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overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; -webkit-line-clamp: 3; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; }</style><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><div class="u-floatLeft"><h1 class="PageHeader-title u-m0x u-fs30">Medieval History</h1><div class="u-tcGrayDark">308,369 Followers</div><div class="u-tcGrayDark u-mt2x">Recent papers in <b>Medieval History</b></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="TabbedNavigation"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><ul class="nav u-m0x u-p0x list-inline u-displayFlex"><li class="active"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History">Top Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History/MostCited">Most Cited Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History/MostDownloaded">Most Downloaded Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History/MostRecent">Newest Papers</a></li><li><a class="" href="https://www.academia.edu/People/Medieval_History">People</a></li></ul></div><style type="text/css">ul.nav{flex-direction:row}@media(max-width: 567px){ul.nav{flex-direction:column}.TabbedNavigation li{max-width:100%}.TabbedNavigation li.active{background-color:var(--background-grey, #dddde2)}.TabbedNavigation li.active:before,.TabbedNavigation li.active:after{display:none}}</style></div></div></div><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12"><div class="u-displayFlex"><div class="u-flexGrow1"><div class="works"><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_43361677" data-work_id="43361677" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/43361677/Lios_Coronas_Tejada_Conversos_and_Inquisition_in_Ja%C3%A9n_ed_Yom_Tov_Assis_Jerusalem_Magnes_1988_">Lios Coronas Tejada, *Conversos and Inquisition in Jaén*, ed. 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Yom Tov Assis (Jerusalem: Magnes, 1988)","created_at":"2020-06-16T19:28:35.857-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/43361677/Lios_Coronas_Tejada_Conversos_and_Inquisition_in_Ja%C3%A9n_ed_Yom_Tov_Assis_Jerusalem_Magnes_1988_?f_ri=1446","dom_id":"work_43361677","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":63650581,"asset_id":43361677,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":161316721,"first_name":"Yom Tov","last_name":"Assis ז״ל","domain_name":"huji","page_name":"YomTovAssis","display_name":"Yom Tov Assis ז״ל","profile_url":"https://huji.academia.edu/YomTovAssis?f_ri=1446","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/161316721/45243925/35346234/s65_yom_tov.assis_.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":983,"name":"Jewish Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jewish_Studies?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false},{"id":1446,"name":"Medieval History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false},{"id":2853,"name":"Medieval Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Studies?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false},{"id":20977,"name":"Medieval Jewish Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Jewish_Philosophy?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false},{"id":23397,"name":"Medieval Jewish History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Jewish_History?f_ri=1446"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_36295918" data-work_id="36295918" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36295918/Inequalities_and_Growth_in_the_Late_Medieval_mezzadria_Tuscany_15th_early_16th_c_first_results_from_an_ongoing_research_Belfast_ESSHConference_2018">Inequalities and Growth in the Late Medieval mezzadria Tuscany (15th-early 16th c.): first results from an ongoing research - Belfast ESSHConference 2018</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The paper aims to present the first results of an in-depth and source-based research about socio-economic inequalities and agricultural growth in the Late Medieval Florentine society. This area has been intensively studied because of its... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_36295918" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The paper aims to present the first results of an in-depth and source-based research about socio-economic inequalities and agricultural growth in the Late Medieval Florentine society. <br />This area has been intensively studied because of its economic relevance and the rise of a peculiar share-cropping system (mezzadria). Mezzadria lease contracts spread broadly in Tuscany at the end of the Middle Ages (13th c.), linked to the building of the regional city-state by the city-commune of Florence and its raising economy. The system developed before the demographic shocks of Late Middle Ages and continued to develop further during the decline of the Florentine economy in 15th-16th centuries. The role of mezzadria in shaping declining economic trends and socio-economic inequalities, as well as the causes of its rise, are still debated among scholars.<br />This research would offer an original contribute on these issues through a new in-depth consultation of the Florentine fiscal surveys of the 15th and 16th centuries (the Catasto of 1427 and the Decima repubblicana of the early 16th century) and the use of a social agro-systemic approach. The information entered from sources will be used to draw a picture of the social and property structure of four different sub-regional study-areas within the Florentine territory (characterized by differences in the importance of institutions, in property distribution, in environmental features), comparing the trends and their causal relations for regional differences. The goal is drawing: 1) a more complete figure of agricultural output of mezzadria –  comparing different systems of exploitation and subregions –; 2) an in-depth figure of socio-economic inequalities – property and income distribution, ownership of oxen, access to credit and fiscal incomes. In this way it will be possible to offer a more detailed pattern of explanation of the main dynamics of Late Medieval rural Tuscany.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/36295918" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ed643eedce2bdecfccc96fe76613839c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":56202648,"asset_id":36295918,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56202648/download_file?st=MTczMjcxNjg5Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="827064" href="https://ulb.academia.edu/DavideCristoferi">Davide Cristoferi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="827064" type="text/json">{"id":827064,"first_name":"Davide","last_name":"Cristoferi","domain_name":"ulb","page_name":"DavideCristoferi","display_name":"Davide Cristoferi","profile_url":"https://ulb.academia.edu/DavideCristoferi?f_ri=1446","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/827064/288414/35181426/s65_davide.cristoferi.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_36295918 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="36295918"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 36295918, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_36295918", }); 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Mezzadria lease contracts spread broadly in Tuscany at the end of the Middle Ages (13th c.), linked to the building of the regional city-state by the city-commune of Florence and its raising economy. The system developed before the demographic shocks of Late Middle Ages and continued to develop further during the decline of the Florentine economy in 15th-16th centuries. The role of mezzadria in shaping declining economic trends and socio-economic inequalities, as well as the causes of its rise, are still debated among scholars.\nThis research would offer an original contribute on these issues through a new in-depth consultation of the Florentine fiscal surveys of the 15th and 16th centuries (the Catasto of 1427 and the Decima repubblicana of the early 16th century) and the use of a social agro-systemic approach. The information entered from sources will be used to draw a picture of the social and property structure of four different sub-regional study-areas within the Florentine territory (characterized by differences in the importance of institutions, in property distribution, in environmental features), comparing the trends and their causal relations for regional differences. The goal is drawing: 1) a more complete figure of agricultural output of mezzadria – comparing different systems of exploitation and subregions –; 2) an in-depth figure of socio-economic inequalities – property and income distribution, ownership of oxen, access to credit and fiscal incomes. In this way it will be possible to offer a more detailed pattern of explanation of the main dynamics of Late Medieval rural Tuscany.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":56202648,"asset_id":36295918,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":827064,"first_name":"Davide","last_name":"Cristoferi","domain_name":"ulb","page_name":"DavideCristoferi","display_name":"Davide Cristoferi","profile_url":"https://ulb.academia.edu/DavideCristoferi?f_ri=1446","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/827064/288414/35181426/s65_davide.cristoferi.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":137,"name":"Economic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_History?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false},{"id":1446,"name":"Medieval History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false},{"id":2987,"name":"Renaissance 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}); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_43323321").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="43323321"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">17</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="134" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modern_History">Modern History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="134" type="text/json">{"id":134,"name":"Modern History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modern_History?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1365" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/High_Middle_Ages">High Middle Ages</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1365" type="text/json">{"id":1365,"name":"High Middle Ages","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/High_Middle_Ages?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1366" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Late_Middle_Ages">Late Middle Ages</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1366" type="text/json">{"id":1366,"name":"Late Middle Ages","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Late_Middle_Ages?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1446" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History">Medieval History</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1446" type="text/json">{"id":1446,"name":"Medieval History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=43323321]'), work: {"id":43323321,"title":"Communautés 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orders","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religious_congregations_and_monastic_orders?f_ri=1446"},{"id":21987,"name":"Monasticism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Monasticism?f_ri=1446"},{"id":30375,"name":"History of Monasticism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Monasticism?f_ri=1446"},{"id":81661,"name":"Cistercian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cistercian_Studies?f_ri=1446"},{"id":89899,"name":"Medieval Monasticism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Monasticism?f_ri=1446"},{"id":117648,"name":"Cathedral chapters","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cathedral_chapters?f_ri=1446"},{"id":127577,"name":"Benedictine Monasticism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Benedictine_Monasticism?f_ri=1446"},{"id":753693,"name":"History of Criminal Justice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Criminal_Justice?f_ri=1446"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_5190993" data-work_id="5190993" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/5190993/_Les_plantes_les_r%C3%A9gimes_v%C3%A9g%C3%A9tariens_et_la_m%C3%A9lancolie_%C3%A0_la_fin_du_Moyen_Age_et_au_d%C3%A9but_de_la_Renaissance_italienne_">"Les plantes, les régimes végétariens et la mélancolie à la fin du Moyen Age et au début de la Renaissance italienne"</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This is the original version of an article now edited and translated into English (updated with additional illustrations) and republished in "Food, Social Politics and the Order of Nature in Renaissance Europe" (2019), a volume of my... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_5190993" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This is the original version of an article now edited and translated into English (updated with additional illustrations) and republished in "Food, Social Politics and the Order of Nature in Renaissance Europe" (2019), a volume of my collected articles.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/5190993" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7cfe7124247fb8e42f5b7a6f607956f6" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":32381332,"asset_id":5190993,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32381332/download_file?st=MTczMjcxNjg5Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="139195" href="https://itatti.academia.edu/AllenGrieco">Allen J Grieco</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="139195" type="text/json">{"id":139195,"first_name":"Allen","last_name":"Grieco","domain_name":"itatti","page_name":"AllenGrieco","display_name":"Allen J Grieco","profile_url":"https://itatti.academia.edu/AllenGrieco?f_ri=1446","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/139195/36927/132936633/s65_allen.grieco.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_5190993 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="5190993"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 5190993, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_5190993", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_5190993 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span 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data-card-contents-for-ri="1446" type="text/json">{"id":1446,"name":"Medieval History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2853" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Studies">Medieval Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2853" type="text/json">{"id":2853,"name":"Medieval Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Studies?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2987" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Renaissance_Studies">Renaissance Studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2987" type="text/json">{"id":2987,"name":"Renaissance Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Renaissance_Studies?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=5190993]'), work: {"id":5190993,"title":"\"Les plantes, les régimes végétariens et la mélancolie à la fin du Moyen Age et au début de la Renaissance italienne\"","created_at":"2013-11-22T19:09:10.902-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/5190993/_Les_plantes_les_r%C3%A9gimes_v%C3%A9g%C3%A9tariens_et_la_m%C3%A9lancolie_%C3%A0_la_fin_du_Moyen_Age_et_au_d%C3%A9but_de_la_Renaissance_italienne_?f_ri=1446","dom_id":"work_5190993","summary":"This is the original version of an article now edited and translated into English (updated with additional illustrations) and republished in \"Food, Social Politics and the Order of Nature in Renaissance Europe\" (2019), a volume of my collected articles. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":32381332,"asset_id":5190993,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":139195,"first_name":"Allen","last_name":"Grieco","domain_name":"itatti","page_name":"AllenGrieco","display_name":"Allen J Grieco","profile_url":"https://itatti.academia.edu/AllenGrieco?f_ri=1446","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/139195/36927/132936633/s65_allen.grieco.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1367,"name":"Renaissance History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Renaissance_History?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false},{"id":1446,"name":"Medieval History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false},{"id":2853,"name":"Medieval Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Studies?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false},{"id":2987,"name":"Renaissance Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Renaissance_Studies?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false},{"id":9735,"name":"Intellectual History of the Renaissance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intellectual_History_of_the_Renaissance?f_ri=1446"},{"id":12936,"name":"Medieval Europe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Europe?f_ri=1446"},{"id":21670,"name":"Medieval Italy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Italy?f_ri=1446"},{"id":158442,"name":"History of Botany","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Botany?f_ri=1446"},{"id":756083,"name":"History of Dietetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Dietetics?f_ri=1446"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_66794341" data-work_id="66794341" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/66794341/Recetas_medievales_para_el_vidriado_de_la_cer%C3%A1mica">Recetas medievales para el vidriado de la cerámica</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">espanolEl presente trabajo esta dedicado al analisis de las tecnicas para el vidriado de la ceramica que aparecen documentadas en diversos tratados y recetarios de epoca medieval. Se trata de textos procedentes, en su mayor parte, de la... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_66794341" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">espanolEl presente trabajo esta dedicado al analisis de las tecnicas para el vidriado de la ceramica que aparecen documentadas en diversos tratados y recetarios de epoca medieval. Se trata de textos procedentes, en su mayor parte, de la Peninsula Italiana, que incluyen recetas dedicadas al vidriado de la ceramica al plomo y al estano, con particular referencia a la realizacion de la loza dorada. El estudio comenta los textos donde dichas recetas se insertan, las tecnicas de trabajo que mencionan y concluye con un apendice documental en el que se incluye la traduccion al castellano de las recetas estudiadas. EnglishThis work is dedicated to the analysis of techniques for glazing ceramics that are documented in some treatises and recipe books of medieval times. These are texts from, for the most part, the Italian Peninsula, including recipes dedicated to the glazed ceramic with lead and tin, with particular reference to the making of the so-called, golden ceramic. The study discusses the texts in which these recipes are inserted, the techniques of work mentioned and it concludes with an appendix which includes the translation into Castilian language of the prescriptions studied.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/66794341" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e79aae956228e50553352c806fd13f6d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":96893638,"asset_id":66794341,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/96893638/download_file?st=MTczMjcxNjg5Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="48665368" href="https://uco-es.academia.edu/RicardoCordoba">Ricardo Cordoba</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="48665368" type="text/json">{"id":48665368,"first_name":"Ricardo","last_name":"Cordoba","domain_name":"uco-es","page_name":"RicardoCordoba","display_name":"Ricardo Cordoba","profile_url":"https://uco-es.academia.edu/RicardoCordoba?f_ri=1446","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/48665368/12806081/19622801/s65_ricardo.cordoba.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_66794341 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="66794341"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 66794341, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_66794341", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=66794341]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_66794341").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_66794341").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="66794341"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="128" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History">History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="128" type="text/json">{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1446" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History">Medieval History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1446" type="text/json">{"id":1446,"name":"Medieval History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="17337" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_ceramics_Archaeology_">Medieval ceramics (Archaeology)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="17337" type="text/json">{"id":17337,"name":"Medieval ceramics (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_ceramics_Archaeology_?