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overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; -webkit-line-clamp: 3; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; }</style><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><div class="u-floatLeft"><h1 class="PageHeader-title u-m0x u-fs30">Roman Trade Networks</h1><div class="u-tcGrayDark">4,886 Followers</div><div class="u-tcGrayDark u-mt2x">Recent papers in <b>Roman Trade Networks</b></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="TabbedNavigation"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><ul class="nav u-m0x u-p0x list-inline u-displayFlex"><li class="active"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Trade_Networks">Top Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Trade_Networks/MostCited">Most Cited Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Trade_Networks/MostDownloaded">Most Downloaded Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Trade_Networks/MostRecent">Newest Papers</a></li><li><a class="" href="https://www.academia.edu/People/Roman_Trade_Networks">People</a></li></ul></div><style type="text/css">ul.nav{flex-direction:row}@media(max-width: 567px){ul.nav{flex-direction:column}.TabbedNavigation li{max-width:100%}.TabbedNavigation li.active{background-color:var(--background-grey, #dddde2)}.TabbedNavigation li.active:before,.TabbedNavigation li.active:after{display:none}}</style></div></div></div><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12"><div class="u-displayFlex"><div class="u-flexGrow1"><div class="works"><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_25341915" data-work_id="25341915" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/25341915/Making_Your_Mark_in_Britannia_an_investigation_into_the_use_of_signet_rings_and_intaglios_in_Roman_Britain">Making Your Mark in Britannia: an investigation into the use of signet rings and intaglios in Roman Britain</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This project presents and analyses all of the signet rings and intaglios so far unearthed in Roman Britain to reinterpret how they were used and their role within provincial society. These small artefacts have traditionally been regarded... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_25341915" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This project presents and analyses all of the signet rings and intaglios so far unearthed in Roman Britain to reinterpret how they were used and their role within provincial society. These small artefacts have traditionally been regarded as attractive but relatively insignificant minor objets d’art, with little relevance to the wider discourses of Romanists. This thesis attempts a more critical examination of how they were used and their role within provincial Roman society. I argue that signet rings were an essential element in provincial society that should no longer be overlooked. This project builds on the pioneering Corpus assembled by Martin Henig in the 1970s, including more recent<br />discoveries and more than doubling the material available to him. This combined body of evidence includes 2,012 signet rings and intaglios, making it one of the largest contextualised assemblages of these objects ever studied. It also benefits from the results of developer funded archaeology and the advent of recording by the Portable Antiquities Scheme, enabling us to create a richer and more detailed picture how they were used.<br /><br />My approach has been to resituate these objects in terms of the archaeological context in which they were found, but also to consider them as functional as well as decorative objects. When<br />studied in this way signet rings provide a unique perspective on the identity of their wearers, and how they wanted to present themselves to others. I have found growing evidence for the use of signet rings amongst local elites before the Roman invasion of Britain, and it is clear that they had a role to play in negotiating identity after the conquest. I have also been able to identify trends in the way that different communities used signet rings, both as regards their imagery and materiality. It is also apparent that in<br />some parts of Britain these objects remained a feature of a type of dress and the hallmark of a society that remained alien to their inhabitants throughout the Roman period. However, for those who chose to wear them, signet rings could be more than just objects but reflections of themselves.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/25341915" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5c03328c3044b990404d1e6d12bf4bde" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":49891969,"asset_id":25341915,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49891969/download_file?st=MTc0MDU5OTM3Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="355663" href="https://leicester.academia.edu/IanMarshman">Ian J Marshman</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="355663" type="text/json">{"id":355663,"first_name":"Ian","last_name":"Marshman","domain_name":"leicester","page_name":"IanMarshman","display_name":"Ian J Marshman","profile_url":"https://leicester.academia.edu/IanMarshman?f_ri=32247","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/355663/94951/107060/s65_ian.marshman.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_25341915 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="25341915"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 25341915, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_25341915", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_25341915 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 25341915; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_25341915"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_25341915 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="25341915"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 25341915; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=25341915]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_25341915").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_25341915").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="25341915"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">21</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5272" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Identity_Culture_">Identity (Culture)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5272" type="text/json">{"id":5272,"name":"Identity (Culture)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Identity_Culture_?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11059" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sigillography">Sigillography</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11059" type="text/json">{"id":11059,"name":"Sigillography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sigillography?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16759" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Britain">Roman Britain</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="16759" type="text/json">{"id":16759,"name":"Roman Britain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Britain?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="32247" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Trade_Networks">Roman Trade Networks</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="32247" type="text/json">{"id":32247,"name":"Roman Trade Networks","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Trade_Networks?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=25341915]'), work: {"id":25341915,"title":"Making Your Mark in Britannia: an investigation into the use of signet rings and intaglios in Roman Britain","created_at":"2016-05-15T04:48:49.170-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/25341915/Making_Your_Mark_in_Britannia_an_investigation_into_the_use_of_signet_rings_and_intaglios_in_Roman_Britain?f_ri=32247","dom_id":"work_25341915","summary":"This project presents and analyses all of the signet rings and intaglios so far unearthed in Roman Britain to reinterpret how they were used and their role within provincial society. These small artefacts have traditionally been regarded as attractive but relatively insignificant minor objets d’art, with little relevance to the wider discourses of Romanists. This thesis attempts a more critical examination of how they were used and their role within provincial Roman society. I argue that signet rings were an essential element in provincial society that should no longer be overlooked. This project builds on the pioneering Corpus assembled by Martin Henig in the 1970s, including more recent\ndiscoveries and more than doubling the material available to him. This combined body of evidence includes 2,012 signet rings and intaglios, making it one of the largest contextualised assemblages of these objects ever studied. It also benefits from the results of developer funded archaeology and the advent of recording by the Portable Antiquities Scheme, enabling us to create a richer and more detailed picture how they were used.\n\nMy approach has been to resituate these objects in terms of the archaeological context in which they were found, but also to consider them as functional as well as decorative objects. When\nstudied in this way signet rings provide a unique perspective on the identity of their wearers, and how they wanted to present themselves to others. I have found growing evidence for the use of signet rings amongst local elites before the Roman invasion of Britain, and it is clear that they had a role to play in negotiating identity after the conquest. I have also been able to identify trends in the way that different communities used signet rings, both as regards their imagery and materiality. It is also apparent that in\nsome parts of Britain these objects remained a feature of a type of dress and the hallmark of a society that remained alien to their inhabitants throughout the Roman period. However, for those who chose to wear them, signet rings could be more than just objects but reflections of themselves.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":49891969,"asset_id":25341915,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":355663,"first_name":"Ian","last_name":"Marshman","domain_name":"leicester","page_name":"IanMarshman","display_name":"Ian J Marshman","profile_url":"https://leicester.academia.edu/IanMarshman?f_ri=32247","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/355663/94951/107060/s65_ian.marshman.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":5272,"name":"Identity (Culture)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Identity_Culture_?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true},{"id":11059,"name":"Sigillography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sigillography?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true},{"id":16759,"name":"Roman Britain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Britain?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true},{"id":32247,"name":"Roman Trade Networks","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Trade_Networks?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true},{"id":38438,"name":"Glyptics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Glyptics?f_ri=32247"},{"id":43197,"name":"Roman rural settlements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_rural_settlements?f_ri=32247"},{"id":48230,"name":"Roman Provincial Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Provincial_Archaeology?f_ri=32247"},{"id":73323,"name":"Roman Urbanism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Urbanism?f_ri=32247"},{"id":95424,"name":"Greek and Roman Art and Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greek_and_Roman_Art_and_Architecture?f_ri=32247"},{"id":100350,"name":"Roman military equipment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_military_equipment?f_ri=32247"},{"id":108448,"name":"Roman Provincial Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Provincial_Art?f_ri=32247"},{"id":116502,"name":"Intaglios","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intaglios?f_ri=32247"},{"id":119014,"name":"Roman Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Art?f_ri=32247"},{"id":132580,"name":"Late Iron Age/Roman transition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Late_Iron_Age_Roman_transition?f_ri=32247"},{"id":224131,"name":"Gemstones provenance in antiquity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gemstones_provenance_in_antiquity?f_ri=32247"},{"id":312862,"name":"Roman clothing and identities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_clothing_and_identities?f_ri=32247"},{"id":414674,"name":"Roman Jewellery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Jewellery?f_ri=32247"},{"id":458520,"name":"Roman Glyptics and Jewelry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Glyptics_and_Jewelry?f_ri=32247"},{"id":634974,"name":"Roman Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Archaeology?f_ri=32247"},{"id":668668,"name":"Sphragistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sphragistics?f_ri=32247"},{"id":753048,"name":"Archaeology of Communities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology_of_Communities?f_ri=32247"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_20022321" data-work_id="20022321" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/20022321/Cer%C3%A1mica_de_paredes_finas_en_el_asentamiento_militar_de_Herrera_de_Pisuerga_Palencia_">Cerámica de paredes finas en el asentamiento militar de Herrera de Pisuerga (Palencia)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This paper offers the results obtained about study of three archaeological interventions in Herrera de Pisuerga site (Palencia, Spain): La Chorquilla, La Ribera y Eras Bajas. The study divided in three parts: typological and chronological... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_20022321" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper offers the results obtained about study of three archaeological interventions in Herrera de Pisuerga site (Palencia, Spain): La Chorquilla, La Ribera y Eras Bajas. The study divided in three parts: typological and chronological classification that make possible the analysis and the fragments and to determent the most frequent forms; evolution of the site in function of the present or absence of certains forms. Finally we cant see the different productions, different factories and the comercial circuits to Herrera de Pisuerga. This conclusions are parcial because the archaeological excavations with thin walled potteries was 12 until 1995, and its study is only about 3 archaeological interventions.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/20022321" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="793d527e70f35f3876a630c30edef604" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":40961602,"asset_id":20022321,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40961602/download_file?st=MTc0MDU5OTM3Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="40763342" href="https://independent.academia.edu/M%C2%AACristinaReinosodelR%C3%ADo">Mª Cristina Reinoso del Río</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="40763342" type="text/json">{"id":40763342,"first_name":"Mª Cristina","last_name":"Reinoso del Río","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MªCristinaReinosodelRío","display_name":"Mª Cristina Reinoso del Río","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/M%C2%AACristinaReinosodelR%C3%ADo?f_ri=32247","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_20022321 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="20022321"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 20022321, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_20022321", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_20022321 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 20022321; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_20022321"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_20022321 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="20022321"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 20022321; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=20022321]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_20022321").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_20022321").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="20022321"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="32247" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Trade_Networks">Roman Trade Networks</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="32247" type="text/json">{"id":32247,"name":"Roman Trade Networks","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Trade_Networks?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1222257" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thin_Walled_Pottery">Thin Walled Pottery</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1222257" type="text/json">{"id":1222257,"name":"Thin Walled Pottery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thin_Walled_Pottery?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=20022321]'), work: {"id":20022321,"title":"Cerámica de paredes finas en el asentamiento militar de Herrera de Pisuerga (Palencia)","created_at":"2016-01-04T16:33:24.998-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/20022321/Cer%C3%A1mica_de_paredes_finas_en_el_asentamiento_militar_de_Herrera_de_Pisuerga_Palencia_?f_ri=32247","dom_id":"work_20022321","summary":"This paper offers the results obtained about study of three archaeological interventions in Herrera de Pisuerga site (Palencia, Spain): La Chorquilla, La Ribera y Eras Bajas. The study divided in three parts: typological and chronological classification that make possible the analysis and the fragments and to determent the most frequent forms; evolution of the site in function of the present or absence of certains forms. Finally we cant see the different productions, different factories and the comercial circuits to Herrera de Pisuerga. This conclusions are parcial because the archaeological excavations with thin walled potteries was 12 until 1995, and its study is only about 3 archaeological interventions.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":40961602,"asset_id":20022321,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":40763342,"first_name":"Mª Cristina","last_name":"Reinoso del Río","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MªCristinaReinosodelRío","display_name":"Mª Cristina Reinoso del Río","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/M%C2%AACristinaReinosodelR%C3%ADo?f_ri=32247","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":32247,"name":"Roman Trade Networks","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Trade_Networks?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true},{"id":1222257,"name":"Thin Walled Pottery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thin_Walled_Pottery?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_39225386" data-work_id="39225386" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/39225386/Remesal_Rodr%C3%ADguez_J_Revilla_Calvo_V_Berm%C3%BAdez_Lorenzo_J_Eds_Cuantificar_las_econom%C3%ADas_antiguas_Problemas_y_m%C3%A9todos_Quantifying_ancient_economies_problems_and_methodologies_Col_lecci%C3%B3_Instrumenta_60_Universitat_de_Barcelona">Remesal Rodríguez, J., Revilla Calvo, V., Bermúdez Lorenzo, J. (Eds.) Cuantificar las economías antiguas. Problemas y métodos / Quantifying ancient economies: problems and methodologies. Col·lecció Instrumenta 60. Universitat de Barcelona.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Desde que se iniciaron los estudios cliométricos, el interés por encontrar fórmulas y modelos que nos ayuden a entender la historia, particularmente la historia económica y social, han atraído la atención de muchos investigadores. Desde... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_39225386" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Desde que se iniciaron los estudios cliométricos, el interés por encontrar fórmulas y modelos que nos ayuden a entender la historia, particularmente la historia económica y social, han atraído la atención de muchos investigadores. Desde nuestra perspectiva, hemos prestado particular atención al estudio de datos concretos, pues nos hemos centrado en el estudio de las ánforas que contuvieron alimentos, sobre todo vino, aceite y conservas de pescado y su epigrafía y, a través de ellas, estudiar la dirección de los intercambios entre las diversas regiones del imperio romano y el papel que el estado jugó en dichas relaciones, en última instancia, la relación entre política y economía. En las últimas décadas, en relación directa con el progreso de los estudios sobre tipologías cerámicas, se ha avanzado notablemente en el desarrollo de los procedimientos de cuantificación. Este interés se integra en una preocupación más amplia por la cultura material romana, en particular las vajillas y los contenedores de alimentos, como instrumento para profundizar en el conocimiento de las formas de producción, distribución y consumo de productos manufacturados y de alimentos líquidos o semilíquidos que tuvieron gran importancia en la dieta romana. Así mismo, y gracias a un mejor conocimiento arqueológico de ciertas regiones del Mediterráneo, la cuantificación se ha convertido en una herramienta fundamental en la construcción de modelos explicativos sobre la producción agrícola y artesanal, y sobre las estructuras de distribución y consumo. El objetivo último es mejorar el conocimiento de la organización y dinámicas de la economía romana y proponer, en consecuencia, un marco interpretativo para definir la naturaleza de la misma.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/39225386" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="20af44764422669f0849df718e2a4360" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":59355598,"asset_id":39225386,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/59355598/download_file?st=MTc0MDU5OTM3Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="59220848" href="https://ub.academia.edu/Collecci%C3%B3Instrumenta">Instrumenta (book series)</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="59220848" type="text/json">{"id":59220848,"first_name":"Instrumenta","last_name":"(book series)","domain_name":"ub","page_name":"ColleccióInstrumenta","display_name":"Instrumenta (book series)","profile_url":"https://ub.academia.edu/Collecci%C3%B3Instrumenta?f_ri=32247","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/59220848/15474297/16088325/s65_instrumenta.berbedere.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_39225386 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="39225386"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 39225386, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_39225386", }); 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(Eds.) Cuantificar las economías antiguas. Problemas y métodos / Quantifying ancient economies: problems and methodologies. Col·lecció Instrumenta 60. Universitat de Barcelona.","created_at":"2019-05-22T07:54:06.276-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/39225386/Remesal_Rodr%C3%ADguez_J_Revilla_Calvo_V_Berm%C3%BAdez_Lorenzo_J_Eds_Cuantificar_las_econom%C3%ADas_antiguas_Problemas_y_m%C3%A9todos_Quantifying_ancient_economies_problems_and_methodologies_Col_lecci%C3%B3_Instrumenta_60_Universitat_de_Barcelona?f_ri=32247","dom_id":"work_39225386","summary":"Desde que se iniciaron los estudios cliométricos, el interés por encontrar fórmulas y modelos que nos ayuden a entender la historia, particularmente la historia económica y social, han atraído la atención de muchos investigadores. Desde nuestra perspectiva, hemos prestado particular atención al estudio de datos concretos, pues nos hemos centrado en el estudio de las ánforas que contuvieron alimentos, sobre todo vino, aceite y conservas de pescado y su epigrafía y, a través de ellas, estudiar la dirección de los intercambios entre las diversas regiones del imperio romano y el papel que el estado jugó en dichas relaciones, en última instancia, la relación entre política y economía. En las últimas décadas, en relación directa con el progreso de los estudios sobre tipologías cerámicas, se ha avanzado notablemente en el desarrollo de los procedimientos de cuantificación. Este interés se integra en una preocupación más amplia por la cultura material romana, en particular las vajillas y los contenedores de alimentos, como instrumento para profundizar en el conocimiento de las formas de producción, distribución y consumo de productos manufacturados y de alimentos líquidos o semilíquidos que tuvieron gran importancia en la dieta romana. Así mismo, y gracias a un mejor conocimiento arqueológico de ciertas regiones del Mediterráneo, la cuantificación se ha convertido en una herramienta fundamental en la construcción de modelos explicativos sobre la producción agrícola y artesanal, y sobre las estructuras de distribución y consumo. El objetivo último es mejorar el conocimiento de la organización y dinámicas de la economía romana y proponer, en consecuencia, un marco interpretativo para definir la naturaleza de la misma.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":59355598,"asset_id":39225386,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":59220848,"first_name":"Instrumenta","last_name":"(book series)","domain_name":"ub","page_name":"ColleccióInstrumenta","display_name":"Instrumenta (book series)","profile_url":"https://ub.academia.edu/Collecci%C3%B3Instrumenta?f_ri=32247","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/59220848/15474297/16088325/s65_instrumenta.berbedere.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true},{"id":829,"name":"Roman History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_History?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true},{"id":12620,"name":"Quantitative Methods","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quantitative_Methods?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true},{"id":12621,"name":"Quantitative methodology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quantitative_methodology?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true},{"id":16007,"name":"Ceramic Analysis (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ceramic_Analysis_Archaeology_?f_ri=32247"},{"id":19175,"name":"Quantification","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quantification?f_ri=32247"},{"id":23640,"name":"Roman Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Economy?f_ri=32247"},{"id":32247,"name":"Roman Trade Networks","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Trade_Networks?f_ri=32247"},{"id":37044,"name":"Roman imperial history","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_imperial_history?f_ri=32247"},{"id":74039,"name":"Quantifiers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quantifiers?f_ri=32247"},{"id":94618,"name":"Roman Amphorae","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Amphorae?f_ri=32247"},{"id":94620,"name":"Roman trade","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_trade?f_ri=32247"},{"id":95303,"name":"Quantificação","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quantificacao?f_ri=32247"},{"id":627741,"name":"Numismatic Quantification","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Numismatic_Quantification?f_ri=32247"},{"id":634974,"name":"Roman Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Archaeology?f_ri=32247"},{"id":1819045,"name":"Cuantificación","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cuantificaci%C3%B3n?f_ri=32247"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_43994427 coauthored" data-work_id="43994427" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/43994427/Fantuzzi_L_Cau_Ontiveros_M_A_Mas_Florit_C_Ch%C3%A1vez_%C3%81lvarez_E_Quaresma_J_C_2020_Primera_evidencia_de_%C3%A1nforas_tardorromanas_del_sur_de_Galicia_tipo_San_Marti%C3%B1o_de_Bueu_2_en_las_Baleares_un_ejemplar_hallado_en_Pollentia_Alc%C3%BAdia_Mallorca_Bolet%C3%ADn_de_la_SECAH_11_32_35">Fantuzzi, L., Cau Ontiveros, M.A., Mas Florit, C., Chávez-Álvarez, E., Quaresma, J.C. 2020. Primera evidencia de ánforas tardorromanas del sur de Galicia (tipo San Martiño de Bueu 2) en las Baleares: un ejemplar hallado en Pollentia (Alcúdia, Mallorca). Boletín de la SECAH 11: 32-35</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/43994427" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="61229c4ea0381f2088ad82974ad00685" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":64326240,"asset_id":43994427,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64326240/download_file?st=MTc0MDU5OTM3Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="829143" href="https://ub.academia.edu/LeandroFantuzzi">Leandro Fantuzzi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="829143" type="text/json">{"id":829143,"first_name":"Leandro","last_name":"Fantuzzi","domain_name":"ub","page_name":"LeandroFantuzzi","display_name":"Leandro Fantuzzi","profile_url":"https://ub.academia.edu/LeandroFantuzzi?f_ri=32247","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/829143/10338590/18889156/s65_leandro.fantuzzi.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-43994427">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-43994427"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://ub.academia.edu/CatalinaMasFlorit">Catalina Mas-Florit</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-43994427'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-43994427').html(); 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Primera evidencia de ánforas tardorromanas del sur de Galicia (tipo San Martiño de Bueu 2) en las Baleares: un ejemplar hallado en Pollentia (Alcúdia, Mallorca). 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Ces roches, issues de formations... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_47872818" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Les meules romaines recensées le long de la voie Boulogne – Bavay – Cologne sont taillées dans différents matériaux extraits de carrières spécifiques et mis en forme dans des ateliers spécialisés. Ces roches, issues de formations géologiques soigneusement sélectionnées, ont fait l’objet d’une exploitation massive durant l’Antiquité pour la taille de meules, et leur extraction a laissé localement des stigmates encore bien visibles dans le paysage. Ces productions sont retrouvées sous forme de produits finis sur la plupart des sites de consommation du nord de la Gaule et de Germanie, et l’étude de leur distribution permet d’aborder les systèmes économiques antiques sous un angle nouveau.<br />Le commerce des biens pondéreux apparaît dépendre de plusieurs facteurs liés, non seulement à la ressource (disponibilité et accessibilité des ressources géologiques), mais aussi aux implantations humaines et à la disposition des voies de communication qui fournissent des débouchés. Ainsi en fonction de l’implantation des carrières sur le territoire, certaines productions circulent par la route, d’autres par voie fluviale voire maritime. La redistribution secondaire apparaît plus multimodale, ce qui permet d’atteindre tous les marchés demandeurs. Quand des « anomalies » de répartition se dessinent, celles-ci sont au contraire très rationnelles et sont liées au temps de parcours réalisé par les productions équivalentes et concurrentes dans l’autre sens.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/47872818" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2a9ade9c4c7313869a08458a7ff32783" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":66774328,"asset_id":47872818,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/66774328/download_file?st=MTc0MDU5OTM3Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2411425" href="https://univ-lille.academia.edu/PaulPicavet">Paul Picavet</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2411425" type="text/json">{"id":2411425,"first_name":"Paul","last_name":"Picavet","domain_name":"univ-lille","page_name":"PaulPicavet","display_name":"Paul Picavet","profile_url":"https://univ-lille.academia.edu/PaulPicavet?f_ri=32247","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2411425/756420/19307929/s65_paul.picavet.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_47872818 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="47872818"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 47872818, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_47872818", }); 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Ces roches, issues de formations géologiques soigneusement sélectionnées, ont fait l’objet d’une exploitation massive durant l’Antiquité pour la taille de meules, et leur extraction a laissé localement des stigmates encore bien visibles dans le paysage. Ces productions sont retrouvées sous forme de produits finis sur la plupart des sites de consommation du nord de la Gaule et de Germanie, et l’étude de leur distribution permet d’aborder les systèmes économiques antiques sous un angle nouveau.\nLe commerce des biens pondéreux apparaît dépendre de plusieurs facteurs liés, non seulement à la ressource (disponibilité et accessibilité des ressources géologiques), mais aussi aux implantations humaines et à la disposition des voies de communication qui fournissent des débouchés. Ainsi en fonction de l’implantation des carrières sur le territoire, certaines productions circulent par la route, d’autres par voie fluviale voire maritime. La redistribution secondaire apparaît plus multimodale, ce qui permet d’atteindre tous les marchés demandeurs. Quand des « anomalies » de répartition se dessinent, celles-ci sont au contraire très rationnelles et sont liées au temps de parcours réalisé par les productions équivalentes et concurrentes dans l’autre sens.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":66774328,"asset_id":47872818,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2411425,"first_name":"Paul","last_name":"Picavet","domain_name":"univ-lille","page_name":"PaulPicavet","display_name":"Paul Picavet","profile_url":"https://univ-lille.academia.edu/PaulPicavet?f_ri=32247","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2411425/756420/19307929/s65_paul.picavet.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":23640,"name":"Roman Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Economy?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true},{"id":32247,"name":"Roman Trade Networks","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Trade_Networks?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true},{"id":40134,"name":"Roman Gaul","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Gaul?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true},{"id":111312,"name":"Ancient Quarries","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Quarries?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true},{"id":326272,"name":"Rotary querns and millstones","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rotary_querns_and_millstones?f_ri=32247"},{"id":634974,"name":"Roman Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Archaeology?f_ri=32247"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_36117860" data-work_id="36117860" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36117860/Entre_Cal%C3%A8tes_et_V%C3%A9liocasses_usages_et_%C3%A9changes_autour_de_la_Seine_L_apport_de_l_instrumentum_XIIIe_journ%C3%A9e_sur_lOuest_de_la_Gaule_Valognes_6_7_avril_2018_">Entre Calètes et Véliocasses, usages et échanges autour de la Seine. L’apport de l’instrumentum. XIIIe journée sur l'Ouest de la Gaule (Valognes, 6-7 avril 2018)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Communication présentée lors de la XIIIe journée sur l'Ouest de la Gaule à l'époque romaine, organisée par l'Université de Bretagne Occidentale à Valognes les 6 et 7 avril 2018.