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overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; -webkit-line-clamp: 3; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; }</style><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><div class="u-floatLeft"><h1 class="PageHeader-title u-m0x u-fs30">Ottoman History</h1><div class="u-tcGrayDark">121,020 Followers</div><div class="u-tcGrayDark u-mt2x">Recent papers in <b>Ottoman History</b></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="TabbedNavigation"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><ul class="nav u-m0x u-p0x list-inline u-displayFlex"><li class="active"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_History">Top Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_History/MostCited">Most Cited Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_History/MostDownloaded">Most Downloaded Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_History/MostRecent">Newest Papers</a></li><li><a class="" href="https://www.academia.edu/People/Ottoman_History">People</a></li></ul></div><style type="text/css">ul.nav{flex-direction:row}@media(max-width: 567px){ul.nav{flex-direction:column}.TabbedNavigation li{max-width:100%}.TabbedNavigation li.active{background-color:var(--background-grey, #dddde2)}.TabbedNavigation li.active:before,.TabbedNavigation li.active:after{display:none}}</style></div></div></div><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12"><div class="u-displayFlex"><div class="u-flexGrow1"><div class="works"><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_31827791" data-work_id="31827791" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/31827791/The_Harvard_Expedition_to_Samaria_A_Story_of_Twists_and_Turns_in_the_Opening_Season_of_1908">The Harvard Expedition to Samaria: A Story of Twists and Turns in the Opening Season of 1908</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The previously unpublished field diaries of the principal leaders involved in the first season of the Harvard Expedition to Samaria are held by the University's Semitic Museum. The narrative they contain sheds light on the organization... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_31827791" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The previously unpublished field diaries of the principal leaders involved in the first season of the Harvard Expedition to Samaria are held by the University's Semitic Museum. The narrative they contain sheds light on the organization and archaeological techniques applied at the site and gives some context to the much acclaimed final publication of the excavations (Reisner, Fisher & Lyon, 1924).</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/31827791" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5521fb3da01a6d7866d35b38438b0e02" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":52122260,"asset_id":31827791,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/52122260/download_file?st=MTczMjUyMTc4NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="20462274" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RonTappy">Ron Tappy</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="20462274" type="text/json">{"id":20462274,"first_name":"Ron","last_name":"Tappy","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RonTappy","display_name":"Ron Tappy","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RonTappy?f_ri=1187","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/20462274/5816880/6609752/s65_ron.tappy.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_31827791 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="31827791"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 31827791, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_31827791", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=31827791]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_31827791").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_31827791").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="31827791"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="392" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology">Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="392" type="text/json">{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1187" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_History">Ottoman History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1187" type="text/json">{"id":1187,"name":"Ottoman History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_History?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3786" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology_of_Ancient_Israel">Archaeology of Ancient Israel</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3786" type="text/json">{"id":3786,"name":"Archaeology of Ancient Israel","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology_of_Ancient_Israel?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15263" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/First_World_War">First World War</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="15263" type="text/json">{"id":15263,"name":"First World War","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/First_World_War?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=31827791]'), work: {"id":31827791,"title":"The Harvard Expedition to Samaria: A Story of Twists and Turns in the Opening Season of 1908","created_at":"2017-03-12T05:09:21.562-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/31827791/The_Harvard_Expedition_to_Samaria_A_Story_of_Twists_and_Turns_in_the_Opening_Season_of_1908?f_ri=1187","dom_id":"work_31827791","summary":"The previously unpublished field diaries of the principal leaders involved in the first season of the Harvard Expedition to Samaria are held by the University's Semitic Museum. 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Fisher","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clarence_S._Fisher?f_ri=1187"},{"id":195817,"name":"Harvard University","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Harvard_University?f_ri=1187"},{"id":973588,"name":"Ancient Samaria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Samaria?f_ri=1187"},{"id":2657398,"name":"Harvard Semitic Museum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Harvard_Semitic_Museum?f_ri=1187"},{"id":2657399,"name":"Gottlieb Schumacher","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gottlieb_Schumacher?f_ri=1187"},{"id":2657400,"name":"David Gordon Lyon","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/David_Gordon_Lyon?f_ri=1187"},{"id":2657401,"name":"Jacob Henry Schiff","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jacob_Henry_Schiff?f_ri=1187"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_49041834" data-work_id="49041834" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/49041834/Tamir_Karkason_Between_Two_Poles_Barukh_Mitrani_between_Moderate_Haskalah_and_Jewish_Nationalism_Zutot_Perspectives_on_Jewish_Culture_18_2021_108_118">Tamir Karkason, “Between Two Poles: Barukh Mitrani between Moderate Haskalah and Jewish Nationalism,” Zutot: Perspectives on Jewish Culture 18 (2021): 108-118</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Barukh Mitrani was an Ottoman maskil who wandered between the Balkans, Istanbul and Palestine. While living in Edirne, Mitrani established his first periodical, Carmi (Pressburg 1881). Carmi's issues were an ongoing maskilic sermon,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_49041834" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Barukh Mitrani was an Ottoman maskil who wandered between the Balkans, Istanbul and Palestine. While living in Edirne, Mitrani established his first periodical, Carmi (Pressburg 1881). Carmi's issues were an ongoing maskilic sermon, drawing on a deep acquaintance with the Jewish bookshelf. This paper examines selections from the fifth article in Carmi, 'Our Nationhood.' Influenced by the moderate Haskalah, Mitrani idealized a 'Golden Mean,' which sought to balance the agendas of 'the two poles': insular Ultra-Orthodox Jews on the one hand, and secularized 'Westernizers' on the other. Mitrani also espoused a Jewish nationalism which had affinities with the Hebrew 'republic of letters' and the national resurgence in the Balkans. He perceived every Jew as part of three circles: the individual, the family, and the nation. Yet his nationalism was not separatist; he obliged Jews to remain loyal Ottoman citizens and promote the Sultanate while also settling in Palestine.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/49041834" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ca7ca60b1e9e84359667584ebd49138a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":88971462,"asset_id":49041834,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/88971462/download_file?st=MTczMjUyMTc4NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="5955831" href="https://uni-halle.academia.edu/TamirKarkason">Tamir Karkason</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="5955831" type="text/json">{"id":5955831,"first_name":"Tamir","last_name":"Karkason","domain_name":"uni-halle","page_name":"TamirKarkason","display_name":"Tamir Karkason","profile_url":"https://uni-halle.academia.edu/TamirKarkason?f_ri=1187","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5955831/2530436/92310134/s65_tamir.karkason.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_49041834 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="49041834"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 49041834, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_49041834", }); 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While living in Edirne, Mitrani established his first periodical, Carmi (Pressburg 1881). Carmi's issues were an ongoing maskilic sermon, drawing on a deep acquaintance with the Jewish bookshelf. This paper examines selections from the fifth article in Carmi, 'Our Nationhood.' Influenced by the moderate Haskalah, Mitrani idealized a 'Golden Mean,' which sought to balance the agendas of 'the two poles': insular Ultra-Orthodox Jews on the one hand, and secularized 'Westernizers' on the other. Mitrani also espoused a Jewish nationalism which had affinities with the Hebrew 'republic of letters' and the national resurgence in the Balkans. He perceived every Jew as part of three circles: the individual, the family, and the nation. Yet his nationalism was not separatist; he obliged Jews to remain loyal Ottoman citizens and promote the Sultanate while also settling in Palestine.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":88971462,"asset_id":49041834,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false},{"id":67426030,"asset_id":49041834,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":5955831,"first_name":"Tamir","last_name":"Karkason","domain_name":"uni-halle","page_name":"TamirKarkason","display_name":"Tamir Karkason","profile_url":"https://uni-halle.academia.edu/TamirKarkason?f_ri=1187","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5955831/2530436/92310134/s65_tamir.karkason.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1187,"name":"Ottoman History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_History?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false},{"id":24001,"name":"Sephardic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sephardic_Studies?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false},{"id":42371,"name":"Israel and Zionism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Israel_and_Zionism?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_19684663" data-work_id="19684663" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/19684663/Die_Sesseltr%C3%A4ger_des_Kurf%C3%BCrsten_Muslimisch_osmanische_Gefangene_aus_dem_Osmanischen_Reich_als_religi%C3%B6se_Minderheit_im_M%C3%BCnchen_des_sp%C3%A4ten_17_Jahrhunderts">Die Sesselträger des Kurfürsten: Muslimisch-osmanische Gefangene aus dem Osmanischen Reich als religiöse Minderheit im München des späten 17. Jahrhunderts</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">In: Piltz, Eric/Schwerhoff, Gerd (Hrsg.), Gottlosigkeit und Eigensinn. Religiöse Devianz im konfessionellen Zeitalter (ZHF Beiheft 51), Berlin 2015, S. 387-411 (Auszug)</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/19684663" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ee67697ae5f0cf9f1089fa8b8559231d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":40781935,"asset_id":19684663,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40781935/download_file?st=MTczMjUyMTc4NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="184751" href="https://uni-muenster.academia.edu/ManjaQuakatz">Manja Quakatz</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="184751" type="text/json">{"id":184751,"first_name":"Manja","last_name":"Quakatz","domain_name":"uni-muenster","page_name":"ManjaQuakatz","display_name":"Manja Quakatz","profile_url":"https://uni-muenster.academia.edu/ManjaQuakatz?f_ri=1187","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/184751/62881/68845/s65_manja.quakatz.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_19684663 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="19684663"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 19684663, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_19684663", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=19684663]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_19684663").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_19684663").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="19684663"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1187" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_History">Ottoman History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1187" type="text/json">{"id":1187,"name":"Ottoman History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_History?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4130" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Modern_Captivity">Early Modern Captivity</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4130" type="text/json">{"id":4130,"name":"Early Modern Captivity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Modern_Captivity?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="13120" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prisoners_of_War">Prisoners of War</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="13120" type="text/json">{"id":13120,"name":"Prisoners of War","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prisoners_of_War?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15129" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_modern_Ottoman_History">Early modern Ottoman History</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="15129" type="text/json">{"id":15129,"name":"Early modern Ottoman History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_modern_Ottoman_History?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=19684663]'), work: {"id":19684663,"title":"Die Sesselträger des Kurfürsten: Muslimisch-osmanische Gefangene aus dem Osmanischen Reich als religiöse Minderheit im München des späten 17. Jahrhunderts","created_at":"2015-12-16T02:40:03.422-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/19684663/Die_Sesseltr%C3%A4ger_des_Kurf%C3%BCrsten_Muslimisch_osmanische_Gefangene_aus_dem_Osmanischen_Reich_als_religi%C3%B6se_Minderheit_im_M%C3%BCnchen_des_sp%C3%A4ten_17_Jahrhunderts?f_ri=1187","dom_id":"work_19684663","summary":"In: Piltz, Eric/Schwerhoff, Gerd (Hrsg.), Gottlosigkeit und Eigensinn. Religiöse Devianz im konfessionellen Zeitalter (ZHF Beiheft 51), Berlin 2015, S. 387-411 (Auszug)","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":40781935,"asset_id":19684663,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":184751,"first_name":"Manja","last_name":"Quakatz","domain_name":"uni-muenster","page_name":"ManjaQuakatz","display_name":"Manja Quakatz","profile_url":"https://uni-muenster.academia.edu/ManjaQuakatz?f_ri=1187","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/184751/62881/68845/s65_manja.quakatz.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1187,"name":"Ottoman History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_History?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false},{"id":4130,"name":"Early Modern Captivity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Modern_Captivity?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false},{"id":13120,"name":"Prisoners of War","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prisoners_of_War?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false},{"id":15129,"name":"Early modern Ottoman History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_modern_Ottoman_History?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false},{"id":75192,"name":"Bavarian History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bavarian_History?f_ri=1187"},{"id":432729,"name":"Unfree Labor","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Unfree_Labor?f_ri=1187"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_22368189" data-work_id="22368189" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/22368189/_The_Fall_of_the_Ottomans_de_Eugene_Rogan">"The Fall of the Ottomans" de Eugene Rogan</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/22368189" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b8ea28ce88a32eaecdf028261da68aab" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":42996424,"asset_id":22368189,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42996424/download_file?st=MTczMjUyMTc4NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="16501420" href="https://ufm.academia.edu/AlbertoGarin">Alberto Garin</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="16501420" type="text/json">{"id":16501420,"first_name":"Alberto","last_name":"Garin","domain_name":"ufm","page_name":"AlbertoGarin","display_name":"Alberto Garin","profile_url":"https://ufm.academia.edu/AlbertoGarin?f_ri=1187","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/16501420/4499617/10792365/s65_alberto.garin.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_22368189 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="22368189"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 22368189, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_22368189", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=22368189]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_22368189").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_22368189").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="22368189"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1187" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_History">Ottoman History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1187" type="text/json">{"id":1187,"name":"Ottoman History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_History?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15263" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/First_World_War">First World War</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="15263" type="text/json">{"id":15263,"name":"First World War","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/First_World_War?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=22368189]'), work: {"id":22368189,"title":"\"The Fall of the Ottomans\" de Eugene Rogan","created_at":"2016-02-23T18:57:01.482-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/22368189/_The_Fall_of_the_Ottomans_de_Eugene_Rogan?f_ri=1187","dom_id":"work_22368189","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":42996424,"asset_id":22368189,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":16501420,"first_name":"Alberto","last_name":"Garin","domain_name":"ufm","page_name":"AlbertoGarin","display_name":"Alberto Garin","profile_url":"https://ufm.academia.edu/AlbertoGarin?f_ri=1187","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/16501420/4499617/10792365/s65_alberto.garin.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1187,"name":"Ottoman History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_History?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false},{"id":15263,"name":"First World War","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/First_World_War?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_38802288" data-work_id="38802288" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/38802288/Remains_of_Ottoman_buildings_in_the_city_of_al_Ludd">Remains of Ottoman buildings in the city of al-Ludd</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The location of the city of al-Ludd, between the lowlands and the coastal plain, made it an attractive settlement site through the ages. This location brought with it, on the one hand, a fertile catchment area and on the other, caravans... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_38802288" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The location of the city of al-Ludd, between the lowlands and the coastal plain, made it an attractive settlement site through the ages. This location brought with it, on the one hand, a fertile catchment area and on the other, caravans looking for a safe inland route. The last settlement phase that resulted in the medieval town was extant until the mid-twentieth century, whence it was demolished leaving only a dozen buildings standing. Those remains are the starting point for this study in which we discuss topics such as shrines, sheikhs' tombs, the soap industry and public bath, presented here as part of a preliminary survey that lays the ground for further discussion of the town's urban dynamics.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/38802288" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="49b0dedb9cfeca1aad94b2f1af5f01f8" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":58893550,"asset_id":38802288,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58893550/download_file?st=MTczMjUyMTc4NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2633127" href="https://huji.academia.edu/tawfiqdaadli">Tawfiq Da'adli توفيق دعادله</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2633127" type="text/json">{"id":2633127,"first_name":"Tawfiq","last_name":"Da'adli توفيق دعادله","domain_name":"huji","page_name":"tawfiqdaadli","display_name":"Tawfiq Da'adli توفيق دعادله","profile_url":"https://huji.academia.edu/tawfiqdaadli?f_ri=1187","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2633127/11197271/150699986/s65_tawfiq.da_adli_.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_38802288 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="38802288"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38802288, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_38802288", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38802288]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_38802288").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_38802288").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="38802288"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1187" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_History">Ottoman History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1187" type="text/json">{"id":1187,"name":"Ottoman History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_History?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6693" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Palestine">Palestine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6693" type="text/json">{"id":6693,"name":"Palestine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Palestine?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11152" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sufism">Sufism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11152" type="text/json">{"id":11152,"name":"Sufism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sufism?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="142723" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_art_and_architecture">Islamic art and architecture</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="142723" type="text/json">{"id":142723,"name":"Islamic art and architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_art_and_architecture?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=38802288]'), work: {"id":38802288,"title":"Remains of Ottoman buildings in the city of al-Ludd","created_at":"2019-04-14T01:03:58.894-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/38802288/Remains_of_Ottoman_buildings_in_the_city_of_al_Ludd?f_ri=1187","dom_id":"work_38802288","summary":"The location of the city of al-Ludd, between the lowlands and the coastal plain, made it an attractive settlement site through the ages. This location brought with it, on the one hand, a fertile catchment area and on the other, caravans looking for a safe inland route. The last settlement phase that resulted in the medieval town was extant until the mid-twentieth century, whence it was demolished leaving only a dozen buildings standing. Those remains are the starting point for this study in which we discuss topics such as shrines, sheikhs' tombs, the soap industry and public bath, presented here as part of a preliminary survey that lays the ground for further discussion of the town's urban dynamics.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":58893550,"asset_id":38802288,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2633127,"first_name":"Tawfiq","last_name":"Da'adli توفيق دعادله","domain_name":"huji","page_name":"tawfiqdaadli","display_name":"Tawfiq Da'adli توفيق دعادله","profile_url":"https://huji.academia.edu/tawfiqdaadli?f_ri=1187","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2633127/11197271/150699986/s65_tawfiq.da_adli_.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1187,"name":"Ottoman History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_History?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false},{"id":6693,"name":"Palestine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Palestine?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false},{"id":11152,"name":"Sufism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sufism?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false},{"id":142723,"name":"Islamic art and architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_art_and_architecture?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_38606479 coauthored" data-work_id="38606479" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/38606479/%D0%94%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%91%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B8_%D0%B1%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5_%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8_%D0%A5%D0%86%D0%86%D0%86_%D0%A5V_%D0%B2_%D1%82_%D0%86%D0%86_1407_1505_%D0%B3_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F_2018">Дубровнишки документи за историята на България и българските земи ХІІІ-ХV в. т. ІІ (1407-1505 г.). София 2018.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Том 2 на Дубровнишки документи за историята на България и българските земи обхваща 115 документи за периода 1407-1505 г. от Дубровнишкия архив, както и допълнителни 9 документа от други архиви, отнасящи се за отношенията на Дубровнишката... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_38606479" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Том 2 на Дубровнишки документи за историята на България и българските земи обхваща 115 документи за периода 1407-1505 г. от Дубровнишкия архив, както и допълнителни 9 документа от други архиви, отнасящи се за отношенията на Дубровнишката република, Османската империя и Балканите.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/38606479" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="16a23830651f9c6741b03b1d14256a8c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":58681951,"asset_id":38606479,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58681951/download_file?st=MTczMjUyMTc4NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3219424" href="https://uni-sofia.academia.edu/SimeonHinkovski">Simeon Hinkovski</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3219424" type="text/json">{"id":3219424,"first_name":"Simeon","last_name":"Hinkovski","domain_name":"uni-sofia","page_name":"SimeonHinkovski","display_name":"Simeon Hinkovski","profile_url":"https://uni-sofia.academia.edu/SimeonHinkovski?f_ri=1187","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3219424/1058889/15075047/s65_simeon.hinkovski.