CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Crown land - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"e377aaaf-7417-461c-bf9f-ee2d5e363a51","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Crown_land","wgTitle":"Crown land","wgCurRevisionId":1258750287,"wgRevisionId":1258750287,"wgArticleId":610038,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["CS1 errors: missing periodical","CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list","Articles containing Vietnamese-language text","Articles with short description","Short description matches Wikidata","Use dmy dates from November 2024","Articles containing German-language text","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from February 2024","Articles containing French-language text","Crown land","Commonwealth realms","Economic history of Europe", "Economic history of North America","Economic history of Oceania","Land registration"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Crown_land","wgRelevantArticleId":610038,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":30000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false, "wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q5473816","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","ext.scribunto.logs", "site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Bayeux_Tapestry_scene23_Harold_sacramentum_fecit_Willelmo_duci.jpg/1200px-Bayeux_Tapestry_scene23_Harold_sacramentum_fecit_Willelmo_duci.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="820"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Bayeux_Tapestry_scene23_Harold_sacramentum_fecit_Willelmo_duci.jpg/800px-Bayeux_Tapestry_scene23_Harold_sacramentum_fecit_Willelmo_duci.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="546"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Bayeux_Tapestry_scene23_Harold_sacramentum_fecit_Willelmo_duci.jpg/640px-Bayeux_Tapestry_scene23_Harold_sacramentum_fecit_Willelmo_duci.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="437"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Crown land - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crown_land"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Crown_land&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crown_land"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Crown_land rootpage-Crown_land skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Crown+land" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Crown+land" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Crown+land" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Crown+land" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Australia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Australia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Australia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Australia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Austria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Austria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Austria</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Austria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bohemia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bohemia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Bohemia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bohemia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Barbados" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Barbados"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Barbados</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Barbados-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Canada" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Canada"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Canada</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Canada-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Canada subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Canada-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Alberta" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alberta"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Alberta</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alberta-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-British_Columbia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#British_Columbia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>British Columbia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-British_Columbia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Saskatchewan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Saskatchewan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Saskatchewan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Saskatchewan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Newfoundland_and_Labrador" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Newfoundland_and_Labrador"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Newfoundland and Labrador</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Newfoundland_and_Labrador-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_Brunswick" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_Brunswick"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>New Brunswick</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_Brunswick-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nova_Scotia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nova_Scotia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6</span> <span>Nova Scotia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nova_Scotia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Manitoba" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Manitoba"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.7</span> <span>Manitoba</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Manitoba-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ontario" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ontario"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.8</span> <span>Ontario</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ontario-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prince_Edward_Island" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prince_Edward_Island"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.9</span> <span>Prince Edward Island</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prince_Edward_Island-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Quebec" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Quebec"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.10</span> <span>Quebec</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Quebec-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-France" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#France"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>France</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-France-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hawaii" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hawaii"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Hawaii</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hawaii-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hong_Kong" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hong_Kong"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Hong Kong</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hong_Kong-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Poland_and_Lithuania" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Poland_and_Lithuania"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Poland and Lithuania</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Poland_and_Lithuania-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Poland and Lithuania subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Poland_and_Lithuania-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Legal_condition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legal_condition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Legal condition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legal_condition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Conditions_in_the_Crown" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conditions_in_the_Crown"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Conditions in the Crown</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Conditions_in_the_Crown-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Situation_in_Lithuania" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Situation_in_Lithuania"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>Situation in Lithuania</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Situation_in_Lithuania-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spain" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spain"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Spain</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spain-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_Kingdom_and_its_predecessor_states" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_Kingdom_and_its_predecessor_states"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>United Kingdom and its predecessor states</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_Kingdom_and_its_predecessor_states-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vietnam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vietnam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Vietnam</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vietnam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Crown land</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 18 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-18" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">18 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krongods" title="Krongods – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Krongods" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krongut" title="Krongut – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Krongut" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tierras_de_la_Corona" title="Tierras de la Corona – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Tierras de la Corona" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terre_de_la_Couronne" title="Terre de la Couronne – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Terre de la Couronne" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanah_mahkota" title="Tanah mahkota – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tanah mahkota" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konungsj%C3%B6r%C3%B0" title="Konungsjörð – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Konungsjörð" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terra_della_corona" title="Terra della corona – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Terra della corona" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%92%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%AC%E1%83%90" title="გვირგვინის მიწა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="გვირგვინის მიწა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kar%C5%ABna_(karalyst%C4%97)" title="Karūna (karalystė) – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Karūna (karalystė)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanah_Mahkota" title="Tanah Mahkota – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Tanah Mahkota" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kroondomein" title="Kroondomein – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kroondomein" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krongods" title="Krongods – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Krongods" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kr%C3%B3lewszczyzna" title="Królewszczyzna – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Królewszczyzna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Земли Короны – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Земли Короны" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kr%C3%A1%C4%BEovsk%C3%A1_dom%C3%A9na" title="Kráľovská doména – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kráľovská doména" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="அரசு நிலம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அரசு நிலம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B2%D1%89%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Королівщина – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Королівщина" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%98%E5%9C%B0" title="官地 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="官地" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q5473816#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Crown_land" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Crown_land" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Crown_land"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crown_land&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crown_land&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Crown_land"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crown_land&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crown_land&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Crown_land" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Crown_land" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crown_land&oldid=1258750287" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crown_land&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Crown_land&id=1258750287&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FCrown_land"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FCrown_land"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Crown_land&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crown_land&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q5473816" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Territory belonging to a monarch</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the territorial area belonging to a monarch. For the band, see <a href="/wiki/Crown_Lands_(band)" title="Crown Lands (band)">Crown Lands (band)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="width:16em"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/Feudalism_in_England" title="Feudalism in England">English feudalism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bayeux_Tapestry_scene23_Harold_sacramentum_fecit_Willelmo_duci.