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href="#UAV_defense"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 UAV defense </div> </a> <ul id="toc-UAV_defense-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Attackers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Attackers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Attackers </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Attackers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aftermath" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aftermath"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Aftermath </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Aftermath-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Aftermath subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Aftermath-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Market_impacts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Market_impacts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Market impacts </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Market_impacts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Domestic_reactions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Domestic_reactions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Domestic reactions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Domestic_reactions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_reactions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_reactions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 International reactions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_reactions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Related_security_issues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Related_security_issues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4 Related security issues </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Related_security_issues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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Available in 22 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-22" aria-hidden="true" > 22 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abqaiq_en_Khurais-aanval" title="Abqaiq en Khurais-aanval – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Abqaiq en Khurais-aanval" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%A2%D8%AA_%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%83%D9%88_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="هجمات منشآت أرامكو السعودية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="هجمات منشآت أرامكو السعودية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9D%D0%9F%D0%97_%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BA_%D1%96_%D0%A5%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81_(2019)" title="Атакі на НПЗ Абкайк і Хурайс (2019) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Атакі на НПЗ Абкайк і Хурайс (2019)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Atok_na_Abkajk_a_Churajs" title="Útok na Abkajk a Churajs – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Útok na Abkajk a Churajs" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angriff_auf_Abqaiq_und_Churais" title="Angriff auf Abqaiq und Churais – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Angriff auf Abqaiq und Churais" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ataques_a_Abqaiq_y_Khurais_de_2019" title="Ataques a Abqaiq y Khurais de 2019 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ataques a Abqaiq y Khurais de 2019" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%84%D9%87_%D8%A8%D9%87_%D8%AA%D8%A3%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%86%D9%81%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D8%A2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%DA%A9%D9%88_(%DB%B2%DB%B0%DB%B1%DB%B9)" title="حمله به تأسیسات نفتی آرامکو (۲۰۱۹) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="حمله به تأسیسات نفتی آرامکو (۲۰۱۹)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attaque_d%27Abqa%C3%AFq_et_de_Khurais" title="Attaque d'Abqaïq et de Khurais – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Attaque d'Abqaïq et de Khurais" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019%EB%85%84_%EC%95%84%EB%B8%8C%EC%B9%B4%EC%9D%B4%ED%81%AC-%EC%BF%A0%EB%9D%BC%EC%9D%B4%EC%8A%A4_%EA%B3%B5%EA%B2%A9" title="2019년 아브카이크-쿠라이스 공격 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="2019년 아브카이크-쿠라이스 공격" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B1%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80_%D4%B1%D5%A2%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B5%D6%84%D5%AB_%D6%87_%D5%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%BD%D5%AB_%D5%BE%D6%80%D5%A1_(2019)" title="Հարձակումներ Աբկայքի և Հուրայսի վրա (2019) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հարձակումներ Աբկայքի և Հուրայսի վրա (2019)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serangan_kilang_minyak_Arab_Saudi_2019" title="Serangan kilang minyak Arab Saudi 2019 – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Serangan kilang minyak Arab Saudi 2019" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%AA_%D7%9E%D7%AA%D7%A7%D7%A0%D7%99_%D7%94%D7%A0%D7%A4%D7%98_%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%91_%D7%94%D7%A1%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%93%D7%99%D7%AA_(2019)" title="תקיפת מתקני הנפט בערב הסעודית (2019) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="תקיפת מתקני הנפט בערב הסעודית (2019)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%A8%D9%82%D9%8A%D9%82_%D9%88%D8%AE%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B5_2019" title="هجمات على بقيق وخريص 2019 – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="هجمات على بقيق وخريص 2019" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serangan_Abqaiq%E2%80%93Khurais_2019" title="Serangan Abqaiq–Khurais 2019 – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Serangan Abqaiq–Khurais 2019" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Droneaanvallen_op_Saoedische_olie-installaties" title="Droneaanvallen op Saoedische olie-installaties – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Droneaanvallen op Saoedische olie-installaties" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B5%E3%82%A6%E3%82%B8%E7%9F%B3%E6%B2%B9%E6%96%BD%E8%A8%AD%E6%94%BB%E6%92%83" title="サウジ石油施設攻撃 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="サウジ石油施設攻撃" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ataque_em_Abqaiq-Khurais_de_2019" title="Ataque em Abqaiq-Khurais de 2019 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ataque em Abqaiq-Khurais de 2019" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BA_%D0%B8_%D0%A5%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81_(2019)" title="Атаки на Абкайк и Хурайс (2019) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Атаки на Абкайк и Хурайс (2019)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_Abkayk_ve_Hureys_sald%C4%B1r%C4%B1s%C4%B1" title="2019 Abkayk ve Hureys saldırısı – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="2019 Abkayk ve Hureys saldırısı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%89%D0%B5_%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BA_(2019)" title="Атака на родовище Абкайк (2019) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Атака на родовище Абкайк (2019)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%E1%BA%A5n_c%C3%B4ng_Abqaiq%E2%80%93Khurais_2019" title="Tấn công Abqaiq–Khurais 2019 – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tấn công Abqaiq–Khurais 2019" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E8%93%8B%E6%A0%BC%E5%92%8C%E8%83%A1%E8%B3%B4%E6%96%AF%E8%A5%B2%E6%93%8A" 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Drone attack on Saudi oil processing facilities</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Abqaiq–Khurais attack</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of the <a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_proxy_conflict" title="Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict">Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict</a> and <a href="/wiki/Houthi%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabian_conflict" title="Houthi–Saudi Arabian conflict">Houthi–Saudi Arabian conflict</a> (spillover of the <a href="/wiki/Yemeni_Civil_War_(2014%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Yemeni Civil War (2014–present)">Yemeni Civil War</a>) and the <a href="/wiki/2019%E2%80%932021_Persian_Gulf_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="2019–2021 Persian Gulf crisis">2019–2021 Persian Gulf crisis</a><a href="#cite_note-bbc18092019-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><a href="/wiki/File:Khurais_oil_field_and_Buqyaq_Saudi_Arabia.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Khurais_oil_field_and_Buqyaq_Saudi_Arabia.png/300px-Khurais_oil_field_and_Buqyaq_Saudi_Arabia.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Khurais_oil_field_and_Buqyaq_Saudi_Arabia.png/450px-Khurais_oil_field_and_Buqyaq_Saudi_Arabia.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Khurais_oil_field_and_Buqyaq_Saudi_Arabia.png/600px-Khurais_oil_field_and_Buqyaq_Saudi_Arabia.png 2x" data-file-width="1023" data-file-height="575" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Map and satellite imagery of the Abqaiq (Biqayq in Arabic) and Khurais facilities</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Drone_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="Drone attack">Drone attack</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Location</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline;" class="location"><a href="/wiki/Abqaiq" title="Abqaiq">Abqaiq</a> and <a href="/wiki/Khurais" class="mw-redirect" title="Khurais">Khurais</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Abqaiq%E2%80%93Khurais_attack&params=25_55_43_N_49_41_09_E_type:event_region:SA&title=Abqaiq+oil+processing+facility">25°55′43″N 49°41′09″E / 25.92861°N 49.68583°E / 25.92861; 49.68583 (Abqaiq oil processing facility)</a> (Abqaiq)</li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Abqaiq%E2%80%93Khurais_attack&params=25_15_53_N_48_06_36_E_type:event_region:SA&title=Khurais+oil+processing+facility">25°15′53″N 48°06′36″E / 25.26472°N 48.11000°E / 25.26472; 48.11000 (Khurais oil processing facility)</a> (Khurais)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Target</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Aramco" title="Saudi Aramco">Saudi Aramco</a> facilities</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Date</th><td class="infobox-data">14 September 2019 <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 04:00 a.m. (<a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia_Standard_Time" title="Saudi Arabia Standard Time">SAST</a>, <a href="/wiki/UTC%2B3" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+3">UTC+3</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Executed by</th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Houthis_emblem.svg/15px-Houthis_emblem.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Houthis_emblem.svg/23px-Houthis_emblem.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Houthis_emblem.svg/30px-Houthis_emblem.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/Houthis" class="mw-redirect" title="Houthis">Houthis</a> (claimed responsibility, denied by United Nations investigators)<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/46px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /> <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> (per Saudi and United States officials and United Nations investigators; denied by Iran)<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Outcome</th><td class="infobox-data"> <ul><li>Oil processing facility damaged with cost of repairs at hundreds of millions of USD<a href="#cite_note-aramcorepairs-4">[4]</a></li> <li>Aramco oil exports disrupted by 5.7 million barrels a day<a href="#cite_note-wsj-5">[5]</a></li> <li>Saudi stock market plummets<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a></li> <li>Spike in global oil prices<a href="#cite_note-reuters-3-7">[7]</a></li> <li>Aramco to effect repairs and resume oil production by end of September<a href="#cite_note-reuters_recovery-8">[8]</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Casualties</th><td class="infobox-data">4 civilians died<a href="#cite_note-bbc18092019-1">[1]</a> injured</td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output 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id="Revolution(2011–12)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Yemeni_revolution" title="Yemeni revolution">Revolution (2011–12)</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Saada" title="Battle of Saada">Saada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sanaa_(2011)" title="Battle of Sanaa (2011)">Sana'a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Taiz" title="Battle of Taiz">Taiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Dammaj" title="Siege of Dammaj">Dammaj</a></li></ul> <hr /> <a href="/wiki/Ansar_al-Sharia_(Yemen)" title="Ansar al-Sharia (Yemen)">Ansar al-Shariah campaign (2011–14)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Zinjibar" title="Battle of Zinjibar">Zinjibar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dofas" title="Battle of Dofas">Dofas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Abyan_offensive" title="2012 Abyan offensive">Abyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Sanaa_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="2012 Sanaa bombing">2012 Sana'a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Radda" title="Battle of Radda">Radda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Sanaa_shootings" title="2013 Sanaa shootings">Nov 2013 Sanaa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Sanaa_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="2013 Sanaa attack">Dec 2013 Sana'a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_hostage_rescue_operations_in_Yemen" title="2014 hostage rescue operations in Yemen">Rescue operations</a></li></ul> <hr /> <a href="/wiki/Houthi_insurgency" title="Houthi insurgency">Houthi rebellion (2014)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Dammaj" title="Siege of Dammaj">2nd Dammaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Amran" title="Battle of Amran">Amran</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25em;margin-bottom:0.5em;"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div id="Civil_war(2014–present)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Yemeni_civil_war_(2014%E2%80%93present)" title="Yemeni civil war (2014–present)">Civil war (2014–present)</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sanaa_(2014)" title="Battle of Sanaa (2014)">2nd Battle of Sana'a</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Rada%27a&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Rada'a (page does not exist)">Rada'a</a> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A9_%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B9_(2014)" class="extiw" title="ar:معركة رداع (2014)">ar</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houthi_takeover_in_Yemen" title="Houthi takeover in Yemen">Houthi takeover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shabwah_Governorate_offensive" title="Shabwah Governorate offensive">1st Shabwah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi-led_intervention_in_the_Yemeni_civil_war" title="Saudi-led intervention in the Yemeni civil war">Saudi-led intervention</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Houthi%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabian_conflict" title="Houthi–Saudi Arabian conflict">Houthi–Saudi Arabian conflict</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Taiz" title="Siege of Taiz">Taiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marib_campaign" title="Marib campaign">Marib governorate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Marib" title="Battle of Marib">Marib city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dhale" title="Battle of Dhale">Dhale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aden_unrest_(2015%E2%80%932019)" title="Aden unrest (2015–2019)">Aden</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Aden_Airport" title="Battle of Aden Airport">airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Aden_(2015)" title="Battle of Aden (2015)">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Aden_(2018)" title="Battle of Aden (2018)">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Yemen_clashes" title="Southern Yemen clashes">2019</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abyan_conflict" title="Abyan conflict">Abyan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abyan_campaign" title="Abyan campaign">2015 campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Abyan_Offensive_(2016)" title="Southern Abyan Offensive (2016)">2016 southern offensive</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahij_insurgency" title="Lahij insurgency">Lahij</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shabwah_campaign" title="Shabwah campaign">2015 Shabwah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mukalla_(2015)" title="Battle of Mukalla (2015)">2015 Mukalla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Zinjibar_and_Jaar" title="Fall of Zinjibar and Jaar">Zinjibar and Jaar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nihm_Offensive" title="Nihm Offensive">Nihm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Port_Midi" title="Battle of Port Midi">Port Midi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadramaut_insurgency" title="Hadramaut insurgency">Hadramaut</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Al_Masini_valley" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Al Masini valley">Al Masini</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mukalla_(2016)" title="Battle of Mukalla (2016)">Battle of Mukalla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_2016_Mukalla_attacks" title="June 2016 Mukalla attacks">June 2016 Mukalla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sanaa_(2017)" title="Battle