of Arid Environments 86 (2012) 50-54. <br />For many decades, the agricultural installations present throughout the hyper-arid Negev Highlands in southern Israel have been attributed to the ancient Nabataeans. In this article, the origin of this theory will be examined together with past and current research concerning the development of agriculture <br />among the Nabataeans. The earliest form of agriculture among the Nabataeans appears to have been <br />spring-water irrigation. Run-off farming using barrages and terraces appear to have been a later <br />development in the Negev Highlands and this form of agriculture became wide-spread in the Late <br />Antique period (4the7th centuries CE)following the collapse of long-distance trade in the 3rd century CE.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/11984849" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c5b449b2ef6d0b1fca34362028b535d9" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":61213179,"asset_id":11984849,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/61213179/download_file?st=MTc0MDU4NzQyMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4312061" href="https://independent.academia.edu/TaliGini">Tali Erickson-Gini</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4312061" type="text/json">{"id":4312061,"first_name":"Tali","last_name":"Erickson-Gini","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"TaliGini","display_name":"Tali Erickson-Gini","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/TaliGini?f_ri=21254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4312061/110468346/99715784/s65_tali.erickson-gini.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_11984849 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="11984849"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 11984849, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_11984849", }); 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In this article, the origin of this theory will be examined together with past and current research concerning the development of agriculture\r\namong the Nabataeans. The earliest form of agriculture among the Nabataeans appears to have been\r\nspring-water irrigation. Run-off farming using barrages and terraces appear to have been a later\r\ndevelopment in the Negev Highlands and this form of agriculture became wide-spread in the Late\r\nAntique period (4the7th centuries CE)following the collapse of long-distance trade in the 3rd century CE.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":61213179,"asset_id":11984849,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4312061,"first_name":"Tali","last_name":"Erickson-Gini","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"TaliGini","display_name":"Tali Erickson-Gini","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/TaliGini?f_ri=21254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4312061/110468346/99715784/s65_tali.erickson-gini.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":21254,"name":"Nabataeans (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nabataeans_Archaeology_?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true},{"id":33104,"name":"Ancient Agriculture \u0026 Farming (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Agriculture_and_Farming_Archaeology_?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true},{"id":35555,"name":"Cisterns (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cisterns_Archaeology_?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true},{"id":64005,"name":"Ancient Water Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Water_Technology?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true},{"id":116775,"name":"Ancient Agriculture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Agriculture?f_ri=21254"},{"id":366635,"name":"Negev","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Negev?f_ri=21254"},{"id":622551,"name":"Ancient Cistern Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Cistern_Technology?f_ri=21254"},{"id":628534,"name":"Nabataean Civilisation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nabataean_Civilisation?f_ri=21254"},{"id":737406,"name":"Spring Water Sources","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spring_Water_Sources?f_ri=21254"},{"id":853640,"name":"Archaeology of the Negev and Sinai","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology_of_the_Negev_and_Sinai?f_ri=21254"},{"id":1033640,"name":"Byzantine Ancient Wine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Byzantine_Ancient_Wine?f_ri=21254"},{"id":1051627,"name":"Wadi Araba (Arava Valley)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wadi_Araba_Arava_Valley_?f_ri=21254"},{"id":1334238,"name":"Negev Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Negev_Archaeology?f_ri=21254"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_37336418" data-work_id="37336418" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37336418/Decoding_Nabataean_Betyls_in_H_K%C3%BChne_R_M_Czichon_F_J_Kreppner_ed_Proceedings_of_the_4th_International_Congress_on_the_Archaeology_of_the_Ancient_Near_East_29_March_3_April_2004_Freie_Universit%C3%A4t_Berlin_Vol_1_Wiesbaden_2008_613_619">Decoding Nabataean Betyls, in H. Kühne – R. M. Czichon – F. J. Kreppner(ed.), Proceedings of the 4th International Congress on the Archaeology of the Ancient Near East, 29 March – 3 April 2004, Freie Universität Berlin, Vol. 1, Wiesbaden 2008, 613-619.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37336418" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="66e8d449d31ca353ebe549c50f20bcdb" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":57295867,"asset_id":37336418,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57295867/download_file?st=MTc0MDU4NzQyMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="79644689" href="https://uni-m.academia.edu/RobertWenning">Robert Wenning</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="79644689" type="text/json">{"id":79644689,"first_name":"Robert","last_name":"Wenning","domain_name":"uni-m","page_name":"RobertWenning","display_name":"Robert Wenning","profile_url":"https://uni-m.academia.edu/RobertWenning?f_ri=21254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/79644689/20375410/20054423/s65_robert.wenning.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_37336418 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="37336418"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 37336418, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_37336418", }); 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u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1958673" data-work_id="1958673" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1958673/%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A1%D8%A9_%D9%86%D9%82%D8%B4%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%86">قراءة نقشي النمارة وام الجمال النبطيين</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">قراءة جديدة شاملة لنقشي النمارة وام الجمال الاول، نبطيا وعربيا، تصحح اخطاء قراءات المستشرقين لهذين النقشين في القرن الماضي</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" 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href="https://www.academia.edu/40753579/Arch%C3%A9ologie_au_pays_des_Nabat%C3%A9ens_dArabie_Guide_de_H%C3%A9gra">Archéologie au pays des Nabatéens d'Arabie. Guide de Hégra</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This book (in French), translation in English to come in 2020, is a 264 page volume divided in two sections: 1/ several chapters on the environment of Madâin Sâlih, ancient Hegra, in northwest Arabia, the history of research, the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_40753579" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This book (in French), translation in English to come in 2020, is a 264 page volume divided in two sections: 1/ several chapters on the environment of Madâin Sâlih, ancient Hegra, in northwest Arabia, the history of research, the Nabataeans, their history, religion, scripts and languages, funerary rituals, carving techniques, etc.; 2/ a detailed visit of the site of ancient Hegra.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/40753579" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="52c2dc004c87689072ca4747c29d45be" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":61034856,"asset_id":40753579,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/61034856/download_file?st=MTc0MDU4NzQyMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2173302" href="https://cnrs.academia.edu/LailaNehm%C3%A9">Laila Nehmé</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2173302" type="text/json">{"id":2173302,"first_name":"Laila","last_name":"Nehmé","domain_name":"cnrs","page_name":"LailaNehmé","display_name":"Laila Nehmé","profile_url":"https://cnrs.academia.edu/LailaNehm%C3%A9?f_ri=21254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2173302/2693383/22438418/s65_laila.nehm_.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_40753579 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="40753579"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 40753579, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_40753579", }); 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Mouton – S. G. Schmid (eds.): Men on the Rocks. The Formation of Nabataean Petra. Proceedings of a conference held in Berlin 2-4 December 2011, Berlin 2013, 7-22.","created_at":"2018-09-03T11:52:38.118-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/37336585/Towards_Early_Petra_an_overview_of_the_early_history_of_the_Nabataeans_in_its_context_in_M_Mouton_S_G_Schmid_eds_Men_on_the_Rocks_The_Formation_of_Nabataean_Petra_Proceedings_of_a_conference_held_in_Berlin_2_4_December_2011_Berlin_2013_7_22?f_ri=21254","dom_id":"work_37336585","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":57296063,"asset_id":37336585,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":79644689,"first_name":"Robert","last_name":"Wenning","domain_name":"uni-m","page_name":"RobertWenning","display_name":"Robert Wenning","profile_url":"https://uni-m.academia.edu/RobertWenning?f_ri=21254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/79644689/20375410/20054423/s65_robert.wenning.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":21254,"name":"Nabataeans 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Humayma","created_at":"2021-02-27T09:56:22.156-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/45233616/Shedding_Light_on_an_Ancient_Past_The_Analysis_of_Ceramic_Oil_Lamps_from_the_Roman_Fort_at_Humayma?f_ri=21254","dom_id":"work_45233616","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":65807737,"asset_id":45233616,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":118541614,"first_name":"Lilly","last_name":"Hickox","domain_name":"uni-bonn","page_name":"LillyHickox","display_name":"Lilly Hickox","profile_url":"https://uni-bonn.academia.edu/LillyHickox?f_ri=21254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/118541614/172416271/162419155/s65_lilly.hickox.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":14641,"name":"Byzantine Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Byzantine_Archaeology?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true},{"id":21254,"name":"Nabataeans (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nabataeans_Archaeology_?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true},{"id":26862,"name":"Roman Arabia (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Arabia_Archaeology_?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true},{"id":86525,"name":"Roman Lamps","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Lamps?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true},{"id":1011022,"name":"Ceramic Oil Lamps","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ceramic_Oil_Lamps?f_ri=21254"},{"id":2501434,"name":"Humayma","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humayma?f_ri=21254"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_7276266" data-work_id="7276266" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/7276266/Nabatean_Petras_stonemasonry_techniques_and_materials">Nabatean Petra's stonemasonry techniques and materials</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">However Romanized Petra became during and after its annexation in 106AD, during its Nabataean heydays, their stonemasonry, like their architecture, hydraulic engineering, and theology may have been unique to their society and empire.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_7276266" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">However Romanized Petra became during and after its annexation in 106AD, during its Nabataean heydays, their stonemasonry, like their architecture, hydraulic engineering, and theology may have been unique to their society and empire. Across the region, period stone chisels, hammers, axes, and surveying devices (i.e. groma, plumb bobs) are known. Even the form and dimensions of major structures, like Petra's Theater may be attributed to classical Vitruvian Roman design. The craft of masonry, and surface dressing span more than eight millennia. So, understanding which dressing and chisel marks are made by which stone chisel can be straightforward , and the thrust of this study. By examining the chisel marks and dressing, in conjunction to the substrate lithology (sandstone, limestone, basalt), this paper speculates as to the chisels utilized by Nabataean and Roman period masons, and their relation to the stone material used. Linking chisel marks to sculptural and dressed motifs is crucial in understanding Petra's trade economy, and the craftsmen community during its period of extensive growth (50BC--350AD). Moreover, associations were made between rock type, dressing type, and motif.