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/36117860" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="de06c66f87d1278a6044872ce90777c8" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":56009978,"asset_id":36117860,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56009978/download_file?st=MTc0MDU5OTM3Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="11118081" href="https://univ-nantes.academia.edu/MalinaRobert">Malina Robert</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="11118081" type="text/json">{"id":11118081,"first_name":"Malina","last_name":"Robert","domain_name":"univ-nantes","page_name":"MalinaRobert","display_name":"Malina Robert","profile_url":"https://univ-nantes.academia.edu/MalinaRobert?f_ri=32247","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/11118081/3284701/11502299/s65_malina.robert.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_36117860 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="36117860"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 36117860, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_36117860", }); 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XIIIe journée sur l'Ouest de la Gaule (Valognes, 6-7 avril 2018)","created_at":"2018-03-09T04:41:51.309-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/36117860/Entre_Cal%C3%A8tes_et_V%C3%A9liocasses_usages_et_%C3%A9changes_autour_de_la_Seine_L_apport_de_l_instrumentum_XIIIe_journ%C3%A9e_sur_lOuest_de_la_Gaule_Valognes_6_7_avril_2018_?f_ri=32247","dom_id":"work_36117860","summary":"Communication présentée lors de la XIIIe journée sur l'Ouest de la Gaule à l'époque romaine, organisée par l'Université de Bretagne Occidentale à Valognes les 6 et 7 avril 2018.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":56009978,"asset_id":36117860,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":11118081,"first_name":"Malina","last_name":"Robert","domain_name":"univ-nantes","page_name":"MalinaRobert","display_name":"Malina Robert","profile_url":"https://univ-nantes.academia.edu/MalinaRobert?f_ri=32247","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/11118081/3284701/11502299/s65_malina.robert.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":24035,"name":"Metal Finds (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metal_Finds_Archaeology_?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true},{"id":24670,"name":"Roman Baths (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Baths_Archaeology_?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true},{"id":25991,"name":"Urban archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urban_archaeology?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true},{"id":32247,"name":"Roman Trade Networks","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Trade_Networks?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true},{"id":48073,"name":"Gallo-roman archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gallo-roman_archaeology?f_ri=32247"},{"id":77107,"name":"Roman Bronze Vessels","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Bronze_Vessels?f_ri=32247"},{"id":90262,"name":"Roman Small Finds","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Small_Finds?f_ri=32247"},{"id":99059,"name":"Instrumentum domesticum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Instrumentum_domesticum?f_ri=32247"},{"id":100350,"name":"Roman military equipment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_military_equipment?f_ri=32247"},{"id":181430,"name":"Roman urban crafts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_urban_crafts?f_ri=32247"},{"id":374649,"name":"Roman aristocracy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_aristocracy?f_ri=32247"},{"id":499239,"name":"Gaule romaine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gaule_romaine?f_ri=32247"},{"id":634974,"name":"Roman Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Archaeology?f_ri=32247"},{"id":729862,"name":"Seine Valley","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seine_Valley?f_ri=32247"},{"id":2447924,"name":"Seine-Maritime","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seine-Maritime?f_ri=32247"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_41973653" data-work_id="41973653" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/41973653/_2019_El_comer%C3%A7_del_vi_laiet%C3%A0_procedent_del_Maresme_cap_a_It%C3%A0lia_en_%C3%A8poca_romana">(2019): El comerç del vi laietà procedent del Maresme cap a Itàlia en època romana</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Aquest treball consisteix en una breu sistematizació de les produccions amforals de les diferents terrisseries situades a l'actual comarca catalana del Maresme que van ser exportades al cor de l'imperi romà. Mitjançant l'estudi de la... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_41973653" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Aquest treball consisteix en una breu sistematizació de les produccions amforals de les diferents terrisseries situades a l'actual comarca catalana del Maresme que van ser exportades al cor de l'imperi romà. Mitjançant l'estudi de la difusió de les marques epigràfiques sobre àmfora procedents d'aquests tallers ceràmics, hem pogut establir els vins laietans que arribarien per via marítima fins a la península Itàlica.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/41973653" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c219d9ed533a9e2079ded4a4dda95bab" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":62098316,"asset_id":41973653,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/62098316/download_file?st=MTc0MDU5OTM3Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="7120822" href="https://uned.academia.edu/EnricColomMendoza">Enric Colom Mendoza</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="7120822" type="text/json">{"id":7120822,"first_name":"Enric","last_name":"Colom Mendoza","domain_name":"uned","page_name":"EnricColomMendoza","display_name":"Enric Colom Mendoza","profile_url":"https://uned.academia.edu/EnricColomMendoza?f_ri=32247","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/7120822/2676278/135382884/s65_enric.colom_mendoza.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_41973653 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="41973653"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 41973653, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_41973653", }); 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Mitjançant l'estudi de la difusió de les marques epigràfiques sobre àmfora procedents d'aquests tallers ceràmics, hem pogut establir els vins laietans que arribarien per via marítima fins a la península Itàlica.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":62098316,"asset_id":41973653,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":7120822,"first_name":"Enric","last_name":"Colom Mendoza","domain_name":"uned","page_name":"EnricColomMendoza","display_name":"Enric Colom Mendoza","profile_url":"https://uned.academia.edu/EnricColomMendoza?f_ri=32247","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/7120822/2676278/135382884/s65_enric.colom_mendoza.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":15807,"name":"Latin Epigraphy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_Epigraphy?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true},{"id":27001,"name":"Archaeology of Roman Hispania","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology_of_Roman_Hispania?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true},{"id":32247,"name":"Roman Trade Networks","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Trade_Networks?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true},{"id":94618,"name":"Roman Amphorae","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Amphorae?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true},{"id":99059,"name":"Instrumentum domesticum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Instrumentum_domesticum?f_ri=32247"},{"id":750343,"name":"Provincia Hispania Citerior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Provincia_Hispania_Citerior?f_ri=32247"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_41344246" data-work_id="41344246" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/41344246/Roman_Settlements_along_the_Drava_River">Roman Settlements along the Drava River</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The second Aguntum workshop focused on the location of the Municipium Claudium Aguntum on the upper reaches of the Drava. The contributions published in volume 3 of the series Ager Aguntinus investigate to what extent the Roman... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_41344246" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The second Aguntum workshop focused on the location of the Municipium Claudium Aguntum on the upper reaches of the Drava. The contributions published in volume 3 of the series Ager Aguntinus investigate to what extent the Roman settlements along the river route were in contact with each other – from the source of the Drava to its confluence with the Danube. Archaeological findings from Austria, Slovenia and Croatia suggest possible connection points.<br />The importance of river routes as trade routes in Roman times is indicated by the research presented on the traffic routes along the Po in northern Italy and the Ljubljanica in Slovenia. Not least on the basis of corresponding findings from Aguntum and Aquileia, it becomes clear that river ports are to be expected in Roman cities. In this way, the volume offers not only a compilation of Roman findings from these very settlements but also a discussion of the significance of river trade, even beyond the Drava River.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/41344246" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="45de8295b8a5c134d84f93ca9fae6f48" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":61547147,"asset_id":41344246,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/61547147/download_file?st=MTc0MDU5OTM3Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="514865" href="https://uibk.academia.edu/MartinAuer">Martin Auer</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="514865" type="text/json">{"id":514865,"first_name":"Martin","last_name":"Auer","domain_name":"uibk","page_name":"MartinAuer","display_name":"Martin Auer","profile_url":"https://uibk.academia.edu/MartinAuer?f_ri=32247","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/514865/2725994/163258665/s65_martin.auer.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_41344246 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="41344246"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 41344246, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_41344246", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=41344246]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_41344246").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_41344246").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="41344246"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="392" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology">Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="392" type="text/json">{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2213" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pottery_Archaeology_">Pottery (Archaeology)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2213" type="text/json">{"id":2213,"name":"Pottery (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pottery_Archaeology_?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2473" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Material_Culture_Studies">Material Culture Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2473" type="text/json">{"id":2473,"name":"Material Culture Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Material_Culture_Studies?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="20728" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Pottery">Roman Pottery</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="20728" type="text/json">{"id":20728,"name":"Roman Pottery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Pottery?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=41344246]'), work: {"id":41344246,"title":"Roman Settlements along the Drava River","created_at":"2019-12-17T23:22:07.601-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/41344246/Roman_Settlements_along_the_Drava_River?f_ri=32247","dom_id":"work_41344246","summary":"The second Aguntum workshop focused on the location of the Municipium Claudium Aguntum on the upper reaches of the Drava. The contributions published in volume 3 of the series Ager Aguntinus investigate to what extent the Roman settlements along the river route were in contact with each other – from the source of the Drava to its confluence with the Danube. Archaeological findings from Austria, Slovenia and Croatia suggest possible connection points.\nThe importance of river routes as trade routes in Roman times is indicated by the research presented on the traffic routes along the Po in northern Italy and the Ljubljanica in Slovenia. Not least on the basis of corresponding findings from Aguntum and Aquileia, it becomes clear that river ports are to be expected in Roman cities. In this way, the volume offers not only a compilation of Roman findings from these very settlements but also a discussion of the significance of river trade, even beyond the Drava River.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":61547147,"asset_id":41344246,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":514865,"first_name":"Martin","last_name":"Auer","domain_name":"uibk","page_name":"MartinAuer","display_name":"Martin Auer","profile_url":"https://uibk.academia.edu/MartinAuer?f_ri=32247","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/514865/2725994/163258665/s65_martin.auer.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true},{"id":2213,"name":"Pottery (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pottery_Archaeology_?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true},{"id":2473,"name":"Material Culture Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Material_Culture_Studies?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true},{"id":20728,"name":"Roman Pottery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Pottery?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true},{"id":23640,"name":"Roman Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Economy?f_ri=32247"},{"id":32247,"name":"Roman Trade Networks","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Trade_Networks?f_ri=32247"},{"id":34650,"name":"Archaeology of Roman Pannonia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology_of_Roman_Pannonia?f_ri=32247"},{"id":167664,"name":"Arqueología romana / Roman archeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arqueologia_romana_Roman_archeology?f_ri=32247"},{"id":169151,"name":"Archaeology of Roman Noricum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology_of_Roman_Noricum?f_ri=32247"},{"id":634974,"name":"Roman Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Archaeology?f_ri=32247"},{"id":948996,"name":"Decima Regio Venetia Et Histria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Decima_Regio_Venetia_Et_Histria?f_ri=32247"},{"id":1006290,"name":"Drava River","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drava_River?f_ri=32247"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_43788662 coauthored" data-work_id="43788662" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/43788662/El_yacimiento_subacu%C3%A1tico_de_Las_Amoladeras_Cabo_de_Palos_Cartagena_Nuevos_enfoques_arqueom%C3%A9tricos">El yacimiento subacuático de Las Amoladeras, Cabo de Palos (Cartagena). Nuevos enfoques arqueométricos</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The aim of this article is to reinterpret a well-known underwater archaeological site located at Las Amoladeras, in La Manga del Mar Menor, near Cabo de Palos. For this purpose, after a historiographical review of the existing... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_43788662" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The aim of this article is to reinterpret a well-known underwater archaeological site located at Las Amoladeras, in La Manga del Mar Menor, near Cabo de Palos. For this purpose, after a historiographical review of the existing bibliography, we have studied, contextualized and undertaken isotopic analyses of some of the most interesting material from this archaeological site, as well as a plomo monetiforme (coin-like lead token) of the same type as those recovered at Las Amoladeras and the ones that circulated in the Balearic Islands. The lead isotope analyses carried out on the aforementioned artefacts allow us to determine the origin of the ore used in the first two objects as Cartagena – Mazarrón and the Sierra Morena respectively. However, the lead used in the manufacture of the plomo monetiforme seems to reflect a mixture of metals. Based on all the above, we interpret this site as the remains of a shipwreck dating from the 50-30 B.C. that was carrying a cargo composed in part, if not almost exclusively, of metallic items, mostly lead objects, probably to be sold and recycled. Las Amoladeras can therefore be contextualized in a very specific historical and economic framework, that of the commercialization and reuse of the lead in late Republican Hispania.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/43788662" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e4b7ae276a3766402410022d6ef2c20f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":64261463,"asset_id":43788662,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64261463/download_file?st=MTc0MDU5OTM3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="371134" href="https://uvic.academia.edu/AlejandroGSinner">Alejandro G. Sinner</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="371134" type="text/json">{"id":371134,"first_name":"Alejandro","last_name":"G. Sinner","domain_name":"uvic","page_name":"AlejandroGSinner","display_name":"Alejandro G. Sinner","profile_url":"https://uvic.academia.edu/AlejandroGSinner?f_ri=32247","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/371134/96834/118171051/s65_alejandro.g._sinner.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-43788662">+2</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-43788662"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://uv.academia.edu/DavidMart%C3%ADnezChico">David Martínez-Chico</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/MarcoFerrante1">Marco Ferrante</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-43788662'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-43788662').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_43788662 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="43788662"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 43788662, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_43788662", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_43788662 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43788662; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_43788662"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_43788662 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="43788662"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43788662; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=43788662]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_43788662").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_43788662").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="43788662"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="829" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_History">Roman History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="829" type="text/json">{"id":829,"name":"Roman History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_History?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1703" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stable_Isotope_Analysis">Stable Isotope Analysis</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1703" type="text/json">{"id":1703,"name":"Stable Isotope Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stable_Isotope_Analysis?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22825" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology_of_the_Iberian_Peninsula">Archaeology of the Iberian Peninsula</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="22825" type="text/json">{"id":22825,"name":"Archaeology of the Iberian Peninsula","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology_of_the_Iberian_Peninsula?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="23640" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Economy">Roman Economy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="23640" type="text/json">{"id":23640,"name":"Roman Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Economy?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=43788662]'), work: {"id":43788662,"title":"El yacimiento subacuático de Las Amoladeras, Cabo de Palos (Cartagena). Nuevos enfoques arqueométricos","created_at":"2020-08-05T06:58:23.676-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/43788662/El_yacimiento_subacu%C3%A1tico_de_Las_Amoladeras_Cabo_de_Palos_Cartagena_Nuevos_enfoques_arqueom%C3%A9tricos?f_ri=32247","dom_id":"work_43788662","summary":"The aim of this article is to reinterpret a well-known underwater archaeological site located at Las Amoladeras, in La Manga del Mar Menor, near Cabo de Palos. For this purpose, after a historiographical review of the existing bibliography, we have studied, contextualized and undertaken isotopic analyses of some of the most interesting material from this archaeological site, as well as a plomo monetiforme (coin-like lead token) of the same type as those recovered at Las Amoladeras and the ones that circulated in the Balearic Islands. The lead isotope analyses carried out on the aforementioned artefacts allow us to determine the origin of the ore used in the first two objects as Cartagena – Mazarrón and the Sierra Morena respectively. However, the lead used in the manufacture of the plomo monetiforme seems to reflect a mixture of metals. Based on all the above, we interpret this site as the remains of a shipwreck dating from the 50-30 B.C. that was carrying a cargo composed in part, if not almost exclusively, of metallic items, mostly lead objects, probably to be sold and recycled. Las Amoladeras can therefore be contextualized in a very specific historical and economic framework, that of the commercialization and reuse of the lead in late Republican Hispania.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":64261463,"asset_id":43788662,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":371134,"first_name":"Alejandro","last_name":"G. Sinner","domain_name":"uvic","page_name":"AlejandroGSinner","display_name":"Alejandro G. Sinner","profile_url":"https://uvic.academia.edu/AlejandroGSinner?f_ri=32247","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/371134/96834/118171051/s65_alejandro.g._sinner.jpg"},{"id":1480936,"first_name":"David","last_name":"Martínez-Chico","domain_name":"uv","page_name":"DavidMartínezChico","display_name":"David Martínez-Chico","profile_url":"https://uv.academia.edu/DavidMart%C3%ADnezChico?f_ri=32247","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1480936/528496/35540202/s65_david.mart_nez-chico.jpeg"},{"id":57102807,"first_name":"Marco","last_name":"Ferrante","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MarcoFerrante1","display_name":"Marco Ferrante","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MarcoFerrante1?f_ri=32247","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/57102807/21562235/20918200/s65_marco.ferrante.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":829,"name":"Roman History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_History?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true},{"id":1703,"name":"Stable Isotope Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stable_Isotope_Analysis?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true},{"id":22825,"name":"Archaeology of the Iberian Peninsula","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology_of_the_Iberian_Peninsula?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true},{"id":23640,"name":"Roman Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Economy?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true},{"id":27001,"name":"Archaeology of Roman Hispania","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology_of_Roman_Hispania?f_ri=32247"},{"id":29709,"name":"Underwater Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Underwater_Archaeology?f_ri=32247"},{"id":32247,"name":"Roman Trade Networks","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Trade_Networks?f_ri=32247"},{"id":38106,"name":"Mediterranean Underwater Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mediterranean_Underwater_Archaeology?f_ri=32247"},{"id":140516,"name":"Lead Isotope Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lead_Isotope_Analysis?f_ri=32247"},{"id":167664,"name":"Arqueología romana / Roman archeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arqueologia_romana_Roman_archeology?f_ri=32247"},{"id":340255,"name":"Hispania romana","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hispania_romana?f_ri=32247"},{"id":634974,"name":"Roman Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Archaeology?f_ri=32247"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_2872001" data-work_id="2872001" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2872001/El_transporte_mar%C3%ADtimo_de_grano_en_%C3%A9poca_romana_Problem%C3%A1tica_arqueol%C3%B3gica">El transporte marítimo de grano en época romana. Problemática arqueológica</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">En este trabajo nos proponemos analizar las recientes investigaciones arqueológicas relativas al transporte marítimo de grano en época romana, tratando de indicar a su vez las limitaciones de estas fuentes de información. Los resultados... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_2872001" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">En este trabajo nos proponemos analizar las recientes investigaciones arqueológicas relativas al transporte marítimo de grano en época romana, tratando de indicar a su vez las limitaciones de estas fuentes de información. Los resultados de los análisis arqueobotánicos realizados en los últimos años nos informan principalmente de la importación de grano, así como de los insectos asociados que, bien por encontrarse en los propios pecios o en los lugares de recepción de los alimentos, nos permiten deducir su transporte por vía marítima. También el avance de los trabajos enmarcados en la denominada Arqueología Náutica nos brinda la oportunidad de conocer las embarcaciones y las operaciones de trasbordo de los grandes navíos cargueros que surcaban los mares, a partir del estudio de los pecios y las estructuras portuarias descubiertas. Por otro lado, los problemas de conservación y documentación de los alimentos que viajaban a bordo de los barcos nos obligan a recurrir a fuentes indirectas que nos hablan del transporte marítimo de diferentes tipos de grano. En este sentido, trataremos de analizar la información procedente de los lugares de recepción que, dotados de enormes horrea, estratégicamente situados en zonas costeras, nos advierten de la existencia de un transporte de grano importado por vía marítima, especialmente durante las operaciones militares de conquista, hipótesis que se ha podido corroborar gracias a los recientes análisis arqueobotánicos.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/2872001" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c6f579198c27823a60349e860d5f519c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":32830177,"asset_id":2872001,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32830177/download_file?st=MTc0MDU5OTM3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="483676" href="https://uam.academia.edu/JavierSalidoDom%C3%ADnguez">Javier Salido Domínguez</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="483676" type="text/json">{"id":483676,"first_name":"Javier","last_name":"Salido Domínguez","domain_name":"uam","page_name":"JavierSalidoDomínguez","display_name":"Javier Salido Domínguez","profile_url":"https://uam.academia.edu/JavierSalidoDom%C3%ADnguez?f_ri=32247","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/483676/163892/101196019/s65_javier.salido_dom_nguez.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_2872001 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="2872001"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 2872001, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_2872001", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2872001]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_2872001").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_2872001").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="2872001"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">30</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="829" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_History">Roman History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="829" type="text/json">{"id":829,"name":"Roman History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_History?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6858" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_History">Food History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6858" type="text/json">{"id":6858,"name":"Food History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_History?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9161" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Shipping_Transport_Logistics">Shipping/ Transport Logistics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9161" type="text/json">{"id":9161,"name":"Shipping/ Transport Logistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Shipping_Transport_Logistics?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9163" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Shipping">Shipping</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="9163" type="text/json">{"id":9163,"name":"Shipping","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Shipping?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=2872001]'), work: {"id":2872001,"title":"El transporte marítimo de grano en época romana. Problemática arqueológica","created_at":"2013-03-03T19:46:52.279-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/2872001/El_transporte_mar%C3%ADtimo_de_grano_en_%C3%A9poca_romana_Problem%C3%A1tica_arqueol%C3%B3gica?f_ri=32247","dom_id":"work_2872001","summary":"En este trabajo nos proponemos analizar las recientes investigaciones arqueológicas relativas al transporte marítimo de grano en época romana, tratando de indicar a su vez las limitaciones de estas fuentes de información. Los resultados de los análisis arqueobotánicos realizados en los últimos años nos informan principalmente de la importación de grano, así como de los insectos asociados que, bien por encontrarse en los propios pecios o en los lugares de recepción de los alimentos, nos permiten deducir su transporte por vía marítima. También el avance de los trabajos enmarcados en la denominada Arqueología Náutica nos brinda la oportunidad de conocer las embarcaciones y las operaciones de trasbordo de los grandes navíos cargueros que surcaban los mares, a partir del estudio de los pecios y las estructuras portuarias descubiertas. Por otro lado, los problemas de conservación y documentación de los alimentos que viajaban a bordo de los barcos nos obligan a recurrir a fuentes indirectas que nos hablan del transporte marítimo de diferentes tipos de grano. En este sentido, trataremos de analizar la información procedente de los lugares de recepción que, dotados de enormes horrea, estratégicamente situados en zonas costeras, nos advierten de la existencia de un transporte de grano importado por vía marítima, especialmente durante las operaciones militares de conquista, hipótesis que se ha podido corroborar gracias a los recientes análisis arqueobotánicos.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":32830177,"asset_id":2872001,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":483676,"first_name":"Javier","last_name":"Salido Domínguez","domain_name":"uam","page_name":"JavierSalidoDomínguez","display_name":"Javier Salido Domínguez","profile_url":"https://uam.academia.edu/JavierSalidoDom%C3%ADnguez?f_ri=32247","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/483676/163892/101196019/s65_javier.salido_dom_nguez.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":829,"name":"Roman History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_History?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true},{"id":6858,"name":"Food History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_History?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true},{"id":9161,"name":"Shipping/ Transport Logistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Shipping_Transport_Logistics?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true},{"id":9163,"name":"Shipping","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Shipping?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true},{"id":16759,"name":"Roman Britain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Britain?f_ri=32247"},{"id":18425,"name":"Roman military archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_military_archaeology?f_ri=32247"},{"id":18426,"name":"Roman military history","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_military_history?f_ri=32247"},{"id":21324,"name":"Roman Army","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Army?f_ri=32247"},{"id":23555,"name":"Roman Empire","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Empire?f_ri=32247"},{"id":23640,"name":"Roman Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Economy?f_ri=32247"},{"id":32247,"name":"Roman Trade Networks","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Trade_Networks?f_ri=32247"},{"id":33377,"name":"Roman Egypt","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Egypt?f_ri=32247"},{"id":44631,"name":"Ancient Shipwrecks","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Shipwrecks?f_ri=32247"},{"id":48230,"name":"Roman Provincial Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Provincial_Archaeology?f_ri=32247"},{"id":48437,"name":"Rome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rome?f_ri=32247"},{"id":79005,"name":"Roman food and drink","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_food_and_drink?f_ri=32247"},{"id":92448,"name":"Indo-Roman Trade","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indo-Roman_Trade?f_ri=32247"},{"id":93769,"name":"Shipbuilding","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Shipbuilding?f_ri=32247"},{"id":95239,"name":"Roman Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Africa?f_ri=32247"},{"id":99285,"name":"Roman Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Architecture?f_ri=32247"},{"id":119014,"name":"Roman Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Art?f_ri=32247"},{"id":124373,"name":"Ancient Roman Food - Roman Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Roman_Food_-_Roman_Anthropology?f_ri=32247"},{"id":129361,"name":"Horrea","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Horrea?f_ri=32247"},{"id":143392,"name":"Ancient Roman economy, trade and commerce","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Roman_economy_trade_and_commerce?f_ri=32247"},{"id":193709,"name":"Roman horrea","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_horrea?f_ri=32247"},{"id":219650,"name":"Grain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Grain?f_ri=32247"},{"id":252032,"name":"Graeco-Roman Shipbuilding","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Graeco-Roman_Shipbuilding?f_ri=32247"},{"id":371203,"name":"Annona","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Annona?f_ri=32247"},{"id":414176,"name":"Tribute","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tribute?f_ri=32247"},{"id":634974,"name":"Roman Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Archaeology?f_ri=32247"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_30869390 coauthored" data-work_id="30869390" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/30869390/Meet_The_Romans_with_Mary_Beard_Monte_Testaccio">Meet The Romans with Mary Beard. Monte Testaccio.