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data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geheimdienste_des_Irak" title="Geheimdienste des Irak – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Geheimdienste des Irak" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="استخبارات – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="استخبارات" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jihaz_Al-Mukhabarat_Al-Amma" title="Jihaz Al-Mukhabarat Al-Amma – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Jihaz Al-Mukhabarat Al-Amma" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A7%D7%99" title="שירות הביון העיראקי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שירות הביון העיראקי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C5%82%C3%B3wna_Dyrekcja_Wywiadu" title="Główna Dyrekcja Wywiadu – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Główna Dyrekcja Wywiadu" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mukhabarat" title="Mukhabarat – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Mukhabarat" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B1%D0%B0_%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0_(%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82)" title="Разведывательная служба Ирака (Мухабарат) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Разведывательная служба Ирака (Мухабарат)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mukhabarat" title="Mukhabarat – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Mukhabarat" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mukhabarat" title="Mukhabarat – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Mukhabarat" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genel_%C4%B0stihbarat_Servisi" title="Genel İstihbarat Servisi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Genel İstihbarat Servisi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Iraqi_Intelligence_Service&params=33.309651_N_44.359075_E_type:landmark_region:IRQ"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">33°18′35″N</span> <span class="longitude">44°21′33″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">33.309651°N 44.359075°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">33.309651; 44.359075</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Government intelligence agency under Saddam Hussein</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Iraqi+Intelligence+Service%22">"Iraqi Intelligence Service"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Iraqi+Intelligence+Service%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Iraqi+Intelligence+Service%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Iraqi+Intelligence+Service%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Iraqi+Intelligence+Service%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Iraqi+Intelligence+Service%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title" style="font-size: 125%;">Iraqi Intelligence Service</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">جهاز المخابرات العراقي<br />Jihaz Al-Mukhabarat Al-Eiraqii</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_the_Iraqi_Intelligence_Service.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Emblem_of_the_Iraqi_Intelligence_Service.svg/116px-Emblem_of_the_Iraqi_Intelligence_Service.svg.png" decoding="async" width="116" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Emblem_of_the_Iraqi_Intelligence_Service.svg/174px-Emblem_of_the_Iraqi_Intelligence_Service.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Emblem_of_the_Iraqi_Intelligence_Service.svg/232px-Emblem_of_the_Iraqi_Intelligence_Service.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1377" data-file-height="1233" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">IIS logo</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Agency overview</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Formed</th><td class="infobox-data">1973</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Preceding agency</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li style="text-indent: -1em; padding-left: 1em;">Jihaz al Khas (Special Apparatus)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Dissolved</th><td class="infobox-data">23 May 2003</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Jurisdiction</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Iraq">Government of Iraq</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data">Al-Harthiya Garrison, <a href="/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad">Baghdad</a> <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Iraqi_Intelligence_Service&params=33.309651_N_44.359075_E_type:landmark_region:IRQ"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">33°18′35″N</span> <span class="longitude">44°21′33″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">33.309651°N 44.359075°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">33.309651; 44.359075</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Agency