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overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; -webkit-line-clamp: 3; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; }</style><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><div class="u-floatLeft"><h1 class="PageHeader-title u-m0x u-fs30">Contrast Agents</h1><div class="u-tcGrayDark">8,401 Followers</div><div class="u-tcGrayDark u-mt2x">Recent papers in <b>Contrast Agents</b></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="TabbedNavigation"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><ul class="nav u-m0x u-p0x list-inline u-displayFlex"><li class="active"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contrast_Agents">Top Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contrast_Agents/MostCited">Most Cited Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contrast_Agents/MostDownloaded">Most Downloaded Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contrast_Agents/MostRecent">Newest Papers</a></li><li><a class="" href="https://www.academia.edu/People/Contrast_Agents">People</a></li></ul></div><style type="text/css">ul.nav{flex-direction:row}@media(max-width: 567px){ul.nav{flex-direction:column}.TabbedNavigation li{max-width:100%}.TabbedNavigation li.active{background-color:var(--background-grey, #dddde2)}.TabbedNavigation li.active:before,.TabbedNavigation li.active:after{display:none}}</style></div></div></div><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12"><div class="u-displayFlex"><div class="u-flexGrow1"><div class="works"><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1750964" data-work_id="1750964" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1750964/Art%C3%ADculos_de_espa%C3%B1ol_y_%C3%A1rabe_un_Estudio_Comparativo">Artículos de español y árabe: un Estudio Comparativo</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">"Abstracto Este trabajo investiga los artículos en español en comparación con los artículos en árabe, y muestra el proceso de adquisición de artículos en la lengua española por los hablantes nativos de árabe. Español como una lengua... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_1750964" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">"Abstracto <br /> <br />Este trabajo investiga los artículos en español en comparación con los artículos en árabe, y muestra el proceso de adquisición de artículos en la lengua española por los hablantes nativos de árabe. Español como una lengua romance tiene dos tipos del artículos; definido e indefinido. Cada tipo tiene dos estructuras para usar con género y el número de las personas. Por lo tanto, los hablantes de español pueden seleccionar que tipo de artículo usar según el contexto. Por otro lado, en comparación con el español, el árabe es una lengua semítica que tiene también dos tipos de los artículos; definido e indefinido. Sin embargo, género y número de las personas no son marcados para los artículos en árabe. Por eso, cuando aprenden los artículos en español, los estudiantes que son hablantes nativos de árabe pueden encontrar dificultades porque el uso del género y el número con los artículos no existen en su idioma materno. Por lo tanto, estos estudiantes pueden servirse de algunas estrategias para aprender el uso correcto de los artículos en español. Estas estrategias tienen que ser aplicadas por los estudiantes, los profesores, y los libros de la enseñanza de ELE. <br /> "</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1750964" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4f788a421c6e42551df6490f433a482d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":32066939,"asset_id":1750964,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32066939/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwNjc4NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1243605" href="https://independent.academia.edu/KhadejaAhmed">Khadeja Ahmed</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1243605" type="text/json">{"id":1243605,"first_name":"Khadeja","last_name":"Ahmed","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"KhadejaAhmed","display_name":"Khadeja Ahmed","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/KhadejaAhmed?f_ri=13748","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1243605/453443/566111/s65_khadeja.ahmed.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1750964 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1750964"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1750964, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_1750964", }); 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Español como una lengua romance tiene dos tipos del artículos; definido e indefinido. Cada tipo tiene dos estructuras para usar con género y el número de las personas. Por lo tanto, los hablantes de español pueden seleccionar que tipo de artículo usar según el contexto. Por otro lado, en comparación con el español, el árabe es una lengua semítica que tiene también dos tipos de los artículos; definido e indefinido. Sin embargo, género y número de las personas no son marcados para los artículos en árabe. Por eso, cuando aprenden los artículos en español, los estudiantes que son hablantes nativos de árabe pueden encontrar dificultades porque el uso del género y el número con los artículos no existen en su idioma materno. Por lo tanto, estos estudiantes pueden servirse de algunas estrategias para aprender el uso correcto de los artículos en español. Estas estrategias tienen que ser aplicadas por los estudiantes, los profesores, y los libros de la enseñanza de ELE.\r\n \"","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":32066939,"asset_id":1750964,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1243605,"first_name":"Khadeja","last_name":"Ahmed","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"KhadejaAhmed","display_name":"Khadeja Ahmed","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/KhadejaAhmed?f_ri=13748","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1243605/453443/566111/s65_khadeja.ahmed.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":101,"name":"Languages","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Languages?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true},{"id":105,"name":"Modern Languages","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modern_Languages?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true},{"id":1008,"name":"Second Language Acquisition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Second_Language_Acquisition?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true},{"id":1200,"name":"Languages and Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Languages_and_Linguistics?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true},{"id":1238,"name":"Spanish","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spanish?f_ri=13748"},{"id":2238,"name":"Pragmatics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pragmatics?f_ri=13748"},{"id":3614,"name":"Structure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Structure?f_ri=13748"},{"id":5460,"name":"Conceptual Metaphor","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conceptual_Metaphor?f_ri=13748"},{"id":5832,"name":"Terminology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Terminology?f_ri=13748"},{"id":9183,"name":"Comparative Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Linguistics?f_ri=13748"},{"id":13297,"name":"Cognitive Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Linguistics?f_ri=13748"},{"id":13639,"name":"Spanish as a Foreign Language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spanish_as_a_Foreign_Language?f_ri=13748"},{"id":13748,"name":"Contrast Agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contrast_Agents?f_ri=13748"},{"id":15674,"name":"Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Linguistics?f_ri=13748"},{"id":19833,"name":"Contrastive Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contrastive_Analysis?f_ri=13748"},{"id":30347,"name":"Translation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Translation?f_ri=13748"},{"id":33208,"name":"Comparative","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative?f_ri=13748"},{"id":50587,"name":"Comparison","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparison?f_ri=13748"},{"id":53132,"name":"Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Analysis?f_ri=13748"},{"id":110714,"name":"Acquisition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Acquisition?f_ri=13748"},{"id":196889,"name":"ELE","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ELE?f_ri=13748"},{"id":407239,"name":"Differences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Differences?f_ri=13748"},{"id":539754,"name":"Uses","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Uses?f_ri=13748"},{"id":792711,"name":"Similarities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Similarities?f_ri=13748"},{"id":961645,"name":"Definite","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Definite?f_ri=13748"},{"id":999371,"name":"Indefinite","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indefinite?f_ri=13748"},{"id":999372,"name":"Articles In Arabic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Articles_In_Arabic?f_ri=13748"},{"id":999373,"name":"Arab Learners","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arab_Learners?f_ri=13748"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_7335492" data-work_id="7335492" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/7335492/Nouveaux_Complexes_de_Lanthanides_pour_le_d%C3%A9veloppement_dagent_de_contraste_bimodaux_IRM_luminescence">Nouveaux Complexes de Lanthanides pour le développement d'agent de contraste bimodaux IRM/luminescence</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Ce travail de thèse a été effectué au laboratoire de Reconnaissance Ionique et Chimie de Coordination du CEA Grenoble dirigé par Pascale Maldivi, que je remercie pour m'avoir accueilli au sein de son équipe. Je remercie Marinella Mazzanti... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_7335492" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Ce travail de thèse a été effectué au laboratoire de Reconnaissance Ionique et Chimie de Coordination du CEA Grenoble dirigé par Pascale Maldivi, que je remercie pour m'avoir accueilli au sein de son équipe. Je remercie Marinella Mazzanti qui a dirigé cette thèse, pour m'avoir suivi pendant ses trois ans, pour avoir toujours été disponible et pour m'avoir transmis son enthousiasme pour la chimie des lanthanides. Ce sujet a été pour moi l'occasion d'élargir mon horizon chimique grâce à l'opportunité qu'elle m'a offerte à travers ce sujet de thèse. Je voudrais remercier le professeur Jens Hasserodt et le docteur Loïc Charbonnière pour m'avoir fait l'honneur d'examiner ce mémoire en qualité de rapporteurs. Merci beaucoup pour le temps que vous avez pris pour lire et juger ce travail de thèse. Je remercie également le docteur Sarah Catoen et le professeur Fabrice Thomas pour l'intérêt qu'ils ont témoigné pour ce travail en acceptant de faire partie du jury de cette thèse. Je souhaite remercier tout particulièrement Pascal Fries, dont l'aide a été très précieuse au cours de ces trois ans, que ce soit pour les interprétations théoriques des résultats expérimentaux, pour les différentes expériences de relaxométrie ainsi que pour la relecture attentive du manuscrit. Je tiens à remercier Daniel Imbert pour les mesures de luminescence, ainsi que pour son aide pour la synthèse organique et les mesures de physico-chimie. Je tiens également à remercier Christelle Gâteau pour la synthèse des dérivés de la dpaa ainsi pour son aide et ses conseils pour la synthèse organique en général. En grand merci à Lydia Plassais qui m'a beaucoup aidé pour le développement des synthèses des ligands basés sur le 1,4,7 triazacyclononane. Je remercie Lother Helm pour m'avoir accueilli quelques jours au sein de son équipe à Lausanne et pour son aide pour les mesures de RMN de l' 17 O. Un grand merci également à Hugues Jacquard pour m'avoir aidé au laboratoire pendant ces dix jours. 3 Un grand merci à Colette Lebrun pour l'ensemble des spectres de masse, son aide précieuse et sa gentillesse au quotidien. Merci à Pierre-Alain Bayle pour toujours avoir pris le temps de m'aider pour les expériences de RMN, et pour m'avoir dépanné de nombreuses fois quand les spectromètres étaient capricieux ! Merci à Armelle Guillermo pour son aide et sa disponibilité pour les mesures de relaxométrie effectuées à 45 et 90 MHz. Je tiens également à remercier toutes les personnes qui ont collaboré sur le projet des nano billes : Samuel Jorice, Peter Cherns, Wai L. Ling, Olivier Raccurt et Olivier Poncelet. Je tiens également à remercier Michel De Waard et son équipe pour les expériences IRM réalisées sur les rats. Enfin je tiens à remercier Didier Gasparutto et Christine Saint Pierre pour leur travail sur le greffage des nucléosides. Merci également à Zohra pour sa disponibilité et pour l'efficacité dont elle fait preuve pour régler tous les soucis administratifs. Je tiens enfin à remercier l'ensemble des personnes du laboratoire, qui permettent que l'ambiance soit si agréable et qui rendent le travail au quotidien un peu plus facile.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/7335492" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="406a369f92e816b1f5f6e69e5f9902ae" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":33938815,"asset_id":7335492,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/33938815/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwNjc4NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="12197574" href="https://independent.academia.edu/GaylordTallec">Gaylord Tallec</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="12197574" type="text/json">{"id":12197574,"first_name":"Gaylord","last_name":"Tallec","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"GaylordTallec","display_name":"Gaylord Tallec","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GaylordTallec?f_ri=13748","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/12197574/3643492/4281877/s65_gaylord.tallec.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_7335492 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="7335492"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 7335492, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_7335492", }); 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Je remercie Marinella Mazzanti qui a dirigé cette thèse, pour m'avoir suivi pendant ses trois ans, pour avoir toujours été disponible et pour m'avoir transmis son enthousiasme pour la chimie des lanthanides. Ce sujet a été pour moi l'occasion d'élargir mon horizon chimique grâce à l'opportunité qu'elle m'a offerte à travers ce sujet de thèse. Je voudrais remercier le professeur Jens Hasserodt et le docteur Loïc Charbonnière pour m'avoir fait l'honneur d'examiner ce mémoire en qualité de rapporteurs. Merci beaucoup pour le temps que vous avez pris pour lire et juger ce travail de thèse. Je remercie également le docteur Sarah Catoen et le professeur Fabrice Thomas pour l'intérêt qu'ils ont témoigné pour ce travail en acceptant de faire partie du jury de cette thèse. Je souhaite remercier tout particulièrement Pascal Fries, dont l'aide a été très précieuse au cours de ces trois ans, que ce soit pour les interprétations théoriques des résultats expérimentaux, pour les différentes expériences de relaxométrie ainsi que pour la relecture attentive du manuscrit. Je tiens à remercier Daniel Imbert pour les mesures de luminescence, ainsi que pour son aide pour la synthèse organique et les mesures de physico-chimie. Je tiens également à remercier Christelle Gâteau pour la synthèse des dérivés de la dpaa ainsi pour son aide et ses conseils pour la synthèse organique en général. En grand merci à Lydia Plassais qui m'a beaucoup aidé pour le développement des synthèses des ligands basés sur le 1,4,7 triazacyclononane. Je remercie Lother Helm pour m'avoir accueilli quelques jours au sein de son équipe à Lausanne et pour son aide pour les mesures de RMN de l' 17 O. Un grand merci également à Hugues Jacquard pour m'avoir aidé au laboratoire pendant ces dix jours. 3 Un grand merci à Colette Lebrun pour l'ensemble des spectres de masse, son aide précieuse et sa gentillesse au quotidien. Merci à Pierre-Alain Bayle pour toujours avoir pris le temps de m'aider pour les expériences de RMN, et pour m'avoir dépanné de nombreuses fois quand les spectromètres étaient capricieux ! Merci à Armelle Guillermo pour son aide et sa disponibilité pour les mesures de relaxométrie effectuées à 45 et 90 MHz. Je tiens également à remercier toutes les personnes qui ont collaboré sur le projet des nano billes : Samuel Jorice, Peter Cherns, Wai L. Ling, Olivier Raccurt et Olivier Poncelet. Je tiens également à remercier Michel De Waard et son équipe pour les expériences IRM réalisées sur les rats. Enfin je tiens à remercier Didier Gasparutto et Christine Saint Pierre pour leur travail sur le greffage des nucléosides. Merci également à Zohra pour sa disponibilité et pour l'efficacité dont elle fait preuve pour régler tous les soucis administratifs. Je tiens enfin à remercier l'ensemble des personnes du laboratoire, qui permettent que l'ambiance soit si agréable et qui rendent le travail au quotidien un peu plus facile.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":33938815,"asset_id":7335492,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":12197574,"first_name":"Gaylord","last_name":"Tallec","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"GaylordTallec","display_name":"Gaylord Tallec","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GaylordTallec?f_ri=13748","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/12197574/3643492/4281877/s65_gaylord.tallec.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":8928,"name":"MRI","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/MRI?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true},{"id":13748,"name":"Contrast Agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contrast_Agents?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true},{"id":142159,"name":"Luminescence of lanthanide ions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Luminescence_of_lanthanide_ions?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true},{"id":220042,"name":"synthesis of MRI contrast agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/synthesis_of_MRI_contrast_agents?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_17014567" data-work_id="17014567" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/17014567/Medical_Applications_of_Nanoparticles_in_Biological_Imaging_Cell_Labeling_Antimicrobial_Agents_and_Anticancer_Nanodrugs">Medical Applications of Nanoparticles in Biological Imaging, Cell Labeling, Antimicrobial Agents, and Anticancer Nanodrugs</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This article reviews the applications of nanotechnology in the fields of medical and life sciences. Nanoparticles have shown promising applications from diagnosis to treatment of various types of diseases including cancer. In this review,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_17014567" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This article reviews the applications of nanotechnology in the fields of medical and life sciences. Nanoparticles have shown promising applications from diagnosis to treatment of various types of diseases including cancer. In this review, we discuss the applications of nanostructured materials such as nanoparticles, quantum dots, nanorods, nanowires, and carbon nanotubes in diagnostics, biomarkers, cell labeling, contrast agents for biological imaging, antimicrobial agents, drug delivery systems, and anticancer nanodrugs for treatment of cancer and other infectious diseases. The adverse affects of nanoparticles on human skin from daily use in cosmetics and general toxicology of nanoscale materials are also reviewed.<br />KEYWORDS: Medical Applications, Nanoparticles, Contrast Agents for Biological Imaging, Cell Labeling, Antimicrobial Agents, Anticancer Nanodrugs, Cosmetics, Nanotoxicology.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/17014567" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="bf6ac27652fb6415805c232232a0d2d6" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":39308533,"asset_id":17014567,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/39308533/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwNjc4NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="36308520" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HariSinghNalwa">Dr. Hari Singh Nalwa, USA</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="36308520" type="text/json">{"id":36308520,"first_name":"Dr. Hari Singh","last_name":"Nalwa, USA","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"HariSinghNalwa","display_name":"Dr. Hari Singh Nalwa, USA","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/HariSinghNalwa?f_ri=13748","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/36308520/10641387/11879156/s65_dr._hari_singh.nalwa_usa.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_17014567 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="17014567"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 17014567, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_17014567", }); 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Nanoparticles have shown promising applications from diagnosis to treatment of various types of diseases including cancer. In this review, we discuss the applications of nanostructured materials such as nanoparticles, quantum dots, nanorods, nanowires, and carbon nanotubes in diagnostics, biomarkers, cell labeling, contrast agents for biological imaging, antimicrobial agents, drug delivery systems, and anticancer nanodrugs for treatment of cancer and other infectious diseases. The adverse affects of nanoparticles on human skin from daily use in cosmetics and general toxicology of nanoscale materials are also reviewed.\nKEYWORDS: Medical Applications, Nanoparticles, Contrast Agents for Biological Imaging, Cell Labeling, Antimicrobial Agents, Anticancer Nanodrugs, Cosmetics, Nanotoxicology.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":39308533,"asset_id":17014567,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":36308520,"first_name":"Dr. Hari Singh","last_name":"Nalwa, USA","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"HariSinghNalwa","display_name":"Dr. Hari Singh Nalwa, USA","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/HariSinghNalwa?f_ri=13748","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/36308520/10641387/11879156/s65_dr._hari_singh.nalwa_usa.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1066,"name":"Biomedicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomedicine?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true},{"id":1131,"name":"Biomedical 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})();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_49491758" data-work_id="49491758" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/49491758/FARMACOLOGIA_EN_BIOIMAGENES">FARMACOLOGIA EN BIOIMAGENES</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Farmacología en Bioimagenes</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/49491758" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="16c95ad99dc11fa3189d27baa19f655a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":67832102,"asset_id":49491758,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67832102/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwNjc4NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1728178" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SCiardullo">Silvana F Ciardullo</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1728178" type="text/json">{"id":1728178,"first_name":"Silvana","last_name":"Ciardullo","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SCiardullo","display_name":"Silvana F Ciardullo","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SCiardullo?f_ri=13748","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1728178/595117/48078695/s65_silvana.ciardullo.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_49491758 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="49491758"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 49491758, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_49491758", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_49491758 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden 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href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computed_Tomography">Computed Tomography</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1648" type="text/json">{"id":1648,"name":"Computed Tomography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computed_Tomography?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="13748" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contrast_Agents">Contrast Agents</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="13748" type="text/json">{"id":13748,"name":"Contrast Agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contrast_Agents?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=49491758]'), work: {"id":49491758,"title":"FARMACOLOGIA EN BIOIMAGENES","created_at":"2021-07-01T04:59:49.059-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/49491758/FARMACOLOGIA_EN_BIOIMAGENES?f_ri=13748","dom_id":"work_49491758","summary":"Farmacología en Bioimagenes","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":67832102,"asset_id":49491758,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1728178,"first_name":"Silvana","last_name":"Ciardullo","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SCiardullo","display_name":"Silvana F Ciardullo","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SCiardullo?f_ri=13748","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1728178/595117/48078695/s65_silvana.ciardullo.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":640,"name":"Radiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiology?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true},{"id":1648,"name":"Computed Tomography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computed_Tomography?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true},{"id":13748,"name":"Contrast Agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contrast_Agents?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_40310746" data-work_id="40310746" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/40310746/Improved_mesoscale_segmentation_of_concrete_from_3D_X_ray_images_using_contrast_enhancers">Improved mesoscale segmentation of concrete from 3D X-ray images using contrast enhancers</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Obtaining the mesostructure of concrete from X-ray computed tomography (CT) requires segmentation of the data into distinct phases, a process complicated by the limited contrast between aggregates and mortar matrix. This paper explores... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_40310746" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Obtaining the mesostructure of concrete from X-ray computed tomography (CT) requires segmentation of the data into distinct phases, a process complicated by the limited contrast between aggregates and mortar matrix. This paper explores the possibility to add baryte or hematite into the concrete mixture to enhance the contrast between cement paste and aggregates in CT, thus allowing for a semi-automatic segmentation. Raw and segmented CT images of plain and modified concrete mixtures are obtained and compared to assess the validity of the proposed approach. Characterization tests are also performed in order to ensure that the concrete characteristics are not appreciably affected by the presence of the enhancers.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/40310746" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="470db665e3f465194985ee132cc799be" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":60552347,"asset_id":40310746,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/60552347/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwNjc4NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="25961739" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DaleBentz">Dale P Bentz</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="25961739" type="text/json">{"id":25961739,"first_name":"Dale","last_name":"Bentz","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DaleBentz","display_name":"Dale P Bentz","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DaleBentz?f_ri=13748","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/25961739/10141678/11316337/s65_dale.bentz.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_40310746 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="40310746"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 40310746, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_40310746", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=40310746]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_40310746").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_40310746").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="40310746"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1185" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Image_Processing">Image Processing</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1185" type="text/json">{"id":1185,"name":"Image Processing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Image_Processing?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3804" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Concrete">Concrete</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3804" type="text/json">{"id":3804,"name":"Concrete","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Concrete?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="13748" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contrast_Agents">Contrast Agents</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="13748" type="text/json">{"id":13748,"name":"Contrast Agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contrast_Agents?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14978" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Concrete_Technology">Concrete Technology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="14978" type="text/json">{"id":14978,"name":"Concrete Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Concrete_Technology?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=40310746]'), work: {"id":40310746,"title":"Improved mesoscale segmentation of concrete from 3D X-ray images using contrast enhancers","created_at":"2019-09-10T15:00:18.612-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/40310746/Improved_mesoscale_segmentation_of_concrete_from_3D_X_ray_images_using_contrast_enhancers?f_ri=13748","dom_id":"work_40310746","summary":"Obtaining the mesostructure of concrete from X-ray computed tomography (CT) requires segmentation of the data into distinct phases, a process complicated by the limited contrast between aggregates and mortar matrix. This paper explores the possibility to add baryte or hematite into the concrete mixture to enhance the contrast between cement paste and aggregates in CT, thus allowing for a semi-automatic segmentation. Raw and segmented CT images of plain and modified concrete mixtures are obtained and compared to assess the validity of the proposed approach. Characterization tests are also performed in order to ensure that the concrete characteristics are not appreciably affected by the presence of the enhancers.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":60552347,"asset_id":40310746,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":25961739,"first_name":"Dale","last_name":"Bentz","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DaleBentz","display_name":"Dale P Bentz","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DaleBentz?f_ri=13748","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/25961739/10141678/11316337/s65_dale.bentz.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1185,"name":"Image Processing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Image_Processing?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true},{"id":3804,"name":"Concrete","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Concrete?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true},{"id":13748,"name":"Contrast Agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contrast_Agents?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true},{"id":14978,"name":"Concrete Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Concrete_Technology?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true},{"id":1189245,"name":"X-ray Computed Micro Tomography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/X-ray_Computed_Micro_Tomography?f_ri=13748"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_18090012 coauthored" data-work_id="18090012" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/18090012/Magnetic_optical_and_relaxometric_properties_of_organically_coated_gold_magnetite_Au_Fe3O4_hybrid_nanoparticles_for_potential_use_in_biomedical_applications">Magnetic, optical and relaxometric properties of organically coated gold–magnetite (Au–Fe3O4) hybrid nanoparticles for potential use in biomedical applications</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">We present the magnetic, optical and relaxometric properties of multifunctional Au-Fe 3 O 4 hybrid nanoparticles (HNPs), as possible novel contrast agents (CAs) for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The HNPs have been synthesized by wet... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_18090012" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">We present the magnetic, optical and relaxometric properties of multifunctional Au-Fe 3 O 4 hybrid nanoparticles (HNPs), as possible novel contrast agents (CAs) for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The HNPs have been synthesized by wet chemical methods in heterodimer and core-shell geometries and capped with oleylamine. Structural characterization of the samples have been made by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy, while magnetic properties have been investigated by means of Superconducting Quantum Interference Device-SQUID magnetometry experiments. As required for MRI applications using negative CAs, the samples resulted superparamagnetic at room temperature and well above their blocking temperatures. Optical properties have been investigated by analyzing the optical absorbtion spectra collected in UV-visible region. Relaxometric measurements have been performed on organic suspensions of HNPs and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) dispersion curves have been obtained by measuring the longitudinal 1/T 1 and transverse 1/T 2 relaxation rates of solvent protons in the range 10 kHz/300 MHz at room temperature. NMR relaxivities r 1 and r 2 have been compared with ENDOREM s , one of the commercial superparamagnetic iron oxide based MRI contrast agents. MRI contrast enhancement efficiencies have been investigated also by examining T 2 -weighted MR images of suspensions. The experimental results suggest that the nanoparticles' suspensions are good candidates as negative CAs.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/18090012" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="17f8e6e3b7155ffa8f6ae1aed34042a0" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":39870139,"asset_id":18090012,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/39870139/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwNjc4NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="37929963" href="https://unimi.academia.edu/PaoloArosio">Paolo Arosio</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="37929963" type="text/json">{"id":37929963,"first_name":"Paolo","last_name":"Arosio","domain_name":"unimi","page_name":"PaoloArosio","display_name":"Paolo Arosio","profile_url":"https://unimi.academia.edu/PaoloArosio?f_ri=13748","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-18090012">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-18090012"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/PGhigna">P. Ghigna</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-18090012'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-18090012').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_18090012 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="18090012"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 18090012, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_18090012", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_18090012 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 18090012; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_18090012"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_18090012 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="18090012"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 18090012; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=18090012]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_18090012").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_18090012").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="18090012"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8928" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/MRI">MRI</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8928" type="text/json">{"id":8928,"name":"MRI","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/MRI?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="13621" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nanoparticles">Nanoparticles</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="13621" type="text/json">{"id":13621,"name":"Nanoparticles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nanoparticles?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="13748" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contrast_Agents">Contrast Agents</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="13748" type="text/json">{"id":13748,"name":"Contrast Agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contrast_Agents?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="510090" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetism_and_Magnetic_Materials">Magnetism and Magnetic Materials</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="510090" type="text/json">{"id":510090,"name":"Magnetism and Magnetic Materials","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetism_and_Magnetic_Materials?