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class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Roman+Urdu" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" 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id="toc-Sample_texts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Zabu'r_23_Dáúd_ká_Mazmúr" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zabu'r_23_Dáúd_ká_Mazmúr"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Zabu'r 23 <i>Dáúd ká Mazmúr</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zabu'r_23_Dáúd_ká_Mazmúr-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Roman_Urdu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Roman_Urdu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.1</span> <span>Roman Urdu</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Roman_Urdu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nastaʿlīq_(Perso-Arabic)_Script" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nastaʿlīq_(Perso-Arabic)_Script"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.2</span> <span>Nastaʿlīq (Perso-Arabic) Script</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nastaʿlīq_(Perso-Arabic)_Script-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Devanāgarī_script" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Devanāgarī_script"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.3</span> <span>Devanāgarī script</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Devanāgarī_script-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Usage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Usage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Usage</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Usage-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Usage subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Usage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Christian_community_in_the_Indian_subcontinent" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Christian_community_in_the_Indian_subcontinent"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Christian community in the Indian subcontinent</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Christian_community_in_the_Indian_subcontinent-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Film_industry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Film_industry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Film industry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Film_industry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Internet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Internet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Internet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Internet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Romanization_schemes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Romanization_schemes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Romanization schemes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Romanization_schemes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Informal_Roman_Urdu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Informal_Roman_Urdu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Informal Roman Urdu</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Informal_Roman_Urdu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Footnotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Footnotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Footnotes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Footnotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> 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class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Urdu language written with the Latin script</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1092331828">@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .contains-special-characters{width:22em}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right contains-special-characters noprint selfref"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Urdu_example.svg/40px-Urdu_example.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Urdu_example.svg/60px-Urdu_example.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Urdu_example.svg/80px-Urdu_example.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="859" data-file-height="857" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><b>This article contains <a href="/wiki/Urdu_alphabet" title="Urdu alphabet">Urdu text</a>.</b> Without proper <a href="/wiki/Help:Arabic" title="Help:Arabic">rendering support</a>, you may see unjoined letters running left to right or other symbols instead of <a href="/wiki/Urdu_alphabet" title="Urdu alphabet">Urdu script</a>.</div></div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Urdish" title="Urdish">Urdish</a>.</div> <p><b>Roman Urdu</b> is the name used for the <a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a> language written with the <a href="/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script">Latin script</a>, also known as Roman script. </p><p>According to the Urdu scholar Habib R. Sulemani: "Roman Urdu is strongly opposed by the traditional <a href="/wiki/Arabic_alphabet" title="Arabic alphabet">Arabic script</a> lovers. Despite this opposition it is still used by most on the internet and computers due to limitations of most technologies as they do not have the Urdu script. Although, this script is under development and thus the net users are using the Roman script in their own ways. Popular websites like <a href="/wiki/Jang_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Jang Group">Jang Group</a> have devised their own schemes for Roman Urdu. This is of great advantage for those who are not able to read the Arabic script. MSN, Yahoo and some desi-chat-rooms are working as laboratories for the evolving new script and language (Roman Urdu)."