of Sanaa (2017)">2017 Battle of Sana'a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Hudaydah_offensive" title="Al Hudaydah offensive">Al Hudaydah</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Al_Hudaydah" title="Battle of Al Hudaydah">Al Hudaydah city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Al_Masini_valley" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Al Masini valley">Masini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates_takeover_of_Socotra" class="mw-redirect" title="United Arab Emirates takeover of Socotra">Takeover of Socotra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Victory_from_God" title="Operation Victory from God">Victory from God</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Jabara_Valley" title="Battle of the Jabara Valley">Jabara</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Jawf_offensive" title="Al-Jawf offensive">Al-Jawf offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Bayda_offensive" title="Al Bayda offensive">Al Bayda offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Southern_Yemen_offensive" title="2022 Southern Yemen offensive">2022 Southern Yemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Prosperity_Guardian" title="Operation Prosperity Guardian">Operation Prosperity Guardian</a></li></ul> Bombings and terrorist attacks in Yemen <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2014_Radda_bombings" title="2014 Radda bombings">Radda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Ibb_bombing" title="2014 Ibb bombing">Ibb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_2015_Sanaa_bombing" title="January 2015 Sanaa bombing">Jan 2015 Sana'a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_2015_Sanaa_mosque_bombings" title="March 2015 Sanaa mosque bombings">Mar 2015 Sana'a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_2015_Sanaa_mosque_bombing" title="September 2015 Sanaa mosque bombing">Sep 2015 Sana'a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_2015_Aden_missile_attack" title="October 2015 Aden missile attack">Oct 2015 Aden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Aden_car_bombing" title="2015 Aden car bombing">Dec 2015 Aden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missionaries_of_Charity_attack_in_Aden" title="Missionaries of Charity attack in Aden">4 Mar 2016 Aden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Aden_car_bombing" title="2016 Aden car bombing">25 Mar 2016 Aden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2016_Yemen_police_bombings" title="May 2016 Yemen police bombings">May 2016 Mukalla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/23_May_2016_Yemen_bombings" title="23 May 2016 Yemen bombings">May 2016 Aden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_2016_Aden_bombing" title="August 2016 Aden bombing">Aug 2016 Aden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2016_Aden_suicide_bombings" title="December 2016 Aden suicide bombings">Dec 2016 Aden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Thabet_Gawas" title="Assassination of Thabet Gawas">Mar 2022 Aden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_al-Bayda_bombing" title="2024 al-Bayda bombing">Mar 2024 al-Bayda</a></li></ul> Houthi missile and drone attacks in Yemen <ul><li><a href="/wiki/September_2015_Marib_Tochka_missile_attack" title="September 2015 Marib Tochka missile attack">2015 Marib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2015_Taiz_missile_attack" title="December 2015 Taiz missile attack">2015 Taiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Al_Anad_Air_Base_missile_attack" title="2016 Al Anad Air Base missile attack">2016 al-Anad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anad_base_drone_strike" class="mw-redirect" title="Anad base drone strike">2019 al-Anad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munir_Al_Yafi" title="Munir Al Yafi">Aug 2019 Aden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_2020_Marib_attack" title="January 2020 Marib attack">Jan 2020 Marib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_2020_Marib_attack" title="August 2020 Marib attack">Aug 2020 Marib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Aden_airport_attack" title="2020 Aden airport attack">Dec 2020 Aden airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marib_petrol_station_attack" title="Marib petrol station attack">2021 Marib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Anad_airbase_attack" title="2021 Anad airbase attack">2021 al-Anad</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2017_United_States%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_arms_deal" title="2017 United States–Saudi Arabia arms deal">US–Saudi arms deal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemeni_peace_process" title="Yemeni peace process">Peace process</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25em;margin-bottom:0.5em;"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div id="Saudi-led_intervention_(2015–present)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabian-led_intervention_in_Yemen" class="mw-redirect" title="Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen">Saudi-led intervention (2015–present)</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">Saudi Arabian airstrikes on Yemen <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Mokha" title="Bombing of Mokha">Mokha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanaa_funeral_airstrike" title="Sanaa funeral airstrike">Sana'a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hajjah_Governorate_airstrike" title="Hajjah Governorate airstrike">Hajjah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dahyan_air_strike" title="Dahyan air strike">Dahyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhamar_airstrike" title="Dhamar airstrike">Dhamar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saada_prison_airstrike" title="Saada prison airstrike">Saada</a></li></ul> <a href="/wiki/Houthi%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabian_conflict" title="Houthi–Saudi Arabian conflict">Houthi attacks on Saudi Arabia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2018_Riyadh_missile_strike" title="2018 Riyadh missile strike">2018 Riyadh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abha_International_Airport_attacks" class="mw-redirect" title="Abha International Airport attacks">Abha Airport</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Abqaiq–Khurais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Riyadh_drone_and_missile_attack" title="2020 Riyadh drone and missile attack">2020 Riyadh</a></li></ul> <a href="/wiki/Saudi-led_intervention_in_the_Yemeni_civil_war" title="Saudi-led intervention in the Yemeni civil war">Houthi attacks on the United Arab Emirates</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2022_Abu_Dhabi_attack" title="2022 Abu Dhabi attack">2022 Abu Dhabi</a></li></ul> <hr /> U.S. raids on <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda_in_the_Arabian_Peninsula" title="Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula">al-Qaeda</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Yakla" title="Raid on Yakla">Yakla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Al_Hathla" title="Raid on Al Hathla">Hathla</a></li></ul> <hr /></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25em;margin-bottom:0.5em;"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div id="Red_Sea_crisis(2023–present)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Red_Sea_crisis" title="Red Sea crisis">Red Sea crisis (2023–present)</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Red_Sea_crisis" title="Timeline of the Red Sea crisis">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_battle_of_the_Red_Sea_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="Order of battle of the Red Sea crisis">Order of battle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">Attacks <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Galaxy_Leader#Hijacking_in_2023" title="Galaxy Leader">Hijacking of the Galaxy Leader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attacks_on_the_MV_Maersk_Hangzhou" title="Attacks on the MV Maersk Hangzhou">Attacks on the MV Maersk Hangzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marlin_Luanda_missile_strike" title="Marlin Luanda missile strike">Marlin Luanda missile strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinking_of_the_MV_Rubymar" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinking of the MV Rubymar">Sinking of the MV Rubymar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MV_True_Confidence#Attack" title="MV True Confidence">Attack on the MV True Confidence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attacks_on_the_MV_Tutor" title="Attacks on the MV Tutor">Attacks on the MV Tutor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Houthi_drone_attack_on_Israel" title="2024 Houthi drone attack on Israel">2024 Houthi drone attack on Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attacks_on_the_Sounion" title="Attacks on the Sounion">Attacks on the Sounion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attacks_on_the_MV_Maersk_Hangzhou" title="Attacks on the MV Maersk Hangzhou">Attacks on the MV Maersk Hangzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Tel_Aviv_drone_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="2024 Tel Aviv drone attack">2024 Tel Aviv drone attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20_July_2024_Israeli_attack_on_Yemen" title="20 July 2024 Israeli attack on Yemen">20 July 2024 Israeli attack on Yemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/29_September_2024_Israeli_attacks_on_Yemen" title="29 September 2024 Israeli attacks on Yemen">29 September 2024 Israeli attacks on Yemen</a></li></ul> Military operations <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Prosperity_Guardian" title="Operation Prosperity Guardian">Operation Prosperity Guardian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Aspides" title="Operation Aspides">Operation Aspides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_missile_strikes_in_Yemen" title="2024 missile strikes in Yemen">Operation Poseidon Archer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/30_May_2024_Yemen_strikes" title="30 May 2024 Yemen strikes">30 May 2024 Yemen strikes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Israeli_strikes_on_Yemen" class="mw-redirect" title="2024 Israeli strikes on Yemen">Operation Outstretched Arm</a></li></ul> Diplomacy <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_2722" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 2722">United Nations Security Council Resolution 2722</a></li></ul> Effects <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_the_Red_Sea_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental impact of the Red Sea crisis">Environmental impact</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25em;margin-bottom:0.5em;"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div id="Humanitarian_crisis" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Humanitarian crisis</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Blockade_of_Yemen" title="Blockade of Yemen">Blockade</a></li> <li>Disease outbreaks <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2016%E2%80%932022_Yemen_cholera_outbreak" title="2016–2022 Yemen cholera outbreak">Cholera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Yemen" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Yemen">COVID-19</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Famine_in_Yemen_(2016%E2%80%93present)" title="Famine in Yemen (2016–present)">Famine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019%E2%80%932022_locust_infestation" title="2019–2022 locust infestation">Locust infestation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refugees_on_Jeju_Island" title="Refugees on Jeju Island">Refugees on Jeju Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_crimes_in_the_Yemeni_civil_war_(2014%E2%80%93present)" title="War crimes in the Yemeni civil war (2014–present)">War crimes and human rights violations</a></li> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> On 14 September 2019, <a href="/wiki/Unmanned_aerial_vehicle" title="Unmanned aerial vehicle">drones</a> were used to attack oil processing facilities at <a href="/wiki/Abqaiq" title="Abqaiq">Abqaiq</a> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: بقيق, <a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Arabic" title="Romanization of Arabic">romanized</a>: Buqaiq) and <a href="/wiki/Khurais" class="mw-redirect" title="Khurais">Khurais</a> (خريص) in eastern <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a>. The facilities were operated by <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Aramco" title="Saudi Aramco">Saudi Aramco</a>, the country's <a href="/wiki/National_oil_company" title="National oil company">state-owned oil company</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Houthi_movement" title="Houthi movement">Houthi movement</a> in <a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a> claimed responsibility, tying it to events surrounding the <a href="/wiki/Saudi_intervention_in_the_Yemeni_civil_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Saudi intervention in the Yemeni civil war">Saudi intervention</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Yemeni_Civil_War_(2015%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Yemeni Civil War (2015–present)">Yemeni Civil War</a> and stating they used ten drones in the attack launched from Yemen, south of the facilities. Saudi Arabian officials said that many more drones and <a href="/wiki/Cruise_missiles" class="mw-redirect" title="Cruise missiles">cruise missiles</a> were used for the attack and originated from the north and east, and that they were of Iranian manufacture. The United States and Saudi Arabia have stated that <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> was behind the attack while France, Germany, and the United Kingdom jointly stated Iran bears responsibility for it. Iran has denied any involvement. The situation exacerbated the 2019 Persian Gulf crisis. The attack caused large fires at the processing facility, which were put out several hours later, according to Saudi Arabia's <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Interior_(Saudi_Arabia)" title="Ministry of Interior (Saudi Arabia)">Ministry of Interior</a>. Both facilities were shut down for repairs, cutting <a href="/wiki/Oil_reserves_in_Saudi_Arabia#Production" title="Oil reserves in Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia's oil production</a> by about half – representing about five percent of global oil production – and causing some destabilization of global financial markets. The <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Energy_(Saudi_Arabia)" title="Ministry of Energy (Saudi Arabia)">Ministry of Energy</a> said that the country would tap into its oil reserves to maintain export levels until the facilities return to full capacity by the end of September. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Abqaiq%E2%80%93Khurais_attack&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background">edit</a>]</div> Saudi Arabia is the world's <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_oil_exports" title="List of countries by oil exports">largest oil exporter</a>,<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> having produced about 12 million <a href="/wiki/Barrel_(unit)#Oil_barrel" title="Barrel (unit)">barrels</a> of petroleum products per day in 2017.<a href="#cite_note-eia-10">[10]</a> Its proven <a href="/wiki/Oil_reserves_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Oil reserves in Saudi Arabia">oil reserves</a> are the <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_proven_oil_reserves" title="List of countries by proven oil reserves">second-largest</a> of any country, after <a href="/wiki/Oil_reserves_in_Venezuela" title="Oil reserves in Venezuela">Venezuela</a>, and represent about 16% of the world's total.<a href="#cite_note-eia-10">[10]</a> <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Aramco" title="Saudi Aramco">Saudi Aramco</a>, a <a href="/wiki/National_oil_company" title="National oil company">national oil company</a> owned by the <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabian_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Saudi Arabian government">Saudi Arabian government</a>, operates several oil drilling, transport, and production facilities across Saudi Arabia. It is the second-largest oil producer in the world, behind Russia's <a href="/wiki/Rosneft" title="Rosneft">Rosneft</a>.<a href="#cite_note-eia-10">[10]</a> Aramco says the Abqaiq facility is "the largest crude oil stabilization plant in the world"; it converts <a href="/wiki/Sour_crude" class="mw-redirect" title="Sour crude">sour crude</a> into <a href="/wiki/Sweet_crude_oil" title="Sweet crude oil">sweet crude oil</a> by removing <a href="/wiki/Sulfur" title="Sulfur">sulfur</a> impurities before it is transported to downstream refineries, processing more than 7 million barrels of oil per day, about 7% of global oil production.<a href="#cite_note-aljazeera-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-bbc-12">[12]</a> <a href="/wiki/Bob_McNally" title="Bob McNally">Bob McNally</a>, a former member of the United States' <a href="/wiki/National_Economic_Council_(United_States)" title="National Economic Council (United States)">National Economic Council</a> and <a href="/wiki/United_States_National_Security_Council" title="United States National Security Council">National Security Council</a>, told <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a> that "a successful attack on Abqaiq would be akin to a massive heart attack for the oil market and global economy".<a href="#cite_note-guardian-13">[13]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Abqaiq_oil_field" title="Abqaiq oil field">Abqaiq facility</a> had been the site of a failed suicide bombing by <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda" title="Al-Qaeda">Al-Qaeda</a> in 2006.