executive</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li style="text-indent: -1em; padding-left: 1em;">Brg. Gen. <a href="/wiki/Ali_Hassan_al-Majid" title="Ali Hassan al-Majid">Ali Hassan al-Majid</a> (1995–2003), Director</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parent agency</th><td class="infobox-data">Independent</td></tr></tbody></table> <dl><dd></dd></dl> <p>The <b>Iraqi Intelligence Service</b> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">جهاز المخابرات العامة العراقية</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Arabic" title="Romanization of Arabic">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">Jihaz Al-Mukhabarat Al-Eiraqii</i></span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Literal_translation" title="Literal translation">lit.</a> </small>'General Intelligence Directorate of Iraq') also known as the <b>Mukhabarat</b>, <b>General Intelligence Directorate</b>, or <b>Party Intelligence</b>, was an 8,000-man agency and the main state intelligence organization in <a href="/wiki/Ba%27athist_Iraq" title="Ba'athist Iraq">Iraq</a> under <a href="/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein">Saddam Hussein</a>. The <b>IIS</b> was primarily concerned with international intelligence collection and analysis but also performed many activities inside Iraq in conjunction with the <a href="/wiki/Directorate_of_General_Security" title="Directorate of General Security">Directorate of General Security</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Secret_police" title="Secret police">secret police</a> organization. </p><p>The most important section of the IIS was Directorate 4: the Secret Service. One of the well known Directors was <a href="/wiki/Rafi_Daham_al-Tikriti" title="Rafi Daham al-Tikriti">Rafi Daham al-Tikriti</a> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">رافع دحام مجول التكريتي</span>) the former Iraqi Ambassador to Turkey and the last Chief of the Iraqi Intelligence Service. The Secret Service was tasked with infiltrating both foreign and domestic governments, unions, embassies, and opposition groups. IIS often worked closely with the <a href="/wiki/Iraqi_General_Security_Directorate" class="mw-redirect" title="Iraqi General Security Directorate">Iraqi General Security Directorate</a> (the Iraqi equivalent of the <a href="/wiki/FBI" class="mw-redirect" title="FBI">FBI</a>) when conducting domestic activities. </p><p>IIS is alleged to be responsible for a number of <a href="/wiki/Assassination" title="Assassination">assassinations</a> and attempted assassinations abroad. These include the assassinations of former Iraqi prime minister <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Razzaq_an-Naif" title="Abdul Razzaq an-Naif">Abdul Razzaq an-Naif</a> in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> (July 1978), <a href="/wiki/Salih_Mahdi_Ammash" title="Salih Mahdi Ammash">Salih Mahdi Ammash</a> in <a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a> (January 1985), <a href="/wiki/Sheikh" title="Sheikh">Sheikh</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Talib_al-Suhail_al-Tamimi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Talib al-Suhail al-Tamimi (page does not exist)">Talib al-Suhail al-Tamimi</a> in <a href="/wiki/Beirut" title="Beirut">Beirut</a> (April 1994), <a href="/wiki/Ayatollah" title="Ayatollah">Ayatollah</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehdi_al-Hakim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehdi al-Hakim (page does not exist)">Mehdi al-Hakim</a> in <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a> (January 1988) and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dr._Ayad_Habashi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dr. Ayad Habashi (page does not exist)">Ayad Habashi</a> in <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a> (October 1986),<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2007)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> as well as the attempted assassinations of President <a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a>, the <a href="/wiki/List_of_emirs_of_Kuwait" title="List of emirs of Kuwait">Emir of Kuwait</a><sup id="cite_ref-refB_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-refB-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the former Iraqi Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Ayad_Allawi" title="Ayad Allawi">Ayad Allawi</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structure">Structure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iraqi_Intelligence_Service&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Iraqi_Intelligence_Service_organization.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Iraqi_Intelligence_Service_organization.jpg/350px-Iraqi_Intelligence_Service_organization.jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="249" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Iraqi_Intelligence_Service_organization.jpg/525px-Iraqi_Intelligence_Service_organization.