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=18090012]'), work: {"id":18090012,"title":"Magnetic, optical and relaxometric properties of organically coated gold–magnetite (Au–Fe3O4) hybrid nanoparticles for potential use in biomedical applications","created_at":"2015-11-10T08:19:15.913-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/18090012/Magnetic_optical_and_relaxometric_properties_of_organically_coated_gold_magnetite_Au_Fe3O4_hybrid_nanoparticles_for_potential_use_in_biomedical_applications?f_ri=13748","dom_id":"work_18090012","summary":"We present the magnetic, optical and relaxometric properties of multifunctional Au-Fe 3 O 4 hybrid nanoparticles (HNPs), as possible novel contrast agents (CAs) for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The HNPs have been synthesized by wet chemical methods in heterodimer and core-shell geometries and capped with oleylamine. Structural characterization of the samples have been made by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy, while magnetic properties have been investigated by means of Superconducting Quantum Interference Device-SQUID magnetometry experiments. As required for MRI applications using negative CAs, the samples resulted superparamagnetic at room temperature and well above their blocking temperatures. Optical properties have been investigated by analyzing the optical absorbtion spectra collected in UV-visible region. Relaxometric measurements have been performed on organic suspensions of HNPs and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) dispersion curves have been obtained by measuring the longitudinal 1/T 1 and transverse 1/T 2 relaxation rates of solvent protons in the range 10 kHz/300 MHz at room temperature. NMR relaxivities r 1 and r 2 have been compared with ENDOREM s , one of the commercial superparamagnetic iron oxide based MRI contrast agents. MRI contrast enhancement efficiencies have been investigated also by examining T 2 -weighted MR images of suspensions. The experimental results suggest that the nanoparticles' suspensions are good candidates as negative CAs.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":39870139,"asset_id":18090012,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":37929963,"first_name":"Paolo","last_name":"Arosio","domain_name":"unimi","page_name":"PaoloArosio","display_name":"Paolo Arosio","profile_url":"https://unimi.academia.edu/PaoloArosio?f_ri=13748","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":32563538,"first_name":"P.","last_name":"Ghigna","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PGhigna","display_name":"P. Ghigna","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PGhigna?f_ri=13748","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":8928,"name":"MRI","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/MRI?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true},{"id":13621,"name":"Nanoparticles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nanoparticles?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true},{"id":13748,"name":"Contrast Agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contrast_Agents?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true},{"id":510090,"name":"Magnetism and Magnetic Materials","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetism_and_Magnetic_Materials?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_38724175 coauthored" data-work_id="38724175" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/38724175/Controlling_the_transverse_proton_relaxivity_of_magnetic_graphene_oxide_OPEN">Controlling the transverse proton relaxivity of magnetic graphene oxide OPEN</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The engineering of materials with controlled magnetic properties by means other than a magnetic field is of great interest in nanotechnology. In this study, we report engineered magnetic graphene oxide (MGO) in the nanocomposite form of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_38724175" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The engineering of materials with controlled magnetic properties by means other than a magnetic field is of great interest in nanotechnology. In this study, we report engineered magnetic graphene oxide (MGO) in the nanocomposite form of iron oxide nanoparticles (IO)-graphene oxide (GO) with tunable core magnetism and magnetic resonance transverse relaxivity (r 2). These tunable properties are obtained by varying the IO content on GO. The MGO series exhibits r 2 values analogous to those observed in conventional single core and cluster forms of IO in different size regimes-motional averaging regime (MAR), static dephasing regime (SDR), and echo-limiting regime (ELR) or slow motion regime (SMR). The maximum r 2 of 162 ± 5.703 mM −1 s −1 is attained for MGO with 28 weight percent (wt%) content of IO on GO and hydrodynamic diameter of 414 nm, which is associated with the SDR. These findings demonstrate the clear potential of magnetic graphene oxide for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) applications. Magnetic materials such as superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (IO) have attracted mounting interest for a wide range of applications in nanomedicine 1-4 , magneto-mechanical actuation 5 , energy storage 6-8 , optoelec-tronics 9,10 , and environmental remediation 11-15 due to their biocompatibility, hydrophilicity, distinct morphology, and unique magnetic and electric properties. In medical diagnostics, the MRI applications of such materials are of paramount interest, and they are widely used as MRI negative contrast agents (CAs) 16,17 due to their hallmark characteristics of spin-spin or transverse relaxation enhancement. In pursuit of high-performance MRI CAs, the surface modification of IO is mostly executed in the form of core-shell 18,19 and Janus structure 20 using polymer stabilizers along with their controlled shape and size. In addition, with the advances in the research of graphene-based materials, GO has been utilized for surface modification of IO owing to its oxygenated functionalities, i.e., epoxide, hydroxyl, carbonyl, and carboxyl moieties 21,22 and biocompatibility 23,24. These functionalities can serve as the conjugation sites for IO to form GO-based nano-composites, and in particular, magnetic graphene oxide (MGO). Recently, IO/GO-based nanocomposites have been proposed as T 1 25 and T 2 CAs 4,26,27 for MRI. However, no systematic studies on the tunable magnetic behavior and magnetic resonance (MR) relaxivity of such materials have been reported, and its corresponding size regime correlation remains unsettled. Some groups have recently explored the tunability of magnetic resonance transverse relaxivity (r 2) in single core or cluster forms of IO in the PEGylated core-shell nanostructures. The distinct r 2 values of IO with size range ~5-14 nm were reported via optimization of the coating thickness using PEG with molecular weights of 550, 750, 1000, 2000 and 5000 Da 28. Similarly, the PEGylated raspberry-like nanoclusters of superparamagnetic IO nanocrystals with a diameter range of 30 to 200 nm were reported with distinct r 2 values associated with three size</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/38724175" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="85e3598a4584fdcb165d51af7492d2b7" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":58809269,"asset_id":38724175,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58809269/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwNjc4NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="8720544" href="https://ecu.academia.edu/JuanBeltranHuarac">Juan Beltran-Huarac</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="8720544" type="text/json">{"id":8720544,"first_name":"Juan","last_name":"Beltran-Huarac","domain_name":"ecu","page_name":"JuanBeltranHuarac","display_name":"Juan Beltran-Huarac","profile_url":"https://ecu.academia.edu/JuanBeltranHuarac?f_ri=13748","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8720544/2889333/30527562/s65_juan.beltran-huarac.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-38724175">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-38724175"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://urrp.academia.edu/BibekThapa">Bibek Thapa</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-38724175'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-38724175').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_38724175 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="38724175"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38724175, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_38724175", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_38724175 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38724175; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_38724175"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_38724175 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="38724175"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38724175; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38724175]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_38724175").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_38724175").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="38724175"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8928" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/MRI">MRI</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8928" type="text/json">{"id":8928,"name":"MRI","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/MRI?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="13748" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contrast_Agents">Contrast Agents</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="13748" type="text/json">{"id":13748,"name":"Contrast Agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contrast_Agents?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="183269" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Graphene_Oxide">Graphene Oxide</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="183269" type="text/json">{"id":183269,"name":"Graphene Oxide","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Graphene_Oxide?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=38724175]'), work: {"id":38724175,"title":"Controlling the transverse proton relaxivity of magnetic graphene oxide OPEN","created_at":"2019-04-05T19:57:28.411-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/38724175/Controlling_the_transverse_proton_relaxivity_of_magnetic_graphene_oxide_OPEN?f_ri=13748","dom_id":"work_38724175","summary":"The engineering of materials with controlled magnetic properties by means other than a magnetic field is of great interest in nanotechnology. In this study, we report engineered magnetic graphene oxide (MGO) in the nanocomposite form of iron oxide nanoparticles (IO)-graphene oxide (GO) with tunable core magnetism and magnetic resonance transverse relaxivity (r 2). These tunable properties are obtained by varying the IO content on GO. The MGO series exhibits r 2 values analogous to those observed in conventional single core and cluster forms of IO in different size regimes-motional averaging regime (MAR), static dephasing regime (SDR), and echo-limiting regime (ELR) or slow motion regime (SMR). The maximum r 2 of 162 ± 5.703 mM −1 s −1 is attained for MGO with 28 weight percent (wt%) content of IO on GO and hydrodynamic diameter of 414 nm, which is associated with the SDR. These findings demonstrate the clear potential of magnetic graphene oxide for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) applications. Magnetic materials such as superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (IO) have attracted mounting interest for a wide range of applications in nanomedicine 1-4 , magneto-mechanical actuation 5 , energy storage 6-8 , optoelec-tronics 9,10 , and environmental remediation 11-15 due to their biocompatibility, hydrophilicity, distinct morphology, and unique magnetic and electric properties. In medical diagnostics, the MRI applications of such materials are of paramount interest, and they are widely used as MRI negative contrast agents (CAs) 16,17 due to their hallmark characteristics of spin-spin or transverse relaxation enhancement. In pursuit of high-performance MRI CAs, the surface modification of IO is mostly executed in the form of core-shell 18,19 and Janus structure 20 using polymer stabilizers along with their controlled shape and size. In addition, with the advances in the research of graphene-based materials, GO has been utilized for surface modification of IO owing to its oxygenated functionalities, i.e., epoxide, hydroxyl, carbonyl, and carboxyl moieties 21,22 and biocompatibility 23,24. These functionalities can serve as the conjugation sites for IO to form GO-based nano-composites, and in particular, magnetic graphene oxide (MGO). Recently, IO/GO-based nanocomposites have been proposed as T 1 25 and T 2 CAs 4,26,27 for MRI. However, no systematic studies on the tunable magnetic behavior and magnetic resonance (MR) relaxivity of such materials have been reported, and its corresponding size regime correlation remains unsettled. Some groups have recently explored the tunability of magnetic resonance transverse relaxivity (r 2) in single core or cluster forms of IO in the PEGylated core-shell nanostructures. The distinct r 2 values of IO with size range ~5-14 nm were reported via optimization of the coating thickness using PEG with molecular weights of 550, 750, 1000, 2000 and 5000 Da 28. Similarly, the PEGylated raspberry-like nanoclusters of superparamagnetic IO nanocrystals with a diameter range of 30 to 200 nm were reported with distinct r 2 values associated with three size","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":58809269,"asset_id":38724175,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":8720544,"first_name":"Juan","last_name":"Beltran-Huarac","domain_name":"ecu","page_name":"JuanBeltranHuarac","display_name":"Juan Beltran-Huarac","profile_url":"https://ecu.academia.edu/JuanBeltranHuarac?f_ri=13748","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8720544/2889333/30527562/s65_juan.beltran-huarac.jpg"},{"id":1343446,"first_name":"Bibek","last_name":"Thapa","domain_name":"urrp","page_name":"BibekThapa","display_name":"Bibek Thapa","profile_url":"https://urrp.academia.edu/BibekThapa?f_ri=13748","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1343446/2973667/3488154/s65_bibek.thapa.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":8928,"name":"MRI","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/MRI?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true},{"id":13748,"name":"Contrast Agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contrast_Agents?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true},{"id":183269,"name":"Graphene Oxide","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Graphene_Oxide?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_213663" data-work_id="213663" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/213663/Contrastive_Information_Processing_in_Discourse_Comprehension">Contrastive Information Processing in Discourse Comprehension</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">A brief survey of linguistic studies on the nature of contrastive information in discourse was presented first, and an attempt was also made to incorporate the linguistic theories and concepts about contrast in discourse into a... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_213663" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">A brief survey of linguistic studies on the nature of contrastive information in discourse was<br />presented first, and an attempt was also made to incorporate the linguistic theories and concepts about<br />contrast in discourse into a psychological framework. A tentative model of processing of contrastive<br />information in discourse was proposed, and eight experimental studies on the effects of contrastive<br />information on comprehension and memory of short and long discourses were reviewed. Experimental results<br />showed that contrastive sentences took more time to process at encoding, and yet were recognized faster and<br />cued-recalled in greater amount than noncontrastive sentences. It was also found that levels of contrast in<br />the discourse structure have some effects on encoding time. It was further found that the sentence<br />immediately following the contrastive sentence was processed slowly regardless of whether it does or does<br />not resolve the contrast. The implications of the results of empirical studies were discussed in relation to<br />developing a research framework that integrate coherence studies and contrast studies across the two<br />disciplines of linguistics and cognitive psychology.<br />Key words Contrast in discourse, Contrastive information, Coherence of discourse, Discourse comprehension</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/213663" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4c00992f448fc4603146c9e5b83e86d7" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":698417,"asset_id":213663,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/698417/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwNjc4NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="107436" href="https://sungkyunkwan.academia.edu/JungMoLee">Jung-Mo Lee</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="107436" type="text/json">{"id":107436,"first_name":"Jung-Mo","last_name":"Lee","domain_name":"sungkyunkwan","page_name":"JungMoLee","display_name":"Jung-Mo Lee","profile_url":"https://sungkyunkwan.academia.edu/JungMoLee?f_ri=13748","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/107436/29462/27102/s65_jung-mo.lee.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_213663 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="213663"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 213663, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_213663", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_213663 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 213663; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_213663"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_213663 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="213663"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 213663; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=213663]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_213663").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_213663").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="213663"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5639" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Text_Mining">Text Mining</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5639" type="text/json">{"id":5639,"name":"Text Mining","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Text_Mining?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8581" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology_of_Language">Psychology of Language</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8581" type="text/json">{"id":8581,"name":"Psychology of Language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology_of_Language?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="13748" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contrast_Agents">Contrast Agents</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="13748" type="text/json">{"id":13748,"name":"Contrast Agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contrast_Agents?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="223442" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cohesion">Cohesion</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="223442" type="text/json">{"id":223442,"name":"Cohesion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cohesion?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=213663]'), work: {"id":213663,"title":"Contrastive Information Processing in Discourse Comprehension","created_at":"2010-02-09T08:19:32.309-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/213663/Contrastive_Information_Processing_in_Discourse_Comprehension?f_ri=13748","dom_id":"work_213663","summary":"A brief survey of linguistic studies on the nature of contrastive information in discourse was\npresented first, and an attempt was also made to incorporate the linguistic theories and concepts about\ncontrast in discourse into a psychological framework. A tentative model of processing of contrastive\ninformation in discourse was proposed, and eight experimental studies on the effects of contrastive\ninformation on comprehension and memory of short and long discourses were reviewed. Experimental results\nshowed that contrastive sentences took more time to process at encoding, and yet were recognized faster and\ncued-recalled in greater amount than noncontrastive sentences. It was also found that levels of contrast in\nthe discourse structure have some effects on encoding time. It was further found that the sentence\nimmediately following the contrastive sentence was processed slowly regardless of whether it does or does\nnot resolve the contrast. The implications of the results of empirical studies were discussed in relation to\ndeveloping a research framework that integrate coherence studies and contrast studies across the two\ndisciplines of linguistics and cognitive psychology.\nKey words Contrast in discourse, Contrastive information, Coherence of discourse, Discourse comprehension","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":698417,"asset_id":213663,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":107436,"first_name":"Jung-Mo","last_name":"Lee","domain_name":"sungkyunkwan","page_name":"JungMoLee","display_name":"Jung-Mo Lee","profile_url":"https://sungkyunkwan.academia.edu/JungMoLee?f_ri=13748","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/107436/29462/27102/s65_jung-mo.lee.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":5639,"name":"Text Mining","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Text_Mining?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true},{"id":8581,"name":"Psychology of Language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology_of_Language?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true},{"id":13748,"name":"Contrast Agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contrast_Agents?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true},{"id":223442,"name":"Cohesion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cohesion?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_42338749" data-work_id="42338749" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/42338749/Pineapple_Juice_as_a_contrast_agent_in_MRCP_Exams">Pineapple Juice as a contrast agent in MRCP Exams</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This paper deals with the images obtained using pineapple juice as a oral contrast agent compared to a manufactured standard iron oxide based contrast, chelate gadolinium-gadopentetate dimeglumine in Magnetic Resonance... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_42338749" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper deals with the images obtained using pineapple juice as a oral contrast agent compared to a manufactured standard iron oxide based contrast, chelate gadolinium-gadopentetate dimeglumine in Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography (MRCP). The research was done with 30 patients submitted to MRCP exams. On first day, a manufactured iron oxide based contrast (A) was offered and on the second day, pineapple juice (contrast B) was given to patients. Two radiologists R1 and R2 evaluated the images, classified them by giving the score (maximum of 4). On evaluating images developed by contrast A, R1 furnished an average score of 3.6 and R2 provided 3.47. similarly, On evaluating images developed by contrast B, R1 provided an average score of 3.54 and R2 provided 3.42. Thus, pineapple juice can be an alternative contrast agent in MRCP.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/42338749" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8a61d7ee419fc87aafd417e3709bc458" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":62496405,"asset_id":42338749,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/62496405/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwNjc4NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="88239100" href="https://annauniv.academia.edu/SelvarajDamodaran">Selvaraj Damodaran</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="88239100" type="text/json">{"id":88239100,"first_name":"Selvaraj","last_name":"Damodaran","domain_name":"annauniv","page_name":"SelvarajDamodaran","display_name":"Selvaraj Damodaran","profile_url":"https://annauniv.academia.edu/SelvarajDamodaran?f_ri=13748","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/88239100/41973484/33833089/s65_selvaraj.damodaran.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_42338749 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="42338749"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 42338749, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_42338749", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_42338749 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 42338749; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_42338749"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_42338749 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="42338749"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 42338749; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=42338749]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_42338749").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_42338749").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="42338749"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1185" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Image_Processing">Image Processing</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1185" type="text/json">{"id":1185,"name":"Image Processing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Image_Processing?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4998" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Image_Processing">Medical Image Processing</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4998" type="text/json">{"id":4998,"name":"Medical Image Processing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Image_Processing?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="13748" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contrast_Agents">Contrast Agents</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="13748" type="text/json">{"id":13748,"name":"Contrast Agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contrast_Agents?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="102204" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pineapple">Pineapple</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="102204" type="text/json">{"id":102204,"name":"Pineapple","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pineapple?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=42338749]'), work: {"id":42338749,"title":"Pineapple Juice as a contrast agent in MRCP Exams","created_at":"2020-03-27T02:19:29.495-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/42338749/Pineapple_Juice_as_a_contrast_agent_in_MRCP_Exams?f_ri=13748","dom_id":"work_42338749","summary":"This paper deals with the images obtained using pineapple juice as a oral contrast agent compared to a manufactured standard iron oxide based contrast, chelate gadolinium-gadopentetate dimeglumine in Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography (MRCP). The research was done with 30 patients submitted to MRCP exams. On first day, a manufactured iron oxide based contrast (A) was offered and on the second day, pineapple juice (contrast B) was given to patients. Two radiologists R1 and R2 evaluated the images, classified them by giving the score (maximum of 4). On evaluating images developed by contrast A, R1 furnished an average score of 3.6 and R2 provided 3.47. similarly, On evaluating images developed by contrast B, R1 provided an average score of 3.54 and R2 provided 3.42. Thus, pineapple juice can be an alternative contrast agent in MRCP.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":62496405,"asset_id":42338749,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":88239100,"first_name":"Selvaraj","last_name":"Damodaran","domain_name":"annauniv","page_name":"SelvarajDamodaran","display_name":"Selvaraj Damodaran","profile_url":"https://annauniv.academia.edu/SelvarajDamodaran?f_ri=13748","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/88239100/41973484/33833089/s65_selvaraj.damodaran.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1185,"name":"Image Processing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Image_Processing?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true},{"id":4998,"name":"Medical Image Processing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Image_Processing?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true},{"id":13748,"name":"Contrast Agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contrast_Agents?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true},{"id":102204,"name":"Pineapple","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pineapple?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_37296682" data-work_id="37296682" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/37296682/BIOMETRIC_APPLICATION_OF_INTELLIGENT_AGENTS_IN_FAKE_DOCUMENT_DETECTION_OF_JOB_APPLICANTS">BIOMETRIC APPLICATION OF INTELLIGENT AGENTS IN FAKE DOCUMENT DETECTION OF JOB APPLICANTS</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The Job selection process in today's globally competitive economy can be a daunting task for prospective employees no matter their experience level. Although many years of research has been devoted to job search and application resulting... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_37296682" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The Job selection process in today's globally competitive economy can be a daunting task for prospective employees no matter their experience level. Although many years of research has been devoted to job search and application resulting in good integration with information technology including the internet and intelligent agent-based architectures, there are still many areas that need to be enhanced. Two such areas include the quality of jobs associated with applicants in the job search by profiling the needs of employers against the needs of prospective employees and the security and verifications schemes integrated to reduce the instances of fraud and identity theft. The integration of mobile, intelligent agent, and cryptography technologies provide benefits such as improved accessibility wirelessly, intelligent dynamic profiling, and increased security. With this in mind we propose the intelligent mobile agents instead of human agents to perform the Job search using fuzzy preferences which is been published elsewhere and application operations incorporating the use of agents with a trust authority to establish employer trust and validate applicant identity and accuracy. Our proposed system incorporates design methodologies to use JADE-LEAP and Android to provide a robust, secure, user friendly solution.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37296682" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2e52ba048127239c6ee1e0f13b7cf56f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":57252367,"asset_id":37296682,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57252367/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwNjc4NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="21343660" rel="nofollow" href="https://independent.academia.edu/IjcseitJournal">International Journal of Computer Science, Engineering and Information Technology (IJCSEIT)</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="21343660" type="text/json">{"id":21343660,"first_name":"International Journal of Computer Science, Engineering and Information Technology","last_name":"(IJCSEIT)","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"IjcseitJournal","display_name":"International Journal of Computer Science, Engineering and Information Technology (IJCSEIT)","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/IjcseitJournal?f_ri=13748","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/21343660/5954549/114311412/s65_international_journal_of_computer_science_engineering_and_information_technology._ijcseit_.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_37296682 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="37296682"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 37296682, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_37296682", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=37296682]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_37296682").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_37296682").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="37296682"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">17</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="324" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematics_of_Cryptography">Mathematics of Cryptography</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="324" type="text/json">{"id":324,"name":"Mathematics of Cryptography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematics_of_Cryptography?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1689" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Autonomous_Cognitive_Agents">Autonomous Cognitive Agents</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1689" type="text/json">{"id":1689,"name":"Autonomous Cognitive Agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Autonomous_Cognitive_Agents?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7795" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Cryptography">Applied Cryptography</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7795" type="text/json">{"id":7795,"name":"Applied Cryptography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Cryptography?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="13420" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mobile_Commerce">Mobile Commerce</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="13420" type="text/json">{"id":13420,"name":"Mobile Commerce","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mobile_Commerce?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=37296682]'), work: {"id":37296682,"title":"BIOMETRIC APPLICATION OF INTELLIGENT AGENTS IN FAKE DOCUMENT DETECTION OF JOB APPLICANTS","created_at":"2018-08-27T01:42:48.018-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/37296682/BIOMETRIC_APPLICATION_OF_INTELLIGENT_AGENTS_IN_FAKE_DOCUMENT_DETECTION_OF_JOB_APPLICANTS?f_ri=13748","dom_id":"work_37296682","summary":"The Job selection process in today's globally competitive economy can be a daunting task for prospective employees no matter their experience level. Although many years of research has been devoted to job search and application resulting in good integration with information technology including the internet and intelligent agent-based architectures, there are still many areas that need to be enhanced. Two such areas include the quality of jobs associated with applicants in the job search by profiling the needs of employers against the needs of prospective employees and the security and verifications schemes integrated to reduce the instances of fraud and identity theft. The integration of mobile, intelligent agent, and cryptography technologies provide benefits such as improved accessibility wirelessly, intelligent dynamic profiling, and increased security. With this in mind we propose the intelligent mobile agents instead of human agents to perform the Job search using fuzzy preferences which is been published elsewhere and application operations incorporating the use of agents with a trust authority to establish employer trust and validate applicant identity and accuracy. Our proposed system incorporates design methodologies to use JADE-LEAP and Android to provide a robust, secure, user friendly solution.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":57252367,"asset_id":37296682,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":21343660,"first_name":"International Journal of Computer Science, Engineering and Information Technology","last_name":"(IJCSEIT)","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"IjcseitJournal","display_name":"International Journal of Computer Science, Engineering and Information Technology (IJCSEIT)","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/IjcseitJournal?f_ri=13748","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/21343660/5954549/114311412/s65_international_journal_of_computer_science_engineering_and_information_technology._ijcseit_.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":324,"name":"Mathematics of Cryptography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematics_of_Cryptography?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true},{"id":1689,"name":"Autonomous Cognitive Agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Autonomous_Cognitive_Agents?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true},{"id":7795,"name":"Applied Cryptography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Cryptography?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true},{"id":13420,"name":"Mobile Commerce","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mobile_Commerce?