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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Evolution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Evolution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Evolution</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Evolution-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Evolution subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Evolution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Functional_perspectives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Functional_perspectives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Functional perspectives</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Functional_perspectives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Developmental_perspectives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Developmental_perspectives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Developmental perspectives</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Developmental_perspectives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_perspectives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_perspectives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Other perspectives</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_perspectives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cleft_chin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cleft_chin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Cleft chin</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cleft_chin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Double_chin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Double_chin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Double chin</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Double_chin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Chin</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 102 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-102" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">102 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B0%D9%82%D9%86" title="ذقن – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ذقن" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ment%C3%B3n" title="Mentón – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Mentón" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%99%DC%A2%DC%A9%DC%90" title="ܙܢܩܐ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܙܢܩܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ta%C3%B1yk%C3%A3py" title="Tañykãpy – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Tañykãpy" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8A%D1%83" title="Нилъу – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Нилъу" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%27achi" title="K'achi – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="K'achi" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%95" title="চিবুক – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="চিবুক" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dagu" title="Dagu – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Dagu" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Падбародак – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Падбародак" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ko%27ko%27" title="Ko'ko' – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Ko'ko'" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Брадичка – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Брадичка" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brada_(anatomija)" title="Brada (anatomija) – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Brada (anatomija)" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elgezh" title="Elgezh – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Elgezh" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ment%C3%B3" title="Mentó – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Mentó" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%85" title="Янах – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Янах" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brada" title="Brada – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Brada" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hage" title="Hage – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Hage" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinn" title="Kinn – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kinn" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%8B%DE%A6%DE%8C%DE%B0%DE%8B%DE%AE%DE%85%DE%A8" title="ދަތްދޮޅި – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ދަތްދޮޅި" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%B5ug" title="Lõug – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Lõug" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%B3%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%B1" title="Σιαγόνα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σιαγόνα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ba%C5%9B%C3%A8la" title="Baśèla – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Baśèla" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbilla" title="Barbilla – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Barbilla" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mentono" title="Mentono – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Mentono" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kokots" title="Kokots – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kokots" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87" title="چانه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="چانه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menton_(anatomie)" title="Menton (anatomie) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Menton (anatomie)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kin" title="Kin – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Kin" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smig" title="Smig – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Smig" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queixo_(anatom%C3%ADa)" title="Queixo (anatomía) – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Queixo (anatomía)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E9%96%80" title="地門 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="地門" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A2-k%C3%B4i" title="Hâ-kôi – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Hâ-kôi" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%EB%9E%98%ED%84%B1" title="아래턱 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아래턱" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A6%D5%A1%D5%AF" title="Կզակ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կզակ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%80" title="ठोड़ी – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ठोड़ी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brada_(anatomija)" title="Brada (anatomija) – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Brada (anatomija)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mentono" title="Mentono – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Mentono" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dagu" title="Dagu – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Dagu" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tavlu" title="Tavlu – Inupiaq" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Tavlu" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="Inupiaq" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Iñupiatun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isilevu" title="Isilevu – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Isilevu" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haka" title="Haka – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Haka" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mento" title="Mento – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Mento" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%A8_(%D7%90%D7%99%D7%91%D7%A8)" title="סנטר (איבר) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סנטר (איבר)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janggut" title="Janggut – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Janggut" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A6" title="ಗದ್ದ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಗದ್ದ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baba" title="Baba – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Baba" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%9E%E1%83%98" title="ნიკაპი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ნიკაპი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kidevu" title="Kidevu – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kidevu" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manton" title="Manton – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Manton" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BA%D3%80" title="ЛунттубакӀ – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="ЛунттубакӀ" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mentum" title="Mentum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Mentum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zods" title="Zods – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Zods" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smakras" title="Smakras – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Smakras" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mb%C3%A1ng%C3%A1" title="Mbángá – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Mbángá" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mento" title="Mento – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Mento" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barb%C3%B2s" title="Barbòs – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Barbòs" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0_(%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0)" title="Брада (анатомија) – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Брада (анатомија)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF" title="താടി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="താടി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80" title="हनुवटी – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="हनुवटी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%B7%E1%83%99%E1%83%B7" title="ნჷკჷ – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ნჷკჷ" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dagu" title="Dagu – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Dagu" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%82-h%C3%A0i" title="Â-hài – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Â-hài" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kin_(lichaamsdeel)" title="Kin (lichaamsdeel) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kin (lichaamsdeel)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8B" title="चिउँडो – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="चिउँडो" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%81%8A%E3%81%A8%E3%81%8C%E3%81%84" title="おとがい – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="おとがい" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hake" title="Hake – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Hake" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hake" title="Hake – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Hake" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menton_(anatomia)" title="Menton (anatomia) – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Menton (anatomia)" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%A1%E0%A9%80" title="ਠੋਡੀ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਠੋਡੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%B9%DA%BE%D9%88%DA%88%DB%8C" title="ٹھوڈی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ٹھوڈی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%86%D9%87" title="زنه – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="زنه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broda_(anatomia)" title="Broda (anatomia) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Broda (anatomia)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queixo" title="Queixo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Queixo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenn" title="Kenn – Colognian" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Kenn" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="Colognian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C4%83rbie" title="Bărbie – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Bărbie" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%27aki" title="K'aki – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="K'aki" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Подбородок – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Подбородок" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/ngazuy" title="ngazuy – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="ngazuy" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="चिबुकम् – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="चिबुकम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varvarottu" title="Varvarottu – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Varvarottu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chin" title="Chin – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Chin" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DB%95%D9%86%D8%A7%DA%AF%DB%95" title="چەناگە – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="چەناگە" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0_(%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0)" title="Брада (анатомија) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Брада (анатомија)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leukakyhmy" title="Leukakyhmy – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Leukakyhmy" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haka" title="Haka – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Haka" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baba" title="Baba – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Baba" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamart" title="Tamart – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tamart" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/tatu%27" title="tatu' – Tayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="tatu'" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Tayal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tayal</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%82" title="గడ్డం – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="గడ్డం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87" title="คาง – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="คาง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%B4%D1%8F" title="Підборіддя – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Підборіддя" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%B9%DA%BE%D9%88%DA%91%DB%8C" title="ٹھوڑی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ٹھوڑی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%90%DA%AD%DB%95%D9%83" title="ئېڭەك – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئېڭەك" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%E1%BA%B1m" title="Cằm – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cằm" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minton" title="Minton – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Minton" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinne" title="Kinne – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Kinne" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sul%C3%A1ng" title="Suláng – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Suláng" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%8B%E5%B7%B4" title="下巴 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="下巴" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%91%D7%A2" title="גאמבע – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="גאמבע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%8B%E5%B7%B4" title="下巴 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="下巴" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A0%B7" title="頷 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="頷" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dagu" title="Dagu – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Dagu" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet 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searchaux" style="display:none">Facial feature</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the part of the face. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Chin_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Chin (disambiguation)">Chin (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Crane3chin.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Crane3chin.png/220px-Crane3chin.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="301" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Crane3chin.png/330px-Crane3chin.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Crane3chin.png/440px-Crane3chin.png 2x" data-file-width="1404" data-file-height="1924" /></a><figcaption>Photo showing the chin of a human skull</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>chin</b> is the forward pointed part of the anterior mandible (<a href="/wiki/List_of_human_anatomical_regions#Regions" title="List of human anatomical regions">mental region</a>) below the lower <a href="/wiki/Lip" title="Lip">lip</a>. A fully developed human skull has a chin of between 0.7 cm and 1.1 cm. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Evolution">Evolution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chin&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Evolution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The presence of a well-developed chin is considered to be one of the morphological characteristics of <i><a href="/wiki/Homo_sapiens" class="mw-redirect" title="Homo sapiens">Homo sapiens</a></i> that <a href="/wiki/Neanderthal_anatomy#Distinguishing_physical_traits" title="Neanderthal anatomy">differentiates</a> them from other human ancestors such as the closely related <a href="/wiki/Neanderthal" title="Neanderthal">Neanderthals</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Early human ancestors have varied <a href="/wiki/Mandibular_symphysis" title="Mandibular symphysis">symphysial</a> morphology, but none of them have a well-developed chin. The origin of the chin is traditionally associated with the anterior–posterior breadth shortening of the <a href="/wiki/Dental_arch" title="Dental arch">dental arch</a> or tooth row; however, its general mechanical or functional advantage during feeding, developmental origin, and link with human speech, physiology, and social influence are highly debated. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Functional_perspectives">Functional perspectives</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chin&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Functional perspectives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Robinson (1913)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> suggests that the demand to resist <a href="/wiki/Mastication" class="mw-redirect" title="Mastication">masticatory</a> stresses triggered bone thickening in the mental region of the <a href="/wiki/Mandible" title="Mandible">mandible</a> and ultimately formed a prominent chin. Moreover, Daegling (1993)<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> explains the chin as a functional adaptation to resist masticatory stress that causes vertical bending stresses in the <a href="/wiki/Coronal_plane" title="Coronal plane">coronal plane</a>. Others have argued that the prominent chin is adapted to resisting wishboning forces,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dorso-ventral shear forces, and generally a mechanical advantage to resist lateral transverse bending and vertical bending in the coronal plane.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the contrary, others<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> have suggested that the presence of the chin is not related to mastication. The presence of thick bone in the relatively small mandible may indicate better force resistance capacity. However, the question stands of whether the chin is an <a href="/wiki/Adaptation" title="Adaptation">adaptive</a> or nonadaptive structure. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Developmental_perspectives">Developmental perspectives</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chin&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Developmental perspectives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Recent works on the <a href="/wiki/Morphology_(biology)" title="Morphology (biology)">morphological</a> changes of the mandible during development<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> have shown that the human chin, or at least the inverted-T shaped mental region, develops during the <a href="/wiki/Prenatal_development" title="Prenatal development">prenatal period</a>, but the chin does not become prominent until the early <a href="/wiki/Postpartum_period" title="Postpartum period">postnatal period</a>. This later modification happens by <a href="/wiki/Bone_remodeling" title="Bone remodeling">bone remodeling</a> processes (<a href="/wiki/Bone_resorption" title="Bone resorption">bone resorption</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ossification" title="Ossification">bone deposition</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-:2_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Coquerelle et al.