<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Romanized Urdu is mutually intelligible with <a href="/wiki/Romanized_Hindi" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanized Hindi">Romanized Hindi</a> in informal contexts, unlike Urdu written in the <a href="/wiki/Urdu_alphabet" title="Urdu alphabet">Urdu alphabet</a> and Hindi in <a href="/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari">Devanagari</a>. Multinational corporations often use it as a cost effective method for printing and advertising in order to market their products in both Pakistan and India. </p><p>Although the idea of romanising Urdu had been suggested several times, it was General <a href="/wiki/Ayub_Khan_(Field_Marshal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ayub Khan (Field Marshal)">Ayub Khan</a> who most seriously suggested adopting the Latin alphabet for Urdu and all Pakistani languages during his rule of the country.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The suggestion was inspired to an extent by <a href="/wiki/Atat%C3%BCrk%27s_Reforms#Modenization" class="mw-redirect" title="Atatürk's Reforms">Mustafa Kemal Atatürk's adoption of the Latin alphabet for Turkish</a> in <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>. </p><p>In India, where the Devanagari script is used, Roman Urdu was widely used in the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Army" title="Indian Army">Indian Army</a>, as well as in Christian mission schools, especially for translations of the Bible.<sup id="cite_ref-Fārūqī2001_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fārūqī2001-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Hunterian_transliteration" title="Hunterian transliteration">Hunterian transliteration</a> system mostly avoids diacritics and non-standard characters. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sample_texts">Sample texts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roman_Urdu&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Sample texts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Zabu'r_23_Dáúd_ká_Mazmúr"><span id="Zabu.27r_23_D.C3.A1.C3.BAd_k.C3.A1_Mazm.C3.BAr"></span>Zabu'r 23 <i>Dáúd ká Mazmúr</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roman_Urdu&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Zabu'r 23 Dáúd ká Mazmúr"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1092331828"><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right contains-special-characters noprint selfref"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Example.of.complex.text.rendering.svg/40px-Example.of.complex.text.rendering.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Example.of.complex.text.rendering.svg/60px-Example.of.complex.text.rendering.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Example.of.complex.text.rendering.svg/80px-Example.of.complex.text.rendering.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="58" data-file-height="28" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><b>This section contains <a href="/wiki/Brahmic_scripts" title="Brahmic scripts">Indic text</a>.</b> Without proper <a href="/wiki/Help:Multilingual_support_(Indic)" title="Help:Multilingual support (Indic)">rendering support</a>, you may see <a href="/wiki/Mojibake" title="Mojibake">question marks or boxes</a>, misplaced vowels or missing conjuncts instead of Indic text.</div></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Roman_Urdu">Roman Urdu</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roman_Urdu&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Roman Urdu"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Urdu Bible </p> <blockquote> <p><sup>1</sup><b>Khudáwand</b> merá chaupán hai; mujhe kamí na hogí. <br /> <sup>2</sup>Wuh mujhe harí harí charágáhoṉ meṉ bithátá hai: Wuh mujhe ráhat ke chashmoṉ ke pás le játá hai.<br /> <sup>3</sup>Wuh merí ján bahál kartá hai: Wuh mujhe apne nám kí khátir sadáqat kí ráhon par le chaltá hai. <br /> <sup>4</sup>Balki khwáh maut ke sáye kí wádí meṉ se merá guzar ho, Maiṉ kisí balá se nahíṉ darúṉgá; kyúnkṉki tú mere sáth hai: Tere 'asá aur terí láthí se mujhe tasallí hai. <br /> <sup>5</sup>Tú mere dushmanoṉ ke rúbarú mere áge dastarkhwán bichhátá hai: Tú ne mere sir par tel malá hai, merá piyála labrez hotá hai. <br /> <sup>6</sup>Yaqínan bhalái aur rahmat 'umr bhar mere sáth sáth raheṉgí: Aur maiṉ hamesha <b>Khudáwand</b> ke ghar meṉ sukúnat karúṉgá.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>(<a href="/wiki/Holy_Bible" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy Bible">Kita'b I Muqaddas</a></b>: <b><a href="/wiki/Psalm_23" title="Psalm 23">Zabu'r 23</a></b> az <b><a href="/wiki/David" title="David">Dáúd</a>)</b> </p> </blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Nastaʿlīq_(Perso-Arabic)_Script"><span id="Nasta.CA.BFl.C4.ABq_.28Perso-Arabic.29_Script"></span>Nastaʿlīq (Perso-Arabic) Script</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roman_Urdu&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Nastaʿlīq (Perso-Arabic) Script"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <blockquote style="text-align:right"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;"><sup>۱</sup><b>خداوند</b> میرا چوپان ہے؛ مجھے کمی نہ ہوگی۔<br /> <p><sup>۲</sup>وہ مجھے ہری ہری چراگاہوں میں بٹھاتا ہے: وہ مجھے راحت کے چشموں کے پاس لے جاتا ہے۔<br /> <sup>۳</sup>وہ میری جان بحال کرتا ہے: وہ مجھے اپنے نام کی خاطر صداقت کی راہوں پر لے چلتا ہے۔<br /> <sup>۴</sup>بلکہ خواہ موت کے سایے کی وادی میں سے میرا گزر ہو، میں کسی بلا سے نہیں ڈروں گا؛ کیونکہ تو میرے ساتھ ہے: تیرے عصا اور تیری لاٹھی سے مجھے تسلی ہے۔<br /> <sup>۵</sup>تو میرے دشمنوں کے روبرو میرے آگے دسترخوان بچھاتا ہے: تو نے میرے سر پر تیل ملا ہے، میرا پیالہ لبریز ہوتا ہے۔<br /> <sup>۶</sup>یقیناً بھلائی اور رحمت عمر بھر میرے ساتھ ساتھ رہیں گی: اور میں ہمیشہ <b>خداوند</b> کے گھر میں سکونت کروں گا۔ </p><p><b>(کتاب مقدس کے زبور</b> <big>۲۳</big> <b>از داؤد)</b> </p> </span></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Devanāgarī_script"><span id="Devan.C4.81gar.C4.AB_script"></span>Devanāgarī script</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roman_Urdu&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Devanāgarī script"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <blockquote> <p><sup>१</sup> <span title="Hindi-language text"><span lang="hi"><b>ख़ुदावन्द</b> मेरा चौपान है; मुझे कमी ना होगी.