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true},{"id":13748,"name":"Contrast Agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contrast_Agents?f_ri=13748"},{"id":16542,"name":"Cryptography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cryptography?f_ri=13748"},{"id":16585,"name":"Quantum Cryptography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quantum_Cryptography?f_ri=13748"},{"id":16932,"name":"Chaotic cryptography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chaotic_cryptography?f_ri=13748"},{"id":50895,"name":"Software Agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Software_Agents?f_ri=13748"},{"id":94249,"name":"Development on Android platform","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development_on_Android_platform?f_ri=13748"},{"id":115059,"name":"M-Commerce","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/M-Commerce?f_ri=13748"},{"id":168121,"name":"Android Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Android_Development?f_ri=13748"},{"id":192283,"name":"Adoption of mobile commerce","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adoption_of_mobile_commerce?f_ri=13748"},{"id":549546,"name":"Android Programming","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Android_Programming?f_ri=13748"},{"id":584014,"name":"Commerce and Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Commerce_and_Management-1?f_ri=13748"},{"id":1034168,"name":"The Coming Age of Androids","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Coming_Age_of_Androids?f_ri=13748"},{"id":1212103,"name":"Antineoplastic Agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antineoplastic_Agents?f_ri=13748"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_15735934" data-work_id="15735934" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/15735934/A_new_ex_vivo_method_to_evaluate_the_performance_of_candidate_MRI_contrast_agents_a_proof_of_concept_study">A new ex vivo method to evaluate the performance of candidate MRI contrast agents: a proof-of-concept study</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Background: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays an important role in tumor detection/diagnosis. The use of exogenous contrast agents (CAs) helps to improve the discrimination between lesion and neighbouring tissue, but most of the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_15735934" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Background: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays an important role in tumor detection/diagnosis. The use of exogenous contrast agents (CAs) helps to improve the discrimination between lesion and neighbouring tissue, but most of the currently available CAs are non-specific. Assessing the performance of new, selective CAs requires exhaustive assays and large amounts of material. Accordingly, in a preliminary screening of new CAs, it is important to choose candidate compounds with good potential for in vivo efficiency. This screening method should reproduce as close as possible the in vivo environment. In this sense, a fast and reliable method to select the best candidate CAs for in vivo studies would minimize time and investment cost, and would benefit the development of better CAs.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/15735934" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="012bc9ee508c7417847ed8f9b1aa6b70" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":42920180,"asset_id":15735934,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42920180/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwNjc4NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="194634" href="https://hsjdbcn.academia.edu/RuiVascoSim%C3%B5es">Rui Vasco Simões</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="194634" type="text/json">{"id":194634,"first_name":"Rui Vasco","last_name":"Simões","domain_name":"hsjdbcn","page_name":"RuiVascoSimões","display_name":"Rui Vasco Simões","profile_url":"https://hsjdbcn.academia.edu/RuiVascoSim%C3%B5es?f_ri=13748","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/194634/90734/98709/s65_rui.simoes.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_15735934 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="15735934"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 15735934, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_15735934", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_15735934 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 15735934; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_15735934"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_15735934 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="15735934"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 15735934; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=15735934]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_15735934").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_15735934").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="15735934"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="923" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Technology">Technology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="923" type="text/json">{"id":923,"name":"Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Technology?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6200" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging">Magnetic Resonance Imaging</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6200" type="text/json">{"id":6200,"name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7835" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nanobiotechnology">Nanobiotechnology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7835" type="text/json">{"id":7835,"name":"Nanobiotechnology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nanobiotechnology?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="13621" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nanoparticles">Nanoparticles</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="13621" type="text/json">{"id":13621,"name":"Nanoparticles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nanoparticles?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=15735934]'), work: {"id":15735934,"title":"A new ex vivo method to evaluate the performance of candidate MRI contrast agents: a proof-of-concept study","created_at":"2015-09-15T13:23:44.474-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/15735934/A_new_ex_vivo_method_to_evaluate_the_performance_of_candidate_MRI_contrast_agents_a_proof_of_concept_study?f_ri=13748","dom_id":"work_15735934","summary":"Background: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays an important role in tumor detection/diagnosis. The use of exogenous contrast agents (CAs) helps to improve the discrimination between lesion and neighbouring tissue, but most of the currently available CAs are non-specific. Assessing the performance of new, selective CAs requires exhaustive assays and large amounts of material. Accordingly, in a preliminary screening of new CAs, it is important to choose candidate compounds with good potential for in vivo efficiency. This screening method should reproduce as close as possible the in vivo environment. In this sense, a fast and reliable method to select the best candidate CAs for in vivo studies would minimize time and investment cost, and would benefit the development of better CAs.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":42920180,"asset_id":15735934,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":194634,"first_name":"Rui Vasco","last_name":"Simões","domain_name":"hsjdbcn","page_name":"RuiVascoSimões","display_name":"Rui Vasco Simões","profile_url":"https://hsjdbcn.academia.edu/RuiVascoSim%C3%B5es?f_ri=13748","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/194634/90734/98709/s65_rui.simoes.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":923,"name":"Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Technology?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true},{"id":6200,"name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true},{"id":7835,"name":"Nanobiotechnology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nanobiotechnology?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true},{"id":13621,"name":"Nanoparticles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nanoparticles?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true},{"id":13748,"name":"Contrast Agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contrast_Agents?f_ri=13748"},{"id":76383,"name":"Glioma","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Glioma?f_ri=13748"},{"id":76736,"name":"Gold","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gold?f_ri=13748"},{"id":84760,"name":"Mice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mice?f_ri=13748"},{"id":158597,"name":"Iron","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iron?f_ri=13748"},{"id":386290,"name":"Gadolinium","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gadolinium?f_ri=13748"},{"id":1407305,"name":"Contrast Media","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contrast_Media?f_ri=13748"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1862974" data-work_id="1862974" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1862974/A_new_class_of_bioactivable_self_immolative_N_O_ligands">A new class of bioactivable self-immolative N,O-ligands</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">A hexadentate ligand built on an amine-bis(phenol) skeleton with an aminal, self-immolative moiety is presented. Synthesis of the ligand is convenient and relatively high yielded. Moreover, it enables synthesis of many derivatives, both... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_1862974" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">A hexadentate ligand built on an amine-bis(phenol) skeleton with an aminal, self-immolative moiety is presented. Synthesis of the ligand is convenient and relatively high yielded. Moreover, it enables synthesis of many derivatives, both in the amino-phenol and aminal fragment (various heterocycles). Once the final hexadentate ligand is synthesized via the Katritzky reaction, it becomes prone to hydrolysis. Bioactivation by beta-galactosidase cleaves the glycosylic bond and a spontaneous collapse of the aminal fragment occurs, thus leading to a pentadentate chelate. This bioactivation has been shown for pyrazole, 1,2,4 triazole and benzotriazole derivatives.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1862974" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b456b6d6925ee837040e8c2b79174c03" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":26191317,"asset_id":1862974,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/26191317/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwNjc4NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1101951" href="https://polsl.academia.edu/NikodemKu%C5%BAnik">Nikodem Kuźnik</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1101951" type="text/json">{"id":1101951,"first_name":"Nikodem","last_name":"Kuźnik","domain_name":"polsl","page_name":"NikodemKuźnik","display_name":"Nikodem Kuźnik","profile_url":"https://polsl.academia.edu/NikodemKu%C5%BAnik?f_ri=13748","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1101951/174563986/164592318/s65_nikodem.ku_nik.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1862974 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1862974"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1862974, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_1862974", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_1862974 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1862974; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_1862974"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_1862974 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="1862974"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1862974; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1862974]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_1862974").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_1862974").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="1862974"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="531" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organic_Chemistry">Organic Chemistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="531" type="text/json">{"id":531,"name":"Organic Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organic_Chemistry?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2375" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_Chemistry">Medicinal Chemistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2375" type="text/json">{"id":2375,"name":"Medicinal Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_Chemistry?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="13748" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contrast_Agents">Contrast Agents</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="13748" type="text/json">{"id":13748,"name":"Contrast Agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contrast_Agents?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="220042" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/synthesis_of_MRI_contrast_agents">synthesis of MRI contrast agents</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="220042" type="text/json">{"id":220042,"name":"synthesis of MRI contrast agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/synthesis_of_MRI_contrast_agents?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=1862974]'), work: {"id":1862974,"title":"A new class of bioactivable self-immolative N,O-ligands","created_at":"2012-08-16T07:04:05.464-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/1862974/A_new_class_of_bioactivable_self_immolative_N_O_ligands?f_ri=13748","dom_id":"work_1862974","summary":"A hexadentate ligand built on an amine-bis(phenol) skeleton with an aminal, self-immolative moiety is presented. Synthesis of the ligand is convenient and relatively high yielded. Moreover, it enables synthesis of many derivatives, both in the amino-phenol and aminal fragment (various heterocycles). Once the final hexadentate ligand is synthesized via the Katritzky reaction, it becomes prone to hydrolysis. Bioactivation by beta-galactosidase cleaves the glycosylic bond and a spontaneous collapse of the aminal fragment occurs, thus leading to a pentadentate chelate. This bioactivation has been shown for pyrazole, 1,2,4 triazole and benzotriazole derivatives.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":26191317,"asset_id":1862974,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1101951,"first_name":"Nikodem","last_name":"Kuźnik","domain_name":"polsl","page_name":"NikodemKuźnik","display_name":"Nikodem Kuźnik","profile_url":"https://polsl.academia.edu/NikodemKu%C5%BAnik?f_ri=13748","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1101951/174563986/164592318/s65_nikodem.ku_nik.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":531,"name":"Organic Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organic_Chemistry?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true},{"id":2375,"name":"Medicinal Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_Chemistry?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true},{"id":13748,"name":"Contrast Agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contrast_Agents?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true},{"id":220042,"name":"synthesis of MRI contrast agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/synthesis_of_MRI_contrast_agents?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_48784479" data-work_id="48784479" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/48784479/Structure_morphology_and_absorption_characteristics_of_gold_nanoparticles_produced_via_PLAL_method_Role_of_low_energy_X_ray_dosage">Structure, morphology and absorption characteristics of gold nanoparticles produced via PLAL method: Role of low energy X-ray dosage</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This paper reports the effects of low energy X-ray irradiation doses on the structures, morphologies and absorbance of some colloidal gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) produced in distilled water via the one-step pulse laser ablation in liquid... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_48784479" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper reports the effects of low energy X-ray irradiation doses on the structures, morphologies and absorbance of some colloidal gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) produced in distilled water via the one-step pulse laser ablation in liquid (PLAL) method. An Nd:YAG pulse laser (wavelength of 1064 nm and fluence ranges of 0.076–7.692 J/cm2) was used to ablate the gold plate surface (acted as a target) immersed in distilled water (10 mL). The laser pulse duration was adjusted to 2.5 min (1000 pulses), 5 min (2000 pulses). Simultaneously, the colloidal suspension was irradiated with low energy X-ray. The obtained samples were characterized thoroughly using different analytical instruments. High quality, pure, surfactant-free AuNPs with well-defined morphology and broad size distribution were achieved. The recorded values of the Zeta potential of the as-synthesized AuNPs were increased from -33.1 to -41.2 mV which was mainly due to the low energy X-ray dose-mediated photo- and Auger-electrons generation plus the fragmentation of the bigger NPs into highly stable tinier species inside the colloidal suspension. The observed blue-shift in the absorbance peaks of the NPs centered at 523, 529, and 526 nm irradiated with the corresponding fluences of 0.076, 3.846, and 7.692 J/cm2 was ascribed to the quantum size effects. It is established that the synergy between laser ablation and low energy X-ray does may be effective to prepare the contaminants-free AuNPs in the liquid suspension in a simple rapid and cost-effective way.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/48784479" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1e3f27e11adf744a85772b8001af813e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":67221866,"asset_id":48784479,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67221866/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwNjc4NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="60814883" href="https://squ.academia.edu/PegahMoradiKhaniabadi">Pegah Moradi Khaniabadi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="60814883" type="text/json">{"id":60814883,"first_name":"Pegah","last_name":"Moradi Khaniabadi","domain_name":"squ","page_name":"PegahMoradiKhaniabadi","display_name":"Pegah Moradi Khaniabadi","profile_url":"https://squ.academia.edu/PegahMoradiKhaniabadi?f_ri=13748","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_48784479 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="48784479"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 48784479, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_48784479", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=48784479]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_48784479").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_48784479").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="48784479"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11972" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nanomedicine">Nanomedicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11972" type="text/json">{"id":11972,"name":"Nanomedicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nanomedicine?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="13748" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contrast_Agents">Contrast Agents</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="13748" type="text/json">{"id":13748,"name":"Contrast Agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contrast_Agents?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="88640" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gold_Nanoparticles">Gold Nanoparticles</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="88640" type="text/json">{"id":88640,"name":"Gold Nanoparticles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gold_Nanoparticles?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="209591" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ct_Scan">Ct Scan</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="209591" type="text/json">{"id":209591,"name":"Ct Scan","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ct_Scan?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=48784479]'), work: {"id":48784479,"title":"Structure, morphology and absorption characteristics of gold nanoparticles produced via PLAL method: Role of low energy X-ray dosage","created_at":"2021-05-05T23:55:42.853-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/48784479/Structure_morphology_and_absorption_characteristics_of_gold_nanoparticles_produced_via_PLAL_method_Role_of_low_energy_X_ray_dosage?f_ri=13748","dom_id":"work_48784479","summary":"This paper reports the effects of low energy X-ray irradiation doses on the structures, morphologies and absorbance of some colloidal gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) produced in distilled water via the one-step pulse laser ablation in liquid (PLAL) method. An Nd:YAG pulse laser (wavelength of 1064 nm and fluence ranges of 0.076–7.692 J/cm2) was used to ablate the gold plate surface (acted as a target) immersed in distilled water (10 mL). The laser pulse duration was adjusted to 2.5 min (1000 pulses), 5 min (2000 pulses). Simultaneously, the colloidal suspension was irradiated with low energy X-ray. The obtained samples were characterized thoroughly using different analytical instruments. High quality, pure, surfactant-free AuNPs with well-defined morphology and broad size distribution were achieved. The recorded values of the Zeta potential of the as-synthesized AuNPs were increased from -33.1 to -41.2 mV which was mainly due to the low energy X-ray dose-mediated photo- and Auger-electrons generation plus the fragmentation of the bigger NPs into highly stable tinier species inside the colloidal suspension. The observed blue-shift in the absorbance peaks of the NPs centered at 523, 529, and 526 nm irradiated with the corresponding fluences of 0.076, 3.846, and 7.692 J/cm2 was ascribed to the quantum size effects. It is established that the synergy between laser ablation and low energy X-ray does may be effective to prepare the contaminants-free AuNPs in the liquid suspension in a simple rapid and cost-effective way.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":67221866,"asset_id":48784479,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":60814883,"first_name":"Pegah","last_name":"Moradi Khaniabadi","domain_name":"squ","page_name":"PegahMoradiKhaniabadi","display_name":"Pegah Moradi Khaniabadi","profile_url":"https://squ.academia.edu/PegahMoradiKhaniabadi?f_ri=13748","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":11972,"name":"Nanomedicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nanomedicine?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true},{"id":13748,"name":"Contrast Agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contrast_Agents?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true},{"id":88640,"name":"Gold Nanoparticles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gold_Nanoparticles?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true},{"id":209591,"name":"Ct Scan","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ct_Scan?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_10633448" data-work_id="10633448" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/10633448/Strategies_for_Target_Specific_Contrast_Agents_for_Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging">Strategies for Target-Specific Contrast Agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This review describes recent research efforts focused on increasing the specificity of contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Contrast agents play an indispensable role in MRI by enhancing the inherent contrast of images;... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_10633448" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This review describes recent research efforts focused on increasing the specificity of contrast agents for magnetic<br />resonance imaging (MRI). Contrast agents play an indispensable role in MRI by enhancing the inherent contrast of<br />images; however, the non-specific nature of current clinical contrast agents limits their usefulness. This limitation<br />can be addressed by conjugating contrast agents or contrast-agent-loaded carriers—including polymers,<br />nanoparticles, dendrimers, and liposomes—to molecules that bind to biological sites of interest. An alternative<br />approach to conjugation is synthetically mimicking biological structures with metal complexes that are also contrast<br />agents. In this review, we describe the advantages and limitations of these two targeting strategies with respect to<br />translation from in vitro to in vivo imaging while focusing on advances from the last ten years.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/10633448" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e43f753d397181d764d1a7520ffde854" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":36568348,"asset_id":10633448,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36568348/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwNjc4NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="25962402" href="https://independent.academia.edu/CurrentMolecularImaging">Current Molecular Imaging</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="25962402" type="text/json">{"id":25962402,"first_name":"Current","last_name":"Molecular Imaging","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"CurrentMolecularImaging","display_name":"Current Molecular Imaging","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/CurrentMolecularImaging?f_ri=13748","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/25962402/7130463/8032113/s65_current.molecular_imaging.gif"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_10633448 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="10633448"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 10633448, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_10633448", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=10633448]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_10633448").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_10633448").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="10633448"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6200" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging">Magnetic Resonance Imaging</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6200" type="text/json">{"id":6200,"name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="13748" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contrast_Agents">Contrast Agents</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="13748" type="text/json">{"id":13748,"name":"Contrast Agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contrast_Agents?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="97765" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Functional_Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging">Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="97765" type="text/json">{"id":97765,"name":"Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Functional_Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="99875" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging_MRI_">Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="99875" type="text/json">{"id":99875,"name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging_MRI_?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=10633448]'), work: {"id":10633448,"title":"Strategies for Target-Specific Contrast Agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging","created_at":"2015-02-09T01:36:36.467-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/10633448/Strategies_for_Target_Specific_Contrast_Agents_for_Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging?f_ri=13748","dom_id":"work_10633448","summary":"This review describes recent research efforts focused on increasing the specificity of contrast agents for magnetic\nresonance imaging (MRI). Contrast agents play an indispensable role in MRI by enhancing the inherent contrast of\nimages; however, the non-specific nature of current clinical contrast agents limits their usefulness. This limitation\ncan be addressed by conjugating contrast agents or contrast-agent-loaded carriers—including polymers,\nnanoparticles, dendrimers, and liposomes—to molecules that bind to biological sites of interest. An alternative\napproach to conjugation is synthetically mimicking biological structures with metal complexes that are also contrast\nagents. In this review, we describe the advantages and limitations of these two targeting strategies with respect to\ntranslation from in vitro to in vivo imaging while focusing on advances from the last ten years.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":36568348,"asset_id":10633448,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":25962402,"first_name":"Current","last_name":"Molecular Imaging","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"CurrentMolecularImaging","display_name":"Current Molecular Imaging","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/CurrentMolecularImaging?f_ri=13748","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/25962402/7130463/8032113/s65_current.molecular_imaging.gif"}],"research_interests":[{"id":6200,"name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true},{"id":13748,"name":"Contrast Agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contrast_Agents?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true},{"id":97765,"name":"Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Functional_Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true},{"id":99875,"name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging_MRI_?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true},{"id":220042,"name":"synthesis of MRI contrast agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/synthesis_of_MRI_contrast_agents?f_ri=13748"},{"id":304972,"name":"Ultrasound Contrast Agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ultrasound_Contrast_Agents?f_ri=13748"},{"id":387006,"name":"Gadolinium Oxide","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gadolinium_Oxide?f_ri=13748"},{"id":405477,"name":"Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Superparamagnetic_Iron_Oxide?f_ri=13748"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_40047829" data-work_id="40047829" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/40047829/Effects_of_Ionic_and_Non_Ionic_Clinical_CT_Contrast_Agents_on_Swelling_Behavior_of_Sheep_Meniscus_Fibrocartilage">Effects of Ionic and Non-Ionic Clinical CT Contrast Agents on Swelling Behavior of Sheep Meniscus Fibrocartilage</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Osteoarthritis of the knee is a chronic, debilitating joint disease characterized by degenerative changes in the articular cartilage and menisci in the knee joint 1 . Although Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is the most accurate and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_40047829" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Osteoarthritis of the knee is a chronic, debilitating joint disease characterized by degenerative changes in the articular cartilage and menisci in the knee joint 1 . Although Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is the most accurate and least invasive method for assessing lesions in the knee joint, some patients (those who are claustrophobic, have pieces of metal in their bodies, or have pacemakers) are ineligible for MRI, and Computed Tomography (CT) arthrography is a common alternative 2 . Contrast agents at clinically-relevant dilutions were recently shown to induce transient swelling and deswelling of articular cartilage, but the effects on joint tissues, such as the meniscus, are not yet fully understood 3,4 . This study examined the mechanical effects of two iodinated contrast agents (non-ionic Omnipaque 350 (Iohexol) and ionic Cysto-Conray II) on sheep meniscus explants. Methods: Meniscus explants were taken from the surface of four immature sheep stifles using an 8mm biopsy punch, after which they were trimmed to 2mm thickness while keeping the surface of the samples intact. Explants were stored at -20°C in Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS) until mechanical testing. Before testing, samples were thawed to a final temperature of 25°C, trimmed to a final diameter of 6mm, and randomly assigned to one of five testing groups: 1XPBS, 0.1XPBS, 10XPBS, 100% Omnipaque (Omni), 100% Cysto-Conray II (Conray). Mechanical Testing: Samples (n=3/group) were placed in a rubber confining ring and tested on an Instron 5940 microtester using a 10N load cell and an hemispherical indenter tip (radius 1mm). Once in the rubber ring, samples were placed in a bath of 1XPBS while being pre-loaded to 0.02N. Samples were then loaded at a rate of 0.002mm/s to 15% strain followed immediately by an unloading step of the same rate and then a 15-minute recovery period. After 3 cycles in 1XPBS (previously shown to be a sufficient number of cycles for equilibration) the bath was changed to the assigned solution group, and the sample was indented for 4 more cycles to monitor the equilibrium response of the tissue (contrast agent equilibrium). The bath was then changed once more back to 1XPBS and indented for 4 cycles to monitor tissue recovery (recovery equilibrium). Analysis: The peak force from each cycle was normalized by the peak force value of the third initial cycle in 1XPBS. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post-hoc test for pairwise comparisons. Results are presented as mean±SEM.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/40047829" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4f7f256af92a05ac09b8914a561a4b8c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":60246991,"asset_id":40047829,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/60246991/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwNjc4NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="120086963" href="https://utswms.academia.edu/GabyBaylon">Gaby Baylon</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="120086963" type="text/json">{"id":120086963,"first_name":"Gaby","last_name":"Baylon","domain_name":"utswms","page_name":"GabyBaylon","display_name":"Gaby Baylon","profile_url":"https://utswms.academia.edu/GabyBaylon?f_ri=13748","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/120086963/30468576/35433730/s65_gaby.baylon.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_40047829 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="40047829"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 40047829, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_40047829", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=40047829]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_40047829").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_40047829").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="40047829"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="13748" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contrast_Agents">Contrast Agents</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="13748" type="text/json">{"id":13748,"name":"Contrast Agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contrast_Agents?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28941" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Musculoskeletal_Biomechanics">Musculoskeletal Biomechanics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="28941" type="text/json">{"id":28941,"name":"Musculoskeletal Biomechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Musculoskeletal_Biomechanics?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="964618" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iodinated_Contrast_Media">Iodinated Contrast Media</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="964618" type="text/json">{"id":964618,"name":"Iodinated Contrast Media","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iodinated_Contrast_Media?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3066011" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cartilage_Mechanics">Cartilage Mechanics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3066011" type="text/json">{"id":3066011,"name":"Cartilage Mechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cartilage_Mechanics?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=40047829]'), work: {"id":40047829,"title":"Effects of Ionic and Non-Ionic Clinical CT Contrast Agents on Swelling Behavior of Sheep Meniscus Fibrocartilage","created_at":"2019-08-09T10:29:25.729-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/40047829/Effects_of_Ionic_and_Non_Ionic_Clinical_CT_Contrast_Agents_on_Swelling_Behavior_of_Sheep_Meniscus_Fibrocartilage?f_ri=13748","dom_id":"work_40047829","summary":"Osteoarthritis of the knee is a chronic, debilitating joint disease characterized by degenerative changes in the articular cartilage and menisci in the knee joint 1 . Although Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is the most accurate and least invasive method for assessing lesions in the knee joint, some patients (those who are claustrophobic, have pieces of metal in their bodies, or have pacemakers) are ineligible for MRI, and Computed Tomography (CT) arthrography is a common alternative 2 . Contrast agents at clinically-relevant dilutions were recently shown to induce transient swelling and deswelling of articular cartilage, but the effects on joint tissues, such as the meniscus, are not yet fully understood 3,4 . This study examined the mechanical effects of two iodinated contrast agents (non-ionic Omnipaque 350 (Iohexol) and ionic Cysto-Conray II) on sheep meniscus explants. Methods: Meniscus explants were taken from the surface of four immature sheep stifles using an 8mm biopsy punch, after which they were trimmed to 2mm thickness while keeping the surface of the samples intact. Explants were stored at -20°C in Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS) until mechanical testing. Before testing, samples were thawed to a final temperature of 25°C, trimmed to a final diameter of 6mm, and randomly assigned to one of five testing groups: 1XPBS, 0.1XPBS, 10XPBS, 100% Omnipaque (Omni), 100% Cysto-Conray II (Conray). Mechanical Testing: Samples (n=3/group) were placed in a rubber confining ring and tested on an Instron 5940 microtester using a 10N load cell and an hemispherical indenter tip (radius 1mm). Once in the rubber ring, samples were placed in a bath of 1XPBS while being pre-loaded to 0.02N. Samples were then loaded at a rate of 0.002mm/s to 15% strain followed immediately by an unloading step of the same rate and then a 15-minute recovery period. After 3 cycles in 1XPBS (previously shown to be a sufficient number of cycles for equilibration) the bath was changed to the assigned solution group, and the sample was indented for 4 more cycles to monitor the equilibrium response of the tissue (contrast agent equilibrium). The bath was then changed once more back to 1XPBS and indented for 4 cycles to monitor tissue recovery (recovery equilibrium). Analysis: The peak force from each cycle was normalized by the peak force value of the third initial cycle in 1XPBS. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post-hoc test for pairwise comparisons. Results are presented as mean±SEM.