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Bayeux_Tapestry_scene23_Harold_sacramentum_fecit_Willelmo_duci.jpg/200px-Bayeux_Tapestry_scene23_Harold_sacramentum_fecit_Willelmo_duci.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Bayeux_Tapestry_scene23_Harold_sacramentum_fecit_Willelmo_duci.jpg/300px-Bayeux_Tapestry_scene23_Harold_sacramentum_fecit_Willelmo_duci.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Bayeux_Tapestry_scene23_Harold_sacramentum_fecit_Willelmo_duci.jpg/400px-Bayeux_Tapestry_scene23_Harold_sacramentum_fecit_Willelmo_duci.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2407" data-file-height="1644" /></a></span><div class="sidebar-caption" style="padding-bottom:0.3em;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><i><a href="/wiki/Harold_Godwinson#Harold_in_northern_France" title="Harold Godwinson">Harold Sacramentum Fecit Willelmo Duci</a></i><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Bayeux_Tapestry" title="Bayeux Tapestry">Bayeux Tapestry</a>)</span></div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fief" title="Fief">Fief</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_fief" title="Ecclesiastical fief">Ecclesiastical fief</a></li><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Crown land</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Allodial_title" title="Allodial title">Allodial title</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Appanage" title="Appanage">Appanage</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Vassal" title="Vassal">Vassal</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Feoffment" title="Feoffment">Feoffment</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Seignory" title="Seignory">Seignory</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Subinfeudation" title="Subinfeudation">Subinfeudation</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Feoffee" title="Feoffee">Feoffee</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Fealty" title="Fealty">Fealty</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Homage_(feudal)" title="Homage (feudal)">Homage</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Affinity_(medieval)" title="Affinity (medieval)">Affinity</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Feudal_maintenance" title="Feudal maintenance">Feudal maintenance</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Feudal_fragmentation" title="Feudal fragmentation">Feudal fragmentation</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Bastard_feudalism" title="Bastard feudalism">Bastard feudalism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Livery" title="Livery">Livery</a></li></ul></div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Manorialism" title="Manorialism">Manorialism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lord_of_the_manor" title="Lord of the manor">Lord of the manor</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Manorial_court" title="Manorial court">Manorial court</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Manor_house" title="Manor house">Manor house</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_manor_houses" title="List of manor houses">List</a>)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Demesne" title="Demesne">Demesne</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Glebe" title="Glebe">Glebe</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Overlord" title="Overlord">Overlord</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Lord" title="Lord">Lord</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Peasant" title="Peasant">Peasant</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Serfdom" title="Serfdom">Serfdom</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Free_tenant" title="Free tenant">Free tenant</a></li></ul></div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Feudal_land_tenure_in_England" title="Feudal land tenure in England">Feudal land tenure in England</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Land_tenure" title="Land tenure">Land tenure</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/English_feudal_barony" title="English feudal barony">English feudal barony</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Feudal_baron" title="Feudal baron">Feudal baron</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Knight%27s_fee" title="Knight's fee">Knight's fee</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Knight-service" title="Knight-service">Knight-service</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Baronage" title="Baronage">Baronage</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Peerage" title="Peerage">Peerage</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Serjeanty" title="Serjeanty">Serjeanty</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Copyhold" title="Copyhold">Copyhold</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Freehold_(law)" title="Freehold (law)">Freehold</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Gavelkind" title="Gavelkind">Gavelkind</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Customary_freehold" title="Customary freehold">Customary freehold</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Landed_gentry" title="Landed gentry">Landed gentry</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Peerages_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Peerages in the United Kingdom">Peerages in the United Kingdom</a></li></ul></div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Feudal_duties" title="Feudal duties">Feudal duties</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-bottom:0.8em;"> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avera_and_inward" title="Avera and inward">Avera and inward</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Socage" title="Socage">Socage</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Scutage" title="Scutage">Scutage</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Feudal_aid" title="Feudal aid">Feudal aid</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Scot_and_lot" title="Scot and lot">Scot and lot</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Tallage" title="Tallage">Tallage</a></li></ul></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-top:0.15em;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/Feudalism" title="Feudalism">Feudalism</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:English_feudalism" title="Template:English feudalism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:English_feudalism" title="Template talk:English feudalism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:English_feudalism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:English feudalism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Crown land</b>, also known as <b>royal domain</b>, is a territorial area belonging to the monarch, who personifies <a href="/wiki/The_Crown" title="The Crown">the Crown</a>. It is the equivalent of an <a href="/wiki/Fee_tail" title="Fee tail">entailed</a> <a href="/wiki/Estate_(land)" title="Estate (land)">estate</a> and passes with the monarchy, being inseparable from it. Today, in <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_realm" title="Commonwealth realm">Commonwealth realms</a>, crown land is considered <a href="/wiki/Public_land" title="Public land">public land</a> and is apart from the monarch's private estate. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Australia">Australia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crown_land&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Australia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_land_rights_in_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Aboriginal land rights in Australia">Aboriginal land rights in Australia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Native_title_in_Australia" title="Native title in Australia">Native title in Australia</a></div> <p>In Australia, public lands without a specific tenure (e.g. National Park or State Forest) are referred to as Crown land or State Land, which is described as being held in the "right of the Crown" of either an individual <a href="/wiki/States_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="States of Australia">State</a> or the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Commonwealth of Australia">Commonwealth of Australia</a> (as Australia is a federation, there is no single "Crown" as legal entity). Most Crown lands in Australia are held by the Crown in the right of a State. The only land held by the Commonwealth consists of land in the Northern Territory (surrendered by South Australia), the Australian Capital Territory, Jervis Bay Territory, and small areas acquired for airports, defence and other government purposes. </p><p>Each jurisdiction has its own policies towards the sale and use of Crown lands within the State. For example, <a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales" title="New South Wales">New South Wales</a>, where over half of all land is Crown land,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> passed a controversial reform in 2005 requiring Crown lands to be rated at market value.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Crown lands include land set aside for various government or public purposes, development, town planning, as well as vacant land. Crown lands comprise around 23% of Australian land, of which the largest single category is vacant land, comprising 12.5% of the land.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Crown land is used for such things as airports, military grounds (Commonwealth), public utilities (usually State), or is sometimes unallocated and reserved for future development. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Tasmania" title="Tasmania">Tasmania</a>, Crown land is managed under the <i>Crown Lands Act 1976</i>. In Queensland, Unallocated State Land is managed under the <i>Land Act 1994</i>. In <a href="/wiki/South_Australia" title="South Australia">South Australia</a>, the relevant Act is the <i>Crown Land Management Act 2009</i>. In <a href="/wiki/Victoria_(Australia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Victoria (Australia)">Victoria</a>, it is the <i>Crown Land (Reserves) Act 1978</i> and the <i>Land Act 1958</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Austria">Austria</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crown_land&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Austria"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From the late 18th century onwards, the territories acquired by the Austrian <a href="/wiki/Habsburg_monarchy" title="Habsburg monarchy">Habsburg monarchy</a> were called crown lands (<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de">Kronländer</i>). Initially ruled in <a href="/wiki/Personal_union" title="Personal union">personal union</a> by the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Lorraine" title="House of Lorraine">House of Habsburg-Lorraine</a>, they played a vital role as constituent lands of the Habsburg <a href="/wiki/Nation-building" title="Nation-building">nation-building</a> and were ultimately reorganised as <a href="/wiki/Administrative_division" title="Administrative division">administrative divisions</a> of the centralised <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Empire" title="Austrian Empire">Austrian Empire</a> established in 1804. During the restoration period after the <a href="/wiki/Revolutions_of_1848_in_the_Austrian_Empire" title="Revolutions of 1848 in the Austrian Empire">Revolutions of 1848</a>, the Austrian crown lands were ruled by <i>Statthalter</i> governors directly subordinate to the <a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_Austria" title="Emperor of Austria">Emperor</a> according to the 1849 <a href="/wiki/March_Constitution_of_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="March Constitution of Austria">March Constitution</a>. </p><p>By the 1861 <a href="/wiki/February_Patent" title="February Patent">February Patent</a>, proclaimed by Emperor <a href="/wiki/Franz_Joseph_I_of_Austria" title="Franz Joseph I of Austria">Franz Joseph I</a>, the Austrian crown lands received a certain autonomy. The traditional <i><a href="/wiki/Landst%C3%A4nde" title="Landstände">Landstände</a></i> (estates) assemblies were elevated to <i><a href="/wiki/Landtag" title="Landtag">Landtage</a></i> legislatures, partly elected according to the principle of census <a href="/wiki/Suffrage" title="Suffrage">suffrage</a>. </p><p>After the <a href="/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_Compromise_of_1867" title="Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867">Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary" title="Kingdom of Hungary">Kingdom of Hungary</a> (with the <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Transylvania_(1711%E2%80%931867)" title="Principality of Transylvania (1711–1867)">Principality of Transylvania</a>), the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Croatia-Slavonia" title="Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia">Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Corpus_separatum_(Fiume)" title="Corpus separatum (Fiume)">Fiume</a> became constituent parts of the <a href="/wiki/Lands_of_the_Crown_of_Saint_Stephen" title="Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen">Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Transleithania" class="mw-redirect" title="Transleithania">Transleithania</a></i>); ruled in <a href="/wiki/Real_union" title="Real union">real union</a> with the remaining Austrian crown lands (officially: "The Kingdoms and Lands represented in the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Council_(Austria)" title="Imperial Council (Austria)">Imperial Council</a>") of <i><a href="/wiki/Cisleithania" title="Cisleithania">Cisleithania</a></i> until the disintegration of the dual monarchy in 1918. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bohemia">Bohemia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crown_land&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Bohemia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Czech_lands" title="Czech lands">Czech lands</a></div> <p>The medieval European state of the <a href="/wiki/Lands_of_the_Bohemian_Crown" title="Lands of the Bohemian Crown">Crown of Bohemia</a>, which was an <a href="/wiki/Prince-elector" title="Prince-elector">electorate</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a>, consisted of crown lands: <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bohemia" title="Kingdom of Bohemia">Kingdom of Bohemia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Margraviate_of_Moravia" title="Margraviate of Moravia">Margraviate of Moravia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Duchies_of_Silesia" title="Duchies of Silesia">Duchies of Silesia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Upper_Lusatia" title="Upper Lusatia">Upper</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lower_Lusatia" title="Lower Lusatia">Lower Lusatia</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Barbados">Barbados</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crown_land&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Barbados"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When it was a commonwealth realm, in <a href="/wiki/Barbados" title="Barbados">Barbados</a>, the term crown land extended to all land that is under the control or ownership of <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Barbados" title="Government of Barbados">The Crown</a> (a.k.a. the Government).<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This could also pertain to land seized by the government, (either through <a href="/wiki/Eminent_domain" title="Eminent domain">eminent domain</a> or due to criminal activity), or toward lands with backed taxes. The term Crown lands had been used in relation to government owned farms, beaches, and other land areas also maintained by the <a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Housing_Corporation_(Barbados)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Housing Corporation (Barbados) (page does not exist)">National Housing Corporation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Government did not allow private ownership of Barbados' 97 kilometres (60 mi) of coastal beaches in the country, and all areas below the high-tide watermark in the country were considered specifically as "Crown land". </p><p>After 30 November 2021, Barbados had <a href="/wiki/Republicanism_in_Barbados" title="Republicanism in Barbados">transitioned to a republic</a>, replacing the <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Barbados" title="Monarchy of Barbados">Monarchy of Barbados</a> with a <a href="/wiki/President_of_Barbados" title="President of Barbados">president</a> as head of state. This caused all crown lands to become <i>state lands</i> instead.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Effectively in practice, however, functions of state lands remained the same as crown lands. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Canada">Canada</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crown_land&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Canada"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_land_claims_in_Canada" title="Indigenous land claims in Canada">Indigenous land claims in Canada</a>, <a href="/wiki/First_Nations_in_Canada" title="First Nations in Canada">First Nations in Canada</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Land_ownership_in_Canada" title="Land ownership in Canada">Land ownership in Canada</a></div> <p>Within Canada, Crown land is a designated territorial area belonging to the <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Canada" title="Monarchy of Canada">Canadian Crown</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AlbertaPL_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AlbertaPL-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Though the monarch owns all Crown land in the country, it is divided in parallel with the "division" of the Crown among the <a href="/wiki/Provinces_and_territories_of_Canada" title="Provinces and territories of Canada">federal and provincial jurisdictions</a>, so that some lands within the provinces are administered by the relevant <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_in_the_Canadian_provinces" title="Monarchy in the Canadian provinces">provincial Crown</a>, whereas others are under the <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Canada" title="Monarchy of Canada">federal Crown</a>. About 89% of Canada's land area (8,886,356 km<sup>2</sup> or 3,431,041 sq mi) is Crown land: 41% is federal crown land and 48% is provincial crown land. The remaining 11% is privately owned.<sup id="cite_ref-Crown_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Crown-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most federal Crown land is in the territories (<a href="/wiki/Northwest_Territories" title="Northwest Territories">Northwest Territories</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nunavut" title="Nunavut">Nunavut</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Yukon" title="Yukon">Yukon</a>) and is administered by <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_and_Northern_Affairs_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada">Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada</a>. Only 4% of land in the provinces is federally controlled, largely in the form of <a href="/wiki/National_Parks_of_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="National Parks of Canada">national parks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indian_reserve" title="Indian reserve">Indian reserves</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Forces_base" title="Canadian Forces base">Canadian Forces bases</a>. In contrast, provinces hold much of their territory as provincial Crown land, which may be held as <a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_provincial_parks" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Canadian provincial parks">provincial parks</a> or wilderness. </p><p>Crown land is the equivalent of an <a href="/wiki/Fee_tail" title="Fee tail">entailed</a> <a href="/wiki/Estate_(land)" title="Estate (land)">estate</a> that passes with the monarchy and cannot be <a href="/wiki/Title_(property)" title="Title (property)">alienated</a> from it; thus, per <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_convention_(political_custom)" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitutional convention (political custom)">constitutional convention</a>, these lands cannot be unilaterally sold by the monarch, instead passing on to the next king or queen unless the sovereign is <a href="/wiki/Advice_(constitutional)" class="mw-redirect" title="Advice (constitutional)">advised</a> otherwise by the relevant <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_the_Crown" title="Minister of the Crown">ministers of the Crown</a>. Crown land provides the country and the provinces with the majority of their profits from <a href="/wiki/Natural_resource" title="Natural resource">natural resources</a>, largely but not exclusively provincial, rented for logging and mineral exploration rights; revenues flow to the relevant government and may constitute a major income stream, such as in <a href="/wiki/Alberta" title="Alberta">Alberta</a>. Crown land may also be rented by individuals wishing to build homes or cottages. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alberta">Alberta</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crown_land&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Alberta"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the province of <a href="/wiki/Alberta" title="Alberta">Alberta</a>, Crown land, also called <i>public land</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-AlbertaPL_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AlbertaPL-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is territory registered in the name of "His Majesty the <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_in_Alberta" title="Monarchy in Alberta">King in right of Alberta</a> as Represented by [specific <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_the_Crown" title="Minister of the Crown">Minister of the Crown</a>]" and remains under the administration of the mentioned minister until the land is sold or transferred via legislation,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> such as an <a href="/wiki/Order_in_council" class="mw-redirect" title="Order in council">order in council</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Crown land is governed by the <i>Public Lands Act</i>, originally passed as the <i>Provincial Lands Act</i> in 1931 and renamed in 1949.<sup id="cite_ref-AlbertaPL_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AlbertaPL-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="British_Columbia">British Columbia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crown_land&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: British Columbia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>94% of the land in <a href="/wiki/British_Columbia" title="British Columbia">British Columbia</a> is provincial Crown land, 2% of which is covered by fresh water. Federal Crown land makes up a further 1% of the province, including Indian reserves, defence lands and federal harbours, while 5% is privately owned. The Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural Resource Operations issues Crown land tenures and sells Crown land on behalf of the <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_in_British_Columbia" title="Monarchy in British Columbia">Crown in Right of British Columbia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Saskatchewan">Saskatchewan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crown_land&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Saskatchewan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Approximately 65% of Saskatchewan's land is Crown land.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Newfoundland_and_Labrador">Newfoundland and Labrador</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crown_land&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Newfoundland and Labrador"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>95% of <a href="/wiki/Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Newfoundland and Labrador">Newfoundland and Labrador</a> is provincial Crown land.<sup id="cite_ref-Crown_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Crown-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="New_Brunswick">New Brunswick</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crown_land&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: New Brunswick"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Currently, 48% of New Brunswick's territory is Crown land,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> used for such things as for conservation projects, <a href="/wiki/Exploitation_of_natural_resources" title="Exploitation of natural resources">resource exploitation</a>, and recreation activities. However, through treaties between <a href="/wiki/First_Nations_in_Canada" title="First Nations in Canada">First Nations</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Canada" title="Monarchy of Canada">Crown in Right of Canada</a>, the provincial Crown grants or denies long-term use of Crown lands by aboriginals, as per the treaties. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nova_Scotia">Nova Scotia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crown_land&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Nova Scotia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As of October 2013, of the 5.3 million hectares (13 million acres) of land in <a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia</a>, approximately 1.53 million hectares (3.8 million acres or about 29% of the province) is designated as Crown land.