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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Administrative_divisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrative_divisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Administrative divisions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administrative_divisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History_and_administration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History_and_administration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History and administration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History_and_administration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Coat_of_arms_and_flag" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coat_of_arms_and_flag"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Coat of arms and flag</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Coat_of_arms_and_flag-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dukes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dukes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Dukes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dukes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Duchy of Carniola</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 28 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-28" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">28 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7" title="دوقية كارنيولا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="دوقية كارنيولا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duc%C3%A1u_de_Carniola" title="Ducáu de Carniola – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Ducáu de Carniola" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Герцагства Крайна – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Герцагства Крайна" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%86%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Херцогство Крайна – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Херцогство Крайна" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ducat_de_Carniola" title="Ducat de Carniola – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ducat de Carniola" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kra%C5%88sk%C3%A9_v%C3%A9vodstv%C3%AD" title="Kraňské vévodství – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kraňské vévodství" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herzogtum_Krain" title="Herzogtum Krain – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Herzogtum Krain" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kraini_hertsogkond" title="Kraini hertsogkond – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kraini hertsogkond" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BA%CE%AC%CF%84%CE%BF_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%9A%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%BD%CE%B9%CF%8C%CE%BB%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Δουκάτο της Καρνιόλας – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Δουκάτο της Καρνιόλας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ducado_de_Carniola" title="Ducado de Carniola – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ducado de Carniola" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duklando_Karniolo" title="Duklando Karniolo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Duklando Karniolo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duch%C3%A9_de_Carniole" title="Duché de Carniole – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Duché de Carniole" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B9%B4%EB%A5%B4%EB%8B%88%EC%98%AC%EB%9D%BC_%EA%B3%B5%EA%B5%AD" title="카르니올라 공국 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="카르니올라 공국" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kadipaten_Krain" title="Kadipaten Krain – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kadipaten Krain" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ducato_di_Carniola" title="Ducato di Carniola – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ducato di Carniola" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%95%D7%9B%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%94" title="דוכסות קרניולה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דוכסות קרניולה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krainos_kunigaik%C5%A1tyst%C4%97" title="Krainos kunigaikštystė – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Krainos kunigaikštystė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%98%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%9A%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Војводство Крањска – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Војводство Крањска" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hertogdom_Krain" title="Hertogdom Krain – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Hertogdom Krain" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%83%AB%E3%83%8B%E3%82%AA%E3%83%A9%E5%85%AC%E5%9B%BD" title="カルニオラ公国 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="カルニオラ公国" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ksi%C4%99stwo_Krainy" title="Księstwo Krainy – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Księstwo Krainy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ducado_da_Carn%C3%ADola" title="Ducado da Carníola – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ducado da Carníola" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%86%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Герцогство Крайна – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Герцогство Крайна" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vojvodina_Kranjska" title="Vojvodina Kranjska – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Vojvodina Kranjska" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%98%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%9A%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Војводина Крањска – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Војводина Крањска" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karniyola_D%C3%BCkl%C3%BC%C4%9F%C3%BC" title="Karniyola Düklüğü – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Karniyola Düklüğü" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%86%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Крайнинське герцогство – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Крайнинське герцогство" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%BC%E5%A5%A7%E6%8B%89%E5%85%AC%E5%9C%8B" title="卡尼奧拉公國 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="卡尼奧拉公國" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2360973#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Carniola" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" 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.infobox-image{padding:0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-anthem{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding-top:0.5em;margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-sovereignty{font-weight:normal;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">Duchy of Carniola</div><div class="ib-country-names"><span title="Slovene-language text"><i lang="sl">Vojvodina Kranjska</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Slovene_language" title="Slovene language">Slovene</a>)</span><br /><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Herzogtum Krain</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>)</span><br /><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Ducatus Carnioliae</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">1364–1918</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="noresize" style="display:table; width:100%;"> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding-left:5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Krain.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Carniola"><img alt="Flag of Carniola" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Flag_of_Krain.svg/125px-Flag_of_Krain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Flag_of_Krain.svg/188px-Flag_of_Krain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Flag_of_Krain.svg/250px-Flag_of_Krain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div> <div>Flag</div> </div> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding: 0px 5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_Duchy_of_Carniola.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Carniola"><img alt="Coat of arms of Carniola" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Duchy_of_Carniola.svg/85px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Duchy_of_Carniola.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Duchy_of_Carniola.svg/128px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Duchy_of_Carniola.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Duchy_of_Carniola.svg/170px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Duchy_of_Carniola.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="1706" /></a></span></div> <div>Coat of arms</div> </div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Tabula_Ducatus_Carnioliae,_Vindorum_Marchiae_et_Histriae.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Duchy of Carniola in 1714"><img alt="The Duchy of Carniola in 1714" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Tabula_Ducatus_Carnioliae%2C_Vindorum_Marchiae_et_Histriae.jpg/250px-Tabula_Ducatus_Carnioliae%2C_Vindorum_Marchiae_et_Histriae.