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="49837" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historia">Historia</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="49837" type="text/json">{"id":49837,"name":"Historia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historia?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=66794341]'), work: {"id":66794341,"title":"Recetas medievales para el vidriado de la cerámica","created_at":"2022-01-01T08:20:06.828-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/66794341/Recetas_medievales_para_el_vidriado_de_la_cer%C3%A1mica?f_ri=1446","dom_id":"work_66794341","summary":"espanolEl presente trabajo esta dedicado al analisis de las tecnicas para el vidriado de la ceramica que aparecen documentadas en diversos tratados y recetarios de epoca medieval. Se trata de textos procedentes, en su mayor parte, de la Peninsula Italiana, que incluyen recetas dedicadas al vidriado de la ceramica al plomo y al estano, con particular referencia a la realizacion de la loza dorada. El estudio comenta los textos donde dichas recetas se insertan, las tecnicas de trabajo que mencionan y concluye con un apendice documental en el que se incluye la traduccion al castellano de las recetas estudiadas. EnglishThis work is dedicated to the analysis of techniques for glazing ceramics that are documented in some treatises and recipe books of medieval times. These are texts from, for the most part, the Italian Peninsula, including recipes dedicated to the glazed ceramic with lead and tin, with particular reference to the making of the so-called, golden ceramic. The study discusses the texts in which these recipes are inserted, the techniques of work mentioned and it concludes with an appendix which includes the translation into Castilian language of the prescriptions studied.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":96893638,"asset_id":66794341,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":48665368,"first_name":"Ricardo","last_name":"Cordoba","domain_name":"uco-es","page_name":"RicardoCordoba","display_name":"Ricardo Cordoba","profile_url":"https://uco-es.academia.edu/RicardoCordoba?f_ri=1446","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/48665368/12806081/19622801/s65_ricardo.cordoba.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false},{"id":1446,"name":"Medieval History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false},{"id":17337,"name":"Medieval ceramics (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_ceramics_Archaeology_?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false},{"id":49837,"name":"Historia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historia?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false},{"id":81894,"name":"Middle Ages","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_Ages?f_ri=1446"},{"id":129591,"name":"Cerámica medieval","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cer%C3%A1mica_medieval?f_ri=1446"},{"id":139702,"name":"Edad Media","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Edad_Media?f_ri=1446"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_41783984" data-work_id="41783984" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/41783984/Eugen_Pfister_Kingdom_Come_Deliverance_A_Bohemian_Forest_Simulator_in_Gamevironments_11_2019_Special_Issue_on_Nation_alism_Identity_and_Vidoe_Games_ed_by_Lisa_Kienzl_and_Katrin_Trattner">Eugen Pfister, "Kingdom Come: Deliverance. A Bohemian Forest Simulator" in Gamevironments 11 (2019): Special Issue on Nation(alism), Identity and Vidoe Games ed. by Lisa Kienzl and Katrin Trattner</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/41783984" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="41a0644a1177dade041caf674f6b5e6b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":61937995,"asset_id":41783984,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/61937995/download_file?st=MTczMjcxNjg5Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="5517586" href="https://hkb.academia.edu/EugenPfister">Eugen Pfister</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="5517586" type="text/json">{"id":5517586,"first_name":"Eugen","last_name":"Pfister","domain_name":"hkb","page_name":"EugenPfister","display_name":"Eugen Pfister","profile_url":"https://hkb.academia.edu/EugenPfister?f_ri=1446","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5517586/2419222/14401776/s65_eugen.pfister.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_41783984 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="41783984"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 41783984, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_41783984", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=41783984]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_41783984").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_41783984").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="41783984"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1446" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History">Medieval History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1446" type="text/json">{"id":1446,"name":"Medieval History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2858" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Popular_Culture">Popular Culture</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2858" type="text/json">{"id":2858,"name":"Popular Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Popular_Culture?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5199" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Video_Games">Video Games</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="5199" type="text/json">{"id":5199,"name":"Video Games","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Video_Games?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=41783984]'), work: {"id":41783984,"title":"Eugen Pfister, \"Kingdom Come: Deliverance. A Bohemian Forest Simulator\" in Gamevironments 11 (2019): Special Issue on Nation(alism), Identity and Vidoe Games ed. by Lisa Kienzl and Katrin Trattner","created_at":"2020-01-30T00:28:54.588-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/41783984/Eugen_Pfister_Kingdom_Come_Deliverance_A_Bohemian_Forest_Simulator_in_Gamevironments_11_2019_Special_Issue_on_Nation_alism_Identity_and_Vidoe_Games_ed_by_Lisa_Kienzl_and_Katrin_Trattner?f_ri=1446","dom_id":"work_41783984","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":61937995,"asset_id":41783984,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":5517586,"first_name":"Eugen","last_name":"Pfister","domain_name":"hkb","page_name":"EugenPfister","display_name":"Eugen Pfister","profile_url":"https://hkb.academia.edu/EugenPfister?f_ri=1446","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5517586/2419222/14401776/s65_eugen.pfister.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1446,"name":"Medieval History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false},{"id":2858,"name":"Popular Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Popular_Culture?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false},{"id":5199,"name":"Video Games","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Video_Games?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_39561514" data-work_id="39561514" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/39561514/_I_nostri_contadini_solevano_istare_molto_meglio_per_lo_addrieto_che_ora_mezzadria_propriet%C3%A0_cittadina_e_disuguaglianza_economica_in_Toscana_sec_XV_XVI_in_Economic_inequality_in_pre_industrial_societies_causes_and_effect_ed_G_Nigro_Firenze_2020_Datini_Studies_in_Economic_History_1_">“I nostri contadini solevano istare molto meglio per lo addrieto che ora”: mezzadria, proprietà cittadina e disuguaglianza economica in Toscana, sec. XV-XVI, in Economic inequality in pre-industrial societies: causes and effect, ed. G. Nigro, Firenze, 2020 («Datini Studies in Economic History», 1)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This paper studies through a quantitative analysis at micro-scale (the pieve of San Giovanni in Petroio in Mugello) in 1427-1512 the relation between the growing economic inequality of the Florentine rural society found by recent research... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_39561514" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper studies through a quantitative analysis at micro-scale (the pieve of San Giovanni in Petroio in Mugello) in 1427-1512 the relation between the growing economic inequality of the Florentine rural society found by recent research and a peculiar share-cropping system, the mezzadria. By focusing on the mechanisms of wealth redistribution of this system, the paper suggests the role of mezzadria whether in increasing in the long-run the concentration of land property and in providing for the poorest social layers of rural population at subsistence level. In this regard, the paper contributes to explore the role of institutions in increasing wealth concentration from Middle Ages to the Early Modern times.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/39561514" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4bd07ebd07cf55cba64ce360ba7c79ce" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":63635496,"asset_id":39561514,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63635496/download_file?st=MTczMjcxNjg5Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="827064" href="https://ulb.academia.edu/DavideCristoferi">Davide Cristoferi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="827064" type="text/json">{"id":827064,"first_name":"Davide","last_name":"Cristoferi","domain_name":"ulb","page_name":"DavideCristoferi","display_name":"Davide Cristoferi","profile_url":"https://ulb.academia.edu/DavideCristoferi?f_ri=1446","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/827064/288414/35181426/s65_davide.cristoferi.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_39561514 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="39561514"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 39561514, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_39561514", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=39561514]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_39561514").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_39561514").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="39561514"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="137" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_History">Economic History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="137" type="text/json">{"id":137,"name":"Economic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_History?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1446" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History">Medieval History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1446" type="text/json">{"id":1446,"name":"Medieval History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3619" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rural_History">Rural History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3619" type="text/json">{"id":3619,"name":"Rural History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rural_History?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11446" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Florence">History of Florence</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="11446" type="text/json">{"id":11446,"name":"History of Florence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Florence?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=39561514]'), work: {"id":39561514,"title":"“I nostri contadini solevano istare molto meglio per lo addrieto che ora”: mezzadria, proprietà cittadina e disuguaglianza economica in Toscana, sec. XV-XVI, in Economic inequality in pre-industrial societies: causes and effect, ed. G. Nigro, Firenze, 2020 («Datini Studies in Economic History», 1)","created_at":"2019-06-14T00:20:47.243-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/39561514/_I_nostri_contadini_solevano_istare_molto_meglio_per_lo_addrieto_che_ora_mezzadria_propriet%C3%A0_cittadina_e_disuguaglianza_economica_in_Toscana_sec_XV_XVI_in_Economic_inequality_in_pre_industrial_societies_causes_and_effect_ed_G_Nigro_Firenze_2020_Datini_Studies_in_Economic_History_1_?f_ri=1446","dom_id":"work_39561514","summary":"This paper studies through a quantitative analysis at micro-scale (the pieve of San Giovanni in Petroio in Mugello) in 1427-1512 the relation between the growing economic inequality of the Florentine rural society found by recent research and a peculiar share-cropping system, the mezzadria. By focusing on the mechanisms of wealth redistribution of this system, the paper suggests the role of mezzadria whether in increasing in the long-run the concentration of land property and in providing for the poorest social layers of rural population at subsistence level. In this regard, the paper contributes to explore the role of institutions in increasing wealth concentration from Middle Ages to the Early Modern times.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":63635496,"asset_id":39561514,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":827064,"first_name":"Davide","last_name":"Cristoferi","domain_name":"ulb","page_name":"DavideCristoferi","display_name":"Davide Cristoferi","profile_url":"https://ulb.academia.edu/DavideCristoferi?f_ri=1446","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/827064/288414/35181426/s65_davide.cristoferi.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":137,"name":"Economic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_History?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false},{"id":1446,"name":"Medieval History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false},{"id":3619,"name":"Rural History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rural_History?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false},{"id":11446,"name":"History of Florence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Florence?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false},{"id":95088,"name":"Poverty and Inequality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Poverty_and_Inequality-1?f_ri=1446"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_32672199" data-work_id="32672199" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/32672199/A_Remembrance_of_His_Wonders_Nature_and_the_Supernatural_in_Medieval_Ashkenaz_Philadelphia_Penn_Press_2017_">A Remembrance of His Wonders: Nature and the Supernatural in Medieval Ashkenaz (Philadelphia: Penn Press, 2017)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The twelfth and thirteenth centuries witnessed an explosion of Christian interest in the meaning and workings of the natural world—a "discovery of nature" that profoundly reshaped the intellectual currents and spiritual contours of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_32672199" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The twelfth and thirteenth centuries witnessed an explosion of Christian interest in the meaning and workings of the natural world—a "discovery of nature" that profoundly reshaped the intellectual currents and spiritual contours of European society—yet to all appearances, the Jews of medieval northern Europe (Ashkenaz) were oblivious to the shifts reshaping their surrounding culture. Scholars have long assumed that rather than exploring or contemplating the natural world, the Jews of medieval Ashkenaz were preoccupied solely with the supernatural and otherworldly: magic and mysticism, demonology and divination, as well as the zombies, werewolves, dragons, flying camels, and other monstrous and wondrous creatures that destabilized any pretense of a consistent and encompassing natural order.<br /><br />In _A Remembrance of His Wonders_, David I. Shyovitz disputes this long-standing and far-reaching consensus. Analyzing a wide array of neglected Ashkenazic writings on the natural world in general, and the human body in particular, Shyovitz shows how Jews in Ashkenaz integrated regnant scientific, magical, and mystical currents into a sophisticated exploration of the boundaries between nature and the supernatural. Ashkenazic beliefs and practices that have often been seen as signs of credulity and superstition in fact mirrored—and drew upon—contemporaneous Christian debates over the relationship between God and the natural world. In charting these parallels between Jewish and Christian thought, Shyovitz focuses especially upon the mediating role of polemical texts and encounters, which served as mechanisms for the transmission of religious doctrines, scientific facts, and cultural mores. Medieval Jews' preoccupation with the apparently "supernatural" reflected neither ignorance nor intellectual isolation, but rather a determined effort to understand nature's inner workings and outer limits, and to integrate and interrogate the theologies and ideologies of the broader European Christian society.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/32672199" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4058abae755d23c4a835203aba4c4910" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":52838575,"asset_id":32672199,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/52838575/download_file?st=MTczMjcxNjg5Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="545549" href="https://northwestern.academia.edu/DavidShyovitz">David Shyovitz</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="545549" type="text/json">{"id":545549,"first_name":"David","last_name":"Shyovitz","domain_name":"northwestern","page_name":"DavidShyovitz","display_name":"David Shyovitz","profile_url":"https://northwestern.academia.edu/DavidShyovitz?f_ri=1446","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/545549/196357/18160333/s65_david.shyovitz.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_32672199 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="32672199"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 32672199, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_32672199", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=32672199]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_32672199").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_32672199").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="32672199"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">19</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="983" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jewish_Studies">Jewish Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="983" type="text/json">{"id":983,"name":"Jewish Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jewish_Studies?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1446" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History">Medieval History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1446" type="text/json">{"id":1446,"name":"Medieval History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2853" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Studies">Medieval Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2853" type="text/json">{"id":2853,"name":"Medieval Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Studies?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3723" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Science">History of Science</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3723" type="text/json">{"id":3723,"name":"History of Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Science?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=32672199]'), work: {"id":32672199,"title":"A Remembrance of His Wonders: Nature and the Supernatural in Medieval Ashkenaz (Philadelphia: Penn Press, 2017)","created_at":"2017-04-26T12:52:59.654-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/32672199/A_Remembrance_of_His_Wonders_Nature_and_the_Supernatural_in_Medieval_Ashkenaz_Philadelphia_Penn_Press_2017_?f_ri=1446","dom_id":"work_32672199","summary":"The twelfth and thirteenth centuries witnessed an explosion of Christian interest in the meaning and workings of the natural world—a \"discovery of nature\" that profoundly reshaped the intellectual currents and spiritual contours of European society—yet to all appearances, the Jews of medieval northern Europe (Ashkenaz) were oblivious to the shifts reshaping their surrounding culture. Scholars have long assumed that rather than exploring or contemplating the natural world, the Jews of medieval Ashkenaz were preoccupied solely with the supernatural and otherworldly: magic and mysticism, demonology and divination, as well as the zombies, werewolves, dragons, flying camels, and other monstrous and wondrous creatures that destabilized any pretense of a consistent and encompassing natural order.