<sup id="cite_ref-CrownLandNovaScotia_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CrownLandNovaScotia-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Crown land is owned by the province and managed by the Department of Natural Resources on behalf of the citizens of Nova Scotia. It is a collective asset which belongs to all Nova Scotians.<sup id="cite_ref-CrownLandNovaScotia_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CrownLandNovaScotia-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many acres of Crown land are licensed for a variety of economic purposes to help build and maintain the prosperity of the province. These purposes range from licenses and leases for cranberry bogs, forestry operations, peat bogs, power lines, wind energy, to broadband towers, and tidal energy. In addition, most of the submerged lands (the sea bed) along the province's 9,000 kilometres (5,600 mi) of coastline are also considered Crown land. Exceptions would include federally and privately owned waterlots. The province owns other land across Nova Scotia, including wilderness areas, protected areas, highways, roads, and provincial buildings. These parcels and structures are managed and administered by other departments and are not considered Crown land.<sup id="cite_ref-CrownLandNovaScotia_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CrownLandNovaScotia-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Manitoba">Manitoba</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crown_land&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Manitoba"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>By the <i>Crown Lands Act</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Queen-in-Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen-in-Council">Lieutenant Governor-in-Council</a> alone has the ability to augment or disperse Crown land and to determine the price of any Crown land being bought or leased. Crown land is used for varying purposes, including agriculture, <a href="/wiki/Wind_farm" title="Wind farm">wind farming</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-wind_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wind-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and cottages, while other areas are set aside for research, environmental protection, public recreation, and resource management.<sup id="cite_ref-wind_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wind-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Approximately 95% of the province's forests sit within provincial Crown land.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ontario">Ontario</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crown_land&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Ontario"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>87% of the province is Crown land, of which 95% is in northern Ontario. It is managed by the Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry and is used for economic development, tourism and recreation.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prince_Edward_Island">Prince Edward Island</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crown_land&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Prince Edward Island"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>88% of the land on Prince Edward Island (PEI) is privately held, leaving 12% of the land as public, or Crown, land. It is the province with the smallest percentage of Crown land, and it is managed by the Ministry of Environment, Energy, and Climate Action.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Usage of these lands is for non-economic purposes such as hunting, fishing, trapping, foraging, hiking and bird watching. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Quebec">Quebec</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crown_land&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Quebec"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>More than 92% of Quebec's territory is Crown land. This heritage and the natural resources that it contains are developed to contribute to the socioeconomic development of all regions of Quebec. Public land is used for a variety of purposes: forestry, mineral, energy, and wildlife resources; developing natural spaces, including parks for recreation and conservation, ecological preserves, and wildlife refuges and habitats; developing infrastructure for industrial and public utilities purposes as well as for leisure and vacation purposes.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="France">France</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crown_land&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: France"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Crown_lands_of_France" title="Crown lands of France">Crown lands of France</a></div> <p>The crown lands, crown estate, or royal domain (<i>domaine royal</i>) of France refers to the lands and <a href="/wiki/Fief" title="Fief">fiefs</a> directly possessed by the <a href="/wiki/Kings_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Kings of France">kings of France</a>. Before the reign of <a href="/wiki/Henry_IV_of_France" title="Henry IV of France">Henry IV</a>, the royal domain did not encompass the entirety of the <a href="/wiki/Territorial_formation_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Territorial formation of France">territory of the kingdom of France</a> and for much of the Middle Ages significant portions of the kingdom were direct possessions of other feudal lords. </p><p>In the 10th and 11th centuries, the first Capetians—while being rulers of France—were among the least powerful of the great feudal lords of France in terms of territory possessed. Patiently, through the use of feudal law (and, in particular, the confiscation of fiefs from rebellious <a href="/wiki/Vassal" title="Vassal">vassals</a>), skillful marriages with female inheritors of large fiefs, and even by purchase, the kings of France were able to increase the royal domain, which, by the 16th century, began to coincide with the entire kingdom. However, the medieval system of <a href="/wiki/Appanage" title="Appanage">appanage</a> (a concession of a fief by the sovereign to his younger sons and their sons after them, although they could be reincorporated if the last lord had no male heirs) alienated large territories from the royal domain and created dangerous rival territories (especially the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Burgundy" title="Duchy of Burgundy">Duchy of Burgundy</a> in the 14th and 15th centuries). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hawaii">Hawaii</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crown_land&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Hawaii"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Ceded_lands" class="mw-redirect" title="Ceded lands">Ceded lands</a></div> <p>Prior to the <a href="/wiki/Overthrow_of_the_Hawaiian_monarchy" class="mw-redirect" title="Overthrow of the Hawaiian monarchy">overthrow of the Hawaiian monarchy</a>, the Hawaiian monarchs had access to 1.8 million acres (7,300 km<sup>2</sup>), the private lands of <a href="/wiki/Kamehameha_III" title="Kamehameha III">Kamehameha III</a> which he set aside for the dignity of the royal office for the ruler of the Hawaiian monarchy on 8 March 1848 during the <a href="/wiki/Great_Mahele" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Mahele">Great Mahele</a>. Kamehameha III and his successors made these lands their private property, selling, leasing or mortgaging at their enjoyment. At the death of <a href="/wiki/Kamehameha_IV" title="Kamehameha IV">Kamehameha IV</a>, it was decided by the Kingdom's Supreme Court that under the above-mentioned instrument executed by Kamehameha III, reserving the Crown Lands, and under the confirmatory Act of 7 June 1848, "the inheritance is limited to the successors to the throne", "the wearers of the crown which the conqueror had won," and that at the same time "each successive possessor may regulate and dispose of the same according to his will and pleasure as private property, in like manner as was done by Kamehameha III." Afterwards an Act was passed 3 January 1865, "relieve the Royal Domain from encumbrances and to render the same inalienable." This Act provided for the redemption of the mortgages on the estate, and enacted that the remaining lands are to be "henceforth inalienable and shall descend to the heirs and successors of the Hawaiian Crown forever," and that "it shall not be lawful hereafter to lease said lands for any terms of years to exceed thirty." The Board of Commissioners of Crown Lands shall consist of three persons to be appointed by His Majesty the King, two of whom shall be appointed from among the members of His Cabinet Council, and serve without remuneration, and the other shall act as Land Agent, and shall be paid out of the revenues of the said lands, such sum as may be agreed to by the King."<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The lands were held by <a href="/wiki/Queen_Lili%27uokalani" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen Lili'uokalani">Queen Lili'uokalani</a> before 17 January 1893. On this date, the monarchy was overthrown. The crown lands were taken in charge by the provisional and republican governments. When the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Hawaii" title="Republic of Hawaii">Republic of Hawaii</a> joined the United States in 1898, the territorial government took ownership. In 1910, Liliuokalani, the former Queen, unsuccessfully attempted to sue the United States for the loss of the Hawaiian Crown Lands. </p><p>In March 2009, the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">U.S. Supreme Court</a> issued a unanimous opinion in <a href="/wiki/Hawaii_v._Office_of_Hawaiian_Affairs" title="Hawaii v. Office of Hawaiian Affairs">Hawaii v. Office of Hawaiian Affairs</a>, reversing the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Hawaii" title="Supreme Court of Hawaii">Hawaii Supreme Court</a>'s holding that the federally enacted <a href="/wiki/Apology_Resolution" title="Apology Resolution">Apology Resolution</a> of 1993 bars the State of Hawaii from selling to third parties any land held in public trust until the claims of <a href="/wiki/Native_Hawaiians" title="Native Hawaiians">Native Hawaiians</a> to the lands have been resolved. The Court first held that it had jurisdiction to review the Hawaii Supreme Court's opinion because it rested on the Apology Resolution. It then found the Hawaii Supreme Court's interpretation of the Apology Resolution to be erroneous, and held that federal law does not bar the State from selling land held in public trust. Accordingly, it remanded the case to the Hawaii Supreme Court to determine if Hawaiian law alone supports the same outcome. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hong_Kong">Hong Kong</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crown_land&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Hong Kong"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>All "Crown leases" in the former <a href="/wiki/British_Hong_Kong" title="British Hong Kong">British crown colony</a> became "government leases" on 1 July 1997 upon the <a href="/wiki/Handover_of_Hong_Kong" title="Handover of Hong Kong">change of status of the territory</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Poland_and_Lithuania">Poland and Lithuania</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crown_land&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Poland and Lithuania"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This section is about the "<a href="/wiki/Public_property" title="Public property">public</a>, <a href="/wiki/State_property" class="mw-redirect" title="State property">state properties</a>" of Polish and Polish–Lithuanian Kings. For unit of <a href="/wiki/Administrative_division" title="Administrative division">administrative division</a> inter alia in Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, see <a href="/wiki/Crown_of_the_Kingdom_of_Poland" title="Crown of the Kingdom of Poland">Crown of the Kingdom of Poland</a>. (not to be mistaken with "Crown lands").</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legal_condition">Legal condition</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crown_land&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Legal condition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Polish-Lithuanian_Commonwealth" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth">Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth</a> crown lands were known as <i>królewszczyzny</i> which translates to <i>regality</i> or <i>royal land</i>. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Poland_(1385%E2%80%931569)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Poland (1385–1569)">Kingdom of Poland</a> under the rules of Piast then Jagiellonian dynasties the institution of crown lands was similar to those in Great Britain or <a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austria-Hungary</a>: the lands were the property of the monarch or dynasty.