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> show that the anteriorly positioned <a href="/wiki/Cervical_vertebrae" title="Cervical vertebrae">cervical column</a> of the spine and forward displacement of the <a href="/wiki/Hyoid_bone" title="Hyoid bone">hyoid bone</a> limit the anterior–posterior breadth in the oral cavity for the tongue, <a href="/wiki/Larynx#Muscles" title="Larynx">laryngeal</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Suprahyoid_muscles" title="Suprahyoid muscles">suprahyoid</a> musculatures. Accordingly, this leads the upper parts of the mandible (<a href="/wiki/Alveolar_process" title="Alveolar process">alveolar process</a>) to retract posteriorly, following the posterior movement of the upper tooth row, while the lower part of the symphysis remained protruded to create more space, thereby creating the inverted-T shaped mental relief during early ages and the prominent chin later. The alveolar region (upper or superior part of the symphysis) is sculpted by bone resorption, but the chin (lower or inferior part) is depository in its nature.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These coordinated bone growth and modeling processes mold the vertical symphysis present at birth into the prominent shape of the chin.   </p><p>Recent research on the development of the chin<sup id="cite_ref-:3_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> suggests that the evolution of this unique characteristic was formed not by mechanical forces such as chewing but by evolutionary adaptations involving reduction in size and change in shape of the face. Holton et al. claim that this adaptation occurred as the face became smaller compared to that of other ancient humans. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_perspectives">Other perspectives</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chin&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Other perspectives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Robert Franciscus takes a more anthropological viewpoint: he believes that the chin was formed as a consequence of the change in lifestyle humans underwent approximately 80,000 years ago. As humans' <a href="/wiki/Hunter-gatherer" title="Hunter-gatherer">hunter-gatherer</a> societies grew into larger social networks, territorial disputes decreased because the new social structure promoted building alliances in order to exchange goods and belief systems. Franciscus believes that this change in the human environment reduced hormone levels, especially in men, resulting in the natural evolution of the chin.<sup id="cite_ref-sciencedaily.com_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sciencedaily.com-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Overall, human beings are unique in the sense that they are the only species among <a href="/wiki/Primate" title="Primate">primates</a> who have chins. In the paper <i>The Enduring Puzzle of the Human Chin</i>, evolutionary anthropologists James Pampush and David Daegling discuss various theories that have been raised to solve the puzzle of the chin. They conclude that "each of the proposals we have discussed falter either empirically or theoretically; some fail, to a degree, on both accounts… This should serve as motivation, not discouragement, for researchers to continue investigating this modern human peculiarity… perhaps understanding the chin will reveal some unexpected insight into what it means to be human."<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cleft_chin">Cleft chin</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chin&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Cleft chin"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cleft-Chin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Cleft-Chin.jpg/220px-Cleft-Chin.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Cleft-Chin.jpg/330px-Cleft-Chin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Cleft-Chin.jpg/440px-Cleft-Chin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="726" data-file-height="523" /></a><figcaption>Example of a cleft chin (<a href="/wiki/William_McKinley" title="William McKinley">William McKinley</a>)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Human_jawbone_front.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Human_jawbone_front.jpg/220px-Human_jawbone_front.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Human_jawbone_front.jpg/330px-Human_jawbone_front.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Human_jawbone_front.jpg/440px-Human_jawbone_front.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1567" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Human jaw front view</figcaption></figure> <p>The terms cleft chin,<sup id="cite_ref-jax_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jax-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> chin cleft,<sup id="cite_ref-jax_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jax-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dimple chin,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or chin dimple<sup id="cite_ref-jax_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jax-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> refer to a <a href="/wiki/Dimple" title="Dimple">dimple</a> on the chin. It is a <a href="/wiki/Y-shape" class="mw-redirect" title="Y-shape">Y-shaped</a> fissure on the chin with an underlying bony peculiarity.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Specifically, the chin fissure follows the fissure in the lower <a href="/wiki/Jaw" title="Jaw">jaw</a> bone that resulted from the incomplete fusion of the left and right halves of the jaw bone, or muscle, during the embryonal and fetal development. It can also develop during the later <a href="/wiki/Mandibular_symphysis" title="Mandibular symphysis">mandibular symphysis</a>, due to growth of the mental protuberance during puberty, or as a result of <a href="/wiki/Acromegaly" title="Acromegaly">acromegaly</a>. In some cases, one <a href="/wiki/Mental_tubercle" title="Mental tubercle">mental tubercle</a> may grow more than another, which can cause facial asymmetry.<sup id="cite_ref-jax_15-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jax-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A cleft chin is an <a href="/wiki/Mendelian_inheritance" title="Mendelian inheritance">inherited</a> trait in humans and can be influenced by many factors. The cleft chin is also a classic example of variable <a href="/wiki/Penetrance" title="Penetrance">penetrance</a><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with environmental factors or a <a href="/wiki/Modifier_gene" class="mw-redirect" title="Modifier gene">modifier gene</a> possibly affecting the <a href="/wiki/Phenotype" title="Phenotype">phenotypical</a> expression of the actual <a href="/wiki/Genotype" title="Genotype">genotype</a>. Cleft chins can be presented in a child when neither parent presents a cleft chin. Cleft chins are common among people originating from Europe, the Middle East and South Asia.