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":60246991,"asset_id":40047829,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":120086963,"first_name":"Gaby","last_name":"Baylon","domain_name":"utswms","page_name":"GabyBaylon","display_name":"Gaby Baylon","profile_url":"https://utswms.academia.edu/GabyBaylon?f_ri=13748","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/120086963/30468576/35433730/s65_gaby.baylon.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":13748,"name":"Contrast Agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contrast_Agents?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true},{"id":28941,"name":"Musculoskeletal Biomechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Musculoskeletal_Biomechanics?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true},{"id":964618,"name":"Iodinated Contrast Media","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iodinated_Contrast_Media?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true},{"id":3066011,"name":"Cartilage Mechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cartilage_Mechanics?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1115616" data-work_id="1115616" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1115616/Deeper_Processing_Spreading_Elaboration_and_Integrative_Elaboration">Deeper Processing: Spreading Elaboration and Integrative Elaboration</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1115616" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2414abdbc122bd5fb0b65ed6a6ad01df" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":6869867,"asset_id":1115616,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/6869867/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwNjc4NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="107436" href="https://sungkyunkwan.academia.edu/JungMoLee">Jung-Mo Lee</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="107436" type="text/json">{"id":107436,"first_name":"Jung-Mo","last_name":"Lee","domain_name":"sungkyunkwan","page_name":"JungMoLee","display_name":"Jung-Mo Lee","profile_url":"https://sungkyunkwan.academia.edu/JungMoLee?f_ri=13748","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/107436/29462/27102/s65_jung-mo.lee.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1115616 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1115616"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1115616, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_1115616", }); 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Due to their unique physicochemical properties, carbon-based nanomaterials... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_6469693" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Recent advances in nanotechnology have enabled the synthesis and characterization of nanomaterials suitable for applications in the¯eld of biology and medicine. Due to their unique physicochemical properties, carbon-based nanomaterials such as fullerenes, metallofullerenes, carbon nanotubes and graphene have been widely investigated as multifunctional materials for applications in tissue engineering, molecular imaging, therapeutics, drug delivery and biosensing. In this review, we focus on the multifunctional capabilities of fullerenes and metallofullerenes for diagnosis and therapy. Speci¯cally, we review recent advances toward the development of fullerene-and metallofullerene-based magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and X-ray imaging contrast agents, drug and gene delivery vehicles, and photodynamic therapy agents. We also discuss in vitro and in vivo toxicity, and biocompatibility issues associated with the use of fullerenes and metallofullerenes for biomedical applications.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/6469693" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="edc635637e40bba832559ff678e32eb0" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":33257487,"asset_id":6469693,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/33257487/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwNjc4NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="10255086" href="https://independent.academia.edu/gauravlalwani">gaurav lalwani</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="10255086" type="text/json">{"id":10255086,"first_name":"gaurav","last_name":"lalwani","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"gauravlalwani","display_name":"gaurav lalwani","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/gauravlalwani?f_ri=13748","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/10255086/3304000/3888102/s65_gaurav.lalwani.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_6469693 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="6469693"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 6469693, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_6469693", }); 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Due to their unique physicochemical properties, carbon-based nanomaterials such as fullerenes, metallofullerenes, carbon nanotubes and graphene have been widely investigated as multifunctional materials for applications in tissue engineering, molecular imaging, therapeutics, drug delivery and biosensing. In this review, we focus on the multifunctional capabilities of fullerenes and metallofullerenes for diagnosis and therapy. Speci¯cally, we review recent advances toward the development of fullerene-and metallofullerene-based magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and X-ray imaging contrast agents, drug and gene delivery vehicles, and photodynamic therapy agents. We also discuss in vitro and in vivo toxicity, and biocompatibility issues associated with the use of fullerenes and metallofullerenes for biomedical applications.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":33257487,"asset_id":6469693,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":10255086,"first_name":"gaurav","last_name":"lalwani","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"gauravlalwani","display_name":"gaurav lalwani","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/gauravlalwani?f_ri=13748","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/10255086/3304000/3888102/s65_gaurav.lalwani.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":11257,"name":"Drug delivery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_delivery?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true},{"id":13748,"name":"Contrast Agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contrast_Agents?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true},{"id":17733,"name":"Nanotechnology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nanotechnology?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true},{"id":53065,"name":"Fullerene","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fullerene?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true},{"id":67405,"name":"Toxicity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Toxicity?f_ri=13748"},{"id":100657,"name":"Therapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Therapy?f_ri=13748"},{"id":103213,"name":"Nanoscience","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nanoscience?f_ri=13748"},{"id":249714,"name":"Biodistribution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biodistribution?f_ri=13748"},{"id":294949,"name":"Gene Delivery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_Delivery?f_ri=13748"},{"id":516024,"name":"Bioimaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioimaging?f_ri=13748"}]}, }) } 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href="https://www.academia.edu/67861432/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0_Mn_%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81_1_2_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BDN_N_N_N%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B8">Исследование комплекса Mn-транс-1,2-диаминоциклогексанN,N,N',N'тетраацетата (цикломанга) в качестве парамагнитного контрастного препарата для магнитно-резонансной томографии</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Preclinical evaluation of a 0.5 M solution of the manganese(II) - trans -1,2-diaminocyclohexane-N,N,N&#39;,N&#39;-tetraacetate complex (Mn-DCTA, Cyclomang) has been carried out with a view to substitution of potentially toxic... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_67861432" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Preclinical evaluation of a 0.5 M solution of the manganese(II) - trans -1,2-diaminocyclohexane-N,N,N&#39;,N&#39;-tetraacetate complex (Mn-DCTA, Cyclomang) has been carried out with a view to substitution of potentially toxic gadolinium-containing paramagnetic contrast agents for clinical MRI routines. The toxicological tests of Mn(II)-DCTA were performed on mice and rats. Liquid phantoms were used for evaluating the relaxivity of Mn(II)-DCTA in comparison to that of Gd(III)-DTPA and Mn-DTPA. The diagnostic imaging properties of Mn(II)-DCTA were quantitatively assessed on dogs with cerebral meningeomas ( n = 10). The LD 50 upon single administration in rats was above 17 ml/kg, thus slightly exceeding the corresponding values for of Gd(III)-DTPA and Mn-DTPA. The relaxivity of Mn(II)-DCTA amounted to R1 = 3.68 (mM -1 · sec -1 ) and did not differ significantly from the values known for Gd-DTPA and Mn-DTPA. Mn(II)-DCTA ensured high-intensity contrast of tumor areas in brain of dogs. 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An Evaluation of their Relaxometric and Magnetic Hyperthermia Properties","created_at":"2021-11-08T00:59:19.909-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/61281410/Water_Dispersible_Sugar_Coated_Iron_Oxide_Nanoparticles_An_Evaluation_of_their_Relaxometric_and_Magnetic_Hyperthermia_Properties?f_ri=13748","dom_id":"work_61281410","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":74361605,"asset_id":61281410,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32891927,"first_name":"Yannick","last_name":"Guari","domain_name":"univ-montpellier","page_name":"YannickGuari","display_name":"Yannick Guari","profile_url":"https://univ-montpellier.academia.edu/YannickGuari?f_ri=13748","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2215,"name":"Water","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true},{"id":8928,"name":"MRI","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/MRI?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true},{"id":13621,"name":"Nanoparticles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nanoparticles?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true},{"id":13748,"name":"Contrast Agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contrast_Agents?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true},{"id":161176,"name":"The","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The?f_ri=13748"},{"id":260118,"name":"CHEMICAL SCIENCES","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CHEMICAL_SCIENCES?f_ri=13748"},{"id":510090,"name":"Magnetism and Magnetic Materials","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetism_and_Magnetic_Materials?f_ri=13748"},{"id":609249,"name":"CARBOHYDRATES","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CARBOHYDRATES?f_ri=13748"},{"id":1257960,"name":"Ferric Compounds","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ferric_Compounds?f_ri=13748"},{"id":1371326,"name":"Magnetite Nanoparticles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetite_Nanoparticles?f_ri=13748"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_58985201" data-work_id="58985201" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/58985201/Hybrid_iron_oxide_copolymer_micelles_and_vesicles_as_contrast_agents_for_MRI_impact_of_the_nanostructure_on_the_relaxometric_properties">Hybrid iron oxide-copolymer micelles and vesicles as contrast agents for MRI: impact of the nanostructure on the relaxometric properties</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is at the forefront of non-invasive medical imaging techniques. It provides good spatial and temporal resolution that can be further improved by the use of contrast agents (CAs), providing a valuable tool... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_58985201" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is at the forefront of non-invasive medical imaging techniques. It provides good spatial and temporal resolution that can be further improved by the use of contrast agents (CAs), providing a valuable tool for diagnostic purposes. Ultrasmall SuperParamagnetic Iron oxides (USPIOs) nanoparticles are attractive MRI contrast agents due to their negative (T 2) contrast enhancement capability and biocompatibility. Clusters of USPIOs with polymer material are of particular interest since they can sustain additional functionalities like drug delivery and targeting. Aiming to establish a relation between the cluster morphology and their efficacy as MRI contrast agent (relaxometric properties), we preparedby using three different maghemite (γ-Fe 2 O 3) USPIOs' diametersa series of hybrid copolymer/iron oxide CAs presenting two different geometries (micellar or vesicular). The NMR relaxometry profiles confirmed the nature of the physical mechanisms inducing the increased nuclear relaxation rates at low (magnetic anisotropy) and high (Curie relaxation) magnetic fields. A heuristic model, first proposed by Roch, Muller, Gillis, and Brooks, allowed the fitting of the whole longitudinal relaxivity r 1 () profile, for samples with different magnetic core sizes. We show that both types of cluster exhibit transverse relaxivity (r 2) values comparable or higher than those of common contrast agents, over the whole tested frequency range. Moreover, in-depth analysis revealed substantially a linear relation between r 2 and the number of encapsulated USPIOs divided by the diameter of the clusters (N USPIO /D H), for each USPIOs size. The cluster structure (i.e. micelle or vesicle) appeared to have a mild influence on the transverse relaxivity value. Indeed, the r 2 value was mainly governed by the individual size of the USPIOs, correlated to both the cluster external diameter and the magnetic material volume fraction.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/58985201" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="619b74159f444821742e180d8c0caecb" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":73131417,"asset_id":58985201,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/73131417/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwNjc4NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="43632654" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ClaudiaInnocenti">Claudia Innocenti</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="43632654" type="text/json">{"id":43632654,"first_name":"Claudia","last_name":"Innocenti","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ClaudiaInnocenti","display_name":"Claudia Innocenti","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ClaudiaInnocenti?f_ri=13748","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_58985201 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="58985201"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 58985201, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_58985201", }); 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It provides good spatial and temporal resolution that can be further improved by the use of contrast agents (CAs), providing a valuable tool for diagnostic purposes. Ultrasmall SuperParamagnetic Iron oxides (USPIOs) nanoparticles are attractive MRI contrast agents due to their negative (T 2) contrast enhancement capability and biocompatibility. Clusters of USPIOs with polymer material are of particular interest since they can sustain additional functionalities like drug delivery and targeting. Aiming to establish a relation between the cluster morphology and their efficacy as MRI contrast agent (relaxometric properties), we preparedby using three different maghemite (γ-Fe 2 O 3) USPIOs' diametersa series of hybrid copolymer/iron oxide CAs presenting two different geometries (micellar or vesicular). The NMR relaxometry profiles confirmed the nature of the physical mechanisms inducing the increased nuclear relaxation rates at low (magnetic anisotropy) and high (Curie relaxation) magnetic fields. A heuristic model, first proposed by Roch, Muller, Gillis, and Brooks, allowed the fitting of the whole longitudinal relaxivity r 1 () profile, for samples with different magnetic core sizes. We show that both types of cluster exhibit transverse relaxivity (r 2) values comparable or higher than those of common contrast agents, over the whole tested frequency range. Moreover, in-depth analysis revealed substantially a linear relation between r 2 and the number of encapsulated USPIOs divided by the diameter of the clusters (N USPIO /D H), for each USPIOs size. The cluster structure (i.e. micelle or vesicle) appeared to have a mild influence on the transverse relaxivity value. Indeed, the r 2 value was mainly governed by the individual size of the USPIOs, correlated to both the cluster external diameter and the magnetic material volume fraction.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":73131417,"asset_id":58985201,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":43632654,"first_name":"Claudia","last_name":"Innocenti","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ClaudiaInnocenti","display_name":"Claudia Innocenti","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ClaudiaInnocenti?f_ri=13748","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true},{"id":2305,"name":"Materials Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Materials_Chemistry?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true},{"id":13621,"name":"Nanoparticles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nanoparticles?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true},{"id":13748,"name":"Contrast Agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contrast_Agents?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true},{"id":260118,"name":"CHEMICAL SCIENCES","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CHEMICAL_SCIENCES?f_ri=13748"},{"id":510090,"name":"Magnetism and Magnetic Materials","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetism_and_Magnetic_Materials?f_ri=13748"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_14721772 coauthored" data-work_id="14721772" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14721772/Hybrid_iron_oxide_copolymer_micelles_and_vesicles_as_contrast_agents_for_MRI_impact_of_the_nanostructure_on_the_relaxometric_properties">Hybrid iron oxide-copolymer micelles and vesicles as contrast agents for MRI: impact of the nanostructure on the relaxometric properties</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is at the forefront of non-invasive medical imaging techniques. It provides good spatial and temporal resolution that can be further improved by the use of contrast agents (CAs), providing a valuable tool... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_14721772" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is at the forefront of non-invasive medical imaging techniques. It provides good spatial and temporal resolution that can be further improved by the use of contrast agents (CAs), providing a valuable tool for diagnostic purposes. Ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO) nanoparticles are attractive MRI contrast agents due to their negative (T 2 ) contrast enhancement capability and biocompatibility. Clusters of USPIOs with polymer material are of particular interest since they can sustain additional functionalities like drug delivery and targeting. Aiming to establish a relationship between the morphology of the clusters and their efficacy as MRI contrast agents (relaxometric properties), we preparedusing three different maghemite (g-Fe 2 O 3 ) USPIO diametersa series of hybrid copolymer/iron oxide CAs presenting two different geometries (micellar or vesicular). The NMR relaxometry profiles confirmed the nature of the physical mechanisms inducing the increase of nuclear relaxation rates at low (magnetic anisotropy) and high (Curie relaxation) magnetic fields. A heuristic model, first proposed by Roch, Muller, Gillis, and Brooks, allowed the fitting of the whole longitudinal relaxivity r 1 (n) profile, for samples with different magnetic core sizes. We show that both types of clusters exhibit transverse relaxivity (r 2 ) values comparable to or higher than those of common contrast agents, over the whole tested frequency range. Moreover, in-depth analysis revealed substantially a linear relationship between r 2 and the number of encapsulated USPIOs divided by the diameter of the clusters (N USPIO /D H ), for each USPIO size. The cluster structure (i.e. micelle or vesicle) appeared to have a mild influence on the transverse relaxivity value. Indeed, the r 2 value was mainly governed by the individual size of the USPIOs, correlated with both the cluster external diameter and the magnetic material volume fraction.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/14721772" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="170277a97f6f61f966fcc8067574f8d7" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":43941566,"asset_id":14721772,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/43941566/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwNjc4NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33678877" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ManuelMariani">Manuel Mariani</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33678877" type="text/json">{"id":33678877,"first_name":"Manuel","last_name":"Mariani","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ManuelMariani","display_name":"Manuel Mariani","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ManuelMariani?f_ri=13748","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-14721772">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-14721772"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/FOrsini1">F. Orsini</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-14721772'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-14721772').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_14721772 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="14721772"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 14721772, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_14721772", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_14721772 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 14721772; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_14721772"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_14721772 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="14721772"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 14721772; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=14721772]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_14721772").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_14721772").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="14721772"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="48" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering">Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="48" type="text/json">{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2305" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Materials_Chemistry">Materials Chemistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2305" type="text/json">{"id":2305,"name":"Materials Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Materials_Chemistry?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="13621" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nanoparticles">Nanoparticles</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="13621" type="text/json">{"id":13621,"name":"Nanoparticles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nanoparticles?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="13748" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contrast_Agents">Contrast Agents</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="13748" type="text/json">{"id":13748,"name":"Contrast Agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contrast_Agents?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=14721772]'), work: {"id":14721772,"title":"Hybrid iron oxide-copolymer micelles and vesicles as contrast agents for MRI: impact of the nanostructure on the relaxometric properties","created_at":"2015-08-06T11:01:45.371-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/14721772/Hybrid_iron_oxide_copolymer_micelles_and_vesicles_as_contrast_agents_for_MRI_impact_of_the_nanostructure_on_the_relaxometric_properties?f_ri=13748","dom_id":"work_14721772","summary":"Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is at the forefront of non-invasive medical imaging techniques. It provides good spatial and temporal resolution that can be further improved by the use of contrast agents (CAs), providing a valuable tool for diagnostic purposes. Ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO) nanoparticles are attractive MRI contrast agents due to their negative (T 2 ) contrast enhancement capability and biocompatibility. Clusters of USPIOs with polymer material are of particular interest since they can sustain additional functionalities like drug delivery and targeting. Aiming to establish a relationship between the morphology of the clusters and their efficacy as MRI contrast agents (relaxometric properties), we preparedusing three different maghemite (g-Fe 2 O 3 ) USPIO diametersa series of hybrid copolymer/iron oxide CAs presenting two different geometries (micellar or vesicular). The NMR relaxometry profiles confirmed the nature of the physical mechanisms inducing the increase of nuclear relaxation rates at low (magnetic anisotropy) and high (Curie relaxation) magnetic fields. A heuristic model, first proposed by Roch, Muller, Gillis, and Brooks, allowed the fitting of the whole longitudinal relaxivity r 1 (n) profile, for samples with different magnetic core sizes. We show that both types of clusters exhibit transverse relaxivity (r 2 ) values comparable to or higher than those of common contrast agents, over the whole tested frequency range. Moreover, in-depth analysis revealed substantially a linear relationship between r 2 and the number of encapsulated USPIOs divided by the diameter of the clusters (N USPIO /D H ), for each USPIO size. The cluster structure (i.e. micelle or vesicle) appeared to have a mild influence on the transverse relaxivity value. Indeed, the r 2 value was mainly governed by the individual size of the USPIOs, correlated with both the cluster external diameter and the magnetic material volume fraction.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":43941566,"asset_id":14721772,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33678877,"first_name":"Manuel","last_name":"Mariani","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ManuelMariani","display_name":"Manuel Mariani","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ManuelMariani?f_ri=13748","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":33770867,"first_name":"F.","last_name":"Orsini","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"FOrsini1","display_name":"F. Orsini","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/FOrsini1?f_ri=13748","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true},{"id":2305,"name":"Materials Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Materials_Chemistry?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true},{"id":13621,"name":"Nanoparticles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nanoparticles?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true},{"id":13748,"name":"Contrast Agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contrast_Agents?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true},{"id":260118,"name":"CHEMICAL SCIENCES","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CHEMICAL_SCIENCES?f_ri=13748"},{"id":510090,"name":"Magnetism and Magnetic Materials","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetism_and_Magnetic_Materials?f_ri=13748"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_18089943" data-work_id="18089943" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/18089943/Magnetic_and_Relaxation_Properties_of_Multifunctional_Polymer_Based_Nanostructured_Bioferrofluids_as_MRI_Contrast_Agents">Magnetic and Relaxation Properties of Multifunctional Polymer-Based Nanostructured Bioferrofluids as MRI Contrast Agents</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">A series of maghemite/polymer composite ferrofluids with variable magnetic core size, which show a good efficiency as MRI contrast agents, are presented. These ferrofluids are biocompatible and can be proposed as possible platforms for... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_18089943" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">A series of maghemite/polymer composite ferrofluids with variable magnetic core size, which show a good efficiency as MRI contrast agents, are presented. These ferrofluids are biocompatible and can be proposed as possible platforms for multifunctional biomedical applications, as they contain anchoring groups for biofunctionalization, can incorporate fluorescent dyes, and have shown low cellular toxicity. The magnetic properties of the ferrofluids have been determined by means of magnetization and ac susceptibility measurements as a function of temperature and frequency. The NMR dispersion profiles show that the low frequency behavior of the longitudinal relaxivity r 1 is well described by the heuristic model of 1 H nuclear relaxation induced by superparamagnetic nanoparticles proposed by Roch and co-workers. The contrast efficiency parameter, i.e., the nuclear transverse relaxivity r 2 , for samples with d > 10 nm assumes values comparable with or better than the ones of commercial samples, the best results obtained in particles with the biggest magnetic core, d 5 15 nm. The contrast efficiency results are confirmed by in vitro MRI experiments at n 5 8.5 MHz, thus allowing us to propose a set of optimal microstructural parameters for multifunctional ferrofluids to be used in MRI medical diagnosis. Magn Reson Med 66:1715-1721,</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/18089943" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="30dceed8abecb6393fb54fbb5e91a75b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":39870072,"asset_id":18089943,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/39870072/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwNjc4NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="37929963" href="https://unimi.academia.edu/PaoloArosio">Paolo Arosio</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="37929963" type="text/json">{"id":37929963,"first_name":"Paolo","last_name":"Arosio","domain_name":"unimi","page_name":"PaoloArosio","display_name":"Paolo Arosio","profile_url":"https://unimi.academia.edu/PaoloArosio?f_ri=13748","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_18089943 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="18089943"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 18089943, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_18089943", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=18089943]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_18089943").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_18089943").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="18089943"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8928" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/MRI">MRI</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8928" type="text/json">{"id":8928,"name":"MRI","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/MRI?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="13621" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nanoparticles">Nanoparticles</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="13621" type="text/json">{"id":13621,"name":"Nanoparticles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nanoparticles?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="13748" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contrast_Agents">Contrast Agents</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="13748" type="text/json">{"id":13748,"name":"Contrast Agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contrast_Agents?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="510090" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetism_and_Magnetic_Materials">Magnetism and Magnetic Materials</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="510090" type="text/json">{"id":510090,"name":"Magnetism and Magnetic Materials","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetism_and_Magnetic_Materials?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=18089943]'), work: {"id":18089943,"title":"Magnetic and Relaxation Properties of Multifunctional Polymer-Based Nanostructured Bioferrofluids as MRI Contrast Agents","created_at":"2015-11-10T08:16:51.382-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/18089943/Magnetic_and_Relaxation_Properties_of_Multifunctional_Polymer_Based_Nanostructured_Bioferrofluids_as_MRI_Contrast_Agents?f_ri=13748","dom_id":"work_18089943","summary":"A series of maghemite/polymer composite ferrofluids with variable magnetic core size, which show a good efficiency as MRI contrast agents, are presented. These ferrofluids are biocompatible and can be proposed as possible platforms for multifunctional biomedical applications, as they contain anchoring groups for biofunctionalization, can incorporate fluorescent dyes, and have shown low cellular toxicity. The magnetic properties of the ferrofluids have been determined by means of magnetization and ac susceptibility measurements as a function of temperature and frequency. The NMR dispersion profiles show that the low frequency behavior of the longitudinal relaxivity r 1 is well described by the heuristic model of 1 H nuclear relaxation induced by superparamagnetic nanoparticles proposed by Roch and co-workers. The contrast efficiency parameter, i.e., the nuclear transverse relaxivity r 2 , for samples with d \u003e 10 nm assumes values comparable with or better than the ones of commercial samples, the best results obtained in particles with the biggest magnetic core, d 5 15 nm. The contrast efficiency results are confirmed by in vitro MRI experiments at n 5 8.5 MHz, thus allowing us to propose a set of optimal microstructural parameters for multifunctional ferrofluids to be used in MRI medical diagnosis. Magn Reson Med 66:1715-1721,","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":39870072,"asset_id":18089943,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":37929963,"first_name":"Paolo","last_name":"Arosio","domain_name":"unimi","page_name":"PaoloArosio","display_name":"Paolo Arosio","profile_url":"https://unimi.academia.edu/PaoloArosio?f_ri=13748","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":8928,"name":"MRI","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/MRI?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true},{"id":13621,"name":"Nanoparticles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nanoparticles?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true},{"id":13748,"name":"Contrast Agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contrast_Agents?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true},{"id":510090,"name":"Magnetism and Magnetic Materials","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetism_and_Magnetic_Materials?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_250698" data-work_id="250698" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/250698/Contrastive_Information_Processing_In_Discourse_Comprehension">Contrastive Information Processing In Discourse Comprehension</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/250698" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="107436" href="https://sungkyunkwan.academia.edu/JungMoLee">Jung-Mo Lee</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="107436" type="text/json">{"id":107436,"first_name":"Jung-Mo","last_name":"Lee","domain_name":"sungkyunkwan","page_name":"JungMoLee","display_name":"Jung-Mo Lee","profile_url":"https://sungkyunkwan.academia.edu/JungMoLee?f_ri=13748","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/107436/29462/27102/s65_jung-mo.lee.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_250698 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="250698"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 250698, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_250698", }); 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An Evaluation of their Relaxometric and Magnetic Hyperthermia Properties</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/58985189" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b41a18a83cb7fab05345abbe0c6917d2" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":73131444,"asset_id":58985189,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/73131444/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwNjc4NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="43632654" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ClaudiaInnocenti">Claudia Innocenti</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="43632654" type="text/json">{"id":43632654,"first_name":"Claudia","last_name":"Innocenti","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ClaudiaInnocenti","display_name":"Claudia Innocenti","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ClaudiaInnocenti?f_ri=13748","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_58985189 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="58985189"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 58985189, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_58985189", }); 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An Evaluation of their Relaxometric and Magnetic Hyperthermia Properties","created_at":"2021-10-19T01:56:27.139-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/58985189/Water_Dispersible_Sugar_Coated_Iron_Oxide_Nanoparticles_An_Evaluation_of_their_Relaxometric_and_Magnetic_Hyperthermia_Properties?f_ri=13748","dom_id":"work_58985189","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":73131444,"asset_id":58985189,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":43632654,"first_name":"Claudia","last_name":"Innocenti","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ClaudiaInnocenti","display_name":"Claudia Innocenti","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ClaudiaInnocenti?f_ri=13748","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2215,"name":"Water","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true},{"id":8928,"name":"MRI","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/MRI?