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Beginning in 15th century the properties were often leased, gifted or <a href="/wiki/Lien" title="Lien">hocked</a> to the members of the <a href="/wiki/Szlachta" title="Szlachta">nobility</a>. Those nobles who had received the privilege of administering the crown lands (and thus keeping most of its profits) had the title of <a href="/wiki/Starosta" title="Starosta">Starosta</a>. Once given a crown land, one had the right to keep it "for life".<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Families of Starostas often wanted to unlawfully keep the royal properties, and that led to common abuses of law.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>After the end of Kingdom in Poland the era of new political system called "Republic of <a href="/wiki/Szlachta" title="Szlachta">szlachta</a> (nobility)" started in late 16th century already in <a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" title="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth">Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth</a>. As a result of reform and the introduction of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_elections_in_Poland" title="Royal elections in Poland">royal election</a> of Polish kings, the <i>royal lands</i> became "<a href="/wiki/Public_property" title="Public property">public property</a> or <a href="/wiki/State_property" class="mw-redirect" title="State property">state property</a>".<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Formally "royal lands" formed about 15–20% of Poland (later, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth), and were divided into two parts: </p> <ul><li>the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_table_estates&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Royal table estates (page does not exist)">royal table estates</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekonomia_(dobra_kr%C3%B3lewskie)" class="extiw" title="pl:Ekonomia (dobra królewskie)">pl</a>]</span> (<i>dobra stołowe</i> or <i>ekonomie</i>), which were provided money for king's personal treasure and expenses, among them the support of the army (<a href="/wiki/Wojsko_kwarciane" title="Wojsko kwarciane">wojsko kwarciane</a>)</li> <li>the rest, which the king was obliged to lease to the outstanding members of the <a href="/wiki/Szlachta" title="Szlachta">nobility</a>.</li></ul> <p>Among the largest Crown lands in the 16th and 17th centuries were the territories of <a href="/wiki/Malbork" title="Malbork">Malbork</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wielkorz%C4%85dy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wielkorządy (page does not exist)">Wielkorządy</a> with <a href="/wiki/Niepo%C5%82omice" title="Niepołomice">Niepołomice</a>, <a href="/wiki/Samborzec" title="Samborzec">Sambor</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Crown_of_the_Polish_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Crown of the Polish Kingdom">Crown of the Polish Kingdom</a>. </p><p>Monarch's economies in, as it was called, "Republic" of Lithuania (Grand Duchy of Lithuania) were: biggest <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0iauliai" title="Šiauliai">Šiauliai</a> economy, Alytus economy, also economies in <a href="/wiki/Grodno" title="Grodno">Grodno</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mohylew" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohylew">Mohylew</a>. </p><p>The legal conditions of <a href="/wiki/Peasant" title="Peasant">peasants</a> were better in the Crown lands than on the hereditary estates of the <a href="/wiki/Szlachta" title="Szlachta">nobility</a>, as there were fewer <a href="/wiki/Serfdom" title="Serfdom">serfdom</a> obligations.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Conditions_in_the_Crown">Conditions in the Crown</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crown_land&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Conditions in the Crown"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mostly due to lack of constant dynasty in Poland (see: <a href="/wiki/Royal_elections_in_Poland" title="Royal elections in Poland">Royal elections in Poland</a>), royal lands were under notorious, often illegal, control of powerful <a href="/wiki/Magnates#Magnates_in_Poland_and_Lithuania" class="mw-redirect" title="Magnates">local magnates</a>, sometimes even semi-independent from the state. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Ruch_egzekucyjny" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruch egzekucyjny">Ruch egzekucyjny</a> (execution movement) of the late 16th century, led by <a href="/wiki/Kanclerz" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanclerz">Lord Grand Chancellor of the Crown</a> <a href="/wiki/Jan_Zamoyski" title="Jan Zamoyski">Jan Zamoyski</a> (against the interests of his own family), put as one of its goals the "execution of lands", i.e. return of all crown lands, which were often illegally held by next generations of Starostine families. In 1562–1563 they forced most of the crown land in the <a href="/wiki/Crown_of_the_Polish_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Crown of the Polish Kingdom">Crown of the Polish Kingdom</a> to be returned to the monarch, however later the whole cycle repeated. In the following centuries <a href="/wiki/Ruch_egzekucyjny" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruch egzekucyjny">Ruch egzekucyjny</a> (lit. <i>execution movement</i>) and subsequently elected Kings were gradually weakened because szlachta achieved more and more privileges – the <a href="/wiki/Golden_Liberty" title="Golden Liberty">"Golden" Liberty</a>. </p><p>Eventually the <a href="/wiki/Szlachta" title="Szlachta">nobility</a> controlled most of the crown lands. People without a formal title of nobility inherited or granted were not allowed to be infeudated with regalities. </p><p>After the <a href="/wiki/First_Partition_of_Poland" title="First Partition of Poland">First Partition of Poland</a> crown lands were reformed in 1775, lessening the abuses of the <a href="/wiki/Szlachta" title="Szlachta">nobility</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Great_Sejm" title="Great Sejm">Great Sejm</a> of 1788–1792 decided to put them on sale, to raise funds for reforms and modernisation of the army. </p><p>After the following <a href="/wiki/Partitions_of_Poland" title="Partitions of Poland">partitions of Poland</a> in 1795 the "royal lands" were directly annexed by the partitioning powers. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Situation_in_Lithuania">Situation in Lithuania</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crown_land&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Situation in Lithuania"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the Great Duchy of Lithuania political nation did not follow experience of neighbouring Poland. Lithuanian magnates retained such lands in their hands. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Spain">Spain</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crown_land&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Spain"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Patrimonio_Nacional" title="Patrimonio Nacional">Patrimonio Nacional</a></div> <p>Historically, the <a href="/wiki/Kings_of_spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Kings of spain">kings of Spain</a> have possessed vast lands, palaces, castles and other buildings, however, at present all those properties are owned by the State. The Crown lands are administered by an independent institution called <a href="/wiki/Patrimonio_Nacional" title="Patrimonio Nacional">Patrimonio Nacional</a>, which is responsible for the maintenance of these properties that are always available to the King or Queen of Spain. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="United_Kingdom_and_its_predecessor_states">United Kingdom and its predecessor states</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crown_land&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: United Kingdom and its predecessor states"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Crown_Estate" title="Crown Estate">Crown Estate</a></div> <p>Historically, the properties now known as the <a href="/wiki/Crown_Estate" title="Crown Estate">Crown Estate</a> were administered as possessions of the reigning monarch to help fund the business of governing the country. By the <a href="/wiki/Civil_List_Act_1760" title="Civil List Act 1760">Civil List Act 1760</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_III_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="George III of the United Kingdom">George III</a> surrendered control over the Estate's revenues to the treasury, in order to relieve him from paying for the costs of the civil service, defence costs, the national debt, and his own personal debts, and, in return, to receive an annual grant known as the <a href="/wiki/Civil_list" title="Civil list">Civil list</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vietnam">Vietnam</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crown_land&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Vietnam"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <i><a href="/wiki/Domain_of_the_Crown" title="Domain of the Crown">Domain of the Crown</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_language" title="Vietnamese language">Vietnamese</a>: <i lang="vi">Hoàng triều Cương thổ</i> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1051880798">.mw-parser-output .vi-nom{font-family:"Han-Nom Gothic","Nom Na Tong","Han-Nom Ming","Han-Nom Minh","HAN NOM A","HAN NOM B","Han-Nom Kai","TH-Khaai-TP0","TH-Khaai-TP2","TH-Khaai-PP0","TH-Khaai-PP2","TH-Sung-PP0","TH-Sung-PP2","TH-Sung-TP0","TH-Sung-TP2","TH-Sy-P0","TH-Sy-P2","TH-Ming-JP0","TH-Ming-JP2","Sun-ExtA","Sun-ExtB","Ming-Lt-HKSCS-UNI-H","Ming-Lt-HKSCS-ExtB","HanaMinA","HanaMinB","HanaMin","MingLiU","MingLiU-ExtB","MingLiU HKSCS","MingLiU HKSCS-ExtB","SimSun","SimSun-ExtB","FZKaiT-Extended","FZKaiT-Extended(SIP)",sans-serif}.mw-parser-output .vi-nom.ext{font-family:"Han-Nom Gothic","Han-Nom Ming","Han-Nom Minh","TH-Khaai-TP2","TH-Khaai-PP2","TH-Sung-PP2","TH-Sung-TP2","TH-Sy-P0","TH-Sy-P2","TH-Ming-JP2","BabelStone Han","Sun-ExtB","MingLiU HKSCS-ExtB","Ming-Lt-HKSCS-ExtB","HanaMinB","Han-Nom Kai",sans-serif}</style><span lang="vi-Hani" class="vi-nom">皇朝疆土</span>); <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: <i lang="fr">Domaine de la Couronne</i>) was originally the <a href="/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_dynasty" title="Nguyễn dynasty">Nguyễn dynasty</a>'s geopolitical concept for its protectorates and principalities where the <a href="/wiki/Kinh_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Kinh people">Kinh ethnic group</a> did not make up the majority. Later it became a type of administrative unit of the <a href="/wiki/State_of_Vietnam" title="State of Vietnam">State of Vietnam</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Anh-Thái-Phượng_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Anh-Thái-Phượng-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was officially established on 15 April 1950 and dissolved on 11 March 1955.<sup id="cite_ref-Anh-Thái-Phượng_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Anh-Thái-Phượng-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the areas of the Domain of the Crown, Chief of State <a href="/wiki/B%E1%BA%A3o_%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i" title="Bảo Đại">Bảo Đại</a> was still officially (and legally) titled as the "Emperor of the Nguyễn dynasty".<sup id="cite_ref-Lê-Đình-Chi_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lê-Đình-Chi-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crown_land&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Imperial_Crown_Heraldry.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Imperial_Crown_Heraldry.svg/30px-Imperial_Crown_Heraldry.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Imperial_Crown_Heraldry.svg/45px-Imperial_Crown_Heraldry.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Imperial_Crown_Heraldry.svg/60px-Imperial_Crown_Heraldry.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="115" data-file-height="108" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Monarchy" title="Portal:Monarchy">Monarchy portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Balance,_by_David.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Balance%2C_by_David.svg/30px-Balance%2C_by_David.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Balance%2C_by_David.svg/46px-Balance%2C_by_David.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Balance%2C_by_David.svg/61px-Balance%2C_by_David.