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="209" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Tabula_Ducatus_Carnioliae%2C_Vindorum_Marchiae_et_Histriae.jpg/375px-Tabula_Ducatus_Carnioliae%2C_Vindorum_Marchiae_et_Histriae.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Tabula_Ducatus_Carnioliae%2C_Vindorum_Marchiae_et_Histriae.jpg/500px-Tabula_Ducatus_Carnioliae%2C_Vindorum_Marchiae_et_Histriae.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6897" data-file-height="5764" /></a></span><div class="ib-country-map-caption">The Duchy of Carniola in 1714</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Das_Herzogthum_Krain_1791.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Duchy of Carniola in 1791"><img alt="The Duchy of Carniola in 1791" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Das_Herzogthum_Krain_1791.jpg/250px-Das_Herzogthum_Krain_1791.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="198" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Das_Herzogthum_Krain_1791.jpg/375px-Das_Herzogthum_Krain_1791.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Das_Herzogthum_Krain_1791.jpg/500px-Das_Herzogthum_Krain_1791.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6589" data-file-height="5214" /></a></span><div class="ib-country-map-caption">The Duchy of Carniola in 1791</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ljubljana" title="Ljubljana">Laibach</a> (Ljubljana)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Common languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Slovene_language" title="Slovene language">Slovene</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion <div class="ib-country-religion"></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Government</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Principality" title="Principality">Principality</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Historical era</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/March_of_Carniola" title="March of Carniola">March of Carniola</a> bequeathed to <a href="/wiki/House_of_Habsburg" title="House of Habsburg">House of Habsburg</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1335</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Raised to <a href="/wiki/Duchy" title="Duchy">Duchy</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1364</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Part of <a href="/wiki/Inner_Austria" title="Inner Austria">Inner Austria</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Neuberg" title="Treaty of Neuberg">1379</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Joined <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Circle" title="Austrian Circle">Austrian Circle</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1512</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Sch%C3%B6nbrunn" title="Treaty of Schönbrunn">Ceded</a> to <a href="/wiki/Illyrian_Provinces" title="Illyrian Provinces">Illyrian Provinces</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1809</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Vienna" title="Congress of Vienna">Restored</a> to <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Empire" title="Austrian Empire">Austria</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1815</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Part of the <a href="/wiki/State_of_Slovenes,_Croats_and_Serbs" title="State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs">State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">29 October 1918</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Currency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Florin" title="Florin">Florin</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table style="width:95%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; display:inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:center; border:0; padding-bottom:0"><div id="before-after"></div> <b>Preceded by</b></td> <td style="text-align:center;border:0; padding-bottom:0;"><b>Succeeded by</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; border:0;"> <table style="width:100%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Oldest_known_arms_of_Carniola.svg/20px-Oldest_known_arms_of_Carniola.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Oldest_known_arms_of_Carniola.svg/30px-Oldest_known_arms_of_Carniola.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Oldest_known_arms_of_Carniola.svg/40px-Oldest_known_arms_of_Carniola.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="831" data-file-height="970" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/March_of_Carniola" title="March of Carniola">March of Carniola</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;border:0;"> <table style="width:92%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/State_of_Slovenes,_Croats_and_Serbs" title="State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs">State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_the_State_of_Slovenes%2C_Croats_and_Serbs.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_State_of_Slovenes%2C_Croats_and_Serbs.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_the_State_of_Slovenes%2C_Croats_and_Serbs.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_State_of_Slovenes%2C_Croats_and_Serbs.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_the_State_of_Slovenes%2C_Croats_and_Serbs.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_State_of_Slovenes%2C_Croats_and_Serbs.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Kingdom of Italy">Kingdom of Italy</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Italy_%281861%E2%80%931946%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Italy_%281861%E2%80%931946%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Italy_%281861%E2%80%931946%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Today part of</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AvI_Innerkrain_oder_der_Adelsberger_Kreis.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/AvI_Innerkrain_oder_der_Adelsberger_Kreis.jpg/220px-AvI_Innerkrain_oder_der_Adelsberger_Kreis.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/AvI_Innerkrain_oder_der_Adelsberger_Kreis.jpg/330px-AvI_Innerkrain_oder_der_Adelsberger_Kreis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/AvI_Innerkrain_oder_der_Adelsberger_Kreis.jpg/440px-AvI_Innerkrain_oder_der_Adelsberger_Kreis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="12022" data-file-height="10236" /></a><figcaption>Historical map of Inner Carniola, end of the 18th century</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kranjska-Valvasor.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Kranjska-Valvasor.jpg/220px-Kranjska-Valvasor.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="353" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Kranjska-Valvasor.jpg/330px-Kranjska-Valvasor.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Kranjska-Valvasor.jpg/440px-Kranjska-Valvasor.jpg 2x" data-file-width="639" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>Allegory of Carniola (right), from the work <i><a href="/wiki/The_Glory_of_the_Duchy_of_Carniola" title="The Glory of the Duchy of Carniola">The Glory of the Duchy of Carniola</a></i></figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Duchy of Carniola</b> (<a href="/wiki/Slovene_language" title="Slovene language">Slovene</a>: <i lang="sl">Vojvodina Kranjska</i>, <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de">Herzogtum Krain</i>, <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_language" title="Hungarian language">Hungarian</a>: <i lang="hu">Krajna</i>) was an <a href="/wiki/Imperial_estate" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial estate">imperial estate</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a>, established under <a href="/wiki/House_of_Habsburg" title="House of Habsburg">Habsburg</a> rule on the territory of the former East Frankish <a href="/wiki/March_of_Carniola" title="March of Carniola">March of Carniola</a> in 1364. A hereditary land of the <a href="/wiki/Habsburg_monarchy" title="Habsburg monarchy">Habsburg monarchy</a>, it became a constituent land of the <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Empire" title="Austrian Empire">Austrian Empire</a> in 1804 and part of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Illyria" title="Kingdom of Illyria">Kingdom of Illyria</a> until 1849. A separate <a href="/wiki/Crown_land" title="Crown land">crown land</a> from 1849, it was incorporated into the <a href="/wiki/Cisleithania" title="Cisleithania">Cisleithanian</a> territories of <a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austria-Hungary</a> from 1867 until the state's dissolution in 1918. Its capital was <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de">Laibach</i>, today <a href="/wiki/Ljubljana" title="Ljubljana">Ljubljana</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duchy_of_Carniola&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The borders of the historic <a href="/wiki/Carniola" title="Carniola">Carniola</a> region had varied over the centuries. From the time of the duchy's establishment, it was located in the southeastern periphery of the Holy Roman Empire, where the <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDumberak_Mountains" title="Žumberak Mountains">Gorjanci Mountains</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Kupa" title="Kupa">Kolpa</a> River formed the border with the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Croatia_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Kingdom