<a href="#cite_note-aljazeera-11">[11]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Khurais_oil_field" title="Khurais oil field">Khurais oil field</a>, also operated by Aramco, produces about 1.5 million barrels of crude a day, and is estimated to hold up to 20 billion barrels of oil.<a href="#cite_note-wsj-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-aljazeera-11">[11]</a> The Abqaiq oil facility was protected by three <a href="/wiki/Oerlikon_GDF#Skyguard" title="Oerlikon GDF">Skyguard</a> short-range air defense <a href="/wiki/Artillery_battery" title="Artillery battery">batteries</a>.<a href="#cite_note-cnbc-14">[14]</a> Neither the Skyguards nor the other Saudi air-defense weapons — <a href="/wiki/MIM-104_Patriot" title="MIM-104 Patriot">MIM-104 Patriot</a> and <a href="/wiki/Crotale_(missile)#Variants" title="Crotale (missile)">Shahine</a> (Crotale) — are known to have brought down any of the attacking weapons. A <a href="/wiki/CNBC" title="CNBC">CNBC</a> report offered multiple potential explanations, including that Patriot is optimized for interceping "high-altitude ballistic missiles" and that the Saudi troops operating the defenses "have 'low readiness, low competence, and are largely inattentive.'"<a href="#cite_note-cnbc-14">[14]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a> newspaper wrote that the defenses "would likely have been pointed across the Gulf towards Iran and south towards Yemen, but at least some of the missiles and drones are believed to have struck from the west."<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> On 26 September 2019 Defense News published remarks by the Israeli air and missile defense expert <a href="/wiki/Uzi_Rubin" title="Uzi Rubin">Uzi Rubin</a>, in which he characterized the Abqaiq–Khurais attack as "a kind of 'Pearl Harbor,'" saying "it will spark a lot of solutions" to the tactic of using unmanned aerial vehicle swarms plus low-altitude, high-speed cruise missiles.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Attacks">Attacks</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Abqaiq%E2%80%93Khurais_attack&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Attacks">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="clear: right; float:right;margin:0 0 1.5em 1.5em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:115%">External videos</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><img alt="video icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.mehrnews.com/news/149994/VIDEO-Fire-at-Saudi-Arabia-s-oil-facilities-after-drone-attack">Fire at Saudi Arabia's oil facilities after drone attack</a>, via <a href="/wiki/Mehr_News_Agency" title="Mehr News Agency">Mehr News Agency</a></td></tr></tbody></table> At around 4:00 a.m. <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia_Standard_Time" title="Saudi Arabia Standard Time">Saudi Arabia Standard Time</a> (<a href="/wiki/UTC%2B3" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+3">UTC+3</a>), Saudi Aramco reported fires at its <a href="/wiki/Abqaiq" title="Abqaiq">Abqaiq</a> facility as well as its <a href="/wiki/Khurais" class="mw-redirect" title="Khurais">Khurais</a> facility. These facilities are several hundred kilometres distant from each other.<a href="#cite_note-bbc-12">[12]</a> At the time, about 200 people were in the Khurais facility, according to Aramco officials.<a href="#cite_note-cnbc_20190920-17">[17]</a> The fires were contained a few hours later, according to officials. Though no fatalities were reported in the incidents, it was left unclear whether anyone was injured in the attacks.<a href="#cite_note-ap-18">[18]</a> Saudi Arabia's interior ministry said a few hours later that the fires were "a result of ... drones".<a href="#cite_note-bbc-12">[12]</a> Several <a href="/wiki/Unmanned_aerial_vehicle" title="Unmanned aerial vehicle">unmanned aerial vehicles</a> (UAVs or drones) were reported to be involved. A spokesman for the Saudi-led coalition fighting Iranian-backed rebels in Yemen, stated that 25 drones and missiles were used.<a href="#cite_note-Safi-19">[19]</a> Guards at the facilities reportedly tried to bring down the drones with machine gun fire, as captured on surveillance recordings of the facilities.<a href="#cite_note-ap-18">[18]</a> According to Aramco, the drone strikes were in at least two waves; as they were evacuating the Khurais facility and dealing with fires from the first attack, another round of drones struck the facility.<a href="#cite_note-cnbc_20190920-17">[17]</a> Analysis of satellite images of the Abqaiq facility before and after the attacks appear to show 19 individual strikes: 14 that punctured storage tanks, three that disabled oil processing trains, and two more that damaged no equipment.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> A US interim report found that the attacks originated from the north.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> According to the <a href="/wiki/National_Council_of_Resistance_of_Iran" title="National Council of Resistance of Iran">NCRI</a>, the attack came from the Omidiyeh military base in <a href="/wiki/Ahvaz" title="Ahvaz">Ahvaz</a>.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="UAV_defense">UAV defense</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Abqaiq%E2%80%93Khurais_attack&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: UAV defense">edit</a>]</div> Saudi Arabia's <a href="/wiki/Missile_defense" title="Missile defense">missile defense</a> system failed to stop the swarm of drones and cruise missiles that struck the oil infrastructure.<a href="#cite_note-Safi-19">[19]</a> It is reported that Saudi Arabia has at least one <a href="/wiki/MIM-104_Patriot" title="MIM-104 Patriot">MIM-104 Patriot</a> missile defense system in place at Abqaiq.<a href="#cite_note-Safi-19">[19]</a> The missile defense system used was designed to mitigate threats from "high flying targets".<a href="#cite_note-Safi-19">[19]</a> <a href="/wiki/Unmanned_aerial_vehicle" title="Unmanned aerial vehicle">Unmanned aerial vehicles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cruise_missile" title="Cruise missile">cruise missiles</a> fly at an altitude too low to be detected by conventional radar systems.<a href="#cite_note-Safi-19">[19]</a> A swarm of drones and cruise missiles coming from multiple directions can confuse and jam radar, as well as overwhelm air defenses.<a href="#cite_note-Tim_Lister-25">[25]</a> In addition to the Patriot system, at least four shorter-range defense systems were present, yet also failed to detect and mitigate the drone attack.<a href="#cite_note-Safi-19">[19]</a> Drones are too difficult to detect by traditional methods; drones are also cheap and extremely accessible.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> The drones used may have cost around $15,000 or less to build.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> According to Justin Bronk, research fellow at the Royal United Services Institute in London, "the cost curve is very favorable to the attacker, meaning Saudi Arabia would have to spend far more than its enemies to protect against additional strike capabilities. As such, there is almost no way the Kingdom can completely defend against such attacks."<a href="#cite_note-Tim_Lister-25">[25]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Attackers">Attackers</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Abqaiq%E2%80%93Khurais_attack&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Attackers">edit</a>]</div> In an initial report on 14 September 2019, the Saudi Arabian interior ministry did not identify the source of the attack, but stated they had begun an investigation.<a href="#cite_note-ap-18">[18]</a> A statement from the French Foreign Minister in the early stages after the attack came on 17 September 2019, when he said ""The Houthis ... announced that they launched this attack. That lacks credibility," but he went on to reference an ongoing international investigation, saying "let's wait for its results."<a href="#cite_note-reuters_20190919-28">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> Hours after the attack, the Houthis said in a statement that they sent ten newly developed drones equipped with propeller and turbojet engines<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> to disable the oil production facilities, and vowed to send more against a wider range of Saudi targets. They said they attacked in retaliation for the <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabian-led_intervention_in_Yemen" class="mw-redirect" title="Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen">Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen</a>, which began in 2015, has killed thousands of Yemeni civilians, and has created a <a href="/wiki/Famine_in_Yemen_(2016%E2%80%93present)" title="Famine in Yemen (2016–present)">famine</a> and a humanitarian crisis described in 2019 as the worst in the world.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-:0-32">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-guardian-13">[13]</a> A military spokesman for the Houthis said, "These attacks are our right, and we promise the Saudi regime that the next operation will be wider and more painful if blockade and aggression continues".<a href="#cite_note-aljazeera-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> In the weeks before the Abqaiq–Khurais attack, similar drone strikes on Saudi Arabian oil production infrastructure had caused no significant damage.<a href="#cite_note-ap-18">[18]</a> The frequency of Houthi attacks increased throughout 2019,<a href="#cite_note-aljazeera-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> with the targets including a Saudi airport.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> The military spokesman said that the Sept. 14 attacks came after a "careful intelligence operation, prior monitoring and cooperation from honorable and freedom-seeking people within the kingdom".<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> The use of operatives inside Saudi Arabia would appear to address some of the technical objections about how the Houthis could have struck targets at such a distance.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> On 16 September, the Houthis warned of more attacks on Saudi Arabia's oil infrastructure, and warned foreigners to leave Saudi oil plants.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> They had displayed some of their long-range UAVs to the media in July 2019. The range of the drones reportedly can reach distant areas in Saudi Arabia and the <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a>. The Houthis had often used <a href="/wiki/Samad_(UAV)" title="Samad (UAV)">Samad 1</a> to attack Saudi Arabia. Later, the Houthis used the <a href="/wiki/Quds_1" class="mw-redirect" title="Quds 1">Quds 1</a>,<a href="#cite_note-urlMeet_the_Quds_1-41">[41]</a> which is a small ground launched <a href="/wiki/Cruise_missile" title="Cruise missile">cruise missile</a> that was possibly used in the 12 June 2019 <a href="/wiki/Abha_International_Airport_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="Abha International Airport attack">Abha International Airport attack</a>, which occurred in southwestern Saudi Arabia.<a href="#cite_note-janes-20190708-42">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto-44">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> A Houthi leader, Mohammed al-Bukhaiti, said that they have "exploited vulnerabilities in the Saudi defense system" and they "built their drones in order to avoid these systems, therefore, the Saudi and the Emirati airspace became open to us after their defense system failed to even spot our drones".<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> Houthi rebels have previously advocated targeting Aramco. The Rapidan Energy Group and the Center for Strategic and International Studies had both warned that the site of the attack was a vulnerable target.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> At a press conference on 18 September, Houthi military spokesman Yahya Sarea said that they had launched a serious attack and Americans were using fabricated satellite images in an attempt to portray the resulting damage as having been minimal. He presented aerial photos of the Abqaiq and Khurais facilities, from before the attack, and said that they had been taken by Yemeni drones. He said that the Houthis had launched the attack from three locations. Third-generation Qasif drones were launched from one position, <a href="/wiki/Samad_(UAV)" title="Samad (UAV)">Samad-3</a> drones from a second position, and from a third position they had launched newly developed drones which use <a href="/wiki/Cluster_munition" title="Cluster munition">cluster heads</a>, capable of dropping four accurate, independently targeted bombs. He said that they would soon display these newly developed drones. He stated that they were now capable of manufacturing drones rapidly.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> Yahya Sarea threatened the United Arab Emirates which is part of the Saudi-led coalition, saying that they have a list of targets inside the UAE among them <a href="/wiki/Dubai" title="Dubai">Dubai</a> and <a href="/wiki/Abu_Dhabi" title="Abu Dhabi">Abu Dhabi</a>. He said if the UAE "wants peace to its buildings which are made of glass and can't handle an attack by the Yemeni drones then leave Yemen alone".<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> In response, UAE officials told <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Telegraph</a> newspaper that an attack by Houthis on tourism and global business hubs, would be an attack on the world.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> <a href="/wiki/Jean-Yves_Le_Drian" title="Jean-Yves Le Drian">Jean-Yves Le Drian</a>, France's <a href="/wiki/Ministry_for_Europe_and_Foreign_Affairs_(France)" title="Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs (France)">Minister of Foreign Affairs</a>, stated on 19 September that preliminary findings from the investigation appear to rule out the Houthis' involvement and their claim "lacks credibility", but there would be no definitive conclusion until the international investigation is complete.<a href="#cite_note-reuters_20190919-28">[28]</a> Officials for the United States had rejected the Houthis' claims, and instead said that Iran was responsible for the attacks. In the months prior, tensions between Iran and the United States created a crisis in the Persian Gulf, coupled with Iran's violations of the <a href="/wiki/Joint_Comprehensive_Plan_of_Action" title="Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action">Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action</a> related to their <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_program_of_Iran" title="Nuclear program of Iran">nuclear program</a> in July 2019. On the day of the attacks, an unnamed senior U.S. official said that Iran, not the Houthis, were behind the attack, which involved some dozen cruise missiles and more than 20 drones.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> The U.S. said that it was working with Saudi Arabia to help investigate the attack and assure the facilities and energy supplies are secure and stable; <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">US Secretary of State</a> <a href="/wiki/Mike_Pompeo" title="Mike Pompeo">Mike Pompeo</a> said that Iran was behind the attacks.<a href="#cite_note-wsj-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> <a href="/wiki/US_President" class="mw-redirect" title="US President">US President</a> <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> initially stopped short of definitively blaming Iran for the attack, saying in an 18 September 2019 Newsweek article that "it was 'looking like' Iran was behind the attack."<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> <a href="/wiki/Royal_Saudi_Air_Force" title="Royal Saudi Air Force">Royal Saudi Air Force</a> Colonel <a href="/wiki/Turki_Al-Maliki" title="Turki Al-Maliki">Turki al-Malki</a>, a spokesperson for the Saudi-led coalition, issued a statement on 16 September saying that the drones appear to have been based on Iranian drones and that they were unlikely to have been launched from Yemen, counter to the claims of the Houthis. However, al-Malki said the coalition was still trying to determine the origin of the drones.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> At a press conference on 18 September, al-Malki showed debris of the drones, stating there were 18 drones and 7 missiles used in the attack (25 weapons in total), with the drones being <a href="/wiki/Delta_wing" title="Delta wing">delta wing</a>-style craft of Iranian manufacture. Al-Malki showed surveillance footage that had, according to him, caught the drones traveling southward towards the facilities before the strike. He stated that this ruled out Yemen as a point of origin due to the range they would have had to have travelled. He concluded that this evidence "point[s] to Iran", and that the attack was "unquestionably sponsored by Iran".<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-npr_20190918-62">[62]</a> Iranian Defense Minister Brig. Gen. <a href="/wiki/Amir_Hatami" title="Amir Hatami">Amir Hatami</a> stated in response to this new evidence, "These accusations are wholly, seriously and firmly rejected. It's easy to accuse someone without providing any proof."<a href="#cite_note-npr_20190918-62">[62]</a> On 17 September 2019, an unnamed senior U.S. official told <a href="/wiki/CBS_News" title="CBS News">CBS News</a> that the U.S. had identified the location in Southern Iran from which they believe the drones and cruise missiles were launched,<a href="#cite_note-bbc-12">[12]</a> while two U.S. Department of Defense officials told <a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a> that they had detected Iran preparing drone flights at multiple launch sites in Iran before the attack.