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="606" data-file-height="558" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Law" title="Portal:Law">Law portal</a></span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_rights" title="Air rights">Air rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Countryside_and_Rights_of_Way_Act_2000" title="Countryside and Rights of Way Act 2000">Countryside and Rights of Way Act 2000</a> (in the UK)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_copyright" title="Crown copyright">Crown copyright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easement" title="Easement">Easement</a> ("the right of use over the real property of another")</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_to_roam" title="Freedom to roam">Freedom to roam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_land_rights" title="Indigenous land rights">Indigenous land rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_law" title="Land law">Land law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prior-appropriation_water_rights" title="Prior-appropriation water rights">Prior-appropriation water rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riparian_water_rights" title="Riparian water rights">Riparian water rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_rights" title="Treaty rights">Treaty rights</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crown_land&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171107023851/http://www.lpi.nsw.gov.au/land_titles/land_ownership/crown_land">"NSW Land and Property Information"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lpi.nsw.gov.au/land_titles/land_ownership/crown_land">the original</a> on 7 November 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NSW+Land+and+Property+Information&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lpi.nsw.gov.au%2Fland_titles%2Fland_ownership%2Fcrown_land&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrown+land" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2005/11/10/1502333.htm">Crown land rent changes spark concerns for clubs</a>, ABC News, 10 November 2005</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ga.gov.au/education/geoscience-basics/land-tenure.html">Land Tenure at Geoscience Australia</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dtpli.vic.gov.au/property-and-land-titles/land-titles/about-land-titles/crown-land">Crown Land; Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://faolex.fao.org/cgi-bin/faolex.exe?database=faolex&search_type=query&table=result&query=ID:LEX-FAOC081082&format_name=ERALL&lang=eng">Barbados Government: Crown Lands (Vesting and Disposal) – CAP.225</a>,</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120215152349/http://www.barbadosadvocate.com/newsitem.asp?more=local&NewsID=328">"More homes on the way"</a>. The Barbados Advocate. 9 November 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.barbadosadvocate.com/newsitem.asp?more=local&NewsID=328">the original</a> on 15 February 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=More+homes+on+the+way&rft.pub=The+Barbados+Advocate&rft.date=2008-11-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.barbadosadvocate.com%2Fnewsitem.asp%3Fmore%3Dlocal%26NewsID%3D328&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrown+land" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://barbadostoday.bb/2021/11/26/road-to-republic-frequently-asked-questions/">"Road to Republic frequently asked questions"</a>. <i>Barbados Today</i>. 26 November 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Barbados+Today&rft.atitle=Road+to+Republic+frequently+asked+questions&rft.date=2021-11-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbarbadostoday.bb%2F2021%2F11%2F26%2Froad-to-republic-frequently-asked-questions%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrown+land" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDepartment_of_Indian_and_Northern_Affairs_Canada" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Indian_and_Northern_Affairs_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian and Northern Affairs Canada">Department of Indian and Northern Affairs Canada</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613193506/http://www.ainc-inac.gc.ca/ai/scr/nt/clm/lmo/fcl-eng.asp">"Federal Crown Land"</a>. Queen's Printer for Canada. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ainc-inac.gc.ca/ai/scr/nt/clm/lmo/fcl-eng.asp">the original</a> on 13 June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 October</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Federal+Crown+Land&rft.pub=Queen%27s+Printer+for+Canada&rft.au=Department+of+Indian+and+Northern+Affairs+Canada&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ainc-inac.gc.ca%2Fai%2Fscr%2Fnt%2Fclm%2Flmo%2Ffcl-eng.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrown+land" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AlbertaPL-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AlbertaPL_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AlbertaPL_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AlbertaPL_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGovernment_of_Alberta1997" class="citation cs2">Government of Alberta (September 1997), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130325231856/http://srd.alberta.ca/FormsOnlineServices/documents/PublicLands-Sep-1997.pdf"><i>About Public Lands</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, Queen's Printer for Alberta, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.srd.alberta.ca/FormsOnlineServices/documents/PublicLands-Sep-1997.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 25 March 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 October</span> 2012</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=About+Public+Lands&rft.pub=Queen%27s+Printer+for+Alberta&rft.date=1997-09&rft.au=Government+of+Alberta&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.srd.alberta.ca%2FFormsOnlineServices%2Fdocuments%2FPublicLands-Sep-1997.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrown+land" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Crown-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Crown_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Crown_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFV.P._NEIMANIS" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">V.P. NEIMANIS. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/crown-land">"Crown Land"</a>. <i>The Canadian Encyclopedia: Geography</i>. Historica Foundation of Canada<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 February</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Crown+Land&rft.btitle=The+Canadian+Encyclopedia%3A+Geography&rft.pub=Historica+Foundation+of+Canada&rft.au=V.P.+NEIMANIS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca%2Fen%2Farticle%2Fcrown-land&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrown+land" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElizabeth_II2004" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Elizabeth II</a> (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.servicealberta.gov.ab.ca/pdf/ltmanual/crg-3.pdf">"Alberta Land Titles Procedures Manual"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Background (CRG-3 ed.). Edmonton: Alberta Queen's Printer (published 12 November 2004): 1<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 February</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Alberta+Land+Titles+Procedures+Manual&rft.pages=1&rft.date=2004&rft.au=Elizabeth+II&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.servicealberta.gov.ab.ca%2Fpdf%2Fltmanual%2Fcrg-3.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrown+land" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFElizabeth_II2004">Elizabeth II 2004</a>, Registration Procedure A.1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMinistry_of_Forests,_Lands_and_Natural_Resource_Operations" class="citation web cs1">Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural Resource Operations. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160712201948/http://www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/content/industry/natural-resource-use/land-use/crown-land">"Crown Land, Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural Resource Operations"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/content/industry/natural-resource-use/land-use/crown-land">the original</a> on 12 July 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 July</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Crown+Land%2C+Ministry+of+Forests%2C+Lands+and+Natural+Resource+Operations&rft.au=Ministry+of+Forests%2C+Lands+and+Natural+Resource+Operations&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww2.gov.bc.ca%2Fgov%2Fcontent%2Findustry%2Fnatural-resource-use%2Fland-use%2Fcrown-land&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrown+land" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://globalnews.ca/news/9861817/sask-maps-crown-land-sale-indigenous-consultation/">"Sask. Indigenous critic says newly published maps show 10% of Crown lands remain | Globalnews.ca"</a>. <i>Global News</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Global+News&rft.atitle=Sask.+Indigenous+critic+says+newly+published+maps+show+10%25+of+Crown+lands+remain+%7C+Globalnews.ca&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fglobalnews.ca%2Fnews%2F9861817%2Fsask-maps-crown-land-sale-indigenous-consultation%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrown+land" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMitchell2003" class="citation cs2">Mitchell, Simon, J. (June 2003), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110527201712/http://www.elements.nb.ca/theme/sustainableforestry/simon/mitchell.htm"><i>Who Owns Crown Lands?</i></a>, Falls Brook Centre, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.elements.nb.ca/theme/sustainableforestry/simon/mitchell.htm">the original</a> on 27 May 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 May</span> 2011</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Who+Owns+Crown+Lands%3F&rft.pub=Falls+Brook+Centre&rft.date=2003-06&rft.aulast=Mitchell&rft.aufirst=Simon%2C+J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.elements.nb.ca%2Ftheme%2Fsustainableforestry%2Fsimon%2Fmitchell.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrown+land" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Citation" title="Template:Citation">citation</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CrownLandNovaScotia-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CrownLandNovaScotia_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CrownLandNovaScotia_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CrownLandNovaScotia_16-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://novascotia.ca/natr/land/"><i>Crown Land in Nova Scotia</i></a>, Province of Nova Scotia, October 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 December</span> 2014</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Crown+Land+in+Nova+Scotia&rft.pub=Province+of+Nova+Scotia&rft.date=2013-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnovascotia.ca%2Fnatr%2Fland%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrown+land" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElizabeth_II" class="citation cs2">Elizabeth II, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/statutes/ccsm/c340e.php"><i>Crown Lands Act</i></a>, Queen's Printer for Manitoba<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 June</span> 2012</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Crown+Lands+Act&rft.pub=Queen%27s+Printer+for+Manitoba&rft.au=Elizabeth+II&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweb2.gov.mb.ca%2Flaws%2Fstatutes%2Fccsm%2Fc340e.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrown+land" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121103022012/http://www.gov.mb.ca/agriculture/crownland/index.html">"Manitoba Agriculture, Food and Rural Initiatives: Agricultural Crown Lands Leasing Program"</a>. Gov.mb.ca. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.mb.ca/agriculture/crownland/index.html">the original</a> on 3 November 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Manitoba+Agriculture%2C+Food+and+Rural+Initiatives%3A+Agricultural+Crown+Lands+Leasing+Program&rft.pub=Gov.mb.ca&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.mb.ca%2Fagriculture%2Fcrownland%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrown+land" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wind-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-wind_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wind_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120319053819/http://www.gov.mb.ca/conservation/wind-farms/pdf/question_answers_wind_farms.pdf">"Government of Manitoba: Some Questions and Answers Regarding Manitoba's Crown Land Policies for Wind Farms"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.mb.ca/conservation/wind-farms/pdf/question_answers_wind_farms.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 19 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Government+of+Manitoba%3A+Some+Questions+and+Answers+Regarding+Manitoba%27s+Crown+Land+Policies+for+Wind+Farms&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.mb.ca%2Fconservation%2Fwind-farms%2Fpdf%2Fquestion_answers_wind_farms.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrown+land" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://manitobawildlands.org/forests.htm">"Forests"</a>. Manitoba Wildlands<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Forests&rft.pub=Manitoba+Wildlands&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmanitobawildlands.org%2Fforests.