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">All Roads Lead to Rome Meet the Romans with Mary BeardEpisode (1 of 3) We still live in the shadow of ancient Rome - a city at the heart of a vast empire that stretched from Scotland to Afghanistan, dominating the West for over 700... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_30869390" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">All Roads Lead to Rome<br /><br />Meet the Romans with Mary BeardEpisode (1 of 3)<br /><br />We still live in the shadow of ancient Rome - a city at the heart of a vast empire that stretched from Scotland to Afghanistan, dominating the West for over 700 years. Professor Mary Beard puts aside the stories of emperors and armies, guts and gore, to meet the real Romans living at the heart of it all.<br /><br />In this programme, Mary asks not what the Romans did for us, but what the empire did for Rome.<br /><br />She rides the Via Appia, climbs up to the top seats of the Colosseum, takes a boat to Rome's port Ostia and takes us into the bowels of Monte Testaccio. She also meets some extraordinary Romans: Eurysaces, an eccentric baker, who made a fortune out of the grain trade and built his tomb in the shape of a giant bread oven; Baricha, Zabda and Achiba, three prisoners of war who became Roman citizens; and Pupius Amicus, the purple dye seller making imperial dye from shellfish imported from Tunisia. This is Rome from the bottom up.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/30869390" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d4b750723bcafb33f87ef52ee77b3f93" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":51295707,"asset_id":30869390,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51295707/download_file?st=MTc0MDU5OTM3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3232342" href="https://barcelona.academia.edu/Jos%C3%A9RemesalRodr%C3%ADguez">José Remesal Rodríguez</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3232342" type="text/json">{"id":3232342,"first_name":"José","last_name":"Remesal Rodríguez","domain_name":"barcelona","page_name":"JoséRemesalRodríguez","display_name":"José Remesal Rodríguez","profile_url":"https://barcelona.academia.edu/Jos%C3%A9RemesalRodr%C3%ADguez?f_ri=32247","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3232342/1064709/1329244/s65_jos_.remesal_rodr_guez.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-30869390">+5</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-30869390"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://ub.academia.edu/VictorRevilla">Victor Revilla Calvo</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://ub.academia.edu/AntonioAguileraMartin">Antonio Aguilera Martin</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://uah-es.academia.edu/JordiP%C3%A9rezGonz%C3%A1lez">Jordi Pérez González</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://unipd.academia.edu/JoanRodr%C3%ADguezSegura">Joan Rodríguez-Segura</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://sas.academia.edu/RosarioRoviraGuardiola">Rosario Rovira Guardiola</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-30869390'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-30869390').html(); 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Monte Testaccio.","created_at":"2017-01-10T23:52:59.801-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/30869390/Meet_The_Romans_with_Mary_Beard_Monte_Testaccio?f_ri=32247","dom_id":"work_30869390","summary":"All Roads Lead to Rome\n\nMeet the Romans with Mary BeardEpisode (1 of 3)\n\nWe still live in the shadow of ancient Rome - a city at the heart of a vast empire that stretched from Scotland to Afghanistan, dominating the West for over 700 years. Professor Mary Beard puts aside the stories of emperors and armies, guts and gore, to meet the real Romans living at the heart of it all.\n\nIn this programme, Mary asks not what the Romans did for us, but what the empire did for Rome.\n\nShe rides the Via Appia, climbs up to the top seats of the Colosseum, takes a boat to Rome's port Ostia and takes us into the bowels of Monte Testaccio. She also meets some extraordinary Romans: Eurysaces, an eccentric baker, who made a fortune out of the grain trade and built his tomb in the shape of a giant bread oven; Baricha, Zabda and Achiba, three prisoners of war who became Roman citizens; and Pupius Amicus, the purple dye seller making imperial dye from shellfish imported from Tunisia. This is Rome from the bottom up.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":51295707,"asset_id":30869390,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3232342,"first_name":"José","last_name":"Remesal Rodríguez","domain_name":"barcelona","page_name":"JoséRemesalRodríguez","display_name":"José Remesal Rodríguez","profile_url":"https://barcelona.academia.edu/Jos%C3%A9RemesalRodr%C3%ADguez?f_ri=32247","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3232342/1064709/1329244/s65_jos_.remesal_rodr_guez.jpg"},{"id":198978,"first_name":"Victor","last_name":"Revilla Calvo","domain_name":"ub","page_name":"VictorRevilla","display_name":"Victor Revilla Calvo","profile_url":"https://ub.academia.edu/VictorRevilla?f_ri=32247","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/198978/3261741/4023849/s65_revilla.victor.jpg"},{"id":35472481,"first_name":"Antonio","last_name":"Aguilera Martin","domain_name":"ub","page_name":"AntonioAguileraMartin","display_name":"Antonio Aguilera Martin","profile_url":"https://ub.academia.edu/AntonioAguileraMartin?f_ri=32247","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":4685227,"first_name":"Jordi","last_name":"Pérez González","domain_name":"uah-es","page_name":"JordiPérezGonzález","display_name":"Jordi Pérez González","profile_url":"https://uah-es.academia.edu/JordiP%C3%A9rezGonz%C3%A1lez?f_ri=32247","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4685227/1972142/11473507/s65_jordi.p_rez_gonz_lez.jpg"},{"id":1986751,"first_name":"Joan","last_name":"Rodríguez-Segura","domain_name":"unipd","page_name":"JoanRodríguezSegura","display_name":"Joan Rodríguez-Segura","profile_url":"https://unipd.academia.edu/JoanRodr%C3%ADguezSegura?f_ri=32247","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1986751/2686227/34941660/s65_joan.rodr_guez-segura.jpg"},{"id":6780917,"first_name":"Rosario","last_name":"Rovira Guardiola","domain_name":"sas","page_name":"RosarioRoviraGuardiola","display_name":"Rosario Rovira Guardiola","profile_url":"https://sas.academia.edu/RosarioRoviraGuardiola?f_ri=32247","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6780917/2640864/3070847/s65_charo.rovira_guardiola.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":23640,"name":"Roman Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Economy?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true},{"id":32247,"name":"Roman Trade Networks","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Trade_Networks?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true},{"id":33905,"name":"Amphorae (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Amphorae_Archaeology_?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true},{"id":66558,"name":"Stamped Amphora handles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stamped_Amphora_handles?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true},{"id":94618,"name":"Roman Amphorae","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Amphorae?f_ri=32247"},{"id":94620,"name":"Roman trade","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_trade?f_ri=32247"},{"id":143392,"name":"Ancient Roman economy, trade and commerce","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Roman_economy_trade_and_commerce?f_ri=32247"},{"id":246116,"name":"Monte Testaccio","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Monte_Testaccio?f_ri=32247"},{"id":459557,"name":"Mary Beard, Pompeii: The Life of a Roman Town","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mary_Beard_Pompeii_The_Life_of_a_Roman_Town?f_ri=32247"},{"id":485045,"name":"Mary Beard","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mary_Beard?f_ri=32247"},{"id":558257,"name":"Bbc.co.uk","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bbc.co.uk?f_ri=32247"},{"id":683740,"name":"Testaccio, Anfore","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Testaccio_Anfore?f_ri=32247"},{"id":1551772,"name":"Mattatoio di Testaccio","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mattatoio_di_Testaccio?f_ri=32247"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1047110" data-work_id="1047110" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1047110/Horrea_Militaria_El_aprovisionamiento_de_grano_al_ej%C3%A9rcito_en_el_Occidente_del_Imperio_Romano_pr%C3%B3logo_de_C_Fern%C3%A1ndez_Ochoa_y_A_Morillo_Anejos_de_Gladius_14_Madrid_2011_ISBN_978_84_00_09408_9">Horrea Militaria. El aprovisionamiento de grano al ejército en el Occidente del Imperio Romano (prólogo de C. Fernández Ochoa y A. Morillo), Anejos de Gladius 14, Madrid, 2011. ISBN 978-84-00-09408-9.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">"Estas páginas contienen una reflexión sobre un tema importante en el mundo antiguo: el aprovisionamiento de cereal al ejército romano. El hecho de que la base de la alimentación fuera el grano y su ausencia la causa más frecuente del... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_1047110" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">"Estas páginas contienen una reflexión sobre un tema importante en el mundo antiguo: el aprovisionamiento de cereal al ejército romano. El hecho de que la base de la alimentación fuera el grano y su ausencia la causa más frecuente del descontento y de las sublevaciones en el seno del ejército motivó el desarrollo de férreos mecanismos de control y administración de los alimentos enviados a las tropas. Este trabajo ofrece información novedosa sobre este asunto y proporciona las claves para conocer mejor la dieta del soldado y las infraestructuras y construcciones asociadas al abastecimiento militar, desde la fase republicana al periodo bajoimperial. <br /> <br />Para el análisis del aprovisionamiento de cereal al ejército, el principal testimonio arqueológico que se conserva son los almacenes y graneros (horrea). El estudio detallado de estos edificios pretende servir de manual de referencia para el profesional que debe interpretar correctamente las estructuras descubiertas, ofreciendo información detallada sobre técnicas constructivas, dimensiones y otros datos de interés. En último término, permite reconstruir la apariencia de estas edificaciones y conocer la evolución de los sistemas empleados en su construcción, que se fueron adaptando a las necesidades del ejército en cada uno de los periodos durante los que se mantuvo vigente la hegemonía de Roma. <br /> <br />Esta obra muestra al público general y al profesional de la arqueología un aspecto esencial en la expansión y consolidación del Imperio Romano, pues el aprovisionamiento de cereal fue una de las claves económicas que permitió a los generales romanos mantener alta la moral de sus ejércitos con alimentos a los que estaban acostumbrados y se convirtió en el motor que impulsó el ánimo y el fervor de las tropas, consiguiendo así su eficacia en la batalla y su lealtad en tiempos de paz" <br /> <br />Book review: <br /><a href="http://www.pyrenae.com/home/index.php?option=com_k2&view=itemlist&task=category&id=20:ressenyes-43-2-2012&lang=es" rel="nofollow">http://www.pyrenae.com/home/index.php?option=com_k2&view=itemlist&task=category&id=20:ressenyes-43-2-2012&lang=es</a> <br /> <br /><a href="http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=9191541&fulltextType=BR&fileId=S0068113X14000075" rel="nofollow">http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=9191541&fulltextType=BR&fileId=S0068113X14000075</a> <br /> <br /> <br /><a href="http://revistas.usal.es/index.php/0514-7336/article/view/9973" rel="nofollow">http://revistas.usal.es/index.php/0514-7336/article/view/9973</a>" <br /> <br /><a href="http://www.sehepunkte.de/2013/02/21727.html" rel="nofollow">http://www.sehepunkte.de/2013/02/21727.html</a>"""</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1047110" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="85a28f2c6053d3d07eebde5d9f6658dc" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":51611237,"asset_id":1047110,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51611237/download_file?st=MTc0MDU5OTM3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="483676" href="https://uam.academia.edu/JavierSalidoDom%C3%ADnguez">Javier Salido Domínguez</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="483676" type="text/json">{"id":483676,"first_name":"Javier","last_name":"Salido Domínguez","domain_name":"uam","page_name":"JavierSalidoDomínguez","display_name":"Javier Salido Domínguez","profile_url":"https://uam.academia.edu/JavierSalidoDom%C3%ADnguez?f_ri=32247","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/483676/163892/101196019/s65_javier.salido_dom_nguez.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1047110 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1047110"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1047110, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_1047110", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1047110]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_1047110").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_1047110").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="1047110"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">56</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="392" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology">Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="392" type="text/json">{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="393" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classical_Archaeology">Classical Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="393" type="text/json">{"id":393,"name":"Classical Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classical_Archaeology?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="829" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_History">Roman History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="829" type="text/json">{"id":829,"name":"Roman History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_History?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="845" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Historiography">Roman Historiography</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="845" type="text/json">{"id":845,"name":"Roman Historiography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Historiography?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=1047110]'), work: {"id":1047110,"title":"Horrea Militaria. El aprovisionamiento de grano al ejército en el Occidente del Imperio Romano (prólogo de C. Fernández Ochoa y A. Morillo), Anejos de Gladius 14, Madrid, 2011. ISBN 978-84-00-09408-9.","created_at":"2011-10-27T16:40:05.079-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/1047110/Horrea_Militaria_El_aprovisionamiento_de_grano_al_ej%C3%A9rcito_en_el_Occidente_del_Imperio_Romano_pr%C3%B3logo_de_C_Fern%C3%A1ndez_Ochoa_y_A_Morillo_Anejos_de_Gladius_14_Madrid_2011_ISBN_978_84_00_09408_9?f_ri=32247","dom_id":"work_1047110","summary":"\"Estas páginas contienen una reflexión sobre un tema importante en el mundo antiguo: el aprovisionamiento de cereal al ejército romano. El hecho de que la base de la alimentación fuera el grano y su ausencia la causa más frecuente del descontento y de las sublevaciones en el seno del ejército motivó el desarrollo de férreos mecanismos de control y administración de los alimentos enviados a las tropas. Este trabajo ofrece información novedosa sobre este asunto y proporciona las claves para conocer mejor la dieta del soldado y las infraestructuras y construcciones asociadas al abastecimiento militar, desde la fase republicana al periodo bajoimperial.\r\n\r\nPara el análisis del aprovisionamiento de cereal al ejército, el principal testimonio arqueológico que se conserva son los almacenes y graneros (horrea). El estudio detallado de estos edificios pretende servir de manual de referencia para el profesional que debe interpretar correctamente las estructuras descubiertas, ofreciendo información detallada sobre técnicas constructivas, dimensiones y otros datos de interés. En último término, permite reconstruir la apariencia de estas edificaciones y conocer la evolución de los sistemas empleados en su construcción, que se fueron adaptando a las necesidades del ejército en cada uno de los periodos durante los que se mantuvo vigente la hegemonía de Roma.\r\n\r\nEsta obra muestra al público general y al profesional de la arqueología un aspecto esencial en la expansión y consolidación del Imperio Romano, pues el aprovisionamiento de cereal fue una de las claves económicas que permitió a los generales romanos mantener alta la moral de sus ejércitos con alimentos a los que estaban acostumbrados y se convirtió en el motor que impulsó el ánimo y el fervor de las tropas, consiguiendo así su eficacia en la batalla y su lealtad en tiempos de paz\"\r\n\r\nBook review:\r\nhttp://www.pyrenae.com/home/index.php?option=com_k2\u0026view=itemlist\u0026task=category\u0026id=20:ressenyes-43-2-2012\u0026lang=es\r\n\r\nhttp://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online\u0026aid=9191541\u0026fulltextType=BR\u0026fileId=S0068113X14000075\r\n\r\n\r\nhttp://revistas.usal.es/index.php/0514-7336/article/view/9973\"\r\n\r\nhttp://www.sehepunkte.de/2013/02/21727.html\"\"\"","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":51611237,"asset_id":1047110,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":483676,"first_name":"Javier","last_name":"Salido Domínguez","domain_name":"uam","page_name":"JavierSalidoDomínguez","display_name":"Javier Salido 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class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/40056137/VADA_VOLATERRANA_A_COMPARISON_OF_ROMAN_HARBORS_AND_THEIR_PLACE_WITHIN_MEDITERRANEAN_CONNECTIVITY">VADA VOLATERRANA: A COMPARISON OF ROMAN HARBORS AND THEIR PLACE WITHIN MEDITERRANEAN CONNECTIVITY</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This thesis focuses on the site of Vada Volaterrana in modern day Tuscany in the context of its Mediterranean connectivity. In this study, Mediterranean connectivity in the ancient Roman world addresses how harbor sites interacted with... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_40056137" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This thesis focuses on the site of Vada Volaterrana in modern day Tuscany in the context of its Mediterranean connectivity. In this study, Mediterranean connectivity in the ancient Roman world addresses how harbor sites interacted with their hinterlands and other coastal sites. To analyze Vada Volaterrana's place within the Roman world I compare it to other harbor sites, large and small, through a diachronic approach that addresses technological advancements and economic prosperity. Though it is a smaller harbor complex, larger sites are used for comparison to juxtapose the differences between urban and rural settlements and their roles within the Roman world. It also highlights the discrepancy between our knowledge of small and large port systems. Vada Volaterrana is an example of a small harbor complex that served the needs of its hinterlands. I propose that Vada is an example of the norm in the ancient Roman world. Harbors were small to moderate in size and accommodated similarly sized vessels. Despite this, Vada Volaterrana shares technological and economic trends with other Roman sites which reflects the idea that harbors were centers of culture and trade. By sharing this study, I hope to inspire an interest in Mediterranean connectivity leading to studies regarding the functionality of smaller Roman harbor sites.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/40056137" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="dbc34d9daa4887a8563d0448330f0b6c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":60256589,"asset_id":40056137,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/60256589/download_file?st=MTc0MDU5OTM3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="20602126" href="https://ecu.academia.edu/SaraSpatafore">Sara Spatafore</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="20602126" type="text/json">{"id":20602126,"first_name":"Sara","last_name":"Spatafore","domain_name":"ecu","page_name":"SaraSpatafore","display_name":"Sara Spatafore","profile_url":"https://ecu.academia.edu/SaraSpatafore?f_ri=32247","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/20602126/5694306/28271063/s65_sara.spatafore.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_40056137 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="40056137"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 40056137, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_40056137", }); 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In this study, Mediterranean connectivity in the ancient Roman world addresses how harbor sites interacted with their hinterlands and other coastal sites. To analyze Vada Volaterrana's place within the Roman world I compare it to other harbor sites, large and small, through a diachronic approach that addresses technological advancements and economic prosperity. Though it is a smaller harbor complex, larger sites are used for comparison to juxtapose the differences between urban and rural settlements and their roles within the Roman world. It also highlights the discrepancy between our knowledge of small and large port systems. Vada Volaterrana is an example of a small harbor complex that served the needs of its hinterlands. I propose that Vada is an example of the norm in the ancient Roman world. Harbors were small to moderate in size and accommodated similarly sized vessels. Despite this, Vada Volaterrana shares technological and economic trends with other Roman sites which reflects the idea that harbors were centers of culture and trade. 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Harbours","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Ports_and_Harbours?f_ri=32247"},{"id":1214757,"name":"Ancient Roman Trade Routes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Roman_Trade_Routes?f_ri=32247"},{"id":1774861,"name":"Roman Harbours and Ports","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Harbours_and_Ports?f_ri=32247"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_678386" data-work_id="678386" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/678386/The_rise_and_reorganization_of_the_Pompeian_salted_fish_industry">The rise and reorganization of the Pompeian salted fish industry</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li 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Een Romeinse havenstad tussen Rijn en Maas</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This paper presents the results of the analysis of the Roman pottery from Voorburg-Arentsburg (the harbour Forum Hadriani, Civitas Cananefatium). The pottery is imported along the river Rhine from the Lower Rhine region and the Mosel... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_8747380" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper presents the results of the analysis of the Roman pottery from Voorburg-Arentsburg (the harbour Forum Hadriani, Civitas Cananefatium). The pottery is imported along the river Rhine from the Lower Rhine region and the Mosel region. There are many similarities with the pottery from later forts at the Obergermanisch-Raetische Limes. Striking are the special (ritual) depositions in the gully.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/8747380" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b240d85950b373cb37c7a7f6e5c98a05" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":35101084,"asset_id":8747380,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/35101084/download_file?st=MTc0MDU5OTM3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="438837" href="https://vu-nl.academia.edu/JulieVanKerckhove">Julie Van Kerckhove</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="438837" type="text/json">{"id":438837,"first_name":"Julie","last_name":"Van Kerckhove","domain_name":"vu-nl","page_name":"JulieVanKerckhove","display_name":"Julie Van Kerckhove","profile_url":"https://vu-nl.academia.edu/JulieVanKerckhove?f_ri=32247","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/438837/140449/15287328/s65_julie.van_kerckhove.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_8747380 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="8747380"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 8747380, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_8747380", }); 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Striking are the special (ritual) depositions in the gully.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":35101084,"asset_id":8747380,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":438837,"first_name":"Julie","last_name":"Van Kerckhove","domain_name":"vu-nl","page_name":"JulieVanKerckhove","display_name":"Julie Van Kerckhove","profile_url":"https://vu-nl.academia.edu/JulieVanKerckhove?f_ri=32247","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/438837/140449/15287328/s65_julie.van_kerckhove.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":18425,"name":"Roman military archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_military_archaeology?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true},{"id":20728,"name":"Roman Pottery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Pottery?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true},{"id":29007,"name":"Roman pottery workshops","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_pottery_workshops?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true},{"id":32247,"name":"Roman Trade Networks","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Trade_Networks?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true},{"id":42063,"name":"Provenance studies of archaeological material","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Provenance_studies_of_archaeological_material?f_ri=32247"},{"id":94618,"name":"Roman Amphorae","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Amphorae?f_ri=32247"},{"id":111519,"name":"Roman Limes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Limes?f_ri=32247"},{"id":308712,"name":"Roman Cities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Cities?f_ri=32247"},{"id":312329,"name":"Limes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Limes?f_ri=32247"},{"id":373163,"name":"Ritual Practices","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ritual_Practices?f_ri=32247"},{"id":634974,"name":"Roman Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Archaeology?f_ri=32247"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_2907558" data-work_id="2907558" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2907558/_La_red_viaria_romana_en_la_comarca_del_Alto_Guadalquivir_la_zona_de_Villafranca_de_C%C3%B3rdoba_en_E_Cabrera_et_alii_coords_Or%C3%ADgenes_Hist%C3%B3ricos_de_Villafranca_de_C%C3%B3rdoba_C%C3%B3rdoba_2013_pp_101_124">“La red viaria romana en la comarca del Alto Guadalquivir: la zona de Villafranca de Córdoba”, en E. Cabrera et alii (coords.), Orígenes Históricos de Villafranca de Córdoba, Córdoba, 2013, pp. 101-124.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Las calzadas constituyen uno de los elementos más conocidos de la civilización romana. Buena parte de ellas se construyeron aprovechando la red de caminos prerromanos, que fueron transformados y adaptados a las necesidades impuestas por... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_2907558" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Las calzadas constituyen uno de los elementos más conocidos de la civilización romana. Buena parte de ellas se construyeron aprovechando la red de caminos prerromanos, que fueron transformados y adaptados a las necesidades impuestas por Roma. En Andalucía no debieron abrirse caminos estables hasta la conquista cartaginesa, aunque con anterioridad existirían senderos y caminos de herradura que aprovecharían los pasos naturales, discurriendo por valles fluviales, llanuras y por los principales puertos de montaña. Bajo el dominio púnico algunas rutas debieron ser acondicionadas y convertidas en caminos estables, con el fin de facilitar la salida de los metales obtenidos en las minas de Sierra Morena. En concreto, la plata del distrito minero de Castulo (Linares, Jaén) debió ser enviada hacia el puerto de Malaca utilizando una ruta que pasaba por LA RED VIARIA ROMANA EN LA COMARCA DEL ALTO</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/2907558" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3e862705fc670855e18c53565016a27d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":32837332,"asset_id":2907558,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32837332/download_file?st=MTc0MDU5OTM3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="361345" href="https://uco-es.academia.edu/EnriqueMelchorGil">Enrique Melchor Gil</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="361345" type="text/json">{"id":361345,"first_name":"Enrique","last_name":"Melchor Gil","domain_name":"uco-es","page_name":"EnriqueMelchorGil","display_name":"Enrique Melchor Gil","profile_url":"https://uco-es.academia.edu/EnriqueMelchorGil?f_ri=32247","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/361345/95617/111401044/s65_enrique.melchor_gil.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_2907558 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="2907558"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 2907558, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_2907558", }); 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Cabrera et alii (coords.), Orígenes Históricos de Villafranca de Córdoba, Córdoba, 2013, pp. 101-124.","created_at":"2013-03-04T23:12:57.382-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/2907558/_La_red_viaria_romana_en_la_comarca_del_Alto_Guadalquivir_la_zona_de_Villafranca_de_C%C3%B3rdoba_en_E_Cabrera_et_alii_coords_Or%C3%ADgenes_Hist%C3%B3ricos_de_Villafranca_de_C%C3%B3rdoba_C%C3%B3rdoba_2013_pp_101_124?f_ri=32247","dom_id":"work_2907558","summary":"Las calzadas constituyen uno de los elementos más conocidos de la civilización romana. Buena parte de ellas se construyeron aprovechando la red de caminos prerromanos, que fueron transformados y adaptados a las necesidades impuestas por Roma. En Andalucía no debieron abrirse caminos estables hasta la conquista cartaginesa, aunque con anterioridad existirían senderos y caminos de herradura que aprovecharían los pasos naturales, discurriendo por valles fluviales, llanuras y por los principales puertos de montaña. Bajo el dominio púnico algunas rutas debieron ser acondicionadas y convertidas en caminos estables, con el fin de facilitar la salida de los metales obtenidos en las minas de Sierra Morena. En concreto, la plata del distrito minero de Castulo (Linares, Jaén) debió ser enviada hacia el puerto de Malaca utilizando una ruta que pasaba por LA RED VIARIA ROMANA EN LA COMARCA DEL ALTO","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":32837332,"asset_id":2907558,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":361345,"first_name":"Enrique","last_name":"Melchor Gil","domain_name":"uco-es","page_name":"EnriqueMelchorGil","display_name":"Enrique Melchor Gil","profile_url":"https://uco-es.academia.edu/EnriqueMelchorGil?f_ri=32247","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/361345/95617/111401044/s65_enrique.melchor_gil.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":22701,"name":"Roman roads","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_roads?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true},{"id":32247,"name":"Roman Trade Networks","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Trade_Networks?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true},{"id":78595,"name":"Roman Baetica","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Baetica?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true},{"id":634974,"name":"Roman Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Archaeology?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_629944" data-work_id="629944" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/629944/Maritime_archaeology_and_ancient_trade_in_the_Mediterranean">Maritime archaeology and ancient trade in the Mediterranean</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This book contains selected papers from the third conference organised by the Oxford Centre for Maritime Archaeology. The volume comprises twelve papers that look at the shifting patterns of maritime trade as seen through the evidence of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_629944" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This book contains selected papers from the third conference organised by the Oxford Centre for Maritime Archaeology. The volume comprises twelve papers that look at the shifting patterns of maritime trade as seen through the evidence of shipwrecks, ports, and other forms of material culture. The principal focus of the volume is on the maritime world of the Mediterranean during the Greco-Roman era. <br /> <br />See the attached file for cover image and table of contents, or <br /><a href="http://www.oxbowbooks.com/bookinfo.cfm/ID/91399//Location/Oxbow" rel="nofollow">http://www.oxbowbooks.com/bookinfo.cfm/ID/91399//Location/Oxbow</a></div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/629944" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f37b16825d7b5bbc05df1dd0dadf70dd" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":117580664,"asset_id":629944,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117580664/download_file?st=MTc0MDU5OTM3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="326123" href="https://oxford.academia.edu/AndrewWilson">Andrew Wilson</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="326123" type="text/json">{"id":326123,"first_name":"Andrew","last_name":"Wilson","domain_name":"oxford","page_name":"AndrewWilson","display_name":"Andrew Wilson","profile_url":"https://oxford.academia.edu/AndrewWilson?f_ri=32247","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/326123/91667/100141/s65_andrew.wilson.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_629944 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="629944"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 629944, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_629944", }); 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social and economic history","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_social_and_economic_history?f_ri=32247"},{"id":82257,"name":"Roman trade, commerce and the economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_trade_commerce_and_the_economy?f_ri=32247"},{"id":94620,"name":"Roman trade","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_trade?f_ri=32247"},{"id":634974,"name":"Roman Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Archaeology?f_ri=32247"},{"id":643510,"name":"Roman Coastal Economies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Coastal_Economies?f_ri=32247"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_47888682" data-work_id="47888682" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/47888682/Le_port_de_Sullecthum_Salakta_">Le port de Sullecthum (Salakta)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Underwater and Harbour archaeology <br />Découvertes sous-marines Sullecthum - Histoire et économie - Commerce amphorologie - Structures portuaires -</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/47888682" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="429df7194015ed9228829367362d8294" rel="nofollow" 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type="text/json">{"id":29709,"name":"Underwater Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Underwater_Archaeology?