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-38606479">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-38606479"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://bas.academia.edu/ElenaKostova">Elena Kostova</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-38606479'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-38606479').html(); 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ІІ (1407-1505 г.). София 2018.","created_at":"2019-03-22T06:47:57.904-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/38606479/%D0%94%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%91%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B8_%D0%B1%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5_%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8_%D0%A5%D0%86%D0%86%D0%86_%D0%A5V_%D0%B2_%D1%82_%D0%86%D0%86_1407_1505_%D0%B3_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F_2018?f_ri=1187","dom_id":"work_38606479","summary":"Том 2 на Дубровнишки документи за историята на България и българските земи обхваща 115 документи за периода 1407-1505 г. от Дубровнишкия архив, както и допълнителни 9 документа от други архиви, отнасящи се за отношенията на Дубровнишката република, Османската империя и Балканите. 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In Australia and the Great War: Identity, Memory and Mythology. Ed. by MJK. Walsh and A. Varnava. 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Language Legitimacy and Ladino Translation","created_at":"2016-04-30T23:16:42.670-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/24912807/A_Rich_Language_or_a_Bastard_Tongue_Language_Legitimacy_and_Ladino_Translation?f_ri=1187","dom_id":"work_24912807","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45240403,"asset_id":24912807,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":5692648,"first_name":"Devin","last_name":"Naar","domain_name":"washington","page_name":"DevinNaar","display_name":"Devin Naar","profile_url":"https://washington.academia.edu/DevinNaar?f_ri=1187","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5692648/2828402/3301417/s65_devin.naar.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":983,"name":"Jewish Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jewish_Studies?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false},{"id":1186,"name":"Translation Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Translation_Studies?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false},{"id":1187,"name":"Ottoman History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_History?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false},{"id":1200,"name":"Languages and Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Languages_and_Linguistics?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false},{"id":6627,"name":"Jewish History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jewish_History?f_ri=1187"},{"id":8122,"name":"Ottoman Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_Studies?f_ri=1187"},{"id":11208,"name":"Ottoman Empire","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_Empire?f_ri=1187"},{"id":15290,"name":"Ottoman Balkans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_Balkans?f_ri=1187"},{"id":24001,"name":"Sephardic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sephardic_Studies?f_ri=1187"},{"id":29774,"name":"Sephardi/Mizrahi Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sephardi_Mizrahi_Studies?f_ri=1187"},{"id":30347,"name":"Translation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Translation?f_ri=1187"},{"id":146379,"name":"Judeo-Spanish (Ladino) language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Judeo-Spanish_Ladino_language?f_ri=1187"},{"id":316032,"name":"Ladino (Judeo-Spanish) Language and Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ladino_Judeo-Spanish_Language_and_Literature?f_ri=1187"},{"id":430603,"name":"Sephardic culture, Sephardic history, Ladino","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sephardic_culture_Sephardic_history_Ladino?f_ri=1187"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_21786506" data-work_id="21786506" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/21786506/87_5_Numaral%C4%B1_Rusya_Ahkam_Defterinin_Transkripsiyon_ve_%C4%B0ncelenmesi_S_1_95">87/5 Numaralı Rusya Ahkam Defteri'nin Transkripsiyon ve İncelenmesi S. 1-95</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">[ÖZKAN, Murat]. [87/5 Numaralı Rusya Ahkam Defterinin Transkripsiyon ve İncelenmesi (s. 1-95)], [Yüksek Lisans Tezi], Ordu, [2012]. Osmanlı Devleti ile Rusya arasındaki tarihi münasebetler başlangıcından itibaren pek dostane olmamıştır.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_21786506" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">[ÖZKAN, Murat]. [87/5 Numaralı Rusya Ahkam Defterinin Transkripsiyon ve İncelenmesi (s. 1-95)], [Yüksek Lisans Tezi], Ordu, [2012].<br />Osmanlı Devleti ile Rusya arasındaki tarihi münasebetler başlangıcından itibaren pek dostane olmamıştır. Osmanlı Devleti'nin gerileme dönemi Rusya'nın genişleme ve güçlenme dönemidir. Rusya 1700'lerden itibaren Osmanlı Devleti'nin ciddi bir rakibidir. Kuzeyden gelen bu yeni tehdit iki devlet arasında büyük mücadelelerin yaşanmasıyla sonuçlanmış, Rusya'nın üstünlüğü ilerleyen dönemlerde bariz bir hal almıştır. Bu mücadeleler sonrasında yapılan barış antlaşmalarında iki devlet arasındaki ticarete dair hususlar bu rekabetin ekonomik boyutunu ortaya koymaktadır.<br />Osmanlı Devleti'nin Avrupa devletlerine “imtiyaz-ı mahsusa” adı altında verdiği haklar zamanla kapitülasyon haline dönüşmüştür. Bu çerçevede Ruslar diğer Avrupa devletlerine bahşedilen imtiyazlardan yararlanmak için Osmanlı Devleti‟ne baskı yapmıştır. Belgrad Antlaşması'nda Osmanlı gemileriyle Karadeniz‟de ticaret yapma hakkını elde eden Ruslar, Küçük Kaynarca Antlaşması ile de kendi gemileriyle Karadeniz'de ve boğazlarda serbest ticaret yapma hakkını elde etmiştir. Kırım'ı da işgal eden Ruslar Karadeniz'deki hâkimiyetlerini tamamen pekiştirmiştir. İki devlet arasında 1783 yılında imzalanan Ticaret Muahedesi'yle ticaretin hangi Şartlarda yapılacağı kararlaştırılmıştır.<br />Osmanlı-Rus ilişkilerinin ihmal edilen konularından biri ticari ilişkilerdir. Bu çerçevede Osmanlı arşivlerinde bulunan Düvel-i Ecnebiye Defterleri tasnifinde bulunan Rusya Ahkam Defterleri önem arzetmektedir. Yaptığımız bu çalışma Rusya Ahkam Defterlerinden olan 87/5 Numaralı Rusya Ahkam Defteri'nin transkripsiyonundan ve değerlendirmesinden oluşmaktadır. Bu defter 1797-1800 yıllarında Osmanlı Devleti ve Rusya arasında başta ticaret olmak üzere, diplomatik, siyasi, sosyal ilişkilere ve ortaya çıkan sorunların antlaşmalar çerçevesinde halledilmesine dair hükümleri ihtiva etmektedir.<br />Anahtar Kelimeler: Osmanlı, Rusya, Ticaret, Karadeniz, Ahkam, İmtiyaz.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/21786506" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c527a543c5419a82af6216f05433df9a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":42550091,"asset_id":21786506,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42550091/download_file?st=MTczMjUyMTc4NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2751911" href="https://odu-tr.academia.edu/Murat%C3%96zkan">Murat Özkan</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2751911" type="text/json">{"id":2751911,"first_name":"Murat","last_name":"Özkan","domain_name":"odu-tr","page_name":"MuratÖzkan","display_name":"Murat Özkan","profile_url":"https://odu-tr.academia.edu/Murat%C3%96zkan?f_ri=1187","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2751911/979146/19680202/s65_murat._zkan.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_21786506 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="21786506"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 21786506, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_21786506", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=21786506]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_21786506").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_21786506").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="21786506"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="389" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Studies">Russian Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="389" type="text/json">{"id":389,"name":"Russian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Studies?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1187" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_History">Ottoman History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1187" type="text/json">{"id":1187,"name":"Ottoman History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_History?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15455" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_History">Russian History</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="15455" type="text/json">{"id":15455,"name":"Russian History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_History?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=21786506]'), work: {"id":21786506,"title":"87/5 Numaralı Rusya Ahkam Defteri'nin Transkripsiyon ve İncelenmesi S. 1-95","created_at":"2016-02-10T11:14:33.294-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/21786506/87_5_Numaral%C4%B1_Rusya_Ahkam_Defterinin_Transkripsiyon_ve_%C4%B0ncelenmesi_S_1_95?f_ri=1187","dom_id":"work_21786506","summary":"[ÖZKAN, Murat]. [87/5 Numaralı Rusya Ahkam Defterinin Transkripsiyon ve İncelenmesi (s. 1-95)], [Yüksek Lisans Tezi], Ordu, [2012].\nOsmanlı Devleti ile Rusya arasındaki tarihi münasebetler başlangıcından itibaren pek dostane olmamıştır. Osmanlı Devleti'nin gerileme dönemi Rusya'nın genişleme ve güçlenme dönemidir. Rusya 1700'lerden itibaren Osmanlı Devleti'nin ciddi bir rakibidir. Kuzeyden gelen bu yeni tehdit iki devlet arasında büyük mücadelelerin yaşanmasıyla sonuçlanmış, Rusya'nın üstünlüğü ilerleyen dönemlerde bariz bir hal almıştır. Bu mücadeleler sonrasında yapılan barış antlaşmalarında iki devlet arasındaki ticarete dair hususlar bu rekabetin ekonomik boyutunu ortaya koymaktadır.\nOsmanlı Devleti'nin Avrupa devletlerine “imtiyaz-ı mahsusa” adı altında verdiği haklar zamanla kapitülasyon haline dönüşmüştür. Bu çerçevede Ruslar diğer Avrupa devletlerine bahşedilen imtiyazlardan yararlanmak için Osmanlı Devleti‟ne baskı yapmıştır. Belgrad Antlaşması'nda Osmanlı gemileriyle Karadeniz‟de ticaret yapma hakkını elde eden Ruslar, Küçük Kaynarca Antlaşması ile de kendi gemileriyle Karadeniz'de ve boğazlarda serbest ticaret yapma hakkını elde etmiştir. Kırım'ı da işgal eden Ruslar Karadeniz'deki hâkimiyetlerini tamamen pekiştirmiştir. İki devlet arasında 1783 yılında imzalanan Ticaret Muahedesi'yle ticaretin hangi Şartlarda yapılacağı kararlaştırılmıştır.\nOsmanlı-Rus ilişkilerinin ihmal edilen konularından biri ticari ilişkilerdir. Bu çerçevede Osmanlı arşivlerinde bulunan Düvel-i Ecnebiye Defterleri tasnifinde bulunan Rusya Ahkam Defterleri önem arzetmektedir. Yaptığımız bu çalışma Rusya Ahkam Defterlerinden olan 87/5 Numaralı Rusya Ahkam Defteri'nin transkripsiyonundan ve değerlendirmesinden oluşmaktadır. Bu defter 1797-1800 yıllarında Osmanlı Devleti ve Rusya arasında başta ticaret olmak üzere, diplomatik, siyasi, sosyal ilişkilere ve ortaya çıkan sorunların antlaşmalar çerçevesinde halledilmesine dair hükümleri ihtiva etmektedir.\nAnahtar Kelimeler: Osmanlı, Rusya, Ticaret, Karadeniz, Ahkam, İmtiyaz.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":42550091,"asset_id":21786506,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2751911,"first_name":"Murat","last_name":"Özkan","domain_name":"odu-tr","page_name":"MuratÖzkan","display_name":"Murat Özkan","profile_url":"https://odu-tr.academia.edu/Murat%C3%96zkan?f_ri=1187","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2751911/979146/19680202/s65_murat._zkan.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":389,"name":"Russian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Studies?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false},{"id":1187,"name":"Ottoman History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_History?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false},{"id":15455,"name":"Russian History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_History?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_35477852" data-work_id="35477852" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/35477852/Faik_%C3%96kte_The_Tragedy_of_the_Turkish_Capital_Tax_Varl%C4%B1k_Vergisi_Facias%C4%B1_Translated_from_Turkish_by_Geoffrey_Cox_London_Croom_Helm_1987">Faik Ökte, The Tragedy of the Turkish Capital Tax [Varlık Vergisi Faciası]. Translated from Turkish by Geoffrey Cox. London: Croom Helm, 1987</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/35477852" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6e60d2e5ad49a1a49858875a9d9e8064" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":55340227,"asset_id":35477852,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/55340227/download_file?st=MTczMjUyMTc4NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="315271" href="https://bilgi.academia.edu/AyhanAktar">Ayhan Aktar</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="315271" type="text/json">{"id":315271,"first_name":"Ayhan","last_name":"Aktar","domain_name":"bilgi","page_name":"AyhanAktar","display_name":"Ayhan Aktar","profile_url":"https://bilgi.academia.edu/AyhanAktar?f_ri=1187","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/315271/63279/18617731/s65_ayhan.aktar.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_35477852 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="35477852"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 35477852, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_35477852", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=35477852]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_35477852").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_35477852").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="35477852"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1187" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_History">Ottoman History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1187" type="text/json">{"id":1187,"name":"Ottoman History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_History?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6610" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Turkish_Nationalism">Turkish Nationalism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6610" type="text/json">{"id":6610,"name":"Turkish Nationalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Turkish_Nationalism?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8122" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_Studies">Ottoman Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8122" type="text/json">{"id":8122,"name":"Ottoman Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_Studies?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8700" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Turkish_and_Middle_East_Studies">Turkish and Middle East Studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="8700" type="text/json">{"id":8700,"name":"Turkish and Middle East Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Turkish_and_Middle_East_Studies?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=35477852]'), work: {"id":35477852,"title":"Faik Ökte, The Tragedy of the Turkish Capital Tax [Varlık Vergisi Faciası]. Translated from Turkish by Geoffrey Cox. London: Croom Helm, 1987","created_at":"2017-12-20T06:50:14.538-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/35477852/Faik_%C3%96kte_The_Tragedy_of_the_Turkish_Capital_Tax_Varl%C4%B1k_Vergisi_Facias%C4%B1_Translated_from_Turkish_by_Geoffrey_Cox_London_Croom_Helm_1987?f_ri=1187","dom_id":"work_35477852","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":55340227,"asset_id":35477852,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":315271,"first_name":"Ayhan","last_name":"Aktar","domain_name":"bilgi","page_name":"AyhanAktar","display_name":"Ayhan Aktar","profile_url":"https://bilgi.academia.edu/AyhanAktar?f_ri=1187","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/315271/63279/18617731/s65_ayhan.aktar.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1187,"name":"Ottoman History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_History?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false},{"id":6610,"name":"Turkish Nationalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Turkish_Nationalism?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false},{"id":8122,"name":"Ottoman Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_Studies?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false},{"id":8700,"name":"Turkish and Middle East Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Turkish_and_Middle_East_Studies?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false},{"id":10966,"name":"Turkey","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Turkey?f_ri=1187"},{"id":11208,"name":"Ottoman Empire","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_Empire?f_ri=1187"},{"id":13009,"name":"Modern Greece","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modern_Greece?f_ri=1187"},{"id":17717,"name":"Turkish Foreign Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Turkish_Foreign_Policy?f_ri=1187"},{"id":18629,"name":"Late Ottoman Period","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Late_Ottoman_Period?f_ri=1187"},{"id":19675,"name":"Modern Turkey","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modern_Turkey?f_ri=1187"},{"id":22250,"name":"History of Turkish Republic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Turkish_Republic?f_ri=1187"},{"id":24001,"name":"Sephardic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sephardic_Studies?f_ri=1187"},{"id":24587,"name":"Minorities in Turkey","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Minorities_in_Turkey?f_ri=1187"},{"id":26754,"name":"History of Modern Turkey","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Modern_Turkey?f_ri=1187"},{"id":31467,"name":"Economic and Social History of the Ottoman Empire","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_and_Social_History_of_the_Ottoman_Empire?f_ri=1187"},{"id":37709,"name":"Armenian Genocide","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Armenian_Genocide?f_ri=1187"},{"id":41592,"name":"Turkish politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Turkish_politics-1?f_ri=1187"},{"id":63949,"name":"Ottoman Greeks","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_Greeks?f_ri=1187"},{"id":116929,"name":"Ottoman Armenians","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_Armenians?f_ri=1187"},{"id":332125,"name":"Sephardic Jews","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sephardic_Jews?f_ri=1187"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_50812629" data-work_id="50812629" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/50812629/Tarih_Nas%C4%B1l_Ara%C5%9Ft%C4%B1r%C4%B1l%C4%B1r">Tarih Nasıl Araştırılır?</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/50812629" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ee72d2c53d2287b630ceaf72dd056fbc" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":68678401,"asset_id":50812629,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/68678401/download_file?st=MTczMjUyMTc4NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="689655" href="https://marmaraedu.academia.edu/ErhanAfyoncu">Erhan Afyoncu</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="689655" type="text/json">{"id":689655,"first_name":"Erhan","last_name":"Afyoncu","domain_name":"marmaraedu","page_name":"ErhanAfyoncu","display_name":"Erhan Afyoncu","profile_url":"https://marmaraedu.academia.edu/ErhanAfyoncu?f_ri=1187","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/689655/11343384/50210587/s65_erhan.afyoncu.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_50812629 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="50812629"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 50812629, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_50812629", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_50812629 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 50812629; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_50812629"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_50812629 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="50812629"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 50812629; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=50812629]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_50812629").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_50812629").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="50812629"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1187" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_History">Ottoman History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1187" type="text/json">{"id":1187,"name":"Ottoman History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_History?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8122" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_Studies">Ottoman Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8122" type="text/json">{"id":8122,"name":"Ottoman Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_Studies?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11208" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_Empire">Ottoman Empire</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="11208" type="text/json">{"id":11208,"name":"Ottoman Empire","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_Empire?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=50812629]'), work: {"id":50812629,"title":"Tarih Nasıl Araştırılır?","created_at":"2021-08-09T23:22:58.057-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/50812629/Tarih_Nas%C4%B1l_Ara%C5%9Ft%C4%B1r%C4%B1l%C4%B1r?f_ri=1187","dom_id":"work_50812629","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":68678401,"asset_id":50812629,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":689655,"first_name":"Erhan","last_name":"Afyoncu","domain_name":"marmaraedu","page_name":"ErhanAfyoncu","display_name":"Erhan Afyoncu","profile_url":"https://marmaraedu.academia.edu/ErhanAfyoncu?f_ri=1187","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/689655/11343384/50210587/s65_erhan.afyoncu.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1187,"name":"Ottoman History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_History?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false},{"id":8122,"name":"Ottoman Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_Studies?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false},{"id":11208,"name":"Ottoman Empire","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_Empire?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_14415347" data-work_id="14415347" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14415347/Denari_in_loco_delle_terre_Imperial_Envoy_Gerard_Veltwijck_And_Habsburg_Policy_Towards_The_Ottoman_Empire_1545_1547">'Denari in loco delle terre...' Imperial Envoy Gerard Veltwijck And Habsburg Policy Towards The Ottoman Empire, 1545-1547</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This study concerns itself with the first Imperial Envoy Gerard Veltwijck (ca. 1500—1555), who negotiated with the Ottoman Sultan Süleymān. Using newly discovered as well as recently published sources, it will focus on the part this... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_14415347" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This study concerns itself with the first Imperial Envoy Gerard Veltwijck (ca. 1500—1555), who negotiated with the Ottoman Sultan Süleymān. Using newly discovered as well as recently published sources, it will focus on the part this diplomat of Charles V played in the negotiations with the Sublime Porte and on the considerable problems the French King and his representatives in Istanbul experienced during the talks. The Most Christian King thus became a victim of his ambivalent foreign policy while his alliance with the Sultan experienced a severe crisis. Finally, this study tries to demonstrate the impact of a diplomatic sojourn in the Levant for the envoy, as such a mission was very often followed by a considerable and far from only financial reward.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/14415347" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1ab756b8112f5cd602081840f8ba1f39" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":38306994,"asset_id":14415347,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38306994/download_file?st=MTczMjUyMTc4NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33355690" href="https://kuleuven.academia.edu/BartSeveri">Bart Severi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33355690" type="text/json">{"id":33355690,"first_name":"Bart","last_name":"Severi","domain_name":"kuleuven","page_name":"BartSeveri","display_name":"Bart Severi","profile_url":"https://kuleuven.academia.edu/BartSeveri?f_ri=1187","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/33355690/9873440/11006239/s65_bart.severi.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_14415347 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="14415347"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 14415347, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_14415347", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_14415347 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 14415347; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_14415347"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_14415347 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="14415347"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 14415347; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=14415347]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_14415347").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_14415347").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="14415347"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">19</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1187" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_History">Ottoman History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1187" type="text/json">{"id":1187,"name":"Ottoman History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_History?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1727" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Modern_History">Early Modern History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1727" type="text/json">{"id":1727,"name":"Early Modern History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Modern_History?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3337" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Balkan_Studies">Balkan Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3337" type="text/json">{"id":3337,"name":"Balkan Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Balkan_Studies?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3409" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Balkan_History">Balkan History</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3409" type="text/json">{"id":3409,"name":"Balkan History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Balkan_History?