of Croatia (disambiguation)">Kingdom of Croatia</a>. </p><p>In the north, it bordered the Imperial <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Carinthia" title="Duchy of Carinthia">Duchy of Carinthia</a>, from the <a href="/wiki/Predil_Pass" title="Predil Pass">Predil Pass</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tarvisio" title="Tarvisio">Fusine</a> (<i>Fužine</i>) along the main ridge of the <a href="/wiki/Karawanks" title="Karawanks">Karawanks</a> range up to <a href="/wiki/Jezersko,_Slovenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Jezersko, Slovenia">Jezersko</a>. In the northeast and east, it bordered on the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Styria" title="Duchy of Styria">Duchy of Styria</a>, i.e., the present-day <i><a href="/wiki/Styria_(Slovenia)" title="Styria (Slovenia)">Štajerska</a></i> or Lower Styrian lands beyond the <a href="/wiki/Sava" title="Sava">Sava</a> River, which until 1456 were held by the <a href="/wiki/Counts_of_Celje" title="Counts of Celje">Counts of Celje</a>. In the west, the peaks of the <a href="/wiki/Julian_Alps" title="Julian Alps">Julian Alps</a> high above <a href="/wiki/Lake_Bohinj" title="Lake Bohinj">Lake Bohinj</a> marked the border with the historic <a href="/wiki/Friuli" title="Friuli">Friulian</a> region, initially held by the <a href="/wiki/Patriarchate_of_Aquileia_(state)" class="mw-redirect" title="Patriarchate of Aquileia (state)">Patriarchs of Aquileia</a>, but gradually conquered by the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" title="Republic of Venice">Republic of Venice</a> and incorporated into the <i><a href="/wiki/Domini_di_Terraferma" title="Domini di Terraferma">Domini di Terraferma</a></i> by 1433. In the southwest, beyond the <a href="/wiki/Dinaric_Alps" title="Dinaric Alps">Dinaric Alps</a>, the <a href="/wiki/County_of_G%C3%B6rz" class="mw-redirect" title="County of Görz">Counts of Görz</a> held the remaining Friulian territory, which in 1754 became the Austrian crown land of <a href="/wiki/Gorizia_and_Gradisca" class="mw-redirect" title="Gorizia and Gradisca">Gorizia and Gradisca</a> (part of the present-day <a href="/wiki/Slovenian_Littoral" class="mw-redirect" title="Slovenian Littoral">Slovenian Littoral</a>). The remains of the <a href="/wiki/March_of_Istria" title="March of Istria">Margraviate of Istria</a> south of the <a href="/wiki/Karst_Plateau" title="Karst Plateau">Karst Plateau</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Brkini_Hills" title="Brkini Hills">Brkini Hills</a> were also administered from Carniola. </p><p>In its final extent, re-established in 1815,<sup id="cite_ref-Pipp_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pipp-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the duchy had an area of 9,904 square kilometres (3,824 sq mi).<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1914, before the beginning of <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, it had a population of a little under 530,000 inhabitants.<sup id="cite_ref-Pipp_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pipp-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tabula_Ducatus_Carnioliae,_Vindorum_Marchiae_et_Histriae.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Tabula_Ducatus_Carnioliae%2C_Vindorum_Marchiae_et_Histriae.jpg/220px-Tabula_Ducatus_Carnioliae%2C_Vindorum_Marchiae_et_Histriae.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Tabula_Ducatus_Carnioliae%2C_Vindorum_Marchiae_et_Histriae.jpg/330px-Tabula_Ducatus_Carnioliae%2C_Vindorum_Marchiae_et_Histriae.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Tabula_Ducatus_Carnioliae%2C_Vindorum_Marchiae_et_Histriae.jpg/440px-Tabula_Ducatus_Carnioliae%2C_Vindorum_Marchiae_et_Histriae.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6897" data-file-height="5764" /></a><figcaption>Historical map of the Carniolan duchy: Upper (pink), Lower (green) and Inner Carniola (yellow) with adjacent Istrian March (orange), <a href="/wiki/Johann_Homann" title="Johann Homann">Johann Homann</a>, 1714</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Administrative_divisions">Administrative divisions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duchy_of_Carniola&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Administrative divisions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to the topography <i><a href="/wiki/The_Glory_of_the_Duchy_of_Carniola" title="The Glory of the Duchy of Carniola">The Glory of the Duchy of Carniola</a></i> written by the scholar <a href="/wiki/Johann_Weikhard_von_Valvasor" title="Johann Weikhard von Valvasor">Johann Weikhard von Valvasor</a> (1641–1693), the territory was traditionally divided into three sub-regions: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Carniola" title="Upper Carniola">Upper Carniola</a> (<i>Gorenjska</i>), the mountainous part in the north, with the towns of <a href="/wiki/Kranj" title="Kranj">Kranj</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kamnik" title="Kamnik">Kamnik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Carniola" title="Lower Carniola">Lower Carniola</a> (<i>Dolenjska</i>), in the southeast, with <a href="/wiki/Novo_Mesto" title="Novo Mesto">Novo Mesto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ko%C4%8Devje" title="Kočevje">Kočevje</a> (<i>Gottschee</i>) and <a href="/wiki/Kr%C5%A1ko" title="Krško">Krško</a>, including <a href="/wiki/White_Carniola" title="White Carniola">White Carniola</a> and the former <a href="/wiki/Windic_March" title="Windic March">Windic March</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inner_Carniola" title="Inner Carniola">Inner Carniola</a> (<i>Notranjska</i>), in the southwest, around the towns of <a href="/wiki/Idrija" title="Idrija">Idrija</a> and <a href="/wiki/Postojna" title="Postojna">Postojna</a>.</li></ul> <p>Until 1860, these sub-regions coincided with the districts (<i>Kreise</i>) of <a href="/wiki/Ljubljana" title="Ljubljana">Ljubljana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Novo_Mesto" title="Novo Mesto">Novo Mesto</a> and <a href="/wiki/Postojna" title="Postojna">Postojna</a>. They were later divided into smaller units, called political (or administrative) districts (<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de">Bezirkshauptmannshaft</i>, <a href="/wiki/Slovene_language" title="Slovene language">Slovene</a>: <i lang="sl">okrajno glavarstvo</i>). Between 1861 and 1918, Carniola was divided into eleven districts consisting of 359 municipalities (<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de">Ortsgemeinde</i>, <a href="/wiki/Slovene_language" title="Slovene language">Slovene</a>: <i lang="sl">občina</i>), with the provincial capital serving as the residence of the imperial governor (<i>Landeshauptmann</i>). The districts were: <a href="/wiki/Kamnik" title="Kamnik">Kamnik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kranj" title="Kranj">Kranj</a>, <a href="/wiki/Radovljica" title="Radovljica">Radovljica</a>, the neighbourhood of Ljubljana, <a href="/wiki/Logatec" title="Logatec">Logatec</a>, <a href="/wiki/Postojna" title="Postojna">Postojna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Litija" title="Litija">Litija</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kr%C5%A1ko" title="Krško">Krško</a>, <a href="/wiki/Novo_Mesto" title="Novo Mesto">Novo Mesto</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Crnomelj" title="Črnomelj">Črnomelj</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ko%C4%8Devje" title="Kočevje">Kočevje</a>. The political districts were in turn divided into 31 judicial circuits (<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de">Gerichtsbezirk</i>, <a href="/wiki/Slovene_language" title="Slovene language">Slovene</a>: <i lang="sl">sodnijski okraj</i>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History_and_administration">History and administration</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duchy_of_Carniola&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: History and administration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Carniola" title="Carniola">Carniola</a></div> <p>The former <a href="/wiki/March_of_Carniola" title="March of Carniola">March of Carniola</a>, i.e., Upper Carniola and the <a href="/wiki/Windic_March" title="Windic March">Windic March</a>, had been separated from the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Carinthia" title="Duchy of Carinthia">Duchy of Carinthia</a> in 1040 by King <a href="/wiki/Henry_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry III of Germany</a>. It was nevertheless temporarily still held by the Carinthian rulers in <a href="/wiki/Personal_union" title="Personal union">personal union</a>, like the <i><a href="/wiki/House_of_Gorizia" title="House of Gorizia">Meinhardiner</a></i> Duke <a href="/wiki/Henry_of_Bohemia" title="Henry of Bohemia">Henry VI</a>, who died in 1335 without a male heir. His daughter <a href="/wiki/Margaret,_Countess_of_Tyrol" title="Margaret, Countess of Tyrol">Margaret</a> was able to keep the <a href="/wiki/County_of_Tyrol" title="County of Tyrol">County of Tyrol</a>, while the Wittelsbach Emperor <a href="/wiki/Louis_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor">Louis IV</a> passed Carinthia and Carniolan march to the Habsburg Duke <a href="/wiki/Albert_II,_Duke_of_Austria" title="Albert II, Duke of Austria">Albert II of Austria</a>, whose mother, <a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_of_Carinthia,_Queen_of_the_Romans" class="mw-redirect" title="Elisabeth of Carinthia, Queen of the Romans">Elisabeth of Carinthia</a> is a sister of the late Duke <a href="/wiki/Henry_of_Bohemia" title="Henry of Bohemia">Henry of Gorizia</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AvI_Provinz_Inner%C3%B6sterreich.