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9d/Iraqi_Intelligence_Service_organization.jpg 2x" data-file-width="576" data-file-height="409" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>IIS was organized as a number of <a href="/wiki/Government_agency" title="Government agency">Bureaus</a> which oversaw the individual directorates. The following list gives the directorates divided by bureau, and a brief description of the directorate:<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Political_Bureau">Political Bureau</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iraqi_Intelligence_Service&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Political Bureau"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>Directorate 4 – Secret Service</b></li></ul> <dl><dd>Located inside the <a href="/wiki/Headquarters" title="Headquarters">headquarters</a> of the IIS, Directorate 4's activities took place in both Iraq and abroad, with <a href="/wiki/Espionage" title="Espionage">agents</a> infiltrated within Iraqi <a href="/wiki/Government" title="Government">government</a> departments, the <a href="/wiki/Ba%27ath_Party" title="Ba'ath Party">Ba'ath Party</a>, <a href="/wiki/Voluntary_association" title="Voluntary association">associations</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trade_union" title="Trade union">unions</a> and <a href="/wiki/Organizations" class="mw-redirect" title="Organizations">organizations</a>, Iraqi <a href="/wiki/Embassies" class="mw-redirect" title="Embassies">embassies</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Opposition_party" class="mw-redirect" title="Opposition party">opposition parties</a>. In addition, the Secret Service received information from the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Al_Hadi_Project&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al Hadi Project (page does not exist)">Al Hadi Project</a>. The directorate included a number of <a href="/wiki/Office" title="Office">offices</a> responsible for the collection of information about a specific country or region. These offices included areas for <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Americas" title="Americas">America</a> (North and South), <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arab_states" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab states">Arab states</a>, <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Former_Soviet_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Former Soviet Union">former Soviet Union</a>. Directorate 4 worked in <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/coordination" class="extiw" title="wikt:coordination">coordination</a> with Directorates 3, 5, 9, 12, 14 and 18. The last director of Directorate 4 was <a href="/wiki/Brigadier_General" class="mw-redirect" title="Brigadier General">BG</a> Mohammed Yasin Al Shammari from <a href="/wiki/Mosul" title="Mosul">Mosul</a>.</dd></dl> <ul><li><b>Directorate 8 – Technical Affairs</b></li></ul> <dl><dd>Located in the headquarters of the ISS, Directorate 8 was responsible for the <a href="/wiki/Fingerprinting" class="mw-redirect" title="Fingerprinting">fingerprinting</a> of all IIS employees and the development of materials needed for <a href="/wiki/Covert" class="mw-redirect" title="Covert">covert</a> offensive <a href="/wiki/Military_operation" title="Military operation">operations</a>. These included <a href="/wiki/Weapons" class="mw-redirect" title="Weapons">weapons</a>, <a href="/wiki/Explosives" class="mw-redirect" title="Explosives">explosives</a> and <a href="/wiki/Poisons" class="mw-redirect" title="Poisons">poisons</a>. Directorate 8 also assembled <a href="/wiki/Camera" title="Camera">cameras</a>, <a href="/wiki/Telecommunication" class="mw-redirect" title="Telecommunication">communications</a> equipment and employed many <a href="/wiki/Engineers" class="mw-redirect" title="Engineers">engineers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Scientists" class="mw-redirect" title="Scientists">scientists</a> with advanced degrees. The last director of Directorate 8 was Mohammed al-Masri, who was of <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egyptian</a> origin.</dd></dl> <ul><li><b>Directorate 9 – Secret Operations</b></li></ul> <dl><dd>One of the most important directorates within the IIS. Directorate 9's work was mostly outside Iraq in <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/coordination" class="extiw" title="wikt:coordination">coordination</a> with Directorates 5, 12, 14 and 18, focusing on operations of <a href="/wiki/Sabotage" title="Sabotage">sabotage</a> and assassination. The last director of Directorate 9 was <a href="/wiki/Major_General" class="mw-redirect" title="Major General">MG</a> Abdul Hameed Khalaf al-Bayati, with BG Hussain Abdul Khaliq ad-Douri, from Dour as his Assistant Director.