\n\nIn _A Remembrance of His Wonders_, David I. Shyovitz disputes this long-standing and far-reaching consensus. Analyzing a wide array of neglected Ashkenazic writings on the natural world in general, and the human body in particular, Shyovitz shows how Jews in Ashkenaz integrated regnant scientific, magical, and mystical currents into a sophisticated exploration of the boundaries between nature and the supernatural. Ashkenazic beliefs and practices that have often been seen as signs of credulity and superstition in fact mirrored—and drew upon—contemporaneous Christian debates over the relationship between God and the natural world. In charting these parallels between Jewish and Christian thought, Shyovitz focuses especially upon the mediating role of polemical texts and encounters, which served as mechanisms for the transmission of religious doctrines, scientific facts, and cultural mores. Medieval Jews' preoccupation with the apparently \"supernatural\" reflected neither ignorance nor intellectual isolation, but rather a determined effort to understand nature's inner workings and outer limits, and to integrate and interrogate the theologies and ideologies of the broader European Christian society.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":52838575,"asset_id":32672199,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":545549,"first_name":"David","last_name":"Shyovitz","domain_name":"northwestern","page_name":"DavidShyovitz","display_name":"David Shyovitz","profile_url":"https://northwestern.academia.edu/DavidShyovitz?f_ri=1446","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/545549/196357/18160333/s65_david.shyovitz.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":983,"name":"Jewish Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jewish_Studies?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false},{"id":1446,"name":"Medieval History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false},{"id":2853,"name":"Medieval Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Studies?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false},{"id":3723,"name":"History of Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Science?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false},{"id":4264,"name":"Jewish Mysticism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jewish_Mysticism?f_ri=1446"},{"id":6627,"name":"Jewish History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jewish_History?f_ri=1446"},{"id":7216,"name":"The Body","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Body?f_ri=1446"},{"id":7521,"name":"Monster Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Monster_Theory?f_ri=1446"},{"id":10947,"name":"Jewish - Christian Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jewish_-_Christian_Relations?f_ri=1446"},{"id":16861,"name":"Jewish Thought","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jewish_Thought?f_ri=1446"},{"id":18237,"name":"History of Religion (Medieval Studies)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Religion_Medieval_Studies_?f_ri=1446"},{"id":23397,"name":"Medieval Jewish History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Jewish_History?f_ri=1446"},{"id":29002,"name":"Monsters and Monster Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Monsters_and_Monster_Theory?f_ri=1446"},{"id":29508,"name":"History of Medicine and the Body","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Medicine_and_the_Body?f_ri=1446"},{"id":46849,"name":"Monstrosity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Monstrosity?f_ri=1446"},{"id":58304,"name":"German-Jewish Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/German-Jewish_Studies?f_ri=1446"},{"id":354782,"name":"Monsters and the Monstrous","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Monsters_and_the_Monstrous?f_ri=1446"},{"id":367888,"name":"German Jewish history","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/German_Jewish_history?f_ri=1446"},{"id":685518,"name":"Medieval Ashkenaz","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Ashkenaz?f_ri=1446"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_70934323" data-work_id="70934323" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/70934323/Limaginaire_masculin_et_la_soumission_des_vassales_dans_le_Royaume_Latin_de_J%C3%A9rusalem_vers_1200_un_jalon_suppl%C3%A9mentaire_dans_lhistoire_de_la_violence_">L'imaginaire masculin et la soumission des vassales dans le Royaume Latin de Jérusalem vers 1200: un jalon supplémentaire dans l'histoire de la violence …</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/70934323" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="55289825d42b945dee363f8a6a40009a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":80480757,"asset_id":70934323,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" 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Studies and Texts 155 (Toronto: Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies, 2007)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This is a description (longer than an abstract), and the front matter, of my third book: the annotated translation of the Henryków Book, prefaced by a long introduction. This document was sent to me by the publisher in the process of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_37461732" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This is a description (longer than an abstract), and the front matter, of my third book: the annotated translation of the Henryków Book, prefaced by a long introduction. 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Costanzo vecchia presso Aquino (Fr): nuovi dati dalla campagna di scavo 2015</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">in ATTI DEL XXII COLLOQUIO DELL’ASSOCIAZIONE ITALIANA PER LO STUDIO E LA CONSERVAZIONE DEL MOSAICO (Matera, 16-19 marzo 2016), a cura di Claudia Angelelli, Daniela Massara e Andrea Paribeni, Tivoli 2017, pp. 313-323.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/33336799" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="763004b01a6504b43c4dd10ea52f3734" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":53396818,"asset_id":33336799,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53396818/download_file?st=MTczMjcxNjg5Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="727844" href="https://beniculturali.academia.edu/LorenzoRiccardi">Lorenzo Riccardi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="727844" type="text/json">{"id":727844,"first_name":"Lorenzo","last_name":"Riccardi","domain_name":"beniculturali","page_name":"LorenzoRiccardi","display_name":"Lorenzo Riccardi","profile_url":"https://beniculturali.academia.edu/LorenzoRiccardi?f_ri=1446","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/727844/248792/449339/s65_lorenzo.riccardi.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_33336799 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="33336799"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 33336799, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_33336799", }); 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This introduction contextualizes the Book and its... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_37765977" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Submitted here is my introduction to my annotated translation of the Henryków Book, titled Local Society in Transition, whose reference matter appears in the Books section of this website. This introduction contextualizes the Book and its authors in the genres of historical writing of which it is an example, and in the monastic, political, economic, and seigneurial world of medieval Silesia, and Piast Poland in general. It is designed to offer an entrée into the history of those two polities, as well as of the text and the monastery. (My most recent book, The Text and the World, also represented in the Books section, takes these aims in several further directions.) I am most grateful to Fred Unwalla of the Pontifical Institute for Mediaeval Studies, for permission to place the entire text on this website.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37765977" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="35a7b7d15fa51bb430db8be10351e4b1" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":57761532,"asset_id":37765977,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57761532/download_file?st=MTczMjcxNjg5Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="63213923" href="https://ucriverside.academia.edu/PiotrGorecki">Piotr S Górecki</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="63213923" type="text/json">{"id":63213923,"first_name":"Piotr","last_name":"Górecki","domain_name":"ucriverside","page_name":"PiotrGorecki","display_name":"Piotr S Górecki","profile_url":"https://ucriverside.academia.edu/PiotrGorecki?f_ri=1446","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/63213923/20364706/20046916/s65_piotr.g_recki.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_37765977 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="37765977"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 37765977, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_37765977", }); 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This introduction contextualizes the Book and its authors in the genres of historical writing of which it is an example, and in the monastic, political, economic, and seigneurial world of medieval Silesia, and Piast Poland in general. It is designed to offer an entrée into the history of those two polities, as well as of the text and the monastery. (My most recent book, The Text and the World, also represented in the Books section, takes these aims in several further directions.) I am most grateful to Fred Unwalla of the Pontifical Institute for Mediaeval Studies, for permission to place the entire text on this website. 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Il castello è oggetto di scavi di ricerca da parte dell'Università degli studi di Bergamo in regime di concessione ministeriale MIC.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/79282670" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e07f7fa57dba752d16909a5d6d442052" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":86050312,"asset_id":79282670,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/86050312/download_file?st=MTczMjcxNjg5Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="711399" href="https://unibg.academia.edu/FedericoZoni">Federico Zoni</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="711399" type="text/json">{"id":711399,"first_name":"Federico","last_name":"Zoni","domain_name":"unibg","page_name":"FedericoZoni","display_name":"Federico Zoni","profile_url":"https://unibg.academia.edu/FedericoZoni?f_ri=1446","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/711399/241035/128107425/s65_federico.zoni.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_79282670 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="79282670"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 79282670, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_79282670", }); 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Green, “Medical Manuscripts from the Long Twelfth Century,” Manuscripts on My Mind: News from the Vatican Film Library, No. 8 (January 2013), p. 11</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">A group of medical historians and paleographers has teamed up informally to create a "Medicine in the Long 12th Century Working Group." More than 500 extant manuscripts from this period have been identified as containing Latin medical... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_4613362" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">A group of medical historians and paleographers has teamed up informally to create a "Medicine in the Long 12th Century Working Group."  More than 500 extant manuscripts from this period have been identified as containing Latin medical texts.  Adding in citations from 12th-century catalogs, we have at least 650 witnesses to the “common library” that made up learned medical knowledge throughout Europe in the long 12th century:  around 150 different texts in circulation, in some cases found in a single copy but in others in several dozens.  A revolution in medicine did indeed happen in this period.  But it was not a “revolution” based on wholesale absorption of new work made suddenly available in Latin from Arabic.  Nor was it a "revolution" based entirely at the southern Italian city of Salerno, which has long been centrally featured in narratives about medicine in this period.  This project aims to use the collected expertise of the contributors, and the ever-growing availability of digitized manuscripts (many made freely available on the Internet by their holding libraries), to create a comprehensive picture of medicine in this crucial period of change.  Our hope is that many subsidiary projects will emerge out of this, whether they be studies of individual texts, centers for copying manuscripts or studying medicine, or larger questions about the modes or impacts of programs of medical and scientific translations.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/4613362" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2792b126bd4f2d4d27472991a5dca618" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":31972832,"asset_id":4613362,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/31972832/download_file?st=MTczMjcxNjg5Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="5699744" href="https://independentscholar.academia.edu/MonicaHGreen">Monica H Green</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="5699744" type="text/json">{"id":5699744,"first_name":"Monica","last_name":"Green","domain_name":"independentscholar","page_name":"MonicaHGreen","display_name":"Monica H Green","profile_url":"https://independentscholar.academia.edu/MonicaHGreen?f_ri=1446","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5699744/2784407/145731948/s65_monica_h..green.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_4613362 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="4613362"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 4613362, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_4613362", }); 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Green, “Medical Manuscripts from the Long Twelfth Century,” Manuscripts on My Mind: News from the Vatican Film Library, No. 8 (January 2013), p. 11","created_at":"2013-09-28T09:15:28.005-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/4613362/Monica_H_Green_Medical_Manuscripts_from_the_Long_Twelfth_Century_Manuscripts_on_My_Mind_News_from_the_Vatican_Film_Library_No_8_January_2013_p_11?f_ri=1446","dom_id":"work_4613362","summary":"A group of medical historians and paleographers has teamed up informally to create a \"Medicine in the Long 12th Century Working Group.\" More than 500 extant manuscripts from this period have been identified as containing Latin medical texts. Adding in citations from 12th-century catalogs, we have at least 650 witnesses to the “common library” that made up learned medical knowledge throughout Europe in the long 12th century: around 150 different texts in circulation, in some cases found in a single copy but in others in several dozens. A revolution in medicine did indeed happen in this period. But it was not a “revolution” based on wholesale absorption of new work made suddenly available in Latin from Arabic. Nor was it a \"revolution\" based entirely at the southern Italian city of Salerno, which has long been centrally featured in narratives about medicine in this period. This project aims to use the collected expertise of the contributors, and the ever-growing availability of digitized manuscripts (many made freely available on the Internet by their holding libraries), to create a comprehensive picture of medicine in this crucial period of change. Our hope is that many subsidiary projects will emerge out of this, whether they be studies of individual texts, centers for copying manuscripts or studying medicine, or larger questions about the modes or impacts of programs of medical and scientific translations.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":31972832,"asset_id":4613362,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":5699744,"first_name":"Monica","last_name":"Green","domain_name":"independentscholar","page_name":"MonicaHGreen","display_name":"Monica H Green","profile_url":"https://independentscholar.academia.edu/MonicaHGreen?f_ri=1446","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5699744/2784407/145731948/s65_monica_h..green.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1446,"name":"Medieval History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false},{"id":2273,"name":"History of 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class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="151712285" href="https://ucl.academia.edu/RaphaelLoewe">Raphael Loewe ז״ל</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="151712285" type="text/json">{"id":151712285,"first_name":"Raphael","last_name":"Loewe ז״ל","domain_name":"ucl","page_name":"RaphaelLoewe","display_name":"Raphael Loewe ז״ל","profile_url":"https://ucl.academia.edu/RaphaelLoewe?f_ri=1446","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/151712285/42093770/33889921/s65_raphael.loewe_.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_42381475 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="42381475"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new 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u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_39276155" data-work_id="39276155" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/39276155/Ji%C5%99%C3%AD_Sl%C3%A1ma_St%C5%99edn%C3%AD_%C4%8Cechy_v_ran%C3%A9m_st%C5%99edov%C4%9Bku_3_Archeologie_v_po%C4%8D%C3%A1tc%C3%ADch_p%C5%99emyslovsk%C3%A9ho_st%C3%A1tu_Central_Bohemia_in_the_Early_Middle_Ages_3_Archeology_in_the_beginnings_of_the_P%C5%99emysl_dynasty_state">Jiří Sláma: Střední Čechy v raném středověku. 3., Archeologie v počátcích přemyslovského státu / Central Bohemia in the Early Middle Ages. 3., Archeology in the beginnings of the Přemysl - dynasty state</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Kniha byla vydána roku 1989 v Praze / The book was published in 1989 in Prague. Drazí kolegové, tato kniha je umístěna kvůli jejímu mimořádnému významu při porozumění archeologii Čech a její špatné dostupnosti zahraničním vědcům a... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_39276155" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Kniha byla vydána roku 1989 v Praze  / The book was published in 1989 in Prague.<br /><br />Drazí kolegové, tato kniha je umístěna kvůli jejímu  mimořádnému významu při porozumění archeologii Čech a její špatné dostupnosti zahraničním vědcům a studentům. Naléhavě Vás prosíme, abyste respektovali autorská práva autora a vydavatele. Děkujeme --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Dear colleagues, this book is placed because of its importance in understanding the archaeology of Bohemia and its poor availability to foreign scientists and students. We urge you to respect the copyrights of author and publishers. Thank you</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/39276155" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2726eb6286ff5dfc2b2f6505b8ce3efa" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":59411465,"asset_id":39276155,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/59411465/download_file?st=MTczMjcxNjg5Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33193008" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DigitallibraryUzhgorod">Digital library Bohemia</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33193008" type="text/json">{"id":33193008,"first_name":"Digital library","last_name":"Bohemia","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DigitallibraryUzhgorod","display_name":"Digital library Bohemia","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DigitallibraryUzhgorod?f_ri=1446","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/33193008/9845331/15730588/s65_digital_library.uzhgorod.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_39276155 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="39276155"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 39276155, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_39276155", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=39276155]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_39276155").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_39276155").