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true},{"id":13621,"name":"Nanoparticles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nanoparticles?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true},{"id":13748,"name":"Contrast Agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contrast_Agents?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true},{"id":161176,"name":"The","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The?f_ri=13748"},{"id":260118,"name":"CHEMICAL SCIENCES","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CHEMICAL_SCIENCES?f_ri=13748"},{"id":510090,"name":"Magnetism and Magnetic Materials","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetism_and_Magnetic_Materials?f_ri=13748"},{"id":609249,"name":"CARBOHYDRATES","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CARBOHYDRATES?f_ri=13748"},{"id":1257960,"name":"Ferric Compounds","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ferric_Compounds?f_ri=13748"},{"id":1371326,"name":"Magnetite Nanoparticles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetite_Nanoparticles?f_ri=13748"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_51538077" data-work_id="51538077" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/51538077/Controlling_the_transverse_proton_relaxivity_of_magnetic_graphene_oxide">Controlling the transverse proton relaxivity of magnetic graphene oxide</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">the engineering of materials with controlled magnetic properties by means other than a magnetic field is of great interest in nanotechnology. In this study, we report engineered magnetic graphene oxide (MGO) in the nanocomposite form of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_51538077" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">the engineering of materials with controlled magnetic properties by means other than a magnetic field is of great interest in nanotechnology. In this study, we report engineered magnetic graphene oxide (MGO) in the nanocomposite form of iron oxide nanoparticles (IO)-graphene oxide (GO) with tunable core magnetism and magnetic resonance transverse relaxivity (r 2). These tunable properties are obtained by varying the IO content on GO. The MGO series exhibits r 2 values analogous to those observed in conventional single core and cluster forms of IO in different size regimes-motional averaging regime (MAR), static dephasing regime (SDR), and echo-limiting regime (ELR) or slow motion regime (SMR). The maximum r 2 of 162 ± 5.703 mM −1 s −1 is attained for MGO with 28 weight percent (wt%) content of IO on GO and hydrodynamic diameter of 414 nm, which is associated with the SDR. These findings demonstrate the clear potential of magnetic graphene oxide for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) applications. Magnetic materials such as superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (IO) have attracted mounting interest for a wide range of applications in nanomedicine 1-4 , magneto-mechanical actuation 5 , energy storage 6-8 , optoelectronics 9,10 , and environmental remediation 11-15 due to their biocompatibility, hydrophilicity, distinct morphology, and unique magnetic and electric properties. In medical diagnostics, the MRI applications of such materials are of paramount interest, and they are widely used as MRI negative contrast agents (CAs) 16,17 due to their hallmark characteristics of spin-spin or transverse relaxation enhancement. In pursuit of high-performance MRI CAs, the surface modification of IO is mostly executed in the form of core-shell 18,19 and Janus structure 20 using polymer stabilizers along with their controlled shape and size. In addition, with the advances in the research of graphene-based materials, GO has been utilized for surface modification of IO owing to its oxygenated functionalities, i.e., epoxide, hydroxyl, carbonyl, and carboxyl moieties 21,22 and biocompatibility 23,24. These functionalities can serve as the conjugation sites for IO to form GO-based nanocomposites, and in particular, magnetic graphene oxide (MGO). Recently, IO/GO-based nanocomposites have been proposed as T 1 25 and T 2 CAs 4,26,27 for MRI. However, no systematic studies on the tunable magnetic behavior and magnetic resonance (MR) relaxivity of such materials have been reported, and its corresponding size regime correlation remains unsettled. Some groups have recently explored the tunability of magnetic resonance transverse relaxivity (r 2) in single core or cluster forms of IO in the PEGylated core-shell nanostructures. The distinct r 2 values of IO with size range ~5-14 nm were reported via optimization of the coating thickness using PEG with molecular weights of 550, 750, 1000, 2000 and 5000 Da 28. Similarly, the PEGylated raspberry-like nanoclusters of superparamagnetic IO nanocrystals with a diameter range of 30 to 200 nm were reported with distinct r 2 values associated with three size</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/51538077" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6665fcd5b34c77851d00f6c3728bc39c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":69220985,"asset_id":51538077,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/69220985/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwNjc4NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1693440" href="https://illinois.academia.edu/KiranDasari">Kiran Dasari</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1693440" type="text/json">{"id":1693440,"first_name":"Kiran","last_name":"Dasari","domain_name":"illinois","page_name":"KiranDasari","display_name":"Kiran Dasari","profile_url":"https://illinois.academia.edu/KiranDasari?f_ri=13748","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1693440/585320/3191167/s65_kiran.dasari.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_51538077 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="51538077"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 51538077, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_51538077", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=51538077]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_51538077").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_51538077").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="51538077"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8928" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/MRI">MRI</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8928" type="text/json">{"id":8928,"name":"MRI","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/MRI?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="13748" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contrast_Agents">Contrast Agents</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="13748" type="text/json">{"id":13748,"name":"Contrast Agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contrast_Agents?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="183269" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Graphene_Oxide">Graphene Oxide</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="183269" type="text/json">{"id":183269,"name":"Graphene Oxide","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Graphene_Oxide?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=51538077]'), work: {"id":51538077,"title":"Controlling the transverse proton relaxivity of magnetic graphene oxide","created_at":"2021-09-08T18:28:41.185-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/51538077/Controlling_the_transverse_proton_relaxivity_of_magnetic_graphene_oxide?f_ri=13748","dom_id":"work_51538077","summary":"the engineering of materials with controlled magnetic properties by means other than a magnetic field is of great interest in nanotechnology. In this study, we report engineered magnetic graphene oxide (MGO) in the nanocomposite form of iron oxide nanoparticles (IO)-graphene oxide (GO) with tunable core magnetism and magnetic resonance transverse relaxivity (r 2). These tunable properties are obtained by varying the IO content on GO. The MGO series exhibits r 2 values analogous to those observed in conventional single core and cluster forms of IO in different size regimes-motional averaging regime (MAR), static dephasing regime (SDR), and echo-limiting regime (ELR) or slow motion regime (SMR). The maximum r 2 of 162 ± 5.703 mM −1 s −1 is attained for MGO with 28 weight percent (wt%) content of IO on GO and hydrodynamic diameter of 414 nm, which is associated with the SDR. These findings demonstrate the clear potential of magnetic graphene oxide for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) applications. Magnetic materials such as superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (IO) have attracted mounting interest for a wide range of applications in nanomedicine 1-4 , magneto-mechanical actuation 5 , energy storage 6-8 , optoelectronics 9,10 , and environmental remediation 11-15 due to their biocompatibility, hydrophilicity, distinct morphology, and unique magnetic and electric properties. In medical diagnostics, the MRI applications of such materials are of paramount interest, and they are widely used as MRI negative contrast agents (CAs) 16,17 due to their hallmark characteristics of spin-spin or transverse relaxation enhancement. In pursuit of high-performance MRI CAs, the surface modification of IO is mostly executed in the form of core-shell 18,19 and Janus structure 20 using polymer stabilizers along with their controlled shape and size. In addition, with the advances in the research of graphene-based materials, GO has been utilized for surface modification of IO owing to its oxygenated functionalities, i.e., epoxide, hydroxyl, carbonyl, and carboxyl moieties 21,22 and biocompatibility 23,24. These functionalities can serve as the conjugation sites for IO to form GO-based nanocomposites, and in particular, magnetic graphene oxide (MGO). Recently, IO/GO-based nanocomposites have been proposed as T 1 25 and T 2 CAs 4,26,27 for MRI. However, no systematic studies on the tunable magnetic behavior and magnetic resonance (MR) relaxivity of such materials have been reported, and its corresponding size regime correlation remains unsettled. Some groups have recently explored the tunability of magnetic resonance transverse relaxivity (r 2) in single core or cluster forms of IO in the PEGylated core-shell nanostructures. The distinct r 2 values of IO with size range ~5-14 nm were reported via optimization of the coating thickness using PEG with molecular weights of 550, 750, 1000, 2000 and 5000 Da 28. Similarly, the PEGylated raspberry-like nanoclusters of superparamagnetic IO nanocrystals with a diameter range of 30 to 200 nm were reported with distinct r 2 values associated with three size","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":69220985,"asset_id":51538077,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1693440,"first_name":"Kiran","last_name":"Dasari","domain_name":"illinois","page_name":"KiranDasari","display_name":"Kiran Dasari","profile_url":"https://illinois.academia.edu/KiranDasari?f_ri=13748","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1693440/585320/3191167/s65_kiran.dasari.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":8928,"name":"MRI","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/MRI?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true},{"id":13748,"name":"Contrast Agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contrast_Agents?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true},{"id":183269,"name":"Graphene Oxide","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Graphene_Oxide?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_31120749" data-work_id="31120749" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/31120749/Towards_Dynamic_Contrast_Specific_Ultrasound_Tomography_Nature_Scientific_Reports">Towards Dynamic Contrast Specific Ultrasound Tomography - Nature, Scientific Reports</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">We report on the first study demonstrating the ability of a recently-developed, contrast-enhanced, ultrasound imaging method, referred to as cumulative phase delay imaging (CPDI), to image and quantify ultrasound contrast agent (UCA)... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_31120749" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">We report on the first study demonstrating the ability of a recently-developed, contrast-enhanced, ultrasound imaging method, referred to as cumulative phase delay imaging (CPDI), to image and quantify ultrasound contrast agent (UCA) kinetics. Unlike standard ultrasound tomography, which exploits changes in speed of sound and attenuation, CPDI is based on a marker specific to UCAs, thus enabling dynamic contrast-specific ultrasound tomography (DCS-UST). For breast imaging, DCS-UST will lead to a more practical, faster, and less operator-dependent imaging procedure compared to standard echo-contrast, while preserving accurate imaging of contrast kinetics. Moreover, a linear relation between CPD values and ultrasound second-harmonic intensity was measured (coefficient of determination = 0.87). DCS-UST can find clinical applications as a diagnostic method for breast cancer localization, adding important features to multi-parametric ultrasound tomography of the breast. Nowadays, there is growing interest in the development of imaging techniques which are capable of detecting and localizing angiogenesis and neovascularization. These processes induce specific changes in the microvas-cular structure, represent an established marker for tumours, and also provide indications of tumour aggressiveness 1. In particular, dynamic contrast-enhanced ultrasound (DCE-US) imaging shows promise, with many novel approaches focusing on the direct and/or indirect characterization of the microvasculature. However, when considering the various imaging options, several challenges emerge for imaging the breast. Typical ultrasound contrast agents (UCAs) are gas-filled microbubbles with diameters ranging between 1 and 10 μ m; they are therefore suitable for intravenous injection and can flow through the smallest microvessels. This phenomenon is exploited by super-localization ultrasound techniques which overcome the diffraction limit and are capable of imaging the microvasculature with a spatial-resolution as small as 8–12 μ m 2,3. Additionally, these techniques provide access to accurate velocity maps, thus offering a powerful tool for the study of microvascu-lar blood flow. However, the relatively long imaging time needed (e.g., > 2 minutes per plane 2), the influence of motion, and the difficulties in imaging and localizing single microbubbles in deep tissue, pose limitations to the use of these modalities in large organs. Another recently-developed imaging method is acoustic angiography 4. With this technique, high spatial-resolution images (in the order of 100 μ m) are obtained using tenfold higher frequencies than with normal DCE-US echo-imaging. Once again, the key lies in the UCAs peculiar response to ultrasound. Because of their highly nonlinear behaviour, UCAs can backscatter high-frequency broadband echo signals (15–35 MHz), which can be used to achieve improved spatial-resolution 5. However, frequency-dependent attenuation practically constrains the applicability of this technique to relatively small depths, such as those required for imaging the peripheral zone of the prostate (1–2 cm). Other techniques chose a different path rather than targeting high spatial-resolution. Standard DCE-US imaging (i.e., Harmonic Imaging, Pulse Inversion, and Amplitude Modulation) is an echo graphic technique, which in essence exploits variations in the second harmonic amplitude to generate real-time images of UCA kinetics when flowing through the vasculature 6,7. In particular, the analysis of microbubble flow-dynamics through the vessels can be used to reveal changes in the vasculature itself. To this end, several techniques which are based on the quantification of parameters related to UCA perfusion and dispersion have been proposed 8–12. Although the typical DCE-US spatial resolution is in the order of 1 mm, hence unsuitable for imaging microvascular changes, these techniques are still able to infer relevant information in relation to the 'angiogenetic switch' (the transition from a pre-vascular to a vascularized tumour phenotype) required for cancer to grow beyond 1–2 mm in diameter 13,14 .</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/31120749" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f5a20f3e5b2f3bca684e39efa0e0dc8a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":51556306,"asset_id":31120749,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51556306/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwNjc4NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="38766174" href="https://imec.academia.edu/LibertarioDemi">Libertario Demi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="38766174" type="text/json">{"id":38766174,"first_name":"Libertario","last_name":"Demi","domain_name":"imec","page_name":"LibertarioDemi","display_name":"Libertario Demi","profile_url":"https://imec.academia.edu/LibertarioDemi?f_ri=13748","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/38766174/15522545/16128789/s65_libertario.demi.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_31120749 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="31120749"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 31120749, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_31120749", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_31120749 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31120749; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_31120749"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_31120749 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="31120749"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31120749; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=31120749]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_31120749").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_31120749").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="31120749"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6802" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Breast_Cancer">Breast Cancer</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6802" type="text/json">{"id":6802,"name":"Breast Cancer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Breast_Cancer?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="13748" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contrast_Agents">Contrast Agents</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="13748" type="text/json">{"id":13748,"name":"Contrast Agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contrast_Agents?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1649814" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ultrasound_Tomography">Ultrasound Tomography</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1649814" type="text/json">{"id":1649814,"name":"Ultrasound Tomography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ultrasound_Tomography?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=31120749]'), work: {"id":31120749,"title":"Towards Dynamic Contrast Specific Ultrasound Tomography - Nature, Scientific Reports","created_at":"2017-01-30T08:10:45.903-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/31120749/Towards_Dynamic_Contrast_Specific_Ultrasound_Tomography_Nature_Scientific_Reports?f_ri=13748","dom_id":"work_31120749","summary":"We report on the first study demonstrating the ability of a recently-developed, contrast-enhanced, ultrasound imaging method, referred to as cumulative phase delay imaging (CPDI), to image and quantify ultrasound contrast agent (UCA) kinetics. Unlike standard ultrasound tomography, which exploits changes in speed of sound and attenuation, CPDI is based on a marker specific to UCAs, thus enabling dynamic contrast-specific ultrasound tomography (DCS-UST). For breast imaging, DCS-UST will lead to a more practical, faster, and less operator-dependent imaging procedure compared to standard echo-contrast, while preserving accurate imaging of contrast kinetics. Moreover, a linear relation between CPD values and ultrasound second-harmonic intensity was measured (coefficient of determination = 0.87). DCS-UST can find clinical applications as a diagnostic method for breast cancer localization, adding important features to multi-parametric ultrasound tomography of the breast. Nowadays, there is growing interest in the development of imaging techniques which are capable of detecting and localizing angiogenesis and neovascularization. These processes induce specific changes in the microvas-cular structure, represent an established marker for tumours, and also provide indications of tumour aggressiveness 1. In particular, dynamic contrast-enhanced ultrasound (DCE-US) imaging shows promise, with many novel approaches focusing on the direct and/or indirect characterization of the microvasculature. However, when considering the various imaging options, several challenges emerge for imaging the breast. Typical ultrasound contrast agents (UCAs) are gas-filled microbubbles with diameters ranging between 1 and 10 μ m; they are therefore suitable for intravenous injection and can flow through the smallest microvessels. This phenomenon is exploited by super-localization ultrasound techniques which overcome the diffraction limit and are capable of imaging the microvasculature with a spatial-resolution as small as 8–12 μ m 2,3. Additionally, these techniques provide access to accurate velocity maps, thus offering a powerful tool for the study of microvascu-lar blood flow. However, the relatively long imaging time needed (e.g., \u003e 2 minutes per plane 2), the influence of motion, and the difficulties in imaging and localizing single microbubbles in deep tissue, pose limitations to the use of these modalities in large organs. Another recently-developed imaging method is acoustic angiography 4. With this technique, high spatial-resolution images (in the order of 100 μ m) are obtained using tenfold higher frequencies than with normal DCE-US echo-imaging. Once again, the key lies in the UCAs peculiar response to ultrasound. Because of their highly nonlinear behaviour, UCAs can backscatter high-frequency broadband echo signals (15–35 MHz), which can be used to achieve improved spatial-resolution 5. However, frequency-dependent attenuation practically constrains the applicability of this technique to relatively small depths, such as those required for imaging the peripheral zone of the prostate (1–2 cm). Other techniques chose a different path rather than targeting high spatial-resolution. Standard DCE-US imaging (i.e., Harmonic Imaging, Pulse Inversion, and Amplitude Modulation) is an echo graphic technique, which in essence exploits variations in the second harmonic amplitude to generate real-time images of UCA kinetics when flowing through the vasculature 6,7. In particular, the analysis of microbubble flow-dynamics through the vessels can be used to reveal changes in the vasculature itself. To this end, several techniques which are based on the quantification of parameters related to UCA perfusion and dispersion have been proposed 8–12. Although the typical DCE-US spatial resolution is in the order of 1 mm, hence unsuitable for imaging microvascular changes, these techniques are still able to infer relevant information in relation to the 'angiogenetic switch' (the transition from a pre-vascular to a vascularized tumour phenotype) required for cancer to grow beyond 1–2 mm in diameter 13,14 .","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":51556306,"asset_id":31120749,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":38766174,"first_name":"Libertario","last_name":"Demi","domain_name":"imec","page_name":"LibertarioDemi","display_name":"Libertario Demi","profile_url":"https://imec.academia.edu/LibertarioDemi?f_ri=13748","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/38766174/15522545/16128789/s65_libertario.demi.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":6802,"name":"Breast Cancer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Breast_Cancer?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true},{"id":13748,"name":"Contrast Agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contrast_Agents?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true},{"id":1649814,"name":"Ultrasound Tomography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ultrasound_Tomography?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_28258091" data-work_id="28258091" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/28258091/Towards_MRI_contrast_agents_of_improved_efficacy_NMR_relaxometric_investigations_of_the_binding_interaction_to_HSA_of_a_novel_heptadentate_macrocyclic_triphosphonate_Gd_III_complex">Towards MRI contrast agents of improved efficacy. NMR relaxometric investigations of the binding interaction to HSA of a novel heptadentate macrocyclic triphosphonate Gd(III)-complex</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">A novel heptacoordinating ligand consisting of a thirteen-membered tetraazamacrocycle containing the pyridine ring and bearing three methylenephosphonate groups ) has been synthesized. Its Gd(III) complex displays a remarkably high... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_28258091" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">A novel heptacoordinating ligand consisting of a thirteen-membered tetraazamacrocycle containing the pyridine ring and bearing three methylenephosphonate groups ) has been synthesized. Its Gd(III) complex displays a remarkably high longitudinal water proton relaxivity (7.7 mM P1 s P1 at 25 7C, 20 MHz and pH 7.5) which has been accounted for in terms of contributions arising from (1) one water molecule bound to the metal ion, (2) hydrogen-bonded water molecules in the second coordination sphere, or (3) water molecules diffusing near the paramagnetic chelate. Variable-temperature 17 O-NMR transverse relaxation data indicate that the residence lifetime of the metal-bound water molecule is very short (8.0 ns at 25 7C) with respect to the Gd(III) complexes currently considered as contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging. Furthermore, GdPCTP-[13] interacts with human serum albumin (HSA), likely through electrostatic forces. By comparing water proton relaxivity data for the GdPCTP-[13]-HSA adduct, measured as a function of temperature and magnetic field strength, with those for the analogous adduct with GdDOTP (a twelvemembered tetraaza macrocyclic tetramethylenephosphonate complex lacking a metal-bound water molecule), it has been possible to propose a general picture accounting for the main determinants of the relaxation enhancement observed when a paramagnetic Gd(III) complex is bound to HSA. Basically, the relaxation enhancement in these systems arises from (1) water molecules in the hydration shell of the macromolecule and protein exchangeable protons which lie close to the in-teraction site of the paramagnetic complex and (2) the metal bound water molecule(s). As far as the latter contribution is concerned, the interaction with the protein causes an elongation of the residence lifetime of the metal-bound water molecule, which limits, to some extent, the potential relaxivity enhancement expected upon the binding of the paramagnetic complex to HSA.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/28258091" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7429e03011e13d28c0f9d571ad380a5e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48580523,"asset_id":28258091,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48580523/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwNjc4NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="52963931" href="https://independent.academia.edu/Pagliarin">Roberto Pagliarin</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="52963931" type="text/json">{"id":52963931,"first_name":"Roberto","last_name":"Pagliarin","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"Pagliarin","display_name":"Roberto Pagliarin","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/Pagliarin?f_ri=13748","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_28258091 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="28258091"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 28258091, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_28258091", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_28258091 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 28258091; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_28258091"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_28258091 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="28258091"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 28258091; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=28258091]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_28258091").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_28258091").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="28258091"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="530" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Inorganic_Chemistry">Inorganic Chemistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="530" type="text/json">{"id":530,"name":"Inorganic Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Inorganic_Chemistry?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8928" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/MRI">MRI</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8928" type="text/json">{"id":8928,"name":"MRI","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/MRI?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="13748" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contrast_Agents">Contrast Agents</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="13748" type="text/json">{"id":13748,"name":"Contrast Agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contrast_Agents?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="34754" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_field">Magnetic field</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="34754" type="text/json">{"id":34754,"name":"Magnetic field","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_field?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=28258091]'), work: {"id":28258091,"title":"Towards MRI contrast agents of improved efficacy. NMR relaxometric investigations of the binding interaction to HSA of a novel heptadentate macrocyclic triphosphonate Gd(III)-complex","created_at":"2016-09-05T01:18:45.851-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/28258091/Towards_MRI_contrast_agents_of_improved_efficacy_NMR_relaxometric_investigations_of_the_binding_interaction_to_HSA_of_a_novel_heptadentate_macrocyclic_triphosphonate_Gd_III_complex?f_ri=13748","dom_id":"work_28258091","summary":"A novel heptacoordinating ligand consisting of a thirteen-membered tetraazamacrocycle containing the pyridine ring and bearing three methylenephosphonate groups ) has been synthesized. Its Gd(III) complex displays a remarkably high longitudinal water proton relaxivity (7.7 mM P1 s P1 at 25 7C, 20 MHz and pH 7.5) which has been accounted for in terms of contributions arising from (1) one water molecule bound to the metal ion, (2) hydrogen-bonded water molecules in the second coordination sphere, or (3) water molecules diffusing near the paramagnetic chelate. Variable-temperature 17 O-NMR transverse relaxation data indicate that the residence lifetime of the metal-bound water molecule is very short (8.0 ns at 25 7C) with respect to the Gd(III) complexes currently considered as contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging. Furthermore, GdPCTP-[13] interacts with human serum albumin (HSA), likely through electrostatic forces. By comparing water proton relaxivity data for the GdPCTP-[13]-HSA adduct, measured as a function of temperature and magnetic field strength, with those for the analogous adduct with GdDOTP (a twelvemembered tetraaza macrocyclic tetramethylenephosphonate complex lacking a metal-bound water molecule), it has been possible to propose a general picture accounting for the main determinants of the relaxation enhancement observed when a paramagnetic Gd(III) complex is bound to HSA. Basically, the relaxation enhancement in these systems arises from (1) water molecules in the hydration shell of the macromolecule and protein exchangeable protons which lie close to the in-teraction site of the paramagnetic complex and (2) the metal bound water molecule(s). As far as the latter contribution is concerned, the interaction with the protein causes an elongation of the residence lifetime of the metal-bound water molecule, which limits, to some extent, the potential relaxivity enhancement expected upon the binding of the paramagnetic complex to HSA.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":48580523,"asset_id":28258091,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":52963931,"first_name":"Roberto","last_name":"Pagliarin","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"Pagliarin","display_name":"Roberto Pagliarin","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/Pagliarin?f_ri=13748","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":530,"name":"Inorganic Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Inorganic_Chemistry?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true},{"id":8928,"name":"MRI","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/MRI?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true},{"id":13748,"name":"Contrast Agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contrast_Agents?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true},{"id":34754,"name":"Magnetic field","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_field?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true},{"id":39857,"name":"Molecular Imaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Imaging?f_ri=13748"},{"id":117643,"name":"Biological","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological?f_ri=13748"},{"id":228986,"name":"Exchange rate","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Exchange_rate?f_ri=13748"},{"id":240148,"name":"Hydrogen Bond","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hydrogen_Bond?f_ri=13748"},{"id":584724,"name":"Electrostatic force","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electrostatic_force?f_ri=13748"},{"id":590943,"name":"Metal ion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metal_ion?f_ri=13748"},{"id":1374287,"name":"Human Serum Albumin (HSA)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Serum_Albumin_HSA_?f_ri=13748"},{"id":1681026,"name":"Biochemistry and cell biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biochemistry_and_cell_biology?f_ri=13748"},{"id":2439414,"name":"Magnetic resonance image","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_resonance_image?f_ri=13748"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_16542030" data-work_id="16542030" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/16542030/Magnetic_optical_and_relaxometric_properties_of_organically_coated_gold_magnetite_Au_Fe_3_O_4_hybrid_nanoparticles_for_potential_use_in_biomedical_applications">Magnetic, optical and relaxometric properties of organically coated gold–magnetite (Au–Fe 3 O 4) hybrid nanoparticles for potential use in biomedical applications</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">We present the magnetic, optical and relaxometric properties of multifunctional Au-Fe 3 O 4 hybrid nanoparticles (HNPs), as possible novel contrast agents (CAs) for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The HNPs have been synthesized by wet... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_16542030" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">We present the magnetic, optical and relaxometric properties of multifunctional Au-Fe 3 O 4 hybrid nanoparticles (HNPs), as possible novel contrast agents (CAs) for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The HNPs have been synthesized by wet chemical methods in heterodimer and core-shell geometries and capped with oleylamine. Structural characterization of the samples have been made by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy, while magnetic properties have been investigated by means of Superconducting Quantum Interference Device-SQUID magnetometry experiments. As required for MRI applications using negative CAs, the samples resulted superparamagnetic at room temperature and well above their blocking temperatures. Optical properties have been investigated by analyzing the optical absorbtion spectra collected in UV-visible region. Relaxometric measurements have been performed on organic suspensions of HNPs and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) dispersion curves have been obtained by measuring the longitudinal 1/T 1 and transverse 1/T 2 relaxation rates of solvent protons in the range 10 kHz/300 MHz at room temperature. NMR relaxivities r 1 and r 2 have been compared with ENDOREM s , one of the commercial superparamagnetic iron oxide based MRI contrast agents. MRI contrast enhancement efficiencies have been investigated also by examining T 2 -weighted MR images of suspensions. The experimental results suggest that the nanoparticles' suspensions are good candidates as negative CAs.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/16542030" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="83e4330e502e2fddcb2f474ff17b21ad" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":42443020,"asset_id":16542030,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42443020/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwNjc4NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="35815576" href="https://independent.academia.edu/FPineider">Francesco Pineider</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="35815576" type="text/json">{"id":35815576,"first_name":"Francesco","last_name":"Pineider","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"FPineider","display_name":"Francesco Pineider","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/FPineider?f_ri=13748","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_16542030 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="16542030"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 16542030, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_16542030", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_16542030 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 16542030; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_16542030"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_16542030 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="16542030"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 16542030; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=16542030]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_16542030").