</span></span> <br /> <sup>२</sup> <span title="Hindi-language text"><span lang="hi">वो मुझे हरी हरी चरागाहों में बिठाता है. वो मुझे राहत के चश्मों के पास ले जाता है.</span></span> <br /> <sup>३</sup> <span title="Hindi-language text"><span lang="hi">वो मेरी जान बहाल करता है. वो मुझे अपने नाम की ख़ातिर सदाक़त की राहों पर ले चलता है.</span></span> <br /> <sup>४</sup> <span title="Hindi-language text"><span lang="hi">बलके ख़्वाह मौत के साये की वादी में से मेरा गुज़र हो, मैं किसी बला से नहीं ड़रूंगा; क्योंके तू मेरे साथ है. तेरे असा और तेरी लाठी से मुझे तसल्ली है.</span></span> <br /> <sup>५</sup> <span title="Hindi-language text"><span lang="hi">तू मेरे दुश्मनों के रूबरू मेरे आगे दस्तर-ख़्वान बिछाता है. तू ने मेरे सर पर तेल मला है, मेरा पियाला लबरेज़ होता है.</span></span> <br /> <sup>६</sup> <span title="Hindi-language text"><span lang="hi">यक़ीनन भलाई और रहेमत उम्र-भर मेरे साथ साथ रहेंगी. और मैं हमेशा ख़ुदावन्द के घर में सुकूनत करूंगा.</span></span> </p><p><b>(<span title="Hindi-language text"><span lang="hi">किताब-ए मुक़द्दस के ज़बूर</span></span></b> <big>२३</big> <b><span title="Hindi-language text"><span lang="hi">अज़ दाऊद</span></span>)</b> </p> </blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Usage">Usage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roman_Urdu&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Usage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Christian_community_in_the_Indian_subcontinent">Christian community in the Indian subcontinent</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roman_Urdu&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Christian community in the Indian subcontinent"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Bible_translations_into_Hindi_and_Urdu" title="Bible translations into Hindi and Urdu">Bible translations into Hindi and Urdu</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Roman_Urdu_Bible.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/bf/Roman_Urdu_Bible.JPG/150px-Roman_Urdu_Bible.JPG" decoding="async" width="150" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/bf/Roman_Urdu_Bible.JPG/225px-Roman_Urdu_Bible.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/bf/Roman_Urdu_Bible.JPG/300px-Roman_Urdu_Bible.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1632" data-file-height="1232" /></a><figcaption>Roman Urdu Bibles are used by many Christians from the South Asian subcontinent</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a> was the dominant native language among Christians of <a href="/wiki/Karachi" title="Karachi">Karachi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh">Uttar Pradesh</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Rajasthan" title="Rajasthan">Rajasthan</a> in the 20th century and is still used today by some people in these states. Pakistani and Indian Christians often used the Roman script for writing Urdu. The Bible Society of India publishes Roman Urdu <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bibles</a>, which enjoyed sale late into the 1960s (though they are still published today). Church songbooks are also common in Roman Urdu. However, its usage in Christian contexts is declining in India with the wider use of <a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a> and <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> in the states. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Film_industry">Film industry</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roman_Urdu&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Film industry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Bollywood" class="mw-redirect" title="Bollywood">Bollywood</a>, India's major film industry, uses a version of Roman script as the main script for its film titles. This is because Bollywood films have an appeal for viewers across <a href="/wiki/South_Asia" title="South Asia">South Asia</a> and even in the <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Krishnamurthy2013_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Krishnamurthy2013-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Devan%C4%81gar%C4%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Devanāgarī">Devanāgarī</a> script is used mostly by Hindi speakers while the <a href="/wiki/Perso-Arabic_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Perso-Arabic script">Perso-Arabic script</a> is used primarily by Urdu speakers. The language used in Bollywood films is often called Hindi, but most dialogues are actually written in <a href="/wiki/Hindustani_language" title="Hindustani language">Hindustani</a>—they can be understood by Urdu and Hindi speakers alike. Because the film industry wants to reach the largest possible audience, just using the <a href="/wiki/Devan%C4%81gar%C4%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Devanāgarī">Devanāgarī</a> or <a href="/wiki/Perso-Arabic_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Perso-Arabic script">Perso-Arabic script</a> would be unfavorable for the Bollywood industry as few individuals are literate in both scripts. For this reason, the neutral <a href="/wiki/Roman_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman alphabet">Roman</a> script is used for <a href="/wiki/Bollywood" class="mw-redirect" title="Bollywood">Bollywood</a> film titles, though some films include the Hindi and Urdu scripts as well.<sup id="cite_ref-Dwyer2006_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dwyer2006-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The similar circumstances are also applied with Pakistan's <a href="/wiki/Lollywood" title="Lollywood">Lollywood</a> filming industry, where, along with the Urdu name or title of the movie, a Roman Urdu title is always provided for viewers. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Internet">Internet</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roman_Urdu&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Internet"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Roman Urdu used on the <a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a> is non-standard and has irregular spelling. Users who use Roman Urdu on the Internet try to imitate <a href="/wiki/English_orthography" title="English orthography">English orthography</a>. In most cases they are unaware of the fact that <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> spelling is not always phonetic.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Romanization_schemes">Romanization schemes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roman_Urdu&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Romanization schemes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are several Romanization standards for writing <a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a> among them the most prominent are <a href="/wiki/Uddin_and_Begum_Urdu-Hindustani_Romanization" class="mw-redirect" title="Uddin and Begum Urdu-Hindustani Romanization">Uddin and Begum Urdu-Hindustani Romanization</a>, <a href="/wiki/ALA-LC_romanization" title="ALA-LC romanization">ALA-LC romanization</a> and <a href="/wiki/ArabTeX" title="ArabTeX">ArabTeX</a>. </p><p>There are two main problems with existing Roman Urdu schemes. Either they are not reversible to <a href="/wiki/Urdu_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Urdu script">Urdu script</a> or they do not allow pronouncing the Urdu words properly. Another shortcoming is that a lot of Roman Urdu schemes confuse the Urdu letter 'Choti He' which has the sound of <a href="/wiki/Voiceless_glottal_fricative" title="Voiceless glottal fricative">voiceless glottal fricative</a> with 'Do Chasham He' which is used as a <a href="/wiki/Digraph_(orthography)" title="Digraph (orthography)">digraph</a> for <a href="/wiki/Aspirated_consonant" title="Aspirated consonant">aspirated consonants</a> in Urdu script. The digraphs "Sh" for letter Shin and "Zh" for letter Zhe also cause problems as they could be interpreted as the letter Sin and 'Choti He' or letter Ze and 'Choti He' respectively. Most Roman Urdu schemes also do not take much consideration of Urdu orthography and the spelling system. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Informal_Roman_Urdu">Informal Roman Urdu</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roman_Urdu&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Informal Roman Urdu"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right noprint selfref"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">This article contains <b><a href="/wiki/Phonetic_transcription" title="Phonetic transcription">phonetic transcriptions</a> in the <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">International Phonetic Alphabet</a> (IPA)</b>. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">Help:IPA</a>. For the distinction between <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ ]</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ /</span> and ⟨<span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"> </span>⟩, see <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet#Brackets_and_transcription_delimiters" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters</a>.</div></div> </div> <p>The system of Romanisation used most often by native speakers differs from the formal systems presented in most English language sources. It contains no diacritics or special characters, usually just the 26 letters of the core English alphabet. Informal Romanised Urdu is mutually intelligible with <a href="/wiki/Devanagari_transliteration" title="Devanagari transliteration">Romanised Hindi</a> and the distinction between the languages can be <a href="/wiki/Hindi_Urdu_controversy" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindi Urdu controversy">controversial</a>. </p><p>While the <a href="/wiki/Urdu_alphabet" title="Urdu alphabet">Urdu alphabet</a> is derived from the <a href="/wiki/Arabic_alphabet" title="Arabic alphabet">Arabic alphabet</a> informal Romanised Urdu is less eccentric than <a href="/wiki/Arabic_chat_alphabet" title="Arabic chat alphabet">informal Romanised Arabic</a>. Informal Romanised Urdu does not use numerals, and rarely uses mixed case, because the Arabic letters that lack a clear equivalent in the English Latin alphabet (e.g. <span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">ء ع ذ ص ض ط ظ</span></span>) are often silent in Urdu or pronounced identically to <a href="/wiki/Urdu_alphabet" title="Urdu alphabet">other letters</a> (e.g. <span title="Urdu-language text"><span lang="ur" dir="rtl">ت س ز</span></span>). So, this system of Urdu Romanisation is used in some slightly more formal contexts than <a href="/wiki/Arabic_chat_alphabet" title="Arabic chat alphabet">informal Romanised Arabic</a>. </p><p>One example is the word <span title="Urdu-language text"><span lang="ur" dir="rtl"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">عورت</span></span></span>, <span title="Urdu-language romanization"><i lang="ur-Latn">ʿaurat</i></span>. Formal transliterations often include a punctuation mark (') or special character (ʻ) for the ayn <span title="Urdu-language text"><span lang="ur"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">ع</span></span></span> but this is omitted in informal romanization. Adding the special characters makes it harder to type and would cause things such as Twitter hashtags to break. The discussion on social media about these events is often in informal Romanised Urdu, with frequent <a href="/wiki/Code-switching" title="Code-switching">code-switching</a> between Urdu and English, but the handwritten or expertly typeset signs at the events are mostly in either English, Urdu in the traditional script, or local languages. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Urdu_Alphabet_Sheet.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Urdu_Alphabet_Sheet.png/220px-Urdu_Alphabet_Sheet.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="311" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Urdu_Alphabet_Sheet.png/330px-Urdu_Alphabet_Sheet.