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/7276266" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="722dff666456e04a270156ba4d55cc3c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":33886796,"asset_id":7276266,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/33886796/download_file?st=MTc0MDU4NzQyMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1039011" href="https://uark.academia.edu/ThomasParadise">Thomas R Paradise</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1039011" type="text/json">{"id":1039011,"first_name":"Thomas","last_name":"Paradise","domain_name":"uark","page_name":"ThomasParadise","display_name":"Thomas R Paradise","profile_url":"https://uark.academia.edu/ThomasParadise?f_ri=21254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1039011/359230/101534092/s65_thomas.paradise.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_7276266 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="7276266"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 7276266, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_7276266", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=7276266]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_7276266").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_7276266").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="7276266"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="21254" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nabataeans_Archaeology_">Nabataeans (Archaeology)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="21254" type="text/json">{"id":21254,"name":"Nabataeans (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nabataeans_Archaeology_?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="54796" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nabataean_Petra">Nabataean Petra</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="54796" type="text/json">{"id":54796,"name":"Nabataean Petra","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nabataean_Petra?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="453808" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nabataens_and_Nabataea">Nabataens and Nabataea</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="453808" type="text/json">{"id":453808,"name":"Nabataens and Nabataea","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nabataens_and_Nabataea?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=7276266]'), work: {"id":7276266,"title":"Nabatean Petra's stonemasonry techniques and materials","created_at":"2014-06-06T06:11:57.521-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/7276266/Nabatean_Petras_stonemasonry_techniques_and_materials?f_ri=21254","dom_id":"work_7276266","summary":"However Romanized Petra became during and after its annexation in 106AD, during its Nabataean heydays, their stonemasonry, like their architecture, hydraulic engineering, and theology may have been unique to their society and empire. Across the region, period stone chisels, hammers, axes, and surveying devices (i.e. groma, plumb bobs) are known. Even the form and dimensions of major structures, like Petra's Theater may be attributed to classical Vitruvian Roman design. The craft of masonry, and surface dressing span more than eight millennia. So, understanding which dressing and chisel marks are made by which stone chisel can be straightforward , and the thrust of this study. By examining the chisel marks and dressing, in conjunction to the substrate lithology (sandstone, limestone, basalt), this paper speculates as to the chisels utilized by Nabataean and Roman period masons, and their relation to the stone material used. Linking chisel marks to sculptural and dressed motifs is crucial in understanding Petra's trade economy, and the craftsmen community during its period of extensive growth (50BC--350AD). Moreover, associations were made between rock type, dressing type, and motif.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":33886796,"asset_id":7276266,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1039011,"first_name":"Thomas","last_name":"Paradise","domain_name":"uark","page_name":"ThomasParadise","display_name":"Thomas R Paradise","profile_url":"https://uark.academia.edu/ThomasParadise?f_ri=21254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1039011/359230/101534092/s65_thomas.paradise.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":21254,"name":"Nabataeans (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nabataeans_Archaeology_?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true},{"id":54796,"name":"Nabataean Petra","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nabataean_Petra?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true},{"id":453808,"name":"Nabataens and Nabataea","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nabataens_and_Nabataea?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_40019099" data-work_id="40019099" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/40019099/Rom_und_die_Fernhandelswege_durch_Arabien">Rom und die Fernhandelswege durch Arabien</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Road maps of the Roman Empire usually show a reticulate network of local and long distance routes stretching to the very limits of the Imperium Romanum, where all roads suddenly appear to end. Although the physical remains of Roman roads... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_40019099" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Road maps of the Roman Empire usually show a reticulate network of local and long distance routes stretching to the very limits of the Imperium Romanum, where all roads suddenly appear to end. Although the physical remains of Roman roads clearly show that Rome constructed its road system only within the empire's boundaries, they also reveal that this was not done to a single empire-wide standard. Nor did Rome's interest in road connections end where provincial territory did. This contribution discusses new epigraphic and archaeological evidence from the territory of the former Nabataean kingdom that illustrates how, in the early decades of the new province of Arabia, the purpose that a certain road was expected to serve determined the standards to which it was constructed.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/40019099" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="29300c507516454f82cfc088d2ede2ed" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":60214167,"asset_id":40019099,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/60214167/download_file?st=MTc0MDU4NzQyMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1336099" href="https://uzh.academia.edu/MichaelAlexanderSpeidel">Michael Alexander Speidel</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1336099" type="text/json">{"id":1336099,"first_name":"Michael Alexander","last_name":"Speidel","domain_name":"uzh","page_name":"MichaelAlexanderSpeidel","display_name":"Michael Alexander Speidel","profile_url":"https://uzh.academia.edu/MichaelAlexanderSpeidel?f_ri=21254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1336099/16933708/17148263/s65_michael_alexander.speidel.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_40019099 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="40019099"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 40019099, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_40019099", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=40019099]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_40019099").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_40019099").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="40019099"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">17</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="128" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History">History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="128" type="text/json">{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="130" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_History">Ancient History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="130" type="text/json">{"id":130,"name":"Ancient History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_History?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="133" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_History">Military History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="133" type="text/json">{"id":133,"name":"Military History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_History?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="137" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_History">Economic History</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="137" type="text/json">{"id":137,"name":"Economic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_History?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=40019099]'), work: {"id":40019099,"title":"Rom und die Fernhandelswege durch Arabien","created_at":"2019-08-05T23:33:01.272-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/40019099/Rom_und_die_Fernhandelswege_durch_Arabien?f_ri=21254","dom_id":"work_40019099","summary":"Road maps of the Roman Empire usually show a reticulate network of local and long distance routes stretching to the very limits of the Imperium Romanum, where all roads suddenly appear to end. Although the physical remains of Roman roads clearly show that Rome constructed its road system only within the empire's boundaries, they also reveal that this was not done to a single empire-wide standard. Nor did Rome's interest in road connections end where provincial territory did. This contribution discusses new epigraphic and archaeological evidence from the territory of the former Nabataean kingdom that illustrates how, in the early decades of the new province of Arabia, the purpose that a certain road was expected to serve determined the standards to which it was constructed.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":60214167,"asset_id":40019099,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1336099,"first_name":"Michael Alexander","last_name":"Speidel","domain_name":"uzh","page_name":"MichaelAlexanderSpeidel","display_name":"Michael Alexander Speidel","profile_url":"https://uzh.academia.edu/MichaelAlexanderSpeidel?f_ri=21254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1336099/16933708/17148263/s65_michael_alexander.speidel.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true},{"id":130,"name":"Ancient History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_History?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true},{"id":133,"name":"Military History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_History?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true},{"id":137,"name":"Economic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_History?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true},{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=21254"},{"id":829,"name":"Roman History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_History?f_ri=21254"},{"id":17936,"name":"Ancient Near East","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Near_East?f_ri=21254"},{"id":21254,"name":"Nabataeans (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nabataeans_Archaeology_?f_ri=21254"},{"id":21324,"name":"Roman Army","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Army?f_ri=21254"},{"id":21578,"name":"Roman Epigraphy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Epigraphy?f_ri=21254"},{"id":22701,"name":"Roman roads","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_roads?f_ri=21254"},{"id":23555,"name":"Roman Empire","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Empire?f_ri=21254"},{"id":23640,"name":"Roman Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Economy?f_ri=21254"},{"id":50663,"name":"Roman imperialism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_imperialism?f_ri=21254"},{"id":54796,"name":"Nabataean Petra","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nabataean_Petra?f_ri=21254"},{"id":112084,"name":"History of Pre-Islamic Arabia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Pre-Islamic_Arabia?f_ri=21254"},{"id":634974,"name":"Roman Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Archaeology?f_ri=21254"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_36778827" data-work_id="36778827" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36778827/The_Adventure_of_the_Illustrious_Scholar_Papers_Presented_to_Oscar_White_Muscarella_2018_">The Adventure of the Illustrious Scholar: Papers Presented to Oscar White Muscarella (2018)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Simpson, E., ed. The Adventure of the Illustrious Scholar: Papers Presented to Oscar White Muscarella. Leiden: Brill, 2018. The Adventure of the Illustrious Scholar: Papers Presented to Oscar White Muscarella, edited by Elizabeth... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_36778827" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Simpson, E., ed. The Adventure of the Illustrious Scholar: Papers Presented to Oscar White Muscarella. Leiden: Brill, 2018.