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="32247" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Trade_Networks">Roman Trade Networks</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="32247" type="text/json">{"id":32247,"name":"Roman Trade Networks","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Trade_Networks?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="38106" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mediterranean_Underwater_Archaeology">Mediterranean Underwater Archaeology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="38106" type="text/json">{"id":38106,"name":"Mediterranean Underwater Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mediterranean_Underwater_Archaeology?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=47888682]'), work: {"id":47888682,"title":"Le port de Sullecthum (Salakta)","created_at":"2021-05-02T16:56:09.450-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/47888682/Le_port_de_Sullecthum_Salakta_?f_ri=32247","dom_id":"work_47888682","summary":"Underwater and Harbour archaeology \nDécouvertes sous-marines Sullecthum - Histoire et économie - Commerce amphorologie - Structures portuaires -\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":66782822,"asset_id":47888682,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":22235616,"first_name":"A","last_name":"Gadhoum","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AGadhoum","display_name":"A 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class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_13747480" data-work_id="13747480" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13747480/Hobson_M_S_2015_THE_NORTH_AFRICAN_BOOM_EVALUATING_ECONOMIC_GROWTH_IN_THE_ROMAN_PROVINCE_OF_AFRICA_PROCONSULARIS_146_B_C_A_D_439_Journal_of_Roman_Archaeology_Supplementary_Series_100_Cloth_8_1_2_x_11_inch_181_pages_figs_ISBN_13_978_0_9913730_4_8">Hobson, M. S. 2015. THE NORTH AFRICAN BOOM. EVALUATING ECONOMIC GROWTH IN THE ROMAN PROVINCE OF AFRICA PROCONSULARIS (146 B.C. – A.D. 439). Journal of Roman Archaeology Supplementary Series 100. Cloth, 8 1/2 x 11 inch, 181 pages, figs. ISBN-13: 978-0-9913730-4-8.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Reviews: Bonifay, M. 2016. Journal of Roman Archaeology 29: 880-85; Stone, D.L. 2016. American Journal of Archaeology (online) 120.4 (October); McCarty, M. M. 2016. Bryn Mawr Classical Review (2016.04.36). This study attempts to... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_13747480" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Reviews: Bonifay, M. 2016. Journal of Roman Archaeology 29: 880-85; Stone, D.L. 2016. American Journal of Archaeology (online) 120.4 (October); McCarty, M. M. 2016. Bryn Mawr Classical Review (2016.04.36). <br /> <br />This study attempts to evaluate the social implications of economic changes that occurred in Roman North Africa between the fall of Carthage in 146 BC and the arrival of the Vandals in the mid-5th century AD. Several authors have argued that Africa experienced significant economic growth during this period. Some have even argued <br />that this increase in economic activity resulted in the lower orders being substantially <br />better off by late Antiquity than they had been previously. Here, as well as assembling <br />much quantitative information, I examine the qualitative elements which <br />characterised this specific period of expansion in economic activity, manifested most <br />clearly in the increasing exportation of African ceramics to Rome in the late 2nd century <br />AD and the intensification of agricultural production visible in the remains of farms <br />specialising in the production of olive oil and wine. <br /> <br />I repudiate the use of certain modern economic concepts such as GDP, per <br />capita income, and consumer behaviour, which I see as reflecting the <br />neoliberalisation of the study of the Roman economy. In their place, I attempt to <br />substitute an approach that examines the changing structure of ancient North African <br />society in its particular historical context. Substantial use is made of archaeological <br />data, as well as literary and epigraphic sources, to try to piece together this structure. <br /> <br />A primary conclusion is that, from the point of the Roman conquest onward, <br />high levels of inequality existed between Africa's various social classes. Whilst the <br />landscape of North Africa changed hugely during the course of the Roman period, <br />privileged elites were able, at all times, to secure a high degree of personal wealth at <br />the expense of an exploited mass of peasants and agricultural labourers. The structural inequalities between classes that existed in the aftermath of the conquest, although qualitatively altered, still existed nearly six centuries later, in spite of considerable economic growth having occurred.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/13747480" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f5e5917649e04e41f1af683452267397" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":38118767,"asset_id":13747480,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38118767/download_file?st=MTc0MDU5OTM3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="40168" href="https://leicester.academia.edu/MatthewHobson">Matthew S . Hobson</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="40168" type="text/json">{"id":40168,"first_name":"Matthew","last_name":"Hobson","domain_name":"leicester","page_name":"MatthewHobson","display_name":"Matthew S . Hobson","profile_url":"https://leicester.academia.edu/MatthewHobson?f_ri=32247","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/40168/13278/19980317/s65_matthew.hobson.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_13747480 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="13747480"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 13747480, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_13747480", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_13747480 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13747480; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_13747480"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_13747480 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="13747480"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13747480; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=13747480]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_13747480").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_13747480").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="13747480"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">40</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2860" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postcolonial_Studies">Postcolonial Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2860" type="text/json">{"id":2860,"name":"Postcolonial Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postcolonial_Studies?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3354" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Poststructuralism">Poststructuralism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3354" type="text/json">{"id":3354,"name":"Poststructuralism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Poststructuralism?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4134" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Law">Roman Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4134" type="text/json">{"id":4134,"name":"Roman Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Law?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9405" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Post-Colonialism">Post-Colonialism</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="9405" type="text/json">{"id":9405,"name":"Post-Colonialism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Post-Colonialism?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=13747480]'), work: {"id":13747480,"title":"Hobson, M. S. 2015. THE NORTH AFRICAN BOOM. EVALUATING ECONOMIC GROWTH IN THE ROMAN PROVINCE OF AFRICA PROCONSULARIS (146 B.C. – A.D. 439). Journal of Roman Archaeology Supplementary Series 100. Cloth, 8 1/2 x 11 inch, 181 pages, figs. ISBN-13: 978-0-9913730-4-8.","created_at":"2015-07-07T05:58:36.926-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/13747480/Hobson_M_S_2015_THE_NORTH_AFRICAN_BOOM_EVALUATING_ECONOMIC_GROWTH_IN_THE_ROMAN_PROVINCE_OF_AFRICA_PROCONSULARIS_146_B_C_A_D_439_Journal_of_Roman_Archaeology_Supplementary_Series_100_Cloth_8_1_2_x_11_inch_181_pages_figs_ISBN_13_978_0_9913730_4_8?f_ri=32247","dom_id":"work_13747480","summary":"Reviews: Bonifay, M. 2016. Journal of Roman Archaeology 29: 880-85; Stone, D.L. 2016. American Journal of Archaeology (online) 120.4 (October); McCarty, M. M. 2016. Bryn Mawr Classical Review (2016.04.36).\r\n\r\nThis study attempts to evaluate the social implications of economic changes that occurred in Roman North Africa between the fall of Carthage in 146 BC and the arrival of the Vandals in the mid-5th century AD. Several authors have argued that Africa experienced significant economic growth during this period. Some have even argued\r\nthat this increase in economic activity resulted in the lower orders being substantially\r\nbetter off by late Antiquity than they had been previously. Here, as well as assembling\r\nmuch quantitative information, I examine the qualitative elements which\r\ncharacterised this specific period of expansion in economic activity, manifested most\r\nclearly in the increasing exportation of African ceramics to Rome in the late 2nd century\r\nAD and the intensification of agricultural production visible in the remains of farms\r\nspecialising in the production of olive oil and wine.\r\n\r\nI repudiate the use of certain modern economic concepts such as GDP, per\r\ncapita income, and consumer behaviour, which I see as reflecting the\r\nneoliberalisation of the study of the Roman economy. In their place, I attempt to\r\nsubstitute an approach that examines the changing structure of ancient North African\r\nsociety in its particular historical context. Substantial use is made of archaeological\r\ndata, as well as literary and epigraphic sources, to try to piece together this structure.\r\n\r\nA primary conclusion is that, from the point of the Roman conquest onward,\r\nhigh levels of inequality existed between Africa's various social classes. Whilst the\r\nlandscape of North Africa changed hugely during the course of the Roman period,\r\nprivileged elites were able, at all times, to secure a high degree of personal wealth at\r\nthe expense of an exploited mass of peasants and agricultural labourers. The structural inequalities between classes that existed in the aftermath of the conquest, although qualitatively altered, still existed nearly six centuries later, in spite of considerable economic growth having occurred.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":38118767,"asset_id":13747480,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":40168,"first_name":"Matthew","last_name":"Hobson","domain_name":"leicester","page_name":"MatthewHobson","display_name":"Matthew S . 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Un archivo único</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">La investigación actual sobre la economía de los alimentos en el mundo romano queda reflejada en esta obra, que aborda la producción y distribución de tales bienes fundamentales desde el estudio de casos y la innovación metodológica. Su... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_39875382" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">La investigación actual sobre la economía de los alimentos en el mundo romano queda reflejada en esta obra, que aborda la producción y distribución de tales bienes fundamentales desde el estudio de casos y la innovación metodológica. Su configuración parte de una iniciativa del proyecto europeo EPNet, que reunió a los distintos autores participantes en el volumen con motivo de una sesión específica de la 27.ª Theoretical Roman Archaeology Conference (Durham, marzo de 2017). Aunque también se trata el abastecimiento de trigo, las contribuciones se dedican mayoritariamente al aceite y el vino. Los casos de estudio se concentran en el occidente romano, con especial atención a Italia e Hispania. Se incluyen contextos productivos y de redistribución, particularmente en los asentamientos militares fronterizos y la capital. Metodológicamente destacan las estrategias de cuantificación, el análisis SIG y la modelización. Se contrastan aspectos geográficos y arqueológicos de las diversas zonas de estudio para extraer conclusiones relativas a los patrones de asentamiento rural, la producción de alimentos y envases anfóricos, y sus redes de distribución comercial. De tal forma se dibuja un panorama amplio, vertebrado en torno a una cuestión clave para el funcionamiento y la sostenibilidad del Imperio: la economía alimentaria. Este amplio abanico metodológico resulta sugerente para la orientación de nuevas investigaciones que, de forma complementaria, se unan para profundizar en las razones del prolongado éxito de la cultura romana.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/39875382" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="915e98c4eeee246a89f81701f142201d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":60059053,"asset_id":39875382,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/60059053/download_file?st=MTc0MDU5OTM3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3232342" href="https://barcelona.academia.edu/Jos%C3%A9RemesalRodr%C3%ADguez">José Remesal Rodríguez</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3232342" type="text/json">{"id":3232342,"first_name":"José","last_name":"Remesal Rodríguez","domain_name":"barcelona","page_name":"JoséRemesalRodríguez","display_name":"José Remesal Rodríguez","profile_url":"https://barcelona.academia.edu/Jos%C3%A9RemesalRodr%C3%ADguez?f_ri=32247","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3232342/1064709/1329244/s65_jos_.remesal_rodr_guez.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_39875382 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="39875382"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 39875382, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_39875382", }); 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Se incluyen contextos productivos y de redistribución, particularmente en los asentamientos militares fronterizos y la capital. Metodológicamente destacan las estrategias de cuantificación, el análisis SIG y la modelización. Se contrastan aspectos geográficos y arqueológicos de las diversas zonas de estudio para extraer conclusiones relativas a los patrones de asentamiento rural, la producción de alimentos y envases anfóricos, y sus redes de distribución comercial. De tal forma se dibuja un panorama amplio, vertebrado en torno a una cuestión clave para el funcionamiento y la sostenibilidad del Imperio: la economía alimentaria. Este amplio abanico metodológico resulta sugerente para la orientación de nuevas investigaciones que, de forma complementaria, se unan para profundizar en las razones del prolongado éxito de la cultura romana.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":60059053,"asset_id":39875382,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3232342,"first_name":"José","last_name":"Remesal Rodríguez","domain_name":"barcelona","page_name":"JoséRemesalRodríguez","display_name":"José Remesal Rodríguez","profile_url":"https://barcelona.academia.edu/Jos%C3%A9RemesalRodr%C3%ADguez?f_ri=32247","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3232342/1064709/1329244/s65_jos_.remesal_rodr_guez.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":829,"name":"Roman History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_History?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true},{"id":2795,"name":"Landscape Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Landscape_Archaeology?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true},{"id":21324,"name":"Roman Army","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Army?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true},{"id":32247,"name":"Roman Trade Networks","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Trade_Networks?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true},{"id":172167,"name":"Food Supply Chain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_Supply_Chain?f_ri=32247"},{"id":246116,"name":"Monte Testaccio","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Monte_Testaccio?f_ri=32247"},{"id":634974,"name":"Roman Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Archaeology?f_ri=32247"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_38569594 coauthored" data-work_id="38569594" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/38569594/THE_2016_SEASON_OF_THE_AL_WAJH_AL_%CA%BFULA_SURVEY_PROJECT_PRELIMINARY_REPORT_by_Zbigniew_T_Fiema_Nayef_A_al_Qanoor_Caroline_Durand_Will_Kennedy_Badr_Abu_Hassan_Ibrahim_al_Dayel_Majid_al_Faqeer_ATLAL_The_Saudi_Arabian_Journal_of_Archaeology_29_2020_pp_81_112">THE 2016 SEASON OF THE AL-WAJH -AL-ʿULA SURVEY PROJECT: PRELIMINARY REPORT by Zbigniew T. Fiema, Nayef A. al-Qanoor, Caroline Durand, Will Kennedy, Badr Abu Hassan, Ibrahim al-Dayel, Majid al-Faqeer. ATLAL - The Saudi Arabian Journal of Archaeology 29, 2020, pp. 81-112</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/38569594" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3bc3749df0771ff7f51b0dc17ddd46c3" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":65082458,"asset_id":38569594,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65082458/download_file?st=MTc0MDU5OTM3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="21272583" href="https://helsinki.academia.edu/ZbigniewFiema">Zbigniew T Fiema</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="21272583" type="text/json">{"id":21272583,"first_name":"Zbigniew","last_name":"Fiema","domain_name":"helsinki","page_name":"ZbigniewFiema","display_name":"Zbigniew T Fiema","profile_url":"https://helsinki.academia.edu/ZbigniewFiema?f_ri=32247","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/21272583/51309456/39376042/s65_zbigniew.fiema.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-38569594">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-38569594"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://cnrs.academia.edu/CarolineDurand">Caroline Durand</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-38569594'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-38569594').html(); 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Fiema, Nayef A. al-Qanoor, Caroline Durand, Will Kennedy, Badr Abu Hassan, Ibrahim al-Dayel, Majid al-Faqeer. ATLAL - The Saudi Arabian Journal of Archaeology 29, 2020, pp. 81-112","created_at":"2019-03-17T14:44:13.730-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/38569594/THE_2016_SEASON_OF_THE_AL_WAJH_AL_%CA%BFULA_SURVEY_PROJECT_PRELIMINARY_REPORT_by_Zbigniew_T_Fiema_Nayef_A_al_Qanoor_Caroline_Durand_Will_Kennedy_Badr_Abu_Hassan_Ibrahim_al_Dayel_Majid_al_Faqeer_ATLAL_The_Saudi_Arabian_Journal_of_Archaeology_29_2020_pp_81_112?f_ri=32247","dom_id":"work_38569594","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":65082458,"asset_id":38569594,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":21272583,"first_name":"Zbigniew","last_name":"Fiema","domain_name":"helsinki","page_name":"ZbigniewFiema","display_name":"Zbigniew T Fiema","profile_url":"https://helsinki.academia.edu/ZbigniewFiema?f_ri=32247","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/21272583/51309456/39376042/s65_zbigniew.fiema.png"},{"id":170728,"first_name":"Caroline","last_name":"Durand","domain_name":"cnrs","page_name":"CarolineDurand","display_name":"Caroline Durand","profile_url":"https://cnrs.academia.edu/CarolineDurand?f_ri=32247","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/170728/98806/18570274/s65_caroline.durand.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":21254,"name":"Nabataeans (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nabataeans_Archaeology_?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true},{"id":26862,"name":"Roman Arabia (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Arabia_Archaeology_?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true},{"id":32247,"name":"Roman Trade Networks","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Trade_Networks?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true},{"id":48071,"name":"Archaeological survey","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeological_survey?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true},{"id":110972,"name":"Arabian Peninsula in Antiquity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arabian_Peninsula_in_Antiquity?f_ri=32247"},{"id":153456,"name":"Red Sea archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Red_Sea_archaeology?f_ri=32247"},{"id":155487,"name":"Nabataeans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nabataeans?f_ri=32247"},{"id":211203,"name":"ancient Red sea ports","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ancient_Red_sea_ports?f_ri=32247"},{"id":260297,"name":"Ancient Trade Routes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Trade_Routes?f_ri=32247"},{"id":321555,"name":"Ancient ceramics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_ceramics?f_ri=32247"},{"id":490925,"name":"Archaeology of Caravans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology_of_Caravans?f_ri=32247"},{"id":3783286,"name":"Nabataean architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nabataean_architecture?f_ri=32247"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_38498290" data-work_id="38498290" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/38498290/Las_%C3%A1nforas_olearias_b%C3%A9ticas_Dressel_20">Las ánforas olearias béticas Dressel 20</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Este volumen es el resultado del trabajo realizado, durante varios años, por el grupo CEIPAC consistente en el estudio del material anfórico hallado en la Colonia Ulpia Traiana (Xanten, Alemania). Se han estudiado más de dieciocho mil... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_38498290" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Este volumen es el resultado del trabajo realizado, durante varios años, por el grupo CEIPAC consistente en el estudio del material anfórico hallado en la Colonia Ulpia Traiana (Xanten, Alemania). Se han estudiado más de dieciocho mil fragmentos de ánforas hallados en las excavaciones realizadas en la ciudad a lo largo de casi un siglo, lo que ha permitido definir el comercio de alimentos que se estableció entre una ciudad de la frontera renana y las regiones del Mediterráneo. Junto al análisis del material hallado en la ciudad, se presenta el estado actual de la investigación de cada uno de los tipos anfóricos y se pone a disposición del lector, junto a la información puntual sobre la presencia de un determinado tipo anfórico, una información general que le permite contextualizar mejor los datos obtenidos. La obra tiene dos aspectos diversos: uno, el que se refiere al estudio del lugar concreto de hallazgo de nuestras ánforas, lo que permite ayudar a datar algunos estratos arqueológicos y a estudiar la distribución espacial de las ánforas en la ciudad. El segundo aspecto, más interesante a nivel general, es haber delimitado qué productos vienen de qué zona del Mediterráneo, en qué momento y en qué proporción. En síntesis, podemos concluir que existe una corriente de comercio entre todas las regiones del Mediterráneo y la ciudad de Xanten en época julio-claudia, y que a partir de época Flavia las relaciones comerciales se intensifican y casi se convierten en exclusivas entre Xanten y las provincias romanas de Gallia e Hispania. Lo cual conduce a una discusión sobre el significado de la influencia del estado romano en la distribución de productos alimentarios, sobre todo teniendo en cuenta la población militar de la región. Además, se presentan claves para el estudio de las redes comerciales entre Germania y las provincias mediterráneas, se discute el camino entre el Mediterráneo y la frontera, y se defiende la importancia de la ruta atlántica en contraposición a la vía del Ródano, que, tradicionalmente, se consideraba como la más importante.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/38498290" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="53cdb1291fae3e80337e5f7edc460e75" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":58565121,"asset_id":38498290,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58565121/download_file?st=MTc0MDU5OTM3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3232342" href="https://barcelona.academia.edu/Jos%C3%A9RemesalRodr%C3%ADguez">José Remesal Rodríguez</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3232342" type="text/json">{"id":3232342,"first_name":"José","last_name":"Remesal Rodríguez","domain_name":"barcelona","page_name":"JoséRemesalRodríguez","display_name":"José Remesal Rodríguez","profile_url":"https://barcelona.academia.edu/Jos%C3%A9RemesalRodr%C3%ADguez?f_ri=32247","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3232342/1064709/1329244/s65_jos_.remesal_rodr_guez.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_38498290 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="38498290"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38498290, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_38498290", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38498290]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_38498290").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_38498290").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="38498290"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">16</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="392" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology">Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="392" type="text/json">{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="829" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_History">Roman History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="829" type="text/json">{"id":829,"name":"Roman History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_History?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="23572" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Olive_Oil">Olive Oil</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="23572" type="text/json">{"id":23572,"name":"Olive Oil","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Olive_Oil?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="23640" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Economy">Roman Economy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="23640" type="text/json">{"id":23640,"name":"Roman Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Economy?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=38498290]'), work: {"id":38498290,"title":"Las ánforas olearias béticas Dressel 20","created_at":"2019-03-06T00:50:30.485-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/38498290/Las_%C3%A1nforas_olearias_b%C3%A9ticas_Dressel_20?f_ri=32247","dom_id":"work_38498290","summary":"Este volumen es el resultado del trabajo realizado, durante varios años, por el grupo CEIPAC consistente en el estudio del material anfórico hallado en la Colonia Ulpia Traiana (Xanten, Alemania). Se han estudiado más de dieciocho mil fragmentos de ánforas hallados en las excavaciones realizadas en la ciudad a lo largo de casi un siglo, lo que ha permitido definir el comercio de alimentos que se estableció entre una ciudad de la frontera renana y las regiones del Mediterráneo. Junto al análisis del material hallado en la ciudad, se presenta el estado actual de la investigación de cada uno de los tipos anfóricos y se pone a disposición del lector, junto a la información puntual sobre la presencia de un determinado tipo anfórico, una información general que le permite contextualizar mejor los datos obtenidos. La obra tiene dos aspectos diversos: uno, el que se refiere al estudio del lugar concreto de hallazgo de nuestras ánforas, lo que permite ayudar a datar algunos estratos arqueológicos y a estudiar la distribución espacial de las ánforas en la ciudad. El segundo aspecto, más interesante a nivel general, es haber delimitado qué productos vienen de qué zona del Mediterráneo, en qué momento y en qué proporción. En síntesis, podemos concluir que existe una corriente de comercio entre todas las regiones del Mediterráneo y la ciudad de Xanten en época julio-claudia, y que a partir de época Flavia las relaciones comerciales se intensifican y casi se convierten en exclusivas entre Xanten y las provincias romanas de Gallia e Hispania. Lo cual conduce a una discusión sobre el significado de la influencia del estado romano en la distribución de productos alimentarios, sobre todo teniendo en cuenta la población militar de la región. Además, se presentan claves para el estudio de las redes comerciales entre Germania y las provincias mediterráneas, se discute el camino entre el Mediterráneo y la frontera, y se defiende la importancia de la ruta atlántica en contraposición a la vía del Ródano, que, tradicionalmente, se consideraba como la más importante.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":58565121,"asset_id":38498290,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3232342,"first_name":"José","last_name":"Remesal Rodríguez","domain_name":"barcelona","page_name":"JoséRemesalRodríguez","display_name":"José Remesal Rodríguez","profile_url":"https://barcelona.academia.edu/Jos%C3%A9RemesalRodr%C3%ADguez?f_ri=32247","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3232342/1064709/1329244/s65_jos_.remesal_rodr_guez.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true},{"id":829,"name":"Roman History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_History?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true},{"id":23572,"name":"Olive Oil","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Olive_Oil?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true},{"id":23640,"name":"Roman Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Economy?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true},{"id":32247,"name":"Roman Trade Networks","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Trade_Networks?f_ri=32247"},{"id":33905,"name":"Amphorae (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Amphorae_Archaeology_?f_ri=32247"},{"id":46429,"name":"Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economy?f_ri=32247"},{"id":55673,"name":"Amphorae","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Amphorae?f_ri=32247"},{"id":81558,"name":"Food supply","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_supply?f_ri=32247"},{"id":94618,"name":"Roman Amphorae","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Amphorae?f_ri=32247"},{"id":94620,"name":"Roman trade","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_trade?f_ri=32247"},{"id":143392,"name":"Ancient Roman economy, trade and commerce","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Roman_economy_trade_and_commerce?f_ri=32247"},{"id":195593,"name":"Frontera","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Frontera?f_ri=32247"},{"id":312329,"name":"Limes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Limes?f_ri=32247"},{"id":320094,"name":"Dressel 20","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dressel_20?f_ri=32247"},{"id":634974,"name":"Roman Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Archaeology?f_ri=32247"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_35314858" data-work_id="35314858" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/35314858/Worlds_Apart_Trading_Together_The_organisation_of_long_distance_trade_between_Rome_and_India_in_Antiquity">Worlds Apart Trading Together. The organisation of long-distance trade between Rome and India in Antiquity</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Worlds Apart Trading Together sets out to replace the outdated notion of ‘Indo-Roman trade’ with a more informed perspective integrating the new findings of the last 30 years. In order to accomplish this, a perspective focusing on... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_35314858" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Worlds Apart Trading Together sets out to replace the outdated notion of ‘Indo-Roman trade’ with a more informed perspective integrating the new findings of the last 30 years. In order to accomplish this, a perspective focusing on concrete demand from the ground up is adopted, also shedding light on the role of the market in long-distance exchange. Accordingly, the analysis conducted demonstrates that an economically highly substantial trade took place between the Mediterranean and the Indian Ocean in the 1st–6th cen. CE, altering patterns of consumption and modes of production in both India, South Arabia and the Roman Empire. Significantly, it can be documented that this trade was organised at the centres of demand and supply, in Rome and India, respectively, by comparable urban associations, the transport in-between being handled by equally well-organised private networks and diasporas of seagoing merchants. Consequently, this study concludes that the institution of the market in Antiquity was able to facilitate trade over very long distances, acting on a scale which had a characteristic impact on the economies of the societies involved, their economic structures converging by adapting to trade and the market. <br />NB: See uploaded addenda in paper below 'Worlds Apart Trading Together – addenda' <br />Available reviews: <br />—J. Simmons in Bryn Mawr Classical Review 2018.09.59 (<a href="http://bmcr.brynmawr.edu/2018/2018-09-59.html" rel="nofollow">http://bmcr.brynmawr.edu/2018/2018-09-59.html</a>). <br />—R. Tomber in Journal of Roman Archaeology 31, II (2018): 948–52.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/35314858" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="430b462d7e8f290e29e85e353765a8ee" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":55748319,"asset_id":35314858,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/55748319/download_file?st=MTc0MDU5OTM3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="6637340" href="https://independent.academia.edu/EversKasper">Kasper G . 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The organisation of long-distance trade between Rome and India in Antiquity","created_at":"2017-12-02T00:30:34.810-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/35314858/Worlds_Apart_Trading_Together_The_organisation_of_long_distance_trade_between_Rome_and_India_in_Antiquity?f_ri=32247","dom_id":"work_35314858","summary":"Worlds Apart Trading Together sets out to replace the outdated notion of ‘Indo-Roman trade’ with a more informed perspective integrating the new findings of the last 30 years. In order to accomplish this, a perspective focusing on concrete demand from the ground up is adopted, also shedding light on the role of the market in long-distance exchange. Accordingly, the analysis conducted demonstrates that an economically highly substantial trade took place between the Mediterranean and the Indian Ocean in the 1st–6th cen. CE, altering patterns of consumption and modes of production in both India, South Arabia and the Roman Empire. Significantly, it can be documented that this trade was organised at the centres of demand and supply, in Rome and India, respectively, by comparable urban associations, the transport in-between being handled by equally well-organised private networks and diasporas of seagoing merchants. Consequently, this study concludes that the institution of the market in Antiquity was able to facilitate trade over very long distances, acting on a scale which had a characteristic impact on the economies of the societies involved, their economic structures converging by adapting to trade and the market.