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Urdu_Alphabet_Sheet.png/440px-Urdu_Alphabet_Sheet.png 2x" data-file-width="595" data-file-height="842" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Letter</th> <th>Nasta‘liq</th> <th>Name of letter</th> <th>Informal transcription</th> <th><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Urdu-language text"><span lang="ur" dir="rtl">ا</span></span></td> <td><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;"> ا </span></td> <td><i>alif</i></td> <td>a</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/aː/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Urdu-language text"><span lang="ur" dir="rtl">ب</span></span></td> <td><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;"> ب </span></td> <td><i>be</i></td> <td>b</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/b/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Urdu-language text"><span lang="ur" dir="rtl">پ</span></span></td> <td><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;"> پ </span></td> <td><i>pe</i></td> <td>p</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/p/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Urdu-language text"><span lang="ur" dir="rtl">ت</span></span></td> <td><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;"> ت </span></td> <td><i>te</i></td> <td>t</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/t̪/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Urdu-language text"><span lang="ur" dir="rtl">ٹ</span></span></td> <td><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;"> ٹ </span></td> <td><i>ṭe</i></td> <td>t</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ʈ/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Urdu-language text"><span lang="ur" dir="rtl">ث</span></span></td> <td><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;"> ث </span></td> <td><i>se</i></td> <td>s</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/s/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Urdu-language text"><span lang="ur" dir="rtl">ج</span></span></td> <td><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;"> ج </span></td> <td><i>jīm</i></td> <td>j</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/d͡ʒ/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Urdu-language text"><span lang="ur" dir="rtl">چ</span></span></td> <td><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;"> چ </span></td> <td><i>ce</i></td> <td>ch</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/t͡ʃ/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Urdu-language text"><span lang="ur" dir="rtl">ح</span></span></td> <td><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;"> ح </span></td> <td><i>baṛī he</i></td> <td>h</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/h/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Urdu-language text"><span lang="ur" dir="rtl">خ</span></span></td> <td><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;"> خ </span></td> <td><i>k͟he</i></td> <td>kh</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/x/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Urdu-language text"><span lang="ur" dir="rtl">د</span></span></td> <td><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;"> د </span></td> <td><i>dāl</i></td> <td>d</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/d̪/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Urdu-language text"><span lang="ur" dir="rtl">ڈ</span></span></td> <td><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;"> ڈ </span></td> <td><i>ḍāl</i></td> <td>d</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɖ/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Urdu-language text"><span lang="ur" dir="rtl">ذ</span></span></td> <td><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;"> ذ </span></td> <td><i>zāl</i></td> <td>z</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/z/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Urdu-language text"><span lang="ur" dir="rtl">ر</span></span></td> <td><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;"> ر </span></td> <td><i>re</i></td> <td>r</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/r/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Urdu-language text"><span lang="ur" dir="rtl">ڑ</span></span></td> <td><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;"> ڑ </span></td> <td><i>ṛe</i></td> <td>ṛ</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɽ/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Urdu-language text"><span lang="ur" dir="rtl">ز</span></span></td> <td><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;"> ز </span></td> <td><i>ze</i></td> <td>z</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/z/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Urdu-language text"><span lang="ur" dir="rtl">ژ</span></span></td> <td><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;"> ژ </span></td> <td><i>zhe</i></td> <td>zh</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ʒ/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Urdu-language text"><span lang="ur" dir="rtl">س</span></span></td> <td><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;"> س </span></td> <td><i>sīn</i></td> <td>s</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/s/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Urdu-language text"><span lang="ur" dir="rtl">ش</span></span></td> <td><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;"> ش </span></td> <td><i>śīn</i></td> <td>sh</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ʃ/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Urdu-language text"><span lang="ur" dir="rtl">ص</span></span></td> <td><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;"> ص </span></td> <td><i>ṣu’ād</i></td> <td>s</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/s/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Urdu-language text"><span lang="ur" dir="rtl">ض</span></span></td> <td><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;"> ض </span></td> <td><i>z̤ād</i></td> <td>z</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/z/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Urdu-language