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="39276155"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="392" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology">Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="392" type="text/json">{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1446" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History">Medieval History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1446" type="text/json">{"id":1446,"name":"Medieval History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2853" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Studies">Medieval Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2853" type="text/json">{"id":2853,"name":"Medieval Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Studies?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7172" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Medieval_Archaeology">Early Medieval Archaeology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="7172" type="text/json">{"id":7172,"name":"Early Medieval Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Medieval_Archaeology?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=39276155]'), work: {"id":39276155,"title":"Jiří Sláma: Střední Čechy v raném středověku. 3., Archeologie v počátcích přemyslovského státu / Central Bohemia in the Early Middle Ages. 3., Archeology in the beginnings of the Přemysl - dynasty state","created_at":"2019-05-27T08:57:15.392-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/39276155/Ji%C5%99%C3%AD_Sl%C3%A1ma_St%C5%99edn%C3%AD_%C4%8Cechy_v_ran%C3%A9m_st%C5%99edov%C4%9Bku_3_Archeologie_v_po%C4%8D%C3%A1tc%C3%ADch_p%C5%99emyslovsk%C3%A9ho_st%C3%A1tu_Central_Bohemia_in_the_Early_Middle_Ages_3_Archeology_in_the_beginnings_of_the_P%C5%99emysl_dynasty_state?f_ri=1446","dom_id":"work_39276155","summary":"Kniha byla vydána roku 1989 v Praze / The book was published in 1989 in Prague.\n\nDrazí kolegové, tato kniha je umístěna kvůli jejímu mimořádnému významu při porozumění archeologii Čech a její špatné dostupnosti zahraničním vědcům a studentům. Naléhavě Vás prosíme, abyste respektovali autorská práva autora a vydavatele. Děkujeme --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Dear colleagues, this book is placed because of its importance in understanding the archaeology of Bohemia and its poor availability to foreign scientists and students. We urge you to respect the copyrights of author and publishers. Thank you","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":59411465,"asset_id":39276155,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33193008,"first_name":"Digital library","last_name":"Bohemia","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DigitallibraryUzhgorod","display_name":"Digital library Bohemia","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DigitallibraryUzhgorod?f_ri=1446","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/33193008/9845331/15730588/s65_digital_library.uzhgorod.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false},{"id":1446,"name":"Medieval History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false},{"id":2853,"name":"Medieval Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Studies?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false},{"id":7172,"name":"Early Medieval Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Medieval_Archaeology?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false},{"id":7629,"name":"Early Medieval History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Medieval_History?f_ri=1446"},{"id":7870,"name":"Medieval Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Archaeology?f_ri=1446"},{"id":16670,"name":"Early Medieval And Medieval Settlement (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Medieval_And_Medieval_Settlement_Archaeology_?f_ri=1446"},{"id":31752,"name":"Archeologia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archeologia?f_ri=1446"},{"id":46987,"name":"Slavic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Slavic?f_ri=1446"},{"id":50447,"name":"Arheology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arheology?f_ri=1446"},{"id":58937,"name":"Slavic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Slavic_Studies?f_ri=1446"},{"id":65191,"name":"Archeologia medievale","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archeologia_medievale?f_ri=1446"},{"id":84841,"name":"Slavs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Slavs?f_ri=1446"},{"id":95634,"name":"Archeologie","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archeologie?f_ri=1446"},{"id":103557,"name":"Archéologie","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arch%C3%A9ologie?f_ri=1446"},{"id":117728,"name":"Slavic Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Slavic_Archaeology?f_ri=1446"},{"id":254267,"name":"Arheologija","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arheologija?f_ri=1446"},{"id":433249,"name":"Early Medieval Period","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Medieval_Period?f_ri=1446"},{"id":951143,"name":"Archeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archeology?f_ri=1446"},{"id":1141105,"name":"Archeology Slavs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archeology_Slavs?f_ri=1446"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_37598448" data-work_id="37598448" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37598448/Osobn%C3%AD_jm%C3%A9na_v_n%C3%A1zvech_vybran%C3%BDch_st%C5%99edov%C4%9Bk%C3%BDch_lokalit_Personal_names_in_selected_medieval_toponyms_">Osobní jména v názvech vybraných středověkých lokalit (Personal names in selected medieval toponyms)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Kapitola pojednává o jménech Přemyslovců objevujících se v místních jménech v Čechách a na Moravě. Věnuje se také proměnám místních jmen v období kolonizace v okolí slezského kláštera Henrykówa. The chapter deals with the names of the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_37598448" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Kapitola pojednává o jménech Přemyslovců objevujících se v místních jménech v Čechách a na Moravě. Věnuje se také proměnám místních jmen v období kolonizace v okolí slezského kláštera Henrykówa. <br /> <br />The chapter deals with the names of the Přemyslids appearing in toponyms in Bohemia and Moravia. It also deals with the transformation of toponyms around the Henrykow Monastery in Silesia during the colonization period.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37598448" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6bea395ac614d5ea3b00b90ad4633a59" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":57579624,"asset_id":37598448,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57579624/download_file?st=MTczMjcxNjg5Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="7452024" href="https://cuni.academia.edu/Mark%C3%A9taMarkov%C3%A1">Markéta Marková</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="7452024" type="text/json">{"id":7452024,"first_name":"Markéta","last_name":"Marková","domain_name":"cuni","page_name":"MarkétaMarková","display_name":"Markéta Marková","profile_url":"https://cuni.academia.edu/Mark%C3%A9taMarkov%C3%A1?f_ri=1446","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/7452024/2723880/3172396/s65_marketa.markova.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_37598448 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="37598448"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 37598448, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_37598448", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=37598448]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_37598448").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_37598448").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="37598448"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1446" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History">Medieval History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1446" type="text/json">{"id":1446,"name":"Medieval History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4469" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Toponomastics">Toponomastics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4469" type="text/json">{"id":4469,"name":"Toponomastics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Toponomastics?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6326" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Central_European_history">Central European history</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="6326" type="text/json">{"id":6326,"name":"Central European history","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Central_European_history?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=37598448]'), work: {"id":37598448,"title":"Osobní jména v názvech vybraných středověkých lokalit\r\n(Personal names in selected medieval toponyms)","created_at":"2018-10-17T01:00:37.378-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/37598448/Osobn%C3%AD_jm%C3%A9na_v_n%C3%A1zvech_vybran%C3%BDch_st%C5%99edov%C4%9Bk%C3%BDch_lokalit_Personal_names_in_selected_medieval_toponyms_?f_ri=1446","dom_id":"work_37598448","summary":"Kapitola pojednává o jménech Přemyslovců objevujících se v místních jménech v Čechách a na Moravě. Věnuje se také proměnám místních jmen v období kolonizace v okolí slezského kláštera Henrykówa.\r\n\r\nThe chapter deals with the names of the Přemyslids appearing in toponyms in Bohemia and Moravia. It also deals with the transformation of toponyms around the Henrykow Monastery in Silesia during the colonization period.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":57579624,"asset_id":37598448,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":7452024,"first_name":"Markéta","last_name":"Marková","domain_name":"cuni","page_name":"MarkétaMarková","display_name":"Markéta Marková","profile_url":"https://cuni.academia.edu/Mark%C3%A9taMarkov%C3%A1?f_ri=1446","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/7452024/2723880/3172396/s65_marketa.markova.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1446,"name":"Medieval History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false},{"id":4469,"name":"Toponomastics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Toponomastics?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false},{"id":6326,"name":"Central European history","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Central_European_history?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1209496" data-work_id="1209496" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1209496/Discipline_Compassion_and_Monastic_Ideals_of_Community_c_950_1250">'Discipline, Compassion and Monastic Ideals of Community, c. 950-1250'</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This essay examines the intersections of discipline, compassion and community in a selection of monastic texts from the late tenth through to the mid-thirteenth centuries, focusing on disciplinary rituals involving punitive flogging or... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_1209496" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This essay examines the intersections of discipline, compassion and community in a selection of monastic texts from the late tenth through to the mid-thirteenth centuries, focusing on disciplinary rituals involving punitive flogging or flagellation. Although members of all of the major religious orders viewed flogging as a necessary method of correction needing little or no justification, as evidenced by customaries, letters, and even miracle collections, few scholars have examined the role of this practice in the shaping of monastic culture. This essay suggests that disciplinary rituals served a number of related functions within coenobitic monasticism: they reinforced hierarchies within communities, tested individuals' mastery of the virtues of humility and obedience, expressed superiors' compassion and love for their subordinates, and reminded penitents and spectators alike of Christ's bodily suffering. These conclusions are further supported by a close reading of Peter the Venerable's vita of the Cluniac prior Matthew of Albano, a text which depicts disciplinary violence as a synthetic element of monastic life, as well as a ritual means of promoting the spiritual growth of individuals and entire communities.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1209496" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="68a3add9223ea4851d4f644cc1b98621" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":51060390,"asset_id":1209496,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51060390/download_file?st=MTczMjcxNjg5Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1106691" href="https://ups.academia.edu/KatherineAllenSmith">Katherine Allen Smith</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1106691" type="text/json">{"id":1106691,"first_name":"Katherine Allen","last_name":"Smith","domain_name":"ups","page_name":"KatherineAllenSmith","display_name":"Katherine Allen Smith","profile_url":"https://ups.academia.edu/KatherineAllenSmith?f_ri=1446","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1106691/385466/88282786/s65_katherine_allen.smith.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1209496 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1209496"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1209496, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_1209496", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_1209496 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1209496; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_1209496"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_1209496 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="1209496"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1209496; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1209496]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_1209496").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_1209496").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="1209496"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1446" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History">Medieval History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1446" type="text/json">{"id":1446,"name":"Medieval History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="257992" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Studies">Historical Studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="257992" type="text/json">{"id":257992,"name":"Historical Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Studies?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=1209496]'), work: {"id":1209496,"title":"'Discipline, Compassion and Monastic Ideals of Community, c. 950-1250'","created_at":"2012-01-09T03:23:33.744-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/1209496/Discipline_Compassion_and_Monastic_Ideals_of_Community_c_950_1250?f_ri=1446","dom_id":"work_1209496","summary":"This essay examines the intersections of discipline, compassion and community in a selection of monastic texts from the late tenth through to the mid-thirteenth centuries, focusing on disciplinary rituals involving punitive flogging or flagellation. Although members of all of the major religious orders viewed flogging as a necessary method of correction needing little or no justification, as evidenced by customaries, letters, and even miracle collections, few scholars have examined the role of this practice in the shaping of monastic culture. This essay suggests that disciplinary rituals served a number of related functions within coenobitic monasticism: they reinforced hierarchies within communities, tested individuals' mastery of the virtues of humility and obedience, expressed superiors' compassion and love for their subordinates, and reminded penitents and spectators alike of Christ's bodily suffering. These conclusions are further supported by a close reading of Peter the Venerable's vita of the Cluniac prior Matthew of Albano, a text which depicts disciplinary violence as a synthetic element of monastic life, as well as a ritual means of promoting the spiritual growth of individuals and entire communities.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":51060390,"asset_id":1209496,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1106691,"first_name":"Katherine Allen","last_name":"Smith","domain_name":"ups","page_name":"KatherineAllenSmith","display_name":"Katherine Allen Smith","profile_url":"https://ups.academia.edu/KatherineAllenSmith?f_ri=1446","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1106691/385466/88282786/s65_katherine_allen.smith.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1446,"name":"Medieval History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false},{"id":257992,"name":"Historical Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Studies?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_36530848" data-work_id="36530848" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36530848/A_Critical_Companion_to_John_Skelton_Edited_book_">A Critical Companion to John Skelton [Edited book]</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">John Skelton is a central literary figure and the leading poet during the first thirty years of Tudor rule. Nevertheless, he remains challenging and even contradictory for modern audiences. This book aims to provide an authoritative... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_36530848" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">John Skelton is a central literary figure and the leading poet during the first thirty years of Tudor rule. Nevertheless, he remains challenging and even contradictory for modern audiences.<br /><br />This book aims to provide an authoritative guide to this complex poet and his works, setting him in his historical, religious, and social contexts. Beginning with an exploration of his life and career, it goes on to cover all the major aspects of his poetry, from the literary traditions in which he wrote and the form of his compositions to the manuscript contexts and later reception. Contributors: Tom Betteridge, Julia Boffey, John Burrow, David Carlson, Helen Cooper, Elisabeth Dutton, A.S.G. 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Nevertheless, he remains challenging and even contradictory for modern audiences.\n\nThis book aims to provide an authoritative guide to this complex poet and his works, setting him in his historical, religious, and social contexts. Beginning with an exploration of his life and career, it goes on to cover all the major aspects of his poetry, from the literary traditions in which he wrote and the form of his compositions to the manuscript contexts and later reception. Contributors: Tom Betteridge, Julia Boffey, John Burrow, David Carlson, Helen Cooper, Elisabeth Dutton, A.S.G. 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Texts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_and_Neolatin_Texts?f_ri=1446"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_14639650" data-work_id="14639650" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14639650/_San_Atilano_patr%C3%B3n_de_Tarazona_Historia_de_una_devoci%C3%B3n_en_Carretero_Calvo_R_y_Criado_Mainar_J_coords_MILENIO_San_Atilano_y_Tarazona_1009_2009_con_Ma_Teresa_Ainaga_Andr%C3%A9s_Tarazona_Fundaci%C3%B3n_Tarazona_Monumental_2009_pp_73_109">“San Atilano, patrón de Tarazona: Historia de una devoción”, en Carretero Calvo, R., y Criado Mainar, J. (coords.), MILENIO. San Atilano y Tarazona (1009-2009), (con Mª Teresa Ainaga Andrés), Tarazona, Fundación Tarazona Monumental, 2009, pp. 73-109.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">En este texto se relata la crónica o, si se prefiere, el diario de los hechos que siguieron a la publicación del texto de fray Atanasio de Lobera, desde las primeras gestiones de 1598 para buscar una reliquia del santo hasta su... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_14639650" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">En este texto se relata la crónica o, si se prefiere, el diario de los hechos que siguieron a la publicación del texto de fray Atanasio de Lobera, desde las primeras gestiones de 1598 para buscar una reliquia del santo hasta su consecución en 1644, pasando por su designación en 1617 como patrono de Tarazona o los primeros intentos por presentar dignamente el trofeo.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/14639650" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3746bb46048d52f17d1733009d9b5cbe" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":38375995,"asset_id":14639650,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38375995/download_file?st=MTczMjcxNjg5Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="8161380" href="https://unizar.academia.edu/RebecaCarretero">Rebeca Carretero Calvo</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="8161380" type="text/json">{"id":8161380,"first_name":"Rebeca","last_name":"Carretero Calvo","domain_name":"unizar","page_name":"RebecaCarretero","display_name":"Rebeca Carretero Calvo","profile_url":"https://unizar.academia.edu/RebecaCarretero?f_ri=1446","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8161380/4630843/29826769/s65_rebeca.carretero_calvo.