\r\nNB: See uploaded addenda in paper below 'Worlds Apart Trading Together – addenda'\r\nAvailable reviews:\r\n—J. Simmons in Bryn Mawr Classical Review 2018.09.59 (http://bmcr.brynmawr.edu/2018/2018-09-59.html).\r\n—R. Tomber in Journal of Roman Archaeology 31, II (2018): 948–52.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":55748319,"asset_id":35314858,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":6637340,"first_name":"Kasper","last_name":"Evers","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"EversKasper","display_name":"Kasper G . 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data-work_id="36539782" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36539782/Abstract_booklet_of_the_Unguentarium_Symposium_May_17_18_2018_Izmir_Turkey">Abstract booklet of the Unguentarium Symposium, May 17-18, 2018, Izmir, Turkey</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">- The deadline for the abstract submissions to the unguentarium symposium has just been prolonged to May 10, 2018. So, if anybody in your communities is planning to participate to this symposium, we are still able to accept them. -... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_36539782" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">- The deadline for the abstract submissions to the unguentarium symposium has just been prolonged to May 10, 2018. So, if anybody in your communities is planning to participate to this symposium, we are still able to accept them. <br />- Please feel free to post this program and/or booklet in your own Facebook, Academia or Researchgate accounts or circulate it to your friends/communities. 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Italy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sanctuaries_in_Ancient_Rome_and_Italy?f_ri=32247"},{"id":460901,"name":"Pottery production and distribution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pottery_production_and_distribution?f_ri=32247"},{"id":528684,"name":"Iron Age (Archaeology), Hellenistic Pottery, Hellenistic and Roman Asia Minor, Protohistoric Anatolia, Near Eastern Archaeology, Anatolian Archaeology, Achaemenid archaeology, Archaeology of South Eastern Turkey","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iron_Age_Archaeology_Hellenistic_Pottery_Hellenistic_and_Roman_Asia_Minor_Protohistoric_Anatoli?f_ri=32247"},{"id":634974,"name":"Roman Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Archaeology?f_ri=32247"},{"id":709499,"name":"Archaic, Classical pottery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaic_Classical_pottery?f_ri=32247"},{"id":740261,"name":"ancient greek studies in Italy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ancient_greek_studies_in_Italy?f_ri=32247"},{"id":993247,"name":"Mediterrranean Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mediterrranean_Archaeology?f_ri=32247"},{"id":1523802,"name":"Late Classical Pottery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Late_Classical_Pottery?f_ri=32247"},{"id":2290572,"name":"West Slope Pottery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/West_Slope_Pottery?f_ri=32247"},{"id":2898745,"name":"Ancient Tombs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Tombs?f_ri=32247"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_76006596" data-work_id="76006596" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/76006596/Rendering_visible_the_invisible_servants_and_slave_girls_in_Jerome_s_letters">Rendering visible the invisible: servants and slave-girls in Jerome’s letters</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In his Epitaphium Sanctae Paulae, Jerome describes the journey which he and Paula undertook from Rome to their eventual place of settlement in Bethlehem. The passage has often been studied in context of pilgrimage, and I recently analysed... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_76006596" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In his Epitaphium Sanctae Paulae, Jerome describes the journey which he and Paula undertook from Rome to their eventual place of settlement in Bethlehem. The passage has often been studied in context of pilgrimage, and I recently analysed the segment looking for visual perception of the Mediterranean. However, what would the text reveal if one takes a different approach, namely by asking questions relating to the invisible servants, and especially the slave-girls that had no choice but to accompany their master or matron on such travels? These slaves are anonymised in a collective mass: anonymous and unanimous, a method not dissimilar to ‘grouping’ heretics into a unanimous collective under one label without individual nuances. Is it possible to reconstruct their lives and livelihoods? Take for example Paula’s servants: from the ‘comforts’ of a respectable domus in Rome, they were forced to embark on an arduous and challenging journey that would take them to the Holy Land, where they were to settle in a monastery. Monastic life (including virginity) was forced upon them. Yet, social hierarchy was preserved by having servants sleep in separate living quarters. In this paper, I wish to demonstrate how one could make visible these invisible servants and their possible experience of lived reality. A close reading of a selection of Jerome’s letters – notably his Epitaph on Paula, as well as letters to Eustochium, Demetrias, and Rusticus – will offer the possibility to hypothesise servant perspectives and experiences, rendering them visible, and making them just a little less anonymous.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/76006596" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="19505737" href="https://uni-bonn.academia.edu/JessicavantWesteinde">Jessica van 't Westeinde</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="19505737" type="text/json">{"id":19505737,"first_name":"Jessica","last_name":"van 't Westeinde","domain_name":"uni-bonn","page_name":"JessicavantWesteinde","display_name":"Jessica van 't Westeinde","profile_url":"https://uni-bonn.academia.edu/JessicavantWesteinde?f_ri=32247","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/19505737/5438510/10834812/s65_jessica.van_t_westeinde.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_76006596 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="76006596"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 76006596, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_76006596", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=76006596]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_76006596").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_76006596").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="76006596"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3784" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pilgrimage">Pilgrimage</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3784" type="text/json">{"id":3784,"name":"Pilgrimage","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pilgrimage?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="32247" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Trade_Networks">Roman Trade Networks</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="32247" type="text/json">{"id":32247,"name":"Roman Trade Networks","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Trade_Networks?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="37362" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pilgrimage_and_travel_to_the_Holy_Land">Pilgrimage and travel to the Holy Land</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="37362" type="text/json">{"id":37362,"name":"Pilgrimage and travel to the Holy Land","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pilgrimage_and_travel_to_the_Holy_Land?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="55833" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/St_Jerome">St Jerome</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="55833" type="text/json">{"id":55833,"name":"St Jerome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/St_Jerome?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=76006596]'), work: {"id":76006596,"title":"Rendering visible the invisible: servants and slave-girls in Jerome’s letters","created_at":"2022-04-10T08:22:45.750-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/76006596/Rendering_visible_the_invisible_servants_and_slave_girls_in_Jerome_s_letters?f_ri=32247","dom_id":"work_76006596","summary":"In his Epitaphium Sanctae Paulae, Jerome describes the journey which he and Paula undertook from Rome to their eventual place of settlement in Bethlehem. The passage has often been studied in context of pilgrimage, and I recently analysed the segment looking for visual perception of the Mediterranean. However, what would the text reveal if one takes a different approach, namely by asking questions relating to the invisible servants, and especially the slave-girls that had no choice but to accompany their master or matron on such travels? These slaves are anonymised in a collective mass: anonymous and unanimous, a method not dissimilar to ‘grouping’ heretics into a unanimous collective under one label without individual nuances. Is it possible to reconstruct their lives and livelihoods? Take for example Paula’s servants: from the ‘comforts’ of a respectable domus in Rome, they were forced to embark on an arduous and challenging journey that would take them to the Holy Land, where they were to settle in a monastery. Monastic life (including virginity) was forced upon them. Yet, social hierarchy was preserved by having servants sleep in separate living quarters. In this paper, I wish to demonstrate how one could make visible these invisible servants and their possible experience of lived reality. A close reading of a selection of Jerome’s letters – notably his Epitaph on Paula, as well as letters to Eustochium, Demetrias, and Rusticus – will offer the possibility to hypothesise servant perspectives and experiences, rendering them visible, and making them just a little less anonymous. ","downloadable_attachments":[],"ordered_authors":[{"id":19505737,"first_name":"Jessica","last_name":"van 't Westeinde","domain_name":"uni-bonn","page_name":"JessicavantWesteinde","display_name":"Jessica van 't Westeinde","profile_url":"https://uni-bonn.academia.edu/JessicavantWesteinde?f_ri=32247","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/19505737/5438510/10834812/s65_jessica.van_t_westeinde.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3784,"name":"Pilgrimage","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pilgrimage?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true},{"id":32247,"name":"Roman Trade Networks","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Trade_Networks?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true},{"id":37362,"name":"Pilgrimage and travel to the Holy Land","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pilgrimage_and_travel_to_the_Holy_Land?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true},{"id":55833,"name":"St Jerome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/St_Jerome?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true},{"id":355365,"name":"Roman Slavery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Slavery?f_ri=32247"},{"id":374649,"name":"Roman aristocracy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_aristocracy?f_ri=32247"},{"id":642579,"name":"Domestic Servants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Domestic_Servants?f_ri=32247"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_22360464" data-work_id="22360464" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/22360464/Roman_Ports_and_Mediterranean_Connectivity_In_S_Keay_ed_Rome_Portus_and_the_Mediterranean_Archaeological_Monographs_of_the_British_School_at_Rome_London_367_391">Roman Ports and Mediterranean Connectivity. In S. Keay (ed.) Rome, Portus and the Mediterranean. Archaeological Monographs of the British School at Rome. London: 367–391.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This paper examines several interrelated aspects of maritime connectivity within the Roman Mediterranean. First, it considers Fulford’s suggestion of a divide between eastern and western trading zones along the North African coast in the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_22360464" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper examines several interrelated aspects of maritime connectivity within the Roman Mediterranean. First, it considers Fulford’s suggestion of a divide between eastern and western trading zones along the North African coast in the light of new discoveries since the publication of his article in Libyan Studies in 1989. Some evidence supports his analysis; the distribution of Italian bricks imported as return cargoes to North Africa does not extend east of the Gulf of Sirt; by contrast the identifiable exports from Cyrenaica go north up the Adriatic but not west to Tripolitania. However, the imported finewares at Berenice (Benghazi) in the third century AD are almost exclusively African Red Slip ware from Tunisia, though it is unclear if they have been imported directly (as clearly occurred much earlier with the import of Punic cooking wares to Cyrenaica), or as return cargoes from an intermediate entrepôt such as Portus. The idea of a certain amount of traffic along the North African littoral is supported by the epigraphic evidence suggesting Alexandrian worshippers at sanctuaries of Isis and Sarapis at major North African ports west of the Gulf of Sirt, who may be part of trading diaspora communities, of the kind attested at Puteoli and elsewhere. Such trading communities at major ports suggest regular mercantile connections on established routes, with knowledge about general market demand (if not actual price levels) at distant ports, and sometimes contacts between known trading partners. The glass industry is considered as a case study illustrating the geographical integration of the Roman economy through maritime networks between ports. Roman glass production relied heavily on large-scale primary production of raw glass in the Levant, using natron imported from Egypt. The raw glass was then shipped around the Roman world to secondary production centres where it was transformed into a final product; the different stages of production were linked by long-distance maritime trade routes. Finally, the paper examines how port structures, capacities and facilities might relate to and reflect the patterns of maritime trade in antiquity. The type and size of port infrastructure and harbour capacity can help to construct hierarchies of ports, ranging from villa harbours to major entrepôts like Portus, and to suggest connections between them within regional hierarchies. It is noteworthy that some of the villa harbours of the Roman period could accommodate sizeable sea-going ships capable of undertaking open-water voyages to distant emporia.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/22360464" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0be7b8522cf26f86c7ee842ec073e8ea" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":46067913,"asset_id":22360464,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46067913/download_file?st=MTc0MDU5OTM3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="145687" href="https://cnrs.academia.edu/KatiaSch%C3%B6rle">Katia Schörle</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="145687" type="text/json">{"id":145687,"first_name":"Katia","last_name":"Schörle","domain_name":"cnrs","page_name":"KatiaSchörle","display_name":"Katia Schörle","profile_url":"https://cnrs.academia.edu/KatiaSch%C3%B6rle?f_ri=32247","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/145687/38587/35533159/s65_katia.sch_rle.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_22360464 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="22360464"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 22360464, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_22360464", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=22360464]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_22360464").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_22360464").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="22360464"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">28</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="392" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology">Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="392" type="text/json">{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="396" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Archaeology">Maritime Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="396" type="text/json">{"id":396,"name":"Maritime Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Archaeology?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="816" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classics">Classics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="816" type="text/json">{"id":816,"name":"Classics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classics?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3165" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_History">Maritime History</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3165" type="text/json">{"id":3165,"name":"Maritime History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_History?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=22360464]'), work: {"id":22360464,"title":"Roman Ports and Mediterranean Connectivity. In S. Keay (ed.) Rome, Portus and the Mediterranean. Archaeological Monographs of the British School at Rome. London: 367–391.","created_at":"2016-02-23T12:23:03.253-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/22360464/Roman_Ports_and_Mediterranean_Connectivity_In_S_Keay_ed_Rome_Portus_and_the_Mediterranean_Archaeological_Monographs_of_the_British_School_at_Rome_London_367_391?f_ri=32247","dom_id":"work_22360464","summary":"This paper examines several interrelated aspects of maritime connectivity within the Roman Mediterranean. First, it considers Fulford’s suggestion of a divide between eastern and western trading zones along the North African coast in the light of new discoveries since the publication of his article in Libyan Studies in 1989. Some evidence supports his analysis; the distribution of Italian bricks imported as return cargoes to North Africa does not extend east of the Gulf of Sirt; by contrast the identifiable exports from Cyrenaica go north up the Adriatic but not west to Tripolitania. However, the imported finewares at Berenice (Benghazi) in the third century AD are almost exclusively African Red Slip ware from Tunisia, though it is unclear if they have been imported directly (as clearly occurred much earlier with the import of Punic cooking wares to Cyrenaica), or as return cargoes from an intermediate entrepôt such as Portus. The idea of a certain amount of traffic along the North African littoral is supported by the epigraphic evidence suggesting Alexandrian worshippers at sanctuaries of Isis and Sarapis at major North African ports west of the Gulf of Sirt, who may be part of trading diaspora communities, of the kind attested at Puteoli and elsewhere. Such trading communities at major ports suggest regular mercantile connections on established routes, with knowledge about general market demand (if not actual price levels) at distant ports, and sometimes contacts between known trading partners. The glass industry is considered as a case study illustrating the geographical integration of the Roman economy through maritime networks between ports. Roman glass production relied heavily on large-scale primary production of raw glass in the Levant, using natron imported from Egypt. The raw glass was then shipped around the Roman world to secondary production centres where it was transformed into a final product; the different stages of production were linked by long-distance maritime trade routes. Finally, the paper examines how port structures, capacities and facilities might relate to and reflect the patterns of maritime trade in antiquity. The type and size of port infrastructure and harbour capacity can help to construct hierarchies of ports, ranging from villa harbours to major entrepôts like Portus, and to suggest connections between them within regional hierarchies. It is noteworthy that some of the villa harbours of the Roman period could accommodate sizeable sea-going ships capable of undertaking open-water voyages to distant emporia.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":46067913,"asset_id":22360464,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":145687,"first_name":"Katia","last_name":"Schörle","domain_name":"cnrs","page_name":"KatiaSchörle","display_name":"Katia Schörle","profile_url":"https://cnrs.academia.edu/KatiaSch%C3%B6rle?f_ri=32247","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/145687/38587/35533159/s65_katia.sch_rle.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true},{"id":396,"name":"Maritime Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Archaeology?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true},{"id":816,"name":"Classics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classics?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true},{"id":3165,"name":"Maritime History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_History?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true},{"id":6952,"name":"Mediterranean Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mediterranean_Studies?f_ri=32247"},{"id":7139,"name":"Maritime Routes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Routes?f_ri=32247"},{"id":9163,"name":"Shipping","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Shipping?f_ri=32247"},{"id":10494,"name":"Mediterranean","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mediterranean?f_ri=32247"},{"id":15736,"name":"History of the Mediterranean","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_the_Mediterranean?f_ri=32247"},{"id":23640,"name":"Roman Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Economy?f_ri=32247"},{"id":30137,"name":"Nautical Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nautical_Archaeology?f_ri=32247"},{"id":31619,"name":"Ports and Harbours","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ports_and_Harbours?f_ri=32247"},{"id":32247,"name":"Roman Trade Networks","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Trade_Networks?f_ri=32247"},{"id":32780,"name":"Mediterranean archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mediterranean_archaeology?f_ri=32247"},{"id":60807,"name":"Maritime","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime?f_ri=32247"},{"id":63770,"name":"Seafarers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seafarers?f_ri=32247"},{"id":74602,"name":"Port cities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Port_cities?f_ri=32247"},{"id":83643,"name":"Ports and Shipping","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ports_and_Shipping?f_ri=32247"},{"id":89224,"name":"Roman ports","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_ports?f_ri=32247"},{"id":92825,"name":"Ancient Mediterranean ports","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Mediterranean_ports?f_ri=32247"},{"id":174666,"name":"Islands","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islands?f_ri=32247"},{"id":242778,"name":"Insularity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Insularity?f_ri=32247"},{"id":280310,"name":"Ports","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ports?f_ri=32247"},{"id":432431,"name":"Portus (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portus_Archaeology_?f_ri=32247"},{"id":456952,"name":"Ancient Ports","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Ports?f_ri=32247"},{"id":583951,"name":"Ancient Ports and Harbours","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Ports_and_Harbours?f_ri=32247"},{"id":634974,"name":"Roman Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Archaeology?f_ri=32247"},{"id":648975,"name":"Trade Routes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Trade_Routes?f_ri=32247"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_570887" data-work_id="570887" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/570887/Developments_in_Mediterranean_shipping_and_maritime_trade_from_the_Hellenistic_period_to_AD_1000">Developments in Mediterranean shipping and maritime trade from the Hellenistic period to AD 1000</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This paper examines changes and developments in the nature and volume of maritime trade between 200 BC and AD 1000. A database of 1462 Mediterranean shipwrecks shows a rise in numbers of known wrecks from the sixth century BC to a peak in... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_570887" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper examines changes and developments in the nature and volume of maritime trade between 200 BC and AD 1000. A database of 1462 Mediterranean shipwrecks shows a rise in numbers of known wrecks from the sixth century BC to a peak in the first century AD, with a sharp drop in the second century, and a further decline in numbers from the fourth to seventh centuries. Significant differences between the wreck dataset and evidence from traded goods on land suggest that one or more factors are distorting the wreck dataset, among which are possibly the increase in the use of barrels as a container during the Roman period, and the relative lack of investigation of the North African coast. While the rise in wreck numbers in the Hellenistic and early Roman periods can be taken as a reflection of an increase in the volume and intensity of maritime trade, the reverse is not straightforwardly true for the Roman and late Roman periods. <br /> Evidence from ship construction and harbour technology however supports the idea that Hellenistic and Roman periods saw the highpoint of Mediterranean maritime trade before the sixteenth century AD. Large ships of several hundred tons, with up to three masts and three decks, are known from these period; but not beforehand, and not afterwards until well into the Middle Ages. One enabling technology for such large ships was the chain pump for the bilge, attested from the late second century BC until the seventh century AD, and then not again until the fifteenth century. These largest ships disappear after the collapse of the western Roman empire, reflecting greater insecurity, more fragmented markets, and a breakdown of institutional incentives for investment in large shipping. The smaller lateen-rigged craft of the early middle ages needed neither a bilge pump nor the large area of sail provided by the square rig. <br /> Harbour technology shows a parallel development. Hellenistic harbour works with enclosing moles enabled the protection of much larger areas of water than had, for example, the Phoenician and Punic cothons or excavated harbour basins; Roman hydraulic concrete further increased the potential for building large artifical harbours with large areas of wharfage and warehousing. Hellenistic and Roman mechanical technology was vital to the smooth functioning of these larger ports—cranes for the rapid loading and unloading of heavy cargoes, and dredging vessels to combat silting and maintain the necessary depth of water. <br /> The driving force behind these changes was an economic expansion made possible by the increasing unification of the Mediterranean in the Hellenistic period and then especially under the authority of Rome, accompanied by institutional developments in laws of contract, maritime loans, sea laws, a single monetary system, and state incentives for investment in shipping. With the breakdown of the Roman empire, many of these institutions also disappeared. The period of the Late Republic and High Empire thus saw the emergence of large merchant shipping, on a scale not seen again until the twelfth or thirteenth centuries, that was made possible by a number of factors: technological, political, and institutional.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/570887" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="28b2c6bf6ab11c08c290e4197fc12157" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":36178635,"asset_id":570887,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36178635/download_file?st=MTc0MDU5OTM3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="326123" href="https://oxford.academia.edu/AndrewWilson">Andrew Wilson</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="326123" type="text/json">{"id":326123,"first_name":"Andrew","last_name":"Wilson","domain_name":"oxford","page_name":"AndrewWilson","display_name":"Andrew Wilson","profile_url":"https://oxford.academia.edu/AndrewWilson?f_ri=32247","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/326123/91667/100141/s65_andrew.wilson.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_570887 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="570887"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 570887, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_570887", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=570887]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_570887").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_570887").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="570887"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">40</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="128" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History">History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="128" type="text/json">{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="130" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_History">Ancient History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="130" type="text/json">{"id":130,"name":"Ancient History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_History?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="132" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Science_and_Technology">History of Science and Technology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="132" type="text/json">{"id":132,"name":"History of Science and Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Science_and_Technology?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="137" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_History">Economic History</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="137" type="text/json">{"id":137,"name":"Economic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_History?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=570887]'), work: {"id":570887,"title":"Developments in Mediterranean shipping and maritime trade from the Hellenistic period to AD 1000","created_at":"2011-05-07T07:11:58.744-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/570887/Developments_in_Mediterranean_shipping_and_maritime_trade_from_the_Hellenistic_period_to_AD_1000?f_ri=32247","dom_id":"work_570887","summary":"This paper examines changes and developments in the nature and volume of maritime trade between 200 BC and AD 1000. A database of 1462 Mediterranean shipwrecks shows a rise in numbers of known wrecks from the sixth century BC to a peak in the first century AD, with a sharp drop in the second century, and a further decline in numbers from the fourth to seventh centuries. Significant differences between the wreck dataset and evidence from traded goods on land suggest that one or more factors are distorting the wreck dataset, among which are possibly the increase in the use of barrels as a container during the Roman period, and the relative lack of investigation of the North African coast. While the rise in wreck numbers in the Hellenistic and early Roman periods can be taken as a reflection of an increase in the volume and intensity of maritime trade, the reverse is not straightforwardly true for the Roman and late Roman periods. \r\n\tEvidence from ship construction and harbour technology however supports the idea that Hellenistic and Roman periods saw the highpoint of Mediterranean maritime trade before the sixteenth century AD. Large ships of several hundred tons, with up to three masts and three decks, are known from these period; but not beforehand, and not afterwards until well into the Middle Ages. One enabling technology for such large ships was the chain pump for the bilge, attested from the late second century BC until the seventh century AD, and then not again until the fifteenth century. These largest ships disappear after the collapse of the western Roman empire, reflecting greater insecurity, more fragmented markets, and a breakdown of institutional incentives for investment in large shipping. The smaller lateen-rigged craft of the early middle ages needed neither a bilge pump nor the large area of sail provided by the square rig.\r\n\tHarbour technology shows a parallel development. Hellenistic harbour works with enclosing moles enabled the protection of much larger areas of water than had, for example, the Phoenician and Punic cothons or excavated harbour basins; Roman hydraulic concrete further increased the potential for building large artifical harbours with large areas of wharfage and warehousing. Hellenistic and Roman mechanical technology was vital to the smooth functioning of these larger ports—cranes for the rapid loading and unloading of heavy cargoes, and dredging vessels to combat silting and maintain the necessary depth of water. \r\n\tThe driving force behind these changes was an economic expansion made possible by the increasing unification of the Mediterranean in the Hellenistic period and then especially under the authority of Rome, accompanied by institutional developments in laws of contract, maritime loans, sea laws, a single monetary system, and state incentives for investment in shipping. With the breakdown of the Roman empire, many of these institutions also disappeared. The period of the Late Republic and High Empire thus saw the emergence of large merchant shipping, on a scale not seen again until the twelfth or thirteenth centuries, that was made possible by a number of factors: technological, political, and institutional.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":36178635,"asset_id":570887,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":326123,"first_name":"Andrew","last_name":"Wilson","domain_name":"oxford","page_name":"AndrewWilson","display_name":"Andrew Wilson","profile_url":"https://oxford.academia.edu/AndrewWilson?f_ri=32247","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/326123/91667/100141/s65_andrew.wilson.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true},{"id":130,"name":"Ancient History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_History?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true},{"id":132,"name":"History of Science and 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Firmissima et splendidissima populi romani colonia. L'epigrafia anforica di Mutina e del suo territorio. Col·lecció Instrumenta 62. Universitat de Barcelona</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">El presente volumen está dedicado al estudio de la epigrafía anfórica en particular, sellos y tituli picti de Mutina (Módena), colonia romana creada en el año 183 a.C., y de su ager. Un primer capítulo introductorio ofrece una visión... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_41113896" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">El presente volumen está dedicado al estudio de la epigrafía anfórica en particular, sellos y tituli picti de Mutina (Módena), colonia romana creada en el año 183 a.C., y de su ager. Un primer capítulo introductorio ofrece una visión histórica del papel socioeconómico y político de la colonia en el período cronológico al que se refiere la documentación anfórica, es decir, entre el período tardorrepublicano y el período altoimperial, y un breve análisis de los problemas topográficos relacionados con el territorio que le corresponde. Le siguen dos capítulos dedicados, respectivamente, al estudio de los sellos anfóricos, los opercula y las inscripciones pintadas; el material analizado en estos dos capítulos se recoge, siguiendo la misma subdivisión, en dos corpora. Sería imposible (y metodológicamente incorrecto) pretender reconstruir exhaustivamente la historia económica de un lugar a través de una investigación centrada únicamente en el instrumentum inscriptum y, en particular, en una sola clase de material, las ánforas, aunque se distingan por su doble naturaleza de producto manufacturado y contenedor de alimentos. Sin embargo, la considerable riqueza del corpus epigráfico recogido, en gran parte inédito hasta ahora, que comprende unos 300 sellos y, en un caso único en Cisalpina, 45 tituli picti, unida a un breve análisis de los datos obtenidos de otras clases de instrumentum inscriptum (ladrillos, lucernas, cerámica de mesa), ha permitido reconstruir una imagen que se corresponde con la obtenida a partir de fuentes literarias, epigráficas y arqueológicas: entre la Baja República y el Alto Imperio, Mutina fue un centro floreciente, que se adapta muy bien a la definición ciceroniana de «firmissima et splendidissima populi Romani colonia» (Cic. Phil. 5.24).</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/41113896" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b346ded692470be8284ac78521f4e834" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":63414008,"asset_id":41113896,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63414008/download_file?st=MTc0MDU5OTM3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="59220848" href="https://ub.academia.edu/Collecci%C3%B3Instrumenta">Instrumenta (book series)</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="59220848" type="text/json">{"id":59220848,"first_name":"Instrumenta","last_name":"(book series)","domain_name":"ub","page_name":"ColleccióInstrumenta","display_name":"Instrumenta (book series)","profile_url":"https://ub.academia.edu/Collecci%C3%B3Instrumenta?f_ri=32247","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/59220848/15474297/16088325/s65_instrumenta.berbedere.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-41113896">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-41113896"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://unibo.academia.edu/ManuelaMongardi">Manuela Mongardi</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-41113896'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-41113896').html(); 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Firmissima et splendidissima populi romani colonia. L'epigrafia anforica di Mutina e del suo territorio. Col·lecció Instrumenta 62. Universitat de Barcelona","created_at":"2019-11-28T12:30:51.950-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/41113896/Mongardi_M_Firmissima_et_splendidissima_populi_romani_colonia_Lepigrafia_anforica_di_Mutina_e_del_suo_territorio_Col_lecci%C3%B3_Instrumenta_62_Universitat_de_Barcelona?f_ri=32247","dom_id":"work_41113896","summary":"El presente volumen está dedicado al estudio de la epigrafía anfórica en particular, sellos y tituli picti de Mutina (Módena), colonia romana creada en el año 183 a.C., y de su ager. Un primer capítulo introductorio ofrece una visión histórica del papel socioeconómico y político de la colonia en el período cronológico al que se refiere la documentación anfórica, es decir, entre el período tardorrepublicano y el período altoimperial, y un breve análisis de los problemas topográficos relacionados con el territorio que le corresponde. Le siguen dos capítulos dedicados, respectivamente, al estudio de los sellos anfóricos, los opercula y las inscripciones pintadas; el material analizado en estos dos capítulos se recoge, siguiendo la misma subdivisión, en dos corpora. Sería imposible (y metodológicamente incorrecto) pretender reconstruir exhaustivamente la historia económica de un lugar a través de una investigación centrada únicamente en el instrumentum inscriptum y, en particular, en una sola clase de material, las ánforas, aunque se distingan por su doble naturaleza de producto manufacturado y contenedor de alimentos. Sin embargo, la considerable riqueza del corpus epigráfico recogido, en gran parte inédito hasta ahora, que comprende unos 300 sellos y, en un caso único en Cisalpina, 45 tituli picti, unida a un breve análisis de los datos obtenidos de otras clases de instrumentum inscriptum (ladrillos, lucernas, cerámica de mesa), ha permitido reconstruir una imagen que se corresponde con la obtenida a partir de fuentes literarias, epigráficas y arqueológicas: entre la Baja República y el Alto Imperio, Mutina fue un centro floreciente, que se adapta muy bien a la definición ciceroniana de «firmissima et splendidissima populi Romani colonia» (Cic. 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particolarmente ben documentata nel sito Corte Vanina, sia per quanto riguarda il numero dei frammenti recuperati, che per lamolteplicità delle produzioni e delle varianti tipologiche cui questi sono riferibili.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/3391991" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e535e4e6143d5f83d214dd66ab8edc7b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":31183430,"asset_id":3391991,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/31183430/download_file?st=MTc0MDU5OTM3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1937362" href="https://denkmalpflege-bw.academia.edu/CarlaCorti">Carla Corti</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1937362" type="text/json">{"id":1937362,"first_name":"Carla","last_name":"Corti","domain_name":"denkmalpflege-bw","page_name":"CarlaCorti","display_name":"Carla 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coauthored" data-work_id="75391587" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/75391587/Dun_port_%C3%A0_lautre_Voyage_en_M%C3%A9diterran%C3%A9e_romaine_entre_Arles_et_Rome_catalogue_dexposition_2022">D'un port à l'autre. Voyage en Méditerranée romaine entre Arles et Rome, catalogue d'exposition, 2022</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Ce catalogue accompagne l'exposition « D'un port à l'autre. Voyage en Méditerranée romaine » réalisée dans le cadre du programme de recherche Fosphora (Fos-Ostie-Portus : Harbours of Roman Antiquity) soutenu par l'Initiative d'Excellence... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_75391587" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Ce catalogue accompagne l'exposition « D'un port à l'autre. Voyage en Méditerranée romaine » réalisée dans le cadre du programme de recherche Fosphora (Fos-Ostie-Portus : Harbours of Roman Antiquity) soutenu par l'Initiative d'Excellence d'Aix-Marseille Université. Les équipes scientifiques internationales impliquées confrontent leurs méthodes d'approche et les résultats obtenus sur les deux plus importants complexes portuaires romains de Méditerranée occidentale : Rome/Ostie/Portus et Arles/Fos. Le premier, partiellement recouvert par les limons du Tibre, présente des vestiges monumentaux bien conservés et constitue un laboratoire privilégié pour l'étude des ports antiques. À Fos, l'essentiel des constructions portuaires, autrefois reliées au Rhône par un canal de navigation, gît sous quelques mètres d'eau. Grâce aux nouvelles techniques d'investigation et aux recherches en archives, la reconstitution des paysages et l'articulation entre les différents aménagements prend forme tandis que l'étude des inscriptions et la richesse des collections mises au jour par l'archéologie permettent de faire revivre l'intense activité partagée par une population portuaire cosmopolite.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/75391587" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b592d3bbcf14fda8a9ef7992b7eeb472" rel="nofollow" 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itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://univ-amu.academia.edu/KalliopiBaika">Kalliopi Baika</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/PieroBellotti">Piero Bellotti</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://cnrs.academia.edu/LaurentBorel">Laurent Borel</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://univ-amu.academia.edu/H%C3%A9l%C3%A8neBruneton">Hélène Bruneton</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/AnassButsch">Anass Butsch</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independentresearcher.academia.edu/NicolasCarayon">Nicolas 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Navigation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Navigation?f_ri=32247"},{"id":143392,"name":"Ancient Roman economy, trade and commerce","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Roman_economy_trade_and_commerce?f_ri=32247"},{"id":432431,"name":"Portus (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portus_Archaeology_?f_ri=32247"},{"id":583951,"name":"Ancient Ports and Harbours","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Ports_and_Harbours?f_ri=32247"},{"id":634974,"name":"Roman Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Archaeology?f_ri=32247"},{"id":1787893,"name":"Roman Shipwreck","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Shipwreck?f_ri=32247"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_38457276" data-work_id="38457276" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/38457276/I_porti_romani_nel_Mar_Rosso_da_Augusto_al_tardoantico">I porti romani nel Mar Rosso da Augusto al tardoantico</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This volume draws upon the scholarship on the international trade between the Roman Empire and Eastern regions such as Arabia, Ethiopia and India. Such trade has been often described by ancient sources as a flourishing and very expensive... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_38457276" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This volume draws upon the scholarship on the international trade between the Roman Empire and Eastern regions such as Arabia, Ethiopia and India. Such trade has been often described by ancient sources as a flourishing and very expensive one. More in detail, the book focuses on the life and the development of the ports on the Red Sea, controlled by Rome. These ports acted for centuries as international hubs, linking points between West and East, and they were the gates though which the eastern merchandise would reach the Roman markets. Keeping these remote settlements alive required a big effort on the part of the imperial administration, and some degree of planning to choose how and when to invest in the area. So, over the centuries, the geography of such ports changed dramatically. Most works published so far have explained such changes in terms of decline and economic shrinking, due to the “late antique phase” of the Roman Empire. This monograph looks for a different explanation and stretches the analysis into the late antique period, showing hot it was not simply a period of decline and economic recession, but rather of reorganisation. The volume aims finally to reach a new and more full level of understanding of the Roman economic policy in the Red Sea between the first century BC and the sixth AD.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/38457276" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d12687131c62f5784d964da46f3a628c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":58521062,"asset_id":38457276,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58521062/download_file?st=MTc0MDU5OTM3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="112237" href="https://unina.academia.edu/DarioNappo">Dario Nappo</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="112237" type="text/json">{"id":112237,"first_name":"Dario","last_name":"Nappo","domain_name":"unina","page_name":"DarioNappo","display_name":"Dario Nappo","profile_url":"https://unina.academia.edu/DarioNappo?f_ri=32247","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/112237/30390/84896627/s65_dario.nappo.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_38457276 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="38457276"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38457276, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_38457276", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38457276]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_38457276").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_38457276").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="38457276"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="829" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_History">Roman History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="829" type="text/json">{"id":829,"name":"Roman History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_History?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1693" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Papyrology">Papyrology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1693" type="text/json">{"id":1693,"name":"Papyrology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Papyrology?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="32247" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Trade_Networks">Roman Trade Networks</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="32247" type="text/json">{"id":32247,"name":"Roman Trade Networks","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Trade_Networks?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="33377" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Egypt">Roman Egypt</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="33377" type="text/json">{"id":33377,"name":"Roman Egypt","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Egypt?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=38457276]'), work: {"id":38457276,"title":"I porti romani nel Mar Rosso da Augusto al tardoantico","created_at":"2019-02-28T10:55:58.757-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/38457276/I_porti_romani_nel_Mar_Rosso_da_Augusto_al_tardoantico?f_ri=32247","dom_id":"work_38457276","summary":"This volume draws upon the scholarship on the international trade between the Roman Empire and Eastern regions such as Arabia, Ethiopia and India. Such trade has been often described by ancient sources as a flourishing and very expensive one. More in detail, the book focuses on the life and the development of the ports on the Red Sea, controlled by Rome. These ports acted for centuries as international hubs, linking points between West and East, and they were the gates though which the eastern merchandise would reach the Roman markets. Keeping these remote settlements alive required a big effort on the part of the imperial administration, and some degree of planning to choose how and when to invest in the area. So, over the centuries, the geography of such ports changed dramatically. Most works published so far have explained such changes in terms of decline and economic shrinking, due to the “late antique phase” of the Roman Empire. This monograph looks for a different explanation and stretches the analysis into the late antique period, showing hot it was not simply a period of decline and economic recession, but rather of reorganisation. The volume aims finally to reach a new and more full level of understanding of the Roman economic policy in the Red Sea between the first century BC and the sixth AD.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":58521062,"asset_id":38457276,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":112237,"first_name":"Dario","last_name":"Nappo","domain_name":"unina","page_name":"DarioNappo","display_name":"Dario Nappo","profile_url":"https://unina.academia.edu/DarioNappo?f_ri=32247","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/112237/30390/84896627/s65_dario.nappo.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":829,"name":"Roman History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_History?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true},{"id":1693,"name":"Papyrology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Papyrology?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true},{"id":32247,"name":"Roman Trade Networks","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Trade_Networks?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true},{"id":33377,"name":"Roman Egypt","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Egypt?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true},{"id":39166,"name":"Ancient economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_economy?f_ri=32247"},{"id":79757,"name":"World Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/World_Economy?f_ri=32247"},{"id":82256,"name":"Roman trade with Arabia, India and the Far East","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_trade_with_Arabia_India_and_the_Far_East?f_ri=32247"},{"id":92448,"name":"Indo-Roman Trade","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indo-Roman_Trade?f_ri=32247"},{"id":154189,"name":"Roman Trade in the Indian Ocean","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Trade_in_the_Indian_Ocean?f_ri=32247"},{"id":211203,"name":"ancient Red sea ports","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ancient_Red_sea_ports?f_ri=32247"},{"id":349435,"name":"Red Sea Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Red_Sea_Studies?f_ri=32247"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_37198605" data-work_id="37198605" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37198605/Pudding_Pan_A_Roman_Shipwreck_and_its_Cargo_in_Context">Pudding Pan: A Roman Shipwreck and its Cargo in Context</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">For more than 300 years, commercial fishermen working in the outer Thames estuary have recovered Roman pottery in their oyster dredgers and fishing nets from the seabed in the vicinity of Pudding Pan. However, despite numerous attempts to... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_37198605" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">For more than 300 years, commercial fishermen working in the outer Thames estuary have recovered Roman pottery in their oyster dredgers and fishing nets from the seabed in the vicinity of Pudding Pan. However, despite numerous attempts to locate the source of the material, this elusive site has remained undiscovered beneath the waves. This book assesses the recovered assemblage from Pudding Pan to determine the nature and location of the site. Almost 700 artefacts have been retrieved from this area to date, the majority of which are complete plain samian wares, one of the key indicators of the widespread cultural reception of Rome, which were undoubtedly transported throughout the Empire in huge quantities. The exhaustive research presented in this book convincingly argues that the material represents an unknown proportion of a cargo from a Roman trading ship en route from northern France to London that was deposited on the seabed between AD 180 and 200; it is not yet clear whether the deposit represents a shipwreck or a jettisoned cargo. Such a site is extremely rare throughout the Roman Empire, particularly so in northern Europe, and its discovery could play a crucial role in our understanding of Roman trade. The search for the site continues, but this publication offers the first detailed study of a seemingly predominantly samian cargo in British waters and contributes a new, fundamental perspective of the organisation of trade and consumption in the Roman era.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37198605" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="94cf8478da7731693aeb867230f2b545" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":57149463,"asset_id":37198605,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57149463/download_file?st=MTc0MDU5OTM3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="88317618" href="https://soton.academia.edu/MichaelWalsh">Michael Walsh</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="88317618" type="text/json">{"id":88317618,"first_name":"Michael","last_name":"Walsh","domain_name":"soton","page_name":"MichaelWalsh","display_name":"Michael Walsh","profile_url":"https://soton.academia.edu/MichaelWalsh?f_ri=32247","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_37198605 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="37198605"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 37198605, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_37198605", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=37198605]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_37198605").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_37198605").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="37198605"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16757" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_stamped_pottery">Roman stamped pottery</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="16757" type="text/json">{"id":16757,"name":"Roman stamped pottery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_stamped_pottery?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="32247" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Trade_Networks">Roman Trade Networks</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="32247" type="text/json">{"id":32247,"name":"Roman Trade Networks","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Trade_Networks?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="143392" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Roman_economy_trade_and_commerce">Ancient Roman economy, trade and commerce</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="143392" type="text/json">{"id":143392,"name":"Ancient Roman economy, trade and commerce","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Roman_economy_trade_and_commerce?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="172268" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Samian_Ware">Samian Ware</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="172268" type="text/json">{"id":172268,"name":"Samian Ware","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Samian_Ware?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=37198605]'), work: {"id":37198605,"title":"Pudding Pan: A Roman Shipwreck and its Cargo in Context","created_at":"2018-08-07T12:59:00.134-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/37198605/Pudding_Pan_A_Roman_Shipwreck_and_its_Cargo_in_Context?f_ri=32247","dom_id":"work_37198605","summary":"For more than 300 years, commercial fishermen working in the outer Thames estuary have recovered Roman pottery in their oyster dredgers and fishing nets from the seabed in the vicinity of Pudding Pan. However, despite numerous attempts to locate the source of the material, this elusive site has remained undiscovered beneath the waves. This book assesses the recovered assemblage from Pudding Pan to determine the nature and location of the site. Almost 700 artefacts have been retrieved from this area to date, the majority of which are complete plain samian wares, one of the key indicators of the widespread cultural reception of Rome, which were undoubtedly transported throughout the Empire in huge quantities. The exhaustive research presented in this book convincingly argues that the material represents an unknown proportion of a cargo from a Roman trading ship en route from northern France to London that was deposited on the seabed between AD 180 and 200; it is not yet clear whether the deposit represents a shipwreck or a jettisoned cargo. Such a site is extremely rare throughout the Roman Empire, particularly so in northern Europe, and its discovery could play a crucial role in our understanding of Roman trade. The search for the site continues, but this publication offers the first detailed study of a seemingly predominantly samian cargo in British waters and contributes a new, fundamental perspective of the organisation of trade and consumption in the Roman era. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":57149463,"asset_id":37198605,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":88317618,"first_name":"Michael","last_name":"Walsh","domain_name":"soton","page_name":"MichaelWalsh","display_name":"Michael Walsh","profile_url":"https://soton.academia.edu/MichaelWalsh?f_ri=32247","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":16757,"name":"Roman stamped pottery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_stamped_pottery?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true},{"id":32247,"name":"Roman Trade Networks","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Trade_Networks?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true},{"id":143392,"name":"Ancient Roman economy, trade and commerce","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Roman_economy_trade_and_commerce?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true},{"id":172268,"name":"Samian Ware","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Samian_Ware?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_36345860" data-work_id="36345860" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36345860/Naukratis_Ptolemaic_Roman_and_Byzantine_amphorae_and_stoppers_2018_">Naukratis: Ptolemaic, Roman and Byzantine amphorae and stoppers (2018)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Amphorae are common, distinctive and now a well understood field of archaeological study, constituting a major aspect of research into Hellenistic and Roman archaeology. Amphora sherds are commonly encountered walking through Naukratis to... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_36345860" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Amphorae are common, distinctive and now a well understood field of archaeological study, constituting a major aspect of research into Hellenistic and Roman archaeology. Amphora sherds are commonly encountered walking through Naukratis to this day. However, they are relatively scarce within the assemblage collected by Petrie, Gardner and Hogarth, which is discussed alongside the subsequent research undertaken by Coulson and Leonard and recent fieldwork undertaken by the British Museum. The identification and provenance of amphorae can provide the source and contents of liquid commodities reaching cities such as Naukratis. This data enables us to track the changing sources of wine and oil that were consumed at Naukratis. The study of amphora stoppers allows one to check whether amphorae have been recycled locally and to associate quantifiable ceramic data with qualifiable epigraphic data concerning traders and agents involved in the transport of liquid goods; together the economy of Naukratis can be assessed in comparison with other major settlements in the region and further afield.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/36345860" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b5b9ec8fbd8c1424e3e3f4f30a1e435f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":56254168,"asset_id":36345860,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56254168/download_file?st=MTc0MDU5OTM3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3041768" href="https://britishmuseum.academia.edu/RossThomas">Ross I Thomas</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3041768" type="text/json">{"id":3041768,"first_name":"Ross","last_name":"Thomas","domain_name":"britishmuseum","page_name":"RossThomas","display_name":"Ross I Thomas","profile_url":"https://britishmuseum.academia.edu/RossThomas?f_ri=32247","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3041768/1875088/2225866/s65_ross.thomas.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_36345860 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="36345860"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 36345860, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_36345860", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=36345860]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_36345860").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_36345860").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="36345860"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="18105" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Graeco-Roman_Egypt">Graeco-Roman Egypt</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="18105" type="text/json">{"id":18105,"name":"Graeco-Roman Egypt","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Graeco-Roman_Egypt?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="32247" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Trade_Networks">Roman Trade Networks</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="32247" type="text/json">{"id":32247,"name":"Roman Trade Networks","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Trade_Networks?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="33376" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ptolemaic_Period">Ptolemaic Period</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="33376" type="text/json">{"id":33376,"name":"Ptolemaic Period","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ptolemaic_Period?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="33377" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Egypt">Roman Egypt</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="33377" type="text/json">{"id":33377,"name":"Roman Egypt","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Egypt?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=36345860]'), work: {"id":36345860,"title":"Naukratis: Ptolemaic, Roman and Byzantine amphorae and stoppers (2018)","created_at":"2018-04-06T05:54:37.014-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/36345860/Naukratis_Ptolemaic_Roman_and_Byzantine_amphorae_and_stoppers_2018_?f_ri=32247","dom_id":"work_36345860","summary":"Amphorae are common, distinctive and now a well understood field of archaeological study, constituting a major aspect of research into Hellenistic and Roman archaeology. Amphora sherds are commonly encountered walking through Naukratis to this day. However, they are relatively scarce within the assemblage collected by Petrie, Gardner and Hogarth, which is discussed alongside the subsequent research undertaken by Coulson and Leonard and recent fieldwork undertaken by the British Museum. The identification and provenance of amphorae can provide the source and contents of liquid commodities reaching cities such as Naukratis. This data enables us to track the changing sources of wine and oil that were consumed at Naukratis. The study of amphora stoppers allows one to check whether amphorae have been recycled locally and to associate quantifiable ceramic data with qualifiable epigraphic data concerning traders and agents involved in the transport of liquid goods; together the economy of Naukratis can be assessed in comparison with other major settlements in the region and further afield.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":56254168,"asset_id":36345860,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3041768,"first_name":"Ross","last_name":"Thomas","domain_name":"britishmuseum","page_name":"RossThomas","display_name":"Ross I Thomas","profile_url":"https://britishmuseum.academia.edu/RossThomas?f_ri=32247","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3041768/1875088/2225866/s65_ross.thomas.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":18105,"name":"Graeco-Roman Egypt","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Graeco-Roman_Egypt?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true},{"id":32247,"name":"Roman Trade Networks","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Trade_Networks?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true},{"id":33376,"name":"Ptolemaic Period","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ptolemaic_Period?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true},{"id":33377,"name":"Roman Egypt","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Egypt?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true},{"id":33905,"name":"Amphorae (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Amphorae_Archaeology_?f_ri=32247"},{"id":53033,"name":"Ptolemaic Egypt","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ptolemaic_Egypt?f_ri=32247"},{"id":55673,"name":"Amphorae","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Amphorae?f_ri=32247"},{"id":66558,"name":"Stamped Amphora handles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stamped_Amphora_handles?f_ri=32247"},{"id":94618,"name":"Roman Amphorae","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Amphorae?f_ri=32247"},{"id":97204,"name":"Late Roman Amphorae","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Late_Roman_Amphorae?f_ri=32247"},{"id":103969,"name":"Byzantine Amphorae","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Byzantine_Amphorae?f_ri=32247"},{"id":105554,"name":"Naukratis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Naukratis?f_ri=32247"},{"id":147366,"name":"Greek transport amphorae","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greek_transport_amphorae?f_ri=32247"},{"id":190765,"name":"Ptolemaic and Roman Egypt","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ptolemaic_and_Roman_Egypt?f_ri=32247"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_5168739 coauthored" data-work_id="5168739" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/5168739/Anfore_ebusitane_e_commercio_a_Pompei_III_I_secolo_a_C_levidenza_del_Progetto_I_E_Impianto_Elettrico_1980_1981_nelarea_del_Foro_2014_">Anfore ebusitane e commercio a Pompei (III-I secolo a.C.): l'evidenza del Progetto I.E. (Impianto Elettrico, 1980-1981) nel'area del Foro. (2014)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Se estudian nuevas evidencias de la llegada de ánforas ebusitanas y de otros productos de origen hispano a Pompeya y la bahía napolitana en el contexto general de la etapa romano-republicana, aproximándonos a su relación con el fenómeno... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_5168739" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Se estudian nuevas evidencias de la llegada de ánforas ebusitanas y de otros productos de origen hispano a Pompeya y la bahía napolitana en el contexto general de la etapa romano-republicana, aproximándonos a su relación con el fenómeno de la imitación itálica de la moneda ibicenca. Asimismo, se presentan algunos primeros resultados del reestudio de los materiales anfóricos procedentes de las excavaciones realizadas en el área del Foro y la Via Marina de Pompeya en 1980-1981 con motivo del Impianto Elettrico.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/5168739" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2e57cbcc6c769ee8c07e7c6639dc1d4c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":33446576,"asset_id":5168739,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/33446576/download_file?st=MTc0MDU5OTM3NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="360708" href="https://us.academia.edu/AntonioSaezRomero">Antonio Saez Romero</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="360708" type="text/json">{"id":360708,"first_name":"Antonio","last_name":"Saez Romero","domain_name":"us","page_name":"AntonioSaezRomero","display_name":"Antonio Saez Romero","profile_url":"https://us.academia.edu/AntonioSaezRomero?f_ri=32247","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/360708/95483/6907062/s65_antonio.saez_romero.