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrown+land" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ontario.ca/page/crown-land">"Crown land"</a>. <i>www.ontario.ca</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ontario.ca&rft.atitle=Crown+land&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ontario.ca%2Fpage%2Fcrown-land&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrown+land" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.princeedwardisland.ca/en/information/environment-water-and-climate-change/public-lands">"Public Lands"</a>. <i>www.princeedwardisland.ca</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.princeedwardisland.ca&rft.atitle=Public+Lands&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.princeedwardisland.ca%2Fen%2Finformation%2Fenvironment-water-and-climate-change%2Fpublic-lands&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrown+land" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200922052850/https://mern.gouv.qc.ca/english/territory/portrait/portrait-use.jsp">"MERN- Quebec's Borders"</a>. <i>www.mern.gouv.qc.ca</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mern.gouv.qc.ca/english/territory/portrait/portrait-use.jsp">the original</a> on 22 September 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.mern.gouv.qc.ca&rft.atitle=MERN-+Quebec%27s+Borders&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mern.gouv.qc.ca%2Fenglish%2Fterritory%2Fportrait%2Fportrait-use.jsp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrown+land" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hawaiiankingdom.org/land-system.shtml">"Hawaiian Kingdom – History of Land titles"</a>. Hawaiiankingdom.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hawaiian+Kingdom+%E2%80%93+History+of+Land+titles&rft.pub=Hawaiiankingdom.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hawaiiankingdom.org%2Fland-system.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrown+land" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20150416182409/http://www.legislation.gov.hk/blis_ind.nsf/AllVerAllEngDoc/3C3674AB8C146828482575C800243D08?OpenDocument">Interpretation and General Clauses Ordinance</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20150416182408/http://www.legislation.gov.hk/blis_ind.nsf/CurEngOrd/F848D4EB162AEE274825664800307268?OpenDocument">Conveyancing and Property Ordinance</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The House of Commons Treasury Committee (2010). The management of the Crown Estate (PDF). London: House of Commons. pp. 5–8.<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200910/cmselect/cmtreasy/325/325i.pdf">[1]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Anh-Thái-Phượng-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Anh-Thái-Phượng_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Anh-Thái-Phượng_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Anh Thái Phượng. <span title="Vietnamese-language text"><i lang="vi">Trăm núi ngàn sông: Tập I</i></span>. Gretna, LA: Đường Việt Hải ngoại, 2003. Page: 99. (in <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_language" title="Vietnamese language">Vietnamese</a>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lê-Đình-Chi-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lê-Đình-Chi_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lê Đình Chi. <span title="Vietnamese-language text"><i lang="vi">Người Thượng Miền Nam Việt Nam.</i></span> <a href="/wiki/Gardena,_California" title="Gardena, California">Gardena</a>, California: Văn Mới, 2006. Pages: 401-449. (in <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_language" title="Vietnamese language">Vietnamese</a>).</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crown_land&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050219080430/http://encyklopedia.pwn.pl/38566_1.html">Polish PWN encyclopedia on 'Królewszczyzna'</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/crown-land">The Canadian Encyclopedia – Crown land</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101030075534/http://govsurplus.ca/crown_land.htm">Crown Land in Canada</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080829132300/http://www.archives.gov.on.ca/ENGLISH/interloan/l-intro.htm">Archives of Ontario: Crown Land Records</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thecrownestate.co.uk/">United Kingdom Crown Estate</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101030075534/http://govsurplus.ca/crown_land.htm">Crown Land Reference For Canada</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Property" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Property_navbox" title="Template:Property navbox"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Property_navbox" title="Template talk:Property navbox"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Property_navbox" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Property navbox"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Property" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Property" title="Property">Property</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By owner</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Collective_ownership" title="Collective ownership">Collective</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_ownership" title="Common ownership">Common</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communal_land" title="Communal land">Communal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_property" title="Community property">Community</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Crown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Customary_land" title="Customary land">Customary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooperative" title="Cooperative">Cooperative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_property" title="Private property">Private</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_property" title="Public property">Public</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-ownership" title="Self-ownership">Self</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_ownership" title="Social ownership">Social</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_ownership" title="State ownership">State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unowned_property" title="Unowned property">Unowned</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By nature</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Croft_(land)" title="Croft (land)">Croft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estate_in_land" title="Estate in land">Estate (landed)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intangible_property" title="Intangible property">Intangible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intellectual_property" title="Intellectual property">Intellectual</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_intellectual_property" title="Indigenous intellectual property">indigenous</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_property" title="Personal property">Personal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangible_property" title="Tangible property">Tangible</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Real_property" title="Real property">real</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Commons" title="Commons">Commons</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Common_land" title="Common land">Common land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common-pool_resource" title="Common-pool resource">Common-pool resource</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_commons_(economics)" title="Digital commons (economics)">Digital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_commons" title="Global commons">Global</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_commons" title="Information commons">Information</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knowledge_commons" title="Knowledge commons">Knowledge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Theory</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bundle_of_rights" title="Bundle of rights">Bundle of rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commodity" title="Commodity">Commodity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fictitious_commodities" title="Fictitious commodities">fictitious commodities</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_good_(economics)" title="Common good (economics)">Common good (economics)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Excludability" title="Excludability">Excludability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_possession_theory_of_property" title="First possession theory of property">First possession</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Original_appropriation" title="Original appropriation">appropriation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homestead_principle" title="Homestead principle">homestead principle</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free-rider_problem" title="Free-rider problem">Free-rider problem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game_theory" title="Game theory">Game theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgism" title="Georgism">Georgism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gift_economy" title="Gift economy">Gift economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labor_theory_of_property" title="Labor theory of property">Labor theory of property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_rent" title="Law of rent">Law of rent</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rent-seeking" title="Rent-seeking">rent-seeking</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_plunder" class="mw-redirect" title="Legal plunder">Legal plunder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_rights_and_legal_rights" title="Natural rights and legal rights">Natural rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ownership" title="Ownership">Ownership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Property_rights_(economics)" title="Property rights (economics)">Property rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Primogeniture" title="Primogeniture">primogeniture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usufruct" title="Usufruct">usufruct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_property_rights" title="Women's property rights">women's</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_property" title="Right to property">Right to property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rivalry_(economics)" title="Rivalry (economics)">Rivalry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tragedy_of_the_commons" title="Tragedy of the commons">Tragedy of the commons</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tragedy_of_the_anticommons" title="Tragedy of the anticommons">anticommons</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Applications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acequia" title="Acequia"><i>Acequia</i> (watercourse)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ejido" title="Ejido"><i>Ejido</i> (agrarian land)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estate_(law)" title="Estate (law)">Estate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Estate_(law)" title="Estate (law)">legal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literary_estate" title="Literary estate">literary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_estate" title="Real estate">real</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_types_of_formally_designated_forests" title="List of types of formally designated forests">Forest types</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Huerta" title="Huerta">Huerta</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inheritance" title="Inheritance">Inheritance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Executor" title="Executor">executor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_tenure" title="Land tenure">Land tenure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Property_law" title="Property law">Property law</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alienation_(property_law)" title="Alienation (property law)">alienation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easement" title="Easement">easement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restraint_on_alienation" title="Restraint on alienation">restraint on alienation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_estate" title="Real estate">real estate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_(property)" title="Title (property)">title</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rights</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_rights" title="Air rights">Air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exclusive_economic_zone" title="Exclusive economic zone">Fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Scheduled_Tribes_and_Other_Traditional_Forest_Dwellers_(Recognition_of_Forest_Rights)_Act,_2006" title="The Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006">Forest-dwelling (India)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_to_roam" title="Freedom to roam">Freedom to roam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grazing_rights" title="Grazing rights">Grazing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pannage" title="Pannage">pannage</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunting" title="Hunting">Hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_law#Land_rights" title="Land law">Land</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_title" title="Aboriginal title">aboriginal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_land_rights" title="Indigenous land rights">indigenous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatting" title="Squatting">squatting</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Littoral_rights" title="Littoral