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/AvI_Provinz_Inner%C3%B6sterreich.jpg/220px-AvI_Provinz_Inner%C3%B6sterreich.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/AvI_Provinz_Inner%C3%B6sterreich.jpg/330px-AvI_Provinz_Inner%C3%B6sterreich.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/AvI_Provinz_Inner%C3%B6sterreich.jpg/440px-AvI_Provinz_Inner%C3%B6sterreich.jpg 2x" data-file-width="10147" data-file-height="8764" /></a><figcaption>Carniola and Istria (pink) as part of Inner Austria, 1379–1457 and 1564–1619</figcaption></figure> <p>Albert's son <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_IV,_Duke_of_Austria" title="Rudolf IV, Duke of Austria">Rudolf IV of Austria</a>, "the Founder", in the course of his <i><a href="/wiki/Privilegium_Maius" title="Privilegium Maius">Privilegium Maius</a></i>, awarded himself the title of a "Duke of Carniola" in 1364—though without consent by the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Holy Roman Emperor">Holy Roman Emperor</a>. Rudolph also founded the town of <a href="/wiki/Novo_Mesto" title="Novo Mesto">Novo Mesto</a> in Lower Carniola, then named <i>Rudolphswerth</i>. After his death, as a result of the quarrels between his younger brothers <a href="/wiki/Albert_III,_Duke_of_Austria" title="Albert III, Duke of Austria">Albert III</a> and <a href="/wiki/Leopold_III,_Duke_of_Austria" title="Leopold III, Duke of Austria">Leopold</a>, Carniola by the 1379 <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Neuberg" title="Treaty of Neuberg">Treaty of Neuberg</a> became part of <a href="/wiki/Inner_Austria" title="Inner Austria">Inner Austria</a> ruled from <a href="/wiki/Graz" title="Graz">Graz</a> by Leopold, ancestor of the Habsburg <a href="/wiki/Leopoldian_line" title="Leopoldian line">Leopoldian line</a>. In 1457, the Inner Austrian territories were re-united with the <a href="/wiki/Archduchy_of_Austria" title="Archduchy of Austria">Archduchy of Austria</a> under the rule of the Habsburg Emperor <a href="/wiki/Frederick_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor">Frederick III</a>. When Frederick's descendant, Emperor <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor">Ferdinand I</a>, died in 1564, Carniola was separated again as part of Inner Austria under the rule of Ferdinand's son Archduke <a href="/wiki/Charles_II,_Archduke_of_Austria" title="Charles II, Archduke of Austria">Charles II</a>. Charles' son, Emperor <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor">Ferdinand II</a>, inherited all the dynasty's lands in 1619 and the duchy formed a constituent part of the <a href="/wiki/Habsburg_monarchy" title="Habsburg monarchy">Habsburg monarchy</a> ever since. </p><p>In the late 15th century, as part of the Habsburg westward expansion, the Duchy of Carniola acquired many new territories: <a href="/wiki/Idrija" title="Idrija">Idrija</a> (previously part of Friuli), <a href="/wiki/Duino" title="Duino">Duino</a> and the surrounding parts of the <a href="/wiki/Karst_Plateau" title="Karst Plateau">Karst Plateau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kastav" title="Kastav">Kastav</a>, <a href="/wiki/Opatija" title="Opatija">Opatija</a>, and the interior areas of <a href="/wiki/Istria" title="Istria">Istria</a>, centered around <a href="/wiki/Pazin" title="Pazin">Pazin</a>. It also had nominal control over the port of <a href="/wiki/Rijeka" title="Rijeka">Rijeka</a>, which however de facto remained an autonomous city; in 1717 it was officially placed under direct imperial rule and in 1776 it was transferred to Hungary. In the 19th century, these areas (with the exception of Idrija) were incorporated in the <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Littoral" title="Austrian Littoral">Austrian Littoral</a>, and Carniola thus became a landlocked region once again. </p><p>With the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Sch%C3%B6nbrunn" title="Treaty of Schönbrunn">Treaty of Schönbrunn</a> in 1809, <a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon</a> formed the short-lived <a href="/wiki/Illyrian_Provinces" title="Illyrian Provinces">Illyrian Provinces</a> from the annexed territories in Carniola, Carinthia, Croatia, <a href="/wiki/Gorizia_and_Gradisca" class="mw-redirect" title="Gorizia and Gradisca">Gorizia and Gradisca</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Trieste" title="Trieste">Trieste</a>. The Final Act of the 1815 <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Vienna" title="Congress of Vienna">Congress of Vienna</a> restored the Illyrian Provinces to the <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Empire" title="Austrian Empire">Austrian Empire</a>. Carniola then formed the central part of the territory of the Austrian <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Illyria_(1816%E2%80%931849)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Illyria (1816–1849)">Kingdom of Illyria</a>, whose capital was also Ljubljana, including the Carniolan and Carinthian duchies as well as the Austrian Littoral with Gorizia and Gradisca, the Margraviate of Istria and the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Free_City_of_Trieste" title="Imperial Free City of Trieste">Imperial Free City of Trieste</a>. </p><p>After the disestablishment of the Illyrian Kingdom in 1849, the Duchy of Carniola was constituted by rescript of 20 December 1860, and by imperial patent of 26 February 1861 (<a href="/wiki/February_Patent" title="February Patent">February Patent</a>), modified by legislation of 21 December 1867, granting power to the Carniolan <i><a href="/wiki/Landtag" title="Landtag">Landtag</a></i> (or Carniolan Diet - estates' assembly) to enact all laws not reserved to the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Council_(Austria)" title="Imperial Council (Austria)">Imperial Council</a> in <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a>, at which it was represented by eleven delegates, of whom two elected by the landowners, three by the cities, towns, commercial and industrial boards, five by the village communes, and one by a fifth curia by secret ballot, every duly registered male twenty-four years of age had the right to vote. The home legislature consisted of a single chamber of thirty-seven members, among whom the prince-bishop sat ex-officio. The emperor convened the legislature, and it was presided over by the <i>k. k. <a href="/wiki/Landeshauptmann" title="Landeshauptmann">Landeshauptmann</a></i> (president of the Carniolan Diet – <i>Landtag</i> and its executive board – <i>Landesausschuss</i>). The landed interests elected ten members, the cities and towns eight, the commercial and industrial boards two, the village communes sixteen. The business of the chamber was restricted to legislating on agriculture, public and charitable institutions, administration of communes, church and school affairs, the transportation and housing of soldiers in war and during manoeuvres, and other local matters. The land budget of 1901 amounted to 3,573,280 crowns ($714,656). </p><p>The Austrian <a href="/wiki/Imperial-Royal" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial-Royal">Imperial-Royal</a> government was represented by the <a href="/wiki/Imperial-Royal" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial-Royal">Imperial-Royal</a> president (<i>k. k. Landespräsident</i> or governor), appointed by the emperor, and the <a href="/wiki/Imperial-Royal" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial-Royal">Imperial-Royal</a> Government (<i>k. k. Landesregierung</i>) in Ljubljana. In the majority of other Austrian crown lands these were known as Imperial-Royal Lieutenant (<i>k. k. Statthalter</i>) and Imperial-Royal Lieutenancy (<i>k. k. Statthalterei</i>). </p><p>In 1918, the duchy ceased to exist and its territory became part of the newly formed <a href="/wiki/State_of_Slovenes,_Croats_and_Serbs" title="State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs">State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs</a> and subsequently part of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Serbs,_Croats_and_Slovenes" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes">Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes</a> (from 1929 called Kingdom of Yugoslavia). The western part of the duchy, with the towns of <a href="/wiki/Postojna" title="Postojna">Postojna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ilirska_Bistrica" title="Ilirska Bistrica">Ilirska Bistrica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Idrija" title="Idrija">Idrija</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vipava,_Slovenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Vipava, Slovenia">Vipava</a>, and <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0turje" title="Šturje">Šturje</a>, was annexed to <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Kingdom of Italy">Italy</a> in 1920, but was subsequently also included into Yugoslavia in 1945 except for the town of <a href="/wiki/Fusine_in_Valromana" title="Fusine in Valromana">Fusine in Valromana</a> (Weissenfels, before 1919), which remained in Italy. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duchy_of_Carniola&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The vast majority of the population were <a href="/wiki/Slovene_language" title="Slovene language">Slovene-speaking</a>. A <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>-speaking minority existed among the local nobles and those craftsmen, who had settled here as citizens of the major towns. German <a href="/wiki/Language_island" title="Language island">language islands</a> were found in Lower Carniolan <a href="/wiki/Gottschee" title="Gottschee">Gottschee County</a>, where the rural population spoke <a href="/wiki/Gottscheerish" title="Gottscheerish">Gottscheerish</a> (Granish), a <a href="/wiki/Southern_Bavarian" title="Southern Bavarian">Southern Bavarian</a> dialect, as well as around the Upper Carniolan villages of <a href="/wiki/Zgornja_Sorica" title="Zgornja Sorica">Zgornja Sorica</a> (<i>Oberzarz</i>), <a href="/wiki/Spodnja_Sorica" title="Spodnja Sorica">Spodnja Sorica</a> (<i>Unterzarz</i>) and <a href="/wiki/Nem%C5%A1ki_Rovt" title="Nemški Rovt">Nemški Rovt</a> (<i>Deutschgereuth</i>) in the <a href="/wiki/Bohinj" title="Bohinj">Bohinj</a> Basin. </p><p>In 1846, the population of Carniola included:<sup id="cite_ref-A.J.P._Taylor_1918,_page_302_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-A.J.P._Taylor_1918,_page_302-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>428,000 <a href="/wiki/Slovenes" title="Slovenes">Slovenes</a></li> <li>38,000 <a href="/wiki/Germans" title="Germans">Germans</a></li></ul> <p>In 1910, the population of Carniola included:<sup id="cite_ref-A.J.P._Taylor_1918,_page_302_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-A.J.P._Taylor_1918,_page_302-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>520,000 <a href="/wiki/Slovenes" title="Slovenes">Slovenes</a></li> <li>28,000 <a href="/wiki/Germans" title="Germans">Germans</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Coat_of_arms_and_flag">Coat of arms and flag</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duchy_of_Carniola&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Coat of arms and flag"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wappen_Herzogtum_Krain.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Wappen_Herzogtum_Krain.png/200px-Wappen_Herzogtum_Krain.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="244" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Wappen_Herzogtum_Krain.png/300px-Wappen_Herzogtum_Krain.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Wappen_Herzogtum_Krain.png/400px-Wappen_Herzogtum_Krain.png 2x" data-file-width="444" data-file-height="541" /></a><figcaption>The coat of arms of the Carniolan crown land with <a href="/wiki/Archducal_hat" title="Archducal hat">archducal hat</a>,<br />as drawn by <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Gerard_Str%C3%B6hl" title="Hugo Gerard Ströhl">Hugo Gerard Ströhl</a> (1851–1919)</figcaption></figure> <p>The coat of arms of Carniola dates back to the 13th century, when it most probably evolved as a combination of the coats of arms of the Bavarian <a href="/wiki/Counts_of_Andechs" title="Counts of Andechs">counts of Andechs</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Merania" title="Duchy of Merania">Duchy of Merania</a> (eagle) and the Rhenish <a href="/wiki/House_of_Sponheim" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Sponheim">House of Sponheim</a> in Carinthia (red-white checkerboard). The eagle is also featured in the seal of King <a href="/wiki/Ottokar_II_of_Bohemia" title="Ottokar II of Bohemia">Ottokar II of Bohemia</a> in his capacity as ruler of the Carniolan march in 1269. In 1463 Emperor <a href="/wiki/Frederick_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor">Frederick III</a>, having prevailed against the claims raised by his brother <a href="/wiki/Albert_VI,_Archduke_of_Austria" title="Albert VI, Archduke of Austria">Albert VI of Austria</a>, added the Imperial crown to the eagle and replaced the white in the shield and the checkered crescent with gold. In 1836 Emperor <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I_of_Austria" title="Ferdinand I of Austria">Ferdinand I of Austria</a> restored the original white color to the shield and recognized the white-blue-red combination as the official Carniolan color scheme. </p><p>Under the Habsburg rule the white, blue and red from the Carniolan coat of arms (the shield, the eagle and the crescent) were confirmed as the official flag colors of the crownland in 1848. Since the Duchy of Carniola was the main Slovene-populated region of the Austrian Empire, the color scheme was subsequently accepted as the generic Slovene national tricolor by the inhabitants of other <a href="/wiki/Slovene_Lands" title="Slovene Lands">Slovene Lands</a>. </p><p>As for the coat of arms, it was abandoned after 1918 with the passing of the Duchy of Carniola. The blue eagle of Carniola was, however, briefly resurrected from 1943 to 1945 as the symbol of the Slovenian auxiliary Axis forces, the <a href="/wiki/Slovene_Home_Guard" title="Slovene Home Guard">Slovene Home Guard</a>. It was also used in the Yugoslav <a href="/wiki/Kara%C4%91or%C4%91evi%C4%87_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Karađorđević dynasty">Karađorđević dynasty</a> coat-of-arms in the interwar period (and was replaced in the state coat-of-arms of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia" title="Kingdom of Yugoslavia">Kingdom of Yugoslavia</a> by the three stars of the medieval <a href="/wiki/Counts_of_Celje" title="Counts of Celje">counts of Celje</a>). </p><p>The insignia of the Duchy of Carniola have had an important and lasting impact on Slovene national symbols. Thus, the white-blue-red combination of the flag of the Duchy of Carniola is in use today as the official color scheme of the flag of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Slovenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Slovenia">Republic of Slovenia</a>. The Slovenian coat of arms is also a heraldic composite, incorporating the stars of the counts of Celje, the Carniolan colors and the silhouette of the Slovene national symbol, Mount <a href="/wiki/Triglav" title="Triglav">Triglav</a>. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile vcard plainlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><div class="sidebar-pretitle" style="margin: -0.2em 0; font-size:69%; font-weight:normal;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_Slovenia" title="Category:History of Slovenia">a series</a> on the</div></th> </tr><tr> <th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style=""><a href="/wiki/History_of_Slovenia" title="History of Slovenia">History of <span class="fn org label">Slovenia</span></a></th> </tr><tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.4em; border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Slovenia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Coat_of_arms_of_Slovenia.svg/80px-Coat_of_arms_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Coat_of_arms_of_Slovenia.svg/120px-Coat_of_arms_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Coat_of_arms_of_Slovenia.svg/160px-Coat_of_arms_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="511" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Italy" title="Roman Italy">Italy</a> / <a href="/wiki/Noricum" title="Noricum">Noricum</a> / <a href="/wiki/Pannonia" title="Pannonia">Pannonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavic_settlement_of_the_Eastern_Alps" title="Slavic settlement of the Eastern Alps">Slavic settlement of the Eastern Alps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pannonian_Avars" title="Pannonian Avars">Avars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samo%27s_Empire" title="Samo's Empire">Samo's Realm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carantania" title="Carantania">Carantania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carniola" title="Carniola">Carneola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_of_Carniola" title="March of Carniola">March of Carniola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windic_March" title="Windic March">Windic March</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Duchy of Carniola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" title="Republic of Venice">Venetian Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illyrian_Provinces" title="Illyrian Provinces">Illyrian Provinces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Illyria" title="Kingdom of Illyria">Kingdom of Illyria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inner_Austria" title="Inner Austria">Inner Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezia_Giulia" class="mw-redirect" title="Venezia Giulia">Venezia Giulia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drava_Banovina" title="Drava Banovina">Drava Banovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_in_the_Slovene_Lands" title="World War II in the Slovene Lands">World War II in the Slovene Lands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Republic_of_Slovenia" title="Socialist Republic of Slovenia">Socialist Republic of Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ten-Day_War" title="Ten-Day War">Ten-Day War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Republic of Slovenia</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid; border-bottom:#aaa 1px solid;"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/16px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/24px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, 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a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:History_of_Slovenia" title="Template:History of Slovenia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:History_of_Slovenia" title="Template