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=14415347]'), work: {"id":14415347,"title":"'Denari in loco delle terre...' Imperial Envoy Gerard Veltwijck And Habsburg Policy Towards The Ottoman Empire, 1545-1547","created_at":"2015-07-26T16:20:56.718-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/14415347/Denari_in_loco_delle_terre_Imperial_Envoy_Gerard_Veltwijck_And_Habsburg_Policy_Towards_The_Ottoman_Empire_1545_1547?f_ri=1187","dom_id":"work_14415347","summary":"This study concerns itself with the first Imperial Envoy Gerard Veltwijck (ca. 1500—1555), who negotiated with the Ottoman Sultan Süleymān. Using newly discovered as well as recently published sources, it will focus on the part this diplomat of Charles V played in the negotiations with the Sublime Porte and on the considerable problems the French King and his representatives in Istanbul experienced during the talks. The Most Christian King thus became a victim of his ambivalent foreign policy while his alliance with the Sultan experienced a severe crisis. Finally, this study tries to demonstrate the impact of a diplomatic sojourn in the Levant for the envoy, as such a mission was very often followed by a considerable and far from only financial reward.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":38306994,"asset_id":14415347,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33355690,"first_name":"Bart","last_name":"Severi","domain_name":"kuleuven","page_name":"BartSeveri","display_name":"Bart Severi","profile_url":"https://kuleuven.academia.edu/BartSeveri?f_ri=1187","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/33355690/9873440/11006239/s65_bart.severi.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1187,"name":"Ottoman History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_History?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false},{"id":1727,"name":"Early Modern History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Modern_History?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false},{"id":3337,"name":"Balkan Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Balkan_Studies?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false},{"id":3409,"name":"Balkan History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Balkan_History?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false},{"id":6633,"name":"Habsburg Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Habsburg_Studies?f_ri=1187"},{"id":7354,"name":"Early Modern Europe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Modern_Europe?f_ri=1187"},{"id":8122,"name":"Ottoman Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_Studies?f_ri=1187"},{"id":9099,"name":"Croatian History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Croatian_History?f_ri=1187"},{"id":9707,"name":"Diplomacy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diplomacy?f_ri=1187"},{"id":10451,"name":"Serbian history","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Serbian_history?f_ri=1187"},{"id":11180,"name":"History of Hungary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Hungary?f_ri=1187"},{"id":11208,"name":"Ottoman Empire","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_Empire?f_ri=1187"},{"id":15129,"name":"Early modern Ottoman History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_modern_Ottoman_History?f_ri=1187"},{"id":15289,"name":"Ottoman-Habsburg relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman-Habsburg_relations?f_ri=1187"},{"id":15290,"name":"Ottoman Balkans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_Balkans?f_ri=1187"},{"id":23228,"name":"Early Modern Hungarian History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Modern_Hungarian_History?f_ri=1187"},{"id":42064,"name":"Charles V","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Charles_V?f_ri=1187"},{"id":89536,"name":"Western Balkans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_Balkans?f_ri=1187"},{"id":298348,"name":"Osmanlı Tarihi","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Osmanl%C4%B1_Tarihi?f_ri=1187"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_26140249" data-work_id="26140249" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/26140249/Du_statut_de_r%C3%A9aya_%C3%A0_celui_de_citoyen_Lumi%C3%A8res_grecques_et_R%C3%A9volution_1750_1832">Du statut de réaya à celui de citoyen. Lumières grecques et Révolution, 1750-1832</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Cet texte est publie en anglais aux éditions ISIS-Istanbul et en grecque aux éditions KEDROS-Athènes (voir plus haut)</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/26140249" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="cf5d1bc5322a51fbe885061a3b676ed6" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":46475168,"asset_id":26140249,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46475168/download_file?st=MTczMjUyMTc4NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="49934430" href="https://ionio.academia.edu/PetrosPizanias">Petros Pizanias</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="49934430" type="text/json">{"id":49934430,"first_name":"Petros","last_name":"Pizanias","domain_name":"ionio","page_name":"PetrosPizanias","display_name":"Petros Pizanias","profile_url":"https://ionio.academia.edu/PetrosPizanias?f_ri=1187","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/49934430/13124914/59393748/s65_petros.pizanias.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_26140249 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="26140249"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 26140249, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_26140249", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_26140249 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26140249; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_26140249"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_26140249 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="26140249"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26140249; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=26140249]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_26140249").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_26140249").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="26140249"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="128" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History">History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="128" type="text/json">{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="828" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greek_History">Greek History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="828" type="text/json">{"id":828,"name":"Greek History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greek_History?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1187" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_History">Ottoman History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1187" type="text/json">{"id":1187,"name":"Ottoman History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_History?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3409" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Balkan_History">Balkan History</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3409" type="text/json">{"id":3409,"name":"Balkan History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Balkan_History?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=26140249]'), work: {"id":26140249,"title":"Du statut de réaya à celui de citoyen. Lumières grecques et Révolution, 1750-1832","created_at":"2016-06-14T06:22:36.295-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/26140249/Du_statut_de_r%C3%A9aya_%C3%A0_celui_de_citoyen_Lumi%C3%A8res_grecques_et_R%C3%A9volution_1750_1832?f_ri=1187","dom_id":"work_26140249","summary":"Cet texte est publie en anglais aux éditions ISIS-Istanbul et en grecque aux éditions KEDROS-Athènes (voir plus haut)","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":46475168,"asset_id":26140249,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":49934430,"first_name":"Petros","last_name":"Pizanias","domain_name":"ionio","page_name":"PetrosPizanias","display_name":"Petros Pizanias","profile_url":"https://ionio.academia.edu/PetrosPizanias?f_ri=1187","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/49934430/13124914/59393748/s65_petros.pizanias.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false},{"id":828,"name":"Greek History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greek_History?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false},{"id":1187,"name":"Ottoman History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_History?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false},{"id":3409,"name":"Balkan History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Balkan_History?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false},{"id":8122,"name":"Ottoman Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_Studies?f_ri=1187"},{"id":13752,"name":"Modern Greek History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modern_Greek_History?f_ri=1187"},{"id":50058,"name":"Greek social and economic history","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greek_social_and_economic_history?f_ri=1187"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_69336686" data-work_id="69336686" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/69336686/_Hol_vannak_a_katon%C3%A1k_A_nik%C3%A1polyi_csata_1396_hadifoglyai_In_Sz%C3%A1m%C5%B1zet%C3%A9s_fogs%C3%A1g_szabadul%C3%A1s_a_k%C3%B6z%C3%A9pkori_%C3%A9s_kora%C3%BAjkori_Eur%C3%B3p%C3%A1ban_ed_B%C3%A1r%C3%A1ny_Attila_P%C3%B3s%C3%A1n_L%C3%A1szl%C3%B3_Debrecen_DE_TKP_Lend%C3%BClet_Magyarorsz%C3%A1g_a_k%C3%B6z%C3%A9pkori_Eur%C3%B3p%C3%A1ban_kutat%C3%B3csoport_2021_96_120">„Hol vannak a katonák?” A nikápolyi csata (1396) hadifoglyai". In: Száműzetés, fogság, szabadulás a középkori és koraújkori Európában, ed. Bárány, Attila – Pósán, László, Debrecen: DE–TKP Lendület „Magyarország a középkori Európában” kutatócsoport, 2021, 96-120.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/69336686" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="81e356e8a1d827f9ec589bfbde8bf2fc" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":79471751,"asset_id":69336686,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/79471751/download_file?st=MTczMjUyMTc4NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="8208901" href="https://ppke.academia.edu/L%C3%A1szl%C3%B3Veszpr%C3%A9my">László Veszprémy</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="8208901" type="text/json">{"id":8208901,"first_name":"László","last_name":"Veszprémy","domain_name":"ppke","page_name":"LászlóVeszprémy","display_name":"László Veszprémy","profile_url":"https://ppke.academia.edu/L%C3%A1szl%C3%B3Veszpr%C3%A9my?f_ri=1187","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_69336686 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="69336686"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 69336686, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_69336686", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=69336686]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_69336686").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_69336686").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="69336686"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1187" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_History">Ottoman History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1187" type="text/json">{"id":1187,"name":"Ottoman History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_History?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="67861" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Military_History">Medieval Military History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="67861" type="text/json">{"id":67861,"name":"Medieval Military History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Military_History?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="183796" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Emperor_Sigismund_1368-1437_">Emperor Sigismund (1368-1437)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="183796" type="text/json">{"id":183796,"name":"Emperor Sigismund (1368-1437)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Emperor_Sigismund_1368-1437_?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="602466" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Hungarian_History">Medieval Hungarian History</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="602466" type="text/json">{"id":602466,"name":"Medieval Hungarian History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Hungarian_History?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=69336686]'), work: {"id":69336686,"title":"„Hol vannak a katonák?” A nikápolyi csata (1396) hadifoglyai\". In: Száműzetés, fogság, szabadulás a középkori és koraújkori Európában, ed. Bárány, Attila – Pósán, László, Debrecen: DE–TKP Lendület „Magyarország a középkori Európában” kutatócsoport, 2021, 96-120.","created_at":"2022-01-24T02:41:31.882-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/69336686/_Hol_vannak_a_katon%C3%A1k_A_nik%C3%A1polyi_csata_1396_hadifoglyai_In_Sz%C3%A1m%C5%B1zet%C3%A9s_fogs%C3%A1g_szabadul%C3%A1s_a_k%C3%B6z%C3%A9pkori_%C3%A9s_kora%C3%BAjkori_Eur%C3%B3p%C3%A1ban_ed_B%C3%A1r%C3%A1ny_Attila_P%C3%B3s%C3%A1n_L%C3%A1szl%C3%B3_Debrecen_DE_TKP_Lend%C3%BClet_Magyarorsz%C3%A1g_a_k%C3%B6z%C3%A9pkori_Eur%C3%B3p%C3%A1ban_kutat%C3%B3csoport_2021_96_120?f_ri=1187","dom_id":"work_69336686","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":79471751,"asset_id":69336686,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":8208901,"first_name":"László","last_name":"Veszprémy","domain_name":"ppke","page_name":"LászlóVeszprémy","display_name":"László Veszprémy","profile_url":"https://ppke.academia.edu/L%C3%A1szl%C3%B3Veszpr%C3%A9my?f_ri=1187","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1187,"name":"Ottoman History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_History?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false},{"id":67861,"name":"Medieval Military History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Military_History?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false},{"id":183796,"name":"Emperor Sigismund (1368-1437)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Emperor_Sigismund_1368-1437_?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false},{"id":602466,"name":"Medieval Hungarian History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Hungarian_History?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false},{"id":774096,"name":"Charles the Bold","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Charles_the_Bold?f_ri=1187"},{"id":1996513,"name":"Late Medieval Burgundy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Late_Medieval_Burgundy?f_ri=1187"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_65705147" data-work_id="65705147" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/65705147/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B2_%D0%98_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%8A%D1%82_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%91%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE_%D0%B2%D1%8A%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0">Русев, И. Предприемачът на Българското възраждане през изпитанието на фалита.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The article presents an analysis of bankruptcy as an important event of the market relations during the Bulgarian National Revival period. The problems arising around bankruptcies are the main motives for the creation of modern commercial... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_65705147" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The article presents an analysis of bankruptcy as an important event of the market relations during the Bulgarian National Revival period. The problems arising around bankruptcies are the main motives for the creation of modern commercial law. The many bankruptcies in Europe in the early 19 th century caused by the wars and the crises necessitated the codification of the commercial law. Then the French 'Code de commerce' appeared, promulgated in 1807. The first commercial laws of most countries in Europe and the world were created on the model of the French 'Code'. The Ottoman Commercial Law, promulgated in 1850, was also created on the basis of French 'Code de commerce'. Most of its content is aimed at bankruptcies. The article presents data on bankruptcies of Bulgarian merchants and companies in the 1850s, 1860s, and 1870s-how, when, and for what reasons they happen. Bankruptcies of some of the rich and well-known Bulgarian companies are also presented. At the end of the article the following main conclusions are made: 1/ On the Bulgarian market, as part of the Ottoman market, the bankruptcy was documented only in the third quarter of the 19 th century, i.e. after the promulgation of the Ottoman Commercial Law. 2/ Most bankruptcies are caused by the general economic situation in the region and in Europe-the crises in the 1850s, 1860s, and 1870s, uncollected debts from traders and companies, bankruptcies of partners. The reason for the bankruptcies is also the poorly kept commercial documentation of the traders and the companies. 3/ There are also intentional bankruptcies ("cunning bankruptcies" as defined by the Ottoman Commercial Law), but the data about them are incomplete and doubtful, as the real situation in most cases remains hidden from the authorities and the commercial courts. 4/ Bankruptcies directly concern the main professional and moral categories, assessed as important during the era-the honesty, locality, reputation, self-consciousness of the commercial class. A larger study is needed to show in which direction these categories are developing in the process of formation of the Bulgarian economic culture after 1878.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/65705147" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="bd7f1bad899e825743d2138dfea21f06" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":77185680,"asset_id":65705147,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/77185680/download_file?st=MTczMjUyMTc4NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="59822017" href="https://ue-varna.academia.edu/IvanRoussev">Ivan Roussev</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="59822017" type="text/json">{"id":59822017,"first_name":"Ivan","last_name":"Roussev","domain_name":"ue-varna","page_name":"IvanRoussev","display_name":"Ivan Roussev","profile_url":"https://ue-varna.academia.edu/IvanRoussev?f_ri=1187","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/59822017/15605157/16184181/s65__._.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_65705147 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="65705147"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 65705147, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_65705147", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=65705147]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_65705147").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_65705147").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="65705147"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="137" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_History">Economic History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="137" type="text/json">{"id":137,"name":"Economic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_History?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1187" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_History">Ottoman History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1187" type="text/json">{"id":1187,"name":"Ottoman History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_History?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="13972" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Commercial_Law">Commercial Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="13972" type="text/json">{"id":13972,"name":"Commercial Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Commercial_Law?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="18629" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Late_Ottoman_Period">Late Ottoman Period</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="18629" type="text/json">{"id":18629,"name":"Late Ottoman Period","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Late_Ottoman_Period?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=65705147]'), work: {"id":65705147,"title":"Русев, И. Предприемачът на Българското възраждане през изпитанието на фалита.","created_at":"2021-12-23T07:54:28.453-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/65705147/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B2_%D0%98_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%8A%D1%82_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%91%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE_%D0%B2%D1%8A%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0?f_ri=1187","dom_id":"work_65705147","summary":"The article presents an analysis of bankruptcy as an important event of the market relations during the Bulgarian National Revival period. The problems arising around bankruptcies are the main motives for the creation of modern commercial law. The many bankruptcies in Europe in the early 19 th century caused by the wars and the crises necessitated the codification of the commercial law. Then the French 'Code de commerce' appeared, promulgated in 1807. The first commercial laws of most countries in Europe and the world were created on the model of the French 'Code'. The Ottoman Commercial Law, promulgated in 1850, was also created on the basis of French 'Code de commerce'. Most of its content is aimed at bankruptcies. The article presents data on bankruptcies of Bulgarian merchants and companies in the 1850s, 1860s, and 1870s-how, when, and for what reasons they happen. Bankruptcies of some of the rich and well-known Bulgarian companies are also presented. At the end of the article the following main conclusions are made: 1/ On the Bulgarian market, as part of the Ottoman market, the bankruptcy was documented only in the third quarter of the 19 th century, i.e. after the promulgation of the Ottoman Commercial Law. 2/ Most bankruptcies are caused by the general economic situation in the region and in Europe-the crises in the 1850s, 1860s, and 1870s, uncollected debts from traders and companies, bankruptcies of partners. The reason for the bankruptcies is also the poorly kept commercial documentation of the traders and the companies. 3/ There are also intentional bankruptcies (\"cunning bankruptcies\" as defined by the Ottoman Commercial Law), but the data about them are incomplete and doubtful, as the real situation in most cases remains hidden from the authorities and the commercial courts. 4/ Bankruptcies directly concern the main professional and moral categories, assessed as important during the era-the honesty, locality, reputation, self-consciousness of the commercial class. A larger study is needed to show in which direction these categories are developing in the process of formation of the Bulgarian economic culture after 1878.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":77185680,"asset_id":65705147,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":59822017,"first_name":"Ivan","last_name":"Roussev","domain_name":"ue-varna","page_name":"IvanRoussev","display_name":"Ivan Roussev","profile_url":"https://ue-varna.academia.edu/IvanRoussev?f_ri=1187","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/59822017/15605157/16184181/s65__._.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":137,"name":"Economic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_History?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false},{"id":1187,"name":"Ottoman History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_History?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false},{"id":13972,"name":"Commercial 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js-work-card work_78063531" data-work_id="78063531" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/78063531/%CE%97_%CE%9A%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%BD%CE%AE_%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B1_1790_%CE%BC%CE%B5_%CF%84%CE%B1_%CE%BC%CE%AC%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%B1_%CE%B5%CE%BD%CF%8C%CF%82_%CE%A6%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%8E%CF%84%CE%B7_%CF%83%CF%84%CE%BF_%CE%94%CE%99%CE%95%CE%98%CE%9D%CE%95%CE%A3_%CE%A3%CE%A5%CE%9D%CE%95%CE%94%CE%A1%CE%99%CE%9F_%CE%93%CE%99%CE%91_%CE%A4%CE%91_100_%CE%A7%CE%A1%CE%9F%CE%9D%CE%99%CE%91_%CE%95%CE%9B%CE%95%CE%A5%CE%98%CE%95%CE%A1%CE%97%CE%A3_%CE%9A%CE%9F%CE%9C%CE%9F%CE%A4%CE%97%CE%9D%CE%97%CE%A3_%CE%97_%CE%9A%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%BD%CE%AE_%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9_%CE%B7_%CF%80%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%87%CE%AE_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%9A%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%BD%CE%AE_6_8_%CE%9C%CE%B1%CE%90%CE%BF%CF%85_2022">Η Κομοτηνή στα 1790 με τα μάτια ενός Φαναριώτη, στο ΔΙΕΘΝΕΣ ΣΥΝΕΔΡΙΟ ΓΙΑ ΤΑ 100 ΧΡΟΝΙΑ ΕΛΕΥΘΕΡΗΣ ΚΟΜΟΤΗΝΗΣ «Η Κομοτηνή και η περιοχή της», Κομοτηνή 6-8 Μαΐου 2022.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul 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class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1187" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_History">Ottoman History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1187" type="text/json">{"id":1187,"name":"Ottoman History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_History?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7298" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modern_Greek_literature">Modern Greek literature</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7298" type="text/json">{"id":7298,"name":"Modern Greek literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modern_Greek_literature?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8122" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_Studies">Ottoman Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8122" type="text/json">{"id":8122,"name":"Ottoman Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_Studies?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="13752" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modern_Greek_History">Modern Greek History</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="13752" type="text/json">{"id":13752,"name":"Modern Greek History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modern_Greek_History?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=78063531]'), work: {"id":78063531,"title":"Η Κομοτηνή στα 1790 με τα μάτια ενός Φαναριώτη, στο ΔΙΕΘΝΕΣ ΣΥΝΕΔΡΙΟ ΓΙΑ ΤΑ 100 ΧΡΟΝΙΑ ΕΛΕΥΘΕΡΗΣ ΚΟΜΟΤΗΝΗΣ «Η Κομοτηνή και η περιοχή της», Κομοτηνή 6-8 Μαΐου 2022.","created_at":"2022-04-30T11:21:12.651-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/78063531/%CE%97_%CE%9A%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%BD%CE%AE_%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B1_1790_%CE%BC%CE%B5_%CF%84%CE%B1_%CE%BC%CE%AC%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%B1_%CE%B5%CE%BD%CF%8C%CF%82_%CE%A6%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%8E%CF%84%CE%B7_%CF%83%CF%84%CE%BF_%CE%94%CE%99%CE%95%CE%98%CE%9D%CE%95%CE%A3_%CE%A3%CE%A5%CE%9D%CE%95%CE%94%CE%A1%CE%99%CE%9F_%CE%93%CE%99%CE%91_%CE%A4%CE%91_100_%CE%A7%CE%A1%CE%9F%CE%9D%CE%99%CE%91_%CE%95%CE%9B%CE%95%CE%A5%CE%98%CE%95%CE%A1%CE%97%CE%A3_%CE%9A%CE%9F%CE%9C%CE%9F%CE%A4%CE%97%CE%9D%CE%97%CE%A3_%CE%97_%CE%9A%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%BD%CE%AE_%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9_%CE%B7_%CF%80%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%87%CE%AE_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%9A%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%BD%CE%AE_6_8_%CE%9C%CE%B1%CE%90%CE%BF%CF%85_2022?f_ri=1187","dom_id":"work_78063531","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":85240802,"asset_id":78063531,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":13578175,"first_name":"Charalampos","last_name":"Minaoglou","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"CharalamposMinaoglou","display_name":"Charalampos Minaoglou","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/CharalamposMinaoglou?f_ri=1187","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/13578175/3840956/160984393/s65_charalampos.minaoglou.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1187,"name":"Ottoman History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_History?