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> Saudi Arabia has not reached the same conclusion that Iran was the staging ground for the attacks,<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> becoming increasingly confident<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> but not totally convinced,<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> with the United States due to share more intelligence with Saudi Arabia. The United States stated it would provide evidence at the <a href="/wiki/Seventy-fourth_session_of_the_United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="Seventy-fourth session of the United Nations General Assembly">2019 United Nations General Assembly</a> that the attack involved cruise missiles from Iran.<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> For example, the United States has stated it has "circumstantial evidence" that Iran launched the strike from its own soil in the form of satellite imagery which shows Iran readying drones and missiles at launch sites in Iran before Saudi oil facilities were attacked.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> Late on 18 September, a U.S. official speaking to CBS News said that <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Leader_of_Iran" title="Supreme Leader of Iran">Supreme Leader of Iran</a> <a href="/wiki/Ayatollah_Khamenei" class="mw-redirect" title="Ayatollah Khamenei">Ayatollah Khamenei</a> had signed off on the attacks but only on the assurance that the method of the attack would allow Iran to deny involvement. Coupled with the Saudi evidence, the U.S. official stated that some of the attacks were launched from the Iranian <a href="/wiki/Ahvaz" title="Ahvaz">Ahvaz</a> Air Force Base, about 400 miles (640 km) from the targets, and flew through Kuwaiti air space.<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> France, Germany and the United Kingdom, who had been trying to calm relations between the United States and Iran, made statements reported on 17 and 18 September 2019 to the effect that they would conduct an investigation prior to announcing conclusions.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-cnn_20190917-71">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> On 23 September, while meeting at the <a href="/wiki/2019_UN_Climate_Action_Summit" title="2019 UN Climate Action Summit">2019 UN Climate Action Summit</a>, French President <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron">Emmanuel Macron</a>, British Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Boris_Johnson" title="Boris Johnson">Boris Johnson</a> and German Chancellor <a href="/wiki/Angela_Merkel" title="Angela Merkel">Angela Merkel</a> issued a joint statement "It is clear to us that Iran bears responsibility for this attack. There is no other plausible explanation." The three leaders committed to continuing their investigation on the attack and urged Iran to alter their course to avoid elevating further hostilities in the areas.<a href="#cite_note-:1-73">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a><a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> Iran has denied these statements and said that they were "blind, incomprehensible and meaningless"<a href="#cite_note-:0-32">[32]</a> and warned the U.S. that it was "ready for fully-fledged war" with them should there be retaliation against Iran.<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> Instead, Iran stated that the Houthis (whom they reportedly support in the <a href="/wiki/Yemeni_Civil_War_(2015%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Yemeni Civil War (2015–present)">Yemeni Civil War</a>) were responsible for the attack. Iranian President <a href="/wiki/Hassan_Rouhani" title="Hassan Rouhani">Hassan Rouhani</a> has stated that "Yemeni people are exercising their legitimate right of defence... the attacks were a reciprocal response to aggression against Yemen for years."<a href="#cite_note-al-jazeera-77">[77]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_and_Armed_Forces_Logistics_(Iran)" title="Ministry of Defence and Armed Forces Logistics (Iran)">Iranian Ministry of Defence</a> has also rejected the statements about Iranian involvement and said, "the issue is very clear: there has been a conflict between two countries (Yemen and Saudi Arabia)".<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> In December 2019, the UN said that its investigation was not able to confirm the Saudi official claim that the weapons used in the attack are of Iranian origin.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> According to a confidential report by U.N. sanctions monitors seen by <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a> said that "despite their claims to the contrary, the Houthi forces did not launch the attacks on Abqaiq and Khurais on 14 September 2019."<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> According to a report by the <a href="/wiki/Middle_East_Eye" title="Middle East Eye">Middle East Eye</a>, an anonymous <a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Intelligence_Service" title="Iraqi Intelligence Service">Iraqi intelligence</a> official said the attacks were launched from Southern Iraqi <a href="/wiki/Popular_Mobilization_Forces" title="Popular Mobilization Forces">Popular Mobilization Forces</a> bases in retaliation to <a href="/wiki/2019_Israeli_airstrikes_in_Iraq" title="2019 Israeli airstrikes in Iraq">Israeli drone strikes</a> on the Iraqi forces in August that were reportedly funded by Saudi Arabia.<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> A <a href="/wiki/CBS" title="CBS">CBS</a> correspondent stated that the damage at the Abqaiq facilities reportedly was on the western-northwestern portions, which would have been difficult for the Houthis, located to the southwest, to have hit with drones.<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> The <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> reported that satellite images showed damage on the western side of Abqaiq.<a href="#cite_note-bbc_160919a-83">[83]</a> The office of the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Iraq" title="Prime Minister of Iraq">Prime Minister of Iraq</a> denied that its territory was used to carry out the attacks and vowed to act "decisively" against anyone using Iraqi territory to attack other countries.<a href="#cite_note-gulfnews-84">[84]</a> The U.S. has also stated that Iraqi territory was not used.<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Abqaiq%E2%80%93Khurais_attack&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Aftermath">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Market_impacts">Market impacts</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Abqaiq%E2%80%93Khurais_attack&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Market impacts">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Brent_crude_oil_futures_prices,_August_2019_through_January_2020_(49467835818).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Brent_crude_oil_futures_prices%2C_August_2019_through_January_2020_%2849467835818%29.png/310px-Brent_crude_oil_futures_prices%2C_August_2019_through_January_2020_%2849467835818%29.png" decoding="async" width="310" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Brent_crude_oil_futures_prices%2C_August_2019_through_January_2020_%2849467835818%29.png/465px-Brent_crude_oil_futures_prices%2C_August_2019_through_January_2020_%2849467835818%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Brent_crude_oil_futures_prices%2C_August_2019_through_January_2020_%2849467835818%29.png/620px-Brent_crude_oil_futures_prices%2C_August_2019_through_January_2020_%2849467835818%29.png 2x" data-file-width="751" data-file-height="374" /></a><figcaption>Impact of the attack on Brent Crude prices (top right, blue)</figcaption></figure> Saudi Arabian officials stated that the attacks forced the shutdown of the facilities, cutting the country's oil production from 9.8 to about 4.1 million barrels of oil a day, losing 5.7 million barrels of oil a day or about 5% of global production. Initially, spokespeople stated that the plants were expected to return to their nominal capacity by 16 September 2019, and would use reserve oil to make up for the shortfall.<a href="#cite_note-wsj-5">[5]</a> However, other officials for the Saudi government estimated the time to restore full production would be "weeks, not days".<a href="#cite_note-reuters_20190915-86">[86]</a> The day after the attack, the Saudi stock market fell 2.3% in Sunday trading on 15 September.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> Commodities and stock markets as well as other financial indicators jumped on worldwide market openings on Monday, 16 September. <a href="/wiki/Brent_Crude" title="Brent Crude">Brent Crude</a> oil <a href="/wiki/Futures_contract" title="Futures contract">futures</a> prices surged almost 20 percent,<a href="#cite_note-reuters_20190915-86">[86]</a> the largest surge in the commodity's price since the 1990 <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Kuwait" class="mw-redirect" title="Invasion of Kuwait">Invasion of Kuwait</a>.<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> Other markets also saw impacts from concerns on the oil supply, including U.S. gasoline and heating oil,<a href="#cite_note-reuters_20190915-86">[86]</a> and the gold market.<a href="#cite_note-reuters_20190915_2-89">[89]</a> Impact to the U.S., which had doubled its oil production in the last decade and was now the world's largest producer, was expected to be immaterial.<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> By Tuesday, 17 September, Saudi Arabian officials from the energy ministry stated that the repairs to the Abqaiq facility will be much faster than originally anticipated.<a href="#cite_note-reuters_recovery-8">[8]</a> The Abqaiq facility was operating at 2 million barrels per day within 48 hours of the attack.<a href="#cite_note-cnbc_20190920-17">[17]</a> The energy ministry said full production could be restored within two to three weeks, by the end of September.<a href="#cite_note-reuters_recovery-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> Further, the nation planned no reduction of current oil exports, and will use reserve storage to maintain the current levels.<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> These announcements were seen to help calm markets, as oil market prices and other financial indicators dropped during trading on 17 September from the spike the previous day, though still remained at elevated levels which are expected to have impacts on prices across the globe.<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> To expedite repairs, Aramco shipped in equipment from the United States and Europe.<a href="#cite_note-cnbc_20190920-17">[17]</a> The state-owned Saudi Aramco had been in the initial stages of planning its <a href="/wiki/Initial_public_offering" title="Initial public offering">initial public offering</a> (IPO) of about 5% of the company ownership of the estimated US$1.5–2 trillion valuation of the company over the next few years. This IPO was originally to have started in 2018 but there were concerns about its finances and corporate structure. The September 2019 attacks further delayed this IPO until new concerns related to security against terrorism attacks and the ability to restore production after such an incident were proven, as well as the impact on the price of oil.<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> The IPO was launched in December 2019, with 1.5% of the company put to public trading on the <a href="/wiki/Tadawul" class="mw-redirect" title="Tadawul">Tadawul</a> exchange; it became the largest IPO ever at US$25.6 billion raised, and valuing the company at US$1.7 trillion, making it the largest listed company at launch.<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> On 27 September, Bloomberg News reported that while production capacity and exports implied that the industry was almost back to normal, that view may be overly simplistic, with output 1.8 million barrels a day below the pre-attack level and capacity reported to be only 700,000 barrels below the Kingdom's maximum. Until further repairs and adjustments, customers may be asked to accept heavier oil than the grades originally purchased.<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Domestic_reactions">Domestic reactions</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Abqaiq%E2%80%93Khurais_attack&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Domestic reactions">edit</a>]</div> The Saudi King, <a href="/wiki/Salman_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Salman of Saudi Arabia">Salman bin Abdulaziz</a>, issued a statement on 17 September, calling the attack a "vandalism and coward attack" that threatens international security and global energy supplies and said the kingdom is able to respond to these attacks. The king also said the attack comes after a series of attacks against the kingdom.<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a><a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="International_reactions">International reactions</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Abqaiq%E2%80%93Khurais_attack&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: International reactions">edit</a>]</div> The attacks raised concern over <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Middle_East" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of the Middle East">political stability in the Middle East</a>, coupled with the US' stance that the attacks may have originated from Iran.<a href="#cite_note-bbc18092019-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> The United States is a close ally of Saudi Arabia, while its relationship with Iran <a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93United_States_relations#2019–2020_escalation_in_tensions" title="Iran–United States relations">has been strained</a> in 2019 as part of the overall Persian Gulf crisis. U.S. President <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> authorised the release of the <a href="/wiki/Strategic_Petroleum_Reserve_(United_States)" title="Strategic Petroleum Reserve (United States)">US Strategic Petroleum Reserve</a> to help stabilize energy prices in the US.<a href="#cite_note-reuters_20190915-86">[86]</a><a href="#cite_note-hill-100">[100]</a> Trump further stated that the U.S. is no longer dependent on oil from the Middle East.<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> Trump condemned the attack and stated on Twitter on 15 September that the U.S. military is "<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/lock_and_load" class="extiw" title="wikt:lock and load">locked and loaded</a>" but is waiting to hear from the Saudis as to who they believe was the cause of this attack, "and under what terms we would proceed".<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> In the days that followed, Trump stated that he did not promise to protect the Saudis, but will have to sit with them and "work something out".<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> On 20 September, Trump issued a new round of economic sanctions against Iran, targeting the <a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_Iran" title="Central Bank of Iran">Central Bank of Iran</a> and the <a href="/wiki/National_Development_Fund_of_Iran" title="National Development Fund of Iran">National Development Fund of Iran</a>, preventing them from purchasing American dollars; these sanctions had been established earlier but had been previously lifted after Iran had agreed to the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action. The sanctions are aimed to prevent Iran from having the funds to support future strikes.<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> On 15 September 2019, Reuters reported on remarks by international organizations by stating "U.N. Secretary-General Antonio Guterres condemned Saturday's attacks and called on all parties to exercise restraint and prevent any escalation. The European Union warned the strikes posed a real threat to regional security, and several nations urged restraint."<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> Russian president <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a>'s spokesman <a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Peskov" title="Dmitry Peskov">Dmitry Peskov</a>, asked about the U.S. statements that Iran was behind drone strikes, said: "We have a negative attitude towards rising tensions in the region and call for all countries in the region and outside of it to avoid any hasty steps or conclusions which may deepen destabilisation."<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> Chinese foreign ministry spokesperson <a href="/wiki/Hua_Chunying" title="Hua Chunying">Hua Chunying</a>, said in remarks quoted 16 September 2019 that while there is no "conclusive investigation", it is irresponsible to blame anyone for the attack, and added "we call on relevant parties avoid taking actions that bring about an escalation in regional tensions".<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> Other nations called for waiting for results from investigations before stating who was behind the attack. Turkish President <a href="/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Recep Tayyip Erdoğan</a> said on 17 September 2019: "We have to look at how the conflict in Yemen started. This country was completely destroyed – who caused it?"<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> That same day, Japan's defence minister said his country has not seen any intelligence showing Iranian involvement in the attacks. "We are not aware of any information that points to Iran," Defence Minister <a href="/wiki/Tar%C5%8D_K%C5%8Dno" class="mw-redirect" title="Tarō Kōno">Tarō Kōno</a> told reporters at a briefing. "We believe the Houthis carried out the attack based on the statement claiming responsibility." Also on 17 September 2019, White House deputy press secretary <a href="/wiki/Hogan_Gidley" title="Hogan Gidley">Hogan Gidley</a> said the Trump administration "can't say definitively" that Iran was behind the attack.<a href="#cite_note-cnn_20190917-71">[71]</a> As of 18 September 2019, the United Arab Emirates had not yet attributed responsibility.