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_14639650 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="14639650"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 14639650, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_14639650", }); 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(coords.), MILENIO. San Atilano y Tarazona (1009-2009), (con Mª Teresa Ainaga Andrés), Tarazona, Fundación Tarazona Monumental, 2009, pp. 73-109.","created_at":"2015-08-04T01:24:26.478-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/14639650/_San_Atilano_patr%C3%B3n_de_Tarazona_Historia_de_una_devoci%C3%B3n_en_Carretero_Calvo_R_y_Criado_Mainar_J_coords_MILENIO_San_Atilano_y_Tarazona_1009_2009_con_Ma_Teresa_Ainaga_Andr%C3%A9s_Tarazona_Fundaci%C3%B3n_Tarazona_Monumental_2009_pp_73_109?f_ri=1446","dom_id":"work_14639650","summary":"En este texto se relata la crónica o, si se prefiere, el diario de los hechos que siguieron a la publicación del texto de fray Atanasio de Lobera, desde las primeras gestiones de 1598 para buscar una reliquia del santo hasta su consecución en 1644, pasando por su designación en 1617 como patrono de Tarazona o los primeros intentos por presentar dignamente el trofeo.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":38375995,"asset_id":14639650,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":8161380,"first_name":"Rebeca","last_name":"Carretero Calvo","domain_name":"unizar","page_name":"RebecaCarretero","display_name":"Rebeca Carretero Calvo","profile_url":"https://unizar.academia.edu/RebecaCarretero?f_ri=1446","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8161380/4630843/29826769/s65_rebeca.carretero_calvo.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false},{"id":134,"name":"Modern History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modern_History?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false},{"id":136,"name":"Cultural History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_History?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false},{"id":1446,"name":"Medieval History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false},{"id":7079,"name":"Cult of Saints","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cult_of_Saints?f_ri=1446"},{"id":42666,"name":"História Moderna","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hist%C3%B3ria_Moderna?f_ri=1446"},{"id":49837,"name":"Historia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historia?f_ri=1446"},{"id":68136,"name":"Alta Edad Media","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Alta_Edad_Media?f_ri=1446"},{"id":114566,"name":"Historia Cultural","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historia_Cultural?f_ri=1446"},{"id":196034,"name":"Tarazona (Spain)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tarazona_Spain_?f_ri=1446"},{"id":225455,"name":"Moyen Âge","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Moyen_%C3%82ge?f_ri=1446"},{"id":232793,"name":"Zamora","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zamora?f_ri=1446"},{"id":233206,"name":"Saints","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Saints?f_ri=1446"},{"id":284812,"name":"Historia Moderna","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historia_Moderna?f_ri=1446"},{"id":332528,"name":"Moyen Age","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Moyen_Age?f_ri=1446"},{"id":332934,"name":"historia de la Iglesia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/historia_de_la_Iglesia?f_ri=1446"},{"id":356338,"name":"Santos","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Santos?f_ri=1446"},{"id":404075,"name":"Historia Moderna De España","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historia_Moderna_De_Espa%C3%B1a?f_ri=1446"},{"id":471528,"name":"comarca de Tarazona, Zaragoza","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/comarca_de_Tarazona_Zaragoza?f_ri=1446"},{"id":1278870,"name":"Eremitas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eremitas?f_ri=1446"},{"id":1575085,"name":"Tarazona","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tarazona?f_ri=1446"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_33893837" data-work_id="33893837" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/33893837/Mount_Tombe_A_Comparative_Analysis_Between_Mont_Saint_Michel_Normandy_FR_and_Mount_Saint_Michael_Cornwall_UK">Mount Tombe - A Comparative Analysis Between Mont Saint Michel Normandy FR & Mount Saint Michael Cornwall UK</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The Mont Saint-Michel is a small, rocky tidal island in France located in a large bay at the mouth of the Couesnon. The granite massif of Mont Saint-Michel is crowned with a medieval abbey. It's a table moutain; a remaining of a... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_33893837" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The Mont Saint-Michel is a small, rocky tidal island in France located in a large bay at the mouth of the Couesnon. <br />The granite massif of Mont Saint-Michel is crowned with a medieval abbey. It's a table moutain; a remaining of a prehistoric petrified treetop. <br />Since 1898, the spire of the abbey church has a statue of Saint Michael that protrudes a hundred and seventy meters above the bay. The island is located about 1 kilometer from the coast near the town of Avranches in Normandy . It was originally a tidal island : it was accessible by land at low tidebut at high tide it was surrounded by water. Today a narrow bridge, with shuttle service, runs to the island. Mont Saint-Michel, with its pedestrian streets, is only accessible to pedestrians.<br /><br />The first text about an abbey is the 9th-century Latin text Revelatio ecclesiae sancti Michaelis in monte Tumba written by a chanoine living at Mont Saint Michel or at the Cathédrale Saint-André d'Avranches. This text was written at a time of power struggle between Brittany and the County of Normandy against Francia as well as during canon law reforms by Roman emperors.<br /><br />When Christianity expanded to the area, around the 4th century, Mont Tombe, the original name of Mont Saint Michel, was part of the Diocese of Avranches. By the middle of the 6th century, Christianity had a stronger presence in the bay. By this time, Mont Tombe was populated by religious devotees, hermits (probably some Celtic monks) supplied by the curé of Astériac, (Asterix) who took care of the site and led a contemplative life around some oratories. The hermits Saint Pair and Saint Seubilion dedicated one of the oratories to Saint Étienne, midway through the mont and one to Saint Symphorien, at the foot of the rock.<br /><br />Saint Aubert<br />In 710, Mont Tombe was renamed Mont Saint Michel au péril de la Mer ("Mount Saint Michael at the peril of the sea) after erecting an oratory to Saint Michael by bishop Saint Aubert of Avranches in 708. According to the legend, Aubert received, during his sleep, three times the order from Saint Michael to erect an oratory on the Mont Tombe. The archangel was reputed to have left his finger mark on Aubert's skull. This skull is displayed at the Saint-Gervais d'Avranches basilica with such a scar on it.<br /><br />This sanctuary should be, according to the archangel, a replica of the Gargano in Italy (from the 5th century). Aubert had a local religious artifact removed and instead a circular sanctuary built, made of dry stones. Around 708, Aubert sent two monks to get some artifacts from the Italian sanctuary Gargano (a rock with his foot print and a piece of tissue from the altar). During this mission, the March 709 tsunami is supposed to have destroyed the Scissy forest and turned the Mont into an island. On October 16 709, the bishop dedicated the church and put twelve chanoine there. The Mont-Saint-Michel was born.<br /><br />The remains of the oratory were found in the chapel Notre-Dame-Sous-Terre. This sanctuary contained the tomb of Aubert and most likely the artifacts brought from Gargano. The chapel Notre-Dame-Sous-Terre is today under the nave of the abbey-church.<br /><br />The first buildings became too small and under the Western Roman Empire multiple buildings were added. Charlemagne chose saint Michel as a protector of his empire during the 9th century and tried to have the place renamed Mont-Saint-Michel, but during the Middle Ages it was usually called Saint-Michel-aux-Deux-Tombes (Saint Michel with two tombs) (Mons Sancti Michaelis in periculo maris, in reference to Tombelaine).<br /><br />History of the abbey<br />Church of Saint Michel during 9th and 10th centuries<br />The Mont-Saint-Michel monks, during the first century of their institution, venerated the archangel Michael. The Mont became a place of prayer and study, but the stability period, known as the Neustria, during the reign of Charlemagne ended when he died. As the rest of Gaule was fighting invasions, religion and science found some welcoming in the diocese of Avranches and at the Mont-Saint-Michel.<br /><br />At first, pilgrims kept coming to the Mont. After the Vikings captured the Mont in 847, the monks departed. But, as an island, it offered some protection for the local population and thus never stayed empty.<br /><br />After the signature of the treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte, Rollo (Gange-Hrólfr "Rollo" Ragnvaldsson de Normandie) started repairing the damages inflicted to the religious buildings. He generously financed the Mont and called back the monks displaced by the war, returning the Mont to its previous condition.<br /><br />The wealth and support that the Mont suddenly obtained from Rollo started to fundamentally affect its inhabitants, taking them away from their solitary, religious life. After William I of Normandy took over his father's title as Duke of Normandy in 927, he expanded his support toward monasteries until his assassination in 932; but his wealth, from which they benefited, further exacerbated their mundane life style. Because of their generous contributions to the Mont, the Dukes of Brittany Conan 1st, who died in 992, and Geoffrey 1st, who died in 1008, were buried in the Mont as benefactors.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/33893837" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6f97f45d150a7b64e5d048ab568b2242" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":62830419,"asset_id":33893837,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/62830419/download_file?st=MTczMjcxNjg5Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="16005828" href="https://ulg.academia.edu/DavidVanderper">David Vanderper</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="16005828" type="text/json">{"id":16005828,"first_name":"David","last_name":"Vanderper","domain_name":"ulg","page_name":"DavidVanderper","display_name":"David Vanderper","profile_url":"https://ulg.academia.edu/DavidVanderper?f_ri=1446","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/16005828/4341433/19170987/s65_david.vanderper.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_33893837 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="33893837"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 33893837, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_33893837", }); 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It's a table moutain; a remaining of a prehistoric petrified treetop. \nSince 1898, the spire of the abbey church has a statue of Saint Michael that protrudes a hundred and seventy meters above the bay. The island is located about 1 kilometer from the coast near the town of Avranches in Normandy . It was originally a tidal island : it was accessible by land at low tidebut at high tide it was surrounded by water. Today a narrow bridge, with shuttle service, runs to the island. Mont Saint-Michel, with its pedestrian streets, is only accessible to pedestrians.\n\nThe first text about an abbey is the 9th-century Latin text Revelatio ecclesiae sancti Michaelis in monte Tumba written by a chanoine living at Mont Saint Michel or at the Cathédrale Saint-André d'Avranches. This text was written at a time of power struggle between Brittany and the County of Normandy against Francia as well as during canon law reforms by Roman emperors.\n\nWhen Christianity expanded to the area, around the 4th century, Mont Tombe, the original name of Mont Saint Michel, was part of the Diocese of Avranches. By the middle of the 6th century, Christianity had a stronger presence in the bay. By this time, Mont Tombe was populated by religious devotees, hermits (probably some Celtic monks) supplied by the curé of Astériac, (Asterix) who took care of the site and led a contemplative life around some oratories. The hermits Saint Pair and Saint Seubilion dedicated one of the oratories to Saint Étienne, midway through the mont and one to Saint Symphorien, at the foot of the rock.\n\nSaint Aubert\nIn 710, Mont Tombe was renamed Mont Saint Michel au péril de la Mer (\"Mount Saint Michael at the peril of the sea) after erecting an oratory to Saint Michael by bishop Saint Aubert of Avranches in 708. According to the legend, Aubert received, during his sleep, three times the order from Saint Michael to erect an oratory on the Mont Tombe. The archangel was reputed to have left his finger mark on Aubert's skull. This skull is displayed at the Saint-Gervais d'Avranches basilica with such a scar on it.\n\nThis sanctuary should be, according to the archangel, a replica of the Gargano in Italy (from the 5th century). Aubert had a local religious artifact removed and instead a circular sanctuary built, made of dry stones. Around 708, Aubert sent two monks to get some artifacts from the Italian sanctuary Gargano (a rock with his foot print and a piece of tissue from the altar). During this mission, the March 709 tsunami is supposed to have destroyed the Scissy forest and turned the Mont into an island. On October 16 709, the bishop dedicated the church and put twelve chanoine there. The Mont-Saint-Michel was born.\n\nThe remains of the oratory were found in the chapel Notre-Dame-Sous-Terre. This sanctuary contained the tomb of Aubert and most likely the artifacts brought from Gargano. The chapel Notre-Dame-Sous-Terre is today under the nave of the abbey-church.\n\nThe first buildings became too small and under the Western Roman Empire multiple buildings were added. Charlemagne chose saint Michel as a protector of his empire during the 9th century and tried to have the place renamed Mont-Saint-Michel, but during the Middle Ages it was usually called Saint-Michel-aux-Deux-Tombes (Saint Michel with two tombs) (Mons Sancti Michaelis in periculo maris, in reference to Tombelaine).\n\nHistory of the abbey\nChurch of Saint Michel during 9th and 10th centuries\nThe Mont-Saint-Michel monks, during the first century of their institution, venerated the archangel Michael. The Mont became a place of prayer and study, but the stability period, known as the Neustria, during the reign of Charlemagne ended when he died. As the rest of Gaule was fighting invasions, religion and science found some welcoming in the diocese of Avranches and at the Mont-Saint-Michel.\n\nAt first, pilgrims kept coming to the Mont. After the Vikings captured the Mont in 847, the monks departed. But, as an island, it offered some protection for the local population and thus never stayed empty.\n\nAfter the signature of the treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte, Rollo (Gange-Hrólfr \"Rollo\" Ragnvaldsson de Normandie) started repairing the damages inflicted to the religious buildings. He generously financed the Mont and called back the monks displaced by the war, returning the Mont to its previous condition.\n\nThe wealth and support that the Mont suddenly obtained from Rollo started to fundamentally affect its inhabitants, taking them away from their solitary, religious life. After William I of Normandy took over his father's title as Duke of Normandy in 927, he expanded his support toward monasteries until his assassination in 932; but his wealth, from which they benefited, further exacerbated their mundane life style. Because of their generous contributions to the Mont, the Dukes of Brittany Conan 1st, who died in 992, and Geoffrey 1st, who died in 1008, were buried in the Mont as benefactors.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":62830419,"asset_id":33893837,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":16005828,"first_name":"David","last_name":"Vanderper","domain_name":"ulg","page_name":"DavidVanderper","display_name":"David Vanderper","profile_url":"https://ulg.academia.edu/DavidVanderper?f_ri=1446","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/16005828/4341433/19170987/s65_david.vanderper.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false},{"id":130,"name":"Ancient History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_History?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false},{"id":1446,"name":"Medieval History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false},{"id":1758,"name":"Dante Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dante_Studies?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false},{"id":14170,"name":"Medieval England","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_England?f_ri=1446"},{"id":27336,"name":"France","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/France?f_ri=1446"},{"id":30494,"name":"England","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/England?f_ri=1446"},{"id":38135,"name":"Sacred mountains","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sacred_mountains?f_ri=1446"},{"id":54723,"name":"Fortifications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fortifications?f_ri=1446"},{"id":59314,"name":"Castles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Castles?f_ri=1446"},{"id":79656,"name":"Anglo-Norman history","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anglo-Norman_history?f_ri=1446"},{"id":115983,"name":"Medieval Architecture, Castles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Architecture_Castles?f_ri=1446"},{"id":149507,"name":"Cornwall","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cornwall?f_ri=1446"},{"id":187423,"name":"Medieval castles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_castles?f_ri=1446"},{"id":237481,"name":"Castles and Fortifications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Castles_and_Fortifications?f_ri=1446"},{"id":287767,"name":"Medieval England \u0026 Ireland \u0026 Normandy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_England_and_Ireland_and_Normandy?f_ri=1446"},{"id":343352,"name":"Medieval Castles and Fortresses","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Castles_and_Fortresses?f_ri=1446"},{"id":496603,"name":"Normandy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Normandy?f_ri=1446"},{"id":543443,"name":"Normans in Normandy, England, Southern Italy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Normans_in_Normandy_England_Southern_Italy?f_ri=1446"},{"id":2593769,"name":"Geology of Devon and Cornwall","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geology_of_Devon_and_Cornwall?f_ri=1446"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_37422957" data-work_id="37422957" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37422957/Mark_R_Cohen_Jews_in_the_Maml%C5%ABk_Environment_The_Crisis_of_1442_A_Geniza_Study_Bulletin_of_the_School_of_Oriental_and_African_Studies_vol_47_no_3_1984_425_448">Mark R. Cohen, “Jews in the Mamlūk Environment: The Crisis of 1442 (A Geniza Study),” Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, vol. 47, no. 3 (1984): 425-448</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37422957" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4b8e3386a3fe8253e441dbbd2f52c5db" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":57388019,"asset_id":37422957,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57388019/download_file?st=MTczMjcxNjg5Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="983144" href="https://princeton.academia.edu/MCohen">Mark R. Cohen</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="983144" type="text/json">{"id":983144,"first_name":"Mark R.","last_name":"Cohen","domain_name":"princeton","page_name":"MCohen","display_name":"Mark R. Cohen","profile_url":"https://princeton.academia.edu/MCohen?f_ri=1446","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/983144/4401297/10827684/s65_mark.cohen.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_37422957 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="37422957"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 37422957, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_37422957", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_37422957 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 37422957; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_37422957"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_37422957 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="37422957"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 37422957; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=37422957]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_37422957").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_37422957").