<br /><br />The Adventure of the Illustrious Scholar: Papers Presented to Oscar White Muscarella, edited by Elizabeth Simpson, is a Festschrift celebrating the career of one of the foremost archaeologists of the ancient Near East. Oscar Muscarella is a former curator at the Metropolitan Museum of Art and a formidable scholar who has excavated at sites in Turkey, Iran, and the United States. He has published eight books and nearly 200 articles, excavation reports, and reviews on topics ranging from the arts of antiquity and the importance of connoisseurship, to the difficulties of dating and the problems of forgeries, the looting of ancient sites, and the antiquities trade. The forty-seven contributors are experts in the areas of Muscarella's interests and are major scholars in their fields. This volume constitutes an unusual, important, and timely addition to the archaeological and art historical literature.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/36778827" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="fe9745ca037e5fb1249bde7b768f9b62" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":57094138,"asset_id":36778827,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57094138/download_file?st=MTc0MDU4NzQyMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3508664" href="https://bard.academia.edu/ElizabethSimpson">Elizabeth Simpson</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3508664" type="text/json">{"id":3508664,"first_name":"Elizabeth","last_name":"Simpson","domain_name":"bard","page_name":"ElizabethSimpson","display_name":"Elizabeth Simpson","profile_url":"https://bard.academia.edu/ElizabethSimpson?f_ri=21254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3508664/2046005/2410304/s65_elizabeth.simpson.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_36778827 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="36778827"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 36778827, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_36778827", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_36778827 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36778827; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_36778827"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_36778827 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="36778827"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36778827; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=36778827]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_36778827").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_36778827").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="36778827"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">156</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl11x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="394" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Egyptology">Egyptology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="394" type="text/json">{"id":394,"name":"Egyptology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Egyptology?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="397" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Near_Eastern_Archaeology">Near Eastern Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="397" type="text/json">{"id":397,"name":"Near Eastern Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Near_Eastern_Archaeology?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1657" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Museum_Studies">Museum Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1657" type="text/json">{"id":1657,"name":"Museum Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Museum_Studies?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1692" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Egyptian_Art_and_Archaeology">Egyptian Art and Archaeology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1692" type="text/json">{"id":1692,"name":"Egyptian Art and Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Egyptian_Art_and_Archaeology?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=36778827]'), work: {"id":36778827,"title":"The Adventure of the Illustrious Scholar: Papers Presented to Oscar White Muscarella (2018)","created_at":"2018-06-04T15:04:11.106-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/36778827/The_Adventure_of_the_Illustrious_Scholar_Papers_Presented_to_Oscar_White_Muscarella_2018_?f_ri=21254","dom_id":"work_36778827","summary":"Simpson, E., ed. The Adventure of the Illustrious Scholar: Papers Presented to Oscar White Muscarella. Leiden: Brill, 2018.\n\nThe Adventure of the Illustrious Scholar: Papers Presented to Oscar White Muscarella, edited by Elizabeth Simpson, is a Festschrift celebrating the career of one of the foremost archaeologists of the ancient Near East. Oscar Muscarella is a former curator at the Metropolitan Museum of Art and a formidable scholar who has excavated at sites in Turkey, Iran, and the United States. He has published eight books and nearly 200 articles, excavation reports, and reviews on topics ranging from the arts of antiquity and the importance of connoisseurship, to the difficulties of dating and the problems of forgeries, the looting of ancient sites, and the antiquities trade. The forty-seven contributors are experts in the areas of Muscarella's interests and are major scholars in their fields. This volume constitutes an unusual, important, and timely addition to the archaeological and art historical literature.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":57094138,"asset_id":36778827,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false},{"id":57102717,"asset_id":36778827,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3508664,"first_name":"Elizabeth","last_name":"Simpson","domain_name":"bard","page_name":"ElizabethSimpson","display_name":"Elizabeth Simpson","profile_url":"https://bard.academia.edu/ElizabethSimpson?f_ri=21254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3508664/2046005/2410304/s65_elizabeth.simpson.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":394,"name":"Egyptology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Egyptology?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true},{"id":397,"name":"Near Eastern Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Near_Eastern_Archaeology?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true},{"id":1657,"name":"Museum 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Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Troy_Studies?f_ri=21254"},{"id":1177813,"name":"Kerkenes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kerkenes?f_ri=21254"},{"id":1246107,"name":"Marlik","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marlik?f_ri=21254"},{"id":1247146,"name":"Phrygian Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phrygian_Art?f_ri=21254"},{"id":1371735,"name":"Uluburun Wrek","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Uluburun_Wrek?f_ri=21254"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1850853" data-work_id="1850853" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1850853/Nabataean_Dushara_Dusares_an_overlooked_cuirassed_god">Nabataean Dushara (Dusares) - an overlooked cuirassed god</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This paper sheds new light on the images of the Nabataean god Dushārā on the coins of Roman Bostra under Commodus, Caracalla and Philip the Arab. It analyses and interprets for the first time iconographic details such as the god's... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_1850853" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper sheds new light on the images of the Nabataean god Dushārā on the coins of Roman Bostra under Commodus, Caracalla and Philip the Arab. It analyses and interprets for the first time iconographic details such as the god's cuirass, his Alexander-like hairstyle and the assimilation of his facial features to the emperor of the day on the coin obverses. This study argues that Dushārā's image is a late ad-hoc creation for a local Bostran context that did not travel far beyond the city. Alongside the anthropomorphic representation, Dushārā continued to be depicted and worshipped in the form of a betyl at Bostra, Petra and throughout the Roman province of Arabia.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1850853" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ee2974ae7e3bfcf3ada91acff3814894" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":74742307,"asset_id":1850853,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/74742307/download_file?st=MTc0MDU4NzQyMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="223829" href="https://nottingham.academia.edu/AndreasKropp">Andreas Kropp</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="223829" type="text/json">{"id":223829,"first_name":"Andreas","last_name":"Kropp","domain_name":"nottingham","page_name":"AndreasKropp","display_name":"Andreas Kropp","profile_url":"https://nottingham.academia.edu/AndreasKropp?f_ri=21254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/223829/50278/4804050/s65_andreas.kropp.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1850853 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1850853"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1850853, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_1850853", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1850853]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_1850853").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_1850853").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="1850853"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15391" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Syria">Syria</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="15391" type="text/json">{"id":15391,"name":"Syria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Syria?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="17987" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_numismatics_Archaeology_">Ancient numismatics (Archaeology)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="17987" type="text/json">{"id":17987,"name":"Ancient numismatics (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_numismatics_Archaeology_?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="21254" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nabataeans_Archaeology_">Nabataeans (Archaeology)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="21254" type="text/json">{"id":21254,"name":"Nabataeans (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nabataeans_Archaeology_?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="29392" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Roman_Numismatics">Ancient Roman Numismatics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="29392" type="text/json">{"id":29392,"name":"Ancient Roman Numismatics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Roman_Numismatics?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=1850853]'), work: {"id":1850853,"title":"Nabataean Dushara (Dusares) - an overlooked cuirassed god","created_at":"2012-08-11T05:07:24.833-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/1850853/Nabataean_Dushara_Dusares_an_overlooked_cuirassed_god?f_ri=21254","dom_id":"work_1850853","summary":"This paper sheds new light on the images of the Nabataean god Dushārā on the coins of Roman Bostra under Commodus, Caracalla and Philip the Arab. It analyses and interprets for the first time iconographic details such as the god's cuirass, his Alexander-like hairstyle and the assimilation of his facial features to the emperor of the day on the coin obverses. This study argues that Dushārā's image is a late ad-hoc creation for a local Bostran context that did not travel far beyond the city. Alongside the anthropomorphic representation, Dushārā continued to be depicted and worshipped in the form of a betyl at Bostra, Petra and throughout the Roman province of Arabia.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":74742307,"asset_id":1850853,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":223829,"first_name":"Andreas","last_name":"Kropp","domain_name":"nottingham","page_name":"AndreasKropp","display_name":"Andreas Kropp","profile_url":"https://nottingham.academia.edu/AndreasKropp?f_ri=21254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/223829/50278/4804050/s65_andreas.kropp.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":15391,"name":"Syria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Syria?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true},{"id":17987,"name":"Ancient numismatics (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_numismatics_Archaeology_?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true},{"id":21254,"name":"Nabataeans (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nabataeans_Archaeology_?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true},{"id":29392,"name":"Ancient Roman Numismatics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Roman_Numismatics?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true},{"id":48467,"name":"Roman Near East","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Near_East?f_ri=21254"},{"id":563340,"name":"Hauran","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hauran?f_ri=21254"},{"id":563342,"name":"Bostra","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bostra?f_ri=21254"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_52931844" data-work_id="52931844" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/52931844/Piecing_Together_the_Religion_of_the_Nabataeans">Piecing Together the Religion of the Nabataeans</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The legacy of one ancient Arabian people, the Nabataeans, is rich in material remains: the rock-carved monuments of Petra, their delicately crafted pottery vessels, and huge desert cisterns and aqueducts, to name only a few. Unlike their... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_52931844" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The legacy of one ancient Arabian people, the Nabataeans, is rich in material remains: the rock-carved monuments of Petra, their delicately crafted pottery vessels, and huge desert cisterns and aqueducts, to name only a few. Unlike their neighbors to the north in ancient Judea, the Nabataeans did not leave a written history of themselves, and what is known about them is mainly derived from non-Nabataean sources: the reports of Greeks and Romans and the Jewish historian, Flavius Josephus. Our knowledge of the religion of the Nabataeans must be pieced together from fragmentary historical and epigraphic evidence as well as the mute evidence provided by the archeological record.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/52931844" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="abbdb19daa4e49b275f401b7afe344f3" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":69955516,"asset_id":52931844,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/69955516/download_file?st=MTc0MDU4NzQyMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4312061" href="https://independent.academia.edu/TaliGini">Tali Erickson-Gini</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4312061" type="text/json">{"id":4312061,"first_name":"Tali","last_name":"Erickson-Gini","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"TaliGini","display_name":"Tali Erickson-Gini","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/TaliGini?f_ri=21254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4312061/110468346/99715784/s65_tali.erickson-gini.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_52931844 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="52931844"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 52931844, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_52931844", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=52931844]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_52931844").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_52931844").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="52931844"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7482" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Mediterranean_Religions">Ancient Mediterranean Religions</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7482" type="text/json">{"id":7482,"name":"Ancient Mediterranean Religions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Mediterranean_Religions?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="19335" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_myth_and_religion">Ancient myth and religion</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="19335" type="text/json">{"id":19335,"name":"Ancient myth and religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_myth_and_religion?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="21253" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nabataeans_Classics_">Nabataeans (Classics)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="21253" type="text/json">{"id":21253,"name":"Nabataeans (Classics)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nabataeans_Classics_?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="21254" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nabataeans_Archaeology_">Nabataeans (Archaeology)</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="21254" type="text/json">{"id":21254,"name":"Nabataeans (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nabataeans_Archaeology_?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=52931844]'), work: {"id":52931844,"title":"Piecing Together the Religion of the Nabataeans","created_at":"2021-09-19T23:13:48.540-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/52931844/Piecing_Together_the_Religion_of_the_Nabataeans?f_ri=21254","dom_id":"work_52931844","summary":"The legacy of one ancient Arabian people, the Nabataeans, is rich in material remains: the rock-carved monuments of Petra, their delicately crafted pottery vessels, and huge desert cisterns and aqueducts, to name only a few. Unlike their neighbors to the north in ancient Judea, the Nabataeans did not leave a written history of themselves, and what is known about them is mainly derived from non-Nabataean sources: the reports of Greeks and Romans and the Jewish historian, Flavius Josephus. Our knowledge of the religion of the Nabataeans must be pieced together from fragmentary historical and epigraphic evidence as well as the mute evidence provided by the archeological record.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":69955516,"asset_id":52931844,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4312061,"first_name":"Tali","last_name":"Erickson-Gini","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"TaliGini","display_name":"Tali Erickson-Gini","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/TaliGini?f_ri=21254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4312061/110468346/99715784/s65_tali.erickson-gini.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7482,"name":"Ancient Mediterranean Religions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Mediterranean_Religions?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true},{"id":19335,"name":"Ancient myth and religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_myth_and_religion?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true},{"id":21253,"name":"Nabataeans (Classics)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nabataeans_Classics_?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true},{"id":21254,"name":"Nabataeans (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nabataeans_Archaeology_?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true},{"id":54796,"name":"Nabataean Petra","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nabataean_Petra?f_ri=21254"},{"id":58571,"name":"Isis Cult","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Isis_Cult?f_ri=21254"},{"id":92845,"name":"Ancient Near Eastern Religions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Near_Eastern_Religions?f_ri=21254"},{"id":389303,"name":"Betyls","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Betyls?f_ri=21254"},{"id":853640,"name":"Archaeology of the Negev and Sinai","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology_of_the_Negev_and_Sinai?f_ri=21254"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_24488812" data-work_id="24488812" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/24488812/Ancient_Harbours_of_Northern_Somalia_and_Colonial_Anti_African_Historiography_by_Prof_Muhammad_Shamsaddin_Megalommatis">Ancient Harbours of Northern Somalia and Colonial Anti-African Historiography - by Prof. Muhammad Shamsaddin Megalommatis</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">We referred to the Ancient Greek text 'Periplus of the Red Sea', which consists in a valuable information about all the coastal countries of the 'Red Sea' (Erythra Thalassa in Greek), a geographic term that in the Antiquity denoted the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_24488812" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">We referred to the Ancient Greek text 'Periplus of the Red Sea', which consists in a valuable information about all the coastal countries of the 'Red Sea' (Erythra Thalassa in Greek), a geographic term that in the Antiquity denoted the Arabian Gulf (this is what we call today 'Red Sea”), the Persian Gulf, and the entire Indian Ocean from Eastern Africa until Chryse (the 'Golden', as Indonesia and Indochina were called then). The 'Periplus of the Red Sea' was written ca. 70 CE by an anonymous Alexandrian Egyptian merchant and captain, who certainly had personal experience in vast parts of that navigation and trade network area, and wished to compile a kind of guide for sailors and traders. As continuation of our previous article, we will study further excerpts of 'the Periplus of the Red Sea' pertaining to 'the Other Berberia'. <br /><a href="http://www.afroarticles.com/article-dashboard/Article/Ancient-Harbours-of-Northern-Somalia-and-Colonial-Anti-African-Historiography/101747" rel="nofollow">http://www.afroarticles.com/article-dashboard/Article/Ancient-Harbours-of-Northern-Somalia-and-Colonial-Anti-African-Historiography/101747</a> <br />2008-05-17</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/24488812" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="69d7b24cae4f7b5b1770241fc3f0be3d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":100837843,"asset_id":24488812,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/100837843/download_file?st=MTc0MDU4NzQyMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="44497389" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ShamsaddinMegalommatis">Shamsaddin Megalommatis</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="44497389" type="text/json">{"id":44497389,"first_name":"Shamsaddin","last_name":"Megalommatis","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ShamsaddinMegalommatis","display_name":"Shamsaddin Megalommatis","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ShamsaddinMegalommatis?f_ri=21254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/44497389/12057299/152717816/s65_shamsaddin.megalommatis.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_24488812 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="24488812"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 24488812, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_24488812", }); 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The 'Periplus of the Red Sea' was written ca. 70 CE by an anonymous Alexandrian Egyptian merchant and captain, who certainly had personal experience in vast parts of that navigation and trade network area, and wished to compile a kind of guide for sailors and traders. As continuation of our previous article, we will study further excerpts of 'the Periplus of the Red Sea' pertaining to 'the Other Berberia'.\r\nhttp://www.afroarticles.com/article-dashboard/Article/Ancient-Harbours-of-Northern-Somalia-and-Colonial-Anti-African-Historiography/101747\r\n2008-05-17 \r\n \r\n\r\n\r\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":100837843,"asset_id":24488812,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":44497389,"first_name":"Shamsaddin","last_name":"Megalommatis","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ShamsaddinMegalommatis","display_name":"Shamsaddin Megalommatis","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ShamsaddinMegalommatis?f_ri=21254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/44497389/12057299/152717816/s65_shamsaddin.megalommatis.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":136,"name":"Cultural History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_History?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true},{"id":188,"name":"Cultural 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href="https://www.academia.edu/10058021/Religious_life_in_the_Kingdom_of_Awsan_study_through_inscriptions_in_Arabic_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D9%85%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A9_%D8%A3%D9%8E%D9%88%D9%92%D8%B3%D9%8E%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%B6%D9%88%D8%A1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%82%D9%88%D8%B4_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A9">Religious life in the Kingdom of Awsan study through inscriptions (in Arabic) الحياة الدينية في مملكة أَوْسَان في ضوء النقوش العربية الجنوبية القديمة</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/10058021" data-share-source="work_strip" 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itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2667928" href="https://cairo.academia.edu/mahmoudabdelpasset">Mahmoud abd El- Basset (محمود عبد الباسط)</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2667928" type="text/json">{"id":2667928,"first_name":"Mahmoud","last_name":"abd El- Basset (محمود عبد الباسط)","domain_name":"cairo","page_name":"mahmoudabdelpasset","display_name":"Mahmoud abd El- Basset (محمود عبد الباسط)","profile_url":"https://cairo.academia.edu/mahmoudabdelpasset?f_ri=21254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2667928/851942/3967948/s65_mahmoud.abd_elpasset.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_10058021 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="10058021"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new 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href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nabataean_Religion">Nabataean Religion</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="52749" type="text/json">{"id":52749,"name":"Nabataean Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nabataean_Religion?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=10058021]'), work: {"id":10058021,"title":"Religious life in the Kingdom of Awsan study through inscriptions (in Arabic) الحياة الدينية في مملكة أَوْسَان في ضوء النقوش العربية الجنوبية القديمة","created_at":"2015-01-07T11:16:36.298-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/10058021/Religious_life_in_the_Kingdom_of_Awsan_study_through_inscriptions_in_Arabic_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D9%85%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A9_%D8%A3%D9%8E%D9%88%D9%92%D8%B3%D9%8E%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%B6%D9%88%D8%A1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%82%D9%88%D8%B4_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A9?f_ri=21254","dom_id":"work_10058021","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":49457487,"asset_id":10058021,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2667928,"first_name":"Mahmoud","last_name":"abd El- Basset (محمود عبد الباسط)","domain_name":"cairo","page_name":"mahmoudabdelpasset","display_name":"Mahmoud abd El- Basset (محمود عبد الباسط)","profile_url":"https://cairo.academia.edu/mahmoudabdelpasset?f_ri=21254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2667928/851942/3967948/s65_mahmoud.abd_elpasset.