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false},{"id":7298,"name":"Modern Greek literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modern_Greek_literature?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false},{"id":8122,"name":"Ottoman Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_Studies?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false},{"id":13752,"name":"Modern Greek History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modern_Greek_History?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false},{"id":15129,"name":"Early modern Ottoman History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_modern_Ottoman_History?f_ri=1187"},{"id":15290,"name":"Ottoman Balkans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_Balkans?f_ri=1187"},{"id":63319,"name":"Modern Greek Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modern_Greek_Studies?f_ri=1187"},{"id":82687,"name":"Phanariotes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phanariotes?f_ri=1187"},{"id":484028,"name":"Phanariots","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phanariots?f_ri=1187"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_4120312" data-work_id="4120312" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4120312/Photographys_Orientalism_New_Essays_on_Colonial_Representation">Photography's Orientalism: New Essays on Colonial Representation</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The Middle East played a critical role in the development of photography as a new technology and an art form. Likewise, photography was instrumental in cultivating and maintaining Europe’s distinctively Orientalist vision of the Middle... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_4120312" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The Middle East played a critical role in the development of photography as a new technology and an art form. Likewise, photography was instrumental in cultivating and maintaining Europe’s distinctively Orientalist vision of the Middle East. As new advances enhanced the versatility of the medium, nineteenth-century photographers were able to mass-produce images to incite and satisfy the demands of the region’s burgeoning tourist industry and the appetites of armchair travelers in Europe. In this way, the evolution of modern photography fueled an interest in visual contact with the rest of the world. <br /> <br />Photography’s Orientalism offers the first in-depth cultural study of the works of European and non-European photographers active in the Middle East and India, focusing on the relationship between photographic, literary, and historical representations of this region and beyond. The essays explore the relationship between art and politics by considering the connection between the European presence there and aesthetic representations produced by traveling and resident photographers, thereby contributing to how the history of photography is understood.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/4120312" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="31db4cfe0f137fb2b51c0b89431f451b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":38856892,"asset_id":4120312,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38856892/download_file?st=MTczMjUyMTc4NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="226170" href="https://st-andrews.academia.edu/LukeGartlan">Luke Gartlan</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="226170" type="text/json">{"id":226170,"first_name":"Luke","last_name":"Gartlan","domain_name":"st-andrews","page_name":"LukeGartlan","display_name":"Luke Gartlan","profile_url":"https://st-andrews.academia.edu/LukeGartlan?f_ri=1187","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/226170/1014596/1268481/s65_luke.gartlan.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_4120312 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="4120312"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 4120312, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_4120312", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_4120312 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 4120312; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_4120312"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_4120312 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="4120312"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 4120312; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=4120312]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_4120312").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_4120312").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="4120312"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="863" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Visual_Studies">Visual Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="863" type="text/json">{"id":863,"name":"Visual Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Visual_Studies?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1187" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_History">Ottoman History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1187" type="text/json">{"id":1187,"name":"Ottoman History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_History?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1589" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Photography">Photography</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1589" type="text/json">{"id":1589,"name":"Photography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Photography?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2015" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_East_Studies">Middle East Studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2015" type="text/json">{"id":2015,"name":"Middle East Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_East_Studies?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=4120312]'), work: {"id":4120312,"title":"Photography's Orientalism: New Essays on Colonial Representation","created_at":"2013-07-28T04:23:08.166-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/4120312/Photographys_Orientalism_New_Essays_on_Colonial_Representation?f_ri=1187","dom_id":"work_4120312","summary":"The Middle East played a critical role in the development of photography as a new technology and an art form. Likewise, photography was instrumental in cultivating and maintaining Europe’s distinctively Orientalist vision of the Middle East. As new advances enhanced the versatility of the medium, nineteenth-century photographers were able to mass-produce images to incite and satisfy the demands of the region’s burgeoning tourist industry and the appetites of armchair travelers in Europe. In this way, the evolution of modern photography fueled an interest in visual contact with the rest of the world.\r\n\r\nPhotography’s Orientalism offers the first in-depth cultural study of the works of European and non-European photographers active in the Middle East and India, focusing on the relationship between photographic, literary, and historical representations of this region and beyond. The essays explore the relationship between art and politics by considering the connection between the European presence there and aesthetic representations produced by traveling and resident photographers, thereby contributing to how the history of photography is understood.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":38856892,"asset_id":4120312,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":226170,"first_name":"Luke","last_name":"Gartlan","domain_name":"st-andrews","page_name":"LukeGartlan","display_name":"Luke Gartlan","profile_url":"https://st-andrews.academia.edu/LukeGartlan?f_ri=1187","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/226170/1014596/1268481/s65_luke.gartlan.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":863,"name":"Visual Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Visual_Studies?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false},{"id":1187,"name":"Ottoman History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_History?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false},{"id":1589,"name":"Photography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Photography?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false},{"id":2015,"name":"Middle East Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_East_Studies?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false},{"id":2860,"name":"Postcolonial Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postcolonial_Studies?f_ri=1187"},{"id":3225,"name":"Visual Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Visual_Culture?f_ri=1187"},{"id":6633,"name":"Habsburg Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Habsburg_Studies?f_ri=1187"},{"id":10503,"name":"Photography Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Photography_Theory?f_ri=1187"},{"id":18929,"name":"History of Ottoman Art and Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Ottoman_Art_and_Architecture?f_ri=1187"},{"id":20079,"name":"History of photography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_photography?f_ri=1187"},{"id":22492,"name":"Orientalism in art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Orientalism_in_art?f_ri=1187"},{"id":51334,"name":"Orientalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Orientalism?f_ri=1187"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_41240683" data-work_id="41240683" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/41240683/The_Ceremonial_of_Audience_Transcultural_Approaches">The Ceremonial of Audience: Transcultural Approaches</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Audiences are among the dominant elements of courtly life and may be referred to as a central aspect of representation of power in many societies. Audiences also served as a stage for negotiation and political decision-making. Beyond... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_41240683" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Audiences are among the dominant elements of courtly life and may be referred to as a central aspect of representation of power in many societies. Audiences also served as a stage for negotiation and political decision-making. Beyond that, the ceremonial of audience acted as an integrative factor, strengthening the connections between the ruler and his subjects, the élite and his dynastic background. It thus reflects the structure, or at least the intended structure of rule, and allows us to get insight into the perception of the ruler in the respective society. This volume offers an approach to forms and structures of audiences in different epochs and regions. Choosing a transcultural and diachronic perspective, it aims at delineating similarities and differences as well as possible lines of development of the ceremonial on a broad basis of case studies.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/41240683" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4a58bf17e29436ed11f592a27408f047" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":61467356,"asset_id":41240683,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/61467356/download_file?st=MTczMjUyMTc4NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2632582" href="https://uni-heidelberg.academia.edu/AnnaKollatz">Anna Kollatz</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2632582" type="text/json">{"id":2632582,"first_name":"Anna","last_name":"Kollatz","domain_name":"uni-heidelberg","page_name":"AnnaKollatz","display_name":"Anna Kollatz","profile_url":"https://uni-heidelberg.academia.edu/AnnaKollatz?f_ri=1187","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2632582/836703/11183884/s65_anna.kollatz.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_41240683 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="41240683"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 41240683, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_41240683", }); 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Audiences also served as a stage for negotiation and political decision-making. Beyond that, the ceremonial of audience acted as an integrative factor, strengthening the connections between the ruler and his subjects, the élite and his dynastic background. It thus reflects the structure, or at least the intended structure of rule, and allows us to get insight into the perception of the ruler in the respective society. This volume offers an approach to forms and structures of audiences in different epochs and regions. 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Avcioglu","profile_url":"https://percprogram.academia.edu/NebahatAvcioglu?f_ri=1187","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/11908886/3844828/40280430/s65_nebahat.avcioglu.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_42998677 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="42998677"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 42998677, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_42998677", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_42998677 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 42998677; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = 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style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="42998677"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1187" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_History">Ottoman History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1187" type="text/json">{"id":1187,"name":"Ottoman History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_History?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1372" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architecture">Architecture</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1372" type="text/json">{"id":1372,"name":"Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architecture?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7655" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architectural_History">Architectural History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7655" type="text/json">{"id":7655,"name":"Architectural History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architectural_History?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12887" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Architecture">Islamic' Architecture</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="12887" type="text/json">{"id":12887,"name":"Islamic' Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Architecture?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=42998677]'), work: {"id":42998677,"title":"The Turkish Bath in the West","created_at":"2020-05-10T08:04:20.301-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/42998677/The_Turkish_Bath_in_the_West?f_ri=1187","dom_id":"work_42998677","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":63261484,"asset_id":42998677,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":11908886,"first_name":"Nebahat","last_name":"Avcioglu","domain_name":"percprogram","page_name":"NebahatAvcioglu","display_name":"Nebahat Avcioglu","profile_url":"https://percprogram.academia.edu/NebahatAvcioglu?f_ri=1187","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/11908886/3844828/40280430/s65_nebahat.avcioglu.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1187,"name":"Ottoman History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_History?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false},{"id":1372,"name":"Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architecture?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false},{"id":7655,"name":"Architectural History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architectural_History?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false},{"id":12887,"name":"Islamic' Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Architecture?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false},{"id":18929,"name":"History of Ottoman Art and Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Ottoman_Art_and_Architecture?f_ri=1187"},{"id":51334,"name":"Orientalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Orientalism?f_ri=1187"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_39402587" data-work_id="39402587" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/39402587/Nicholas_of_Modru%C5%A1_and_His_De_bellis_Gothorum_Politics_and_National_History_in_the_Fifteenth_Century_Adriatic">Nicholas of Modruš and His De bellis Gothorum: Politics and National History in the Fifteenth-Century Adriatic</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This article analyzes the De Bellis Gothorum, a long neglected and misunderstood history of the ancient Goths written in 1472–73 by Nicholas of Modruš, the leading Croatian-Illyrian bishop at the papal curia. By placing the work in its... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_39402587" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This article analyzes the De Bellis Gothorum, a long neglected and misunderstood history of the ancient Goths written in 1472–73 by Nicholas of Modruš, the leading Croatian-Illyrian bishop at the papal curia. By placing the work in its proper context, this article reconstructs a previously unknown episode in the political history of the fifteenth-century Adriatic. It is argued that the De Bellis Gothorum was in fact a national history that was meant to provide a trans-Adriatic network of Croatian and Bosnian nobles and churchmen with support from Naples and the papacy for their border wars against the Ottomans and reestablishment of their national kingdom.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/39402587" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="bf917add6beee46440f74f31eb1a4c9e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":59546705,"asset_id":39402587,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/59546705/download_file?st=MTczMjUyMTc4NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="14385" href="https://ffzg.academia.edu/lukaspoljaric">Luka Špoljarić</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="14385" type="text/json">{"id":14385,"first_name":"Luka","last_name":"Špoljarić","domain_name":"ffzg","page_name":"lukaspoljaric","display_name":"Luka Špoljarić","profile_url":"https://ffzg.academia.edu/lukaspoljaric?f_ri=1187","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/14385/4815/54708146/s65_luka._poljari_.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_39402587 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="39402587"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 39402587, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_39402587", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=39402587]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_39402587").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_39402587").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="39402587"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1187" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_History">Ottoman History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1187" type="text/json">{"id":1187,"name":"Ottoman History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_History?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3027" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Renaissance_Humanism">Renaissance Humanism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3027" type="text/json">{"id":3027,"name":"Renaissance Humanism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Renaissance_Humanism?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3612" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Renaissance">Renaissance</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3612" type="text/json">{"id":3612,"name":"Renaissance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Renaissance?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9099" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Croatian_History">Croatian History</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="9099" type="text/json">{"id":9099,"name":"Croatian History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Croatian_History?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=39402587]'), work: {"id":39402587,"title":"Nicholas of Modruš and His De bellis Gothorum: Politics and National History in the Fifteenth-Century Adriatic","created_at":"2019-06-06T04:16:47.293-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/39402587/Nicholas_of_Modru%C5%A1_and_His_De_bellis_Gothorum_Politics_and_National_History_in_the_Fifteenth_Century_Adriatic?f_ri=1187","dom_id":"work_39402587","summary":"This article analyzes the De Bellis Gothorum, a long neglected and misunderstood history of the ancient Goths written in 1472–73 by Nicholas of Modruš, the leading Croatian-Illyrian bishop at the papal curia. By placing the work in its proper context, this article reconstructs a previously unknown episode in the political history of the fifteenth-century Adriatic. It is argued that the De Bellis Gothorum was in fact a national history that was meant to provide a trans-Adriatic network of Croatian and Bosnian nobles and churchmen with support from Naples and the papacy for their border wars against the Ottomans and reestablishment of their national kingdom.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":59546705,"asset_id":39402587,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":14385,"first_name":"Luka","last_name":"Špoljarić","domain_name":"ffzg","page_name":"lukaspoljaric","display_name":"Luka Špoljarić","profile_url":"https://ffzg.academia.edu/lukaspoljaric?f_ri=1187","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/14385/4815/54708146/s65_luka._poljari_.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1187,"name":"Ottoman History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_History?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false},{"id":3027,"name":"Renaissance Humanism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Renaissance_Humanism?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false},{"id":3612,"name":"Renaissance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Renaissance?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false},{"id":9099,"name":"Croatian History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Croatian_History?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false},{"id":22788,"name":"Renaissance Rome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Renaissance_Rome?f_ri=1187"},{"id":28219,"name":"Medieval Croatian History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Croatian_History?f_ri=1187"},{"id":28239,"name":"Medieval Hungary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Hungary?f_ri=1187"},{"id":30498,"name":"Dalmatian history","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dalmatian_history?f_ri=1187"},{"id":78255,"name":"Bosnian History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bosnian_History?f_ri=1187"},{"id":102672,"name":"The Kingdom of Naples","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Kingdom_of_Naples?f_ri=1187"},{"id":135512,"name":"History of the Adriatic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_the_Adriatic?f_ri=1187"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_15645015" data-work_id="15645015" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/15645015/Bad_Bread_and_the_Outrageous_Drunkenness_of_the_Turks_Food_and_Identity_in_the_Accounts_of_Early_Modern_European_Travelers_to_the_Ottoman_Empire">Bad Bread and the “Outrageous Drunkenness of the Turks”: Food and Identity in the Accounts of Early Modern European Travelers to the Ottoman Empire</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">During the early modern era foodways were an important signifier of identity. This is evident in the extensive body of literature produced by the growing number of Europeans who ventured into the Mediterranean, especially the lands of the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_15645015" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">During the early modern era foodways were an important signifier of identity. This is evident in the extensive body of literature produced by the growing number of Europeans who ventured into the Mediterranean, especially the lands of the Ottoman Empire. These travelers commented at length on the foods they encountered, their preparation, and how they were consumed. They drew on widely known classical models, as well as their own familiar foodways, to produce culinary geographies that delineated stark boundaries between East and West, Islam and Christianity, and that inscribed alterity and barbarity onto Ottoman culture. Ottomans ate undercooked bread, adulterated with seeds and spices, and meat prepared in an unrefined fashion that was barely removed from its natural state. They consumed this food while seated on the ground and without the benefit of civilized utensils, and hypocritically washed it all down with large quantities of wine. In the early modern Mediterranean world who you were was defined, at least partly, by what you ate and how you ate it.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/15645015" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="df3ae68ab49002c050a24f11145f4da7" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":40542269,"asset_id":15645015,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40542269/download_file?st=MTczMjUyMTc4NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="72418" href="https://byu.academia.edu/EricDursteler">Eric R Dursteler</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="72418" type="text/json">{"id":72418,"first_name":"Eric","last_name":"Dursteler","domain_name":"byu","page_name":"EricDursteler","display_name":"Eric R Dursteler","profile_url":"https://byu.academia.edu/EricDursteler?f_ri=1187","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/72418/20098/38921729/s65_eric.dursteler.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_15645015 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="15645015"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 15645015, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_15645015", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_15645015 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 15645015; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_15645015"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_15645015 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="15645015"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 15645015; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=15645015]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_15645015").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_15645015").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="15645015"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1187" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_History">Ottoman History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1187" type="text/json">{"id":1187,"name":"Ottoman History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_History?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6858" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_History">Food History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6858" type="text/json">{"id":6858,"name":"Food History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_History?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6952" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mediterranean_Studies">Mediterranean Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6952" type="text/json">{"id":6952,"name":"Mediterranean Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mediterranean_Studies?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11208" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_Empire">Ottoman Empire</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="11208" type="text/json">{"id":11208,"name":"Ottoman Empire","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_Empire?