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="37422957"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="983" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jewish_Studies">Jewish Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="983" type="text/json">{"id":983,"name":"Jewish Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jewish_Studies?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1446" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History">Medieval History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1446" type="text/json">{"id":1446,"name":"Medieval History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2853" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Studies">Medieval Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2853" type="text/json">{"id":2853,"name":"Medieval Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Studies?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="23397" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Jewish_History">Medieval Jewish History</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="23397" type="text/json">{"id":23397,"name":"Medieval Jewish History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Jewish_History?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=37422957]'), work: {"id":37422957,"title":"Mark R. Cohen, “Jews in the Mamlūk Environment: The Crisis of 1442 (A Geniza Study),” Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, vol. 47, no. 3 (1984): 425-448","created_at":"2018-09-15T20:03:22.831-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/37422957/Mark_R_Cohen_Jews_in_the_Maml%C5%ABk_Environment_The_Crisis_of_1442_A_Geniza_Study_Bulletin_of_the_School_of_Oriental_and_African_Studies_vol_47_no_3_1984_425_448?f_ri=1446","dom_id":"work_37422957","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":57388019,"asset_id":37422957,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":983144,"first_name":"Mark R.","last_name":"Cohen","domain_name":"princeton","page_name":"MCohen","display_name":"Mark R. Cohen","profile_url":"https://princeton.academia.edu/MCohen?f_ri=1446","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/983144/4401297/10827684/s65_mark.cohen.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":983,"name":"Jewish Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jewish_Studies?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false},{"id":1446,"name":"Medieval History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false},{"id":2853,"name":"Medieval Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Studies?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false},{"id":23397,"name":"Medieval Jewish History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Jewish_History?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false},{"id":25118,"name":"Medieval Islamic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Islamic_History?f_ri=1446"},{"id":80167,"name":"Cairo Genizah","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cairo_Genizah?f_ri=1446"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_28896707" data-work_id="28896707" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/28896707/_Confrontation_of_Powers_in_the_Norman_Kingdom_of_Sicily_Kings_Nobles_Bureaucrats_and_Cities_Citta_e_vita_cittadina_nei_Paesi_dellarea_mediterranea_secoli_XI_XV_Atti_del_Convegno_Internazionale_in_onore_di_Salvatore_Tramontana_a_cura_di_B_Saitta_Roma_Viella_2006_pp_541_552">"Confrontation of Powers in the Norman Kingdom of Sicily: Kings, Nobles, Bureaucrats and Cities," Citta e vita cittadina nei Paesi dell'area mediterranea: secoli XI-XV, Atti del Convegno Internazionale in onore di Salvatore Tramontana, a cura di B. Saitta (Roma, Viella, 2006), pp. 541-552.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Although scholars tend to draw a line of confrontation between the conquerors Normans and the conquered Muslims and Greeks in the kingdom of Sicily, the actual relationship among these people was not so simple. In the kingdom there was a... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_28896707" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Although scholars tend to draw a line of confrontation between the conquerors Normans and the conquered Muslims and Greeks in the kingdom of Sicily, the actual relationship among these people was not so simple. In the kingdom there was a relatively developed bureaucracy staffed by officials with varied cultural backgrounds.  The kings and these bureaucrats took a stand against the aristocrats, who had solely Latin Christian backgrounds.  In fact, the keynote of the political history of the kingdom was a process in which the kings together with bureaucrats held down the aristocrats and cities of the peninsula.  The kings and bureaucrats, who had different cultural backgrounds but were highly educated and cultured, took a stand against aristocrats who were not well cultured but trained as warriors.  However, this line of confrontation was visible only during the peacetime.  During the wartime, a line of confrontation was drawn within aristocrats and cities that had military power.  Aristocrats and cities were divided into a pro-king group and an anti-king one, and fought amongst each other, while bureaucrats were usually on the side of the kings.  This suggests that even the mighty Norman kings supported by the bureaucrats were by no means absolute.  The strong Norman kingship of Sicily was in fact only made possible by a delicate balance of power among aristocrats, cities, and bureaucrats.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/28896707" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="96f42f6735ac2b2bb8cb0c94bc70586f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":49329876,"asset_id":28896707,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49329876/download_file?st=MTczMjcxNjg5Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="8881375" href="https://u-tokyo.academia.edu/HiroshiTakayama">Hiroshi Takayama</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="8881375" type="text/json">{"id":8881375,"first_name":"Hiroshi","last_name":"Takayama","domain_name":"u-tokyo","page_name":"HiroshiTakayama","display_name":"Hiroshi Takayama","profile_url":"https://u-tokyo.academia.edu/HiroshiTakayama?f_ri=1446","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8881375/6722692/18992210/s65_hiroshi.takayama.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_28896707 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="28896707"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 28896707, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_28896707", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=28896707]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_28896707").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_28896707").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="28896707"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">21</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="898" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multiculturalism">Multiculturalism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="898" type="text/json">{"id":898,"name":"Multiculturalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multiculturalism?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1446" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History">Medieval History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1446" type="text/json">{"id":1446,"name":"Medieval History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2853" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Studies">Medieval Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2853" type="text/json">{"id":2853,"name":"Medieval Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Studies?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5293" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/State_Formation">State Formation</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="5293" type="text/json">{"id":5293,"name":"State Formation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/State_Formation?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=28896707]'), work: {"id":28896707,"title":"\"Confrontation of Powers in the Norman Kingdom of Sicily: Kings, Nobles, Bureaucrats and Cities,\" Citta e vita cittadina nei Paesi dell'area mediterranea: secoli XI-XV, Atti del Convegno Internazionale in onore di Salvatore Tramontana, a cura di B. Saitta (Roma, Viella, 2006), pp. 541-552.","created_at":"2016-10-03T17:50:47.110-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/28896707/_Confrontation_of_Powers_in_the_Norman_Kingdom_of_Sicily_Kings_Nobles_Bureaucrats_and_Cities_Citta_e_vita_cittadina_nei_Paesi_dellarea_mediterranea_secoli_XI_XV_Atti_del_Convegno_Internazionale_in_onore_di_Salvatore_Tramontana_a_cura_di_B_Saitta_Roma_Viella_2006_pp_541_552?f_ri=1446","dom_id":"work_28896707","summary":"Although scholars tend to draw a line of confrontation between the conquerors Normans and the conquered Muslims and Greeks in the kingdom of Sicily, the actual relationship among these people was not so simple. In the kingdom there was a relatively developed bureaucracy staffed by officials with varied cultural backgrounds. The kings and these bureaucrats took a stand against the aristocrats, who had solely Latin Christian backgrounds. In fact, the keynote of the political history of the kingdom was a process in which the kings together with bureaucrats held down the aristocrats and cities of the peninsula. The kings and bureaucrats, who had different cultural backgrounds but were highly educated and cultured, took a stand against aristocrats who were not well cultured but trained as warriors. However, this line of confrontation was visible only during the peacetime. During the wartime, a line of confrontation was drawn within aristocrats and cities that had military power. Aristocrats and cities were divided into a pro-king group and an anti-king one, and fought amongst each other, while bureaucrats were usually on the side of the kings. This suggests that even the mighty Norman kings supported by the bureaucrats were by no means absolute. The strong Norman kingship of Sicily was in fact only made possible by a delicate balance of power among aristocrats, cities, and bureaucrats.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":49329876,"asset_id":28896707,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":8881375,"first_name":"Hiroshi","last_name":"Takayama","domain_name":"u-tokyo","page_name":"HiroshiTakayama","display_name":"Hiroshi Takayama","profile_url":"https://u-tokyo.academia.edu/HiroshiTakayama?f_ri=1446","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8881375/6722692/18992210/s65_hiroshi.takayama.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":898,"name":"Multiculturalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multiculturalism?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false},{"id":1446,"name":"Medieval History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false},{"id":2853,"name":"Medieval Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Studies?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false},{"id":5293,"name":"State Formation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/State_Formation?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false},{"id":8032,"name":"Cross-Cultural Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross-Cultural_Studies?f_ri=1446"},{"id":10672,"name":"State Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/State_Theory?f_ri=1446"},{"id":13625,"name":"Kingship (Medieval History)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kingship_Medieval_History_?f_ri=1446"},{"id":21671,"name":"Medieval Sicily","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Sicily?f_ri=1446"},{"id":21676,"name":"Norman Sicily","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Norman_Sicily?f_ri=1446"},{"id":21686,"name":"Sicily (History)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sicily_History_?f_ri=1446"},{"id":21858,"name":"Kingship and systems of rule","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kingship_and_systems_of_rule?f_ri=1446"},{"id":34138,"name":"Normans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Normans?f_ri=1446"},{"id":62276,"name":"Islamic and Norman Sicily","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_and_Norman_Sicily?f_ri=1446"},{"id":63804,"name":"Institutions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Institutions?f_ri=1446"},{"id":79656,"name":"Anglo-Norman history","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anglo-Norman_history?f_ri=1446"},{"id":80854,"name":"Sicily","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sicily?f_ri=1446"},{"id":100162,"name":"Medieval government","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_government?f_ri=1446"},{"id":139099,"name":"Kingdom of Sicily (1130-1300)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kingdom_of_Sicily_1130-1300_?f_ri=1446"},{"id":175538,"name":"Norman","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Norman?f_ri=1446"},{"id":245813,"name":"Multicultural","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multicultural?f_ri=1446"},{"id":375015,"name":"Normans in Southern Italy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Normans_in_Southern_Italy?f_ri=1446"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_74965199" data-work_id="74965199" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/74965199/Magic_and_the_origins_of_modern_science">Magic and the origins of modern science</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Further important sources of the empiricism of the Scientific Revolution were to be found in the magical tradition, and these influences can be seen at work in a number of areas. They deserve separate consideration here, however, because... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_74965199" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Further important sources of the empiricism of the Scientific Revolution were to be found in the magical tradition, and these influences can be seen at work in a number of areas. They deserve separate consideration here, however, because they have generated considerable historiographical debate [222; 39]. A number of historians of science have refused to accept that something which they see as so irrational could have had any impact whatsoever upon the supremely rational pursuit of science. Their arguments seem to be based on mere prejudice, or on a failure to understand the richness and complexity of the magical tradition.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/74965199" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="111472" href="https://edinburgh.academia.edu/JohnHenry">John Henry</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="111472" type="text/json">{"id":111472,"first_name":"John","last_name":"Henry","domain_name":"edinburgh","page_name":"JohnHenry","display_name":"John Henry","profile_url":"https://edinburgh.academia.edu/JohnHenry?f_ri=1446","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/111472/30252/55928/s65_john.henry.111472"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_74965199 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="74965199"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 74965199, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_74965199", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=74965199]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_74965199").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_74965199").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="74965199"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="803" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy">Philosophy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="803" type="text/json">{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1446" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History">Medieval History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1446" type="text/json">{"id":1446,"name":"Medieval History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5408" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magic">Magic</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5408" type="text/json">{"id":5408,"name":"Magic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magic?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6779" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Science">Science</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="6779" type="text/json">{"id":6779,"name":"Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Science?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=74965199]'), work: {"id":74965199,"title":"Magic and the origins of modern science","created_at":"2022-03-30T04:29:43.861-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/74965199/Magic_and_the_origins_of_modern_science?f_ri=1446","dom_id":"work_74965199","summary":"Further important sources of the empiricism of the Scientific Revolution were to be found in the magical tradition, and these influences can be seen at work in a number of areas. They deserve separate consideration here, however, because they have generated considerable historiographical debate [222; 39]. A number of historians of science have refused to accept that something which they see as so irrational could have had any impact whatsoever upon the supremely rational pursuit of science. Their arguments seem to be based on mere prejudice, or on a failure to understand the richness and complexity of the magical tradition.","downloadable_attachments":[],"ordered_authors":[{"id":111472,"first_name":"John","last_name":"Henry","domain_name":"edinburgh","page_name":"JohnHenry","display_name":"John Henry","profile_url":"https://edinburgh.academia.edu/JohnHenry?f_ri=1446","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/111472/30252/55928/s65_john.henry.111472"}],"research_interests":[{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false},{"id":1446,"name":"Medieval History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false},{"id":5408,"name":"Magic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magic?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false},{"id":6779,"name":"Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Science?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=1446"},{"id":243629,"name":"Lancet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lancet?f_ri=1446"},{"id":3094070,"name":"The Lancet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Lancet?f_ri=1446"},{"id":3763225,"name":"Medical and Health Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_and_Health_Sciences?f_ri=1446"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_45670419" data-work_id="45670419" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/45670419/O_aragonskom_vite%C5%A1kom_redu_Stole_i_vaze_u_srednjovjekovnoj_Bosni_On_the_Chivalric_Order_of_the_Stole_and_the_Jar_in_Medieval_Bosnia_">O aragonskom viteškom redu Stole i vaze u srednjovjekovnoj Bosni (On the Chivalric Order of the Stole and the Jar in Medieval Bosnia)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The admittance of individuals into a chivalric order was an important tool of late medieval diplomacy which contributed significantly to the reinforcement of political and cultural ties between the order’s leader and admitted member and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_45670419" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The admittance of individuals into a chivalric order was an important tool of late medieval diplomacy which contributed significantly to the reinforcement of political and cultural ties between the order’s leader and admitted member and between their respective social circles. Therefore, this paper analyses the presence of such chivalric orders in medieval Bosnia, with special emphasis placed on the Aragonese Order of the Stole and Jar through the prism of an alliance concluded between King Alfonso V of Aragon (r. 1416-1458) and Stjepan Vukčić (r. 1435- 1466), the Grand Duke of Bosnia who later became the Duke of St. Sava. The most of the individuals admitted to this Order were diplomats who visited Alfonso’s court in Naples. However, the privileges granted to Duke Stjepan Vukčić in 1444 constitute an exceptional case. According to a preserved document, he was granted the right to accept fifty new members and provide them with the insignia of the Order. The paper further contains an analysis and transcription of the text as well as a photographic reproduction of an authorized copy of this charter.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/45670419" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="37a714143fcfc3629538f1c1a5517d72" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":66171592,"asset_id":45670419,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/66171592/download_file?st=MTczMjcxNjg5Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="29799" href="https://ffsa.academia.edu/EmirOFilipovic">Emir O. Filipović</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="29799" type="text/json">{"id":29799,"first_name":"Emir","last_name":"O. Filipović","domain_name":"ffsa","page_name":"EmirOFilipovic","display_name":"Emir O. Filipović","profile_url":"https://ffsa.academia.edu/EmirOFilipovic?f_ri=1446","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/29799/9689/60812032/s65_emir.o._filipovi_.