<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> Several international bodies and nations condemned the attack. The UN Secretary General condemned the attacks on Saudi Arabia, claimed by the Houthis, and UN Special Envoy to Yemen Martin Griffiths said the attack "carries the risk of dragging Yemen into a regional conflagration" and that "there is 'no time to waste' in ending four years of fighting between Houthi rebels and the internationally-recognized Government, supported by a Saudi-led coalition, which has pushed the country to the brink of famine."<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a><a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> <a href="/wiki/Arab_League" title="Arab League">Arab League</a> in a statement by the General Secretariat on 14 September, strongly condemned the drone attacks and termed the attacks as "serious escalations" and called for preserving security of the country.<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a><a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> Secretary General <a href="/wiki/Jens_Stoltenberg" title="Jens Stoltenberg">Jens Stoltenberg</a> "strongly condemned" the attacks and said Iran was "supporting different terrorist groups and being responsible for destabilising the whole region."<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> In South Korea, the National Defence Minister <a href="/wiki/Jeong_Kyeong-doo" title="Jeong Kyeong-doo">Jeong Kyeong-doo</a> denounced drone attacks on oil facilities as "a reckless act" that harms global security and stability. Saudi Crown Prince <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_bin_Salman" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohammad bin Salman">Mohammad bin Salman</a> and South Korean President <a href="/wiki/Moon_Jae-in" title="Moon Jae-in">Moon Jae-in</a> agreed to strengthen partnerships between the two countries to fight against the terrorist attacks.<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a><a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> During the Houthi "21 September revolution anniversary", the Houthi leader <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ali_al-Houthi" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Ali al-Houthi">Muhammad Ali al-Houthi</a>, offered to halt all attacks on Saudi Arabia. He said that Saudi Arabia should in return end its war in Yemen. The Houthis also warned that if Saudi Arabia refused their peace offer the next attacks will be more painful.<a href="#cite_note-Houthigardian-117">[117]</a><a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a> The UN Yemen envoy, praised the Houthi announcement and said it could send a "powerful message of the will to end the war".<a href="#cite_note-Houthigardian-117">[117]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Related_security_issues">Related security issues</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Abqaiq%E2%80%93Khurais_attack&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Related security issues">edit</a>]</div> On 15 September 2019, the <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Kuwait" title="Cabinet of Kuwait">Cabinet of Kuwait</a> said it was probing the sighting of a drone over its territory and coordinating with Saudi Arabia, and other countries, after the attacks. Kuwait has also increased its security as a result of the attack.<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a><a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a> Russian President <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a> offered to sell Saudi Arabia the advanced <a href="/wiki/S-400_missile_system" title="S-400 missile system">S-400 missile system</a><a href="#cite_note-al-jazeera-77">[77]</a> so it could use it against air attacks instead of continuing to use the <a href="/wiki/Raytheon" title="Raytheon">Raytheon</a> Patriot missile system.<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> However, Putin made this offer beside a chuckling Iranian President Rouhani in what was described as a "sublime bit of political trolling".<a href="#cite_note-veconomist-122">[122]</a> By 11 October 2019, the United States had sent 3,000 additional troops to Saudi Arabia in response to the attack, which U.S. Defense Secretary <a href="/wiki/Mark_Esper" title="Mark Esper">Mark Esper</a> stated was to address "threats in the region" while protecting Saudi Arabia from "Iranian aggression".<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a> Secretive cyberattacks on Tehran internet capabilities followed the event and according to Iranian sources, a rocket attack on Iranian shipping in the Red Sea.<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> <a href="/wiki/Uzi_Rubin" title="Uzi Rubin">Uzi Rubin</a>, a prominent Israeli military expert, described the attack as only one of the most audacious military surprises ever and a landmark event that bolstered Iran's prestige domestically and internationally in defiance of the US sanctions.<a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Abqaiq%E2%80%93Khurais_attack&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><a href="/wiki/File:Crystal_energy.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Crystal_energy.svg/29px-Crystal_energy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="29" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Crystal_energy.svg/44px-Crystal_energy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Crystal_energy.svg/59px-Crystal_energy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="124" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:Energy" title="Portal:Energy">Energy portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/32px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/48px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/64px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Saudi_Arabia" title="Portal:Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Airstrikes_on_hospitals_in_Yemen" class="mw-redirect" title="Airstrikes on hospitals in Yemen">Airstrikes on hospitals in Yemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dahyan_air_strike" title="Dahyan air strike">Dahyan air strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="Iran–Saudi Arabia relations">Iran–Saudi Arabia relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petroleum_politics" title="Petroleum politics">Petroleum politics</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Abqaiq%E2%80%93Khurais_attack&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-bbc18092019-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bbc18092019_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bbc18092019_1-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bbc18092019_1-2">c</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px 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Retrieved 16 September 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Saudi+oil+attacks%3A+All+the+latest+updates&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2019%2F09%2Fsaudi-oil-attacks-latest-updates-190916102800973.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbqaiq%E2%80%93Khurais+attack" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arabic.cnn.com/middle-east/article/2019/09/16/houthis-yemen-saudi-arabia-aramco-iran">"الحوثيون: استهدفنا منشأتي أرامكو بـ"درونز" مختلفة.. ونحذر الشركات الأجنبية"</a> [Houthis: We targeted two Aramco facilities "different" Drones .. We warn foreign companies]. arabic.cnn.com (in Arabic). 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Retrieved 17 September 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=arabic.cnn.com&rft.atitle=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%88%D8%AB%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86%3A+%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%87%D8%AF%D9%81%D9%86%D8%A7+%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%A3%D8%AA%D9%8A+%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%83%D9%88+%D8%A8%D9%80%22%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B2%22+%D9%85%D8%AE%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%81%D8%A9..+%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AD%D8%B0%D8%B1+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AA+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9&rft.date=2019-09-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farabic.cnn.com%2Fmiddle-east%2Farticle%2F2019%2F09%2F16%2Fhouthis-yemen-saudi-arabia-aramco-iran&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbqaiq%E2%80%93Khurais+attack" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/09/drones-hit-saudi-aramco-facilities-fires-190914051900472.html">"Houthi drone attacks on 2 Saudi Aramco oil facilities spark fires"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English" title="Al Jazeera English">Al Jazeera</a>. 14 September 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190916072115/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/09/drones-hit-saudi-aramco-facilities-fires-190914051900472.html">Archived</a> from the original on 16 September 2019. 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Arms Control Wonk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190919060249/https://www.armscontrolwonk.com/archive/1208062/meet-the-quds-1/">Archived</a> from the original on 19 September 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Arms+Control+Wonk&rft.atitle=Meet+the+Quds+1&rft.date=2019-09-15&rft.aulast=Hinz&rft.aufirst=Fabian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.armscontrolwonk.com%2Farchive%2F1208062%2Fmeet-the-quds-1%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbqaiq%E2%80%93Khurais+attack" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-janes-20190708-42"><a href="#cite_ref-janes-20190708_42-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBinnie2019" class="citation news cs1">Binnie, Jeremy (8 July 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.janes.com/article/89746/yemeni-rebels-unveil-cruise-missile-long-range-uavs">"Yemeni rebels unveil cruise missile, long-range UAVs"</a>. Jane's Defence Weekly. IHS. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190922115911/https://www.janes.com/article/89746/yemeni-rebels-unveil-cruise-missile-long-range-uavs">Archived</a> from the original on 22 September 2019. Retrieved 17 September 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Jane%27s+Defence+Weekly&rft.atitle=Yemeni+rebels+unveil+cruise+missile%2C+long-range+UAVs&rft.date=2019-07-08&rft.aulast=Binnie&rft.aufirst=Jeremy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.janes.com%2Farticle%2F89746%2Fyemeni-rebels-unveil-cruise-missile-long-range-uavs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbqaiq%E2%80%93Khurais+attack" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGambrell2021" class="citation web cs1">Gambrell, Jon (20 April 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/middle-east-yemen-ap-top-news-persian-gulf-tensions-international-news-d20f80188e3543bfb36d512df7777cd4">"Saudi Arabia: Drone attacks knocked out half its oil supply"</a>. AP NEWS. Retrieved 6 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AP+NEWS&rft.atitle=Saudi+Arabia%3A+Drone+attacks+knocked+out+half+its+oil+supply&rft.date=2021-04-20&rft.aulast=Gambrell&rft.aufirst=Jon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Fmiddle-east-yemen-ap-top-news-persian-gulf-tensions-international-news-d20f80188e3543bfb36d512df7777cd4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbqaiq%E2%80%93Khurais+attack" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-44"><a href="#cite_ref-auto_44-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/world-nation/story/2019-09-13/drone-attacks-strike-major-saudi-oil-facility">"Yemen's Houthi rebels launch drone attacks on 2 major Saudi oil sites"</a>. Los Angeles Times. 14 September 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190918001059/https://www.latimes.com/world-nation/story/2019-09-13/drone-attacks-strike-major-saudi-oil-facility">Archived</a> from the original on 18 September 2019. Retrieved 17 September 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Yemen%27s+Houthi+rebels+launch+drone+attacks+on+2+major+Saudi+oil+sites&rft.date=2019-09-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fworld-nation%2Fstory%2F2019-09-13%2Fdrone-attacks-strike-major-saudi-oil-facility&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbqaiq%E2%80%93Khurais+attack" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKirkpatrickKoettlMcCannSchmitt2019" class="citation news cs1">Kirkpatrick, David D.; Koettl, Christoph; McCann, Allison; Schmitt, Eric; Singhvi, Anjali; Wezerek, Gus (16 September 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/09/16/world/middleeast/trump-saudi-arabia-oil-attack.html">"Who Was Behind the Saudi Oil Attack? What the Evidence Shows"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190917134802/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/09/16/world/middleeast/trump-saudi-arabia-oil-attack.html">Archived</a> from the original on 17 September 2019. Retrieved 6 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Who+Was+Behind+the+Saudi+Oil+Attack%3F+What+the+Evidence+Shows&rft.date=2019-09-16&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Kirkpatrick&rft.aufirst=David+D.&rft.au=Koettl%2C+Christoph&rft.au=McCann%2C+Allison&rft.au=Schmitt%2C+Eric&rft.au=Singhvi%2C+Anjali&rft.au=Wezerek%2C+Gus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Finteractive%2F2019%2F09%2F16%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2Ftrump-saudi-arabia-oil-attack.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbqaiq%E2%80%93Khurais+attack" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHerman2019" class="citation web cs1">Herman, Steve (15 September 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.voanews.com/a/middle-east_trump-us-locked-and-loaded-respond-saudi-oil-attack/6175845.html">"Trump: US is 'Locked and Loaded' to Respond to Saudi Oil Attack"</a>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.almasirah.net/details.php?es_id=6914&cat_id=1">the original</a> on 19 May 2019. Retrieved 18 September 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=english.almasirah.net&rft.atitle=Abdulsalam%3A+Targeting+Aramco+a+New+Phase+of+Economic+Deterrence&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.almasirah.net%2Fdetails.php%3Fes_id%3D6914%26cat_id%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbqaiq%E2%80%93Khurais+attack" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnbc.com/2019/09/14/explosion-fire-hit-major-saudi-aramco-facility.html">"Yemen's Houthi rebels launch drones on 2 big Saudi oil sites"</a>. CNBC. 14 September 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190920071022/https://www.cnbc.com/2019/09/14/explosion-fire-hit-major-saudi-aramco-facility.html">Archived</a> from the original on 20 September 2019. Retrieved 18 September 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNBC&rft.atitle=Yemen%27s+Houthi+rebels+launch+drones+on+2+big+Saudi+oil+sites&rft.date=2019-09-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnbc.com%2F2019%2F09%2F14%2Fexplosion-fire-hit-major-saudi-aramco-facility.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbqaiq%E2%80%93Khurais+attack" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201004005806/http://english.almasirah.net/details.php?es_id=8322&cat_id=1">"Saudi Aramco Acknowledges Damage at Shaybah Oil Field Following First Operation of Balanced Deterrence"</a>. english.almasirah.net. 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Retrieved 18 September 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=english.almasirah.net&rft.atitle=Saudi+Aramco+Acknowledges+Damage+at+Shaybah+Oil+Field+Following+First+Operation+of+Balanced+Deterrence&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.almasirah.net%2Fdetails.php%3Fes_id%3D8322%26cat_id%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbqaiq%E2%80%93Khurais+attack" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/yemens-houthis-claim-responsibility-for-drone-attacks-on-saudi-arabia-601641">"Houthi drones hit two Aramco plants, Saudis say fires contained"</a>. Jerusalem Post. 14 September 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190915065937/https://www.jpost.com/Breaking-News/Yemens-Houthis-claim-responsibility-for-drone-attacks-on-Saudi-Arabia-601641">Archived</a> from the original on 15 September 2019. Retrieved 18 September 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Jerusalem+Post&rft.atitle=Houthi+drones+hit+two+Aramco+plants%2C+Saudis+say+fires+contained&rft.date=2019-09-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2Fbreaking-news%2Fyemens-houthis-claim-responsibility-for-drone-attacks-on-saudi-arabia-601641&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbqaiq%E2%80%93Khurais+attack" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.france24.com/ar/20190918-السعودية-منشآت-أرامكو-النفطية-إيران-الأمم-المتحدة-الحوثيون-الشمال">"السعودية تتهم إيران بدعم هجوم أرامكو وتؤكد أن مصدره من "الشمال""</a> [Its source from the "North" of Saudi accuses Iran of supporting the Aramco attack and emphasizes that...]. فرانس 24 / France 24 (in Arabic). 18 September 2019. 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SWI swissinfo.ch (in Arabic). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.swissinfo.ch/ara/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%88%D8%AB%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%86-%D9%8A%D9%87%D8%AF%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86-%D8%A8%D9%85%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%A9-%D8%A3%D9%87%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%81-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA/45238604">the original</a> on 28 August 2020. Retrieved 18 September 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SWI+swissinfo.ch&rft.atitle=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%88%D8%AB%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86+%D9%81%D9%8A+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%86+%D9%8A%D9%87%D8%AF%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86+%D8%A8%D9%85%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%A9+%D8%A3%D9%87%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%81+%D9%81%D9%8A+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.swissinfo.ch%2Fara%2F%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25AD%25D9%2588%25D8%25AB%25D9%258A%25D9%2588%25D9%2586-%25D9%2581%25D9%258A-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%258A%25D9%2585%25D9%2586-%25D9%258A%25D9%2587%25D8%25AF%25D8%25AF%25D9%2588%25D9%2586-%25D8%25A8%25D9%2585%25D9%2587%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AC%25D9%2585%25D8%25A9-%25D8%25A3%25D9%2587%25D8%25AF%25D8%25A7%25D9%2581-%25D9%2581%25D9%258A-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25A5%25D9%2585%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AA%2F45238604&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbqaiq%E2%80%93Khurais+attack" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mubasher.aljazeera.net/news/الأهداف-في-أبوظبي-ودبي-الحوثيون-يتوعدون-باستهداف-منشآت-في-الإمارات">"الأهداف في أبوظبي ودبي: الحوثيون يتوعدون باستهداف منشآت في الإمارات"</a> [Goals in Abu Dhabi and Dubai: Houthis vow to target facilities in the UAE]. الجزيرة مباشر (in Arabic). Retrieved 18 September 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9+%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%B1&rft.atitle=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%87%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%81+%D9%81%D9%8A+%D8%A3%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B8%D8%A8%D9%8A+%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A8%D9%8A%3A+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%88%D8%AB%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86+%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B9%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86+%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%87%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%81+%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%A2%D8%AA+%D9%81%D9%8A+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmubasher.aljazeera.net%2Fnews%2F%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%87%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%81-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A3%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B8%D8%A8%D9%8A-%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A8%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%88%D8%AB%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86-%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B9%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%87%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%81-%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%A2%D8%AA-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbqaiq%E2%80%93Khurais+attack" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.france24.com/en/20190918-yemen-rebels-threaten-strikes-against-dubai-and-abu-dhabi">"Yemen rebels threaten strikes against Dubai and Abu Dhabi"</a>. France 24. 18 September 2019. Retrieved 18 September 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=France+24&rft.atitle=Yemen+rebels+threaten+strikes+against+Dubai+and+Abu+Dhabi&rft.date=2019-09-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.france24.com%2Fen%2F20190918-yemen-rebels-threaten-strikes-against-dubai-and-abu-dhabi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbqaiq%E2%80%93Khurais+attack" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Connor2019" class="citation web cs1">O'Connor, Tom (18 September 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newsweek.com/saudi-blame-iran-avoid-war-1460016">"Saudi Arabia officially blames oil attack on Iran, which says it's ready for war, but doesn't want one"</a>. Newsweek. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190919104224/https://www.newsweek.com/saudi-blame-iran-avoid-war-1460016">Archived</a> from the original on 19 September 2019. Retrieved 18 September 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Newsweek&rft.atitle=Saudi+Arabia+officially+blames+oil+attack+on+Iran%2C+which+says+it%27s+ready+for+war%2C+but+doesn%27t+want+one&rft.date=2019-09-18&rft.aulast=O%27Connor&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newsweek.com%2Fsaudi-blame-iran-avoid-war-1460016&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbqaiq%E2%80%93Khurais+attack" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrowneEnsor2019" class="citation news cs1">Browne, Gareth; Ensor, Josie (22 September 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2019/09/22/uae-warns-drone-attack-dubai-abu-dhabi-would-attack-world/">"UAE warns that drone attack on Dubai or Abu Dhabi would be 'attack on the world'"</a>. The Telegraph. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190922181900/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2019/09/22/uae-warns-drone-attack-dubai-abu-dhabi-would-attack-world/">Archived</a> from the original on 22 September 2019. Retrieved 22 September 2019 – via www.telegraph.co.uk.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=UAE+warns+that+drone+attack+on+Dubai+or+Abu+Dhabi+would+be+%27attack+on+the+world%27&rft.date=2019-09-22&rft.aulast=Browne&rft.aufirst=Gareth&rft.au=Ensor%2C+Josie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2F2019%2F09%2F22%2Fuae-warns-drone-attack-dubai-abu-dhabi-would-attack-world%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbqaiq%E2%80%93Khurais+attack" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRaddatz2019" class="citation web cs1">Raddatz, Martha (15 September 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/iran-fired-cruise-missiles-attack-saudi-oil-facility/story?id=65632653">"Iran fired cruise missiles in attack on Saudi oil facility: Senior US official"</a>. ABC News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190917012620/https://abcnews.go.com/International/iran-fired-cruise-missiles-attack-saudi-oil-facility/story?id=65632653">Archived</a> from the original on 17 September 2019. Retrieved 6 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=Iran+fired+cruise+missiles+in+attack+on+Saudi+oil+facility%3A+Senior+US+official&rft.date=2019-09-15&rft.aulast=Raddatz&rft.aufirst=Martha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2FPolitics%2Firan-fired-cruise-missiles-attack-saudi-oil-facility%2Fstory%3Fid%3D65632653&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbqaiq%E2%80%93Khurais+attack" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190918030753/https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/the-latest-saudi-arabia-says-drones-attacked-oil-facilities/2019/09/14/c423023c-d6ae-11e9-8924-1db7dac797fb_story.html">"The Latest: Trump calls Saudi crown prince after attack"</a>. Washington Post. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/the-latest-saudi-arabia-says-drones-attacked-oil-facilities/2019/09/14/c423023c-d6ae-11e9-8924-1db7dac797fb_story.html">the original</a> on 18 September 2019. Retrieved 14 September 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Post&rft.atitle=The+Latest%3A+Trump+calls+Saudi+crown+prince+after+attack&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fbusiness%2Fthe-latest-saudi-arabia-says-drones-attacked-oil-facilities%2F2019%2F09%2F14%2Fc423023c-d6ae-11e9-8924-1db7dac797fb_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbqaiq%E2%80%93Khurais+attack" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrown2017" class="citation web cs1">Brown, David (17 September 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://politi.co/30ntaMH">"Trump stops short of blaming Iran for Saudi attack"</a>. POLITICO.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=POLITICO&rft.atitle=Trump+stops+short+of+blaming+Iran+for+Saudi+attack&rft.date=2017-09-17&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpoliti.co%2F30ntaMH&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbqaiq%E2%80%93Khurais+attack" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKalin2019" class="citation web cs1">Kalin, Stephen (16 September 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-saudi-aramco-coalition/saudi-led-coalition-evidence-indicates-iranian-arms-used-in-saudi-attack-idUSKBN1W11N5">"Evidence indicates Iranian arms used in Saudi attack, say Saudis"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190918072247/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-saudi-aramco-coalition/saudi-led-coalition-evidence-indicates-iranian-arms-used-in-saudi-attack-idUSKBN1W11N5">Archived</a> from the original on 18 September 2019. Retrieved 16 September 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Evidence+indicates+Iranian+arms+used+in+Saudi+attack%2C+say+Saudis&rft.pub=Reuters&rft.date=2019-09-16&rft.aulast=Kalin&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-saudi-aramco-coalition%2Fsaudi-led-coalition-evidence-indicates-iranian-arms-used-in-saudi-attack-idUSKBN1W11N5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbqaiq%E2%80%93Khurais+attack" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTurak2019" class="citation web cs1">Turak, Natasha (18 September 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnbc.com/2019/09/18/saudi-arabia-drone-and-missile-debris-proves-iranian-role-in-attack.html">"Drone and missile debris proves Iranian role in Aramco attack, Saudi defense ministry says"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNBC" title="CNBC">CNBC</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190918150507/https://www.cnbc.com/2019/09/18/saudi-arabia-drone-and-missile-debris-proves-iranian-role-in-attack.html">Archived</a> from the original on 18 September 2019. Retrieved 18 September 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Drone+and+missile+debris+proves+Iranian+role+in+Aramco+attack%2C+Saudi+defense+ministry+says&rft.pub=CNBC&rft.date=2019-09-18&rft.aulast=Turak&rft.aufirst=Natasha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnbc.com%2F2019%2F09%2F18%2Fsaudi-arabia-drone-and-missile-debris-proves-iranian-role-in-attack.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbqaiq%E2%80%93Khurais+attack" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-npr_20190918-62">^ <a href="#cite_ref-npr_20190918_62-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-npr_20190918_62-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChappell2019" class="citation web cs1">Chappell, Bill (18 September 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2019/09/18/761985624/saudi-arabia-says-iran-unquestionably-sponsored-attack-on-oil-facilities">"Saudi Arabia Says Iran 'Unquestionably Sponsored' Attack On Oil Facilities"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190919011830/https://www.npr.org/2019/09/18/761985624/saudi-arabia-says-iran-unquestionably-sponsored-attack-on-oil-facilities">Archived</a> from the original on 19 September 2019. Retrieved 18 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Saudi+Arabia+Says+Iran+%27Unquestionably+Sponsored%27+Attack+On+Oil+Facilities&rft.pub=NPR&rft.date=2019-09-18&rft.aulast=Chappell&rft.aufirst=Bill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2019%2F09%2F18%2F761985624%2Fsaudi-arabia-says-iran-unquestionably-sponsored-attack-on-oil-facilities&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbqaiq%E2%80%93Khurais+attack" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChappell2019" class="citation web cs1">Chappell, Bill (17 September 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2019/09/17/761539212/saudi-crisis-irans-supreme-leader-says-no-talks-with-u-s-during-u-n-visit">"U.S. Satellites Detected Iran Readying Weapons Ahead Of Saudi Strike, Officials Say"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190917180238/https://www.npr.org/2019/09/17/761539212/saudi-crisis-irans-supreme-leader-says-no-talks-with-u-s-during-u-n-visit">Archived</a> from the original on 17 September 2019. Retrieved 17 September 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=U.S.+Satellites+Detected+Iran+Readying+Weapons+Ahead+Of+Saudi+Strike%2C+Officials+Say&rft.pub=NPR&rft.date=2019-09-17&rft.aulast=Chappell&rft.aufirst=Bill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2019%2F09%2F17%2F761539212%2Fsaudi-crisis-irans-supreme-leader-says-no-talks-with-u-s-during-u-n-visit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbqaiq%E2%80%93Khurais+attack" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarris2019" class="citation web cs1">Harris, Bryant (16 September 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2019/09/sanders-warn-tump-iran-strike-saudi-arabia-oil-attack.html">"Sanders warns Trump against illegal Iran strike"</a>. Al-Monitor. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190918061525/https://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2019/09/sanders-warn-tump-iran-strike-saudi-arabia-oil-attack.html">Archived</a> from the original on 18 September 2019. 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Retrieved 21 September 2019. <q>Oil production doubled between 2008 and 2018, and the U.S. is now the world's top oil producer, ahead of Saudi Arabia, according to the Energy Information Administration.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Saudi+Oil+Attack+Is+Unlikely+to+Dent+U.S.+Economy&rft.date=2019-09-15&rft.aulast=Harrison&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2Fsaudi-oil-attack-is-unlikely-to-dent-u-s-economy-11568539800&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbqaiq%E2%80%93Khurais+attack" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJonesSaidFaucon2019" class="citation web cs1">Jones, Rory; Said, Summer; Faucon, Benoit (17 September 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/saudis-have-restored-50-of-lost-production-energy-minister-11568743711">"Saudi Arabia Set to Return to Normal Oil Production Levels by End of Month"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190917181837/https://www.wsj.com/articles/saudis-have-restored-50-of-lost-production-energy-minister-11568743711">Archived</a> from the original on 17 September 2019. 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Retrieved 11 October 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Saudi+Arabia+oil+attacks%3A+US+to+deploy+thousands+of+extra+troops&rft.pub=BBC&rft.date=2019-10-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-us-canada-50021138&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbqaiq%E2%80%93Khurais+attack" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a> Reuters News. (16 October 2019). "U.S. carried out secret cyber strike on Iran in wake of Saudi oil attack – report". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jpost.com/Middle-East/US-carried-out-secret-cyber-strike-on-Iran-in-wake-of-Saudi-oil-attack-report-604778">Jerusalem Post website</a> Retrieved 14 January 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRubin2019" class="citation web cs1">Rubin, Uzi (15 October 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jiss.org.il/en/rubin-saudi-arabias-black-september/">"Saudi Arabia's Black September"</a>. JISS. Retrieved 2 January 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Saudi+Arabia%27s+Black+September&rft.pub=JISS&rft.date=2019-10-15&rft.aulast=Rubin&rft.aufirst=Uzi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjiss.org.il%2Fen%2Frubin-saudi-arabias-black-september%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbqaiq%E2%80%93Khurais+attack" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Yemeni_civil_war_(2014–present)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Yemeni_Civil_War_(2014%E2%80%93present)" title="Template:Yemeni Civil War (2014–present)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Yemeni_Civil_War_(2014%E2%80%93present)" title="Template talk:Yemeni Civil War (2014–present)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Yemeni_Civil_War_(2014%E2%80%93present)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Yemeni Civil War (2014–present)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Yemeni_civil_war_(2014–present)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Yemeni_civil_war_(2014%E2%80%93present)" title="Yemeni civil war (2014–present)">Yemeni civil war (2014–present)</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Yemeni_civil_war_(2014%E2%80%93present)" title="Timeline of the Yemeni civil war (2014–present)">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_Yemeni_crisis,_revolution,_and_civil_war_(2011%E2%80%93present)" title="Outline of the Yemeni crisis, revolution, and civil war (2011–present)">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemeni_crisis" title="Yemeni crisis">Yemeni crisis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yemeni_revolution" title="Yemeni revolution">Background</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Houthi_insurgency_in_Yemen" class="mw-redirect" title="Houthi insurgency in Yemen">Houthi insurgency in Yemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houthi_takeover_in_Yemen" title="Houthi takeover in Yemen">Houthi takeover in Yemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aftermath_of_the_Houthi_takeover_in_Yemen" title="Aftermath of the Houthi takeover in Yemen">Aftermath of the Houthi takeover in Yemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sanaa_(2014)" title="Battle of Sanaa (2014)">Battle of Sanaa (2014)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Yemen" title="Human rights in Yemen">Human rights in Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Battles and attacks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shabwah_Governorate_offensive_(2014%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Shabwah Governorate offensive (2014–present)">Shabwah Governorate offensive (2014–present)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Aden_Airport" title="Battle of Aden Airport">Battle of Aden Airport</a></li> <li>2015 Sanaa mosque bombings: <a href="/wiki/March_2015_Sanaa_mosque_bombings" title="March 2015 Sanaa mosque bombings">March</a> and <a href="/wiki/September_2015_Sanaa_mosque_bombing" title="September 2015 Sanaa mosque bombing">September</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marib_campaign" title="Marib campaign">Marib campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dhale" title="Battle of Dhale">Battle of Dhale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabian%E2%80%93led_intervention_in_Yemen" class="mw-redirect" title="Saudi Arabian–led intervention in Yemen">Saudi Arabian–led intervention in Yemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Aden_(2015)" title="Battle of Aden (2015)">Battle of Aden (2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abyan_campaign_(March%E2%80%93August_2015)" class="mw-redirect" title="Abyan campaign (March–August 2015)">Abyan campaign (March–August 2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahij_insurgency" title="Lahij insurgency">Lahij insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houthi%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabian_conflict" title="Houthi–Saudi Arabian conflict">Houthi–Saudi Arabian conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shabwah_campaign_(March%E2%80%93August_2015)" class="mw-redirect" title="Shabwah campaign (March–August 2015)">Shabwah campaign (March–August 2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mukalla_(2015)" title="Battle of Mukalla (2015)">Battle of Mukalla (2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiz_campaign_(2015%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Taiz campaign (2015–present)">Taiz campaign (2015–present)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_2015_Marib_Tochka_missile_attack" title="September 2015 Marib Tochka missile attack">September 2015 Marib Tochka missile attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aden_unrest_(2015%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Aden unrest (2015–present)">Aden unrest (2015–present)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/October_2015_Aden_missile_attack" title="October 2015 Aden missile attack">October 2015 Aden missile attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Aden_car_bombing" title="2015 Aden car bombing">2015 Aden car bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missionaries_of_Charity_attack_in_Aden" title="Missionaries of Charity attack in Aden">Aden Christian attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Aden_car_bombing" title="2016 Aden car bombing">2016 Aden car bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/23_May_2016_Yemen_bombings" title="23 May 2016 Yemen bombings">23 May 2016 Aden bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_2016_Aden_bombing" title="August 2016 Aden bombing">August 2016 Aden bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2016_Aden_suicide_bombings" title="December 2016 Aden suicide bombings">December 2016 Aden suicide bombings</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Zinjibar_and_Jaar" title="Fall of Zinjibar and Jaar">Zinjibar and Jaar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2015_Taiz_missile_attack" title="December 2015 Taiz missile attack">December 2015 Taiz missile attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nihm_Offensive" title="Nihm Offensive">Nihm Offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Port_Midi" title="Battle of Port Midi">Battle of Port Midi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadramaut_Insurgency" class="mw-redirect" title="Hadramaut Insurgency">Hadramaut Insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Abyan_Offensive_(2016)" title="Southern Abyan Offensive (2016)">Southern Abyan Offensive (2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abyan_conflict_(2016%E2%80%932018)" class="mw-redirect" title="Abyan conflict (2016–2018)">Abyan conflict (2016–2018)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mukalla_(2016)" title="Battle of Mukalla (2016)">Battle of Mukalla (2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2016_Yemen_police_bombings" title="May 2016 Yemen police bombings">May 2016 Yemen police bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_2016_Mukalla_attacks" title="June 2016 Mukalla attacks">June 2016 Mukalla attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Sanaa_funeral_airstrike" class="mw-redirect" title="2016 Sanaa funeral airstrike">2016 Sanaa funeral airstrike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Yakla" title="Raid on Yakla">Raid on Yakla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Al_Hathla" title="Raid on Al Hathla">Raid on Al Hathla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sanaa_(2017)" title="Battle of Sanaa (2017)">Battle of Sanaa (2017)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Aden_(2018)" title="Battle of Aden (2018)">Battle of Aden (2018)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Al_Hudaydah" title="Battle of Al Hudaydah">Battle of Al Hudaydah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dahyan_air_strike" title="Dahyan air strike">Dahyan air strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abha_International_Airport_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="Abha International Airport attack">Abha International Airport attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Jabara_Valley" title="Battle of the Jabara Valley">Battle of the Jabara Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Abqaiq%E2%80%93Khurais_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="2019 Abqaiq–Khurais attack">2019 Abqaiq–Khurais attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_2020_Marib_attack" title="January 2020 Marib attack">January 2020 Marib attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Jawf_offensive" title="Al-Jawf offensive">Al-Jawf offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Bayda_offensive" title="Al Bayda offensive">Al Bayda offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_2020_Marib_attack" title="August 2020 Marib attack">August 2020 Marib attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Aden_attacks" class="mw-redirect" title="2020 Aden attacks">2020 Aden attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Marib" title="Battle of Marib">Battle of Marib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Aden_bombings" title="2021 Aden bombings">2021 Aden bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Abu_Dhabi_attack" title="2022 Abu Dhabi attack">2022 Abu Dhabi attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saada_prison_airstrike" title="Saada prison airstrike">Saada prison airstrike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Jeddah_missile_attack" title="2022 Jeddah missile attack">2022 Jeddah missile attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Southern_Yemen_offensive" title="2022 Southern Yemen offensive">2022 Southern Yemen offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Sea_crisis" title="Red Sea crisis">Red Sea Crisis (2023-)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Prosperity_Guardian" title="Operation Prosperity Guardian">Operation Prosperity Guardian</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_Yemeni_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="International reactions to the Yemeni Revolution">Reactions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_involvement_in_the_Yemeni_civil_war_(2014%E2%80%93present)" title="Foreign involvement in the Yemeni civil war (2014–present)">Foreign involvement in the Yemeni civil war</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saudi-led_intervention_in_the_Yemeni_civil_war" title="Saudi-led intervention in the Yemeni civil war">Saudi-led intervention in the Yemeni civil war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blockade_of_Yemen" title="Blockade of Yemen">Blockade of Yemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemeni_peace_process" title="Yemeni peace process">Yemeni peace process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates_takeover_of_Socotra" class="mw-redirect" title="United Arab Emirates takeover of Socotra">United Arab Emirates takeover of Socotra</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Impacts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Yemeni_humanitarian_crisis" title="Timeline of the Yemeni humanitarian crisis">Humanitarian crisis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Famine_in_Yemen_(2016%E2%80%93present)" title="Famine in Yemen (2016–present)">Famine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016%E2%80%932022_Yemen_cholera_outbreak" title="2016–2022 Yemen cholera outbreak">Cholera outbreak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airstrikes_on_hospitals_in_Yemen" class="mw-redirect" title="Airstrikes on hospitals in Yemen">Airstrikes on hospitals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refugees_on_Jeju_Island" title="Refugees on Jeju Island">Refugees on Jeju Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Yemen" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Yemen">COVID-19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_Yemen" title="Water supply and sanitation in Yemen">Water supply and sanitation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_crimes_in_the_Yemeni_civil_war_(2014%E2%80%93present)" title="War crimes in the Yemeni civil war (2014–present)">War crimes and human rights violations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Belligerents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Yemen" title="Cabinet of Yemen">Alimi</a> government</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rashad_al-Alimi" title="Rashad al-Alimi">Pro-Alimi</a> <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Yemen_Armed_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Yemen Armed Forces">security forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Saleh" title="Ahmed Saleh">Saleh</a> loyalist defectors</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Islah_(Yemen)" title="Al-Islah (Yemen)">Al-Islah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Resistance_Committees_(Yemen)" title="Popular Resistance Committees (Yemen)">Popular Resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Committees_(Yemen)" title="Popular Committees (Yemen)">Popular Committees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Movement" title="Southern Movement">Southern Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Transitional_Council" title="Southern Transitional Council">Southern Transitional Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Guard_(Yemen)" title="Republican Guard (Yemen)">Republican Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Hadhrami_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="National Hadhrami Council">National Hadhrami Council</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Houthi" class="mw-redirect" title="Houthi">Houthi</a> government</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Political_Council" title="Supreme Political Council">Supreme Political Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houthi_movement" title="Houthi movement">Houthis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Abdullah_Saleh" title="Ali Abdullah Saleh">Pro-Saleh</a> <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Yemen_Armed_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Yemen Armed Forces">forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Revolutionary_Committee" title="Supreme Revolutionary Committee">Supreme Revolutionary Committee</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Yemen" title="Cabinet of Yemen">Alimi</a> government</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rashad_al-Alimi" title="Rashad al-Alimi">Rashad al-Alimi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdrabbuh_Mansur_Hadi" title="Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi">Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahmoud_al-Subaihi" title="Mahmoud al-Subaihi">Mahmoud al-Subaihi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Mohsen_al-Ahmar" title="Ali Mohsen al-Ahmar">Ali Mohsen al-Ahmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khaled_Bahah" title="Khaled Bahah">Khaled Bahah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hussein_Arab" title="Hussein Arab">Hussein Arab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Saleh" title="Ahmed Saleh">Ahmed Saleh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tareq_Saleh" title="Tareq Saleh">Tareq Saleh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Houthi_movement" title="Houthi movement">Houthi</a> government</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saleh_Ali_al-Sammad" title="Saleh Ali al-Sammad">Saleh Ali al-Sammad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_al-Atifi" title="Mohamed al-Atifi">Mohamed al-Atifi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_al-Houthi" title="Mohammed al-Houthi">Mohammed al-Houthi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hussein_Khairan" title="Hussein Khairan">Hussein Khairan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul-Malik_al-Houthi" title="Abdul-Malik al-Houthi">Abdul-Malik al-Houthi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Abdullah_Saleh" title="Ali Abdullah Saleh">Ali Abdullah Saleh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States%E2%80%93Houthi_conflict_(2023%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="United States–Houthi conflict (2023–present)">United States–Houthi conflict (2023–present)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_Saudi-led_intervention_in_Yemen_(2015%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="International reactions to the Saudi-led intervention in Yemen (2015–present)">Reactions to the Saudi-led military intervention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_aviation_shootdowns_and_accidents_during_the_Saudi_Arabian-led_intervention_in_Yemen" class="mw-redirect" title="List of aviation shootdowns and accidents during the Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen">List of aviation shootdowns and accidents during the Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Iran&#124;link=Iran_Iran–Saudi_Arabia_relations_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Saudi_Arabia&#124;link=Saudi_Arabia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Iran%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="Template:Iran–Saudi Arabia relations"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Iran%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="Template talk:Iran–Saudi Arabia relations"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Iran%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Iran–Saudi Arabia relations"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Iran&#124;link=Iran_Iran–Saudi_Arabia_relations_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Saudi_Arabia&#124;link=Saudi_Arabia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran"><img alt="Iran" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/46px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="Iran–Saudi Arabia relations">Iran–Saudi Arabia relations</a> <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia"><img alt="Saudi Arabia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Diplomatic posts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_of_Iran_to_Saudi_Arabia" title="List of ambassadors of Iran to Saudi Arabia">Ambassadors of Iran to Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embassy_of_Saudi_Arabia,_Tehran" title="Embassy of Saudi Arabia, Tehran">Embassy of Saudi Arabia, Tehran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_of_Saudi_Arabia_to_Iran" title="List of ambassadors of Saudi Arabia to Iran">Ambassadors of Saudi Arabia to Iran</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Diplomacy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Safari_Club" title="Safari Club">Safari Club</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_proxy_conflict" title="Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict">Conflicts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_revolution" title="Iranian revolution">Iranian revolution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1979_Khuzestan_insurgency" title="1979 Khuzestan insurgency">1979 Khuzestan insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_separatism_in_Khuzestan" title="Arab separatism in Khuzestan">Arab separatism in Khuzestan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatif_conflict" title="Qatif conflict">Qatif conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1979_Qatif_Uprising" title="1979 Qatif Uprising">1979 Qatif Uprising</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Iraq_War" title="Iran–Iraq War">Iran–Iraq War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_June_5,_1984" title="Action of June 5, 1984">Action of June 5, 1984</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatar%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_diplomatic_conflict" title="Qatar–Saudi Arabia diplomatic conflict">Qatar–Saudi Arabia diplomatic conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qatar_diplomatic_crisis" title="Qatar diplomatic crisis">Qatar diplomatic crisis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Egyptian_revolution" title="2011 Egyptian revolution">2011 Egyptian revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Bahraini_uprising" title="2011 Bahraini uprising">2011 Bahraini uprising</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saudi-led_intervention_in_Bahrain" title="Saudi-led intervention in Bahrain">Saudi-led intervention in Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Bahrain" title="Insurgency in Bahrain">insurgency in Bahrain</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_civil_war_(2011)" title="Libyan civil war (2011)">2011 Libyan civil war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war" title="Syrian civil war">Syrian civil war</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hezbollah_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Hezbollah involvement in the Syrian civil war">Hezbollah involvement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Iranian intervention in the Syrian civil war">Iranian involvement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Saudi involvement in the Syrian civil war">Saudi