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=15645015]'), work: {"id":15645015,"title":"Bad Bread and the “Outrageous Drunkenness of the Turks”: Food and Identity in the Accounts of Early Modern European Travelers to the Ottoman Empire","created_at":"2015-09-13T04:09:33.009-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/15645015/Bad_Bread_and_the_Outrageous_Drunkenness_of_the_Turks_Food_and_Identity_in_the_Accounts_of_Early_Modern_European_Travelers_to_the_Ottoman_Empire?f_ri=1187","dom_id":"work_15645015","summary":"During the early modern era foodways were an important signifier of identity. This is evident in the extensive body of literature produced by the growing number of Europeans who ventured into the Mediterranean, especially the lands of the Ottoman Empire. These travelers commented at length on the foods they encountered, their preparation, and how they were consumed. They drew on widely known classical models, as well as their own familiar foodways, to produce culinary geographies that delineated stark boundaries between East and West, Islam and Christianity, and that inscribed alterity and barbarity onto Ottoman culture. Ottomans ate undercooked bread, adulterated with seeds and spices, and meat prepared in an unrefined fashion that was barely removed from its natural state. They consumed this food while seated on the ground and without the benefit of civilized utensils, and hypocritically washed it all down with large quantities of wine. In the early modern Mediterranean world who you were was defined, at least partly, by what you ate and how you ate it.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":40542269,"asset_id":15645015,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":72418,"first_name":"Eric","last_name":"Dursteler","domain_name":"byu","page_name":"EricDursteler","display_name":"Eric R Dursteler","profile_url":"https://byu.academia.edu/EricDursteler?f_ri=1187","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/72418/20098/38921729/s65_eric.dursteler.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1187,"name":"Ottoman History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_History?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false},{"id":6858,"name":"Food History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_History?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false},{"id":6952,"name":"Mediterranean Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mediterranean_Studies?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false},{"id":11208,"name":"Ottoman Empire","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_Empire?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false},{"id":15736,"name":"History of the Mediterranean","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_the_Mediterranean?f_ri=1187"},{"id":257025,"name":"Food History, Food Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_History_Food_Culture?f_ri=1187"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_32270347" data-work_id="32270347" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/32270347/From_Ambivalence_to_Hostility_The_Arabic_Newspaper_Filastin_and_Zionism_1911_1914">From Ambivalence to Hostility: The Arabic Newspaper Filastin and Zionism, 1911–1914</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The monograph From Ambivalence to Hostility focuses on writings on Zionism published in the Arabic newspaper Filasṭīn (ʻPalestineʼ) in the pre-WWI period (1911–1914). It covers a broad range of subjects treated by the periodical including... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_32270347" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The monograph From Ambivalence to Hostility focuses on writings on Zionism published in the Arabic newspaper Filasṭīn (ʻPalestineʼ) in the pre-WWI period (1911–1914). It covers a broad range of subjects treated by the periodical including Jewish land purchases in and immigration to Palestine, violent incidents between the Jewish and the Arab communities, Zionist boycott and Zionist Congresses. The second chapter of the book offers a detailed analysis of the gradual yet profound transformation of Filasṭīnʼs editorial policy vis-à-vis Zionism before World War I.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/32270347" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="002a0b86f04e67bf4e1bd170467431cf" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":55009408,"asset_id":32270347,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/55009408/download_file?st=MTczMjUyMTc4NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="7577839" href="https://sav-sk.academia.edu/EmanuelBe%C5%A1ka">Emanuel Beška</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="7577839" type="text/json">{"id":7577839,"first_name":"Emanuel","last_name":"Beška","domain_name":"sav-sk","page_name":"EmanuelBeška","display_name":"Emanuel Beška","profile_url":"https://sav-sk.academia.edu/EmanuelBe%C5%A1ka?f_ri=1187","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/7577839/13813600/14908115/s65_emanuel.be_ka.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_32270347 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="32270347"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 32270347, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_32270347", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_32270347 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 32270347; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_32270347"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_32270347 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="32270347"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 32270347; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=32270347]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_32270347").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_32270347").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="32270347"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">22</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1187" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_History">Ottoman History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1187" type="text/json">{"id":1187,"name":"Ottoman History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_History?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6184" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Israel_Palestine">Israel/Palestine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6184" type="text/json">{"id":6184,"name":"Israel/Palestine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Israel_Palestine?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6693" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Palestine">Palestine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6693" type="text/json">{"id":6693,"name":"Palestine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Palestine?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8122" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_Studies">Ottoman Studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="8122" type="text/json">{"id":8122,"name":"Ottoman Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_Studies?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=32270347]'), work: {"id":32270347,"title":"From Ambivalence to Hostility: The Arabic Newspaper Filastin and Zionism, 1911–1914","created_at":"2017-04-05T05:04:09.805-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/32270347/From_Ambivalence_to_Hostility_The_Arabic_Newspaper_Filastin_and_Zionism_1911_1914?f_ri=1187","dom_id":"work_32270347","summary":"The monograph From Ambivalence to Hostility focuses on writings on Zionism published in the Arabic newspaper Filasṭīn (ʻPalestineʼ) in the pre-WWI period (1911–1914). It covers a broad range of subjects treated by the periodical including Jewish land purchases in and immigration to Palestine, violent incidents between the Jewish and the Arab communities, Zionist boycott and Zionist Congresses. The second chapter of the book offers a detailed analysis of the gradual yet profound transformation of Filasṭīnʼs editorial policy vis-à-vis Zionism before World War I.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":55009408,"asset_id":32270347,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":7577839,"first_name":"Emanuel","last_name":"Beška","domain_name":"sav-sk","page_name":"EmanuelBeška","display_name":"Emanuel Beška","profile_url":"https://sav-sk.academia.edu/EmanuelBe%C5%A1ka?f_ri=1187","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/7577839/13813600/14908115/s65_emanuel.be_ka.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1187,"name":"Ottoman History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_History?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false},{"id":6184,"name":"Israel/Palestine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Israel_Palestine?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false},{"id":6693,"name":"Palestine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Palestine?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false},{"id":8122,"name":"Ottoman Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_Studies?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false},{"id":11208,"name":"Ottoman Empire","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_Empire?f_ri=1187"},{"id":18629,"name":"Late Ottoman Period","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Late_Ottoman_Period?f_ri=1187"},{"id":48430,"name":"Israel-Palestine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Israel-Palestine?f_ri=1187"},{"id":51489,"name":"History of Palestine and Israel","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Palestine_and_Israel?f_ri=1187"},{"id":52600,"name":"Late Ottoman History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Late_Ottoman_History?f_ri=1187"},{"id":92060,"name":"Late Ottoman Intellectual History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Late_Ottoman_Intellectual_History?f_ri=1187"},{"id":98324,"name":"Anti-Zionism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anti-Zionism?f_ri=1187"},{"id":130666,"name":"Ottoman History of Palestine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_History_of_Palestine?f_ri=1187"},{"id":297103,"name":"Ottoman Period - Palestine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_Period_-_Palestine?f_ri=1187"},{"id":297104,"name":"Late Ottoman Period - Palestine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Late_Ottoman_Period_-_Palestine?f_ri=1187"},{"id":614406,"name":"Non-Muslim Minorities in Late Ottoman Empire","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Non-Muslim_Minorities_in_Late_Ottoman_Empire?f_ri=1187"},{"id":973713,"name":"Ottoman Palestine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_Palestine?f_ri=1187"},{"id":992850,"name":"History of Israel Palestine Conflict","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Israel_Palestine_Conflict?f_ri=1187"},{"id":997923,"name":"Israel and Palestine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Israel_and_Palestine-1?f_ri=1187"},{"id":1014034,"name":"Late Ottoman Political and Cultural History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Late_Ottoman_Political_and_Cultural_History?f_ri=1187"},{"id":1739520,"name":"Anti-Zionism before WWI","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anti-Zionism_before_WWI?f_ri=1187"},{"id":1741182,"name":"Anti-Zionism before 1908","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anti-Zionism_before_1908?f_ri=1187"},{"id":2675876,"name":"arab anti-zionism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/arab_anti-zionism?f_ri=1187"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_34117842" data-work_id="34117842" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/34117842/The_First_of_the_Modern_Ottomans_the_Intellectual_History_of_Ahmed_V%C3%A2s%C4%B1f">The First of the Modern Ottomans: the Intellectual History of Ahmed Vâsıf</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The First of the Modern Ottomans blends biography with intellectual history. On the one hand, it is the story of an Ottoman life – the life of the scribe, ambassador, and prolific historian Ahmed Vâsıf (ca. 1735-1806), a man who... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_34117842" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The First of the Modern Ottomans blends biography with intellectual history. On the one hand, it is the story of an Ottoman life – the life of the scribe, ambassador, and prolific historian Ahmed Vâsıf (ca. 1735-1806), a man who improbably rose from obscurity in Baghdad to travel the empire, fight its wars, advise its sultans, and, in time, write its history. As a full-scale biography, the book is a rarity for the field of Ottoman history and reconstructs Vâsıf’s life, career, and opinions through meticulous research in both Ottoman and European sources. On the other hand, The First of the Modern Ottomans is also one of the first detailed intellectual studies of the early modern Ottoman Empire. Weaving together Vâsıf’s life and thought with the larger intellectual currents of the day – especially at the court of Sultan Selim III in Istanbul – it explores central debates among the Ottoman ruling elite over Europe, political reform, war and peace, justice, and the empire’s renewal. Vâsıf’s life reveals a vital response to the empire’s challenges at the turn of the nineteenth century – one that was novel and deeply enmeshed in Islamic philosophy, ethics, and statecraft.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/34117842" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4da2abe1215c51bb9db35324bed6daf5" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":54048023,"asset_id":34117842,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/54048023/download_file?st=MTczMjUyMTc4NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2144376" href="https://manchester.academia.edu/EthanMenchinger">Ethan Menchinger</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2144376" type="text/json">{"id":2144376,"first_name":"Ethan","last_name":"Menchinger","domain_name":"manchester","page_name":"EthanMenchinger","display_name":"Ethan Menchinger","profile_url":"https://manchester.academia.edu/EthanMenchinger?f_ri=1187","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2144376/2579128/19485732/s65_ethan.menchinger.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_34117842 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="34117842"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 34117842, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_34117842", }); 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On the one hand, it is the story of an Ottoman life – the life of the scribe, ambassador, and prolific historian Ahmed Vâsıf (ca. 1735-1806), a man who improbably rose from obscurity in Baghdad to travel the empire, fight its wars, advise its sultans, and, in time, write its history. As a full-scale biography, the book is a rarity for the field of Ottoman history and reconstructs Vâsıf’s life, career, and opinions through meticulous research in both Ottoman and European sources. On the other hand, The First of the Modern Ottomans is also one of the first detailed intellectual studies of the early modern Ottoman Empire. Weaving together Vâsıf’s life and thought with the larger intellectual currents of the day – especially at the court of Sultan Selim III in Istanbul – it explores central debates among the Ottoman ruling elite over Europe, political reform, war and peace, justice, and the empire’s renewal. 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İmparatorluğu","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Osmanli_Imparatorlugu?f_ri=1187"},{"id":298348,"name":"Osmanlı Tarihi","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Osmanl%C4%B1_Tarihi?f_ri=1187"},{"id":515484,"name":"Ottoman Turkish historical writing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_Turkish_historical_writing?f_ri=1187"},{"id":620285,"name":"History of Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Philosophy?f_ri=1187"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_38117113" data-work_id="38117113" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/38117113/Tanzimat_Sonras%C4%B1_Diyarbak%C4%B1r_Yahudilerine_Bir_Bak%C4%B1%C5%9F_1839_1873_">Tanzimat Sonrası Diyarbakır Yahudilerine Bir Bakış (1839-1873)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Hz. Süleyman'ın krallığı vefatının akabinde İsrail ve Yahuda olarak ikiye ayrılmıştır. Önce İsrail'in tarih sahnesinden çekilmesi ve ardından da Yahuda krallığının yıkılması sonucu, Yahudilerin bazıları Mezopotamya bölgesine sürgün olarak... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_38117113" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Hz. Süleyman'ın krallığı vefatının akabinde İsrail ve Yahuda olarak ikiye ayrılmıştır. Önce İsrail'in<br />tarih sahnesinden çekilmesi ve ardından da Yahuda krallığının yıkılması sonucu, Yahudilerin bazıları<br />Mezopotamya bölgesine sürgün olarak gelmişlerdir. Nitekim Diyarbakır'daki Yahudiler de bu sürgünlerin<br />çocuklarıdır. Yüzlerce yıl burada yaşayan Yahudiler, 1948 yılında İsrail'in kuruluşuyla Diyarbakır'ı<br />tamamen terk etmişlerdir. Tanzimat sonrası Diyarbakır Yahudilerinin tarihi serüvenlerine bir girizgâh yapma<br />iddiasında olan bu makale, Diyarbakır Şehir tarihi ile Yahudi Tarihi araştırmalarına katkı sağlamayı<br />hedeflemektedir.<br /><br />A REVIEW AT THE DIYARBAKIR JEWS DURING THE TANZIMAT ERA<br />(1839-1873)<br />ABSTRACT<br />The kingdom of the king-prophet Solomon was divided into two parts as Israel and Judah after his<br />death. With the collapse of these kingdoms a number Jews came and settled in the Mesopotamia. The origins<br />the Diyarbakir Jews goes back to this episode in history. The Jews who lived in Diyarbakır for hundreds of<br />years abandoned the city to move to the State of Israel in 1948. This short article aims to shed some new<br />lights on the Diyarbakır Jews during the Tanzimat Era and thus to contribute to the Jewish studies in general<br />and to the history of Diyarbakir city in particular.<br />Key Words: Mesopotamia, Diyarbakır, Jews, Tanzimat, Israel</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/38117113" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="96be84e1f19e63b9a25b87866105d09c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":58146760,"asset_id":38117113,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58146760/download_file?st=MTczMjUyMTc4NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3172558" href="https://mimarsinan.academia.edu/MustafaOksuz">Mustafa Oksuz</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3172558" type="text/json">{"id":3172558,"first_name":"Mustafa","last_name":"Oksuz","domain_name":"mimarsinan","page_name":"MustafaOksuz","display_name":"Mustafa Oksuz","profile_url":"https://mimarsinan.academia.edu/MustafaOksuz?f_ri=1187","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3172558/17443399/32416471/s65_mustafa.oksuz.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_38117113 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="38117113"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38117113, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_38117113", }); 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Süleyman'ın krallığı vefatının akabinde İsrail ve Yahuda olarak ikiye ayrılmıştır. Önce İsrail'in\ntarih sahnesinden çekilmesi ve ardından da Yahuda krallığının yıkılması sonucu, Yahudilerin bazıları\nMezopotamya bölgesine sürgün olarak gelmişlerdir. Nitekim Diyarbakır'daki Yahudiler de bu sürgünlerin\nçocuklarıdır. Yüzlerce yıl burada yaşayan Yahudiler, 1948 yılında İsrail'in kuruluşuyla Diyarbakır'ı\ntamamen terk etmişlerdir. Tanzimat sonrası Diyarbakır Yahudilerinin tarihi serüvenlerine bir girizgâh yapma\niddiasında olan bu makale, Diyarbakır Şehir tarihi ile Yahudi Tarihi araştırmalarına katkı sağlamayı\nhedeflemektedir.\n\nA REVIEW AT THE DIYARBAKIR JEWS DURING THE TANZIMAT ERA\n(1839-1873)\nABSTRACT\nThe kingdom of the king-prophet Solomon was divided into two parts as Israel and Judah after his\ndeath. With the collapse of these kingdoms a number Jews came and settled in the Mesopotamia. The origins\nthe Diyarbakir Jews goes back to this episode in history. The Jews who lived in Diyarbakır for hundreds of\nyears abandoned the city to move to the State of Israel in 1948. This short article aims to shed some new\nlights on the Diyarbakır Jews during the Tanzimat Era and thus to contribute to the Jewish studies in general\nand to the history of Diyarbakir city in particular.\nKey Words: Mesopotamia, Diyarbakır, Jews, Tanzimat, Israel","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":58146760,"asset_id":38117113,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3172558,"first_name":"Mustafa","last_name":"Oksuz","domain_name":"mimarsinan","page_name":"MustafaOksuz","display_name":"Mustafa Oksuz","profile_url":"https://mimarsinan.academia.edu/MustafaOksuz?f_ri=1187","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3172558/17443399/32416471/s65_mustafa.oksuz.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":983,"name":"Jewish Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jewish_Studies?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false},{"id":1187,"name":"Ottoman History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_History?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false},{"id":6627,"name":"Jewish History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jewish_History?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false},{"id":6755,"name":"Mesopotamia History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mesopotamia_History?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false},{"id":8122,"name":"Ottoman Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_Studies?f_ri=1187"},{"id":11208,"name":"Ottoman Empire","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_Empire?f_ri=1187"},{"id":26449,"name":"Ancient Mesopotamian Religions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Mesopotamian_Religions?f_ri=1187"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_31978351" data-work_id="31978351" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/31978351/The_Formation_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_from_a_World_Centric_Perspective">The Formation of the Ottoman Empire from a World-Centric Perspective</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/31978351" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="03b2928cf9a352b24e36f443cc86646c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":52250797,"asset_id":31978351,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/52250797/download_file?st=MTczMjUyMTc4NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="38358386" href="https://independent.academia.edu/barisunlu">Barış Ünlü</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="38358386" type="text/json">{"id":38358386,"first_name":"Barış","last_name":"Ünlü","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"barisunlu","display_name":"Barış Ünlü","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/barisunlu?f_ri=1187","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/38358386/16073329/16538590/s65_baris.unlu.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_31978351 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="31978351"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 31978351, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_31978351", }); 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East, Middle East, and Non-Western Modernity at the Turn of the Twentieth Century, New York 2014 (in German)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37030540" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6102b89722a5e35eef05060d407f1065" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":58096719,"asset_id":37030540,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58096719/download_file?st=MTczMjUyMTc4NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1195890" href="https://independent.academia.edu/UlrichBrandenburg">Ulrich Brandenburg</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1195890" type="text/json">{"id":1195890,"first_name":"Ulrich","last_name":"Brandenburg","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"UlrichBrandenburg","display_name":"Ulrich Brandenburg","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/UlrichBrandenburg?f_ri=1187","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1195890/915649/30101792/s65_ulrich.brandenburg.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_37030540 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="37030540"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 37030540, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_37030540", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=37030540]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_37030540").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_37030540").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="37030540"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1187" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_History">Ottoman History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1187" type="text/json">{"id":1187,"name":"Ottoman History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_History?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7757" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_Eastern_History">Middle Eastern History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7757" type="text/json">{"id":7757,"name":"Middle Eastern History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_Eastern_History?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9943" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Egyptian_History">Egyptian History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9943" type="text/json">{"id":9943,"name":"Egyptian History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Egyptian_History?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="961113" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Turkish_Japanese_Relations">Turkish Japanese Relations</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="961113" type="text/json">{"id":961113,"name":"Turkish Japanese Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Turkish_Japanese_Relations?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=37030540]'), work: {"id":37030540,"title":"Rezension zu: Renée Worringer, Ottomans Imagining Japan. East, Middle East, and Non-Western Modernity at the Turn of the Twentieth Century, New York 2014 (in German)","created_at":"2018-07-12T01:13:56.903-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/37030540/Rezension_zu_Ren%C3%A9e_Worringer_Ottomans_Imagining_Japan_East_Middle_East_and_Non_Western_Modernity_at_the_Turn_of_the_Twentieth_Century_New_York_2014_in_German_?f_ri=1187","dom_id":"work_37030540","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":58096719,"asset_id":37030540,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1195890,"first_name":"Ulrich","last_name":"Brandenburg","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"UlrichBrandenburg","display_name":"Ulrich Brandenburg","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/UlrichBrandenburg?f_ri=1187","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1195890/915649/30101792/s65_ulrich.brandenburg.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1187,"name":"Ottoman History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_History?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false},{"id":7757,"name":"Middle Eastern History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_Eastern_History?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false},{"id":9943,"name":"Egyptian History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Egyptian_History?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false},{"id":961113,"name":"Turkish Japanese Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Turkish_Japanese_Relations?