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_16542030").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="16542030"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="60" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanical_Engineering">Mechanical Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="60" type="text/json">{"id":60,"name":"Mechanical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanical_Engineering?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="505" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Condensed_Matter_Physics">Condensed Matter Physics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="505" type="text/json">{"id":505,"name":"Condensed Matter Physics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Condensed_Matter_Physics?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8928" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/MRI">MRI</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8928" type="text/json">{"id":8928,"name":"MRI","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/MRI?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="13621" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nanoparticles">Nanoparticles</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="13621" type="text/json">{"id":13621,"name":"Nanoparticles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nanoparticles?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=16542030]'), work: {"id":16542030,"title":"Magnetic, optical and relaxometric properties of organically coated gold–magnetite (Au–Fe 3 O 4) hybrid nanoparticles for potential use in biomedical applications","created_at":"2015-10-07T07:52:15.054-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/16542030/Magnetic_optical_and_relaxometric_properties_of_organically_coated_gold_magnetite_Au_Fe_3_O_4_hybrid_nanoparticles_for_potential_use_in_biomedical_applications?f_ri=13748","dom_id":"work_16542030","summary":"We present the magnetic, optical and relaxometric properties of multifunctional Au-Fe 3 O 4 hybrid nanoparticles (HNPs), as possible novel contrast agents (CAs) for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The HNPs have been synthesized by wet chemical methods in heterodimer and core-shell geometries and capped with oleylamine. Structural characterization of the samples have been made by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy, while magnetic properties have been investigated by means of Superconducting Quantum Interference Device-SQUID magnetometry experiments. As required for MRI applications using negative CAs, the samples resulted superparamagnetic at room temperature and well above their blocking temperatures. Optical properties have been investigated by analyzing the optical absorbtion spectra collected in UV-visible region. Relaxometric measurements have been performed on organic suspensions of HNPs and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) dispersion curves have been obtained by measuring the longitudinal 1/T 1 and transverse 1/T 2 relaxation rates of solvent protons in the range 10 kHz/300 MHz at room temperature. NMR relaxivities r 1 and r 2 have been compared with ENDOREM s , one of the commercial superparamagnetic iron oxide based MRI contrast agents. MRI contrast enhancement efficiencies have been investigated also by examining T 2 -weighted MR images of suspensions. The experimental results suggest that the nanoparticles' suspensions are good candidates as negative CAs.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":42443020,"asset_id":16542030,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":35815576,"first_name":"Francesco","last_name":"Pineider","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"FPineider","display_name":"Francesco Pineider","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/FPineider?f_ri=13748","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":60,"name":"Mechanical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanical_Engineering?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true},{"id":505,"name":"Condensed Matter Physics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Condensed_Matter_Physics?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true},{"id":8928,"name":"MRI","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/MRI?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true},{"id":13621,"name":"Nanoparticles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nanoparticles?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true},{"id":13748,"name":"Contrast Agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contrast_Agents?f_ri=13748"},{"id":510090,"name":"Magnetism and Magnetic Materials","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetism_and_Magnetic_Materials?f_ri=13748"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_18090325" data-work_id="18090325" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/18090325/Hybrid_iron_oxide_copolymer_micelles_and_vesicles_as_contrast_agents_for_MRI_impact_of_the_nanostructure_on_the_relaxometric_properties">Hybrid iron oxide-copolymer micelles and vesicles as contrast agents for MRI: impact of the nanostructure on the relaxometric properties</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is at the forefront of non-invasive medical imaging techniques. It provides good spatial and temporal resolution that can be further improved by the use of contrast agents (CAs), providing a valuable tool... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_18090325" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is at the forefront of non-invasive medical imaging techniques. It provides good spatial and temporal resolution that can be further improved by the use of contrast agents (CAs), providing a valuable tool for diagnostic purposes. Ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO) nanoparticles are attractive MRI contrast agents due to their negative (T 2 ) contrast enhancement capability and biocompatibility. Clusters of USPIOs with polymer material are of particular interest since they can sustain additional functionalities like drug delivery and targeting. Aiming to establish a relationship between the morphology of the clusters and their efficacy as MRI contrast agents (relaxometric properties), we preparedusing three different maghemite (g-Fe 2 O 3 ) USPIO diametersa series of hybrid copolymer/iron oxide CAs presenting two different geometries (micellar or vesicular). The NMR relaxometry profiles confirmed the nature of the physical mechanisms inducing the increase of nuclear relaxation rates at low (magnetic anisotropy) and high (Curie relaxation) magnetic fields. A heuristic model, first proposed by Roch, Muller, Gillis, and Brooks, allowed the fitting of the whole longitudinal relaxivity r 1 (n) profile, for samples with different magnetic core sizes. We show that both types of clusters exhibit transverse relaxivity (r 2 ) values comparable to or higher than those of common contrast agents, over the whole tested frequency range. Moreover, in-depth analysis revealed substantially a linear relationship between r 2 and the number of encapsulated USPIOs divided by the diameter of the clusters (N USPIO /D H ), for each USPIO size. The cluster structure (i.e. micelle or vesicle) appeared to have a mild influence on the transverse relaxivity value. Indeed, the r 2 value was mainly governed by the individual size of the USPIOs, correlated with both the cluster external diameter and the magnetic material volume fraction.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/18090325" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="066988421bea729f6c2b3821324a2f2e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":39870246,"asset_id":18090325,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/39870246/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwNjc4NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="37929963" href="https://unimi.academia.edu/PaoloArosio">Paolo Arosio</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="37929963" type="text/json">{"id":37929963,"first_name":"Paolo","last_name":"Arosio","domain_name":"unimi","page_name":"PaoloArosio","display_name":"Paolo Arosio","profile_url":"https://unimi.academia.edu/PaoloArosio?f_ri=13748","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_18090325 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="18090325"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 18090325, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_18090325", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_18090325 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 18090325; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_18090325"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_18090325 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="18090325"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 18090325; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=18090325]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_18090325").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_18090325").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="18090325"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="13621" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nanoparticles">Nanoparticles</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="13621" type="text/json">{"id":13621,"name":"Nanoparticles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nanoparticles?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="13748" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contrast_Agents">Contrast Agents</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="13748" type="text/json">{"id":13748,"name":"Contrast Agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contrast_Agents?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="510090" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetism_and_Magnetic_Materials">Magnetism and Magnetic Materials</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="510090" type="text/json">{"id":510090,"name":"Magnetism and Magnetic Materials","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetism_and_Magnetic_Materials?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=18090325]'), work: {"id":18090325,"title":"Hybrid iron oxide-copolymer micelles and vesicles as contrast agents for MRI: impact of the nanostructure on the relaxometric properties","created_at":"2015-11-10T08:24:45.038-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/18090325/Hybrid_iron_oxide_copolymer_micelles_and_vesicles_as_contrast_agents_for_MRI_impact_of_the_nanostructure_on_the_relaxometric_properties?f_ri=13748","dom_id":"work_18090325","summary":"Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is at the forefront of non-invasive medical imaging techniques. It provides good spatial and temporal resolution that can be further improved by the use of contrast agents (CAs), providing a valuable tool for diagnostic purposes. Ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO) nanoparticles are attractive MRI contrast agents due to their negative (T 2 ) contrast enhancement capability and biocompatibility. Clusters of USPIOs with polymer material are of particular interest since they can sustain additional functionalities like drug delivery and targeting. Aiming to establish a relationship between the morphology of the clusters and their efficacy as MRI contrast agents (relaxometric properties), we preparedusing three different maghemite (g-Fe 2 O 3 ) USPIO diametersa series of hybrid copolymer/iron oxide CAs presenting two different geometries (micellar or vesicular). The NMR relaxometry profiles confirmed the nature of the physical mechanisms inducing the increase of nuclear relaxation rates at low (magnetic anisotropy) and high (Curie relaxation) magnetic fields. A heuristic model, first proposed by Roch, Muller, Gillis, and Brooks, allowed the fitting of the whole longitudinal relaxivity r 1 (n) profile, for samples with different magnetic core sizes. We show that both types of clusters exhibit transverse relaxivity (r 2 ) values comparable to or higher than those of common contrast agents, over the whole tested frequency range. Moreover, in-depth analysis revealed substantially a linear relationship between r 2 and the number of encapsulated USPIOs divided by the diameter of the clusters (N USPIO /D H ), for each USPIO size. The cluster structure (i.e. micelle or vesicle) appeared to have a mild influence on the transverse relaxivity value. Indeed, the r 2 value was mainly governed by the individual size of the USPIOs, correlated with both the cluster external diameter and the magnetic material volume fraction.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":39870246,"asset_id":18090325,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":37929963,"first_name":"Paolo","last_name":"Arosio","domain_name":"unimi","page_name":"PaoloArosio","display_name":"Paolo Arosio","profile_url":"https://unimi.academia.edu/PaoloArosio?f_ri=13748","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":13621,"name":"Nanoparticles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nanoparticles?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true},{"id":13748,"name":"Contrast Agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contrast_Agents?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true},{"id":510090,"name":"Magnetism and Magnetic Materials","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetism_and_Magnetic_Materials?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_6469649" data-work_id="6469649" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/6469649/MULTIFUNCTIONAL_FULLERENE_AND_METALLOFULLERENE_BASED_NANOBIOMATERIALS">MULTIFUNCTIONAL FULLERENE-AND METALLOFULLERENE-BASED NANOBIOMATERIALS</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Recent advances in nanotechnology have enabled the synthesis and characterization of nanomaterials suitable for applications in the¯eld of biology and medicine. Due to their unique physicochemical properties, carbon-based nanomaterials... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_6469649" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Recent advances in nanotechnology have enabled the synthesis and characterization of nanomaterials suitable for applications in the¯eld of biology and medicine. Due to their unique physicochemical properties, carbon-based nanomaterials such as fullerenes, metallofullerenes, carbon nanotubes and graphene have been widely investigated as multifunctional materials for applications in tissue engineering, molecular imaging, therapeutics, drug delivery and biosensing. In this review, we focus on the multifunctional capabilities of fullerenes and metallofullerenes for diagnosis and therapy. Speci¯cally, we review recent advances toward the development of fullerene-and metallofullerene-based magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and X-ray imaging contrast agents, drug and gene delivery vehicles, and photodynamic therapy agents. We also discuss in vitro and in vivo toxicity, and biocompatibility issues associated with the use of fullerenes and metallofullerenes for biomedical applications.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/6469649" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9621a5338cdcdec9a2e1449c8a63f8a8" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":33257448,"asset_id":6469649,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/33257448/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwNjc4NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="10255086" href="https://independent.academia.edu/gauravlalwani">gaurav lalwani</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="10255086" type="text/json">{"id":10255086,"first_name":"gaurav","last_name":"lalwani","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"gauravlalwani","display_name":"gaurav lalwani","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/gauravlalwani?f_ri=13748","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/10255086/3304000/3888102/s65_gaurav.lalwani.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_6469649 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="6469649"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 6469649, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_6469649", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_6469649 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 6469649; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_6469649"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_6469649 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="6469649"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 6469649; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=6469649]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_6469649").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_6469649").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="6469649"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11257" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_delivery">Drug delivery</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11257" type="text/json">{"id":11257,"name":"Drug delivery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_delivery?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="13748" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contrast_Agents">Contrast Agents</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="13748" type="text/json">{"id":13748,"name":"Contrast Agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contrast_Agents?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="17733" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nanotechnology">Nanotechnology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="17733" type="text/json">{"id":17733,"name":"Nanotechnology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nanotechnology?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="53065" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fullerene">Fullerene</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="53065" type="text/json">{"id":53065,"name":"Fullerene","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fullerene?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=6469649]'), work: {"id":6469649,"title":"MULTIFUNCTIONAL FULLERENE-AND METALLOFULLERENE-BASED NANOBIOMATERIALS","created_at":"2014-03-19T01:05:19.087-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/6469649/MULTIFUNCTIONAL_FULLERENE_AND_METALLOFULLERENE_BASED_NANOBIOMATERIALS?f_ri=13748","dom_id":"work_6469649","summary":"Recent advances in nanotechnology have enabled the synthesis and characterization of nanomaterials suitable for applications in the¯eld of biology and medicine. Due to their unique physicochemical properties, carbon-based nanomaterials such as fullerenes, metallofullerenes, carbon nanotubes and graphene have been widely investigated as multifunctional materials for applications in tissue engineering, molecular imaging, therapeutics, drug delivery and biosensing. In this review, we focus on the multifunctional capabilities of fullerenes and metallofullerenes for diagnosis and therapy. Speci¯cally, we review recent advances toward the development of fullerene-and metallofullerene-based magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and X-ray imaging contrast agents, drug and gene delivery vehicles, and photodynamic therapy agents. We also discuss in vitro and in vivo toxicity, and biocompatibility issues associated with the use of fullerenes and metallofullerenes for biomedical applications.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":33257448,"asset_id":6469649,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":10255086,"first_name":"gaurav","last_name":"lalwani","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"gauravlalwani","display_name":"gaurav lalwani","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/gauravlalwani?f_ri=13748","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/10255086/3304000/3888102/s65_gaurav.lalwani.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":11257,"name":"Drug delivery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_delivery?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true},{"id":13748,"name":"Contrast Agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contrast_Agents?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true},{"id":17733,"name":"Nanotechnology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nanotechnology?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true},{"id":53065,"name":"Fullerene","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fullerene?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true},{"id":67405,"name":"Toxicity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Toxicity?f_ri=13748"},{"id":100657,"name":"Therapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Therapy?f_ri=13748"},{"id":103213,"name":"Nanoscience","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nanoscience?f_ri=13748"},{"id":249714,"name":"Biodistribution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biodistribution?f_ri=13748"},{"id":294949,"name":"Gene Delivery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_Delivery?f_ri=13748"},{"id":516024,"name":"Bioimaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioimaging?f_ri=13748"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_77463316" data-work_id="77463316" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/77463316/Findings_on_Computed_Tomography_CT_Multidetector_in_212_cases_with_suspected_Acute_Aortic_Syndrome_in_Emergency_Room">Findings on Computed Tomography (CT) Multidetector in 212 cases with suspected Acute Aortic Syndrome in Emergency Room</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This is a descriptive study, including all Computed Tomography (CT) with angiographic technique performed with suspected Acute Aortic Syndrome in the Emergency Department Radiology in University Hospital La Princesa, from December 2006... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_77463316" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This is a descriptive study, including all Computed Tomography (CT) with angiographic technique performed with suspected Acute Aortic Syndrome in the Emergency Department Radiology in University Hospital La Princesa, from December 2006 until June 2011. Two hundred twelve CT angiography were performed of 195 patients. The protocol includes a basal thoracoabdominal CT and angiography acquisition with intravenous contrast from lung apex to pubic symphysis. Bolus tracking is used by placing the ROI (150 UH) in the distal thoracic aorta, with 2 ml of iodine contrast /kg and a speed injector of 4-5ml/s, depending on the size of the vein. The AAS includes a heterogeneous group of patients with a clinical profile of aortic pain with a history of severe arterial hypertension. In our case, the diseases considered were intramural haematomas (IH), aortic dissection (AD), ruptured aneurysm and ulcerated plaques / aortic ulcers. Seventy-nine per cent of all patients were male with a mean of 65 years old (range 29-99 years). The most common symptom was pain (thoracic, abdominal, lumbar) followed by pulsatile mass. There was positive correlation for AAS in 47% of the studies. The most frequent pathology was aortic rupture (32 cases), followed by AD type A (24%), penetrating ulcer 24%, 15% aortic dissection type B and 5% of IH.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/77463316" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7e1ad9ec25788d4877f37fc4d5f6d12c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":85336094,"asset_id":77463316,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/85336094/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwNjc4NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="163457071" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MLParra">ML Parra</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="163457071" type="text/json">{"id":163457071,"first_name":"ML","last_name":"Parra","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MLParra","display_name":"ML Parra","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MLParra?f_ri=13748","photo":"https://gravatar.com/avatar/24b9bb4d3bb20289743382aef23de77c?s=65"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_77463316 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="77463316"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 77463316, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_77463316", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=77463316]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_77463316").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_77463316").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="77463316"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">16</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="640" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiology">Radiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="640" type="text/json">{"id":640,"name":"Radiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiology?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1648" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computed_Tomography">Computed Tomography</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1648" type="text/json">{"id":1648,"name":"Computed Tomography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computed_Tomography?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="13748" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contrast_Agents">Contrast Agents</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="13748" type="text/json">{"id":13748,"name":"Contrast Agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contrast_Agents?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26327" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine">Medicine</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="26327" type="text/json">{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=77463316]'), work: {"id":77463316,"title":"Findings on Computed Tomography (CT) Multidetector in 212 cases with suspected Acute Aortic Syndrome in Emergency Room","created_at":"2022-04-24T08:58:31.628-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/77463316/Findings_on_Computed_Tomography_CT_Multidetector_in_212_cases_with_suspected_Acute_Aortic_Syndrome_in_Emergency_Room?f_ri=13748","dom_id":"work_77463316","summary":"This is a descriptive study, including all Computed Tomography (CT) with angiographic technique performed with suspected Acute Aortic Syndrome in the Emergency Department Radiology in University Hospital La Princesa, from December 2006 until June 2011. Two hundred twelve CT angiography were performed of 195 patients. The protocol includes a basal thoracoabdominal CT and angiography acquisition with intravenous contrast from lung apex to pubic symphysis. Bolus tracking is used by placing the ROI (150 UH) in the distal thoracic aorta, with 2 ml of iodine contrast /kg and a speed injector of 4-5ml/s, depending on the size of the vein. The AAS includes a heterogeneous group of patients with a clinical profile of aortic pain with a history of severe arterial hypertension. In our case, the diseases considered were intramural haematomas (IH), aortic dissection (AD), ruptured aneurysm and ulcerated plaques / aortic ulcers. Seventy-nine per cent of all patients were male with a mean of 65 years old (range 29-99 years). The most common symptom was pain (thoracic, abdominal, lumbar) followed by pulsatile mass. There was positive correlation for AAS in 47% of the studies. The most frequent pathology was aortic rupture (32 cases), followed by AD type A (24%), penetrating ulcer 24%, 15% aortic dissection type B and 5% of IH.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":85336094,"asset_id":77463316,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":163457071,"first_name":"ML","last_name":"Parra","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MLParra","display_name":"ML Parra","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MLParra?f_ri=13748","photo":"https://gravatar.com/avatar/24b9bb4d3bb20289743382aef23de77c?s=65"}],"research_interests":[{"id":640,"name":"Radiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiology?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true},{"id":1648,"name":"Computed Tomography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computed_Tomography?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true},{"id":13748,"name":"Contrast Agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contrast_Agents?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true},{"id":103429,"name":"Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Abdominal_Aortic_Aneurysms?f_ri=13748"},{"id":181792,"name":"Dissection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dissection?f_ri=13748"},{"id":308710,"name":"Computer Applications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Applications?f_ri=13748"},{"id":470642,"name":"Aortic Disease","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aortic_Disease?f_ri=13748"},{"id":559242,"name":"Cardiovascular Diseases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cardiovascular_Diseases?f_ri=13748"},{"id":805584,"name":"Aneurysm","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aneurysm?f_ri=13748"},{"id":805589,"name":"Aortic Dissection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aortic_Dissection?f_ri=13748"},{"id":1004785,"name":"Hemorrhage","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hemorrhage?f_ri=13748"},{"id":1035092,"name":"Aorta","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aorta?f_ri=13748"},{"id":1211288,"name":"Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thoracic_Aortic_Aneurysm?f_ri=13748"},{"id":1321180,"name":"Ascending Aorta Dissections","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ascending_Aorta_Dissections?f_ri=13748"},{"id":2911933,"name":"Multidetector Computed Tomography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidetector_Computed_Tomography?f_ri=13748"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_69312002" data-work_id="69312002" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/69312002/Fluorescent_Nanoprobes_Dedicated_to_in_Vivo_Imaging_From_Preclinical_Validations_to_Clinical_Translation">Fluorescent Nanoprobes Dedicated to in Vivo Imaging: From Preclinical Validations to Clinical Translation</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">With the fast development, in the last ten years, of a large choice of setups dedicated to routine in vivo measurements in rodents, fluorescence imaging techniques are becoming essential tools in preclinical studies. Human clinical uses... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_69312002" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">With the fast development, in the last ten years, of a large choice of setups dedicated to routine in vivo measurements in rodents, fluorescence imaging techniques are becoming essential tools in preclinical studies. Human clinical uses for diagnostic and image-guided surgery are also emerging. In comparison to low-molecular weight organic dyes, the use of fluorescent nanoprobes can improve both the signal sensitivity (better in vivo optical properties) and the fluorescence biodistribution (passive "nano" uptake in tumours for instance). A wide range of fluorescent nanoprobes have been designed and tested in preclinical studies for the last few years. They will be reviewed and discussed considering the obstacles that need to be overcome for their potential everyday use in clinics. The conjugation of fluorescence imaging with the benefits of nanotechnology should open the way to new medical applications in the near future.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/69312002" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ece279fcdb267c8fd206e8b4ebe498b8" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":79456548,"asset_id":69312002,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/79456548/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwNjc4NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="44845151" href="https://independent.academia.edu/FabriceNavarro">Fabrice Navarro</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="44845151" type="text/json">{"id":44845151,"first_name":"Fabrice","last_name":"Navarro","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"FabriceNavarro","display_name":"Fabrice Navarro","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/FabriceNavarro?f_ri=13748","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_69312002 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="69312002"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 69312002, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_69312002", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_69312002 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 69312002; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_69312002"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_69312002 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="69312002"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 69312002; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=69312002]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_69312002").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_69312002").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="69312002"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">19</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="531" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organic_Chemistry">Organic Chemistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="531" type="text/json">{"id":531,"name":"Organic Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organic_Chemistry?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7698" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fluorescence">Fluorescence</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7698" type="text/json">{"id":7698,"name":"Fluorescence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fluorescence?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="13621" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nanoparticles">Nanoparticles</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="13621" type="text/json">{"id":13621,"name":"Nanoparticles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nanoparticles?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="13748" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contrast_Agents">Contrast Agents</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="13748" type="text/json">{"id":13748,"name":"Contrast Agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contrast_Agents?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=69312002]'), work: {"id":69312002,"title":"Fluorescent Nanoprobes Dedicated to in Vivo Imaging: From Preclinical Validations to Clinical Translation","created_at":"2022-01-23T22:34:54.720-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/69312002/Fluorescent_Nanoprobes_Dedicated_to_in_Vivo_Imaging_From_Preclinical_Validations_to_Clinical_Translation?f_ri=13748","dom_id":"work_69312002","summary":"With the fast development, in the last ten years, of a large choice of setups dedicated to routine in vivo measurements in rodents, fluorescence imaging techniques are becoming essential tools in preclinical studies. Human clinical uses for diagnostic and image-guided surgery are also emerging. In comparison to low-molecular weight organic dyes, the use of fluorescent nanoprobes can improve both the signal sensitivity (better in vivo optical properties) and the fluorescence biodistribution (passive \"nano\" uptake in tumours for instance). A wide range of fluorescent nanoprobes have been designed and tested in preclinical studies for the last few years. They will be reviewed and discussed considering the obstacles that need to be overcome for their potential everyday use in clinics. The conjugation of fluorescence imaging with the benefits of nanotechnology should open the way to new medical applications in the near future.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":79456548,"asset_id":69312002,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":44845151,"first_name":"Fabrice","last_name":"Navarro","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"FabriceNavarro","display_name":"Fabrice Navarro","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/FabriceNavarro?f_ri=13748","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":531,"name":"Organic Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organic_Chemistry?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true},{"id":7698,"name":"Fluorescence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fluorescence?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true},{"id":13621,"name":"Nanoparticles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nanoparticles?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true},{"id":13748,"name":"Contrast Agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contrast_Agents?