talk:History of Slovenia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:History_of_Slovenia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:History of Slovenia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dukes">Dukes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duchy_of_Carniola&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Dukes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_IV,_Duke_of_Austria" title="Rudolf IV, Duke of Austria">Rudolf</a> (1364–1365), also Duke of <a href="/wiki/Archduchy_of_Austria" title="Archduchy of Austria">Austria</a> since 1358, followed by his brothers <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albert_III,_Duke_of_Austria" title="Albert III, Duke of Austria">Albert</a> (1365–1379), jointly with</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_III,_Duke_of_Austria" title="Leopold III, Duke of Austria">Leopold</a> (1365–1386), progenitor of the Habsburg <a href="/wiki/Leopoldian_line" title="Leopoldian line">Leopoldian line</a>, sole Duke of <a href="/wiki/Inner_Austria" title="Inner Austria">Inner Austria</a> after the 1379 <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Neuberg" title="Treaty of Neuberg">Treaty of Neuberg</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William,_Duke_of_Austria" title="William, Duke of Austria">William</a> (1386–1406), son of Leopold, followed by his brother <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ernest,_Duke_of_Austria" title="Ernest, Duke of Austria">Ernest the Iron</a> (1406–1424), <a href="/wiki/Archduke" title="Archduke">Archduke</a> from 1414</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor">Frederick</a> (1424–1493), son of Ernest, <a href="/wiki/King_of_the_Romans" title="King of the Romans">King of the Romans</a> from 1440 and <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Holy Roman Emperor">Holy Roman Emperor</a> from 1452, also Archduke of Austria from 1457</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximilian_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor">Maximilian I</a> (1493–1519), son, also Archduke of Austria, Holy Roman Emperor from 1508</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles I</a> (1519–1521), grandson, also Archduke of Austria, Emperor-elect from 1520, followed by his brother <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor">Ferdinand I</a> (1521–1564), also Archduke of Austria, King of the Romans from 1531, Holy Roman Emperor from 1558</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_II,_Archduke_of_Austria" title="Charles II, Archduke of Austria">Charles II</a> (1564–1590), son of Ferdinand, Archduke of Inner Austria upon second partition of the Habsburg lands</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor">Ferdinand II</a> (1590–1637), son, also Archduke of Austria and Holy Roman Emperor from 1619</li></ul> <p>Heir of all Habsburg lines in 1619. See <a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Austria" title="List of rulers of Austria">List of rulers of Austria</a> for details. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duchy_of_Carniola&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carniola" title="Carniola">Carniola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovene_dialects" title="Slovene dialects">Slovene dialects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gottschee" title="Gottschee">Gottschee County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Slovenia" title="Flag of Slovenia">Flag of Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Slovenia" title="History of Slovenia">History of Slovenia</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duchy_of_Carniola&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Pipp-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Pipp_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pipp_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFPipp1935" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Pipp, Lojze (1935). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dlib.si/stream/URN:NBN:SI:DOC-0GBMI71V/7473cdee-a0c0-405b-aed2-39786b347805/PDF">"Razvoj števila prebivalstva Ljubljane in bivše vojvodine Kranjske"</a> [The Development of the Number of Population of Ljubljana and the Former Duchy of Carniola]. <i>Kronika Slovenskih Mest</i> (in Slovenian). <b>2</b> (1). City Municipality of Ljubljana.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Kronika+Slovenskih+Mest&rft.atitle=Razvoj+%C5%A1tevila+prebivalstva+Ljubljane+in+biv%C5%A1e+vojvodine+Kranjske&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=1&rft.date=1935&rft.aulast=Pipp&rft.aufirst=Lojze&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dlib.si%2Fstream%2FURN%3ANBN%3ASI%3ADOC-0GBMI71V%2F7473cdee-a0c0-405b-aed2-39786b347805%2FPDF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADuchy+of+Carniola" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPerkoOrožen_Adamič1998" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Perko, Drago; Orožen Adamič, Milan, eds. (1998). <i>Slovenija – pokrajine in ljudje</i> [<i>Slovenia – Landscapes and People</i>] (in Slovenian). Mladinska knjiga. p. 16. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788611150338" title="Special:BookSources/9788611150338"><bdi>9788611150338</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Slovenija+%E2%80%93+pokrajine+in+ljudje&rft.pages=16&rft.pub=Mladinska+knjiga&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=9788611150338&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADuchy+of+Carniola" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-A.J.P._Taylor_1918,_page_302-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-A.J.P._Taylor_1918,_page_302_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-A.J.P._Taylor_1918,_page_302_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">A.J.P. Taylor, The Habsburg Monarchy 1809–1918, 1948: Serbian edition: A. Dž. P. Tejlor, Habzburška monarhija 1809–1918, Beograd, 2001, page 302.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duchy_of_Carniola&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070629031714/http://www.terra.es/personal7/jqvaraderey/185915BK.GIF">Map – Duchy of Carniola in 1849</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101104123014/http://www.un.int/slovenia/insignia.html">Slovenian National Insignia</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/44px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/House_of_Habsburg" title="House of Habsburg">Habsburg</a> lands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archduchy_of_Austria" title="Archduchy of Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Carinthia" title="Duchy of Carinthia">Carinthia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Carniola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Further_Austria" title="Further Austria">Further Austria</a> (<a href="/wiki/Weingarten,_W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Weingarten, Württemberg">Altdorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_of_Bregenz" title="County of Bregenz">Bregenz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breisgau" title="Breisgau">Breisgau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margraviate_of_Burgau" class="mw-redirect" title="Margraviate of Burgau">Burgau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counts_of_Hohenberg_(Swabia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Counts of Hohenberg (Swabia)">Hohenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishopric_of_Constance" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishopric of Constance">Konstanz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ortenau" title="Ortenau">Ortenau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stockach" title="Stockach">Stockach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sundgau" title="Sundgau">Sundgau</a> <small>(until 1648)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tettnang" title="Tettnang">Tettnang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winnweiler" title="Winnweiler">Winnweiler</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_of_Gorizia" title="County of Gorizia">Gorizia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_of_Istria" title="March of Istria">Istria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Styria" title="Duchy of Styria">Styria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarasp" title="Tarasp">Tarasp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tengen,_Germany" title="Tengen, Germany">Tengen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trieste" title="Trieste">Trieste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_of_Tyrol" title="County of Tyrol">Tyrol</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_Austrian_Circle.