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_45670419 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="45670419"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 45670419, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_45670419", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_45670419 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 45670419; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_45670419"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_45670419 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="45670419"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 45670419; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=45670419]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_45670419").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_45670419").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="45670419"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1446" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History">Medieval History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1446" type="text/json">{"id":1446,"name":"Medieval History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2853" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Studies">Medieval Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2853" type="text/json">{"id":2853,"name":"Medieval Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Studies?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5993" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bosnia">Bosnia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5993" type="text/json">{"id":5993,"name":"Bosnia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bosnia?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7237" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chivalry_Chivalry_">Chivalry (Chivalry)</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="7237" type="text/json">{"id":7237,"name":"Chivalry (Chivalry)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chivalry_Chivalry_?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=45670419]'), work: {"id":45670419,"title":"O aragonskom viteškom redu Stole i vaze u srednjovjekovnoj Bosni (On the Chivalric Order of the Stole and the Jar in Medieval Bosnia)","created_at":"2021-04-03T07:02:21.400-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/45670419/O_aragonskom_vite%C5%A1kom_redu_Stole_i_vaze_u_srednjovjekovnoj_Bosni_On_the_Chivalric_Order_of_the_Stole_and_the_Jar_in_Medieval_Bosnia_?f_ri=1446","dom_id":"work_45670419","summary":"The admittance of individuals into a chivalric order was an important tool of late medieval diplomacy which contributed significantly to the reinforcement of political and cultural ties between the order’s leader and admitted member and between their respective social circles. Therefore, this paper analyses the presence of such chivalric orders in medieval Bosnia, with special emphasis placed on the Aragonese Order of the Stole and Jar through the prism of an alliance concluded between King Alfonso V of Aragon (r. 1416-1458) and Stjepan Vukčić (r. 1435- 1466), the Grand Duke of Bosnia who later became the Duke of St. Sava. The most of the individuals admitted to this Order were diplomats who visited Alfonso’s court in Naples. However, the privileges granted to Duke Stjepan Vukčić in 1444 constitute an exceptional case. According to a preserved document, he was granted the right to accept fifty new members and provide them with the insignia of the Order. The paper further contains an analysis and transcription of the text as well as a photographic reproduction of an authorized copy of this charter.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":66171592,"asset_id":45670419,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":29799,"first_name":"Emir","last_name":"O. Filipović","domain_name":"ffsa","page_name":"EmirOFilipovic","display_name":"Emir O. 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100 χρόνια πριν. Τόσες πολλές ομοιότητες με το σήμερα… Η φυματίωση, το Σανατόριο, οι πρόσφυγες από την Ανατολική Θράκη τότε... και η μεγαλειώδης πράξη των γιατρών της Ιταλίας που σήμερα νοσούν από τον κορονοϊό. ΚΑVALA POST, 23/03/2020</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/42302342" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="cecb78d56936fc53df122aa01355dc16" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":62458135,"asset_id":42302342,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/62458135/download_file?st=MTczMjcxNjg5Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="6154644" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SAPFOAGELOUDI">SAPPHO AGELOUDI-ZARKADA</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="6154644" type="text/json">{"id":6154644,"first_name":"SAPPHO","last_name":"AGELOUDI-ZARKADA","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SAPFOAGELOUDI","display_name":"SAPPHO AGELOUDI-ZARKADA","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SAPFOAGELOUDI?f_ri=1446","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6154644/18841990/55638804/s65_sappho.ageloudi-zarkada.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_42302342 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="42302342"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 42302342, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_42302342", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_42302342 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 42302342; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_42302342"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_42302342 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="42302342"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 42302342; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=42302342]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_42302342").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_42302342").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="42302342"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i></div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl6x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1446" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History">Medieval History</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1446" type="text/json">{"id":1446,"name":"Medieval History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (false) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=42302342]'), work: {"id":42302342,"title":"Καβάλα, 100 χρόνια πριν. Τόσες πολλές ομοιότητες με το σήμερα…\nΗ φυματίωση, το Σανατόριο, οι πρόσφυγες από την Ανατολική Θράκη τότε... και η μεγαλειώδης πράξη των γιατρών της Ιταλίας που σήμερα νοσούν από τον κορονοϊό. 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Marc Saperstein (Pittsburgh: Hebrew Union College and University of Pittsburgh Presses, 2015)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/38040055" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d5cfe262404c16d4accafb1e5a757edb" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":58064153,"asset_id":38040055,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58064153/download_file?st=MTczMjcxNjg5Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="9538369" href="https://gwu.academia.edu/MarcSaperstein">Marc Saperstein</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="9538369" type="text/json">{"id":9538369,"first_name":"Marc","last_name":"Saperstein","domain_name":"gwu","page_name":"MarcSaperstein","display_name":"Marc Saperstein","profile_url":"https://gwu.academia.edu/MarcSaperstein?f_ri=1446","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/9538369/19920344/19724936/s65_marc.saperstein.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_38040055 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="38040055"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38040055, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_38040055", }); 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Marc Saperstein (Pittsburgh: Hebrew Union College and University of Pittsburgh Presses, 2015)","created_at":"2018-12-26T00:48:10.174-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/38040055/Jacob_Rader_Marcus_The_Jews_in_Christian_Europe_A_Source_Book_315_1791_ed_Marc_Saperstein_Pittsburgh_Hebrew_Union_College_and_University_of_Pittsburgh_Presses_2015_?f_ri=1446","dom_id":"work_38040055","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":58064153,"asset_id":38040055,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":9538369,"first_name":"Marc","last_name":"Saperstein","domain_name":"gwu","page_name":"MarcSaperstein","display_name":"Marc Saperstein","profile_url":"https://gwu.academia.edu/MarcSaperstein?f_ri=1446","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/9538369/19920344/19724936/s65_marc.saperstein.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":983,"name":"Jewish Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jewish_Studies?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false},{"id":1446,"name":"Medieval History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false},{"id":2853,"name":"Medieval Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Studies?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false},{"id":20977,"name":"Medieval Jewish Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Jewish_Philosophy?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false},{"id":23397,"name":"Medieval Jewish History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Jewish_History?f_ri=1446"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1101859" data-work_id="1101859" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1101859/%CE%96%CE%B7%CF%84%CE%AE%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B1_%CE%B5%CF%80%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B7%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%AE%CF%82_%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%B9%CE%BD%CF%89%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE%CF%82_%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82">Ζητήματα επτανησιακής κοινωνικής ιστορίας</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1101859" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f26dea4041506c1050bc6c10c57ea6ca" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":6763455,"asset_id":1101859,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/6763455/download_file?st=MTczMjcxNjg5Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="273992" href="https://uoa.academia.edu/GeorgeLeontsinis">George Leontsinis</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="273992" type="text/json">{"id":273992,"first_name":"George","last_name":"Leontsinis","domain_name":"uoa","page_name":"GeorgeLeontsinis","display_name":"George Leontsinis","profile_url":"https://uoa.academia.edu/GeorgeLeontsinis?f_ri=1446","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/273992/56764/17603503/s65_george.leontsinis.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1101859 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1101859"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1101859, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_1101859", }); 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Alexander O'Hara</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The period 550 to 750 was one in which monastic culture became more firmly entrenched in Western Europe. The role of monasteries and their relationship to the social world around them was transformed during this period as monastic... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_37162200" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The period 550 to 750 was one in which monastic culture became more firmly entrenched in Western Europe. The role of monasteries and their relationship to the social world around them was transformed during this period as monastic institutions became more integrated in social and political power networks. This collected volume of essays focuses on one of the central figures in this process, the Irish ascetic exile and monastic founder, Columbanus (c. 550-615), his travels on the Continent, and the monastic network he and his Frankish disciples established in Merovingian Gaul and Lombard Italy.<br /><br />The post-Roman kingdoms through which Columbanus travelled and established his monastic foundations were made up of many different communities of peoples. As an outsider and immigrant, how did Columbanus and his communities interact with these peoples? How did they negotiate differences and what emerged from these encounters? How societies interact with outsiders can reveal the inner workings and social norms of that culture. This volume aims to explore further the strands of this vibrant contact and to consider all of the geographical spheres in which Columbanus and his monastic communities operated (Ireland, Merovingian Gaul, Alamannia, Lombard Italy) and the varieties of communities he and his successors came in contact with — whether they were royal, ecclesiastic, aristocratic, or grass-roots.<br /><br />Table of Contents<br /><br />Preface<br />List of Abbreviations<br />Maps<br />Contributors<br />Foreword Walter Pohl<br />Part I: Columbanus in Context<br />Chapter 1: Introduction: Columbanus and Europe Alexander O'Hara<br />Chapter 2: Columbanus and the Language of Concord Damian Bracken<br />Part II: The Insular Background<br />Chapter 3: The Political Background to Columbanus's Irish Career Dáibhí Ó Cróinín<br />Chapter 4: Movers and Shakers? How Women Shaped the Career of Columbanus Elva Johnston <br />Chapter 5: Columbanus's Ulster Education Alex Woolf <br />Part III: The Frankish World <br />Chapter 6: Columbanus in Brittany Ian Wood <br />Chapter 7: Columbanus and Shunning: The Irish peregrinus between Gildas, Gaul, and Gregory Clare Stancliffe <br />Chapter 8: Orthodoxy and Authority: Jonas, Eustasius, and the Agrestius Affair Andreas Fischer <br />Chapter 9: Columbanus and the Mission to the Bavarians and the Slavs in the Seventh Century Herwig Wolfram<br />Part IV: On the Fringe: Columbanus and Gallus in Alamannia <br />Chapter 10: Between the Devil and the deep Lake Constance: Jonas of Bobbio, interpretatio Christiana, and the Pagan Religion of the Alamanni Bernhard Maier <br />Chapter 11: Drinking with Woden: A Re-Examination of Jonas's Vita Columbani I. 27 Francesco Borri <br />Chapter 12: Between Metz and Überlingen: Columbanus and Gallus in Alamannia Yaniv Fox <br />Chapter 13: Quicumque sunt rebelles, foras exeant! Columbanus's Rebellious Disciple Gallus Philipp Dörler<br />Part V: Lombard Italy and Columbanus's Legacy <br />Chapter 14: Columbanus, Bobbio, and the Lombards Stefano Gasparri<br />Chapter 15: Disputing Columbanus's Heritage: The Regula cuiusdam patris (with a translation of the Rule) Albrecht Diem</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37162200" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3aaaf5dadc02e719c35c0eeab91d0993" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":57113235,"asset_id":37162200,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57113235/download_file?st=MTczMjcxNjg5Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="17298" href="https://harvard.academia.edu/AlexanderOHara">Alexander O'Hara</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="17298" type="text/json">{"id":17298,"first_name":"Alexander","last_name":"O'Hara","domain_name":"harvard","page_name":"AlexanderOHara","display_name":"Alexander O'Hara","profile_url":"https://harvard.academia.edu/AlexanderOHara?f_ri=1446","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/17298/5801/141780272/s65_alexander.o_hara.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_37162200 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="37162200"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 37162200, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_37162200", }); 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Alexander O'Hara","created_at":"2018-08-01T06:01:29.494-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/37162200/Columbanus_and_the_Peoples_of_Post_Roman_Europe_ed_Alexander_OHara?f_ri=1446","dom_id":"work_37162200","summary":"The period 550 to 750 was one in which monastic culture became more firmly entrenched in Western Europe. The role of monasteries and their relationship to the social world around them was transformed during this period as monastic institutions became more integrated in social and political power networks. This collected volume of essays focuses on one of the central figures in this process, the Irish ascetic exile and monastic founder, Columbanus (c. 550-615), his travels on the Continent, and the monastic network he and his Frankish disciples established in Merovingian Gaul and Lombard Italy.\n\nThe post-Roman kingdoms through which Columbanus travelled and established his monastic foundations were made up of many different communities of peoples. As an outsider and immigrant, how did Columbanus and his communities interact with these peoples? How did they negotiate differences and what emerged from these encounters? How societies interact with outsiders can reveal the inner workings and social norms of that culture. This volume aims to explore further the strands of this vibrant contact and to consider all of the geographical spheres in which Columbanus and his monastic communities operated (Ireland, Merovingian Gaul, Alamannia, Lombard Italy) and the varieties of communities he and his successors came in contact with — whether they were royal, ecclesiastic, aristocratic, or grass-roots.\n\nTable of Contents\n\nPreface\nList of Abbreviations\nMaps\nContributors\nForeword Walter Pohl\nPart I: Columbanus in Context\nChapter 1: Introduction: Columbanus and Europe Alexander O'Hara\nChapter 2: Columbanus and the Language of Concord Damian Bracken\nPart II: The Insular Background\nChapter 3: The Political Background to Columbanus's Irish Career Dáibhí Ó Cróinín\nChapter 4: Movers and Shakers? How Women Shaped the Career of Columbanus Elva Johnston \nChapter 5: Columbanus's Ulster Education Alex Woolf \nPart III: The Frankish World \nChapter 6: Columbanus in Brittany Ian Wood \nChapter 7: Columbanus and Shunning: The Irish peregrinus between Gildas, Gaul, and Gregory Clare Stancliffe \nChapter 8: Orthodoxy and Authority: Jonas, Eustasius, and the Agrestius Affair Andreas Fischer \nChapter 9: Columbanus and the Mission to the Bavarians and the Slavs in the Seventh Century Herwig Wolfram\nPart IV: On the Fringe: Columbanus and Gallus in Alamannia \nChapter 10: Between the Devil and the deep Lake Constance: Jonas of Bobbio, interpretatio Christiana, and the Pagan Religion of the Alamanni Bernhard Maier \nChapter 11: Drinking with Woden: A Re-Examination of Jonas's Vita Columbani I. 27 Francesco Borri \nChapter 12: Between Metz and Überlingen: Columbanus and Gallus in Alamannia Yaniv Fox \nChapter 13: Quicumque sunt rebelles, foras exeant! Columbanus's Rebellious Disciple Gallus Philipp Dörler\nPart V: Lombard Italy and Columbanus's Legacy \nChapter 14: Columbanus, Bobbio, and the Lombards Stefano Gasparri\nChapter 15: Disputing Columbanus's Heritage: The Regula cuiusdam patris (with a translation of the Rule) Albrecht Diem ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":57113235,"asset_id":37162200,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":17298,"first_name":"Alexander","last_name":"O'Hara","domain_name":"harvard","page_name":"AlexanderOHara","display_name":"Alexander O'Hara","profile_url":"https://harvard.academia.edu/AlexanderOHara?f_ri=1446","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/17298/5801/141780272/s65_alexander.o_hara.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":106,"name":"Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false},{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false},{"id":188,"name":"Cultural 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Monastic communities... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_33859464" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Monasticism became part of European culture from the early period of Christianity and developed into a powerful institution that had a profound effect on the greater Church, on wider society, and on the landscape. Monastic communities were as diverse as the societies in which they lived, following a variety of rules, building monasteries influenced by common ideals and yet diverse in their regionalism, while also contributing to the economic and spiritual well-being inside and outside their precincts.