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-5168739">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-5168739"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://unive.academia.edu/LuanaToniolo">Luana Toniolo</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-5168739'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-5168739').html(); 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u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_34109595" data-work_id="34109595" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/34109595/El_comercio_de_lujo_en_Roma_Elaboraci%C3%B3n_y_comercio_de_objetos_de_lujo_en_Roma_en_el_AltoImperio_joyer%C3%ADa_vestidos_p%C3%BArpuras_y_ung%C3%BCentos">El comercio de lujo en Roma. Elaboración y comercio de objetos de lujo en Roma en el AltoImperio: joyería, vestidos, púrpuras y ungüentos.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">La conquista romana del Mediterráneo oriental y de Egipto amplió los horizontes de los mercaderes ítalo-romanos como nunca antes. A los pocos años de ocupar el territorio, eran cientos las caravanas y barcos que partían anualmente hacia... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_34109595" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">La conquista romana del Mediterráneo oriental y de Egipto amplió los horizontes de los mercaderes ítalo-romanos como nunca antes. A los pocos años de ocupar el territorio, eran cientos las caravanas y barcos que partían anualmente hacia la India y el lejano Oriente desde las ciudades y puertos ubicados en los límites del Imperio romano. Será con Augusto cuando se sienten las bases de un mercado cada vez más globalizado, permitiendo la libre circulación de los productos más deseados por las élites urbanas de la metrópolis romana.<br />Esta investigación aborda mediante el análisis epigráfico de más de doscientas inscripciones funerarias quienes fueron los personajes ligados al comercio y fabricación de joyas, vestidos, tintes y ungüentos en la ciudad de Roma. Estos productos se comercializaron entre la élite de la capital y entre los consumidores selectivos que emulaban la conducta de la aristocracia romana. El marco cronológico de estudio comprende la etapa que va desde finales del periodo republicano a finales del siglo tercero d.C. Y es precisamente el momento<br />relacionado con el cambio de era y el primer siglo d.C. cuando se ha podido relacionar cronológicamente un mayor número de inscripciones. A su vez, poder identificar la localización de sus tiendas o talleres nos ha permitido conocer de primera mano los diversos cambios en la topografía urbana de la ciudad. <br />Asimismo, con el objetivo de conocer los lugares de producción o extracción de estos bienes de carácter suntuarios se han descrito las diferentes rutas intercontinentales de aprovisionamiento de estos productos. En este punto, el análisis de los diferentes agentes<br />implicados en este comercio permite conocer las diferentes áreas de actuación, cuáles fueron los mercados más visitados y cuál fue el rol que jugó cada una de las potencias implicadas en este intercambio. Para ello se ha estudiado cuál fue el marco común de entendimiento para establecer estas relaciones.<br />Los resultados obtenidos han permitido ampliar la descripción tenida hasta ahora sobre un comercio tan selecto, así como proponer nuevas hipótesis interpretativas del tema.<br /><br />English:<br />nunc patimur longae pacis mala, saevior armis<br />luxuria incubuit victumque ulciscitur orbem<br />(JUVENAL. SAT. II, 6, 292-297)<br /><br />With these words the Roman author Juvenal evokes the evils associated with unbridled lust which had pushed Rome after the conquest of the so far known world. In this sense, the conquest of the Eastern Mediterranean and the annexation of Egypt under direct control by Rome resulted in the restoration and improvement of trade routes to the East, place of origin of most luxury goods markets as valued in Rome.<br />As part of our thesis about the luxury trade in the city of Rome during the Early Roman Empire, where we look specifically at luxury products, we wish to introduce how new access to these goods sparked a change in Roman society. In this respect, thanks to the study of lapidary inscriptions related with actors linked to the development and sale of<br />exotic products can be examined a series of changes that occurred from the new Roman state-run establishment under the principality of Augustus. The classical tradition will oppose a new order marked by the Roman elites demand for expensive products, creating fashions and customs unexplored to date, trying to slow it down with the<br />enactment of laws against excess and access.<br />These changes will be accompanied by other observable also in this work, highlighting, the emergence of new commercial characters and their existential increase in Rome: margaritarii, coronarii, vascularii, vestiarii, etc. In this process, indirectly new terms will be minted for defining new jobs and others will vary depending on use. Also, there<br />is a growing desire to show the life and personal work on the tombstones, making clear a new cultural fashion. Finally, this cultural transformation will extend to an urban modification of the Urbs, lifting exclusive spaces for the purchase and sale of these products</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/34109595" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9d124c0919b5c6f3228ef3f54dd35cf7" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":54040455,"asset_id":34109595,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/54040455/download_file?st=MTc0MDU5OTM3NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4685227" href="https://uah-es.academia.edu/JordiP%C3%A9rezGonz%C3%A1lez">Jordi Pérez González</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4685227" type="text/json">{"id":4685227,"first_name":"Jordi","last_name":"Pérez González","domain_name":"uah-es","page_name":"JordiPérezGonzález","display_name":"Jordi Pérez González","profile_url":"https://uah-es.academia.edu/JordiP%C3%A9rezGonz%C3%A1lez?f_ri=32247","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4685227/1972142/11473507/s65_jordi.p_rez_gonz_lez.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_34109595 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="34109595"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 34109595, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_34109595", }); 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Elaboración y comercio de objetos de lujo en Roma en el AltoImperio: joyería, vestidos, púrpuras y ungüentos.","created_at":"2017-08-02T08:19:36.702-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/34109595/El_comercio_de_lujo_en_Roma_Elaboraci%C3%B3n_y_comercio_de_objetos_de_lujo_en_Roma_en_el_AltoImperio_joyer%C3%ADa_vestidos_p%C3%BArpuras_y_ung%C3%BCentos?f_ri=32247","dom_id":"work_34109595","summary":"La conquista romana del Mediterráneo oriental y de Egipto amplió los horizontes de los mercaderes ítalo-romanos como nunca antes. A los pocos años de ocupar el territorio, eran cientos las caravanas y barcos que partían anualmente hacia la India y el lejano Oriente desde las ciudades y puertos ubicados en los límites del Imperio romano. Será con Augusto cuando se sienten las bases de un mercado cada vez más globalizado, permitiendo la libre circulación de los productos más deseados por las élites urbanas de la metrópolis romana.\nEsta investigación aborda mediante el análisis epigráfico de más de doscientas inscripciones funerarias quienes fueron los personajes ligados al comercio y fabricación de joyas, vestidos, tintes y ungüentos en la ciudad de Roma. Estos productos se comercializaron entre la élite de la capital y entre los consumidores selectivos que emulaban la conducta de la aristocracia romana. El marco cronológico de estudio comprende la etapa que va desde finales del periodo republicano a finales del siglo tercero d.C. Y es precisamente el momento\nrelacionado con el cambio de era y el primer siglo d.C. cuando se ha podido relacionar cronológicamente un mayor número de inscripciones. A su vez, poder identificar la localización de sus tiendas o talleres nos ha permitido conocer de primera mano los diversos cambios en la topografía urbana de la ciudad. \nAsimismo, con el objetivo de conocer los lugares de producción o extracción de estos bienes de carácter suntuarios se han descrito las diferentes rutas intercontinentales de aprovisionamiento de estos productos. En este punto, el análisis de los diferentes agentes\nimplicados en este comercio permite conocer las diferentes áreas de actuación, cuáles fueron los mercados más visitados y cuál fue el rol que jugó cada una de las potencias implicadas en este intercambio. Para ello se ha estudiado cuál fue el marco común de entendimiento para establecer estas relaciones.\nLos resultados obtenidos han permitido ampliar la descripción tenida hasta ahora sobre un comercio tan selecto, así como proponer nuevas hipótesis interpretativas del tema.\n\nEnglish:\nnunc patimur longae pacis mala, saevior armis\nluxuria incubuit victumque ulciscitur orbem\n(JUVENAL. SAT. II, 6, 292-297)\n\nWith these words the Roman author Juvenal evokes the evils associated with unbridled lust which had pushed Rome after the conquest of the so far known world. In this sense, the conquest of the Eastern Mediterranean and the annexation of Egypt under direct control by Rome resulted in the restoration and improvement of trade routes to the East, place of origin of most luxury goods markets as valued in Rome.\nAs part of our thesis about the luxury trade in the city of Rome during the Early Roman Empire, where we look specifically at luxury products, we wish to introduce how new access to these goods sparked a change in Roman society. In this respect, thanks to the study of lapidary inscriptions related with actors linked to the development and sale of\nexotic products can be examined a series of changes that occurred from the new Roman state-run establishment under the principality of Augustus. The classical tradition will oppose a new order marked by the Roman elites demand for expensive products, creating fashions and customs unexplored to date, trying to slow it down with the\nenactment of laws against excess and access.\nThese changes will be accompanied by other observable also in this work, highlighting, the emergence of new commercial characters and their existential increase in Rome: margaritarii, coronarii, vascularii, vestiarii, etc. In this process, indirectly new terms will be minted for defining new jobs and others will vary depending on use. Also, there\nis a growing desire to show the life and personal work on the tombstones, making clear a new cultural fashion. Finally, this cultural transformation will extend to an urban modification of the Urbs, lifting exclusive spaces for the purchase and sale of these products","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":54040455,"asset_id":34109595,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4685227,"first_name":"Jordi","last_name":"Pérez González","domain_name":"uah-es","page_name":"JordiPérezGonzález","display_name":"Jordi Pérez González","profile_url":"https://uah-es.academia.edu/JordiP%C3%A9rezGonz%C3%A1lez?f_ri=32247","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4685227/1972142/11473507/s65_jordi.p_rez_gonz_lez.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":829,"name":"Roman History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_History?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true},{"id":845,"name":"Roman Historiography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Historiography?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true},{"id":1233,"name":"Social 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Mediterranean","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Maritime_Trade_Networks_and_Ports_In_Western_Mediterranean?f_ri=32247"},{"id":1238737,"name":"Maritime Silk Roads","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Silk_Roads?f_ri=32247"},{"id":1716459,"name":"Transportation Hubs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transportation_Hubs?f_ri=32247"},{"id":2379875,"name":"Epigraphic Database Heidelberg","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epigraphic_Database_Heidelberg?f_ri=32247"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_434727" data-work_id="434727" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/434727/Quantifying_the_Roman_Economy_Methods_and_Problems">Quantifying the Roman Economy: Methods and Problems</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This volume contains seventeen papers by leading Roman historians and archaeologists, discussing approaches to and methods of analysing the performance of the economy of the Mediterranean world under Roman imperial rule in the period c.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_434727" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This volume contains seventeen papers by leading Roman historians and archaeologists, discussing approaches to and methods of analysing the performance of the economy of the Mediterranean world under Roman imperial rule in the period c. 100 BC to AD 350. An introductory chapter defines the constituents and characteristics of economic integration, growth and decline in the Roman economy, and the ways in which quantifiable and proxy data can be used to measure them. This is followed by analyses of approaches in specific economic sectors: demography, urbanisation and settlement patterns, the agrarian economy, patterns of trade and commerce, metal supply and coinage. The volume offers a comprehensive survey of the opportunities for advancing understanding of the economic and technological development of the Mediterranean world under Roman rule by combining old and new evidence from archaeological and documentary sources.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/434727" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8d9baa7176df4994aa3100e932140ac1" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":52326449,"asset_id":434727,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/52326449/download_file?st=MTc0MDU5OTM3NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="326123" href="https://oxford.academia.edu/AndrewWilson">Andrew Wilson</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="326123" type="text/json">{"id":326123,"first_name":"Andrew","last_name":"Wilson","domain_name":"oxford","page_name":"AndrewWilson","display_name":"Andrew Wilson","profile_url":"https://oxford.academia.edu/AndrewWilson?f_ri=32247","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/326123/91667/100141/s65_andrew.wilson.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_434727 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="434727"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 434727, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_434727", }); 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One of these nations was the Hopi Nation in Arizona, a non-sovereign nation - which the UN labels as 'indigenous peoples'. In a long chain of events beginning from the League of Nations' decision in 1926 to deny the First Nations of Americas and the small island nations' representation in that international forum, its successor the United Nations, turned down four attempts by the Hopi Nation to raise the issue between 1948 and 1992. Finally, in the immediate aftermath of the Rio Earth Summit (1992), the United Nations Secretary-General Javier Pérez de Cuéllar authorised the Hopi Nation to table the matter to the floor of UN General Assembly 10th-11th December 1992. <br /><br />The First Nations of Americas Ethnoclimatology Motion and the Tradition-Keepers ('Faith-Keepers') background to that motion is elaborated here in this UNFCCC submission with further points were raised in 1st-2nd October 2018 at CRIAS conference. This contextualises the First Nations of Americas UN General Assembly Investigation Request 101292 which was the Concluding Plea of the World Indigenous Peoples' Joint Summit with the United Nations Parties ('Member States') Delegations to open the first UN Year of the Indigenous People (1993) to other ethnoclimatologies appearing world wide. The Geophysical Annotations were discussed at the Cochabamba-Tiquipaya Climate Summit (CMPCC1) in aftermath of the collapsed Copenhagen Climate Summit COP15 (2009) with the request from the UNESCO Delegation of the Plurinational State of Bolivia on 7th January 2010 and His Excellency President Evo Morales Ayma.<br /><br />The key tenents of the Geophysical Annotations being: <br /><br />(1) A signal noise from a substantial radiocarbon-dilution effect due to major sea level retreats and rises during the Ice Ages that depressurised methane clathrates - releasing copious amounts of methane and carbon dioxide into air from depressurised seabed clathrates and also from thawing terra firma permafrost; this results in regressive, or sideway, 14C  readings in tree rings ("tree rings in a wrong order"). Thus, the Ice Ages era (the last glacial maxium to holocene thermal maximum period) cores of the tree trunks can appear substantially 14C-younger than the tree trunks' latest (outermost) tree-rings which cannot be the case due to the extreme steadiness of the radiocarbon's decay rate.<br /><br /> (2) Methane accumulates to upper troposphere, stratosphere, and mesosphere: hence any methane signature in the ice cores is only from methane-in-transit. Additionally the global warming episode that ended the ice ages had heavy methane loads that warmed and melted away most of the era's recent ice surfaces, thus obliterating the-then-most recently laid down snow stratum (leaving behind the earlier less methane rich snow layers). This caused incomplete records (time gaps) in the ice cores, and hence "global warming" always appears "before" higher atmospheric CO2 or CH4 levels (hence appearing as if them being 'respondents', rather than the drivers of climate warning).<br /><br />(3) Noting that the partial melting equations can also be run inverse direction, it is proposed that the Pleistocene glaciations resulted in damage to Peridotite which partially melted producing basalt deposition in a large scale onto the seafloor in vast effusive eruptions with field emission of heat rather than radial spot emission of heat like in modern-day Surtseyan eruptions that have only a minimal heat crossing to sea surface due to small spatial extent of hot subsea surface. The vaporisation of sea water in field emission is vast due to spatial extent of hot subsea surface greatly exceeding the thickness of overlying water column, leading to runaway snowfalls. This caused an inflated size hydrological cycle which effectively washed out atmosphere-generated radiocarbon while geological seabed-associated depressurised carbon-12 was being released en masse leading to negligible carbon-14 readings (the radiocarbon-dilution effect by the Pleistocene's hydrological cycle / sea bed depressurisation). <br /><br />On these three premises, the First Nations of Americans Ethnoclimatology Motion at the United Nations General Assembly on 10th-11th December 1992 is proposed as a variant possibility to the climate theories advocated aggressively by the Western Group of Nations and their influential academia. Its implications to present-day climate change suggest that the Polar Ice Caps will continue on their much-faster-than-anticipated loss trajectory to violent collapses. This aspect was highlighted in Sea Research Society's Evidence Giving at the UK Houses of Parliament in Environmental Audit Committee evidence giving on 5th and 24th April 2017. The urgency of situation is underlined by the fact that despite world-wide economic shut down by covid-19, carbon dioxide has continued its rapid rise to 417 parts per million indicating that time to act is running out as the remaining North Pole marine ice cap is soon to melt away and then destabilise the surrounding glaciers post Arctic sea ice (most notably the Greenland Ice Sheet).</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/36396474" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="24d390c492f71a64eacb1ba7fa9ee443" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":56307543,"asset_id":36396474,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56307543/download_file?st=MTc0MDU5OTM3NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="5226464" href="https://exploresrs.academia.edu/VeliKallio">Veli Albert Kallio</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="5226464" type="text/json">{"id":5226464,"first_name":"Veli Albert","last_name":"Kallio","domain_name":"exploresrs","page_name":"VeliKallio","display_name":"Veli Albert Kallio","profile_url":"https://exploresrs.academia.edu/VeliKallio?f_ri=32247","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5226464/2301250/2686492/s65_veli.kallio.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_36396474 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="36396474"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 36396474, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_36396474", }); 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One of these nations was the Hopi Nation in Arizona, a non-sovereign nation - which the UN labels as 'indigenous peoples'. In a long chain of events beginning from the League of Nations' decision in 1926 to deny the First Nations of Americas and the small island nations' representation in that international forum, its successor the United Nations, turned down four attempts by the Hopi Nation to raise the issue between 1948 and 1992. Finally, in the immediate aftermath of the Rio Earth Summit (1992), the United Nations Secretary-General Javier Pérez de Cuéllar authorised the Hopi Nation to table the matter to the floor of UN General Assembly 10th-11th December 1992. \n\nThe First Nations of Americas Ethnoclimatology Motion and the Tradition-Keepers ('Faith-Keepers') background to that motion is elaborated here in this UNFCCC submission with further points were raised in 1st-2nd October 2018 at CRIAS conference. This contextualises the First Nations of Americas UN General Assembly Investigation Request 101292 which was the Concluding Plea of the World Indigenous Peoples' Joint Summit with the United Nations Parties ('Member States') Delegations to open the first UN Year of the Indigenous People (1993) to other ethnoclimatologies appearing world wide. The Geophysical Annotations were discussed at the Cochabamba-Tiquipaya Climate Summit (CMPCC1) in aftermath of the collapsed Copenhagen Climate Summit COP15 (2009) with the request from the UNESCO Delegation of the Plurinational State of Bolivia on 7th January 2010 and His Excellency President Evo Morales Ayma.\n\nThe key tenents of the Geophysical Annotations being: \n\n(1) A signal noise from a substantial radiocarbon-dilution effect due to major sea level retreats and rises during the Ice Ages that depressurised methane clathrates - releasing copious amounts of methane and carbon dioxide into air from depressurised seabed clathrates and also from thawing terra firma permafrost; this results in regressive, or sideway, 14C readings in tree rings (\"tree rings in a wrong order\"). Thus, the Ice Ages era (the last glacial maxium to holocene thermal maximum period) cores of the tree trunks can appear substantially 14C-younger than the tree trunks' latest (outermost) tree-rings which cannot be the case due to the extreme steadiness of the radiocarbon's decay rate.\n\n (2) Methane accumulates to upper troposphere, stratosphere, and mesosphere: hence any methane signature in the ice cores is only from methane-in-transit. Additionally the global warming episode that ended the ice ages had heavy methane loads that warmed and melted away most of the era's recent ice surfaces, thus obliterating the-then-most recently laid down snow stratum (leaving behind the earlier less methane rich snow layers). This caused incomplete records (time gaps) in the ice cores, and hence \"global warming\" always appears \"before\" higher atmospheric CO2 or CH4 levels (hence appearing as if them being 'respondents', rather than the drivers of climate warning).\n\n(3) Noting that the partial melting equations can also be run inverse direction, it is proposed that the Pleistocene glaciations resulted in damage to Peridotite which partially melted producing basalt deposition in a large scale onto the seafloor in vast effusive eruptions with field emission of heat rather than radial spot emission of heat like in modern-day Surtseyan eruptions that have only a minimal heat crossing to sea surface due to small spatial extent of hot subsea surface. The vaporisation of sea water in field emission is vast due to spatial extent of hot subsea surface greatly exceeding the thickness of overlying water column, leading to runaway snowfalls. This caused an inflated size hydrological cycle which effectively washed out atmosphere-generated radiocarbon while geological seabed-associated depressurised carbon-12 was being released en masse leading to negligible carbon-14 readings (the radiocarbon-dilution effect by the Pleistocene's hydrological cycle / sea bed depressurisation). \n\nOn these three premises, the First Nations of Americans Ethnoclimatology Motion at the United Nations General Assembly on 10th-11th December 1992 is proposed as a variant possibility to the climate theories advocated aggressively by the Western Group of Nations and their influential academia. Its implications to present-day climate change suggest that the Polar Ice Caps will continue on their much-faster-than-anticipated loss trajectory to violent collapses. This aspect was highlighted in Sea Research Society's Evidence Giving at the UK Houses of Parliament in Environmental Audit Committee evidence giving on 5th and 24th April 2017. The urgency of situation is underlined by the fact that despite world-wide economic shut down by covid-19, carbon dioxide has continued its rapid rise to 417 parts per million indicating that time to act is running out as the remaining North Pole marine ice cap is soon to melt away and then destabilise the surrounding glaciers post Arctic sea ice (most notably the Greenland Ice Sheet).","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":56307543,"asset_id":36396474,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":5226464,"first_name":"Veli Albert","last_name":"Kallio","domain_name":"exploresrs","page_name":"VeliKallio","display_name":"Veli Albert Kallio","profile_url":"https://exploresrs.academia.edu/VeliKallio?f_ri=32247","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5226464/2301250/2686492/s65_veli.kallio.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":113,"name":"Buddhism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Buddhism?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true},{"id":114,"name":"Hinduism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hinduism?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true},{"id":119,"name":"Native American Religions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Religions?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true},{"id":121,"name":"Sumerian Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sumerian_Religion?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true},{"id":139,"name":"Ethnohistory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnohistory?f_ri=32247"},{"id":299,"name":"Native American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies?f_ri=32247"},{"id":387,"name":"Japanese Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Japanese_Studies?f_ri=32247"},{"id":829,"name":"Roman History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_History?f_ri=32247"},{"id":926,"name":"Indigenous Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_Studies?f_ri=32247"},{"id":927,"name":"Indigenous or Aboriginal Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_or_Aboriginal_Studies?f_ri=32247"},{"id":1031,"name":"Southeast Asian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Southeast_Asian_Studies?f_ri=32247"},{"id":1222,"name":"Buddhist Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Buddhist_Philosophy?f_ri=32247"},{"id":1512,"name":"Climate Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change?f_ri=32247"},{"id":2190,"name":"Chinese Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chinese_Studies?f_ri=32247"},{"id":2388,"name":"Japanese Language And Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Japanese_Language_And_Culture?f_ri=32247"},{"id":2400,"name":"Japanese Religions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Japanese_Religions?f_ri=32247"},{"id":2882,"name":"Chinese Buddhism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chinese_Buddhism?f_ri=32247"},{"id":2906,"name":"Buddhist Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Buddhist_Studies?f_ri=32247"},{"id":3073,"name":"Indigenous education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_education?f_ri=32247"},{"id":3558,"name":"South Asian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Asian_Studies?f_ri=32247"},{"id":3559,"name":"Indigenous Research Methodologies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_Research_Methodologies?f_ri=32247"},{"id":4235,"name":"Old Norse Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_Literature?f_ri=32247"},{"id":5060,"name":"Indigenous Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_Politics?f_ri=32247"},{"id":5061,"name":"Native American Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Politics?f_ri=32247"},{"id":5095,"name":"Aztecs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aztecs?f_ri=32247"},{"id":5471,"name":"South Asia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Asia?f_ri=32247"},{"id":5802,"name":"J. 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Hárshegyi - K. Ottományi, Imported and local pottery in Late Roman Pannonia</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In Late roman pannonia, local pottery was produced in small, local centres, but on a more limited scale than before the 4th c., in the region. A dense network of pottery workshops operated at the time of Valentinian in the Danube bend,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_5133500" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In Late roman pannonia, local pottery was produced in small, local centres, but on a more limited scale than before the 4th c., in the region. A dense network of pottery workshops operated at the time of Valentinian in the Danube bend, which was an important section of the limes. In most of these examples, pottery kilns, situated in villae and rural settlements in the hinterland of the province, manufactured only one pottery type. the larger workshops, situated in more favourable geographical positions, produced not only coarse ware but glazed and burnished wares, as well. Local artisans tried to imitate the decreasing amount of imported terra sigillata, metal and glass vessels, by adopting new techniques and decorative elements. Imported pottery now consisted of only a few types, such as: African red Slip ware, small numbers of amphorae, lamps, occasional Argonne Ware, and some eggshell type cups. It can be shown that in parallel with the increasing production of hand-made, coarse and burnished ware pottery, imports ceased in the province around the second decade of the 5th c. A.D.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/5133500" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e91fc433c1cc8e07761b254b743525d3" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":56008717,"asset_id":5133500,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56008717/download_file?st=MTc0MDU5OTM3NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="635926" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PiroskaMagyarH%C3%A1rshegyi">Piroska Hárshegyi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="635926" type="text/json">{"id":635926,"first_name":"Piroska","last_name":"Hárshegyi","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PiroskaMagyarHárshegyi","display_name":"Piroska Hárshegyi","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PiroskaMagyarH%C3%A1rshegyi?f_ri=32247","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/635926/218557/121889244/s65_piroska.magyar-h_rshegyi.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_5133500 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="5133500"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 5133500, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_5133500", }); 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Hárshegyi - K. Ottományi, Imported and local pottery in Late Roman Pannonia","created_at":"2013-11-17T17:05:30.313-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/5133500/P_H%C3%A1rshegyi_K_Ottom%C3%A1nyi_Imported_and_local_pottery_in_Late_Roman_Pannonia?f_ri=32247","dom_id":"work_5133500","summary":"In Late roman pannonia, local pottery was produced in small, local centres, but on a more limited scale than before the 4th c., in the region. A dense network of pottery workshops operated at the time of Valentinian in the Danube bend, which was an important section of the limes. In most of these examples, pottery kilns, situated in villae and rural settlements in the hinterland of the province, manufactured only one pottery type. the larger workshops, situated in more favourable geographical positions, produced not only coarse ware but glazed and burnished wares, as well. Local artisans tried to imitate the decreasing amount of imported terra sigillata, metal and glass vessels, by adopting new techniques and decorative elements. Imported pottery now consisted of only a few types, such as: African red Slip ware, small numbers of amphorae, lamps, occasional Argonne Ware, and some eggshell type cups. It can be shown that in parallel with the increasing production of hand-made, coarse and burnished ware pottery, imports ceased in the province around the second decade of the 5th c. A.D.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":56008717,"asset_id":5133500,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":635926,"first_name":"Piroska","last_name":"Hárshegyi","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PiroskaMagyarHárshegyi","display_name":"Piroska Hárshegyi","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PiroskaMagyarH%C3%A1rshegyi?f_ri=32247","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/635926/218557/121889244/s65_piroska.magyar-h_rshegyi.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":10091,"name":"Byzantine Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Byzantine_Studies?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true},{"id":11076,"name":"Late Antiquity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Late_Antiquity?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true},{"id":23640,"name":"Roman Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Economy?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true},{"id":26304,"name":"Late Roman Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Late_Roman_Archaeology?