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_38846839" data-work_id="38846839" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/38846839/Gelenek_Bildung_ve_Muhafazak%C3%A2rl%C4%B1k_Birikim_360_">Gelenek, Bildung ve Muhafazakârlık (Birikim 360)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Osmanlı'dan Türkiye'ye gelenek kavramının serencamına dair Bildung kavramı üzerinden bir müdahale denemesi.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/38846839" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7f6367146782b7160a95a607a5423b33" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":58941354,"asset_id":38846839,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58941354/download_file?st=MTczMjUyMTc4NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="265595" href="https://independent.academia.edu/TopalAlpEren">Alp Eren Topal</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="265595" type="text/json">{"id":265595,"first_name":"Alp Eren","last_name":"Topal","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"TopalAlpEren","display_name":"Alp Eren Topal","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/TopalAlpEren?f_ri=1187","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/265595/65330/145508046/s65_alp_eren.topal.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_38846839 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="38846839"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38846839, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_38846839", }); 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href="https://www.academia.edu/4719151/The_Ottoman_Imagery_of_Jacopo_Ligozzi_in_Medici_Florence">The Ottoman Imagery of Jacopo Ligozzi in Medici Florence</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/4719151" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ee562731543e59fdee35ba50ec7fe312" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50482339,"asset_id":4719151,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button 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type="text/json">{"id":8122,"name":"Ottoman Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_Studies?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15129" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_modern_Ottoman_History">Early modern Ottoman History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="15129" type="text/json">{"id":15129,"name":"Early modern Ottoman History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_modern_Ottoman_History?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15290" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_Balkans">Ottoman Balkans</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="15290" type="text/json">{"id":15290,"name":"Ottoman Balkans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_Balkans?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=29211462]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_29211462").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_29211462").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="29211462"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1187" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_History">Ottoman History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1187" type="text/json">{"id":1187,"name":"Ottoman History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_History?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11208" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11208" type="text/json">{"id":11208,"name":"Ottoman Empire","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_Empire?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="31467" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_and_Social_History_of_the_Ottoman_Empire">Economic and Social History of the Ottoman Empire</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="31467" type="text/json">{"id":31467,"name":"Economic and Social History of the Ottoman Empire","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_and_Social_History_of_the_Ottoman_Empire?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=29211462]'), work: {"id":29211462,"title":"Carullah Efendi'nin Cifir ve Tıp İlimlerine Dair Kitapları.pdf","created_at":"2016-10-17T05:15:39.557-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/29211462/Carullah_Efendinin_Cifir_ve_T%C4%B1p_%C4%B0limlerine_Dair_Kitaplar%C4%B1_pdf?f_ri=1187","dom_id":"work_29211462","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":49661911,"asset_id":29211462,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2708834,"first_name":"Fatih","last_name":"Usluer","domain_name":"boun","page_name":"FatihUsluer","display_name":"Fatih Usluer","profile_url":"https://boun.academia.edu/FatihUsluer?f_ri=1187","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2708834/1103811/86704668/s65_fatih.usluer.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1187,"name":"Ottoman History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_History?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false},{"id":11208,"name":"Ottoman Empire","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_Empire?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false},{"id":31467,"name":"Economic and Social History of the Ottoman Empire","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_and_Social_History_of_the_Ottoman_Empire?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_31878929" data-work_id="31878929" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/31878929/The_Dowry_of_the_State_The_Politics_of_Abandoned_Property_and_the_Population_Exchange_in_Turkey_1921_1945_University_of_Bamberg_Press_2017">The Dowry of the State? The Politics of Abandoned Property and the Population Exchange in Turkey, 1921-1945, University of Bamberg Press 2017</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">When the Greeks and surviving Armenians of present-day Turkey were forced to leave their homeland in 1922, the movable and immovable property they had to leave behind became known as „abandoned property“(emval-i metruke). In theory, this... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_31878929" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">When the Greeks and surviving Armenians of present-day Turkey were forced to leave their homeland in 1922, the movable and immovable property they had to leave behind became known as „abandoned property“(emval-i metruke). In theory, this legal term implied that the absent owners continued to enjoy their property rights and were represented by the state. In practice, however, their houses, fields and belongings were stolen. They were used for the immediate housing needs of the remaining population, distributed among the rich and powerful and sold in public auctions. Initially, only a small part of abandoned property was under control of the new Ankara government, which was eager to use it as a source of revenue for the empty state coffers. Before it could do so, however, the government had to deal with various forms of active and passive resistance: homeless people and refugees squatted „abandoned“ homes and fields, and members of parliament initially refused to pass laws that would have legalized government administration of „abandoned“ property. From 1924 onwards, the property compensation for among incoming migrants from Greece (the so-called exchangees) threatened the financial interests of the state and pitted the newcomers against the existing population. By focusing on all these aspects of the „abandoned property“ question and the multiple forms of resistance against its administration by the state, this book offers unique insights into the social and political history of early republican Turkey.zeige weniger</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/31878929" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5b61fd93bf862a3145cf75d0552fe9a5" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":52165593,"asset_id":31878929,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/52165593/download_file?st=MTczMjUyMTc4NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1412869" href="https://bamberg.academia.edu/EllinorMorack">Ellinor Morack</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1412869" type="text/json">{"id":1412869,"first_name":"Ellinor","last_name":"Morack","domain_name":"bamberg","page_name":"EllinorMorack","display_name":"Ellinor Morack","profile_url":"https://bamberg.academia.edu/EllinorMorack?f_ri=1187","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1412869/509683/94062925/s65_ellinor.morack.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_31878929 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="31878929"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 31878929, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_31878929", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=31878929]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_31878929").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_31878929").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="31878929"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1187" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_History">Ottoman History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1187" type="text/json">{"id":1187,"name":"Ottoman History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_History?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2961" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Property_Rights">Property Rights</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2961" type="text/json">{"id":2961,"name":"Property Rights","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Property_Rights?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3772" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Legal_History">Legal History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3772" type="text/json">{"id":3772,"name":"Legal History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Legal_History?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8122" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_Studies">Ottoman Studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="8122" type="text/json">{"id":8122,"name":"Ottoman Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_Studies?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=31878929]'), work: {"id":31878929,"title":"The Dowry of the State? The Politics of Abandoned Property and the Population Exchange in Turkey, 1921-1945, University of Bamberg Press 2017","created_at":"2017-03-15T08:42:23.489-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/31878929/The_Dowry_of_the_State_The_Politics_of_Abandoned_Property_and_the_Population_Exchange_in_Turkey_1921_1945_University_of_Bamberg_Press_2017?f_ri=1187","dom_id":"work_31878929","summary":"When the Greeks and surviving Armenians of present-day Turkey were forced to leave their homeland in 1922, the movable and immovable property they had to leave behind became known as „abandoned property“(emval-i metruke). In theory, this legal term implied that the absent owners continued to enjoy their property rights and were represented by the state. In practice, however, their houses, fields and belongings were stolen. They were used for the immediate housing needs of the remaining population, distributed among the rich and powerful and sold in public auctions. Initially, only a small part of abandoned property was under control of the new Ankara government, which was eager to use it as a source of revenue for the empty state coffers. Before it could do so, however, the government had to deal with various forms of active and passive resistance: homeless people and refugees squatted „abandoned“ homes and fields, and members of parliament initially refused to pass laws that would have legalized government administration of „abandoned“ property. From 1924 onwards, the property compensation for among incoming migrants from Greece (the so-called exchangees) threatened the financial interests of the state and pitted the newcomers against the existing population. By focusing on all these aspects of the „abandoned property“ question and the multiple forms of resistance against its administration by the state, this book offers unique insights into the social and political history of early republican Turkey.zeige weniger","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":52165593,"asset_id":31878929,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1412869,"first_name":"Ellinor","last_name":"Morack","domain_name":"bamberg","page_name":"EllinorMorack","display_name":"Ellinor Morack","profile_url":"https://bamberg.academia.edu/EllinorMorack?f_ri=1187","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1412869/509683/94062925/s65_ellinor.morack.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1187,"name":"Ottoman History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_History?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false},{"id":2961,"name":"Property Rights","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Property_Rights?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false},{"id":3772,"name":"Legal History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Legal_History?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false},{"id":8122,"name":"Ottoman Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_Studies?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false},{"id":8700,"name":"Turkish and Middle East Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Turkish_and_Middle_East_Studies?f_ri=1187"},{"id":26754,"name":"History of Modern Turkey","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Modern_Turkey?f_ri=1187"},{"id":37709,"name":"Armenian Genocide","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Armenian_Genocide?f_ri=1187"},{"id":63949,"name":"Ottoman Greeks","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_Greeks?f_ri=1187"},{"id":134693,"name":"Refugees and Forced Migration Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Refugees_and_Forced_Migration_Studies?f_ri=1187"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_42042415" data-work_id="42042415" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/42042415/POLAND_HUNGARY_AND_THE_TURKISH_MENACE_in_the_14th_and_the_beginning_of_the_15th_century">POLAND, HUNGARY, AND THE TURKISH MENACE in the 14th and the beginning of the 15th century</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">When king Ladislaus III took the Hungarian throne, Poland inherited the problem of the Turkish expansion in the Balkans. The young king was eager to undertake a new crusade against the Turks. Did it stand a chance? Was it still possible... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_42042415" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">When king Ladislaus III took the Hungarian throne, Poland inherited the problem of the Turkish expansion in the Balkans. The young king was eager to undertake a new crusade against the Turks. Did it stand a chance? Was it still possible to dislodge the Turks from the Balkans, and drive them back to Asia Minor? Was it at least possible to check the expansion and development of the Ottoman state in the Balkans? The answer to these questions is not easy. Certainly, on the turn of the 14th and 15th centuries, the Ottoman state was not yet an established power. It was an empire in making. Although the Turks had already become a permanent ethnic element in the Balkans, their political and military expansion could be stopped. Looking at the problem from the military point of view, it must be noted that the Turks could be defeated.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/42042415" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e669919f70eefe30a8bfd94801400217" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":62169422,"asset_id":42042415,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/62169422/download_file?st=MTczMjUyMTc4NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="41531878" href="https://independent.academia.edu/FormerNavalPerson">Former Naval Person</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="41531878" type="text/json">{"id":41531878,"first_name":"Former","last_name":"Naval Person","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"FormerNavalPerson","display_name":"Former Naval Person","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/FormerNavalPerson?f_ri=1187","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/41531878/11412105/34631071/s65_former.naval_person.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_42042415 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="42042415"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 42042415, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_42042415", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=42042415]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_42042415").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_42042415").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="42042415"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="133" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_History">Military History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="133" type="text/json">{"id":133,"name":"Military History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_History?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1187" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_History">Ottoman History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1187" type="text/json">{"id":1187,"name":"Ottoman History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_History?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15290" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_Balkans">Ottoman Balkans</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="15290" type="text/json">{"id":15290,"name":"Ottoman Balkans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_Balkans?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="33653" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman-Polish_Relations">Ottoman-Polish Relations</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="33653" type="text/json">{"id":33653,"name":"Ottoman-Polish Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman-Polish_Relations?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=42042415]'), work: {"id":42042415,"title":"POLAND, HUNGARY, AND THE TURKISH MENACE in the 14th and the beginning of the 15th century","created_at":"2020-02-22T05:54:51.918-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/42042415/POLAND_HUNGARY_AND_THE_TURKISH_MENACE_in_the_14th_and_the_beginning_of_the_15th_century?f_ri=1187","dom_id":"work_42042415","summary":"When king Ladislaus III took the Hungarian throne, Poland inherited the problem of the Turkish expansion in the Balkans. The young king was eager to undertake a new crusade against the Turks. Did it stand a chance? Was it still possible to dislodge the Turks from the Balkans, and drive them back to Asia Minor? Was it at least possible to check the expansion and development of the Ottoman state in the Balkans? The answer to these questions is not easy. Certainly, on the turn of the 14th and 15th centuries, the Ottoman state was not yet an established power. It was an empire in making. Although the Turks had already become a permanent ethnic element in the Balkans, their political and military expansion could be stopped. Looking at the problem from the military point of view, it must be noted that the Turks could be defeated.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":62169422,"asset_id":42042415,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":41531878,"first_name":"Former","last_name":"Naval Person","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"FormerNavalPerson","display_name":"Former Naval Person","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/FormerNavalPerson?f_ri=1187","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/41531878/11412105/34631071/s65_former.naval_person.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":133,"name":"Military History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_History?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false},{"id":1187,"name":"Ottoman History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_History?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false},{"id":15290,"name":"Ottoman Balkans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_Balkans?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false},{"id":33653,"name":"Ottoman-Polish Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman-Polish_Relations?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false},{"id":33654,"name":"East European History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/East_European_History?f_ri=1187"},{"id":412678,"name":"Ottoman Serbian Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_Serbian_Relations?f_ri=1187"},{"id":602466,"name":"Medieval Hungarian History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Hungarian_History?f_ri=1187"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_72073121" data-work_id="72073121" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/72073121/Two_RA_TA_Positions_in_Near_and_Middle_Eastern_Studies_Islamic_Studies_University_of_Bonn_AvH_Professur_Pfeiffer_Deadline_6_March_2022">Two RA/TA Positions in Near & Middle Eastern Studies/Islamic Studies, University of Bonn, AvH-Professur Pfeiffer - Deadline: 6 March 2022</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The Faculty of Arts and Letters of the University of Bonn is advertising two RA/TA positions which are attached to the Alexander von Humboldt-Chair for Islamic Studies (Prof. Dr. Judith Pfeiffer). Applicants should work towards a Ph.D. in... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_72073121" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The Faculty of Arts and Letters of the University of Bonn is advertising two RA/TA positions which are attached to the Alexander von Humboldt-Chair for Islamic Studies (Prof. Dr. Judith Pfeiffer). Applicants should work towards a Ph.D. in a relevant field. For more information please visit <br /><a href="https://www.uni-bonn.de/de/universitaet/medien-universitaet/medien-arbeiten-an-der-uni/medien-personalmanagement/pdfs-stellenausschreibungen-wiss.ma/07-22-3-202.pdf" rel="nofollow">https://www.uni-bonn.de/de/universitaet/medien-universitaet/medien-arbeiten-an-der-uni/medien-personalmanagement/pdfs-stellenausschreibungen-wiss.ma/07-22-3-202.pdf</a></div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/72073121" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="adc793e93357d1c685d41ad923243ab7" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":81149593,"asset_id":72073121,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/81149593/download_file?st=MTczMjUyMTc4NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4336699" href="https://uni-bonn.academia.edu/JudithPfeiffer">Judith Pfeiffer</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4336699" type="text/json">{"id":4336699,"first_name":"Judith","last_name":"Pfeiffer","domain_name":"uni-bonn","page_name":"JudithPfeiffer","display_name":"Judith Pfeiffer","profile_url":"https://uni-bonn.academia.edu/JudithPfeiffer?f_ri=1187","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4336699/50117966/38116882/s65_judith.pfeiffer.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_72073121 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="72073121"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 72073121, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_72073121", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=72073121]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_72073121").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_72073121").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="72073121"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1187" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_History">Ottoman History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1187" type="text/json">{"id":1187,"name":"Ottoman History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_History?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2015" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_East_Studies">Middle East Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2015" type="text/json">{"id":2015,"name":"Middle East Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_East_Studies?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3723" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Science">History of Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3723" type="text/json">{"id":3723,"name":"History of Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Science?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5218" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iranian_Studies">Iranian Studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="5218" type="text/json">{"id":5218,"name":"Iranian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iranian_Studies?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=72073121]'), work: {"id":72073121,"title":"Two RA/TA Positions in Near \u0026 Middle Eastern Studies/Islamic Studies, University of Bonn, AvH-Professur Pfeiffer - Deadline: 6 March 2022","created_at":"2022-02-21T01:35:49.412-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/72073121/Two_RA_TA_Positions_in_Near_and_Middle_Eastern_Studies_Islamic_Studies_University_of_Bonn_AvH_Professur_Pfeiffer_Deadline_6_March_2022?f_ri=1187","dom_id":"work_72073121","summary":"The Faculty of Arts and Letters of the University of Bonn is advertising two RA/TA positions which are attached to the Alexander von Humboldt-Chair for Islamic Studies (Prof. Dr. Judith Pfeiffer). Applicants should work towards a Ph.D. in a relevant field. For more information please visit \nhttps://www.uni-bonn.de/de/universitaet/medien-universitaet/medien-arbeiten-an-der-uni/medien-personalmanagement/pdfs-stellenausschreibungen-wiss.ma/07-22-3-202.pdf\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":81149593,"asset_id":72073121,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4336699,"first_name":"Judith","last_name":"Pfeiffer","domain_name":"uni-bonn","page_name":"JudithPfeiffer","display_name":"Judith Pfeiffer","profile_url":"https://uni-bonn.academia.edu/JudithPfeiffer?f_ri=1187","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4336699/50117966/38116882/s65_judith.pfeiffer.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1187,"name":"Ottoman History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_History?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false},{"id":2015,"name":"Middle East Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_East_Studies?