involvement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war_spillover_in_Lebanon" title="Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon">Spillover in Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axis_of_Resistance" title="Axis of Resistance">Axis of Resistance</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_intervention_in_Iraq_(2014%E2%80%93present)" title="Iranian intervention in Iraq (2014–present)">Iranian intervention in Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemeni_crisis" title="Yemeni crisis">Yemeni crisis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Houthi_insurgency" title="Houthi insurgency">Houthi insurgency</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Scorched_Earth" title="Operation Scorched Earth">Operation Scorched Earth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Blow_to_the_Head" title="Operation Blow to the Head">Operation Blow to the Head</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemeni_revolution" title="Yemeni revolution">Yemeni revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemeni_civil_war_(2014%E2%80%93present)" title="Yemeni civil war (2014–present)">Yemeni civil war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi-led_intervention_in_the_Yemeni_civil_war" title="Saudi-led intervention in the Yemeni civil war">Saudi-led intervention in Yemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houthi%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabian_conflict" title="Houthi–Saudi Arabian conflict">Houthi–Saudi Arabian conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houthi_takeover_in_Yemen" title="Houthi takeover in Yemen">Houthi takeover in Yemen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_civil_war_(2014%E2%80%932020)" title="Libyan civil war (2014–2020)">Second Libyan civil war</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Incidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1987_Mecca_incident" title="1987 Mecca incident">1987 Mecca incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khobar_Towers_bombing" title="Khobar Towers bombing">Khobar Towers bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011%E2%80%932012_Saudi_Arabian_protests" title="2011–2012 Saudi Arabian protests">2011–2012 Saudi Arabian protests</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2016_Saudi_Arabia_mass_execution" title="2016 Saudi Arabia mass execution">2016 Saudi Arabia mass execution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Execution_of_Nimr_al-Nimr" title="Execution of Nimr al-Nimr">Execution of Nimr al-Nimr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_attack_on_the_Saudi_diplomatic_missions_in_Iran" title="2016 attack on the Saudi diplomatic missions in Iran">2016 attack on the Saudi diplomatic missions in Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Saudi_Arabia_mass_execution" title="2019 Saudi Arabia mass execution">2019 Saudi Arabia mass execution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_alleged_Iran_assassination_plot" title="2011 alleged Iran assassination plot">2011 alleged Iran assassination plot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Mina_stampede" title="2015 Mina stampede">2015 Mina stampede</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Lebanon%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_dispute" title="2017 Lebanon–Saudi Arabia dispute">2017 Lebanon–Saudi Arabia dispute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017%E2%80%932020_Qatif_unrest" title="2017–2020 Qatif unrest">2017–2020 Qatif unrest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Riyadh_missile_strike" title="2018 Riyadh missile strike">2018 Riyadh missile strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Maritime_Security_Construct" title="International Maritime Security Construct">International Maritime Security Construct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_2231" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 2231">United Nations Security Council Resolution 2231</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2019_Gulf_of_Oman_incident" title="May 2019 Gulf of Oman incident">May 2019 Gulf of Oman incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Afif_attack" title="2019 Afif attack">2019 Afif attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abha_International_Airport_attacks" class="mw-redirect" title="Abha International Airport attacks">Abha International Airport attacks</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Abqaiq–Khurais attack</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Iranian relations with <a href="/wiki/Gulf_Cooperation_Council" title="Gulf Cooperation Council">GCC</a> member states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bahrain%E2%80%93Iran_relations" title="Bahrain–Iran relations">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Kuwait_relations" title="Iran–Kuwait relations">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Oman_relations" title="Iran–Oman relations">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Qatar_relations" title="Iran–Qatar relations">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93United_Arab_Emirates_relations" title="Iran–United Arab Emirates relations">United Arab Emirates</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_football_rivalry" title="Iran–Saudi Arabia football rivalry">Iran–Saudi Arabia football rivalry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran_and_state-sponsored_terrorism" title="Iran and state-sponsored terrorism">Iran and state-sponsored terrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Israel_proxy_conflict" title="Iran–Israel proxy conflict">Iran–Israel proxy conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_League%E2%80%93Iran_relations" title="Arab League–Iran relations">Arab League–Iran relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_alliance" title="Arab–Israeli alliance">Arab–Israeli alliance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/February_2019_Warsaw_Conference" title="February 2019 Warsaw Conference">Warsaw Middle East conference</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Syria%E2%80%93Iran%E2%80%93Iraq_coalition" title="Russia–Syria–Iran–Iraq coalition">Russia–Syria–Iran–Iraq coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_military_action_against_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Opposition to military action against Iran">Opposition to military action against Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation" title="Organisation of Islamic Cooperation">Organisation of Islamic Cooperation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Military_Counter_Terrorism_Coalition" title="Islamic Military Counter Terrorism Coalition">Islamic Military Counter Terrorism Coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_Cooperation_Council" title="Gulf Cooperation Council">Gulf Cooperation Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran_International" title="Iran International">Iran International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shia%E2%80%93Sunni_relations" title="Shia–Sunni relations">Shia–Sunni relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shia_Islam_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Shia Islam in Saudi Arabia">Shia Islam in Saudi Arabia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Iran%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="Category:Iran–Saudi Arabia relations">Category:Iran–Saudi Arabia relations</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Iran–Saudi_Arabia_proxy_conflict" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Iran%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_proxy_conflict" title="Template:Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Iran%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_proxy_conflict" title="Template talk:Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Iran%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_proxy_conflict" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Iran–Saudi_Arabia_proxy_conflict" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_proxy_conflict" title="Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict">Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="Iran–Saudi Arabia relations">Background</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_revolution" title="Iranian revolution">Iranian revolution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1979_Khuzestan_insurgency" title="1979 Khuzestan insurgency">1979 Khuzestan insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_separatism_in_Khuzestan" title="Arab separatism in Khuzestan">Arab separatism in Khuzestan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatif_conflict" title="Qatif conflict">Qatif conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1979_Qatif_Uprising" title="1979 Qatif Uprising">1979 Qatif Uprising</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Conflicts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Iraq_War" title="Iran–Iraq War">Iran–Iraq War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_June_5,_1984" title="Action of June 5, 1984">Action of June 5, 1984</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatar%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_diplomatic_conflict" title="Qatar–Saudi Arabia diplomatic conflict">Qatar–Saudi Arabia diplomatic conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qatar_diplomatic_crisis" title="Qatar diplomatic crisis">Qatar diplomatic crisis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Egyptian_revolution" title="2011 Egyptian revolution">2011 Egyptian revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Bahraini_uprising" title="2011 Bahraini uprising">2011 Bahraini uprising</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saudi-led_intervention_in_Bahrain" title="Saudi-led intervention in Bahrain">Saudi-led intervention in Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Bahrain" title="Insurgency in Bahrain">insurgency in Bahrain</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Libyan_civil_war" class="mw-redirect" title="First Libyan civil war">First Libyan civil war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war" title="Syrian civil war">Syrian civil war</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hezbollah_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Hezbollah involvement in the Syrian civil war">Hezbollah involvement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian involvement in the Syrian civil war">Iranian involvement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabian_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Saudi Arabian involvement in the Syrian civil war">Saudi involvement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war_spillover_in_Lebanon" title="Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon">Spillover in Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axis_of_Resistance" title="Axis of Resistance">Axis of Resistance</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Iraq_(2013%E2%80%932017)" title="War in Iraq (2013–2017)">War in Iraq (2013–2017)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_intervention_in_Iraq_(2014%E2%80%93present)" title="Iranian intervention in Iraq (2014–present)">Iranian intervention in Iraq</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemeni_crisis" title="Yemeni crisis">Yemeni crisis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Houthi_insurgency" title="Houthi insurgency">Houthi insurgency</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Scorched_Earth" title="Operation Scorched Earth">Operation Scorched Earth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Blow_to_the_Head" title="Operation Blow to the Head">Operation Blow to the Head</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemeni_revolution" title="Yemeni revolution">Yemeni revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemeni_civil_war_(2014%E2%80%93present)" title="Yemeni civil war (2014–present)">Yemeni civil war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabian%E2%80%93led_intervention_in_Yemen" class="mw-redirect" title="Saudi Arabian–led intervention in Yemen">Saudi-led intervention in Yemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houthi%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabian_conflict" title="Houthi–Saudi Arabian conflict">Houthi–Saudi Arabian conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houthi_takeover_in_Yemen" title="Houthi takeover in Yemen">Houthi takeover in Yemen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_civil_war_(2014%E2%80%932020)" title="Libyan civil war (2014–2020)">Second Libyan civil war</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Incidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1987_Mecca_incident" title="1987 Mecca incident">1987 Mecca incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khobar_Towers_bombing" title="Khobar Towers bombing">Khobar Towers bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011%E2%80%932012_Saudi_Arabian_protests" title="2011–2012 Saudi Arabian protests">2011–2012 Saudi Arabian protests</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2016_Saudi_Arabia_mass_execution" title="2016 Saudi Arabia mass execution">2016 Saudi Arabia mass execution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Execution_of_Nimr_al-Nimr" title="Execution of Nimr al-Nimr">Execution of Nimr al-Nimr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_attack_on_the_Saudi_diplomatic_missions_in_Iran" title="2016 attack on the Saudi diplomatic missions in Iran">2016 attack on the Saudi diplomatic missions in Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Saudi_Arabia_mass_execution" title="2019 Saudi Arabia mass execution">2019 Saudi Arabia mass execution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_alleged_Iran_assassination_plot" title="2011 alleged Iran assassination plot">2011 alleged Iran assassination plot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Mina_stampede" title="2015 Mina stampede">2015 Mina stampede</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Lebanon%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_dispute" title="2017 Lebanon–Saudi Arabia dispute">2017 Lebanon–Saudi Arabia dispute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017%E2%80%932020_Qatif_unrest" title="2017–2020 Qatif unrest">2017–2020 Qatif unrest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Riyadh_missile_strike" title="2018 Riyadh missile strike">2018 Riyadh missile strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Maritime_Security_Construct" title="International Maritime Security Construct">International Maritime Security Construct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_2231" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 2231">United Nations Security Council Resolution 2231</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2019_Gulf_of_Oman_incident" title="May 2019 Gulf of Oman incident">May 2019 Gulf of Oman incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Afif_attack" title="2019 Afif attack">2019 Afif attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abha_International_Airport_attacks" class="mw-redirect" title="Abha International Airport attacks">Abha International Airport attacks</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Abqaiq–Khurais attack</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Iranian relations with <a href="/wiki/Gulf_Cooperation_Council" title="Gulf Cooperation Council">GCC</a> member states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bahrain%E2%80%93Iran_relations" title="Bahrain–Iran relations">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Kuwait_relations" title="Iran–Kuwait relations">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Oman_relations" title="Iran–Oman relations">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Qatar_relations" title="Iran–Qatar relations">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93United_Arab_Emirates_relations" title="Iran–United Arab Emirates relations">United Arab Emirates</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iran_and_state-sponsored_terrorism" title="Iran and state-sponsored terrorism">Iran and state-sponsored terrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Israel_proxy_conflict" title="Iran–Israel proxy conflict">Iran–Israel proxy conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_League%E2%80%93Iran_relations" title="Arab League–Iran relations">Arab League–Iran relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_alliance_against_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab–Israeli alliance against Iran">Arab–Israeli alliance against Iran</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/February_2019_Warsaw_Conference" title="February 2019 Warsaw Conference">Warsaw Middle East conference</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Syria%E2%80%93Iran%E2%80%93Iraq_coalition" title="Russia–Syria–Iran–Iraq coalition">Russia–Syria–Iran–Iraq coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_military_action_against_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Opposition to military action against Iran">Opposition to military action against Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation" title="Organisation of Islamic Cooperation">Organisation of Islamic Cooperation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Military_Counter_Terrorism_Coalition" title="Islamic Military Counter Terrorism Coalition">Islamic Military Counter Terrorism Coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_Cooperation_Council" title="Gulf Cooperation Council">Gulf Cooperation Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran_International" title="Iran International">Iran International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shia%E2%80%93Sunni_relations" title="Shia–Sunni relations">Shia–Sunni relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shia_Islam_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Shia Islam in Saudi Arabia">Shia Islam in Saudi Arabia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, 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