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true},{"id":28337,"name":"Terra Sigillata","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Terra_Sigillata?f_ri=32247"},{"id":29029,"name":"Late Roman Pottery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Late_Roman_Pottery?f_ri=32247"},{"id":32247,"name":"Roman Trade Networks","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Trade_Networks?f_ri=32247"},{"id":33905,"name":"Amphorae (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Amphorae_Archaeology_?f_ri=32247"},{"id":34650,"name":"Archaeology of Roman Pannonia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology_of_Roman_Pannonia?f_ri=32247"},{"id":143392,"name":"Ancient Roman economy, trade and commerce","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Roman_economy_trade_and_commerce?f_ri=32247"},{"id":163159,"name":"Late Roman Glazed Ware","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Late_Roman_Glazed_Ware?f_ri=32247"},{"id":544544,"name":"Roman coarse ware","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_coarse_ware?f_ri=32247"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_74478083" data-work_id="74478083" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/74478083/Gold_spices_and_borders_literary_sources_and_roman_trade_with_East">Gold, spices and borders: literary sources and roman trade with East</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Collana di studi e testi per la storia economica, sociale e amministrativa del mondo antico diretta da Elio Lo Cascio</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/74478083" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="90ab01ff9ba646fd6039080086105d45" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":84150890,"asset_id":74478083,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/84150890/download_file?st=MTc0MDU5OTM3NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span 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class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="130" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_History">Ancient History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="130" type="text/json">{"id":130,"name":"Ancient History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_History?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="392" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology">Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="392" type="text/json">{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="414" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mineralogy">Mineralogy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="414" type="text/json">{"id":414,"name":"Mineralogy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mineralogy?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7240" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Silk_Road_Studies">Silk Road Studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="7240" type="text/json">{"id":7240,"name":"Silk Road Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Silk_Road_Studies?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=74478083]'), work: {"id":74478083,"title":"Gold, spices and borders: literary sources and roman trade with East","created_at":"2022-03-24T10:05:37.701-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/74478083/Gold_spices_and_borders_literary_sources_and_roman_trade_with_East?f_ri=32247","dom_id":"work_74478083","summary":"Collana di studi e testi per la storia economica, sociale e amministrativa 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Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Silk_Road_Studies?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true},{"id":23640,"name":"Roman Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Economy?f_ri=32247"},{"id":27001,"name":"Archaeology of Roman Hispania","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology_of_Roman_Hispania?f_ri=32247"},{"id":32247,"name":"Roman Trade Networks","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Trade_Networks?f_ri=32247"},{"id":34196,"name":"Gold Mineralization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gold_Mineralization?f_ri=32247"},{"id":108356,"name":"Etimology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Etimology?f_ri=32247"},{"id":963696,"name":"History of the Silk Road","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_the_Silk_Road?f_ri=32247"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_70745581" data-work_id="70745581" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/70745581/Apollo_and_the_little_man_with_the_strigils_and_the_Italo_Baetican_iconography">Apollo and the little man with the strigils, and the Italo-Baetican iconography</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">A lead piece from the River Garigliano at Minturnae shows Apollo presenting a little figure standing on an altar with toilet set of two strigils and an aryballos suspended from a carrying ring. He holds out the same set to Apollo. This is... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_70745581" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">A lead piece from the River Garigliano at Minturnae shows Apollo presenting a little figure standing on an altar with toilet set of two strigils and an aryballos suspended from a carrying ring. He holds out the same set to Apollo. This is one of the diagnostic images of the Italo-Baetican series, found both in central Italy and in Hispania Ulterior Baetica in the second and first centuries BC. In central Italy, the Italo-Baetican issues helped provide liquidity in the context of the insufficiency of small change for the need of growing markets in the cities of the region that began in the middle of the second century, as wealth from successful conquest flowed into Italy, and its cities swelled. Those striking these non-state issues must have done so from a specific need for small change, which further suggests a structured commercial context. A review of the iconography suggests that this commercial milieu – and perhaps a corporate group or groups within it – may also have had shared cultic references that underwrote group self-image and solidarity.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/70745581" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="849e027a704c2317ad2284b8a9aa1a4c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":80365439,"asset_id":70745581,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/80365439/download_file?st=MTc0MDU5OTM3NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="273387" href="https://warwick.academia.edu/CliveStannard">Clive Stannard</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="273387" type="text/json">{"id":273387,"first_name":"Clive","last_name":"Stannard","domain_name":"warwick","page_name":"CliveStannard","display_name":"Clive Stannard","profile_url":"https://warwick.academia.edu/CliveStannard?f_ri=32247","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/273387/56694/623681/s65_clive.stannard.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_70745581 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="70745581"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 70745581, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_70745581", }); 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He holds out the same set to Apollo. This is one of the diagnostic images of the Italo-Baetican series, found both in central Italy and in Hispania Ulterior Baetica in the second and first centuries BC. In central Italy, the Italo-Baetican issues helped provide liquidity in the context of the insufficiency of small change for the need of growing markets in the cities of the region that began in the middle of the second century, as wealth from successful conquest flowed into Italy, and its cities swelled. Those striking these non-state issues must have done so from a specific need for small change, which further suggests a structured commercial context. A review of the iconography suggests that this commercial milieu – and perhaps a corporate group or groups within it – may also have had shared cultic references that underwrote group self-image and solidarity.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":80365439,"asset_id":70745581,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":273387,"first_name":"Clive","last_name":"Stannard","domain_name":"warwick","page_name":"CliveStannard","display_name":"Clive Stannard","profile_url":"https://warwick.academia.edu/CliveStannard?f_ri=32247","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/273387/56694/623681/s65_clive.stannard.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":5327,"name":"Roman Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Religion?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true},{"id":27001,"name":"Archaeology of Roman Hispania","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology_of_Roman_Hispania?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true},{"id":27745,"name":"Roman 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href="https://www.academia.edu/40914504/Monte_Testaccio_Rome_Italy_">Monte Testaccio (Rome, Italy)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/40914504" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1a35cf1ee73089a734bb6c6b20b2458a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":61203104,"asset_id":40914504,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" 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Rodríguez","profile_url":"https://barcelona.academia.edu/Jos%C3%A9RemesalRodr%C3%ADguez?f_ri=32247","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3232342/1064709/1329244/s65_jos_.remesal_rodr_guez.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_40914504 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="40914504"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 40914504, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_40914504", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_40914504 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 40914504; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) 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topography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_topography?f_ri=32247"},{"id":380810,"name":"Ancient Roman Topography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Roman_Topography?f_ri=32247"},{"id":609638,"name":"Food supplies to the Roman army","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_supplies_to_the_Roman_army?f_ri=32247"},{"id":683740,"name":"Testaccio, Anfore","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Testaccio_Anfore?f_ri=32247"},{"id":1551772,"name":"Mattatoio di Testaccio","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mattatoio_di_Testaccio?f_ri=32247"},{"id":2934957,"name":"Testaccio","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Testaccio?f_ri=32247"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_35830530" data-work_id="35830530" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/35830530/Trade_Commerce_and_the_State_in_the_Roman_World">Trade, Commerce, and the State in the Roman World</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This interdisciplinary volume presents eighteen papers by Roman historians and archaeologists, discussing trade in the Roman empire in the period c. 100 BC to AD 350, and in particular the role of the Roman state, in shaping the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_35830530" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This interdisciplinary volume presents eighteen papers by Roman historians and archaeologists, discussing trade in the Roman empire in the period c. 100 BC to AD 350, and in particular the role of the Roman state, in shaping the institutional framework for trade within and outside the empire, in taxing that trade, and in intervening in the markets to ensure the supply of particular commodities, especially for the city of Rome and for the army.<br /><br />An introductory chapter by the editors sets the scene within the context of scholarly debate over the scale, nature and importance of Roman trade since the mid twentieth centuries. The chapters in this volume address facets of the subject on the basis of widely different sources of evidence—historical, papyrological and archaeological—and are grouped in three sections. Many of the major institutional factors are discussed in the first section: taxation by Alan Bowman (chapter 2); the legal structures by Boudewijn Sirks (chapter 3); market regulation and transaction costs by Elio Lo Cascio (chapter 4); Republican financial institutions by Philip Kay (chapter 5). A picture begins to emerge of heavy state involvement in establishing institutional frameworks conducive to trade, including provision of transport infrastructure, and, notably, interventions in the market to distort flows of particular goods, whether staples such as grain or olive oil, or luxuries such as marble, to particular concentrations of demands, principally Rome and the army garrisons. But this seems to have been done by the engagement of private contractors, in a way which stimulated private trade on the back of it: Colin Adams’ chapter on Nile transport (chapter 6) points out the incentives or subsidies carrying a private cargo as a supplement to a state cargo, and thus how the imbrication of state and private transport subsidised private trade.<br /><br />The second and third sections concentrate on internal and external (long-distance) trade, respectively. Among the underlying questions of economic performance, we include: how widely available were different kinds of goods, and what determined differences in availability? How successfully did transport infrastructure provision enable goods to be moved, or did high transport costs deter long-distance land movement? The (predominantly archaeological) evidence reviewed in Part II gives the impression that access to resources via long-distance trade corrected some imbalances in natural reserves, for example in timber (chapter 7), and that traded goods (glass, chapter 9; pottery, chapters 10–12; and metals) were widely and effectively distributed. In normal circumstances, the transport systems, institutional framework, market concentrations of demand, worked pretty well for a preindustrial society. But there is anecdotal evidence of famines which could not be alleviated in time, given the slow transport and communication speeds of a preindustrial world. Although much of the evidence for the scale and reach of Roman trade comes from pottery, since that is one of the most archaeologically durable and traceable commodities, a particularly important feature of this volume is that several papers show what can be done with other goods: timber (William Harris, chapter 7), glass (Daniele Foy, chapter 9), stone (Ben Russell, chapter 8), and even the service industry in cleaning textiles (Ivan Radman, chapter 13). A chapter by Emanuele Papi (ch. 14)  examines a particular province, Mauretania Tingitana, and demonstrates how recent archaeological work and a synthesis of what is known about amphorae production sites radically alter the perception of that province as largely isolated from Mediterranean trading networks.<br /><br />The third and final section deals with trade beyond the boundaries of the empire, especially with India and the far East, a topic on which a mass of new data has become available in the last decade, largely as a result of archaeological excavations. David Graf provides a magisterial survey of the evidence for the development, extent and nature of trade via the so-called ‘Silk Roads’ (chapter 15) The Silk Road trade at the Chinese end originated epiphenomenally on the practice of state tribute and diplomatic embassies, as tribute in kind and diplomatic gifts were resold by their enterprising recipients. As trade developed along the routes westward and gained its own momentum, its value was harnessed by the Chinese and Roman states in the form of heavy customs dues.<br />Roberta Tomber and Dario Nappo argue, on the basis of ceramic and numismatic evidence respectively, that contrary to a widespread view trade between the Roman world and India had not declined by the mid second century, but remained buoyant at least until the Antonine period. Barbara Davidde’s paper illustrates the role that Arabian ports played in this trade with India and also with the products of Arabia. Qana’ was receiving Campanian, Laodicaean and Egyptian wine, and even wine from Spain and the Black Sea. Some of this was clearly traded in return for frankincense from the interior of Yemen; but some will have been bought for onward shipment to the ports of northern India, and Indian goods would have gone the other way.<br /><br />Overall, the papers suggest a mixed picture of the development of patterns of trade across the empire, especially in the third and fourth centuries, and no definitive or widely applicable conclusion about ‘economic collapse’. Rome’s external trade with realms to the east emerges as being of particular significance to the fisc. But in the eastern part of the empire at least, the state appears, in collaboration with the elite holders of wealth, to have adapted the mechanisms of taxation, both direct and indirect, to support its need for revenue. On the other hand, the price of that collaboration which was in effect a fiscal partnership, in slightly different forms in east and west, in the longer term fundamentally changed the political character of the empire.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/35830530" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9eb2c1d929a7cd43a46f3cf540102ae6" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":55707931,"asset_id":35830530,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/55707931/download_file?st=MTc0MDU5OTM3NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="326123" href="https://oxford.academia.edu/AndrewWilson">Andrew Wilson</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="326123" type="text/json">{"id":326123,"first_name":"Andrew","last_name":"Wilson","domain_name":"oxford","page_name":"AndrewWilson","display_name":"Andrew Wilson","profile_url":"https://oxford.academia.edu/AndrewWilson?f_ri=32247","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/326123/91667/100141/s65_andrew.wilson.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_35830530 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="35830530"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 35830530, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_35830530", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=35830530]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_35830530").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_35830530").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="35830530"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">27</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="128" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History">History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="128" type="text/json">{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="130" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_History">Ancient History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="130" type="text/json">{"id":130,"name":"Ancient History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_History?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="137" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_History">Economic History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="137" type="text/json">{"id":137,"name":"Economic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_History?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="392" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology">Archaeology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="392" type="text/json">{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=35830530]'), work: {"id":35830530,"title":"Trade, Commerce, and the State in the Roman World","created_at":"2018-02-03T08:56:39.764-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/35830530/Trade_Commerce_and_the_State_in_the_Roman_World?f_ri=32247","dom_id":"work_35830530","summary":"This interdisciplinary volume presents eighteen papers by Roman historians and archaeologists, discussing trade in the Roman empire in the period c. 100 BC to AD 350, and in particular the role of the Roman state, in shaping the institutional framework for trade within and outside the empire, in taxing that trade, and in intervening in the markets to ensure the supply of particular commodities, especially for the city of Rome and for the army.\n\nAn introductory chapter by the editors sets the scene within the context of scholarly debate over the scale, nature and importance of Roman trade since the mid twentieth centuries. The chapters in this volume address facets of the subject on the basis of widely different sources of evidence—historical, papyrological and archaeological—and are grouped in three sections. Many of the major institutional factors are discussed in the first section: taxation by Alan Bowman (chapter 2); the legal structures by Boudewijn Sirks (chapter 3); market regulation and transaction costs by Elio Lo Cascio (chapter 4); Republican financial institutions by Philip Kay (chapter 5). A picture begins to emerge of heavy state involvement in establishing institutional frameworks conducive to trade, including provision of transport infrastructure, and, notably, interventions in the market to distort flows of particular goods, whether staples such as grain or olive oil, or luxuries such as marble, to particular concentrations of demands, principally Rome and the army garrisons. But this seems to have been done by the engagement of private contractors, in a way which stimulated private trade on the back of it: Colin Adams’ chapter on Nile transport (chapter 6) points out the incentives or subsidies carrying a private cargo as a supplement to a state cargo, and thus how the imbrication of state and private transport subsidised private trade.\n\nThe second and third sections concentrate on internal and external (long-distance) trade, respectively. Among the underlying questions of economic performance, we include: how widely available were different kinds of goods, and what determined differences in availability? How successfully did transport infrastructure provision enable goods to be moved, or did high transport costs deter long-distance land movement? The (predominantly archaeological) evidence reviewed in Part II gives the impression that access to resources via long-distance trade corrected some imbalances in natural reserves, for example in timber (chapter 7), and that traded goods (glass, chapter 9; pottery, chapters 10–12; and metals) were widely and effectively distributed. In normal circumstances, the transport systems, institutional framework, market concentrations of demand, worked pretty well for a preindustrial society. But there is anecdotal evidence of famines which could not be alleviated in time, given the slow transport and communication speeds of a preindustrial world. Although much of the evidence for the scale and reach of Roman trade comes from pottery, since that is one of the most archaeologically durable and traceable commodities, a particularly important feature of this volume is that several papers show what can be done with other goods: timber (William Harris, chapter 7), glass (Daniele Foy, chapter 9), stone (Ben Russell, chapter 8), and even the service industry in cleaning textiles (Ivan Radman, chapter 13). A chapter by Emanuele Papi (ch. 14) examines a particular province, Mauretania Tingitana, and demonstrates how recent archaeological work and a synthesis of what is known about amphorae production sites radically alter the perception of that province as largely isolated from Mediterranean trading networks.\n\nThe third and final section deals with trade beyond the boundaries of the empire, especially with India and the far East, a topic on which a mass of new data has become available in the last decade, largely as a result of archaeological excavations. David Graf provides a magisterial survey of the evidence for the development, extent and nature of trade via the so-called ‘Silk Roads’ (chapter 15) The Silk Road trade at the Chinese end originated epiphenomenally on the practice of state tribute and diplomatic embassies, as tribute in kind and diplomatic gifts were resold by their enterprising recipients. As trade developed along the routes westward and gained its own momentum, its value was harnessed by the Chinese and Roman states in the form of heavy customs dues.\nRoberta Tomber and Dario Nappo argue, on the basis of ceramic and numismatic evidence respectively, that contrary to a widespread view trade between the Roman world and India had not declined by the mid second century, but remained buoyant at least until the Antonine period. Barbara Davidde’s paper illustrates the role that Arabian ports played in this trade with India and also with the products of Arabia. Qana’ was receiving Campanian, Laodicaean and Egyptian wine, and even wine from Spain and the Black Sea. Some of this was clearly traded in return for frankincense from the interior of Yemen; but some will have been bought for onward shipment to the ports of northern India, and Indian goods would have gone the other way.\n\nOverall, the papers suggest a mixed picture of the development of patterns of trade across the empire, especially in the third and fourth centuries, and no definitive or widely applicable conclusion about ‘economic collapse’. Rome’s external trade with realms to the east emerges as being of particular significance to the fisc. But in the eastern part of the empire at least, the state appears, in collaboration with the elite holders of wealth, to have adapted the mechanisms of taxation, both direct and indirect, to support its need for revenue. On the other hand, the price of that collaboration which was in effect a fiscal partnership, in slightly different forms in east and west, in the longer term fundamentally changed the political character of the empire.\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":55707931,"asset_id":35830530,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":326123,"first_name":"Andrew","last_name":"Wilson","domain_name":"oxford","page_name":"AndrewWilson","display_name":"Andrew Wilson","profile_url":"https://oxford.academia.edu/AndrewWilson?f_ri=32247","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/326123/91667/100141/s65_andrew.wilson.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true},{"id":130,"name":"Ancient History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_History?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true},{"id":137,"name":"Economic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_History?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true},{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true},{"id":393,"name":"Classical Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classical_Archaeology?f_ri=32247"},{"id":816,"name":"Classics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classics?f_ri=32247"},{"id":829,"name":"Roman History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_History?f_ri=32247"},{"id":8324,"name":"Ancient economies (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_economies_Archaeology_?f_ri=32247"},{"id":23640,"name":"Roman Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Economy?f_ri=32247"},{"id":32247,"name":"Roman Trade Networks","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Trade_Networks?f_ri=32247"},{"id":39166,"name":"Ancient economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_economy?f_ri=32247"},{"id":48230,"name":"Roman Provincial Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Provincial_Archaeology?f_ri=32247"},{"id":50059,"name":"Roman social and economic history","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_social_and_economic_history?f_ri=32247"},{"id":81833,"name":"Saharan trade","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Saharan_trade?f_ri=32247"},{"id":82257,"name":"Roman trade, commerce and the economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_trade_commerce_and_the_economy?f_ri=32247"},{"id":88760,"name":"Classics: Ancient History and Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classics_Ancient_History_and_Archaeology?f_ri=32247"},{"id":92448,"name":"Indo-Roman Trade","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indo-Roman_Trade?f_ri=32247"},{"id":94620,"name":"Roman trade","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_trade?f_ri=32247"},{"id":97343,"name":"Late Roman Trade","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Late_Roman_Trade?f_ri=32247"},{"id":104496,"name":"Ancient economic history","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_economic_history?f_ri=32247"},{"id":119015,"name":"Roman Economic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Economic_History?f_ri=32247"},{"id":143392,"name":"Ancient Roman economy, trade and commerce","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Roman_economy_trade_and_commerce?f_ri=32247"},{"id":154189,"name":"Roman Trade in the Indian Ocean","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Trade_in_the_Indian_Ocean?f_ri=32247"},{"id":480961,"name":"Trans-Saharan trade","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Trans-Saharan_trade?f_ri=32247"},{"id":634974,"name":"Roman Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Archaeology?f_ri=32247"},{"id":977183,"name":"Greek and Roman Socio economic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greek_and_Roman_Socio_economic_History?f_ri=32247"},{"id":990372,"name":"Roman and Byzantine Social and Economic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_and_Byzantine_Social_and_Economic_History?f_ri=32247"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1831072" data-work_id="1831072" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1831072/_El_Baetis_y_la_organizaci%C3%B3n_viaria_del_Sur_Peninsular_la_interconexion_de_las_redes_de_transporte_fluvial_y_terrestre_en_la_B%C3%A9tica_romana_Anas_21_22_2008_2009_pp_163_191">"El Baetis y la organización viaria del Sur Peninsular: la interconexion de las redes de transporte fluvial y terrestre en la Bética romana", Anas 21-22, 2008-2009, pp.163-191.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This paper discusses the interrelation established between the networks of terrestrial and fluvial transports in the Bética by means of the fulfilment of different works of infrastructure, like bridges, dikes and harbours. Thanks to these... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_1831072" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper discusses the interrelation established between the networks of terrestrial and fluvial transports in the Bética by means of the fulfilment of different works of infrastructure, like bridges, dikes and harbours. Thanks to these works Rome was able to establish a network of communications in the peninsular south around the course of river Guadalquivir. In such manner Baetis flumen and its navigable tributaries became the principal trading artery in the district, exporting ad importing numerous goods from the proper Bética or from other regions of the Empire. And at the same time the terrestrial network of roads allowed to connect the river to the manufacturing centres of raw materials, as well as the fluvial ports to the nucleus of population in the interior. This gave as result an easy intercourse of the principal provincial goods (minerals, oil, cereal, ceramics, saltings) and the entry of new products (ceramics, marbles, works of art).</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1831072" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ef9a904695458104fa45c8fddf2afc62" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":30379929,"asset_id":1831072,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/30379929/download_file?st=MTc0MDU5OTM3NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="361345" href="https://uco-es.academia.edu/EnriqueMelchorGil">Enrique Melchor Gil</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="361345" type="text/json">{"id":361345,"first_name":"Enrique","last_name":"Melchor Gil","domain_name":"uco-es","page_name":"EnriqueMelchorGil","display_name":"Enrique Melchor Gil","profile_url":"https://uco-es.academia.edu/EnriqueMelchorGil?f_ri=32247","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/361345/95617/111401044/s65_enrique.melchor_gil.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1831072 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1831072"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1831072, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_1831072", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1831072]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_1831072").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_1831072").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="1831072"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22701" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_roads">Roman roads</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="22701" type="text/json">{"id":22701,"name":"Roman roads","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_roads?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="23640" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Economy">Roman Economy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="23640" type="text/json">{"id":23640,"name":"Roman Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Economy?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="32247" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Trade_Networks">Roman Trade Networks</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="32247" type="text/json">{"id":32247,"name":"Roman Trade Networks","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Trade_Networks?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="78595" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Baetica">Roman Baetica</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="78595" type="text/json">{"id":78595,"name":"Roman Baetica","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Baetica?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=1831072]'), work: {"id":1831072,"title":"\"El Baetis y la organización viaria del Sur Peninsular: la interconexion de las redes de transporte fluvial y terrestre en la Bética romana\", Anas 21-22, 2008-2009, pp.163-191.","created_at":"2012-08-02T19:12:51.813-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/1831072/_El_Baetis_y_la_organizaci%C3%B3n_viaria_del_Sur_Peninsular_la_interconexion_de_las_redes_de_transporte_fluvial_y_terrestre_en_la_B%C3%A9tica_romana_Anas_21_22_2008_2009_pp_163_191?f_ri=32247","dom_id":"work_1831072","summary":"This paper discusses the interrelation established between the networks of terrestrial and fluvial transports in the Bética by means of the fulfilment of different works of infrastructure, like bridges, dikes and harbours. Thanks to these works Rome was able to establish a network of communications in the peninsular south around the course of river Guadalquivir. In such manner Baetis flumen and its navigable tributaries became the principal trading artery in the district, exporting ad importing numerous goods from the proper Bética or from other regions of the Empire. And at the same time the terrestrial network of roads allowed to connect the river to the manufacturing centres of raw materials, as well as the fluvial ports to the nucleus of population in the interior. This gave as result an easy intercourse of the principal provincial goods (minerals, oil, cereal, ceramics, saltings) and the entry of new products (ceramics, marbles, works of art).","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":30379929,"asset_id":1831072,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":361345,"first_name":"Enrique","last_name":"Melchor Gil","domain_name":"uco-es","page_name":"EnriqueMelchorGil","display_name":"Enrique Melchor Gil","profile_url":"https://uco-es.academia.edu/EnriqueMelchorGil?f_ri=32247","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/361345/95617/111401044/s65_enrique.melchor_gil.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":22701,"name":"Roman roads","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_roads?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true},{"id":23640,"name":"Roman Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Economy?f_ri=32247","nofollow":true},{"id":32247,"name":"Roman Trade 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