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false},{"id":3723,"name":"History of 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History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_History?f_ri=1187"},{"id":15805,"name":"Safavids (Islamic History)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Safavids_Islamic_History_?f_ri=1187"},{"id":18924,"name":"Central Asian History (Area Studies)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Central_Asian_History_Area_Studies_?f_ri=1187"},{"id":35081,"name":"Islamic Intellectual History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Intellectual_History?f_ri=1187"},{"id":60575,"name":"Islamic Law and Legal Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Law_and_Legal_Theory?f_ri=1187"},{"id":81299,"name":"Islamic Manuscripts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Manuscripts?f_ri=1187"},{"id":165257,"name":"Islamic Historiography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Historiography?f_ri=1187"},{"id":335587,"name":"Mughal and Ilkhanid/Timurid Art \u0026 Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mughal_and_Ilkhanid_Timurid_Art_and_Architecture?f_ri=1187"},{"id":571509,"name":"Arabic and Islamic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arabic_and_Islamic_Studies?f_ri=1187"},{"id":991856,"name":"Turkish and Persian Poetry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Turkish_and_Persian_Poetry?f_ri=1187"},{"id":1223709,"name":"Islamic law and jurisprudence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_law_and_jurisprudence-1?f_ri=1187"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_11847155" data-work_id="11847155" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/11847155/Turquerie_and_the_Politics_of_Representation_1736_1876">Turquerie and the Politics of Representation 1736-1876</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/11847155" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0b7322bf9aa9b5d6e62ae205390f5dee" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":37244771,"asset_id":11847155,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button 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href="https://www.academia.edu/9186239/%CE%9B%CE%B1%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%A7%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%B4%CF%8D%CE%BB%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%BC%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%AC%CF%86%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%B7_%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9_%CF%83%CF%87%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82_%CF%84%CF%89%CE%BD_%CE%91%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%B4%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BE%CE%B5%CF%89%CE%BD_%CE%99%CF%83%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%8E%CE%BD_%CE%B2%CE%B9%CE%B2%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CE%91_%CE%93_">Λαόνικος Χαλκοκονδύλης, μετάφραση και σχολιασμός των "Αποδείξεων Ιστοριών" (βιβλία Α΄-Γ΄)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Extensive Greek summary of a PhD thesis submitted at King's College, London and subsequently published under the title: Laonikos Chalkokondyles, A Translation and Commentary of the “Demonstrations of Histories” (books I-III), Athens 1996,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_9186239" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Extensive Greek summary of a PhD thesis submitted at King's College, London and subsequently published under the title: Laonikos Chalkokondyles, A Translation and Commentary of the “Demonstrations of Histories” (books I-III), Athens 1996, pp. 388</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/9186239" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="fc2dde092b1f500303e572d48d3b1911" rel="nofollow" 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388","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":35468960,"asset_id":9186239,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":16542061,"first_name":"Nicholas","last_name":"Nikoloudis","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"NicholasNikoloudis","display_name":"Nicholas Nikoloudis","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/NicholasNikoloudis?f_ri=1187","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/16542061/5607820/6382701/s65_nicholas.nikoloudis.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":828,"name":"Greek History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greek_History?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false},{"id":1187,"name":"Ottoman History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_History?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false},{"id":1446,"name":"Medieval History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false},{"id":2603,"name":"Middle East 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href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_History">Ottoman History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1187" type="text/json">{"id":1187,"name":"Ottoman History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_History?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8122" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_Studies">Ottoman Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8122" type="text/json">{"id":8122,"name":"Ottoman Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_Studies?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11208" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11208" type="text/json">{"id":11208,"name":"Ottoman Empire","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_Empire?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="18629" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Late_Ottoman_Period">Late Ottoman Period</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="18629" type="text/json">{"id":18629,"name":"Late Ottoman Period","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Late_Ottoman_Period?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=15654713]'), work: {"id":15654713,"title":"Ottoman Galata and Pera between Myth and Reality","created_at":"2015-09-13T11:33:40.266-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/15654713/Ottoman_Galata_and_Pera_between_Myth_and_Reality?f_ri=1187","dom_id":"work_15654713","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":38755113,"asset_id":15654713,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4967417,"first_name":"Edhem","last_name":"Eldem","domain_name":"columbia","page_name":"EdhemEldem","display_name":"Edhem Eldem","profile_url":"https://columbia.academia.edu/EdhemEldem?f_ri=1187","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4967417/16677136/159030126/s65_edhem.eldem.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1187,"name":"Ottoman History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_History?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false},{"id":8122,"name":"Ottoman Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_Studies?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false},{"id":11208,"name":"Ottoman Empire","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_Empire?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false},{"id":18629,"name":"Late Ottoman Period","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Late_Ottoman_Period?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false},{"id":18630,"name":"Ottoman-Turkish Westernization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman-Turkish_Westernization?f_ri=1187"},{"id":31467,"name":"Economic and Social History of the Ottoman Empire","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_and_Social_History_of_the_Ottoman_Empire?f_ri=1187"},{"id":49418,"name":"History of Istanbul","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Istanbul?f_ri=1187"},{"id":144221,"name":"Istanbul","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Istanbul?f_ri=1187"},{"id":1031478,"name":"Urban Studies: Constantinople/Istanbul","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urban_Studies_Constantinople_Istanbul?f_ri=1187"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_5803412" data-work_id="5803412" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/5803412/_Blurred_Boundaries_between_Soldiers_and_Civilians_Artisan_Janissaries_in_Seventeenth_Century_Istanbul_In_Suraiya_Faroqhi_ed_Bread_from_the_Lions_Mouth_Artisans_Struggling_for_a_Livelihood_in_Ottoman_Cities_New_York_NY_USA_Berghahn_Books_2015">“Blurred Boundaries between Soldiers and Civilians: Artisan Janissaries in Seventeenth Century Istanbul.” In Suraiya Faroqhi ed., Bread from the Lion's Mouth: Artisans Struggling for a Livelihood in Ottoman Cities. New York, NY, USA: Berghahn Books, 2015</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/5803412" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="127dd3945515ed1168458cf310b8c68f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":37289840,"asset_id":5803412,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37289840/download_file?st=MTczMjUyMTc4NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2523468" href="https://akdeniz.academia.edu/GulayYilmaz">Gulay Yilmaz</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2523468" type="text/json">{"id":2523468,"first_name":"Gulay","last_name":"Yilmaz","domain_name":"akdeniz","page_name":"GulayYilmaz","display_name":"Gulay Yilmaz","profile_url":"https://akdeniz.academia.edu/GulayYilmaz?f_ri=1187","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2523468/786522/129170385/s65_gulay.yilmaz.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_5803412 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="5803412"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 5803412, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_5803412", }); 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Albanian translation of register edited by Eduart Caka</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/35536913" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6a1baa50662364dfe3018494603a1e67" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":55402435,"asset_id":35536913,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/55402435/download_file?st=MTczMjUyMTc4NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="230726" href="https://qsa.academia.edu/eduartcaka">eduart caka</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="230726" type="text/json">{"id":230726,"first_name":"eduart","last_name":"caka","domain_name":"qsa","page_name":"eduartcaka","display_name":"eduart caka","profile_url":"https://qsa.academia.edu/eduartcaka?f_ri=1187","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/230726/1609818/121972318/s65_eduart.caka.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_35536913 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="35536913"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 35536913, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_35536913", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=35536913]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_35536913").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_35536913").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="35536913"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1187" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_History">Ottoman History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1187" type="text/json">{"id":1187,"name":"Ottoman History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_History?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3066" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Albanian_Studies">Albanian Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3066" type="text/json">{"id":3066,"name":"Albanian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Albanian_Studies?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8122" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_Studies">Ottoman Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8122" type="text/json">{"id":8122,"name":"Ottoman Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_Studies?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11208" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_Empire">Ottoman Empire</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="11208" type="text/json">{"id":11208,"name":"Ottoman Empire","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_Empire?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=35536913]'), work: {"id":35536913,"title":"Regjistri i Sanxhakut te Arvanidit i vitit 1431/Hicri 835 tarihli suret-i defter-i sancak-i Arvanid","created_at":"2017-12-29T09:13:24.787-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/35536913/Regjistri_i_Sanxhakut_te_Arvanidit_i_vitit_1431_Hicri_835_tarihli_suret_i_defter_i_sancak_i_Arvanid?f_ri=1187","dom_id":"work_35536913","summary":"Albanian version of \"Hicri 835 tarihli suret-i defter-i sancak-i Arvanid\", published in Ankara by Halil Inalcik and transtlated into albanian language by Mykerem Janina. Albanian translation of register edited by Eduart Caka","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":55402435,"asset_id":35536913,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":230726,"first_name":"eduart","last_name":"caka","domain_name":"qsa","page_name":"eduartcaka","display_name":"eduart caka","profile_url":"https://qsa.academia.edu/eduartcaka?f_ri=1187","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/230726/1609818/121972318/s65_eduart.caka.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1187,"name":"Ottoman History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_History?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false},{"id":3066,"name":"Albanian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Albanian_Studies?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false},{"id":8122,"name":"Ottoman Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_Studies?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false},{"id":11208,"name":"Ottoman Empire","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_Empire?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false},{"id":42734,"name":"Albania","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Albania?f_ri=1187"},{"id":236394,"name":"Osmanlı Sosyo-Ekonomik Tarihi","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Osmanli_Sosyo-Ekonomik_Tarihi?f_ri=1187"},{"id":282117,"name":"Osmanlı İmparatorluğu","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Osmanli_Imparatorlugu?f_ri=1187"},{"id":298348,"name":"Osmanlı Tarihi","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Osmanl%C4%B1_Tarihi?f_ri=1187"},{"id":411211,"name":"Osmanlı Devleti","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Osmanl%C4%B1_Devleti?f_ri=1187"},{"id":515484,"name":"Ottoman Turkish historical writing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_Turkish_historical_writing?f_ri=1187"},{"id":743954,"name":"Albanian History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Albanian_History?f_ri=1187"},{"id":1209387,"name":"Hicrî 835 tarihli Sûret-i defter-i sancak-i Arvanid. (Copy of the register for A.H. 835 for the Sanjak of Albania)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hicri_835_tarihli_Suret-i_defter-i_sancak-i_Arvanid._Copy_of_the_register_for_A.H._835_for_the_Sanj?f_ri=1187"},{"id":2202736,"name":"Defteroloji","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Defteroloji?f_ri=1187"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_14543655" data-work_id="14543655" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14543655/_Atina_da_Kapadokyal%C4%B1_%C4%B0zmir_de_Atinal%C4%B1_%C4%B0stanbul_da_Mebus_Pavlos_Karolidis_in_Farkl%C4%B1_Ki%C5%9Filik_ve_Aidiyetleri_Toplumsal_Tarih_no_257_May_2015_28_35">“Atina’da Kapadokyalı, İzmir’de Atinalı, İstanbul’da Mebus: Pavlos Karolidis’in Farklı Kişilik ve Aidiyetleri,” Toplumsal Tarih, no. 257 (May 2015), 28-35.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/14543655" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4ceead1e6bb099e08747062240f54e81" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":38350824,"asset_id":14543655,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" 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href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_History">Ottoman History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1187" type="text/json">{"id":1187,"name":"Ottoman History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_History?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="31467" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_and_Social_History_of_the_Ottoman_Empire">Economic and Social History of the Ottoman Empire</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="31467" type="text/json">{"id":31467,"name":"Economic and Social History of the Ottoman Empire","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_and_Social_History_of_the_Ottoman_Empire?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=14543655]'), work: {"id":14543655,"title":"“Atina’da Kapadokyalı, İzmir’de Atinalı, İstanbul’da Mebus: Pavlos Karolidis’in Farklı Kişilik 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href="https://www.academia.edu/39112686/_Deniz_Ticaretinin_Kayna%C4%9F%C4%B1_Olarak_Trablus%C5%9Fam_Kad%C4%B1_Sicilleri_Tripoli_Kad%C4%B1_Registers_as_a_Source_of_Maritime_Trade_">“Deniz Ticaretinin Kaynağı Olarak Trablusşam Kadı Sicilleri ” “Tripoli Kadı Registers as a Source of Maritime Trade”</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Osmanlıların hakimiyeti altındaki Bilâd-ı Şâm tarihsel coğrafyasının sahil kesimindeki Trablusşam Eyaleti’nin sınırları dahilinde yer alan Trablus, Cebele, Lazkiye, Tartus ve Banyas iskeleleri doğu-batı ticaretinde önemli bir yere... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_39112686" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Osmanlıların hakimiyeti altındaki Bilâd-ı Şâm tarihsel coğrafyasının sahil kesimindeki Trablusşam Eyaleti’nin sınırları dahilinde yer alan Trablus, Cebele, Lazkiye, Tartus ve Banyas  iskeleleri doğu-batı ticaretinde önemli bir yere sahiptir. Trablus kadılarının tutmuş oldukları siciller bu iskelelerde yapılan ticaretle ilgili malumatı ihtiva etmeleri bakımından Doğu Akdeniz ticaretinin kaynakları arasında yer alır. Söz konusu kadı sicillerine, birkaçı müstesna, Türkiye’deki kütüphane, araştırma merkezi ve arşivlerde rastlamak mümkün değildir. Bu bildiride, bu kaynak üzerinde yapılan incelemeler sonucunda varılan bilgilere dair birtakım gözlemler paylaşılmıştır. Yapılan incelemelerde, Trablusşam Eyaleti’nin paşa-sancağı olan Trablus’ta görev yapmış olan kadıların tuttukları kayıtlardan 17. ve 18. yüzyıllarla ilgili olanlar üzerinde durulmuştur.<br />Trablusşam şerʻiye sicillerinde kayıtlı olan belgeleri genel olarak ikiye ayırmak mümkündür. Belgelerin büyük bir kısmı, kadıların Trablus ahalisinin günlük hayatıyla alakalı olarak baktıkları davalara ait kayıtlardan oluşur. Diğer belgeler arasında eyaletteki mukataalara ait iltizam hüccetleri, vakıfların işleyişi ile alakalı belgeler ve bizzat valilerin idarî-malî kontrolle alakalı yazışmalarını yansıtan kayıtlar yer almaktadır. Ayrıca valilere veya kadılara merkezî hükümet tarafından gönderilen ferman, berat, nişan, sebeb-i tahrîr hükmü suretleri gibi evâmir-i sultânî kategorisinde değerlendirilmesi mümkün olan kayıtlara hemen her ciltte rastlamak mümkündür. Söz konusu belgelerin içerikleri incelendiğinde, tütün, zeytin yağı, sabun, pamuk pamuk ipliği gibi ticari emtianın ihracında nasıl bir vergilendirmeye gidildiği, iskelelerdeki ticari faaliyetin güvenliği için ne gibi önlemlerin alındığı konuları hakkında verilere rastlanabilmektedir. Ayrıca bu defterlerden, gümrük ticaretinde devlet kontrolünün sağlanmasında hangi hususlara ehemmiyet verildiğine dair malumat edinmek mümkündür.<br /><br />Anahtar Kelimeler / Keywords:<br />Trablusşam Eyaleti, Trablus kadı sicilleri, pamuk, zeytin yağı, tütün</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/39112686" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d7a2172aa2b0cf82e8fb6868d0cdaa5e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":59232482,"asset_id":39112686,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/59232482/download_file?st=MTczMjUyMTc4NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4712502" href="https://kirklareliuniversity.academia.edu/MetinKoc">Yahya Koç</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4712502" type="text/json">{"id":4712502,"first_name":"Yahya","last_name":"Koç","domain_name":"kirklareliuniversity","page_name":"MetinKoc","display_name":"Yahya Koç","profile_url":"https://kirklareliuniversity.academia.edu/MetinKoc?f_ri=1187","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4712502/1989947/94195645/s65_yahya.ko_.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_39112686 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="39112686"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 39112686, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_39112686", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=39112686]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_39112686").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_39112686").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="39112686"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1187" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_History">Ottoman History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1187" type="text/json">{"id":1187,"name":"Ottoman History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_History?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="48296" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_Arab_Provinces">Ottoman Arab Provinces</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="48296" type="text/json">{"id":48296,"name":"Ottoman Arab Provinces","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_Arab_Provinces?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="227338" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Levant_Trade">Levant Trade</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="227338" type="text/json">{"id":227338,"name":"Levant Trade","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Levant_Trade?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=39112686]'), work: {"id":39112686,"title":"“Deniz Ticaretinin Kaynağı Olarak Trablusşam Kadı Sicilleri ” “Tripoli Kadı Registers as a Source of Maritime Trade”","created_at":"2019-05-13T02:06:12.766-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/39112686/_Deniz_Ticaretinin_Kayna%C4%9F%C4%B1_Olarak_Trablus%C5%9Fam_Kad%C4%B1_Sicilleri_Tripoli_Kad%C4%B1_Registers_as_a_Source_of_Maritime_Trade_?f_ri=1187","dom_id":"work_39112686","summary":"Osmanlıların hakimiyeti altındaki Bilâd-ı Şâm tarihsel coğrafyasının sahil kesimindeki Trablusşam Eyaleti’nin sınırları dahilinde yer alan Trablus, Cebele, Lazkiye, Tartus ve Banyas iskeleleri doğu-batı ticaretinde önemli bir yere sahiptir. Trablus kadılarının tutmuş oldukları siciller bu iskelelerde yapılan ticaretle ilgili malumatı ihtiva etmeleri bakımından Doğu Akdeniz ticaretinin kaynakları arasında yer alır. Söz konusu kadı sicillerine, birkaçı müstesna, Türkiye’deki kütüphane, araştırma merkezi ve arşivlerde rastlamak mümkün değildir. Bu bildiride, bu kaynak üzerinde yapılan incelemeler sonucunda varılan bilgilere dair birtakım gözlemler paylaşılmıştır. Yapılan incelemelerde, Trablusşam Eyaleti’nin paşa-sancağı olan Trablus’ta görev yapmış olan kadıların tuttukları kayıtlardan 17. ve 18. yüzyıllarla ilgili olanlar üzerinde durulmuştur.\nTrablusşam şerʻiye sicillerinde kayıtlı olan belgeleri genel olarak ikiye ayırmak mümkündür. Belgelerin büyük bir kısmı, kadıların Trablus ahalisinin günlük hayatıyla alakalı olarak baktıkları davalara ait kayıtlardan oluşur. Diğer belgeler arasında eyaletteki mukataalara ait iltizam hüccetleri, vakıfların işleyişi ile alakalı belgeler ve bizzat valilerin idarî-malî kontrolle alakalı yazışmalarını yansıtan kayıtlar yer almaktadır. Ayrıca valilere veya kadılara merkezî hükümet tarafından gönderilen ferman, berat, nişan, sebeb-i tahrîr hükmü suretleri gibi evâmir-i sultânî kategorisinde değerlendirilmesi mümkün olan kayıtlara hemen her ciltte rastlamak mümkündür. Söz konusu belgelerin içerikleri incelendiğinde, tütün, zeytin yağı, sabun, pamuk pamuk ipliği gibi ticari emtianın ihracında nasıl bir vergilendirmeye gidildiği, iskelelerdeki ticari faaliyetin güvenliği için ne gibi önlemlerin alındığı konuları hakkında verilere rastlanabilmektedir. Ayrıca bu defterlerden, gümrük ticaretinde devlet kontrolünün sağlanmasında hangi hususlara ehemmiyet verildiğine dair malumat edinmek mümkündür.\n\nAnahtar Kelimeler / Keywords:\nTrablusşam Eyaleti, Trablus kadı sicilleri, pamuk, zeytin yağı, tütün \n\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":59232482,"asset_id":39112686,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4712502,"first_name":"Yahya","last_name":"Koç","domain_name":"kirklareliuniversity","page_name":"MetinKoc","display_name":"Yahya Koç","profile_url":"https://kirklareliuniversity.academia.edu/MetinKoc?f_ri=1187","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4712502/1989947/94195645/s65_yahya.ko_.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1187,"name":"Ottoman History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_History?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false},{"id":48296,"name":"Ottoman Arab Provinces","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_Arab_Provinces?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false},{"id":227338,"name":"Levant Trade","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Levant_Trade?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_39654523" data-work_id="39654523" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/39654523/Ayk%C4%B1r%C4%B1_Vak%C4%B1flar_Osmanl%C4%B1da_Fukar%C3%A2_y%C4%B1_M%C3%BCslim%C3%AEni_de_G%C3%B6zeten_Gayrim%C3%BCslim_Vak%C4%B1flar%C4%B1_Unusual_Foundations_in_the_Ottoman_Empire_Non_Muslim_Waqfs_and_also_those_for_Poor_Muslims_">Aykırı Vakıflar: Osmanlıda Fukarâ-yı Müslimîni de Gözeten Gayrimüslim Vakıfları / Unusual Foundations in the Ottoman Empire: Non-Muslim Waqfs and also those for “Poor Muslims”</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Abstract: This work investigates fourteen non-Muslim (Christian and Jewish) waqfs and also those for “poor Muslims”. In the literature this is the first work to shed light on “unusual waqfs” which are unusual among innumerable non-Muslim... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_39654523" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Abstract: This work investigates fourteen non-Muslim (Christian and Jewish) waqfs and also those for “poor Muslims”. In the literature this is the first work to shed light on “unusual waqfs” which are unusual among innumerable non-Muslim waqfs. Five of these waqfs are charitable, and the other nine ones are ahlî (family) waqf in type. The names of these waqf founders are as following: Âkile bt. Harun b. İbrahim (Jewish), Mansur b. Abdullah (Jewish), Gâliye bt. Sadun Kallâş (Jewish), Musa b. Davut b. Yakub (Jewish), Süleyman b. Davud (Jewish), Panayot veled-i [v.] Rafir (Greek), Semha bint-i [bt.] Musa (Jewish), Benyamin v. Musa (Jewish), Limon v. Yani (Greek), Halepli Sefer (Armenian), Sakyas v. Hacader v. Zirek (Armenian), Anica bt. Radul v. Angili (Greek), Mihail v. Toma (Greek) ve Nikolaki v. Şahin (Greek).<br /><br />The work is divided into two parts. In the first part, the legal background which allowed foundations to be set up for non-Muslims will be given with regard to its basis in history. The place and development of these foundations in Islamic and Ottoman history will be summarized retrospectively. The ideas of Shaykh al-Islam Ebussuud Efendi, who shaped the legal framework of non-Muslim foundations, will be examined in this context. In the second part, fourteen waqfs in question will be examined and the copies of the related documents (waqf deeds) will be found in facsimile form in an appendix. It has been hoped to arrive at the concept of a consensus for the perception of charity for the subjects of the Ottoman Empire, regardless of their religious identity.<br /><br />Öz: Bu çalışma, fukarâ-yı Müslimînin yararını da gözeten on dört gayrimüslim (Hıristiyan ve Yahudi) vakfını ele almaktadır. Sayısız gayrimüslim vakfı arasında farklı bir yerde duran “aykırı vakıflar”a, literatürde ilk defa bu çalışma ile ışık tutulmaktadır. Osmanlı döneminde kurulan söz konusu vakıfların beşi hayrî, dokuzu ise ehlî (aile, zürrî) vakıf niteliğindedir. Vakıfların kurucuları şunlardır: Âkile? bt. Harun b. İbrahim (Yahudi), Mansur b. Abdullah (Yahudi), Gâliye bt. Sadun Kallâş (Yahudi), Musa b. Davud b. Yakub (Yahudi), Panayot v. Rafir (Rum), Semha bt. Musa (Yahudi), Benyamin v. Musa (Yahudi), Limon v. Yani (Rum), Halepli Sefer (Ermeni), Sakyas v. Hacader v. Zirek (Ermeni), Anica bt. Radul v. Angili (Rum), Mihail v. Toma (Rum) ve Nikolaki v. Şahin (Rum).<br /><br />Çalışma iki bölümden oluşmaktadır. Birinci bölümde, tarihsel bir temel oluşturması bakımından gayrimüslimlerin vakıf kurmalarına imkân veren hukuki arka plan ele alınacak, bu vakıfların İslâm ve Osmanlı tarihindeki yeri ve gelişimi retrospektif açıdan incelenecektir. Osmanlıda gayrimüslim vakıflarına hukuki bir zemin kazandıran Şeyhülislâm Ebussuud Efendi’nin görüşleri de bu bağlamda tartışılacaktır. İkinci bölümde on dört vakıf incelenecek, ilgili vakfiye ve belgelerin kopyaları çalışmanın sonunda verilecektir. Bu vakıflarla ilgili ayrıntıların açıklığa kavuşturulması ile, dinî aidiyetleri ne olursa olsun, tebaa arasında var olan geçişkenlik ve vakıf kültürü gibi konular hakkında bir yoruma ulaşılması umulmaktadır.