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true},{"id":48317,"name":"Quantum Dots","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quantum_Dots?f_ri=13748"},{"id":55246,"name":"Computer assisted orthopaedic surgery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_assisted_orthopaedic_surgery?f_ri=13748"},{"id":83120,"name":"Near Infrared Spectroscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Near_Infrared_Spectroscopy?f_ri=13748"},{"id":162497,"name":"Nanoprobes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nanoprobes?f_ri=13748"},{"id":162813,"name":"Fluorescence Imaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fluorescence_Imaging?f_ri=13748"},{"id":189685,"name":"In Vivo Imaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/In_Vivo_Imaging?f_ri=13748"},{"id":203765,"name":"Diagnostic Imaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diagnostic_Imaging?f_ri=13748"},{"id":249714,"name":"Biodistribution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biodistribution?f_ri=13748"},{"id":328449,"name":"Molecules","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecules?f_ri=13748"},{"id":469018,"name":"Neoplasms","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neoplasms?f_ri=13748"},{"id":1592835,"name":"Translational Medical Research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Translational_Medical_Research?f_ri=13748"},{"id":1835189,"name":"Organic Dyes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organic_Dyes?f_ri=13748"},{"id":2550937,"name":"Molecular probes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_probes?f_ri=13748"},{"id":2950651,"name":"Tissue distribution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tissue_distribution?f_ri=13748"},{"id":3276666,"name":"fluorescent dyes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/fluorescent_dyes?f_ri=13748"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_59051778" data-work_id="59051778" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/59051778/A_Comparison_of_Low_Dose_and_Normal_Dose_Gadobutrol_in_MR_Renography_and_Renal_Angiography">A Comparison of Low-Dose and Normal-Dose Gadobutrol in MR Renography and Renal Angiography</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Objective: It has been advocated that a reduced injection volume with highly concentrated (1 M) contrast material can produce a sharper bolus peak and an increased intravascular first-pass gadolinium concentration when compared with the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_59051778" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Objective: It has been advocated that a reduced injection volume with highly concentrated (1 M) contrast material can produce a sharper bolus peak and an increased intravascular first-pass gadolinium concentration when compared with the use of a lower concentration (0.5 M). A higher concentration would also cause a reduction in dose. The purpose of our study was to test the use of a low dose (0.05 mmol/kg) of gadobutrol in magnetic resonance renography and angiography and compare the findings with a dose of 0.1 mmol/kg. Materials and Methods: One-hundred-thirty-four patients referred for magnetic resonance angiography for suspected renovascular disease participated in the study. Contrast enhanced MR renography and angiography were performed after administration of a bolus of 0.1 mmol/kg or 0.05 mmol/kg gadobutrol in randomized patients. The relative signal intensity-time curves of the aorta, peripheral cortex and parenchyma, were obtained. Two radiologists evaluated the angiographic images and evaluated the quality of angiography. Results: The signal intensity with a low dose of gadobutrol was significantly lower in early phases, in the peripheral cortex (for 36, 54, 72 and 90 seconds), the parenchyma (for 36, 54, 72 seconds) and the aorta (for 18, 36, 54, 72 seconds). The decreases in the early phase obtained with a low dose of gadobutrol caused blunter time intensity curves. The difference in the quality scores of the readers for the angiographic images for the use of the two different doses was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Conclusion: A lower dose of gadobutrol can be used for MR renal angiography, but for MR renography the normal dose should be used. agnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is widely used in the morphologic assessment of the renal parenchyma and excretory system. It is especially useful in evaluating renal masses, the prenatal genitourinary system, urinary obstructions or infections (1). The functional evaluation of kidneys has been of interest for many years (2 7). A very high percentage of the functional kidney studies concern renovascular diseases (RVDs). An RVD can be a cause of hypertension and 1 5% of patients with hypertension have a RVD (8, 9). Although rare, diagnosis is important because RVD is potentially curable. More than 50% of high-grade stenosis progress to occlusion within two years (10, 11). MR can demonstrate structural and functional changes and plays an important role in the diagnosis of RVD. Gadobutrol (Gadovist, Schering, Berlin, Germany) is a gadolinium-based paramagnetic contrast agent. It is freely filtered by the glomerulus without tubular secretion or re-absorption. The total plasma clearance of gadobutrol is very close to renal clearance, so glomerular filtration is the main pathway of elimination (12 14).</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/59051778" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ee51f695f314f2e765c35a1180901a47" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":73168317,"asset_id":59051778,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/73168317/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwNjc4NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="63864048" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MNural">Mehmet Nural</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="63864048" type="text/json">{"id":63864048,"first_name":"Mehmet","last_name":"Nural","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MNural","display_name":"Mehmet Nural","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MNural?f_ri=13748","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_59051778 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="59051778"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 59051778, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_59051778", }); 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A higher concentration would also cause a reduction in dose. The purpose of our study was to test the use of a low dose (0.05 mmol/kg) of gadobutrol in magnetic resonance renography and angiography and compare the findings with a dose of 0.1 mmol/kg. Materials and Methods: One-hundred-thirty-four patients referred for magnetic resonance angiography for suspected renovascular disease participated in the study. Contrast enhanced MR renography and angiography were performed after administration of a bolus of 0.1 mmol/kg or 0.05 mmol/kg gadobutrol in randomized patients. The relative signal intensity-time curves of the aorta, peripheral cortex and parenchyma, were obtained. Two radiologists evaluated the angiographic images and evaluated the quality of angiography. Results: The signal intensity with a low dose of gadobutrol was significantly lower in early phases, in the peripheral cortex (for 36, 54, 72 and 90 seconds), the parenchyma (for 36, 54, 72 seconds) and the aorta (for 18, 36, 54, 72 seconds). The decreases in the early phase obtained with a low dose of gadobutrol caused blunter time intensity curves. The difference in the quality scores of the readers for the angiographic images for the use of the two different doses was not statistically significant (p \u003e 0.05). Conclusion: A lower dose of gadobutrol can be used for MR renal angiography, but for MR renography the normal dose should be used. agnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is widely used in the morphologic assessment of the renal parenchyma and excretory system. It is especially useful in evaluating renal masses, the prenatal genitourinary system, urinary obstructions or infections (1). The functional evaluation of kidneys has been of interest for many years (2 7). A very high percentage of the functional kidney studies concern renovascular diseases (RVDs). An RVD can be a cause of hypertension and 1 5% of patients with hypertension have a RVD (8, 9). Although rare, diagnosis is important because RVD is potentially curable. More than 50% of high-grade stenosis progress to occlusion within two years (10, 11). MR can demonstrate structural and functional changes and plays an important role in the diagnosis of RVD. Gadobutrol (Gadovist, Schering, Berlin, Germany) is a gadolinium-based paramagnetic contrast agent. It is freely filtered by the glomerulus without tubular secretion or re-absorption. The total plasma clearance of gadobutrol is very close to renal clearance, so glomerular filtration is the main pathway of elimination (12 14).","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":73168317,"asset_id":59051778,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":63864048,"first_name":"Mehmet","last_name":"Nural","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MNural","display_name":"Mehmet Nural","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MNural?f_ri=13748","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":6200,"name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true},{"id":13748,"name":"Contrast Agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contrast_Agents?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true},{"id":33078,"name":"Korean","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Korean?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true},{"id":72821,"name":"Low Dose","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Low_Dose?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true},{"id":100946,"name":"Functional Imaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Functional_Imaging?f_ri=13748"},{"id":1033201,"name":"Organometallic Compounds","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organometallic_Compounds?f_ri=13748"},{"id":1407305,"name":"Contrast Media","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contrast_Media?f_ri=13748"},{"id":1944553,"name":"Magnetic resonance angiography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_resonance_angiography?f_ri=13748"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_59051038" data-work_id="59051038" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/59051038/A_Comparison_of_Low_Dose_and_Normal_Dose_Gadobutrol_in_MR_Renography_and_Renal_Angiography">A Comparison of Low-Dose and Normal-Dose Gadobutrol in MR Renography and Renal Angiography</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">It has been advocated that a reduced injection volume with highly concentrated (1 M) contrast material can produce a sharper bolus peak and an increased intravascular first-pass gadolinium concentration when compared with the use of a... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_59051038" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">It has been advocated that a reduced injection volume with highly concentrated (1 M) contrast material can produce a sharper bolus peak and an increased intravascular first-pass gadolinium concentration when compared with the use of a lower concentration (0.5 M). A higher ...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/59051038" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="fa8f0aad9707a5f49fca19725ce2e649" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":73167843,"asset_id":59051038,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/73167843/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwNjc4NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="63864048" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MNural">Mehmet Nural</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="63864048" type="text/json">{"id":63864048,"first_name":"Mehmet","last_name":"Nural","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MNural","display_name":"Mehmet Nural","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MNural?f_ri=13748","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_59051038 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="59051038"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 59051038, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_59051038", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=59051038]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_59051038").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_59051038").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="59051038"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6200" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging">Magnetic Resonance Imaging</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6200" type="text/json">{"id":6200,"name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="13748" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contrast_Agents">Contrast Agents</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="13748" type="text/json">{"id":13748,"name":"Contrast Agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contrast_Agents?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="33078" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Korean">Korean</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="33078" type="text/json">{"id":33078,"name":"Korean","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Korean?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="72821" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Low_Dose">Low Dose</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="72821" type="text/json">{"id":72821,"name":"Low Dose","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Low_Dose?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=59051038]'), work: {"id":59051038,"title":"A Comparison of Low-Dose and Normal-Dose Gadobutrol in MR Renography and Renal Angiography","created_at":"2021-10-19T11:13:23.130-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/59051038/A_Comparison_of_Low_Dose_and_Normal_Dose_Gadobutrol_in_MR_Renography_and_Renal_Angiography?f_ri=13748","dom_id":"work_59051038","summary":"It has been advocated that a reduced injection volume with highly concentrated (1 M) contrast material can produce a sharper bolus peak and an increased intravascular first-pass gadolinium concentration when compared with the use of a lower concentration (0.5 M). A higher ...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":73167843,"asset_id":59051038,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":63864048,"first_name":"Mehmet","last_name":"Nural","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MNural","display_name":"Mehmet Nural","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MNural?f_ri=13748","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":6200,"name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true},{"id":13748,"name":"Contrast Agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contrast_Agents?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true},{"id":33078,"name":"Korean","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Korean?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true},{"id":72821,"name":"Low Dose","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Low_Dose?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true},{"id":100946,"name":"Functional Imaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Functional_Imaging?f_ri=13748"},{"id":1033201,"name":"Organometallic Compounds","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organometallic_Compounds?f_ri=13748"},{"id":1407305,"name":"Contrast Media","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contrast_Media?f_ri=13748"},{"id":1944553,"name":"Magnetic resonance angiography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_resonance_angiography?f_ri=13748"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_55738918" data-work_id="55738918" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/55738918/Fluorescent_and_paramagnetic_core_shell_hybrid_nanoparticles_for_bi_modal_magnetic_resonance_luminescence_imaging">Fluorescent and paramagnetic core–shell hybrid nanoparticles for bi-modal magnetic resonance/luminescence imaging</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Well calibrated core-shell multifunctional nanoparticles for biomedical applications were synthesized by a multistep soft chemistry route. The core is composed of Gd(OH)CO 3 $H 2 O spheres prepared via a urea-based homogeneous... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_55738918" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Well calibrated core-shell multifunctional nanoparticles for biomedical applications were synthesized by a multistep soft chemistry route. The core is composed of Gd(OH)CO 3 $H 2 O spheres prepared via a urea-based homogeneous precipitation technique, while the shell is a homogeneous thin silica layer embedded with the fluorescent dye rhodamine B (RhB) prepared via a modified St€ ober process. The hybrid core-shell nanoparticles show a paramagnetic behavior with a specific saturation magnetization of 2.8 emu g À1. The nuclear magnetic resonance relaxation measurements reveal that these systems could be used as T 1 and T 2 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents. Also, the resulting core-shell nanoparticles are fluorescent due to the presence of RhB entrapped inside the silica shell. When incubated with the human cervical carcinoma (HeLa) cells the core-shell composite particles exhibit bright intracellular fluorescence, indicating their capability for optical imaging in biology. Furthermore, the incorporation of organic dyes inside the silica matrix yields outstanding advantages such as significantly improved photostability of the dye and reduced cytotoxicity due to the protection of biocompatible silica shell. These features demonstrate that the magnetofluorescent core-shell nanoparticles prepared in our work have the potential to serve as a versatile imaging tool for smart detection or diagnosis in future biomedical engineering.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/55738918" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="878ae583f5dfe5fb02e5fd4a742c0523" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":71467156,"asset_id":55738918,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/71467156/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwNjc4NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="34293248" href="https://independent.academia.edu/YoshioSakka">Yoshio Sakka</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="34293248" type="text/json">{"id":34293248,"first_name":"Yoshio","last_name":"Sakka","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"YoshioSakka","display_name":"Yoshio Sakka","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/YoshioSakka?f_ri=13748","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_55738918 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="55738918"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 55738918, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_55738918", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_55738918 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 55738918; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_55738918"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_55738918 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="55738918"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 55738918; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=55738918]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_55738918").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_55738918").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="55738918"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="48" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering">Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="48" type="text/json">{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2305" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Materials_Chemistry">Materials Chemistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2305" type="text/json">{"id":2305,"name":"Materials Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Materials_Chemistry?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8928" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/MRI">MRI</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8928" type="text/json">{"id":8928,"name":"MRI","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/MRI?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="13621" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nanoparticles">Nanoparticles</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="13621" type="text/json">{"id":13621,"name":"Nanoparticles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nanoparticles?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=55738918]'), work: {"id":55738918,"title":"Fluorescent and paramagnetic core–shell hybrid nanoparticles for bi-modal magnetic resonance/luminescence imaging","created_at":"2021-10-05T15:32:14.988-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/55738918/Fluorescent_and_paramagnetic_core_shell_hybrid_nanoparticles_for_bi_modal_magnetic_resonance_luminescence_imaging?f_ri=13748","dom_id":"work_55738918","summary":"Well calibrated core-shell multifunctional nanoparticles for biomedical applications were synthesized by a multistep soft chemistry route. The core is composed of Gd(OH)CO 3 $H 2 O spheres prepared via a urea-based homogeneous precipitation technique, while the shell is a homogeneous thin silica layer embedded with the fluorescent dye rhodamine B (RhB) prepared via a modified St€ ober process. The hybrid core-shell nanoparticles show a paramagnetic behavior with a specific saturation magnetization of 2.8 emu g À1. The nuclear magnetic resonance relaxation measurements reveal that these systems could be used as T 1 and T 2 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents. Also, the resulting core-shell nanoparticles are fluorescent due to the presence of RhB entrapped inside the silica shell. When incubated with the human cervical carcinoma (HeLa) cells the core-shell composite particles exhibit bright intracellular fluorescence, indicating their capability for optical imaging in biology. Furthermore, the incorporation of organic dyes inside the silica matrix yields outstanding advantages such as significantly improved photostability of the dye and reduced cytotoxicity due to the protection of biocompatible silica shell. These features demonstrate that the magnetofluorescent core-shell nanoparticles prepared in our work have the potential to serve as a versatile imaging tool for smart detection or diagnosis in future biomedical engineering.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":71467156,"asset_id":55738918,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":34293248,"first_name":"Yoshio","last_name":"Sakka","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"YoshioSakka","display_name":"Yoshio Sakka","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/YoshioSakka?f_ri=13748","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true},{"id":2305,"name":"Materials Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Materials_Chemistry?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true},{"id":8928,"name":"MRI","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/MRI?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true},{"id":13621,"name":"Nanoparticles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nanoparticles?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true},{"id":13748,"name":"Contrast Agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contrast_Agents?f_ri=13748"},{"id":260118,"name":"CHEMICAL SCIENCES","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CHEMICAL_SCIENCES?f_ri=13748"},{"id":510090,"name":"Magnetism and Magnetic Materials","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetism_and_Magnetic_Materials?f_ri=13748"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_30204504" data-work_id="30204504" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/30204504/Multifunctional_core_shell_nanoparticles_superparamagnetic_mesoporous_and_thermosensitive">Multifunctional core–shell nanoparticles: superparamagnetic, mesoporous, and thermosensitive</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Multifunctional core–shell composite nanoparticles (NPs) have been developed by the combination of three functionalities into one entity, which is composed of a single Fe 3 O 4 NP as the magnetic core, mesoporous silica (mSiO 2) with... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_30204504" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Multifunctional core–shell composite nanoparticles (NPs) have been developed by the combination of three functionalities into one entity, which is composed of a single Fe 3 O 4 NP as the magnetic core, mesoporous silica (mSiO 2) with cavities as the sandwiched layer, and thermosensitive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylamide) (P(NIP-AAm-co-AAm)) copolymer as the outer shell. The mSiO 2-coated Fe 3 O 4 NPs (Fe 3 O 4 @mSiO 2) are mono-disperse and the particle sizes were varied from 25 to 95 nm by precisely controlling the thickness of mSiO 2-coating layer. The P(NIPAAm-co-AAm) were then grown onto surface-initiator-modified Fe 3 O 4 @mSiO 2 NPs through free radical polymerization. These core– shell composite NPs (designated as Fe 3 O 4 @mSiO 2 @ P(NIPAAm-co-AAm)) were found to be superpara-magnetic with high r 2 relaxivity. To manipulate the phase transition behavior of these thermosensitive polymer-coated NPs for future in vivo applications, the characteristic lower critical solution temperature (LCST) was subtly tuned by adjusting the composition of the monomers to be around the human body temperature (i.e. 37 °C), from ca. 34 to ca. 42 °C. The thermal response of the core–shell composite NPs to the external magnetic field was also demonstrated. Owing to their multiple functionality characteristics, these porous superparamagnetic and thermosensitive NPs may prove valuable for simultaneous magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), temperature-controlled drug release, and temperature-programed magnetic targeting and separation applications.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/30204504" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9826fba22f0d1c24568a9ff7001df0ba" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50663044,"asset_id":30204504,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50663044/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwNjc4NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="38258424" href="https://kth.academia.edu/MSToprak">Muhammet S Toprak</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="38258424" type="text/json">{"id":38258424,"first_name":"Muhammet","last_name":"Toprak","domain_name":"kth","page_name":"MSToprak","display_name":"Muhammet S Toprak","profile_url":"https://kth.academia.edu/MSToprak?f_ri=13748","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/38258424/11295397/12601873/s65_muhammet.toprak.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_30204504 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="30204504"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 30204504, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_30204504", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_30204504 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 30204504; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_30204504"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_30204504 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="30204504"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 30204504; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=30204504]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_30204504").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_30204504").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="30204504"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2306" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Synthesis_of_nanoparticles">Synthesis of nanoparticles</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2306" type="text/json">{"id":2306,"name":"Synthesis of nanoparticles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Synthesis_of_nanoparticles?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="13748" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contrast_Agents">Contrast Agents</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="13748" type="text/json">{"id":13748,"name":"Contrast Agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contrast_Agents?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="970779" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Core_shell_Nanoparticles">Core shell Nanoparticles</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="970779" type="text/json">{"id":970779,"name":"Core shell Nanoparticles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Core_shell_Nanoparticles?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=30204504]'), work: {"id":30204504,"title":"Multifunctional core–shell nanoparticles: superparamagnetic, mesoporous, and thermosensitive","created_at":"2016-12-01T11:36:01.280-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/30204504/Multifunctional_core_shell_nanoparticles_superparamagnetic_mesoporous_and_thermosensitive?f_ri=13748","dom_id":"work_30204504","summary":"Multifunctional core–shell composite nanoparticles (NPs) have been developed by the combination of three functionalities into one entity, which is composed of a single Fe 3 O 4 NP as the magnetic core, mesoporous silica (mSiO 2) with cavities as the sandwiched layer, and thermosensitive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylamide) (P(NIP-AAm-co-AAm)) copolymer as the outer shell. The mSiO 2-coated Fe 3 O 4 NPs (Fe 3 O 4 @mSiO 2) are mono-disperse and the particle sizes were varied from 25 to 95 nm by precisely controlling the thickness of mSiO 2-coating layer. The P(NIPAAm-co-AAm) were then grown onto surface-initiator-modified Fe 3 O 4 @mSiO 2 NPs through free radical polymerization. These core– shell composite NPs (designated as Fe 3 O 4 @mSiO 2 @ P(NIPAAm-co-AAm)) were found to be superpara-magnetic with high r 2 relaxivity. To manipulate the phase transition behavior of these thermosensitive polymer-coated NPs for future in vivo applications, the characteristic lower critical solution temperature (LCST) was subtly tuned by adjusting the composition of the monomers to be around the human body temperature (i.e. 37 °C), from ca. 34 to ca. 42 °C. The thermal response of the core–shell composite NPs to the external magnetic field was also demonstrated. Owing to their multiple functionality characteristics, these porous superparamagnetic and thermosensitive NPs may prove valuable for simultaneous magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), temperature-controlled drug release, and temperature-programed magnetic targeting and separation applications.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50663044,"asset_id":30204504,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":38258424,"first_name":"Muhammet","last_name":"Toprak","domain_name":"kth","page_name":"MSToprak","display_name":"Muhammet S Toprak","profile_url":"https://kth.academia.edu/MSToprak?f_ri=13748","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/38258424/11295397/12601873/s65_muhammet.toprak.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2306,"name":"Synthesis of nanoparticles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Synthesis_of_nanoparticles?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true},{"id":13748,"name":"Contrast Agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contrast_Agents?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true},{"id":970779,"name":"Core shell Nanoparticles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Core_shell_Nanoparticles?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_26945427 coauthored" data-work_id="26945427" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/26945427/Ultrasound_contrast_agents_modeling_using_an_extended_Volterra_model">Ultrasound contrast agents modeling using an extended Volterra model</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Harmonic imaging has historically occurred with the introduction of ultrasound contrast agents such as microbubbles. These agents, due to their nonlinear behavior, have provided a great increase in the contrast of ultrasound images.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_26945427" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Harmonic imaging has historically occurred with the introduction of ultrasound contrast agents such as microbubbles. These agents, due to their nonlinear behavior, have provided a great increase in the contrast of ultrasound images. Although this modality has revolutionized the clinical practice, it still suffers from the presence of harmonics in the echo of the tissue that reduce its efficiency. One way to overcome this problem was to turn to the sub-harmonic imaging based on the reception of sub-harmonics generated by microbubbles at high pressure levels. Modeling of the signals backscattered by microbubbles was performed with nonlinear models such as Volterra series. These models have exhibited high efficiency in modeling harmonics. However, they are inadequate to model sub- and ultra-harmonics. In this paper, we propose an extension of the Volterra series in order to model these sub- and ultra-harmonics. Results showed that signals backscattered by the medium infused with microbubbles can be accurately represented by the derived model. The gain achieved with our method was 2.3 dB compared to the standard Volterra modeling. In the frequency domain, the spectrum of the simulated signal has described perfectly that of the microbubble.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/26945427" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d656806185000e1ad74f21421f1458ca" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":51163077,"asset_id":26945427,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51163077/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwNjc4NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="21632591" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JeanMarcGirault">Jean-Marc Girault</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="21632591" type="text/json">{"id":21632591,"first_name":"Jean-Marc","last_name":"Girault","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JeanMarcGirault","display_name":"Jean-Marc Girault","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JeanMarcGirault?f_ri=13748","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/21632591/5944411/6748264/s65_jean-marc.girault.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-26945427">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-26945427"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://eseo.academia.edu/SebastienMenigot">Sebastien Menigot</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-26945427'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-26945427').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_26945427 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="26945427"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 26945427, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_26945427", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_26945427 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26945427; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_26945427"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_26945427 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="26945427"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26945427; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=26945427]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_26945427").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_26945427").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="26945427"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2141" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Signal_Processing">Signal Processing</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2141" type="text/json">{"id":2141,"name":"Signal Processing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Signal_Processing?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="13748" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contrast_Agents">Contrast Agents</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="13748" type="text/json">{"id":13748,"name":"Contrast Agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contrast_Agents?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=26945427]'), work: {"id":26945427,"title":"Ultrasound contrast agents modeling using an extended Volterra model","created_at":"2016-07-13T02:27:16.480-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/26945427/Ultrasound_contrast_agents_modeling_using_an_extended_Volterra_model?f_ri=13748","dom_id":"work_26945427","summary":"Harmonic imaging has historically occurred with the introduction of ultrasound contrast agents such as microbubbles. These agents, due to their nonlinear behavior, have provided a great increase in the contrast of ultrasound images. Although this modality has revolutionized the clinical practice, it still suffers from the presence of harmonics in the echo of the tissue that reduce its efficiency. One way to overcome this problem was to turn to the sub-harmonic imaging based on the reception of sub-harmonics generated by microbubbles at high pressure levels. Modeling of the signals backscattered by microbubbles was performed with nonlinear models such as Volterra series. These models have exhibited high efficiency in modeling harmonics. However, they are inadequate to model sub- and ultra-harmonics. In this paper, we propose an extension of the Volterra series in order to model these sub- and ultra-harmonics. Results showed that signals backscattered by the medium infused with microbubbles can be accurately represented by the derived model. The gain achieved with our method was 2.3 dB compared to the standard Volterra modeling. In the frequency domain, the spectrum of the simulated signal has described perfectly that of the microbubble.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":51163077,"asset_id":26945427,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":21632591,"first_name":"Jean-Marc","last_name":"Girault","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JeanMarcGirault","display_name":"Jean-Marc Girault","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JeanMarcGirault?f_ri=13748","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/21632591/5944411/6748264/s65_jean-marc.girault.jpg"},{"id":50964065,"first_name":"Sebastien","last_name":"Menigot","domain_name":"eseo","page_name":"SebastienMenigot","display_name":"Sebastien Menigot","profile_url":"https://eseo.academia.edu/SebastienMenigot?f_ri=13748","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/50964065/13495161/72405435/s65_sebastien.menigot.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2141,"name":"Signal Processing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Signal_Processing?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true},{"id":13748,"name":"Contrast Agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contrast_Agents?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_26945428 coauthored" data-work_id="26945428" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/26945428/Sub_and_ultra_harmonic_extraction_using_modified_Hammerstein_model">Sub and ultra harmonic extraction using modified Hammerstein model</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Ultrasound contrast imaging has been introduced in order to increase the contrast of echographic images by injecting micro-bubbles in the vascular system. They are gaz filled microbubbles with nonlinear behavior. One of the most used... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_26945428" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Ultrasound contrast imaging has been introduced in order to increase the contrast of echographic images by injecting micro-bubbles in the vascular system. They are gaz filled microbubbles with nonlinear behavior. One of the most used modality of ultrasound contrast imaging is the second harmonic imaging. This imaging technique, based on the reception of the second harmonic, is devoted to image only the nonlinearity of the microbubble. However, in such ultrasound images the contrast is limited by the nonlinear components of non-perfused tissue. Sub and ultra harmonic imaging appeared to be an interesting alternative to overcome this limitation since, unlike tissue, microbubbles generate sub and ultra harmonics. In order to extract optimally these sub and ultra harmonic components, we proposed a modified Hammerstein model able to model and extract sub and ultra harmonics. Results showed i) that microbubble signal is accurately represented both in time and frequency domains and ii) that sub- and ultra-harmonics were well extracted and separated from harmonic component. Note that the gain achieved by comparing the filtering signals by the modified Hammerstein and the standard Hammerstein was dB.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/26945428" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e4847f2e700a305106caace313eb06e6" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":51163066,"asset_id":26945428,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51163066/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwNjc4NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="21632591" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JeanMarcGirault">Jean-Marc Girault</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="21632591" type="text/json">{"id":21632591,"first_name":"Jean-Marc","last_name":"Girault","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JeanMarcGirault","display_name":"Jean-Marc Girault","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JeanMarcGirault?f_ri=13748","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/21632591/5944411/6748264/s65_jean-marc.girault.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-26945428">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-26945428"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://eseo.academia.edu/SebastienMenigot">Sebastien Menigot</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-26945428'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-26945428').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_26945428 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="26945428"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 26945428, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_26945428", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_26945428 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26945428; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_26945428"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_26945428 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="26945428"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26945428; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=26945428]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_26945428").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_26945428").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="26945428"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2141" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Signal_Processing">Signal Processing</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2141" type="text/json">{"id":2141,"name":"Signal Processing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Signal_Processing?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="13748" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contrast_Agents">Contrast Agents</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="13748" type="text/json">{"id":13748,"name":"Contrast Agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contrast_Agents?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=26945428]'), work: {"id":26945428,"title":"Sub and ultra harmonic extraction using modified Hammerstein model","created_at":"2016-07-13T02:27:16.637-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/26945428/Sub_and_ultra_harmonic_extraction_using_modified_Hammerstein_model?f_ri=13748","dom_id":"work_26945428","summary":"Ultrasound contrast imaging has been introduced in order to increase the contrast of echographic images by injecting micro-bubbles in the vascular system. They are gaz filled microbubbles with nonlinear behavior. One of the most used modality of ultrasound contrast imaging is the second harmonic imaging. This imaging technique, based on the reception of the second harmonic, is devoted to image only the nonlinearity of the microbubble. However, in such ultrasound images the contrast is limited by the nonlinear components of non-perfused tissue. Sub and ultra harmonic imaging appeared to be an interesting alternative to overcome this limitation since, unlike tissue, microbubbles generate sub and ultra harmonics. In order to extract optimally these sub and ultra harmonic components, we proposed a modified Hammerstein model able to model and extract sub and ultra harmonics. Results showed i) that microbubble signal is accurately represented both in time and frequency domains and ii) that sub- and ultra-harmonics were well extracted and separated from harmonic component. Note that the gain achieved by comparing the filtering signals by the modified Hammerstein and the standard Hammerstein was dB.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":51163066,"asset_id":26945428,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":21632591,"first_name":"Jean-Marc","last_name":"Girault","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JeanMarcGirault","display_name":"Jean-Marc Girault","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JeanMarcGirault?f_ri=13748","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/21632591/5944411/6748264/s65_jean-marc.girault.jpg"},{"id":50964065,"first_name":"Sebastien","last_name":"Menigot","domain_name":"eseo","page_name":"SebastienMenigot","display_name":"Sebastien Menigot","profile_url":"https://eseo.academia.edu/SebastienMenigot?f_ri=13748","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/50964065/13495161/72405435/s65_sebastien.menigot.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2141,"name":"Signal Processing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Signal_Processing?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true},{"id":13748,"name":"Contrast Agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contrast_Agents?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_23768300" data-work_id="23768300" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/23768300/The_aptabot_an_inducibly_affinity_switching_minimally_invasive_in_vivo_contrast_agent">The aptabot: an inducibly affinityswitching, minimally invasive in vivo contrast agent</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The ambitions of current neuroscience, understanding neurological disease progression and mapping the connectome, demonstrate a need for safe in vivo tools for creating intricate maps of brain circuitry. Present in vivo contrast agents... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_23768300" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The ambitions of current neuroscience, understanding neurological disease progression and mapping the connectome, demonstrate a need for safe in vivo tools for creating intricate maps of brain circuitry. Present in vivo contrast agents are often limited by their specificity, uptake, resolvability, and/or clearance. We describe an aptamer-functionalized sensor for high-resolution imaging that can switch imaging targets by an induced multi-stage aptamer reaction. Included are synthetic methods as well as calculations of sensor efficacy based on known kinetics. Calculations show that 10 distinct targets may be imaged in a living brain at the submicron scale within 42 hours.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/23768300" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d339ac627389d245794e3ea384e4461b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44192094,"asset_id":23768300,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44192094/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwNjc4NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="45997213" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JasonFuller6">Jason Fuller</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="45997213" type="text/json">{"id":45997213,"first_name":"Jason","last_name":"Fuller","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JasonFuller6","display_name":"Jason Fuller","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JasonFuller6?f_ri=13748","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/45997213/12784307/14207960/s65_jason.fuller.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_23768300 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="23768300"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 23768300, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_23768300", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_23768300 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 23768300; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_23768300"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_23768300 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="23768300"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 23768300; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=23768300]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_23768300").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_23768300").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="23768300"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7835" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nanobiotechnology">Nanobiotechnology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7835" type="text/json">{"id":7835,"name":"Nanobiotechnology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nanobiotechnology?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="13621" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nanoparticles">Nanoparticles</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="13621" type="text/json">{"id":13621,"name":"Nanoparticles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nanoparticles?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="13748" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contrast_Agents">Contrast Agents</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="13748" type="text/json">{"id":13748,"name":"Contrast Agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contrast_Agents?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="25227" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nuclear_Medicine_and_PET-CT">Nuclear Medicine and PET-CT</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="25227" type="text/json">{"id":25227,"name":"Nuclear Medicine and PET-CT","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nuclear_Medicine_and_PET-CT?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=23768300]'), work: {"id":23768300,"title":"The aptabot: an inducibly affinityswitching, minimally invasive in vivo contrast agent","created_at":"2016-03-29T09:46:51.718-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/23768300/The_aptabot_an_inducibly_affinity_switching_minimally_invasive_in_vivo_contrast_agent?f_ri=13748","dom_id":"work_23768300","summary":"The ambitions of current neuroscience, understanding neurological disease progression and mapping the connectome, demonstrate a need for safe in vivo tools for creating intricate maps of brain circuitry. Present in vivo contrast agents are often limited by their specificity, uptake, resolvability, and/or clearance. We describe an aptamer-functionalized sensor for high-resolution imaging that can switch imaging targets by an induced multi-stage aptamer reaction. Included are synthetic methods as well as calculations of sensor efficacy based on known kinetics. Calculations show that 10 distinct targets may be imaged in a living brain at the submicron scale within 42 hours.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":44192094,"asset_id":23768300,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":45997213,"first_name":"Jason","last_name":"Fuller","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JasonFuller6","display_name":"Jason Fuller","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JasonFuller6?f_ri=13748","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/45997213/12784307/14207960/s65_jason.fuller.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7835,"name":"Nanobiotechnology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nanobiotechnology?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true},{"id":13621,"name":"Nanoparticles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nanoparticles?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true},{"id":13748,"name":"Contrast Agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contrast_Agents?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true},{"id":25227,"name":"Nuclear Medicine and PET-CT","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nuclear_Medicine_and_PET-CT?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true},{"id":105432,"name":"CT scanning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CT_scanning?f_ri=13748"},{"id":953365,"name":"Actuators and Sensors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Actuators_and_Sensors?f_ri=13748"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_23049343" data-work_id="23049343" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/23049343/Immune_compatible_cystine_functionalized_superparamagnetic_iron_oxide_nanoparticles_as_vascular_contrast_agents_in_ultrasonography">Immune compatible cystine-functionalized superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles as vascular contrast agents in ultrasonography</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) have been extensively investigated for many biomedical applications. A good quality functionalization that combines imaging goals with a high-level of biocompatibility remains one of the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_23049343" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) have been extensively investigated for many biomedical applications. A good quality functionalization that combines imaging goals with a high-level of biocompatibility remains one of the challenges for particle translation into medical practice. Here, we focus on a new functionalization of SPIONs with cystine (Cy-SPIONs). Cystine is able to make SPIONs stable and dispersible in water and in culture cell media. New insights are provided into the biological and immune effects of Cy-SPIONs with a wide variety of standard and molecular assays to evaluate cytotoxicity, cell activation, cytokine release and the expression of 84 genes related to immune responses. A good immune biocompatibility of Cy-SPIONs on primary immune cells was found. The great potential of Cy-SPIONs for further in vivo studies and as contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is highlighted. In addition, we also exploited ultrasonography, since it is a safer, less expensive and common imaging technology. The good echogenic properties of Cy-SPIONs in water and in whole blood are shown, both in vitro and in a phantom vein for bloodstream simulations. Our results open up a new scenario for future applications of cystine-functionalized SPIONs as immune-compatible ultrasound and MRI contrast agents.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/23049343" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7098d8341320e54efcc9c7aa67cbb3dc" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":43554782,"asset_id":23049343,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/43554782/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwNjc4NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="12756861" href="https://uniss.academia.edu/MassimilianoPeana">Massimiliano Peana</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="12756861" type="text/json">{"id":12756861,"first_name":"Massimiliano","last_name":"Peana","domain_name":"uniss","page_name":"MassimilianoPeana","display_name":"Massimiliano Peana","profile_url":"https://uniss.academia.edu/MassimilianoPeana?f_ri=13748","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/12756861/3790296/23101296/s65_massimiliano.peana.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_23049343 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="23049343"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 23049343, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_23049343", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_23049343 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 23049343; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_23049343"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_23049343 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="23049343"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 23049343; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=23049343]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_23049343").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_23049343").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="23049343"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1249" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Imaging">Medical Imaging</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1249" type="text/json">{"id":1249,"name":"Medical Imaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Imaging?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="13621" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nanoparticles">Nanoparticles</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="13621" type="text/json">{"id":13621,"name":"Nanoparticles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nanoparticles?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="13748" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contrast_Agents">Contrast Agents</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="13748" type="text/json">{"id":13748,"name":"Contrast Agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contrast_Agents?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47402" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nanotoxicology">Nanotoxicology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="47402" type="text/json">{"id":47402,"name":"Nanotoxicology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nanotoxicology?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=23049343]'), work: {"id":23049343,"title":"Immune compatible cystine-functionalized superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles as vascular contrast agents in ultrasonography","created_at":"2016-03-09T10:50:58.446-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/23049343/Immune_compatible_cystine_functionalized_superparamagnetic_iron_oxide_nanoparticles_as_vascular_contrast_agents_in_ultrasonography?f_ri=13748","dom_id":"work_23049343","summary":"Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) have been extensively investigated for many biomedical applications. A good quality functionalization that combines imaging goals with a high-level of biocompatibility remains one of the challenges for particle translation into medical practice. Here, we focus on a new functionalization of SPIONs with cystine (Cy-SPIONs). Cystine is able to make SPIONs stable and dispersible in water and in culture cell media. New insights are provided into the biological and immune effects of Cy-SPIONs with a wide variety of standard and molecular assays to evaluate cytotoxicity, cell activation, cytokine release and the expression of 84 genes related to immune responses. A good immune biocompatibility of Cy-SPIONs on primary immune cells was found. The great potential of Cy-SPIONs for further in vivo studies and as contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is highlighted. In addition, we also exploited ultrasonography, since it is a safer, less expensive and common imaging technology. The good echogenic properties of Cy-SPIONs in water and in whole blood are shown, both in vitro and in a phantom vein for bloodstream simulations. Our results open up a new scenario for future applications of cystine-functionalized SPIONs as immune-compatible ultrasound and MRI contrast agents.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":43554782,"asset_id":23049343,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":12756861,"first_name":"Massimiliano","last_name":"Peana","domain_name":"uniss","page_name":"MassimilianoPeana","display_name":"Massimiliano Peana","profile_url":"https://uniss.academia.edu/MassimilianoPeana?f_ri=13748","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/12756861/3790296/23101296/s65_massimiliano.peana.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1249,"name":"Medical Imaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Imaging?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true},{"id":13621,"name":"Nanoparticles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nanoparticles?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true},{"id":13748,"name":"Contrast Agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contrast_Agents?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true},{"id":47402,"name":"Nanotoxicology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nanotoxicology?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true},{"id":90702,"name":"Ultrasonography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ultrasonography?f_ri=13748"},{"id":405477,"name":"Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Superparamagnetic_Iron_Oxide?f_ri=13748"},{"id":840620,"name":"Iron Oxide Nanoparticle","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iron_Oxide_Nanoparticle?f_ri=13748"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_18089780" data-work_id="18089780" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/18089780/Design_of_water_based_ferrofluids_as_contrast_agents_for_magnetic_resonance_imaging">Design of water-based ferrofluids as contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">We report the synthesis, characterization and relaxometric study of ferrofluids based on iron oxide, with potential for use as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents (CAs). The effect of different costeffective, water-based... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_18089780" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">We report the synthesis, characterization and relaxometric study of ferrofluids based on iron oxide, with potential for use as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents (CAs). The effect of different costeffective, water-based surface modification approaches which can be easily scaled-up for the large scale synthesis of the ferrofluids has been investigated. Surface modification was achieved by silanization, and/ or coating with non-toxic commercial dispersants (a lauric polysorbate and a block copolymer with pigment affinic groups, namely Tween 20 and Disperbyk 190) which were added after or during iron oxide nanoparticle synthesis. It was observed that all the materials synthesized functioned as negative contrast agents at physiological temperature and at frequencies covered by clinical imagers. The relaxometric properties of the magnetic nanoparticles were significantly improved after surface coating with stabilizers compared to the original iron oxide nanoparticles, with particular reference to the silica-coated magnetic nanoparticles. The results indicate that the optimization of the preparation of colloidal magnetic ferrofluids by surface modification is effective in the design of novel contrast agents for MRI by enabling better or more effective interaction between the coated iron oxide nanoparticles and protons present in their aqueous environment.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/18089780" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2a86d8d4578a2348c5ff58632bbbb456" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":39869991,"asset_id":18089780,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/39869991/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwNjc4NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="37929963" href="https://unimi.academia.edu/PaoloArosio">Paolo Arosio</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="37929963" type="text/json">{"id":37929963,"first_name":"Paolo","last_name":"Arosio","domain_name":"unimi","page_name":"PaoloArosio","display_name":"Paolo Arosio","profile_url":"https://unimi.academia.edu/PaoloArosio?f_ri=13748","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_18089780 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="18089780"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 18089780, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_18089780", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_18089780 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 18089780; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_18089780"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_18089780 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="18089780"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 18089780; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=18089780]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_18089780").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_18089780").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="18089780"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8928" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/MRI">MRI</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8928" type="text/json">{"id":8928,"name":"MRI","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/MRI?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="13621" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nanoparticles">Nanoparticles</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="13621" type="text/json">{"id":13621,"name":"Nanoparticles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nanoparticles?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="13748" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contrast_Agents">Contrast Agents</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="13748" type="text/json">{"id":13748,"name":"Contrast Agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contrast_Agents?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="510090" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetism_and_Magnetic_Materials">Magnetism and Magnetic Materials</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="510090" type="text/json">{"id":510090,"name":"Magnetism and Magnetic Materials","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetism_and_Magnetic_Materials?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=18089780]'), work: {"id":18089780,"title":"Design of water-based ferrofluids as contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging","created_at":"2015-11-10T08:11:32.601-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/18089780/Design_of_water_based_ferrofluids_as_contrast_agents_for_magnetic_resonance_imaging?f_ri=13748","dom_id":"work_18089780","summary":"We report the synthesis, characterization and relaxometric study of ferrofluids based on iron oxide, with potential for use as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents (CAs). The effect of different costeffective, water-based surface modification approaches which can be easily scaled-up for the large scale synthesis of the ferrofluids has been investigated. Surface modification was achieved by silanization, and/ or coating with non-toxic commercial dispersants (a lauric polysorbate and a block copolymer with pigment affinic groups, namely Tween 20 and Disperbyk 190) which were added after or during iron oxide nanoparticle synthesis. It was observed that all the materials synthesized functioned as negative contrast agents at physiological temperature and at frequencies covered by clinical imagers. The relaxometric properties of the magnetic nanoparticles were significantly improved after surface coating with stabilizers compared to the original iron oxide nanoparticles, with particular reference to the silica-coated magnetic nanoparticles. The results indicate that the optimization of the preparation of colloidal magnetic ferrofluids by surface modification is effective in the design of novel contrast agents for MRI by enabling better or more effective interaction between the coated iron oxide nanoparticles and protons present in their aqueous environment.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":39869991,"asset_id":18089780,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":37929963,"first_name":"Paolo","last_name":"Arosio","domain_name":"unimi","page_name":"PaoloArosio","display_name":"Paolo Arosio","profile_url":"https://unimi.academia.edu/PaoloArosio?f_ri=13748","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":8928,"name":"MRI","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/MRI?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true},{"id":13621,"name":"Nanoparticles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nanoparticles?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true},{"id":13748,"name":"Contrast Agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contrast_Agents?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true},{"id":510090,"name":"Magnetism and Magnetic Materials","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetism_and_Magnetic_Materials?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_7098601" data-work_id="7098601" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/7098601/High_Relaxivity_and_Stability_of_a_Hydroxyquinolinate_Based_Tripodal_Monoaquagadolinium_Complex_for_Use_as_a_Bimodal_MRI_Optical_Imaging_Agent">High Relaxivity and Stability of a Hydroxyquinolinate-Based Tripodal Monoaquagadolinium Complex for Use as a Bimodal MRI/Optical Imaging Agent</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">An octadentate ligand based on triazacyclononane and 8-hydroxyquinolinate/phenolate binding units leads to very soluble, highly stable lanthanide complexes. The monoaquagadolinium complex shows a high relaxivity as a result of the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_7098601" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">An octadentate ligand based on triazacyclononane and 8-hydroxyquinolinate/phenolate binding units leads to very soluble, highly stable lanthanide complexes. The monoaquagadolinium complex shows a high relaxivity as a result of the unusually long rotational correlation time, fast water exchange rate, and slow electronic relaxation. The ligand also acts as sensitizer of the near-IR luminescence emission of the Yb and Nd ions. It appears as an excellent candidate for use as a bimodal imaging agent.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/7098601" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8b8e6792379208b4c2b5ba2686a21c8e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":33742748,"asset_id":7098601,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/33742748/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwNjc4NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="12197574" href="https://independent.academia.edu/GaylordTallec">Gaylord Tallec</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="12197574" type="text/json">{"id":12197574,"first_name":"Gaylord","last_name":"Tallec","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"GaylordTallec","display_name":"Gaylord Tallec","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GaylordTallec?f_ri=13748","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/12197574/3643492/4281877/s65_gaylord.tallec.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_7098601 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="7098601"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 7098601, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_7098601", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=7098601]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_7098601").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_7098601").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="7098601"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="523" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry">Chemistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="523" type="text/json">{"id":523,"name":"Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="530" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Inorganic_Chemistry">Inorganic Chemistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="530" type="text/json">{"id":530,"name":"Inorganic Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Inorganic_Chemistry?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="13748" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contrast_Agents">Contrast Agents</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="13748" type="text/json">{"id":13748,"name":"Contrast Agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contrast_Agents?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16216" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lanthanide">Lanthanide</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="16216" type="text/json">{"id":16216,"name":"Lanthanide","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lanthanide?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=7098601]'), work: {"id":7098601,"title":"High Relaxivity and Stability of a Hydroxyquinolinate-Based Tripodal Monoaquagadolinium Complex for Use as a Bimodal MRI/Optical Imaging Agent","created_at":"2014-05-19T21:11:14.987-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/7098601/High_Relaxivity_and_Stability_of_a_Hydroxyquinolinate_Based_Tripodal_Monoaquagadolinium_Complex_for_Use_as_a_Bimodal_MRI_Optical_Imaging_Agent?f_ri=13748","dom_id":"work_7098601","summary":"An octadentate ligand based on triazacyclononane and 8-hydroxyquinolinate/phenolate binding units leads to very soluble, highly stable lanthanide complexes. The monoaquagadolinium complex shows a high relaxivity as a result of the unusually long rotational correlation time, fast water exchange rate, and slow electronic relaxation. The ligand also acts as sensitizer of the near-IR luminescence emission of the Yb and Nd ions. It appears as an excellent candidate for use as a bimodal imaging agent.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":33742748,"asset_id":7098601,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":12197574,"first_name":"Gaylord","last_name":"Tallec","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"GaylordTallec","display_name":"Gaylord Tallec","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GaylordTallec?f_ri=13748","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/12197574/3643492/4281877/s65_gaylord.tallec.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":523,"name":"Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true},{"id":530,"name":"Inorganic Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Inorganic_Chemistry?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true},{"id":13748,"name":"Contrast Agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contrast_Agents?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true},{"id":16216,"name":"Lanthanide","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lanthanide?f_ri=13748","nofollow":true},{"id":142159,"name":"Luminescence of lanthanide ions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Luminescence_of_lanthanide_ions?f_ri=13748"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_684183" data-work_id="684183" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/684183/High_Field_Dynamic_Nuclear_Polarization_with_High_Spin_Transition_Metal_Ions">High-Field Dynamic Nuclear Polarization with High-Spin Transition Metal Ions</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">We report the dynamic nuclear polarization of 1H spins in magic-angle-spinning spectra recorded at 5 T and 84 K via the solid effect using Mn2+ and Gd3+ complexes as polarizing agents. We show that the magnitude of the enhancements can be... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_684183" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">We report the dynamic nuclear polarization of 1H spins in magic-angle-spinning spectra recorded at 5 T and 84 K via the solid effect using Mn2+ and Gd3+ complexes as polarizing agents. We show that the magnitude of the enhancements can be directly related to the effective line width of the central (mS = −1/2 → +1/2) EPR transition. Using a Gd3+ complex with a narrow central transition EPR line width of 29 MHz, we observed a maximum enhancement of 13, which is comparable to previous results on the narrow-line-width trityl radical.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/684183" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="163937" href="https://uni-frankfurt.academia.edu/BjoernCorzilius">Björn Corzilius</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="163937" type="text/json">{"id":163937,"first_name":"Björn","last_name":"Corzilius","domain_name":"uni-frankfurt","page_name":"BjoernCorzilius","display_name":"Björn Corzilius","profile_url":"https://uni-frankfurt.academia.edu/BjoernCorzilius?f_ri=13748","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_684183 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="684183"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 684183, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_684183", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_684183 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 684183; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_684183"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_684183 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="684183"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 684183; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); 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We show that the magnitude of the enhancements can be directly related to the effective line width of the central (mS = −1/2 → +1/2) EPR transition. 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