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":130,"name":"Ancient History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_History?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true},{"id":21254,"name":"Nabataeans (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nabataeans_Archaeology_?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true},{"id":42058,"name":"Ancient Arabs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Arabs?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true},{"id":52749,"name":"Nabataean Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nabataean_Religion?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true},{"id":112084,"name":"History of Pre-Islamic Arabia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Pre-Islamic_Arabia?f_ri=21254"},{"id":112085,"name":"South Arabian Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Arabian_Culture?f_ri=21254"},{"id":123654,"name":"Arabia Felix","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arabia_Felix?f_ri=21254"},{"id":187884,"name":"Ancient South Arabia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_South_Arabia?f_ri=21254"},{"id":247114,"name":"South Arabian Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Arabian_Archaeology?f_ri=21254"},{"id":276083,"name":"Ancient History of Yemen","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_History_of_Yemen?f_ri=21254"},{"id":424893,"name":"Yemen archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Yemen_archaeology?f_ri=21254"},{"id":1375168,"name":"Arabian Peninsula In Antiquity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arabian_Peninsula_In_Antiquity-1?f_ri=21254"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_31092190" data-work_id="31092190" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/31092190/The_roofscapes_of_Petra_the_use_of_ceramic_roof_tiles_in_a_Nabataean_Roman_urban_context">The roofscapes of Petra: the use of ceramic roof tiles in a Nabataean-Roman urban context</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Abstract This paper examines the use of ceramic roof tiles in Petra, the capital city of the Nabataean kingdom in Jordan, during the Late Nabataean and the following Roman period from 1st BC to 3rd century AD. At that time, the city was... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_31092190" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Abstract <br />This paper examines the use of ceramic roof tiles in Petra, the capital city of the Nabataean kingdom in Jordan, during the Late Nabataean and the following Roman period from 1st BC to 3rd century AD. At that time, the city was undergoing a large-scale monumentalization in public building. Two major types of roof tiles are distinguished on the basis of new excavation material from the Nabataean house at Ez Zantur IV. These tiles can be dated to early 1st century AD, and possibly even to the late 1st century BC, confirming the use of roof tiles in the Nabataean period. A comparative examination of the published tile finds from the city centre provides evidence for the use of ceramic roof tiles in a number of buildings. However, the use of tile is limited to the largest public structures, for which architectural solutions of the Late Hellenistic world, involving pitched roofs, were adopted and used. Neither the introduction nor the morphology of roof tiles seem to have a connection to the growing impact of Roman Empire in this area. Visually, tiled roofs and roofscapes form a part of the urban landscape in Petra. In this landscape of traditionally flat roofs, they stand out both to the inhabitants and to the visitors. As parts of the ceramiscene of the ancient city, they reflect the actions of past over time and space in this landscape; as part of the architecture, they emphasize the vision of the city as an international Hellenistic-Roman metropolis.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/31092190" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b015a4a6fa5c9b711335c92574683e06" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":56008034,"asset_id":31092190,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56008034/download_file?st=MTc0MDU4NzQyMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="111393" href="https://helsinki.academia.edu/PirjoHamari">Pirjo Hamari</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="111393" type="text/json">{"id":111393,"first_name":"Pirjo","last_name":"Hamari","domain_name":"helsinki","page_name":"PirjoHamari","display_name":"Pirjo Hamari","profile_url":"https://helsinki.academia.edu/PirjoHamari?f_ri=21254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/111393/3140891/3697928/s65_pirjo.hamari.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_31092190 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="31092190"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 31092190, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_31092190", }); 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At that time, the city was undergoing a large-scale monumentalization in public building. Two major types of roof tiles are distinguished on the basis of new excavation material from the Nabataean house at Ez Zantur IV. These tiles can be dated to early 1st century AD, and possibly even to the late 1st century BC, confirming the use of roof tiles in the Nabataean period. A comparative examination of the published tile finds from the city centre provides evidence for the use of ceramic roof tiles in a number of buildings. However, the use of tile is limited to the largest public structures, for which architectural solutions of the Late Hellenistic world, involving pitched roofs, were adopted and used. Neither the introduction nor the morphology of roof tiles seem to have a connection to the growing impact of Roman Empire in this area. Visually, tiled roofs and roofscapes form a part of the urban landscape in Petra. In this landscape of traditionally flat roofs, they stand out both to the inhabitants and to the visitors. As parts of the ceramiscene of the ancient city, they reflect the actions of past over time and space in this landscape; as part of the architecture, they emphasize the vision of the city as an international Hellenistic-Roman metropolis. \n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":56008034,"asset_id":31092190,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":111393,"first_name":"Pirjo","last_name":"Hamari","domain_name":"helsinki","page_name":"PirjoHamari","display_name":"Pirjo Hamari","profile_url":"https://helsinki.academia.edu/PirjoHamari?f_ri=21254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/111393/3140891/3697928/s65_pirjo.hamari.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":15920,"name":"Ancient construction (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_construction_Archaeology_?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true},{"id":21254,"name":"Nabataeans (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nabataeans_Archaeology_?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true},{"id":54796,"name":"Nabataean Petra","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nabataean_Petra?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true},{"id":153447,"name":"Hellenistic, Roman, and Byzantine Roof Tiles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hellenistic_Roman_and_Byzantine_Roof_Tiles?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true},{"id":235794,"name":"Roof Tiles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roof_Tiles?f_ri=21254"},{"id":896193,"name":"Roman Petra","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Petra?f_ri=21254"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_50939798" data-work_id="50939798" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/50939798/ARABS_IN_PALESTINE_FROM_THE_NEO_ASSYRIAN_TO_THE_PERSIAN_PERIODS">ARABS IN PALESTINE FROM THE NEO-ASSYRIAN TO THE PERSIAN PERIODS</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The recently discovered Idumean Aramaic texts fron Makkedah (Khirbet el-Kom) and Maresha dated primarily to the fifth-fourth centuries provide an onomasticon dominated with Edomite theophoric and (‘Nabataean’) Arabic names. The... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_50939798" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The recently discovered Idumean Aramaic texts fron Makkedah (Khirbet el-Kom) and Maresha dated primarily to the fifth-fourth centuries provide an onomasticon dominated with Edomite theophoric and (‘Nabataean’) Arabic names. The implication of a settled Edomite-Arab society is  supported by new  literary, epigraphic and numismatic evidence of a sedentary culture within the Nabataean realm at the time.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/50939798" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="708a0ae39208ad2f11182f1be7f446cd" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":68816665,"asset_id":50939798,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/68816665/download_file?st=MTc0MDU4NzQyMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="58616287" href="https://miami.academia.edu/DavidGraf">David Graf</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="58616287" type="text/json">{"id":58616287,"first_name":"David","last_name":"Graf","domain_name":"miami","page_name":"DavidGraf","display_name":"David Graf","profile_url":"https://miami.academia.edu/DavidGraf?f_ri=21254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/58616287/62455558/50747117/s65_david.graf.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_50939798 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="50939798"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 50939798, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_50939798", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=50939798]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_50939798").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_50939798").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="50939798"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="21254" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nabataeans_Archaeology_">Nabataeans (Archaeology)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="21254" type="text/json">{"id":21254,"name":"Nabataeans (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nabataeans_Archaeology_?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="155487" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nabataeans">Nabataeans</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="155487" type="text/json">{"id":155487,"name":"Nabataeans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nabataeans?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=50939798]'), work: {"id":50939798,"title":"ARABS IN PALESTINE FROM THE NEO-ASSYRIAN TO THE PERSIAN PERIODS","created_at":"2021-08-19T16:35:01.969-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/50939798/ARABS_IN_PALESTINE_FROM_THE_NEO_ASSYRIAN_TO_THE_PERSIAN_PERIODS?f_ri=21254","dom_id":"work_50939798","summary":"The recently discovered Idumean Aramaic texts fron Makkedah (Khirbet el-Kom) and Maresha dated primarily to the fifth-fourth centuries provide an onomasticon dominated with Edomite theophoric and (‘Nabataean’) Arabic names. The implication of a settled Edomite-Arab society is supported by new literary, epigraphic and numismatic evidence of a sedentary culture within the Nabataean realm at the time.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":68816665,"asset_id":50939798,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":58616287,"first_name":"David","last_name":"Graf","domain_name":"miami","page_name":"DavidGraf","display_name":"David Graf","profile_url":"https://miami.academia.edu/DavidGraf?f_ri=21254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/58616287/62455558/50747117/s65_david.graf.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":21254,"name":"Nabataeans (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nabataeans_Archaeology_?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true},{"id":155487,"name":"Nabataeans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nabataeans?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1590531" data-work_id="1590531" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1590531/DeArabizing_Arabia_Tracing_Western_Scholarship_on_the_History_of_the_Arabs_and_Arabic_Language_and_Script">DeArabizing Arabia: Tracing Western Scholarship on the History of the Arabs and Arabic Language and Script</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">A reference book on the history of Arabic Language and script, which goes beyond the sole discussion of technical matters. It studies objectively the evidence presented by modern-day archeological discoveries together with the evidence... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_1590531" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">A reference book on the history of Arabic Language and script, which goes beyond the sole discussion of technical matters. It studies objectively the evidence presented by modern-day archeological discoveries together with the evidence presented by the indispensable scholarly work and research of the past Islamic Arab civilization era. The book scrutinizes Western theories about the history of the Arabs and Arabic language and script in connection with the roles played by Western Near East scholarship, religion and colonial history in the formation of current belief system vs. Arab history and language, which is an essential step to study this correlated and complex topic objectively. In his book, the author explores the relevant facts of history and geography as crucial defining factors in the study of history of Arabic language and script. He offers a brief balanced account on the important topic of Muhammad leadership and Islam in the formation of Arabia, investigates the Quran as a key evidence and reference of the Arabic language and script, and presents in-depth tracings and readings of the important Umm al-Jimāl and al-Namārah Nabataean inscriptions, as well as other relevant pre-Islamic Musnad and Jazm Arabic inscriptions. <br /> <br /><a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=-LwbdQYZyS4C&lpg=PP3&dq=dearabizing&pg=PP3#v=onepage&q=dearabizing&f=false" rel="nofollow">http://books.google.com/books?id=-LwbdQYZyS4C&lpg=PP3&dq=dearabizing&pg=PP3#v=onepage&q=dearabizing&f=false</a></div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1590531" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="82bb5633a4292f8cf08a51fd9b6c0172" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":63671955,"asset_id":1590531,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63671955/download_file?st=MTc0MDU4NzQyMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1818969" href="https://cuny.academia.edu/SaadAbulhab">Saad D Abulhab</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1818969" type="text/json">{"id":1818969,"first_name":"Saad","last_name":"Abulhab","domain_name":"cuny","page_name":"SaadAbulhab","display_name":"Saad D Abulhab","profile_url":"https://cuny.academia.edu/SaadAbulhab?f_ri=21254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1818969/620441/16104599/s65_saad.abulhab.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1590531 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1590531"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1590531, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_1590531", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1590531]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_1590531").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_1590531").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="1590531"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2603" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_East_History">Middle East History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2603" type="text/json">{"id":2603,"name":"Middle East History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_East_History?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2722" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arabic_Language_and_Linguistics">Arabic Language and Linguistics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2722" type="text/json">{"id":2722,"name":"Arabic Language and Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arabic_Language_and_Linguistics?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3324" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arabic">Arabic</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3324" type="text/json">{"id":3324,"name":"Arabic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arabic?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7983" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quranic_Studies-1">Quranic Studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="7983" type="text/json">{"id":7983,"name":"Quranic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quranic_Studies-1?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=1590531]'), work: {"id":1590531,"title":"DeArabizing Arabia: Tracing Western Scholarship on the History of the Arabs and Arabic Language and Script","created_at":"2012-05-25T02:49:01.034-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/1590531/DeArabizing_Arabia_Tracing_Western_Scholarship_on_the_History_of_the_Arabs_and_Arabic_Language_and_Script?f_ri=21254","dom_id":"work_1590531","summary":"A reference book on the history of Arabic Language and script, which goes beyond the sole discussion of technical matters. It studies objectively the evidence presented by modern-day archeological discoveries together with the evidence presented by the indispensable scholarly work and research of the past Islamic Arab civilization era. The book scrutinizes Western theories about the history of the Arabs and Arabic language and script in connection with the roles played by Western Near East scholarship, religion and colonial history in the formation of current belief system vs. Arab history and language, which is an essential step to study this correlated and complex topic objectively. In his book, the author explores the relevant facts of history and geography as crucial defining factors in the study of history of Arabic language and script. He offers a brief balanced account on the important topic of Muhammad leadership and Islam in the formation of Arabia, investigates the Quran as a key evidence and reference of the Arabic language and script, and presents in-depth tracings and readings of the important Umm al-Jimāl and al-Namārah Nabataean inscriptions, as well as other relevant pre-Islamic Musnad and Jazm Arabic inscriptions.\r\n\r\nhttp://books.google.com/books?id=-LwbdQYZyS4C\u0026lpg=PP3\u0026dq=dearabizing\u0026pg=PP3#v=onepage\u0026q=dearabizing\u0026f=false","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":63671955,"asset_id":1590531,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1818969,"first_name":"Saad","last_name":"Abulhab","domain_name":"cuny","page_name":"SaadAbulhab","display_name":"Saad D Abulhab","profile_url":"https://cuny.academia.edu/SaadAbulhab?f_ri=21254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1818969/620441/16104599/s65_saad.abulhab.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2603,"name":"Middle East History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_East_History?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true},{"id":2722,"name":"Arabic Language and Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arabic_Language_and_Linguistics?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true},{"id":3324,"name":"Arabic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arabic?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true},{"id":7983,"name":"Quranic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quranic_Studies-1?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true},{"id":15800,"name":"Islamic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_History?f_ri=21254"},{"id":16930,"name":"History of Classical Scholarship","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Classical_Scholarship?f_ri=21254"},{"id":21254,"name":"Nabataeans (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nabataeans_Archaeology_?f_ri=21254"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_47303510" data-work_id="47303510" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/47303510/Arabs_and_Empires_before_Islam">Arabs and Empires before Islam</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">collating nearly two hundred and fifty translated extracts from an extensive array of ancient sources. Drawn from a broad period between the eighth century BC and the Middle Ages, the sources include texts written in Greek, Latin, Syriac,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_47303510" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">collating nearly two hundred and fifty translated extracts from an extensive array of ancient sources. Drawn from a broad period between the eighth century BC and the Middle Ages, the sources include texts written in Greek, Latin, Syriac, Persian, and Arabic, inscriptions in a variety of languages and alphabets, and discussions of archaeological sites from across the Near East. More than twenty international experts from the fields of archaeology, classics and ancient history, linguistics and philology, epigraphy, and art history, provide detailed commentary and analysis on this diverse selection of material.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/47303510" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="42602d977182c8bee52d6b2b711ca760" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":66466997,"asset_id":47303510,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/66466997/download_file?st=MTc0MDU4NzQyMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="398306" href="https://fu-berlin.academia.edu/IsabelToral">Isabel Toral-Niehoff</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="398306" type="text/json">{"id":398306,"first_name":"Isabel","last_name":"Toral-Niehoff","domain_name":"fu-berlin","page_name":"IsabelToral","display_name":"Isabel Toral-Niehoff","profile_url":"https://fu-berlin.academia.edu/IsabelToral?f_ri=21254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/398306/102649/2058813/s65_isabel.toral.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_47303510 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="47303510"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 47303510, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_47303510", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=47303510]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_47303510").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_47303510").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="47303510"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2722" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arabic_Language_and_Linguistics">Arabic Language and Linguistics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2722" type="text/json">{"id":2722,"name":"Arabic Language and Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arabic_Language_and_Linguistics?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7241" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eastern_Christianity">Eastern Christianity</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7241" type="text/json">{"id":7241,"name":"Eastern Christianity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eastern_Christianity?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11076" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Late_Antiquity">Late Antiquity</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11076" type="text/json">{"id":11076,"name":"Late Antiquity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Late_Antiquity?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14861" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arabian_Gulf">Arabian Gulf</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="14861" type="text/json">{"id":14861,"name":"Arabian Gulf","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arabian_Gulf?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=47303510]'), work: {"id":47303510,"title":"Arabs and Empires before Islam","created_at":"2021-04-21T11:36:26.003-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/47303510/Arabs_and_Empires_before_Islam?f_ri=21254","dom_id":"work_47303510","summary":"collating nearly two hundred and fifty translated extracts from an extensive array of ancient sources. Drawn from a broad period between the eighth century BC and the Middle Ages, the sources include texts written in Greek, Latin, Syriac, Persian, and Arabic, inscriptions in a variety of languages and alphabets, and discussions of archaeological sites from across the Near East. More than twenty international experts from the fields of archaeology, classics and ancient history, linguistics and philology, epigraphy, and art history, provide detailed commentary and analysis on this diverse selection of material.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":66466997,"asset_id":47303510,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":398306,"first_name":"Isabel","last_name":"Toral-Niehoff","domain_name":"fu-berlin","page_name":"IsabelToral","display_name":"Isabel Toral-Niehoff","profile_url":"https://fu-berlin.academia.edu/IsabelToral?f_ri=21254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/398306/102649/2058813/s65_isabel.toral.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2722,"name":"Arabic Language and Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arabic_Language_and_Linguistics?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true},{"id":7241,"name":"Eastern 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class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/9740969/%D8%AF%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B5%D8%AD%D9%89_%D9%82%D8%A8%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A1%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D9%86%D9%82%D9%88%D8%B4_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%B7%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%AF_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%83%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9">دلائل العربية الفصحى قبل الإسلام: قراءات مختارة في نقوش النبطية والمسند والأكدية</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">يتضمن هذا الكتاب دراسة لعينة من النصوص التي تضمنتها النقوش الاكدية والنبطية ونقوش عربية المسند توضح عمق استخدامات العربية الفصحى قبل الاسلام. حيث يقدم الباحث في هذا الكتاب اول قراءة شعرية لاقدم نص شعري عربي مكتشف في النقوش النبطية. كما... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_9740969" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">يتضمن هذا الكتاب دراسة لعينة من النصوص التي تضمنتها النقوش الاكدية والنبطية ونقوش عربية المسند توضح عمق استخدامات العربية الفصحى قبل الاسلام. حيث يقدم الباحث في هذا الكتاب اول قراءة شعرية لاقدم  نص شعري عربي مكتشف في النقوش النبطية. كما يقدم ايضا اول ترجمة واستنساخ عربي لنص اكدي من ملحمة جلجامش لبلاد الرافدين وذلك عبر استخدام مصادر اللغة العربية التأريخية.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/9740969" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" 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Long-distance trade reached its apex following the Roman annexation of Nabataea in 106 CE, followed by a marked decline during the third century CE. Seven of these key sites were conserved between 1993 and 2000, culminating in the inscription of the Nabataean Incense Road on the UNESCO World Heritage Site list in 2005.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/42856283" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f72913dbfc6c95d0e85ed3eb44a61204" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":63094068,"asset_id":42856283,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63094068/download_file?st=MTc0MDU4NzQyMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4312061" href="https://independent.academia.edu/TaliGini">Tali Erickson-Gini</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4312061" type="text/json">{"id":4312061,"first_name":"Tali","last_name":"Erickson-Gini","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"TaliGini","display_name":"Tali Erickson-Gini","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/TaliGini?f_ri=21254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4312061/110468346/99715784/s65_tali.erickson-gini.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_42856283 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="42856283"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 42856283, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_42856283", }); 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Lewin and P. Pellegrini eds. The Late Roman Army in the Near East from Diocletian to the Arab Conquest. BAR Int. Ser. 1717.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/11984245" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="bbd4b8ff249a8af8548ea8beed8e09dd" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":37331774,"asset_id":11984245,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37331774/download_file?st=MTc0MDU4NzQyMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4312061" href="https://independent.academia.edu/TaliGini">Tali Erickson-Gini</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4312061" type="text/json">{"id":4312061,"first_name":"Tali","last_name":"Erickson-Gini","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"TaliGini","display_name":"Tali Erickson-Gini","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/TaliGini?f_ri=21254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4312061/110468346/99715784/s65_tali.erickson-gini.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_11984245 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="11984245"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 11984245, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_11984245", }); 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With contributions by J.-Cl. Bessac, J.-P. Braun, J. Dentzer-Feydy, and L. Nehmé. Épigraphie & Archéologie 2. Paris: Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres, 2015.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This work, published by the French Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres, is devoted to the Nabataean tombs of the archaeological site of Madâin Sâih, in north-west Saudi Arabia. It corresponds to Nabataean and Roman Hegra, known in... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_19034548" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This work, published by the French Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres, is devoted to the Nabataean tombs of the archaeological site of Madâin Sâih, in north-west Saudi Arabia. It corresponds to Nabataean and Roman Hegra, known in Arabic as al-Hijr. Hegra was part of the Nabataean kingdom, the capital of which was Petra, in Jordan. It was a caravan city and a frontier post, located at the southern limit of the Nabataean kingdom and, from 106 CE onwards, of the Roman province of Arabia. The site developed from the first century BCE onwards and became a city surrounded by a rampart. Outside and around the latter, one finds several monumental necropolese which contain approximately one hundred very well preserved tombs with a decorated façade carved in the rock, as in Petra.<br />The site has been explored since the beginning of the 20th century and was inscribed in 2008 on the Unesco World Heritage List. It is one of the most prestigious sites in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and certainly the one which receives the greastest number of visitors every year. Archaeological excavations have been undertaken since 2008 under the aegis of the French Ministry for Foreign Affairs and the Saudi Commission for Tourism and Antiquities.<br />This book is the first of a series of monographs which are devoted to the monuments of the site. The first volume contains five chapters written by different specialists. The first offers an introduction on the site and its tombs while the following focus on the inscriptions, on the rock carving techniques, on the architecture of the monuments and on their architectural decoration. The authors have all worked several years at the site. The second volume contains a catalogue of all the tombs, described individually in detail, maps, panoramic photographs as well as plans and sections of each tomb. The two volumes thus form an exhaustive publication of these important monuments.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/19034548" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9c2120351729d289a33be3251fee244b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":40394005,"asset_id":19034548,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40394005/download_file?st=MTc0MDU4NzQyMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="39284788" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JeanClaudeBessac">Jean-Claude Bessac</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="39284788" type="text/json">{"id":39284788,"first_name":"Jean-Claude","last_name":"Bessac","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JeanClaudeBessac","display_name":"Jean-Claude Bessac","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JeanClaudeBessac?f_ri=21254","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-19034548">+2</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-19034548"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://cnrs.academia.edu/LailaNehm%C3%A9">Laila Nehmé</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/BraunJeanPierre">Jean-Pierre Braun</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-19034548'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-19034548').html(); 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With contributions by J.-Cl. Bessac, J.-P. Braun, J. Dentzer-Feydy, and L. Nehmé. Épigraphie \u0026 Archéologie 2. Paris: Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres, 2015.","created_at":"2015-11-26T03:07:18.027-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/19034548/Les_tombeaux_nabat%C3%A9ens_de_H%C3%A9gra_With_contributions_by_J_Cl_Bessac_J_P_Braun_J_Dentzer_Feydy_and_L_Nehm%C3%A9_%C3%89pigraphie_and_Arch%C3%A9ologie_2_Paris_Acad%C3%A9mie_des_Inscriptions_et_Belles_Lettres_2015?f_ri=21254","dom_id":"work_19034548","summary":"This work, published by the French Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres, is devoted to the Nabataean tombs of the archaeological site of Madâin Sâih, in north-west Saudi Arabia. It corresponds to Nabataean and Roman Hegra, known in Arabic as al-Hijr. Hegra was part of the Nabataean kingdom, the capital of which was Petra, in Jordan. It was a caravan city and a frontier post, located at the southern limit of the Nabataean kingdom and, from 106 CE onwards, of the Roman province of Arabia. The site developed from the first century BCE onwards and became a city surrounded by a rampart. Outside and around the latter, one finds several monumental necropolese which contain approximately one hundred very well preserved tombs with a decorated façade carved in the rock, as in Petra.\nThe site has been explored since the beginning of the 20th century and was inscribed in 2008 on the Unesco World Heritage List. It is one of the most prestigious sites in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and certainly the one which receives the greastest number of visitors every year. Archaeological excavations have been undertaken since 2008 under the aegis of the French Ministry for Foreign Affairs and the Saudi Commission for Tourism and Antiquities.\nThis book is the first of a series of monographs which are devoted to the monuments of the site. The first volume contains five chapters written by different specialists. The first offers an introduction on the site and its tombs while the following focus on the inscriptions, on the rock carving techniques, on the architecture of the monuments and on their architectural decoration. The authors have all worked several years at the site. The second volume contains a catalogue of all the tombs, described individually in detail, maps, panoramic photographs as well as plans and sections of each tomb. The two volumes thus form an exhaustive publication of these important monuments.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":40394005,"asset_id":19034548,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":39284788,"first_name":"Jean-Claude","last_name":"Bessac","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JeanClaudeBessac","display_name":"Jean-Claude Bessac","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JeanClaudeBessac?f_ri=21254","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":2173302,"first_name":"Laila","last_name":"Nehmé","domain_name":"cnrs","page_name":"LailaNehmé","display_name":"Laila Nehmé","profile_url":"https://cnrs.academia.edu/LailaNehm%C3%A9?f_ri=21254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2173302/2693383/22438418/s65_laila.nehm_.jpg"},{"id":39280916,"first_name":"Jean-Pierre","last_name":"Braun","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"BraunJeanPierre","display_name":"Jean-Pierre Braun","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/BraunJeanPierre?f_ri=21254","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":8516,"name":"Funerary Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Funerary_Archaeology?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true},{"id":21253,"name":"Nabataeans (Classics)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nabataeans_Classics_?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true},{"id":21254,"name":"Nabataeans (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nabataeans_Archaeology_?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true},{"id":52749,"name":"Nabataean Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nabataean_Religion?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true},{"id":54796,"name":"Nabataean Petra","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nabataean_Petra?f_ri=21254"},{"id":335013,"name":"Nabataean funerary practices","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nabataean_funerary_practices?f_ri=21254"},{"id":359012,"name":"Rock-cut Tombs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rock-cut_Tombs?f_ri=21254"},{"id":1211336,"name":"Nabataean Inscriptions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nabataean_Inscriptions?f_ri=21254"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_37336405" data-work_id="37336405" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37336405/The_Nabataeans_in_History_Before_AD_106_in_K_D_Politis_ed_The_World_of_the_Nabataeans_Volume_2_of_the_International_Conference_The_World_of_the_Herods_and_the_Nabataeans_held_at_the_British_Museum_17_19_April_2001_Oriens_et_Occidens_15_Stuttgart_2007_25_44">The Nabataeans in History (Before AD 106), in K. D. Politis (ed.), The World of the Nabataeans. Volume 2 of the International Conference The World of the Herods and the Nabataeans held at the British Museum, 17-19. April 2001. 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Arabian Archaeology and Epigraphy 27.2: 176-196.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">An inscription in Sabaic, recently discovered on the site of Jabal Riyâm (Yemen), gives an account of a journey—probably a diplomatic mission—carried out by a Sabaean dignitary on behalf of the rulers of the tribe of Ḥumlân. He listed the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_29477825" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">An inscription in Sabaic, recently discovered on the site of Jabal Riyâm (Yemen), gives an account of a journey—probably a diplomatic mission—carried out by a Sabaean dignitary on behalf of the rulers of the tribe of Ḥumlân. He listed the territories he passed through in western and northern Arabia and in the Middle East, up to the Roman Province, Palmyra and Mesopotamia. This text, assumed to date back to the third century AD (probably c.260–280), provides a unique picture of the political forces in the area and throws new light on the regional map of the time.