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/39654523" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c336112b428fab605dba0086b1166d61" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":59819747,"asset_id":39654523,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/59819747/download_file?st=MTczMjUyMTc4NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3943127" href="https://medeniyet.academia.edu/KenanY%C4%B1ld%C4%B1z">Kenan Yıldız</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3943127" type="text/json">{"id":3943127,"first_name":"Kenan","last_name":"Yıldız","domain_name":"medeniyet","page_name":"KenanYıldız","display_name":"Kenan Yıldız","profile_url":"https://medeniyet.academia.edu/KenanY%C4%B1ld%C4%B1z?f_ri=1187","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3943127/2103716/74887858/s65_kenan.y_ld_z.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_39654523 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="39654523"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 39654523, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_39654523", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=39654523]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_39654523").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_39654523").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="39654523"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1187" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_History">Ottoman History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1187" type="text/json">{"id":1187,"name":"Ottoman History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_History?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="31467" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_and_Social_History_of_the_Ottoman_Empire">Economic and Social History of the Ottoman Empire</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="31467" type="text/json">{"id":31467,"name":"Economic and Social History of the Ottoman Empire","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_and_Social_History_of_the_Ottoman_Empire?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="98904" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Pious_Endowments_awqaf_">Islamic Pious Endowments (awqaf)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="98904" type="text/json">{"id":98904,"name":"Islamic Pious Endowments (awqaf)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Pious_Endowments_awqaf_?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3290330" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Non-Muslim_pious_foundations">Non-Muslim pious foundations</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3290330" type="text/json">{"id":3290330,"name":"Non-Muslim pious foundations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Non-Muslim_pious_foundations?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=39654523]'), work: {"id":39654523,"title":"Aykırı Vakıflar: Osmanlıda Fukarâ-yı Müslimîni de Gözeten Gayrimüslim Vakıfları / Unusual Foundations in the Ottoman Empire: Non-Muslim Waqfs and also those for “Poor Muslims”","created_at":"2019-06-21T07:29:50.539-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/39654523/Ayk%C4%B1r%C4%B1_Vak%C4%B1flar_Osmanl%C4%B1da_Fukar%C3%A2_y%C4%B1_M%C3%BCslim%C3%AEni_de_G%C3%B6zeten_Gayrim%C3%BCslim_Vak%C4%B1flar%C4%B1_Unusual_Foundations_in_the_Ottoman_Empire_Non_Muslim_Waqfs_and_also_those_for_Poor_Muslims_?f_ri=1187","dom_id":"work_39654523","summary":"Abstract: This work investigates fourteen non-Muslim (Christian and Jewish) waqfs and also those for “poor Muslims”. In the literature this is the first work to shed light on “unusual waqfs” which are unusual among innumerable non-Muslim waqfs. Five of these waqfs are charitable, and the other nine ones are ahlî (family) waqf in type. The names of these waqf founders are as following: Âkile bt. Harun b. İbrahim (Jewish), Mansur b. Abdullah (Jewish), Gâliye bt. Sadun Kallâş (Jewish), Musa b. Davut b. Yakub (Jewish), Süleyman b. Davud (Jewish), Panayot veled-i [v.] Rafir (Greek), Semha bint-i [bt.] Musa (Jewish), Benyamin v. Musa (Jewish), Limon v. Yani (Greek), Halepli Sefer (Armenian), Sakyas v. Hacader v. Zirek (Armenian), Anica bt. Radul v. Angili (Greek), Mihail v. Toma (Greek) ve Nikolaki v. Şahin (Greek).\n\nThe work is divided into two parts. In the first part, the legal background which allowed foundations to be set up for non-Muslims will be given with regard to its basis in history. The place and development of these foundations in Islamic and Ottoman history will be summarized retrospectively. The ideas of Shaykh al-Islam Ebussuud Efendi, who shaped the legal framework of non-Muslim foundations, will be examined in this context. In the second part, fourteen waqfs in question will be examined and the copies of the related documents (waqf deeds) will be found in facsimile form in an appendix. It has been hoped to arrive at the concept of a consensus for the perception of charity for the subjects of the Ottoman Empire, regardless of their religious identity.\n\nÖz: Bu çalışma, fukarâ-yı Müslimînin yararını da gözeten on dört gayrimüslim (Hıristiyan ve Yahudi) vakfını ele almaktadır. Sayısız gayrimüslim vakfı arasında farklı bir yerde duran “aykırı vakıflar”a, literatürde ilk defa bu çalışma ile ışık tutulmaktadır. Osmanlı döneminde kurulan söz konusu vakıfların beşi hayrî, dokuzu ise ehlî (aile, zürrî) vakıf niteliğindedir. Vakıfların kurucuları şunlardır: Âkile? bt. Harun b. İbrahim (Yahudi), Mansur b. Abdullah (Yahudi), Gâliye bt. Sadun Kallâş (Yahudi), Musa b. Davud b. Yakub (Yahudi), Panayot v. Rafir (Rum), Semha bt. Musa (Yahudi), Benyamin v. Musa (Yahudi), Limon v. Yani (Rum), Halepli Sefer (Ermeni), Sakyas v. Hacader v. Zirek (Ermeni), Anica bt. Radul v. Angili (Rum), Mihail v. Toma (Rum) ve Nikolaki v. Şahin (Rum).\n\nÇalışma iki bölümden oluşmaktadır. Birinci bölümde, tarihsel bir temel oluşturması bakımından gayrimüslimlerin vakıf kurmalarına imkân veren hukuki arka plan ele alınacak, bu vakıfların İslâm ve Osmanlı tarihindeki yeri ve gelişimi retrospektif açıdan incelenecektir. Osmanlıda gayrimüslim vakıflarına hukuki bir zemin kazandıran Şeyhülislâm Ebussuud Efendi’nin görüşleri de bu bağlamda tartışılacaktır. İkinci bölümde on dört vakıf incelenecek, ilgili vakfiye ve belgelerin kopyaları çalışmanın sonunda verilecektir. Bu vakıflarla ilgili ayrıntıların açıklığa kavuşturulması ile, dinî aidiyetleri ne olursa olsun, tebaa arasında var olan geçişkenlik ve vakıf kültürü gibi konular hakkında bir yoruma ulaşılması umulmaktadır.\n\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":59819747,"asset_id":39654523,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3943127,"first_name":"Kenan","last_name":"Yıldız","domain_name":"medeniyet","page_name":"KenanYıldız","display_name":"Kenan Yıldız","profile_url":"https://medeniyet.academia.edu/KenanY%C4%B1ld%C4%B1z?f_ri=1187","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3943127/2103716/74887858/s65_kenan.y_ld_z.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1187,"name":"Ottoman History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_History?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false},{"id":31467,"name":"Economic and Social History of the Ottoman Empire","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_and_Social_History_of_the_Ottoman_Empire?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false},{"id":98904,"name":"Islamic Pious Endowments (awqaf)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Pious_Endowments_awqaf_?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false},{"id":3290330,"name":"Non-Muslim pious foundations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Non-Muslim_pious_foundations?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_33519653" data-work_id="33519653" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/33519653/Building_and_Deconstructing_Authenticity_in_Aleppo_Heritage_between_Conservation_Transformation_Destruction_and_Re_Invention">Building and Deconstructing Authenticity in Aleppo. Heritage between Conservation, Transformation, Destruction and Re-Invention</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The concept of authenticity, as defined in international circles between the 1960s and the 1994 Nara Conference on Heritage, has been one of the main instruments used to define policies aiming at heritage protection during the last few... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_33519653" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The concept of authenticity, as defined in international circles between the 1960s and the 1994 Nara Conference on Heritage, has been one of the main instruments used to define policies aiming at heritage protection during the last few decades. The concept also became more than an instrument: it shaped entire approaches to the question of the built heritage and to the process – social and political – aiming at its conservation and restoration. For this reason, it has been the object of intense discussions, with scholars and activists denouncing some of its founding ambiguities as being tied to static and sometimes culturalist conceptions of history, to colonial visions, and to policies of social segregation. The object of this chapter is to reflect on such debates around the case of the city of Aleppo, and particularly around the way its medieval and Ottoman built heritage was dealt with in the period of the Ottoman reforms of the second half of the 19th century, the period of French colonial occupation, and the various phases of independence up to its present- day tragic destruction.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/33519653" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="93a6e5acadfda8939617eecd31435625" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":53892994,"asset_id":33519653,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53892994/download_file?st=MTczMjUyMTc4NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="613665" href="https://zmo.academia.edu/NoraLafi">Nora Lafi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="613665" type="text/json">{"id":613665,"first_name":"Nora","last_name":"Lafi","domain_name":"zmo","page_name":"NoraLafi","display_name":"Nora Lafi","profile_url":"https://zmo.academia.edu/NoraLafi?f_ri=1187","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/613665/217523/256108/s65_nora.lafi.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_33519653 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="33519653"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 33519653, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_33519653", }); 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Heritage between Conservation, Transformation, Destruction and Re-Invention","created_at":"2017-06-17T04:04:21.643-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/33519653/Building_and_Deconstructing_Authenticity_in_Aleppo_Heritage_between_Conservation_Transformation_Destruction_and_Re_Invention?f_ri=1187","dom_id":"work_33519653","summary":"The concept of authenticity, as defined in international circles between the 1960s and the 1994 Nara Conference on Heritage, has been one of the main instruments used to define policies aiming at heritage protection during the last few decades. The concept also became more than an instrument: it shaped entire approaches to the question of the built heritage and to the process – social and political – aiming at its conservation and restoration. For this reason, it has been the object of intense discussions, with scholars and activists denouncing some of its founding ambiguities as being tied to static and sometimes culturalist conceptions of history, to colonial visions, and to policies of social segregation. The object of this chapter is to reflect on such debates around the case of the city of Aleppo, and particularly around the way its medieval and Ottoman built heritage was dealt with in the period of the Ottoman reforms of the second half of the 19th century, the period of French colonial occupation, and the various phases of independence up to its present- day tragic destruction.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":53892994,"asset_id":33519653,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":613665,"first_name":"Nora","last_name":"Lafi","domain_name":"zmo","page_name":"NoraLafi","display_name":"Nora Lafi","profile_url":"https://zmo.academia.edu/NoraLafi?f_ri=1187","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/613665/217523/256108/s65_nora.lafi.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1187,"name":"Ottoman History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_History?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false},{"id":2015,"name":"Middle East 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class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Chapter 7 of The Medieval and Ottoman Hajj Route in Jordan</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/12012449" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="153d1c1d7bdd96e20a06bc6e72204b1f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":37350182,"asset_id":12012449,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" 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History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_History?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false},{"id":1344,"name":"Islamic Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Archaeology?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false},{"id":12887,"name":"Islamic' Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Architecture?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false},{"id":14254,"name":"Archaeology of Buildings","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology_of_Buildings?f_ri=1187"},{"id":15392,"name":"Jordan","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jordan?f_ri=1187"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_40992094" data-work_id="40992094" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/40992094/A_BRIEF_OVERVIEW_OF_THE_ERA_OF_THE_CHAGATAI_KHAN_TARMASHIRIN_%C3%87a%C4%9Fatay_Han%C4%B1_Tarma%C5%9Firin_D%C3%B6nemine_K%C4%B1sa_Bir_Bak%C4%B1%C5%9F">A BRIEF OVERVIEW OF THE ERA OF THE CHAGATAI KHAN TARMASHIRIN Çağatay Hanı Tarmaşirin Dönemine Kısa Bir Bakış</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Cengiz Han’ın ölümü ile birlikte onun kurmuş olduğu büyük imparatorluk oğulları arasında pay edilmiştir. Çağatay Han, Doğu ve Batı Türkistan’ın hemen hemen bütün bölgelerinde hakimiyet kurmuştur. Çağatay Hanlığı dini çeşitlilik... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_40992094" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Cengiz Han’ın ölümü ile birlikte onun kurmuş olduğu büyük imparatorluk oğulları arasında pay edilmiştir. Çağatay Han,  Doğu ve Batı Türkistan’ın hemen hemen bütün bölgelerinde hakimiyet kurmuştur. Çağatay Hanlığı dini çeşitlilik bakımından kozmopolit bir yapıya sahiptir. Çagatay Han bu bölgelerde hakimiyetini sağlamlaştırmak maksadı ile istimâlet politikası gütmüştür. 1326 tarihinde Tarmaşirin Han Çağatay Hanlığı’nın hükümdarlığına geçmiş ve Müslümanlığı kabul ettikten sonra Alâeddin adını almıştır. Tarmaşirin’in İslamiyet’i kabul etmesi ile birlikte İslam ülkeleri ve Çağatay Hanlığı arasındaki ticari ve siyasi ilişkiler gelişme göstermiştir. Tarmaşirin’in İslam ülkeleri ile iyi ilişkiler içinde olması Moğol gelenek ve göreneklerine bağlı bazı kesimler tarafından hoş karşılanmamış ve Tarmaşirin’in amcaoğlu Bûzun’a bağlılıklarını bildirmişlerdir. Çağatay Hanlığı’nı yeniden canlandırmak isteyen gelenekçi Yedisu ve Cungarya’da bulunan Moğol beyleri Tarmaşirin’i tahttan indirerek onu öldürmüşlerdir. Tarmaşirin Han’ın öldürülmesi üzerine çıkan karışıklıklar ve istikrarsızlık hanlığın çöküşüne kadar gitmiştir. Siyasi bir birlikteliğin olmaması sonucu  Çağatay ulusu ikiye ayrılmıştır. Birisi yerleşik ve halkın çoğunluğu Müslüman olan Maverâünnehir, diğeri ise Moğol gelenek ve göreneklerine bağlı, atlı-göçebe kültürünü devam ettiren Moğolistan olmuştur.<br /><br />With the death of Genghis Khan, the great empire he founded was shared among his sons. Chagatai Khan established dominance in almost all the regions of East and West Turkistan. Chagatai Khanate has a cosmopolitan structure in terms of<br />religious diversity. Chagatai Khan pursued a policy of exploitation in order to consolidate his dominance in these regions. In 1326, Tarmashirin Khan became the ruler of Chagatai Khanate and took the name Alaeddin after converting to Islam. With<br />Tarmashirin's adoption of Islam, trade and political relations between Islamic countries and Chagatai Khanate developed. The fact that Tarmashirin had good relations with Islamic countries was not welcomed by some sections of the Mongolian<br />traditions and customs and they announced their allegiance to his uncle's son Buzun. The traditional Mongolian lords in Yedisu and Dzungaria who wanted to revive the Chagatai Khanate, dethroned Tarmashirin and killed him. The turmoil and<br />instability following the killing of Tarmashirin Khan led all the way to the collapse of the khanate. As a result of the lack of political unity, the Chagatai nation was divided into two. One was the settled Transoxiana, the majority of which was<br />Muslim, and the other was Mongolia, which maintained its equestrian-nomadic culture, adhering to Mongolian traditions and customs.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/40992094" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d2892c67c188fc56e5a36a498b4eaba3" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":61273680,"asset_id":40992094,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/61273680/download_file?st=MTczMjUyMTc4NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="19179722" href="https://gantep.academia.edu/BaranG%C3%BCven%C3%A7">Baran Güvenç</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="19179722" type="text/json">{"id":19179722,"first_name":"Baran","last_name":"Güvenç","domain_name":"gantep","page_name":"BaranGüvenç","display_name":"Baran Güvenç","profile_url":"https://gantep.academia.edu/BaranG%C3%BCven%C3%A7?f_ri=1187","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/19179722/5345737/64932419/s65_baran.g_ven_.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_40992094 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="40992094"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 40992094, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_40992094", }); 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Çağatay Han, Doğu ve Batı Türkistan’ın hemen hemen bütün bölgelerinde hakimiyet kurmuştur. Çağatay Hanlığı dini çeşitlilik bakımından kozmopolit bir yapıya sahiptir. Çagatay Han bu bölgelerde hakimiyetini sağlamlaştırmak maksadı ile istimâlet politikası gütmüştür. 1326 tarihinde Tarmaşirin Han Çağatay Hanlığı’nın hükümdarlığına geçmiş ve Müslümanlığı kabul ettikten sonra Alâeddin adını almıştır. Tarmaşirin’in İslamiyet’i kabul etmesi ile birlikte İslam ülkeleri ve Çağatay Hanlığı arasındaki ticari ve siyasi ilişkiler gelişme göstermiştir. Tarmaşirin’in İslam ülkeleri ile iyi ilişkiler içinde olması Moğol gelenek ve göreneklerine bağlı bazı kesimler tarafından hoş karşılanmamış ve Tarmaşirin’in amcaoğlu Bûzun’a bağlılıklarını bildirmişlerdir. Çağatay Hanlığı’nı yeniden canlandırmak isteyen gelenekçi Yedisu ve Cungarya’da bulunan Moğol beyleri Tarmaşirin’i tahttan indirerek onu öldürmüşlerdir. Tarmaşirin Han’ın öldürülmesi üzerine çıkan karışıklıklar ve istikrarsızlık hanlığın çöküşüne kadar gitmiştir. Siyasi bir birlikteliğin olmaması sonucu Çağatay ulusu ikiye ayrılmıştır. Birisi yerleşik ve halkın çoğunluğu Müslüman olan Maverâünnehir, diğeri ise Moğol gelenek ve göreneklerine bağlı, atlı-göçebe kültürünü devam ettiren Moğolistan olmuştur.\n\nWith the death of Genghis Khan, the great empire he founded was shared among his sons. Chagatai Khan established dominance in almost all the regions of East and West Turkistan. Chagatai Khanate has a cosmopolitan structure in terms of\nreligious diversity. Chagatai Khan pursued a policy of exploitation in order to consolidate his dominance in these regions. In 1326, Tarmashirin Khan became the ruler of Chagatai Khanate and took the name Alaeddin after converting to Islam. With\nTarmashirin's adoption of Islam, trade and political relations between Islamic countries and Chagatai Khanate developed. The fact that Tarmashirin had good relations with Islamic countries was not welcomed by some sections of the Mongolian\ntraditions and customs and they announced their allegiance to his uncle's son Buzun. The traditional Mongolian lords in Yedisu and Dzungaria who wanted to revive the Chagatai Khanate, dethroned Tarmashirin and killed him. The turmoil and\ninstability following the killing of Tarmashirin Khan led all the way to the collapse of the khanate. As a result of the lack of political unity, the Chagatai nation was divided into two. One was the settled Transoxiana, the majority of which was\nMuslim, and the other was Mongolia, which maintained its equestrian-nomadic culture, adhering to Mongolian traditions and customs.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":61273680,"asset_id":40992094,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":19179722,"first_name":"Baran","last_name":"Güvenç","domain_name":"gantep","page_name":"BaranGüvenç","display_name":"Baran Güvenç","profile_url":"https://gantep.academia.edu/BaranG%C3%BCven%C3%A7?f_ri=1187","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/19179722/5345737/64932419/s65_baran.g_ven_.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1187,"name":"Ottoman History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_History?f_ri=1187","nofollow":false},{"id":6117,"name":"History of 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Türkçesi","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cagatay_Turkcesi?f_ri=1187"},{"id":1027639,"name":"Müslüman","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/M%C3%BCsl%C3%BCman?f_ri=1187"},{"id":1279354,"name":"Moğol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mogol?f_ri=1187"},{"id":1363366,"name":"Cengiz Han","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cengiz_Han?f_ri=1187"},{"id":2612554,"name":"Maveraünnehir","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mavera%C3%BCnnehir?f_ri=1187"},{"id":3136005,"name":"Çağatay Han","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/%C3%87a%C4%9Fatay_Han?f_ri=1187"},{"id":3454358,"name":"Tarmaşirin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tarma%C5%9Firin?f_ri=1187"},{"id":3454359,"name":"Atlı göçebe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Atl%C4%B1_g%C3%B6%C3%A7ebe?f_ri=1187"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card 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class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/32199544/Islamicate_Occultism_New_Perspectives_ed_Matthew_Melvin_Koushki_and_Noah_Gardiner_2017_">Islamicate Occultism: New Perspectives, ed. Matthew Melvin-Koushki and Noah Gardiner (2017)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Special double issue of Arabica, 64/3-4 (2017), 287-693 <br /> <br /><a href="https://brill.com/view/journals/arab/64/3-4/arab.64.issue-3-4.xml" rel="nofollow">https://brill.com/view/journals/arab/64/3-4/arab.64.issue-3-4.xml</a></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/32199544" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b6ed615e86b26eb4f4aaee8db0d5ee36" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":56831975,"asset_id":32199544,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56831975/download_file?st=MTczMjUyMTc4NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4245" href="https://sc.academia.edu/MatthewMelvinKoushki">Matthew Melvin-Koushki</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4245" type="text/json">{"id":4245,"first_name":"Matthew","last_name":"Melvin-Koushki","domain_name":"sc","page_name":"MatthewMelvinKoushki","display_name":"Matthew Melvin-Koushki","profile_url":"https://sc.academia.edu/MatthewMelvinKoushki?f_ri=1187","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4245/1687/35655217/s65_matthew.melvin-koushki.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-32199544">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-32199544"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://sc.academia.edu/NoahGardiner">Noah Gardiner</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-32199544'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-32199544').html(); 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})();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_45164236" data-work_id="45164236" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/45164236/Balkanlarda_Osmanl%C4%B1_Venedik_H%C3%A2kimiyet_M%C3%BCcadelesi_ve_Kara_Sava%C5%9Flar%C4%B1_1645_1721_">Balkanlarda Osmanlı-Venedik Hâkimiyet Mücadelesi ve Kara Savaşları (1645-1721)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Osmanlı Devleti ile Venedik Cumhuriyeti arasında, küçük birtakım mücadeleleri kenara bırakırsak en temelde yedi ayrı savaş meydana gelmiştir. Savaşların son üçü ise incelediğimiz tarih aralığında yaşanmıştır... bu savaşların çoğu... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_45164236" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Osmanlı Devleti ile Venedik Cumhuriyeti arasında, küçük birtakım mücadeleleri kenara bırakırsak en temelde yedi ayrı savaş meydana gelmiştir. Savaşların son üçü ise incelediğimiz tarih aralığında yaşanmıştır... bu savaşların çoğu Osmanlılar tarafından Venediklileri Balkanlardan tamamen atmak için bilinçli bir politikanın ürünü olarak çıkarılmışlardır. Çünkü Osmanlı yöneticileri için karada Venediklilerle yapılacak olan savaş denizde yapılanların aksine çok daha kolay neticelenecek ve istenilen hedefe çok hızlı bir şekilde ulaşmak mümkün olacaktır. Hatta bir kronikte ifade edildiği şekliyle; “Venedik keferesi dahi deryâ cengi hilekârlığında akrânı nadir pehlevândır. Lâkin karada musâff cenglerine zehresi olmayup, kal’alarından taşra çıkması güya balık sudan çıkduğı misillidür".  Ancak, burada ifade edildiği şekliyle kara özelinde cereyan eden <br />savaşlarda -ki bunlar meydan savaşları değil kuşatma savaşlarıdır- Venedikliler, Osmanlıların ifade ettiği gibi pek de sudan çıkmış balık olmamışlar; aksine Osmanlı ordusunu birçok noktada mağlup etmişler veya başarılı savunmalar gerçekleştirmişlerdir.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/45164236" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="72503a7ab4a5e5d8bb2bb8b0052a0826" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":65742739,"asset_id":45164236,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65742739/download_file?st=MTczMjUyMTc4NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="158699" href="https://karatekin.academia.edu/G%C3%BCnerDo%C4%9Fan">Güner Doğan</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="158699" type="text/json">{"id":158699,"first_name":"Güner","last_name":"Doğan","domain_name":"karatekin","page_name":"GünerDoğan","display_name":"Güner Doğan","profile_url":"https://karatekin.academia.edu/G%C3%BCnerDo%C4%9Fan?f_ri=1187","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/158699/40864/18816311/s65_g_ner.do_an.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_45164236 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="45164236"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 45164236, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_45164236", }); 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Savaşların son üçü ise incelediğimiz tarih aralığında yaşanmıştır... bu savaşların çoğu Osmanlılar tarafından Venediklileri Balkanlardan tamamen atmak için bilinçli bir politikanın ürünü olarak çıkarılmışlardır. Çünkü Osmanlı yöneticileri için karada Venediklilerle yapılacak olan savaş denizde yapılanların aksine çok daha kolay neticelenecek ve istenilen hedefe çok hızlı bir şekilde ulaşmak mümkün olacaktır. Hatta bir kronikte ifade edildiği şekliyle; “Venedik keferesi dahi deryâ cengi hilekârlığında akrânı nadir pehlevândır. Lâkin karada musâff cenglerine zehresi olmayup, kal’alarından taşra çıkması güya balık sudan çıkduğı misillidür\". 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