</dd></dl> <ul><li><b>Directorate 12 – Electronic Surveillance</b></li></ul> <dl><dd>Responsible for the planting, monitoring, and analyzing <a href="/wiki/Video" title="Video">video</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sound" title="Sound">audio</a> <a href="/wiki/Surveillance" title="Surveillance">surveillance</a> <a href="/wiki/Electronic_component" title="Electronic component">devices</a> within the IIS. Also partially responsible for the <a href="/wiki/Forging" title="Forging">forging</a> of <a href="/wiki/Currency" title="Currency">currency</a>.</dd></dl> <ul><li><b>Directorate 17 – National Security Institute</b></li></ul> <dl><dd>Responsible for the <a href="/wiki/Training" title="Training">training</a> of IIS officers. Located in the Jihad district (possibly at <a href="/wiki/Abu_Ghraib" title="Abu Ghraib">Abu Ghraib</a> in the western <a href="/wiki/Suburbs" class="mw-redirect" title="Suburbs">suburbs</a> of <a href="/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad">Baghdad</a>), it contained full living quarters and a <a href="/wiki/Supermarket" title="Supermarket">supermarket</a>. High-school graduates undertook a three-year course, and <a href="/wiki/College" title="College">college</a> <a href="/wiki/Alumnus" class="mw-redirect" title="Alumnus">graduates</a> an 18-month <a href="/wiki/Course_of_study" class="mw-redirect" title="Course of study">course</a> prior to entering the <a href="/wiki/Intelligence_service" class="mw-redirect" title="Intelligence service">intelligence service</a> as <a href="/wiki/Junior_officer" title="Junior officer">junior officers</a>.</dd></dl> <ul><li><b>Planning Office</b></li></ul> <dl><dd>Responsible for collecting and analyzing <a href="/wiki/Information" title="Information">information</a> from around the world, including open sources such as <a href="/wiki/Radio" title="Radio">radio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Satellite_TV" class="mw-redirect" title="Satellite TV">satellite TV</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Newspapers" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers">newspapers</a>.</dd></dl> <ul><li><b>Propaganda Office</b></li></ul> <dl><dd>Responsible for conducting <a href="/wiki/Psychological_warfare" title="Psychological warfare">psychological warfare</a> operations, including the dissemination of false information.</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Special_Bureau">Special Bureau</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iraqi_Intelligence_Service&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Special Bureau"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>Directorate 5 – Counter-Intelligence</b></li></ul> <dl><dd>Responsible for the detection and neutralization of foreign intelligence agents, with a particular focus on <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syrian</a> infiltrators. Directorate 5 works in conjunction with Directorates 3, 4, 14 and 18. Undated sources name BG Sadoon Ali al-Tikriti, from Auja as director of Directorate 5, and <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Colonel" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieutenant Colonel">LTC</a> Ahmed Lahij ad-Dulaimi as Assistant Director.</dd></dl> <ul><li><b>Directorate 6 – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mukhabarat_Security&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mukhabarat Security (page does not exist)">Mukhabarat Security</a></b></li></ul> <dl><dd>Responsible for the conduct of officers and other members of the IIS. Directorate 6 was responsible for the issuing of papers, <a href="/wiki/Passports" class="mw-redirect" title="Passports">passports</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Marriage" title="Marriage">marriage</a> sanctions for all ISS employees. The last director of Directorate 6 was MG Abdul Hameed Yasin al-Ghurairi, with <a href="/wiki/Colonel" title="Colonel">COL</a> Ibrahim al-`Aani as his Assistant.</dd></dl> <ul><li><b>Directorate 7 – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Al_Haakimiya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al Haakimiya (page does not exist)">Al Haakimiya</a></b></li></ul> <dl><dd>The primary <a href="/wiki/Interrogation" title="Interrogation">interrogation</a> center of the ISS was Al Haakimiya, located opposite the Passport Office on 52nd Street.</dd></dl> <ul><li><b>Directorate 19 – Personnel Supervision</b></li></ul> <dl><dd>Responsible for surveillance of IIS employees.</dd></dl> <ul><li><b>Directorate 22 – Protection</b></li></ul> <dl><dd>Responsible for personal protection of senior IIS officials and visiting dignitaries.</dd></dl> <ul><li><b>Office 16</b></li></ul> <dl><dd>Uncertain designation. Conducted training of agents for the <a href="/wiki/Clandestine_operation" title="Clandestine operation">Clandestine operations</a> abroad.</dd></dl> <ul><li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brigade_of_Mukhabarat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brigade of Mukhabarat (page does not exist)">Brigade of Mukhabarat</a></b></li></ul> <dl><dd>Rapid <a href="/wiki/Offensive_(military)" title="Offensive (military)">intervention</a> force of the IIS, armed with light and semi-heavy weapons.