text"><span lang="ur" dir="rtl">ط</span></span></td> <td><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;"> ط </span></td> <td><i>to'e</i></td> <td>t</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/t/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Urdu-language text"><span lang="ur" dir="rtl">ظ</span></span></td> <td><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;"> ظ </span></td> <td><i>ẓo'e</i></td> <td>z</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/z/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Urdu-language text"><span lang="ur" dir="rtl">ع</span></span></td> <td><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;"> ع </span></td> <td><i>ʿain</i></td> <td>' or ‘</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ʔ/</span> <sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Urdu-language text"><span lang="ur" dir="rtl">غ</span></span></td> <td><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;"> غ </span></td> <td><i>ġain</i></td> <td>gh</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɣ/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Urdu-language text"><span lang="ur" dir="rtl">ف</span></span></td> <td><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;"> ف </span></td> <td><i>fe</i></td> <td>f</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/f/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Urdu-language text"><span lang="ur" dir="rtl">ق</span></span></td> <td><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;"> ق </span></td> <td><i>qāf</i></td> <td>q</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/q/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Urdu-language text"><span lang="ur" dir="rtl">ک</span></span></td> <td><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;"> ک </span></td> <td><i>kāf</i></td> <td>k</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/k/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Urdu-language text"><span lang="ur" dir="rtl">گ</span></span></td> <td><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;"> گ </span></td> <td><i>gāf</i></td> <td>g</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɡ/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Urdu-language text"><span lang="ur" dir="rtl">ل</span></span></td> <td><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;"> ل </span></td> <td><i>lām</i></td> <td>l</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/l/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Urdu-language text"><span lang="ur" dir="rtl">م</span></span></td> <td><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;"> م </span></td> <td><i>mīm</i></td> <td>m</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/m/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Urdu-language text"><span lang="ur" dir="rtl">ن</span></span></td> <td><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;"> ن </span></td> <td><i>nūn</i></td> <td>n</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/n/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Urdu-language text"><span lang="ur" dir="rtl">و</span></span></td> <td><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;"> و </span></td> <td><i>vā'o</i></td> <td>v/w, o, au or ū</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ʋ/</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/oː/</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɔ/</span> or <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/uː/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Urdu-language text"><span lang="ur" dir="rtl">ہ, ﮩ, ﮨ</span></span></td> <td><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;"> ہ </span></td> <td><i>choṭī he</i></td> <td>h</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/h/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Urdu-language text"><span lang="ur" dir="rtl">ھ</span></span></td> <td><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;"> ھ </span></td> <td><i>do chashmī he</i></td> <td>h</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ʰ/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Urdu-language text"><span lang="ur" dir="rtl">ء</span></span></td> <td><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;"> ء </span></td> <td><i>hamza</i></td> <td>'</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ʔ/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Urdu-language text"><span lang="ur" dir="rtl">ی</span></span></td> <td><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;"> ی </span></td> <td><i>ye</i></td> <td>y, i</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/j/</span> or <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/iː/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Urdu-language text"><span lang="ur" dir="rtl">ے</span></span></td> <td><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;"> ے </span></td> <td><i>bari ye</i></td> <td>e or ai</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/eː/</span> or <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɛː/</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roman_Urdu&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindustani_orthography" title="Hindustani orthography">Hindustani orthography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindustani_language" title="Hindustani language">Hindustani language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uddin_and_Begum_Hindustani_Romanisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Uddin and Begum Hindustani Romanisation">Uddin and Begum Hindustani Romanisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindustan" title="Hindustan">Hindustan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Pakistan" title="Christianity in Pakistan">Christianity in Pakistan</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roman_Urdu&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output 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.citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040301145532/http://www.jang.com.pk/thenews/sep2003-daily/08-09-2003/oped/o5.htm">"1 - Number One News Resource of Pakistan - The News - Jang Group"</a>. 