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There is a possible genetic cause for cleft chins, a genetic marker called rs11684042, which is located in <a href="/wiki/Chromosome_2" title="Chromosome 2">chromosome 2</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Persian_literature" title="Persian literature">Persian literature</a>, the chin dimple is considered a factor of beauty and is metaphorically referred to as "the chin pit" or "the chin well": a well in which the poor lover is fallen and trapped.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Double_chin">Double chin</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chin&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Double chin"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Joseph_Urban-gezeichnet_von_R_Swoboda,_um_1900.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Joseph_Urban-gezeichnet_von_R_Swoboda%2C_um_1900.jpg/200px-Joseph_Urban-gezeichnet_von_R_Swoboda%2C_um_1900.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="282" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/54/Joseph_Urban-gezeichnet_von_R_Swoboda%2C_um_1900.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="265" data-file-height="374" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Caricature" title="Caricature">Caricature</a> <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1900 depicting <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Urban" title="Joseph Urban">Joseph Urban</a> as having a double chin</figcaption></figure> <p>A double chin is a loss of definition of the jawbone or soft tissue under the chin. There are two possible causes for a double chin, which have to be differentiated. </p><p>In overweight people, commonly the layer of <a href="/wiki/Subcutaneous_fat" class="mw-redirect" title="Subcutaneous fat">subcutaneous fat</a> around the <a href="/wiki/Neck" title="Neck">neck</a> sags down and creates a <a href="/wiki/Wrinkle" title="Wrinkle">wrinkle</a>, creating the appearance of a second chin. This fat pad is occasionally <a href="/wiki/Surgery" title="Surgery">surgically</a> removed and the corresponding muscles under the jaw shortened (hyoid lift).<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another cause can be a bony deficiency, commonly seen in people of normal weight. When the jaw bones (<a href="/wiki/Mandible" title="Mandible">mandible</a> and by extension the <a href="/wiki/Maxilla" title="Maxilla">maxilla</a>) do not project forward enough, the chin in turn will not project forward enough to give the impression of a defined jawline and chin. Despite low amounts of fat in the area, it can appear as if the chin is melting into the neck. The extent of this deficiency can vary drastically and usually has to be treated surgically.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In some patients, the aesthetic deficit can be overcome with <a href="/wiki/Genioplasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Genioplasty">genioplasty</a> alone; in others, the lack of forward growth might warrant <a href="/wiki/Orthognathic_surgery" title="Orthognathic surgery">orthognathic surgery</a> to move one or two jaws forward. If the patient suffers from <a href="/wiki/Sleep_apnea" title="Sleep apnea">sleep apnea</a>, early <a href="/wiki/Maxillomandibular_advancement" title="Maxillomandibular advancement">maxillomandibular advancement</a> is usually the only causal treatment and necessary to preserve normal life expectancy. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chin&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chin_augmentation" title="Chin augmentation">Chin augmentation</a> (genioplasty)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masseter" class="mw-redirect" title="Masseter">Masseter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mastication" class="mw-redirect" title="Mastication">Mastication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otofacial_syndrome" title="Otofacial syndrome">Otofacial syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptosis_(chin)" title="Ptosis (chin)">Ptosis (chin)</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chin&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFStringerHublinVandermeersch1984" class="citation book cs1">Stringer CB, Hublin JJ, Vandermeersch B (1984). <i>The origin of anatomically modern humans in western Europe. 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New York. pp. 51–135.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+origin+of+anatomically+modern+humans+in+western+Europe.+In+F.+H.+Smith+%26+Spencer+%28Eds.%29%2C+The+origins+of+modern+humans%3A+a+world+survey+of+the+fossil+evidence&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=51-135&rft.date=1984&rft.aulast=Stringer&rft.aufirst=CB&rft.au=Hublin%2C+JJ&rft.au=Vandermeersch%2C+B&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChin" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchwartzTattersall2000" class="citation journal cs1">Schwartz JH, Tattersall I (March 2000). 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"The story of the chin". <i>Knowledge</i>. <b>36</b>: 410–420.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Knowledge&rft.atitle=The+story+of+the+chin&rft.volume=36&rft.pages=410-420&rft.date=1913&rft.aulast=Robinson&rft.aufirst=L&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDaegling1993" class="citation journal cs1">Daegling DJ (1993). 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"Anomalien und Anomaliekomplexe in der Gegend des ersten Schlundbogens". <i>Zeitschrift für menschliche Vererbungs- und Konstitutionslehre</i>. <b>23</b>: 43–52.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Zeitschrift+f%C3%BCr+menschliche+Vererbungs-+und+Konstitutionslehre&rft.atitle=Anomalien+und+Anomaliekomplexe+in+der+Gegend+des+ersten+Schlundbogens&rft.volume=23&rft.pages=43-52&rft.aulast=G%C3%BCnther&rft.aufirst=H&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChin" class="Z3988"></span>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLebowSawin1941" class="citation journal cs1">Lebow MR, Sawin PB (1941). "Inheritance of human facial features: a pedigree study involving length of face, prominent ears and chin cleft". <i>Journal of Heredity</i>. <b>32</b>: 127–32. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Foxfordjournals.jhered.a105016">10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a105016</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Heredity&rft.atitle=Inheritance+of+human+facial+features%3A+a+pedigree+study+involving+length+of+face%2C+prominent+ears+and+chin+cleft&rft.volume=32&rft.pages=127-32&rft.date=1941&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Foxfordjournals.jhered.a105016&rft.aulast=Lebow&rft.aufirst=MR&rft.au=Sawin%2C+PB&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ancestry.com/lp/traits/cleft-chin">"Cleft Chin"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Ancestry.com" title="Ancestry.com">AncestryDNA Traits Learning Hub</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-08-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AncestryDNA+Traits+Learning+Hub&rft.atitle=Cleft+Chin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ancestry.com%2Flp%2Ftraits%2Fcleft-chin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.loghatnaameh.org/dehkhodaworddetail-37e7cdd30d8843bf88822f21885bc505-fa.html">چاه زنخدان the chin well</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140808065350/http://www.loghatnaameh.org/dehkhodaworddetail-37e7cdd30d8843bf88822f21885bc505-fa.html">Archived</a> 2014-08-08 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLarkin2005" class="citation book cs1">Larkin, Dimitrije E. Panfilov ; translated by Grahame (2005). <i>Cosmetic surgery today</i>. Stuttgart: Thieme Medical Publishers. p. 64. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-58890-334-6" title="Special:BookSources/1-58890-334-6"><bdi>1-58890-334-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cosmetic+surgery+today&rft.place=Stuttgart&rft.pages=64&rft.pub=Thieme+Medical+Publishers&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=1-58890-334-6&rft.aulast=Larkin&rft.aufirst=Dimitrije+E.+Panfilov+%3B+translated+by+Grahame&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChin" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chin&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Chins" class="extiw" 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anatomy</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Human_body" title="Human body">Body</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Human_skin" title="Human skin">Skin</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Human_head" title="Human head">Head</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hair" title="Hair">Hair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Face" title="Face">Face</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Forehead" title="Forehead">Forehead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheek" title="Cheek">Cheek</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eyebrow" title="Eyebrow">Eyebrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_eye" title="Human eye">Eye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eyelid" title="Eyelid">Eyelid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_nose" title="Human nose">Nose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_mouth" title="Human mouth">Mouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lip" title="Lip">Lip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongue" title="Tongue">Tongue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_tooth" title="Human tooth">Tooth</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ear" title="Ear">Ear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaw" title="Jaw">Jaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandible" title="Mandible">Mandible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occipital_bone" title="Occipital bone">Occiput</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scalp" title="Scalp">Scalp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_(anatomy)" title="Temple (anatomy)">Temple</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Neck" title="Neck">Neck</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adam%27s_apple" title="Adam's apple">Adam's apple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Throat" title="Throat">Throat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nape" title="Nape">Nape</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Torso" title="Torso">Torso</a> (Trunk)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdomen" title="Abdomen">Abdomen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Waist" title="Waist">Waist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midriff" title="Midriff">Midriff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navel" title="Navel">Navel</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vertebral_column" title="Vertebral column">Vertebral column</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_back" title="Human back">Back</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thorax" title="Thorax">Thorax</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Breast" title="Breast">Breast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nipple" title="Nipple">Nipple</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelvis" title="Pelvis">Pelvis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_organ" title="Sex organ">Genitalia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Human_penis" title="Human penis">Penis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scrotum" title="Scrotum">Scrotum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulva" title="Vulva">Vulva</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_anus" title="Human anus">Anus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Limb_(anatomy)" title="Limb (anatomy)">Limbs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Arm" title="Arm">Arm</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shoulder" title="Shoulder">Shoulder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axilla" title="Axilla">Axilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elbow" title="Elbow">Elbow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forearm" title="Forearm">Forearm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrist" title="Wrist">Wrist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hand" title="Hand">Hand</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Finger" title="Finger">Finger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nail_(anatomy)" title="Nail (anatomy)">Fingernail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thumb" title="Thumb">Thumb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_finger" title="Index finger">Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_finger" title="Middle finger">Middle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ring_finger" title="Ring finger">Ring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_finger" title="Little finger">Little</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Human_leg" title="Human leg">Leg</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buttocks" title="Buttocks">Buttocks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hip" title="Hip">Hip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thigh" title="Thigh">Thigh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knee" title="Knee">Knee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calf_(leg)" title="Calf (leg)">Calf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foot" title="Foot">Foot</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ankle" title="Ankle">Ankle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heel" title="Heel">Heel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toe" title="Toe">Toe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nail_(anatomy)" title="Nail (anatomy)">Toenail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sole_(foot)" title="Sole (foot)">Sole</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div 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