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Map indicating the Austrian Circle of the Holy Roman Empire"><img alt="Map indicating the Austrian Circle of the Holy Roman Empire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Locator_Austrian_Circle.svg/100px-Locator_Austrian_Circle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Locator_Austrian_Circle.svg/150px-Locator_Austrian_Circle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Locator_Austrian_Circle.svg/200px-Locator_Austrian_Circle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1165" data-file-height="1140" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Habsburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Habsburg">Habsburg</a>’s <a href="/wiki/Vassal" title="Vassal">vassals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Liechtenstein" class="mw-redirect" title="Principality of Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><span style="padding-left:22px;"> </span><a href="/wiki/Prince-Bishop" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince-Bishop">Prince-Bishoprics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prince-Bishopric_of_Brixen" title="Prince-Bishopric of Brixen">Brixen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince-Bishopric_of_Chur" title="Prince-Bishopric of Chur">Chur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince-Bishopric_of_Trent" title="Prince-Bishopric of Trent">Trent</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of the Teutonic Order"><img alt="Coat of arms of the Teutonic Order" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg/17px-Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg/26px-Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg/35px-Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="260" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Teutonic_Knights" class="mw-redirect" title="Teutonic Knights">Teutonic</a> bailiwicks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/An_der_Etsch" title="An der Etsch">An der Etsch</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bailiwick_of_Austria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bailiwick of Austria (page does not exist)">Austria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>Circles est. 1500: <a href="/wiki/Bavarian_Circle" title="Bavarian Circle">Bavarian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Swabian_Circle" title="Swabian Circle">Swabian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Upper_Rhenish_Circle" title="Upper Rhenish Circle">Upper Rhenish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lower_Rhenish%E2%80%93Westphalian_Circle" title="Lower Rhenish–Westphalian Circle">Lower Rhenish–Westphalian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Franconian_Circle" title="Franconian Circle">Franconian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lower_Saxon_Circle" title="Lower Saxon Circle">(Lower) Saxon</a><br />Circles est. 1512: <b>Austrian</b>, <a href="/wiki/Burgundian_Circle" title="Burgundian Circle">Burgundian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Upper_Saxon_Circle" title="Upper Saxon Circle">Upper Saxon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Electoral_Rhenish_Circle" title="Electoral Rhenish Circle">Electoral Rhenish</a> <span class="nowrap">   </span> · <span class="nowrap">   </span> <a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_Holy_Roman_Empire_outside_the_Imperial_Circles" title="Territories of the Holy Roman Empire outside the Imperial Circles">Unencircled territories</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Austrian_Empire&#124;link=Austrian_Empire_Crown_lands_of_the_Austrian_Empire_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Austrian_Empire&#124;link=Austrian_Empire" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Crownlands_of_the_Austrian_Empire" title="Template:Crownlands of the Austrian Empire"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Crownlands_of_the_Austrian_Empire" title="Template talk:Crownlands of the Austrian Empire"><abbr title="Discuss this 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Crown_land" title="Crown land">Crown lands</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Empire" title="Austrian Empire">Austrian Empire</a> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Austrian_Empire" title="Austrian Empire"><img alt="Austrian Empire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.25em; line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bohemia" title="Kingdom of Bohemia">Kingdom of Bohemia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Croatia_(Habsburg)" title="Kingdom of Croatia (Habsburg)">Kingdom of Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Dalmatia" title="Kingdom of Dalmatia">Kingdom of Dalmatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Galicia_and_Lodomeria" title="Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria">Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary_(1526%E2%80%931867)" title="Kingdom of Hungary (1526–1867)">Kingdom of Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Illyria" title="Kingdom of Illyria">Kingdom of Illyria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Lombardy%E2%80%93Venetia" title="Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia">Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Slavonia" title="Kingdom of Slavonia">Kingdom of Slavonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduchy_of_Austria" title="Archduchy of Austria">Archduchy of Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Bukovina" title="Duchy of Bukovina">Duchy of Bukovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Carinthia" title="Duchy of Carinthia">Duchy of Carinthia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Duchy of Carniola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Styria" title="Duchy of Styria">Duchy of Styria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Salzburg" title="Duchy of Salzburg">Duchy of Salzburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_Silesia" title="Austrian Silesia">Duchy of Upper and Lower Silesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Transylvania_(1711%E2%80%931867)" title="Principality of Transylvania (1711–1867)">Grand Principality of Transylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_of_Istria#Habsburg_Margraviate" title="March of Istria">Margraviate of Istria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margraviate_of_Moravia" title="Margraviate of Moravia">Margraviate of Moravia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_of_Tyrol#Counts_of_Tyrol" title="County of Tyrol">Princely County of Tyrol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princely_County_of_Gorizia_and_Gradisca" title="Princely County of Gorizia and Gradisca">Princely County of Gorizia and Gradisca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voivodeship_of_Serbia_and_Banat_of_Temeschwar" title="Voivodeship of Serbia and Banat of Temeschwar">Voivodeship of Serbia and Banat of Temeschwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Free_City_of_Trieste" title="Imperial Free City of Trieste">Imperial Free City of Trieste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Frontier" title="Military Frontier">Military Frontier</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Subdivisions_of_Austria-Hungary" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Subdivisions_of_Austria-Hungary" title="Template:Subdivisions of Austria-Hungary"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Subdivisions_of_Austria-Hungary" title="Template talk:Subdivisions of Austria-Hungary"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Subdivisions_of_Austria-Hungary" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Subdivisions of Austria-Hungary"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Subdivisions_of_Austria-Hungary" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Subdivisions of <a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austria-Hungary</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cisleithania" title="Cisleithania">Cisleithania</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archduchy_of_Austria" title="Archduchy of Austria">Archduchy of Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bohemia" title="Kingdom of Bohemia">Kingdom of Bohemia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Bukovina" title="Duchy of Bukovina">Duchy of Bukovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Carinthia" title="Duchy of Carinthia">Duchy of Carinthia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Duchy of Carniola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Dalmatia" title="Kingdom of Dalmatia">Kingdom of Dalmatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Galicia_and_Lodomeria" title="Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria">Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_Littoral" title="Austrian Littoral">Austrian Littoral</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Gorizia_and_Gradisca" class="mw-redirect" title="Gorizia and Gradisca">Gorizia and Gradisca</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/March_of_Istria#Habsburg_Margraviate" title="March of Istria">Istria</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Free_City_of_Trieste" title="Imperial Free City of Trieste">Trieste</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margraviate_of_Moravia" title="Margraviate of Moravia">Margraviate of Moravia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Salzburg" title="Duchy of Salzburg">Duchy of Salzburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_Silesia" title="Austrian Silesia">Duchy of Upper and Lower Silesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Styria" title="Duchy of Styria">Duchy of Styria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_of_Tyrol" title="County of Tyrol">County of Tyrol</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/County_of_Vorarlberg" class="mw-redirect" title="County of Vorarlberg">County of Vorarlberg</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Transleithania" class="mw-redirect" title="Transleithania">Transleithania</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary" title="Kingdom of Hungary">Kingdom of Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Croatia-Slavonia" title="Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia">Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corpus_separatum_(Fiume)" title="Corpus separatum (Fiume)">Fiume and its surroundings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Frontier" title="Military Frontier">Military Frontier</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1867–1882)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Condominium_(international_law)" title="Condominium (international law)">Condominiums</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_rule_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Austro-Hungarian rule in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<i>de jure</i> 1908–1918; <i>de facto</i> 1878–1918)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanjak_of_Novi_Pazar" title="Sanjak of Novi Pazar">Sanjak of Novi Pazar</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(de facto 1878–1908)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Bucharest_(1918)" title="Treaty of Bucharest (1918)">Carpathian passes</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1918)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_concession_of_Tianjin" title="Austro-Hungarian concession of Tianjin">Concession zone in Tianjin</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1901–1917)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Slovenia_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Slovenia_topics" title="Template:Slovenia topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Slovenia_topics" title="Template talk:Slovenia topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Slovenia_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Slovenia topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Slovenia_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a> articles</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Slovenia" title="History of Slovenia">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Slovenian_history" title="Timeline of Slovenian history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noricum" title="Noricum">Noricum</a> / <a href="/wiki/Pannonia" title="Pannonia">Pannonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavic_settlement_of_the_Eastern_Alps" title="Slavic settlement of the Eastern Alps">Slavic settlement of the Eastern Alps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samo" title="Samo">Samo's Realm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carantania" title="Carantania">Carantania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_of_Carniola" title="March of Carniola">March of Carniola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windic_March" title="Windic March">Windic March</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illyrian_Provinces" title="Illyrian Provinces">Illyrian Provinces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Illyria" title="Kingdom of Illyria">Kingdom of Illyria</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Duchy of Carniola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drava_Banovina" title="Drava Banovina">Drava Banovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Republic_of_Slovenia" title="Socialist Republic of Slovenia">Socialist Republic</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia"><img alt="Slovenia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Coat_of_arms_of_Slovenia.svg/80px-Coat_of_arms_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Coat_of_arms_of_Slovenia.svg/120px-Coat_of_arms_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Coat_of_arms_of_Slovenia.svg/160px-Coat_of_arms_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="511" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Slovenia" title="Geography of Slovenia">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adriatic_Sea" title="Adriatic Sea">Adriatic Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Slovenia" title="List of cities and towns in Slovenia">Cities and towns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_protected_areas_of_Slovenia" title="List of protected areas of Slovenia">Conservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Slovenia" title="List of islands of Slovenia">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Slovenia" title="List of lakes of Slovenia">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_in_Slovenia" title="List of mountains in Slovenia">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Slovenia" title="Municipalities of Slovenia">Municipalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Slovenia" title="List of rivers of Slovenia">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Slovenia" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Slovenia">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Slovenia" title="Politics of Slovenia">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Slovenia" title="Constitution of Slovenia">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Slovenia" title="Elections in Slovenia">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Slovenia" title="Foreign relations of Slovenia">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Slovenia" title="Government of Slovenia">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Slovenia" title="Judiciary of Slovenia">Judiciary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Slovenia" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Slovenia">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenian_Armed_Forces" title="Slovenian Armed Forces">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenian_Parliament" title="Slovenian Parliament">Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenian_National_Police_Force" title="Slovenian National Police Force">Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Slovenia" title="List of political parties in Slovenia">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Slovenia" title="President of Slovenia">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statistical_regions_of_Slovenia" title="Statistical regions of Slovenia">Statistical regions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Slovenia" title="Economy of Slovenia">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Slovenia" title="Bank of Slovenia">Central bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Slovenia" title="Energy in Slovenia">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ljubljana_Stock_Exchange" title="Ljubljana Stock Exchange">Stock exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Slovenia" title="Telecommunications in Slovenia">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Slovenia" title="Tourism in Slovenia">Tourism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Slovenia" title="Transport in Slovenia">Transport</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Driving_in_Slovenia" title="Driving in Slovenia">Driving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highways_in_Slovenia" title="Highways in Slovenia">Highways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Slovenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Rail transport in Slovenia">Rail transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Slovenia" title="Category:Society of Slovenia">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Slovenia" title="Demographics of Slovenia">Demographics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Slovenes" title="Slovenes">Slovenes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Slovenia" title="Education in Slovenia">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Slovenia" title="Healthcare in Slovenia">Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Slovenia" title="Languages of Slovenia">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_Slovenia" title="Squatting in Slovenia">Squatting</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Slovenia" title="Culture of Slovenia">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Slovenia#Visual_arts,_architecture_and_design" title="Slovenia">Architecture, visual arts, and design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Slovenian_films" title="List of Slovenian films">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenian_cuisine" title="Slovenian cuisine">Cuisine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Slovenian_wine" title="Slovenian wine">Wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovene_literature" title="Slovene literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_Slovenia" title="Mass media in Slovenia">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Slovenia" title="Music of Slovenia">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenian_nationalism" title="Slovenian nationalism">Nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Slovenia" title="Public holidays in Slovenia">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Slovenia" title="Religion in Slovenia">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Slovenia" title="Sport in Slovenia">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Slovenia" title="National symbols of Slovenia">Symbols</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_anthem_of_Slovenia" title="National anthem of Slovenia">anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Slovenia" title="Coat of arms of Slovenia">coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Slovenia" title="Flag of Slovenia">flag</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Slovenia" title="Outline of Slovenia">Outline</a></span></li></ul></div> 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