1 March 2004. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jang.com.pk/thenews/sep2003-daily/08-09-2003/oped/o5.htm">the original</a> on 1 March 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1+-+Number+One+News+Resource+of+Pakistan+-+The+News+-+Jang+Group&rft.date=2004-03-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jang.com.pk%2Fthenews%2Fsep2003-daily%2F08-09-2003%2Foped%2Fo5.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoman+Urdu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dawn.com/2008/11/27/fea.htm#2">Paving new paths to romanise Urdu script</a>, Mushir Anwar, <a href="/wiki/Dawn_(newspaper)" title="Dawn (newspaper)">Dawn (newspaper)</a>, Nov 27, 2008</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scribd.com/doc/28397723/Urdu-Language-Controversy">The Urdu-English Controversy in Pakistan</a>, Tariq Rahman, <a href="/wiki/Modern_Asian_Studies" title="Modern Asian Studies">Modern Asian Studies</a>, Vol. 31, No. 1 (Feb., 1997), pp. 177-207</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.21stfebruary.org/eassy21_5.htm">The Language Movement: An Outline</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121119232520/http://www.21stfebruary.org/eassy21_5.htm">Archived</a> 2012-11-19 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Rafiqul Islam</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fārūqī2001-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Fārūqī2001_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFārūqī2001" class="citation book cs1">Fārūqī, Shamsurraḥmān (2001). <i>Early Urdu Literary Culture and History</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780195652017" title="Special:BookSources/9780195652017"><bdi>9780195652017</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Early+Urdu+Literary+Culture+and+History&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=9780195652017&rft.aulast=F%C4%81r%C5%ABq%C4%AB&rft.aufirst=Shamsurra%E1%B8%A5m%C4%81n&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoman+Urdu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wbtc.com/downloads/bible_downloads/Urdu19Ps.pdf">World Bible Translation Center (pdf file)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Krishnamurthy2013-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Krishnamurthy2013_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKrishnamurthy2013" class="citation web cs1">Krishnamurthy, Rajeshwari (28 June 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gatewayhouse.in/kabul-diary-discovering-the-indian-connection/">"Kabul Diary: Discovering the Indian connection"</a>. Gateway House: Indian Council on Global Relations<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 March</span> 2018</span>. <q>Most Afghans in Kabul understand and/or speak Hindi, thanks to the popularity of Indian cinema in the country.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kabul+Diary%3A+Discovering+the+Indian+connection&rft.pub=Gateway+House%3A+Indian+Council+on+Global+Relations&rft.date=2013-06-28&rft.aulast=Krishnamurthy&rft.aufirst=Rajeshwari&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gatewayhouse.in%2Fkabul-diary-discovering-the-indian-connection%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoman+Urdu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dwyer2006-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Dwyer2006_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDwyer2006" class="citation book cs1">Dwyer, Rachel (27 September 2006). <i>Filming the Gods: Religion and Indian Cinema</i>. Routledge. p. 103. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781134380701" title="Special:BookSources/9781134380701"><bdi>9781134380701</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Filming+the+Gods%3A+Religion+and+Indian+Cinema&rft.pages=103&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2006-09-27&rft.isbn=9781134380701&rft.aulast=Dwyer&rft.aufirst=Rachel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoman+Urdu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cle.org.pk/Downloads/ling_resources/phoneticinventory/UrduPhoneticInventory.pdf">"Urdu Phonetic Inventory"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>www.cle.org.pk</i>. Center for Language Engineering<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.cle.org.pk&rft.atitle=Urdu+Phonetic+Inventory&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cle.org.pk%2FDownloads%2Fling_resources%2Fphoneticinventory%2FUrduPhoneticInventory.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoman+Urdu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roman_Urdu&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Dua, Hans R. (1994b). <i>Urdu</i>. In Asher (Ed.) (pp. 4863–4864).</li> <li>Insha, Ibn e. (2002) <i>Urdu Ki Aakhri Kitab</i>. New Delhi: Kitab Wala. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-85738-57-2" title="Special:BookSources/81-85738-57-2">81-85738-57-2</a>.</li> <li>B.S.I. <i>Kita'b I Muqaddas</i>. Bangalore: The Bible Society of India, 1994. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-221-3230-8" title="Special:BookSources/81-221-3230-8">81-221-3230-8</a>.</li> <li>Gupta, Sunil (2022). <i>The Dictionary of Urdu Poetry</i>. Gurgaon: Zorba Books. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/97-893-9302-9-13-3" title="Special:BookSources/97-893-9302-9-13-3">97-893-9302-9-13-3</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roman_Urdu&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/16px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/24px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/32px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></a></span> <a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Urdu_phrasebook#Q3307116" class="extiw" title="voy:Urdu phrasebook">Urdu phrasebook</a> travel guide from Wikivoyage <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/16px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/24px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/32px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></a></span> <a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Hindi_phrasebook#Q3307116" class="extiw" title="voy:Hindi phrasebook">Hindi phrasebook</a> travel guide from Wikivoyage </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://omniglot.com/conscripts/urdulatin.htm">The Urdu Latin alphabet</a> by Adnaan Mahmood</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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title="Template:Romanization"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Romanization" title="Template talk:Romanization"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Romanization" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Romanization"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Romanization" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Romanization" title="Romanization">Romanization</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By publisher (for several languages)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ALA-LC_romanization" title="ALA-LC romanization">ALA-LC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BGN/PCGN_romanization" title="BGN/PCGN romanization">BGN/PCGN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GOST_16876-71" title="GOST 16876-71">GOST</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ISO_romanizations" title="List of ISO romanizations">ISO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yale_romanization" title="Yale romanization">Yale</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By language or writing system</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ge%CA%BDez_script" title="Geʽez script">Amharic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Arabic" title="Romanization of Arabic">Arabic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Persian" title="Romanization of Persian">Persian</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Urdu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uyghur_Latin_alphabet" title="Uyghur Latin alphabet">Uyghur</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Armenian" title="Romanization of Armenian">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanisation_of_Bengali" title="Romanisation of Bengali">Bengali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berber_Latin_alphabet" title="Berber Latin alphabet">Berber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Burmese" title="Romanization of Burmese">Burmese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Chinese" title="Romanization of Chinese">Chinese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language_romanization_in_Taiwan" title="Chinese language romanization in Taiwan">in Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language_romanisation_in_Singapore" title="Chinese language romanisation in Singapore">in Singapore</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Cyrillic" title="Romanization of Cyrillic">Cyrillic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Belarusian" title="Romanization of Belarusian">Belarusian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Bulgarian" title="Romanization of Bulgarian">Bulgarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_alphabets" title="Kazakh alphabets">Kazakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Kyrgyz" title="Romanization of Kyrgyz">Kyrgyz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Macedonian" title="Romanization of Macedonian">Macedonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Russian" title="Romanization of Russian">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Serbian" title="Romanization of Serbian">Serbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Ukrainian" title="Romanization of Ukrainian">Ukrainian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devanagari_transliteration" title="Devanagari transliteration">Devanagari</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Devanagari_transliteration" title="Devanagari transliteration">Hindi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devanagari_transliteration" title="Devanagari transliteration">Marathi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devanagari_transliteration" title="Devanagari transliteration">Nepali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devanagari_transliteration" title="Devanagari transliteration">Sanskrit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Georgian" title="Romanization of Georgian">Georgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Greek" title="Romanization of Greek">Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Hebrew" title="Romanization of Hebrew">Hebrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inuktitut_syllabics" title="Inuktitut syllabics">Inuktitut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Japanese" title="Romanization of Japanese">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Khmer" title="Romanization of Khmer">Khmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Korean" title="Romanization of Korean">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Lao" title="Romanization of Lao">Lao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanisation_of_Malayalam" title="Romanisation of Malayalam">Malayalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanisation_of_Maldivian" title="Romanisation of Maldivian">Maldivian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_alphabet#Latin_alphabet_and_romanization" title="Syriac alphabet">Syriac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_script" title="Tibetan script">Tibetan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanisation_of_Telugu" title="Romanisation of Telugu">Telugu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Thai" title="Romanization of Thai">Thai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Roman_Urdu&oldid=1253426610">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Roman_Urdu&oldid=1253426610</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Urdu_script" 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