</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iraqi_Intelligence_Service&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following an unsuccessful assassination attempt by the <a href="/wiki/Ba%27ath_Party" title="Ba'ath Party">Ba'ath Party</a> on Iraq's ruler <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Karim_Qasim" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdul Karim Qasim">Abdul Karim Qasim</a> in October 1959, <a href="/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein">Saddam Hussein</a> was placed in charge of <i><b>Jihaz al Khas</b></i> (Special Apparatus), sometime between 1964 and 1966. Codenamed <i><b>Jihaz al-Haneen</b></i> (Instrument of Yearning), the organisation concentrated on security and intelligence work. </p><p>After the <a href="/wiki/Ba%27ath_Party" title="Ba'ath Party">Ba'ath Party</a> seized power on 17 July 1968, Saddam expanded the Special Apparatus and took control of the <i>Amn</i> (<a href="/wiki/Directorate_of_General_Security" title="Directorate of General Security">State Internal Security Department</a>). </p><p>Following the failed <a href="/wiki/Coup" class="mw-redirect" title="Coup">coup</a> attempt led by Director of Internal Security <a href="/wiki/Nadhim_Kzar" title="Nadhim Kzar">Nadhim Kzar</a> in 1973, <i>Jihaz</i> was transformed into <i><b>Da'irat al Mukhabarat al Amah</b></i> (The General Intelligence Department or the GID). </p><p>In 1983, under the leadership of <a href="/wiki/Barzan_Ibrahim_al-Tikriti" title="Barzan Ibrahim al-Tikriti">Barzan Ibrahim al-Tikriti</a>, the GID organized the <a href="/wiki/Dujail_Massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Dujail Massacre">massacres of the villagers of Dujail</a> and Jezan Al Chol, the disappearance of the <a href="/wiki/Barzani_Kurds" class="mw-redirect" title="Barzani Kurds">Barzanis</a> from the Qushtapa camp, and the assassination of 18 members of <a href="/wiki/Ayatollah" title="Ayatollah">Ayatollah</a> <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Baqir_al-Hakim" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohammed Baqir al-Hakim">Mohammed Baqir al-Hakim</a>'s family. </p><p>As a result of the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_War" title="Gulf War">Gulf War</a> (1991), the department dealing with external affairs was reduced to less than half of its pre-1990 size, while the department dealing with internal affairs was enlarged to deal with increasing anti-Saddam activities within Iraq. </p><p>On 13 April 1993, the IIS planned and executed an assassination attempt against former US President <a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Emir" title="Emir">Emir</a> of <a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a> through the use of a large <a href="/wiki/Car_bomb" title="Car bomb">car bomb</a> driven by two Iraqis.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However the plan was foiled and Kuwaiti officials arrested 16 persons suspected of carrying out the plot after a car bomb was found. Two Iraqi nationals, during the FBI interviews in Kuwait, admitted to attempting to carry out an attack under direction of the IIS. On 26 June of that year, in response to an attempted assassination by IIS on former US President George H. W. Bush, US President <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a><sup id="cite_ref-refB_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-refB-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ordered two U.S. warships, namely <a href="/wiki/USS_Peterson_(DD-969)" title="USS Peterson (DD-969)">USS Peterson</a> and <a href="/wiki/USS_Chancellorsville_(CG-62)" class="mw-redirect" title="USS Chancellorsville (CG-62)">USS Chancellorsville</a>, to <a href="/wiki/Cruise_missile_strikes_on_Iraq_(June_1993)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cruise missile strikes on Iraq (June 1993)">fire Tomahawk cruise missiles</a> on the IIS principal command and control complex in Baghdad.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 16 of the 23 missiles hit their target; three struck a residential area, killing nine civilians and wounding 12. Four of the missiles were unaccounted for. </p><p>In June 1995, Saddam Hussein dismissed his stepbrother <a href="/wiki/Sabawi_Ibrahim_al-Tikriti" title="Sabawi Ibrahim al-Tikriti">Sabawi Ibrahim al-Tikriti</a> from his role as head of the IIS, due to his failure to increase domestic security within Iraq. <a href="/wiki/Brigadier_General" class="mw-redirect" title="Brigadier General">Brigadier General</a> <a href="/wiki/Ali_Hasan_al-Majid" class="mw-redirect" title="Ali Hasan al-Majid">Ali Hasan al-Majid</a> was named as his successor. </p><p>The IIS was officially dissolved on 23 May 2003 by the Administrator of the <a href="/wiki/Coalition_Provisional_Authority" title="Coalition Provisional Authority">Coalition Provisional Authority</a> of Iraq, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Bremer" title="Paul