rights">Littoral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mineral_rights" title="Mineral rights">Mineral</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bergregal" title="Bergregal">Bergregal</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_of_way_(transit)" class="mw-redirect" title="Right of way (transit)">Right of way (transit)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_of_way_(property_access)" class="mw-redirect" title="Right of way (property access)">Right of way (property access)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_right" title="Water right">Water</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prior-appropriation_water_rights" title="Prior-appropriation water rights">prior-appropriation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riparian_water_rights" title="Riparian water rights">riparian</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Accumulation_by_dispossession" title="Accumulation by dispossession">Disposession</a>/<br /><a href="/wiki/Redistribution_of_income_and_wealth" title="Redistribution of income and wealth">redistribution</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bioprospecting" title="Bioprospecting">Bioprospecting</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biopiracy" title="Biopiracy">biopiracy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collectivization_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Collectivization in the Soviet Union">Collectivization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eminent_domain" title="Eminent domain">Eminent domain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enclosure" title="Enclosure">Enclosure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eviction" title="Eviction">Eviction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expropriation" class="mw-redirect" title="Expropriation">Expropriation</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Farhud" title="Farhud">Farhud</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forced_displacement" title="Forced displacement">Forced migration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Population_transfer" title="Population transfer">population transfer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Repatriation" title="Repatriation">repatriation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegal,_unreported_and_unregulated_fishing" title="Illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing">Illegal fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_logging" title="Illegal logging">Illegal logging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_Back" title="Land Back">Land Back</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_reform" title="Land reform">Land reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_plunder" class="mw-redirect" title="Legal plunder">Legal plunder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piracy" title="Piracy">Piracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poaching" title="Poaching">Poaching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primitive_accumulation_of_capital" title="Primitive accumulation of capital">Primitive accumulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Privatization" title="Privatization">Privatization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regulatory_taking" class="mw-redirect" title="Regulatory taking">Regulatory taking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery" title="Slavery">Slavery</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bride_buying" title="Bride buying">bride buying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_trafficking" title="Human trafficking">human trafficking</a></li> <li>spousal <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Husband-selling" class="mw-redirect" title="Husband-selling">husband-selling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wife_selling" title="Wife selling">wife selling</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wage_slavery" title="Wage slavery">wage</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tax" title="Tax">Tax</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inheritance_tax" title="Inheritance tax">inheritance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poll_tax" title="Poll tax">poll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_tax" title="Progressive tax">progressive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Property_tax" title="Property tax">property</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theft" title="Theft">Theft</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Scholars<br /><span class="nobold">(<i>key work</i>)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Bastiat" title="Frédéric Bastiat">Frédéric Bastiat</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Law_(Bastiat_book)" title="The Law (Bastiat book)">The Law</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Coase" title="Ronald Coase">Ronald Coase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Engels" title="Friedrich Engels">Friedrich Engels</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Origin_of_the_Family,_Private_Property_and_the_State" title="The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State">The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_George" title="Henry George">Henry George</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Progress_and_Poverty" title="Progress and Poverty">Progress and Poverty</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garrett_Hardin" title="Garrett Hardin">Garrett Hardin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Harvey" title="David Harvey">David Harvey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Locke" title="John Locke">John Locke</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Two_Treatises_of_Government" title="Two Treatises of Government">Two Treatises of Government</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx">Karl Marx</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Das_Kapital" title="Das Kapital">Das Kapital</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Mauss" title="Marcel Mauss">Marcel Mauss</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Gift_(essay)" title="The Gift (essay)">The Gift</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Stuart_Mill" title="John Stuart Mill">John Stuart Mill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elinor_Ostrom" title="Elinor Ostrom">Elinor Ostrom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Polanyi" title="Karl Polanyi">Karl Polanyi</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Great_Transformation_(book)" title="The Great Transformation (book)">The Great Transformation</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre-Joseph_Proudhon" title="Pierre-Joseph Proudhon">Pierre-Joseph Proudhon</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Property_is_theft!" class="mw-redirect" title="Property is theft!">What Is Property?</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Ricardo" title="David Ricardo">David Ricardo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murray_Rothbard" title="Murray Rothbard">Murray N. Rothbard</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Ethics_of_Liberty" title="The Ethics of Liberty">The Ethics of Liberty</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Rousseau" title="Jean-Jacques Rousseau">Jean-Jacques Rousseau</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Social_Contract" title="The Social Contract">The Social Contract</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith">Adam Smith</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Wealth_of_Nations" title="The Wealth of Nations">The Wealth of Nations</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> Categories: <a href="/wiki/Category:Property" title="Category:Property">Property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Property_law" title="Category:Property law">Property law</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Property_law_by_country" title="Category:Property law by country">by country</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5473816#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4205593-3">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85034340">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007533411305171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crown_land&oldid=1258750287">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crown_land&oldid=1258750287</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Crown_land" title="Category:Crown land">Crown land</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commonwealth_realms" title="Category:Commonwealth realms">Commonwealth realms</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Economic_history_of_Europe" title="Category:Economic history of Europe">Economic history of Europe</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Economic_history_of_North_America" title="Category:Economic history of North America">Economic history of North America</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Economic_history_of_Oceania" title="Category:Economic history of Oceania">Economic history of Oceania</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Land_registration" title="Category:Land registration">Land registration</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_missing_periodical" title="Category:CS1 errors: missing periodical">CS1 errors: missing periodical</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Vietnamese-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Vietnamese-language text">Articles containing Vietnamese-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_November_2024" title="Category:Use dmy dates from November 2024">Use dmy dates from November 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_German-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing German-language text">Articles containing German-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_February_2024" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from February 2024">Articles with unsourced statements from February 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_French-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing French-language text">Articles containing French-language text</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 21 November 2024, at 12:10<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crown_land&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-88l8n","wgBackendResponseTime":146,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.757","walltime":"1.008","ppvisitednodes":{"value":3260,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":94798,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":5762,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":12,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":18,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":110662,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 883.941 1 -total"," 26.08% 230.524 1 Template:Reflist"," 13.97% 123.525 13 Template:Cite_web"," 12.38% 109.426 3 Template:Langx"," 12.21% 107.922 1 Template:English_feudalism"," 11.83% 104.608 1 Template:Sidebar"," 10.16% 89.806 5 Template:Cn"," 8.87% 78.414 5 Template:Fix"," 7.56% 66.819 1 Template:Short_description"," 5.79% 51.175 1 Template:Property_navbox"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.487","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":19640627,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFDepartment_of_Indian_and_Northern_Affairs_Canada\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFElizabeth_II\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFElizabeth_II2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGovernment_of_Alberta1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMinistry_of_Forests,_Lands_and_Natural_Resource_Operations\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMitchell2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFV.P._NEIMANIS\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"!\"] = 1,\n [\"About\"] = 2,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Citation\"] = 4,\n [\"Cite encyclopedia\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 13,\n [\"Cn\"] = 5,\n [\"Columns-list\"] = 1,\n [\"Convert\"] = 3,\n [\"Cvt\"] = 1,\n [\"English feudalism\"] = 1,\n [\"Harvnb\"] = 1,\n [\"Ill\"] = 1,\n [\"Lang\"] = 2,\n [\"Langx\"] = 3,\n [\"Main\"] = 4,\n [\"Portal\"] = 1,\n [\"Property navbox\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"See also\"] = 3,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Use dmy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Vi-nom\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-ext.codfw.main-7556f8b5dd-wvwdt","timestamp":"20241124161312","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Crown land","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crown_land","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q5473816","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q5473816","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2004-04-21T13:46:20Z","dateModified":"2024-11-21T12:10:40Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/7\/7a\/Bayeux_Tapestry_scene23_Harold_sacramentum_fecit_Willelmo_duci.jpg","headline":"territory belonging to a monarch"}</script> </body> </html>