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/29477825" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="98406ab9465d7f025412e88f610d3e1f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":54217372,"asset_id":29477825,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/54217372/download_file?st=MTc0MDU4NzQyMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="5632" href="https://cnrs.academia.edu/JSchiettecatte">Jérémie Schiettecatte</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="5632" type="text/json">{"id":5632,"first_name":"Jérémie","last_name":"Schiettecatte","domain_name":"cnrs","page_name":"JSchiettecatte","display_name":"Jérémie Schiettecatte","profile_url":"https://cnrs.academia.edu/JSchiettecatte?f_ri=21254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5632/2174/155371242/s65_j_r_mie.schiettecatte.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-29477825">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-29477825"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://cnrs.academia.edu/MounirArbach">Mounir Arbach</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-29477825'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-29477825').html(); 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This text, assumed to date back to the third century AD (probably c.260–280), provides a unique picture of the political forces in the area and throws new light on the regional map of the time.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":54217372,"asset_id":29477825,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":5632,"first_name":"Jérémie","last_name":"Schiettecatte","domain_name":"cnrs","page_name":"JSchiettecatte","display_name":"Jérémie Schiettecatte","profile_url":"https://cnrs.academia.edu/JSchiettecatte?f_ri=21254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5632/2174/155371242/s65_j_r_mie.schiettecatte.jpg"},{"id":33198130,"first_name":"Mounir","last_name":"Arbach","domain_name":"cnrs","page_name":"MounirArbach","display_name":"Mounir Arbach","profile_url":"https://cnrs.academia.edu/MounirArbach?f_ri=21254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/33198130/23215188/22311997/s65_mounir.arbach.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":266,"name":"Historical 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data-work_id="34998445" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/34998445/New_dated_inscriptions_Nabataean_and_pre_Islamic_Arabic_from_a_site_near_al_Jawf_ancient_D%C5%ABmah_Saudi_Arabia">New dated inscriptions (Nabataean and pre-Islamic Arabic) from a site near al-Jawf, ancient Dūmah, Saudi Arabia</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This article publishes eighteen inscriptions: seventeen in the Nabataean script and one in the pre-Islamic Arabic script, all from the area of al-Jawf, ancient Dūmat al-Jandal, in north-west Arabia. It includes the edition of the texts as... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_34998445" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This article publishes eighteen inscriptions: seventeen in the Nabataean script and one in the pre-Islamic Arabic script, all from the area of al-Jawf, ancient Dūmat al-Jandal, in north-west Arabia. It includes the edition of the texts as well as a discussion of their significance. The pre-Islamic Arabic text, DaJ144PAr1, is dated to the mid-sixth century AD. It is important because it is the first text firmly dated to the sixth century AD from north-west Arabia. The Nabataean texts are interesting because they are dated to the beginning of the second century AD and they mention both cavalrymen (Nabataean pršyʾ) and a centurion (Nabataean qnṭrywnʾ).</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/34998445" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="199a650c49980ef28781b24dfac5a4ed" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":54863008,"asset_id":34998445,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/54863008/download_file?st=MTc0MDU4NzQyMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2173302" href="https://cnrs.academia.edu/LailaNehm%C3%A9">Laila Nehmé</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2173302" type="text/json">{"id":2173302,"first_name":"Laila","last_name":"Nehmé","domain_name":"cnrs","page_name":"LailaNehmé","display_name":"Laila Nehmé","profile_url":"https://cnrs.academia.edu/LailaNehm%C3%A9?f_ri=21254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2173302/2693383/22438418/s65_laila.nehm_.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_34998445 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="34998445"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 34998445, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_34998445", }); 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It includes the edition of the texts as well as a discussion of their significance. The pre-Islamic Arabic text, DaJ144PAr1, is dated to the mid-sixth century AD. It is important because it is the first text firmly dated to the sixth century AD from north-west Arabia. The Nabataean texts are interesting because they are dated to the beginning of the second century AD and they mention both cavalrymen (Nabataean pršyʾ) and a centurion (Nabataean qnṭrywnʾ).","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":54863008,"asset_id":34998445,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2173302,"first_name":"Laila","last_name":"Nehmé","domain_name":"cnrs","page_name":"LailaNehmé","display_name":"Laila Nehmé","profile_url":"https://cnrs.academia.edu/LailaNehm%C3%A9?f_ri=21254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2173302/2693383/22438418/s65_laila.nehm_.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2722,"name":"Arabic Language and Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arabic_Language_and_Linguistics?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true},{"id":21254,"name":"Nabataeans (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nabataeans_Archaeology_?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true},{"id":21324,"name":"Roman Army","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Army?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true},{"id":112084,"name":"History of Pre-Islamic Arabia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Pre-Islamic_Arabia?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true},{"id":112095,"name":"Pre-Islamic Arabia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pre-Islamic_Arabia?f_ri=21254"},{"id":1211336,"name":"Nabataean Inscriptions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nabataean_Inscriptions?f_ri=21254"},{"id":2541468,"name":"Dûmat al-Jandal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/D%C3%BBmat_al-Jandal?f_ri=21254"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_14360605 coauthored" data-work_id="14360605" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14360605/Rohmer_J_and_Charloux_G_2015_From_Li%E1%B8%A5y%C4%81n_to_the_Nabataeans_Dating_the_End_of_the_Iron_Age_in_Northwestern_Arabia_">Rohmer, J. & Charloux, G. (2015), “From Liḥyān to the Nabataeans: Dating the End of the Iron Age in Northwestern Arabia”</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This paper reassesses the political and cultural chronology of northwest Arabia in the second half of the 1st millennium BC. A close review of the available epigraphic and iconographic evidence shows that it cannot provide any firm... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_14360605" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper reassesses the political and cultural chronology of northwest Arabia in the second half of the 1st millennium BC. A close review of the available epigraphic and iconographic evidence shows that it cannot provide any firm chronological anchor for the kingdom of Liḥyān nor for the Nabataean takeover of the area: only archaeology may offer new insights into the history of this important but poorly known period. Recent excavation results from Hegra / Madā’in Ṣāliḥ and from various sites in the al-‘Ulā oasis (Dadan / Khuraybah, Tall al-Kathīb, Khīf al-Zahrah) suggest a disruption in the settlement history and the material culture of the area in the 3rd c. BC. At that time, Dadan and its peripheral settlements seem to have entered a phase of decline, while the Iron Age painted pottery tradition probably came to an end. Conversely, the Saudi-French excavations at Hegra show uninterrupted occupation and development throughout the second half of the 1st millennium BC, suggesting that this site had replaced Dadan as a regional centre by the early 2nd c. BC – i.e. well before the commonly accepted date for the Nabataean takeover of the area. Numismatic data confirm the existence of an autonomous power at Hegra from the late 3rd or early 2nd c. through the 1st c. BC, revealing a hitherto unknown chapter in the political and cultural history of northwest Arabia.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/14360605" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3dae79d1ee8257f19a17ffc79ce66fac" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":49057081,"asset_id":14360605,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49057081/download_file?st=MTc0MDU4NzQyMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4034591" href="https://cnrs.academia.edu/J%C3%A9r%C3%B4meRohmer">Jérôme Rohmer</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4034591" type="text/json">{"id":4034591,"first_name":"Jérôme","last_name":"Rohmer","domain_name":"cnrs","page_name":"JérômeRohmer","display_name":"Jérôme Rohmer","profile_url":"https://cnrs.academia.edu/J%C3%A9r%C3%B4meRohmer?f_ri=21254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4034591/9860997/78575409/s65_j_r_me.rohmer.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-14360605">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-14360605"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://cnrs.academia.edu/GuillaumeCharloux">Guillaume Charloux</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-14360605'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-14360605').html(); 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(2015), “From Liḥyān to the Nabataeans: Dating the End of the Iron Age in Northwestern Arabia”","created_at":"2015-07-24T03:58:12.747-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/14360605/Rohmer_J_and_Charloux_G_2015_From_Li%E1%B8%A5y%C4%81n_to_the_Nabataeans_Dating_the_End_of_the_Iron_Age_in_Northwestern_Arabia_?f_ri=21254","dom_id":"work_14360605","summary":"This paper reassesses the political and cultural chronology of northwest Arabia in the second half of the 1st millennium BC. A close review of the available epigraphic and iconographic evidence shows that it cannot provide any firm chronological anchor for the kingdom of Liḥyān nor for the Nabataean takeover of the area: only archaeology may offer new insights into the history of this important but poorly known period. Recent excavation results from Hegra / Madā’in Ṣāliḥ and from various sites in the al-‘Ulā oasis (Dadan / Khuraybah, Tall al-Kathīb, Khīf al-Zahrah) suggest a disruption in the settlement history and the material culture of the area in the 3rd c. BC. At that time, Dadan and its peripheral settlements seem to have entered a phase of decline, while the Iron Age painted pottery tradition probably came to an end. Conversely, the Saudi-French excavations at Hegra show uninterrupted occupation and development throughout the second half of the 1st millennium BC, suggesting that this site had replaced Dadan as a regional centre by the early 2nd c. BC – i.e. well before the commonly accepted date for the Nabataean takeover of the area. Numismatic data confirm the existence of an autonomous power at Hegra from the late 3rd or early 2nd c. through the 1st c. BC, revealing a hitherto unknown chapter in the political and cultural history of northwest Arabia.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":49057081,"asset_id":14360605,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4034591,"first_name":"Jérôme","last_name":"Rohmer","domain_name":"cnrs","page_name":"JérômeRohmer","display_name":"Jérôme Rohmer","profile_url":"https://cnrs.academia.edu/J%C3%A9r%C3%B4meRohmer?f_ri=21254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4034591/9860997/78575409/s65_j_r_me.rohmer.jpg"},{"id":1028422,"first_name":"Guillaume","last_name":"Charloux","domain_name":"cnrs","page_name":"GuillaumeCharloux","display_name":"Guillaume Charloux","profile_url":"https://cnrs.academia.edu/GuillaumeCharloux?f_ri=21254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1028422/358424/118858789/s65_guillaume.charloux.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":397,"name":"Near Eastern Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Near_Eastern_Archaeology?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true},{"id":9569,"name":"Saudi Arabia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Saudi_Arabia?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true},{"id":21254,"name":"Nabataeans (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nabataeans_Archaeology_?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true},{"id":43722,"name":"Northarabian epigraphy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Northarabian_epigraphy?f_ri=21254","nofollow":true},{"id":97680,"name":"Arabian/Persian Gulf Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arabian_Persian_Gulf_Archaeology?f_ri=21254"},{"id":110972,"name":"Arabian Peninsula in Antiquity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arabian_Peninsula_in_Antiquity?f_ri=21254"},{"id":112084,"name":"History of Pre-Islamic Arabia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Pre-Islamic_Arabia?f_ri=21254"}]}, }) } 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