Bremer">L. Paul Bremer</a>, per <a href="/wiki/Coalition_Provisional_Authority_Order_Number_2" class="mw-redirect" title="Coalition Provisional Authority Order Number 2">CPA Order Number 2</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Directors">Directors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iraqi_Intelligence_Service&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Directors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nadhim_Kazar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nadhim Kazar (page does not exist)">Nadhim Kazar</a> (1969–1973)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sadun_Shakir_Mahmud_al-Tikriti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sadun Shakir Mahmud al-Tikriti (page does not exist)">Sadun Shakir Mahmud al-Tikriti</a> (1973–1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barzan_Ibrahim_al-Tikriti" title="Barzan Ibrahim al-Tikriti">Barzan Ibrahim Hassan al-Tikriti</a> (1977–1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hussein_Kamel_al-Majid" title="Hussein Kamel al-Majid">Hussein Kamel Hassan al-Majid</a> (1983–1984)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fadhil_al-Barraq_Hussein_al-Tikriti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fadhil al-Barraq Hussein al-Tikriti (page does not exist)">Fadhil al-Barraq Hussein al-Tikriti</a> (1984–1989)<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabawi_Ibrahim_al-Tikriti" title="Sabawi Ibrahim al-Tikriti">Sabawi Ibrahim al-Tikriti</a> (1989–1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahir_Jalil_Habbush" title="Tahir Jalil Habbush">Tahir Jalil Habbush</a> (1995–2003)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iraqi_Intelligence_Service&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barzan_al-Tikriti" class="mw-redirect" title="Barzan al-Tikriti">Barzan al-Tikriti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Iraq" title="Law enforcement in Iraq">Law enforcement in Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Directorate_of_General_Security" title="Directorate of General Security">Directorate of General Security</a> – former internal Iraqi security agency</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Directorate_of_General_Military_Intelligence" title="Directorate of General Military Intelligence">Directorate of General Military Intelligence</a> – former Iraqi military intelligence agency</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Special_Security_Organization" title="Iraqi Special Security Organization">Iraqi Special Security Organization</a> – former security agency responsible for security of VIPs</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_National_Intelligence_Service" title="Iraqi National Intelligence Service">Iraqi National Intelligence Service</a> – successor intelligence agency</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iraqi_Intelligence_Service&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-refB-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-refB_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-refB_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/inatl/longterm/iraq/timeline/062793.htm">"U.S. Strikes Iraq for Plot to Kill Bush"</a>, <i>The Washington Post</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Schram, Jamie (October 12, 2016) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nypost.com/2016/10/12/inside-saddam-husseins-secret-nyc-torture-chamber/">"Saddam Hussein Had A Secret Torture Chamber In NYC"</a>, <i>New York Post</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fas.org/irp/agency/doj/oig/fbilab1/05bush2.htm">"The Bush assassination attempt"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice" title="United States Department of Justice">Department of Justice</a>/<a href="/wiki/FBI_Laboratory" title="FBI Laboratory">FBI Laboratory</a> report<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-05-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Bush+assassination+attempt&rft.pub=Department+of+Justice%2FFBI+Laboratory+report&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fas.org%2Firp%2Fagency%2Fdoj%2Foig%2Ffbilab1%2F05bush2.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIraqi+Intelligence+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVon_DrehleSmith1993" class="citation news cs1">Von Drehle, David & Smith, R. Jeffrey (Jun 27, 1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/inatl/longterm/iraq/timeline/062793.htm">"U.S. Strikes Iraq for Plot to Kill Bush"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-02-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=U.S.+Strikes+Iraq+for+Plot+to+Kill+Bush&rft.date=1993-06-27&rft.aulast=Von+Drehle&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=Smith%2C+R.+Jeffrey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-srv%2Finatl%2Flongterm%2Firaq%2Ftimeline%2F062793.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIraqi+Intelligence+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIbrahim2023" class="citation web cs1">Ibrahim, Arwa (20 March 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/3/20/the-iraq-war-twenty-years-on">"20 years on, was removing Saddam Hussein worth the war in Iraq?"</a>. <i>Al Jazeera</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=20+years+on%2C+was+removing+Saddam+Hussein+worth+the+war+in+Iraq%3F&rft.date=2023-03-20&rft.aulast=Ibrahim&rft.aufirst=Arwa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2023%2F3%2F20%2Fthe-iraq-war-twenty-years-on&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIraqi+Intelligence+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kanan Makiya, Samīr al-Halīl. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ra8wDwAAQBAJ&dq=Fadhil+al-Barak+Mukhabarat+1984&pg=PA16">Republic of Fear: The Politics of Modern Iraq</a>", Updated Edition, (1998), p. 16.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iraqi_Intelligence_Service&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.globalsecurity.org/intell/world/iraq/mukhabarat.htm">Iraqi Intelligence Service</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050308120516/http://www.iraqinews.com/org_mukhabaratt_iraqi_intelligence_services.shtml">Jihaz al-Mukhabarat al-Amma</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050306022942/http://www.cvni.net/radio/nsnl/nsnl9iraq.html">Agency profile: Iraqi intelligence</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060610025021/http://fmso.leavenworth.army.mil/documents-docex/Iraq/Released-20060314/CMPC-2003-006430.pdf">US Army Foreign Military Studies Office Document</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/library/news/iraq/1998/iisstructure.htm">Structure of the IIS</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hnn.us/articles/1000.html">How Do We Know that Iraq Tried to Assassinate President George H.W. Bush?</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.commondreams.org/headlines04/1019-05.htm"><i>So, Did Saddam Hussein Try to Kill Bush's Dad?</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120810192856/http://www.dod.mil/pubs/foi/operation_and_plans/GlobalWarOnTerrorism/12-F-0763%20PUBLIC%20AFFAIRS%20GUIDANCE%20U.S.%20ACTION%20AGAINST%20IRAQ.pdf">Declassified Department of Defense document on U.S action against Iraq</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Iraqi_Intelligence_Service&oldid=1263403340">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Iraqi_Intelligence_Service&oldid=1263403340</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Defunct_Iraqi_intelligence_agencies" title="Category:Defunct Iraqi intelligence agencies">Defunct Iraqi intelligence agencies</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Government_agencies_disestablished_in_2003" title="Category:Government agencies disestablished in 2003">Government agencies disestablished in 2003</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Organizations_of_the_1991_Iraqi_uprisings" title="Category:Organizations of the 1991 Iraqi uprisings">Organizations of the 1991 Iraqi uprisings</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Secret_police" title="Category:Secret police">Secret police</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Organizations_based_in_Baghdad" title="Category:Organizations based in Baghdad">Organizations based in Baghdad</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Iraqi_Intelligence_Service" title="Category:Iraqi Intelligence Service">Iraqi Intelligence Service</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2003_disestablishments_in_Iraq" title="Category:2003 disestablishments in Iraq">2003 disestablishments in Iraq</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_gadget_WikiMiniAtlas" title="Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas">Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_November_2023" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from November 2023">Articles needing additional references from November 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references" title="Category:All articles needing additional references">All articles needing additional references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Coordinates_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Coordinates on Wikidata">Coordinates on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Arabic-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Arabic-language text">Articles containing Arabic-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_February_2007" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from February 2007">Articles with unsourced statements from February 2007</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_November_2023" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from November 2023">Articles with unsourced statements from November 2023</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 16 December 2024, at 13:38<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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