<br /><br />This interdisciplinary volume presents the diversity of medieval European monasticism with a particular emphasis on its impact on the immediate environs. Geographically it extends from the far west in Ireland, Scotland, and Wales, to the east in Romania and the Balkans, through the north of Scandinavia to the south of the Iberian Peninsula. Drawing on archaeological, art and architectural, textual and topographical evidence, the contributors explore how monastic communities were formed, how they created a landscape of monasticism, how they wove their identities with those around them, and how they interacted with all levels of society to leave a lasting imprint on European towns and rural landscapes.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/33859464" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b8c07506480b53b3918b7561b9d8eac9" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":64151368,"asset_id":33859464,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64151368/download_file?st=MTczMjcxNjg5Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1480540" href="https://independent.academia.edu/KeithSmith108">Keith Smith</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1480540" type="text/json">{"id":1480540,"first_name":"Keith","last_name":"Smith","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"KeithSmith108","display_name":"Keith Smith","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/KeithSmith108?f_ri=1446","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1480540/528409/15000806/s65_keith.smith.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-33859464">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-33859464"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://ucc-ie.academia.edu/GosiaDAughton">Malgorzata D'Aughton</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-33859464'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-33859464').html(); 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Monastic communities were as diverse as the societies in which they lived, following a variety of rules, building monasteries influenced by common ideals and yet diverse in their regionalism, while also contributing to the economic and spiritual well-being inside and outside their precincts.\n\nThis interdisciplinary volume presents the diversity of medieval European monasticism with a particular emphasis on its impact on the immediate environs. Geographically it extends from the far west in Ireland, Scotland, and Wales, to the east in Romania and the Balkans, through the north of Scandinavia to the south of the Iberian Peninsula. Drawing on archaeological, art and architectural, textual and topographical evidence, the contributors explore how monastic communities were formed, how they created a landscape of monasticism, how they wove their identities with those around them, and how they interacted with all levels of society to leave a lasting imprint on European towns and rural landscapes.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":64151368,"asset_id":33859464,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1480540,"first_name":"Keith","last_name":"Smith","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"KeithSmith108","display_name":"Keith Smith","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/KeithSmith108?f_ri=1446","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1480540/528409/15000806/s65_keith.smith.jpg"},{"id":5388804,"first_name":"Malgorzata","last_name":"D'Aughton","domain_name":"ucc-ie","page_name":"GosiaDAughton","display_name":"Malgorzata D'Aughton","profile_url":"https://ucc-ie.academia.edu/GosiaDAughton?f_ri=1446","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1446,"name":"Medieval History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false},{"id":19330,"name":"Religious congregations and monastic orders","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religious_congregations_and_monastic_orders?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false},{"id":21987,"name":"Monasticism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Monasticism?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false},{"id":25719,"name":"Religious History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religious_History?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false},{"id":26784,"name":"European Medieval History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Medieval_History?f_ri=1446"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_6074458" data-work_id="6074458" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/6074458/NADAL_GRATIA_1">NADAL-GRATIA = 1</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/6074458" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="228fae9adb80ea06f8a7f867a377c421" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":32994474,"asset_id":6074458,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32994474/download_file?st=MTczMjcxNjg5Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="9144973" href="https://scu.academia.edu/HilarionRakoto">Hilarion Rakoto</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="9144973" type="text/json">{"id":9144973,"first_name":"Hilarion","last_name":"Rakoto","domain_name":"scu","page_name":"HilarionRakoto","display_name":"Hilarion Rakoto","profile_url":"https://scu.academia.edu/HilarionRakoto?f_ri=1446","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/9144973/4310061/5008943/s65_hilarion.rakoto.jpg_oh_f3083518555712928482f9b6436e6492_oe_54797d32___gda___1417472970_46b5573fff52e6aa4731e6bfe867d827"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_6074458 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="6074458"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 6074458, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_6074458", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=6074458]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_6074458").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_6074458").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="6074458"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1302" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theology">Theology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1302" type="text/json">{"id":1302,"name":"Theology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theology?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1446" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History">Medieval History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1446" type="text/json">{"id":1446,"name":"Medieval History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2853" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Studies">Medieval Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2853" type="text/json">{"id":2853,"name":"Medieval Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Studies?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3815" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spirituality">Spirituality</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3815" type="text/json">{"id":3815,"name":"Spirituality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spirituality?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=6074458]'), work: {"id":6074458,"title":"NADAL-GRATIA = 1","created_at":"2014-02-14T02:20:46.008-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/6074458/NADAL_GRATIA_1?f_ri=1446","dom_id":"work_6074458","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":32994474,"asset_id":6074458,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":9144973,"first_name":"Hilarion","last_name":"Rakoto","domain_name":"scu","page_name":"HilarionRakoto","display_name":"Hilarion Rakoto","profile_url":"https://scu.academia.edu/HilarionRakoto?f_ri=1446","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/9144973/4310061/5008943/s65_hilarion.rakoto.jpg_oh_f3083518555712928482f9b6436e6492_oe_54797d32___gda___1417472970_46b5573fff52e6aa4731e6bfe867d827"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1302,"name":"Theology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theology?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false},{"id":1446,"name":"Medieval History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false},{"id":2853,"name":"Medieval Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Studies?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false},{"id":3815,"name":"Spirituality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spirituality?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false},{"id":66491,"name":"Society of Jesus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Society_of_Jesus?f_ri=1446"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_4430338" data-work_id="4430338" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4430338/Ten_years_gone_summarising_a_decade_of_research_into_the_development_of_pre_historical_land_use_and_settlement_patterns_in_the_parish_of_Puttenham_Surrey">Ten years gone: summarising a decade of research into the development of pre-historical land-use and settlement patterns in the parish of Puttenham, Surrey</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">A decade of studying the topography/archaeology/history/geography of the Surrey parish I grew up in has left me with a clutch of discoveries of local and supra-local significance, as well as a host of questions to be answered in the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_4430338" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">A decade of studying the topography/archaeology/history/geography of the Surrey parish I grew up in has left me with a clutch of discoveries of local and supra-local significance, as well as a host of questions to be answered in the future by myself and any more capable researchers who might be interested in taking up the challenge. The paper (like the extended and extensive research process behind it) takes what is very much a long view to the subjects in hand. So far as the medieval period is concerned, it sets out the evidence that suggests the landscape was recast during a "long twelfth century" which saw Puttenham emerge as a manor, village and parish, but within a more complex and heterogenous local context. Further research should show the degree to which the situation within the parish matched or was at odds with that from other parishes within Surrey and beyond. <br /> <br />***Follow link below to view paper***</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/4430338" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3dd5d3fa996d74f411c3ccf44f5b4ea7" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":31849464,"asset_id":4430338,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/31849464/download_file?st=MTczMjcxNjg5Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1175372" href="https://independentresearcher.academia.edu/RobertBriggs">Robert Briggs</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1175372" type="text/json">{"id":1175372,"first_name":"Robert","last_name":"Briggs","domain_name":"independentresearcher","page_name":"RobertBriggs","display_name":"Robert Briggs","profile_url":"https://independentresearcher.academia.edu/RobertBriggs?f_ri=1446","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1175372/417827/514069/s65_robert.briggs.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_4430338 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="4430338"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 4430338, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_4430338", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=4430338]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_4430338").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_4430338").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="4430338"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="392" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology">Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="392" type="text/json">{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1446" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History">Medieval History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1446" type="text/json">{"id":1446,"name":"Medieval History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2371" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anglo-Saxon_Studies">Anglo-Saxon Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2371" type="text/json">{"id":2371,"name":"Anglo-Saxon Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anglo-Saxon_Studies?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2795" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Landscape_Archaeology">Landscape Archaeology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2795" type="text/json">{"id":2795,"name":"Landscape Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Landscape_Archaeology?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=4430338]'), work: {"id":4430338,"title":"Ten years gone: summarising a decade of research into the development of pre-historical land-use and settlement patterns in the parish of Puttenham, Surrey","created_at":"2013-09-07T08:51:56.962-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/4430338/Ten_years_gone_summarising_a_decade_of_research_into_the_development_of_pre_historical_land_use_and_settlement_patterns_in_the_parish_of_Puttenham_Surrey?f_ri=1446","dom_id":"work_4430338","summary":"A decade of studying the topography/archaeology/history/geography of the Surrey parish I grew up in has left me with a clutch of discoveries of local and supra-local significance, as well as a host of questions to be answered in the future by myself and any more capable researchers who might be interested in taking up the challenge. The paper (like the extended and extensive research process behind it) takes what is very much a long view to the subjects in hand. So far as the medieval period is concerned, it sets out the evidence that suggests the landscape was recast during a \"long twelfth century\" which saw Puttenham emerge as a manor, village and parish, but within a more complex and heterogenous local context. Further research should show the degree to which the situation within the parish matched or was at odds with that from other parishes within Surrey and beyond.\r\n\r\n***Follow link below to view paper***","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":31849464,"asset_id":4430338,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1175372,"first_name":"Robert","last_name":"Briggs","domain_name":"independentresearcher","page_name":"RobertBriggs","display_name":"Robert Briggs","profile_url":"https://independentresearcher.academia.edu/RobertBriggs?f_ri=1446","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1175372/417827/514069/s65_robert.briggs.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false},{"id":1446,"name":"Medieval History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false},{"id":2371,"name":"Anglo-Saxon Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anglo-Saxon_Studies?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false},{"id":2795,"name":"Landscape Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Landscape_Archaeology?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false},{"id":15327,"name":"Flint (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Flint_Archaeology_?f_ri=1446"},{"id":16670,"name":"Early Medieval And Medieval Settlement (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Medieval_And_Medieval_Settlement_Archaeology_?f_ri=1446"},{"id":26726,"name":"Bronze Age (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bronze_Age_Archaeology_?f_ri=1446"},{"id":42197,"name":"Iron Age","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iron_Age?f_ri=1446"},{"id":43197,"name":"Roman rural settlements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_rural_settlements?f_ri=1446"},{"id":79778,"name":"Domesday Book","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Domesday_Book?f_ri=1446"},{"id":97254,"name":"Medieval agriculture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_agriculture?f_ri=1446"},{"id":380481,"name":"Surrey","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Surrey?f_ri=1446"},{"id":634974,"name":"Roman Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Archaeology?f_ri=1446"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_2493735" data-work_id="2493735" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2493735/Subversive_Memory_in_the_Historical_School_at_Rheims">Subversive Memory in the Historical School at Rheims</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/2493735" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8046d70f345780c80e32eb182c155be9" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":30511734,"asset_id":2493735,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/30511734/download_file?st=MTczMjcxNjg5Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2605641" href="https://uiowa.academia.edu/MichaelEdwardMoore">Michael Edward Moore</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2605641" type="text/json">{"id":2605641,"first_name":"Michael Edward","last_name":"Moore","domain_name":"uiowa","page_name":"MichaelEdwardMoore","display_name":"Michael Edward Moore","profile_url":"https://uiowa.academia.edu/MichaelEdwardMoore?f_ri=1446","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2605641/822457/156917670/s65_michael_edward.moore.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_2493735 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden 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data-has-card-for-ri="1446" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History">Medieval History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1446" type="text/json">{"id":1446,"name":"Medieval History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3524" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historiography">Historiography</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3524" type="text/json">{"id":3524,"name":"Historiography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historiography?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7629" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Medieval_History">Early Medieval History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7629" type="text/json">{"id":7629,"name":"Early Medieval History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Medieval_History?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15215" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carolingian_Studies">Carolingian Studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="15215" type="text/json">{"id":15215,"name":"Carolingian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carolingian_Studies?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=2493735]'), work: {"id":2493735,"title":"Subversive Memory in the Historical School at Rheims","created_at":"2013-01-31T07:24:04.970-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/2493735/Subversive_Memory_in_the_Historical_School_at_Rheims?f_ri=1446","dom_id":"work_2493735","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":30511734,"asset_id":2493735,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2605641,"first_name":"Michael Edward","last_name":"Moore","domain_name":"uiowa","page_name":"MichaelEdwardMoore","display_name":"Michael Edward Moore","profile_url":"https://uiowa.academia.edu/MichaelEdwardMoore?f_ri=1446","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2605641/822457/156917670/s65_michael_edward.moore.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1446,"name":"Medieval History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false},{"id":3524,"name":"Historiography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historiography?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false},{"id":7629,"name":"Early Medieval History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Medieval_History?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false},{"id":15215,"name":"Carolingian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carolingian_Studies?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false},{"id":16969,"name":"History, Writing and Memory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_Writing_and_Memory?f_ri=1446"},{"id":379594,"name":"Hincmar of Reims","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hincmar_of_Reims?f_ri=1446"},{"id":693457,"name":"Flodoard of Reims","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Flodoard_of_Reims?f_ri=1446"},{"id":1354756,"name":"Reims","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reims?f_ri=1446"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_33163878" data-work_id="33163878" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/33163878/Cyprus_between_Late_Antiquity_and_the_Early_Middle_Ages_ca_600_800_An_Island_in_Transition">Cyprus between Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages (ca. 600–800). An Island in Transition.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Research on early medieval Cyprus has focused on the late antique " golden age " (late fourth/early fifth to seventh century) and the so-called Byzantine " Reconquista " (post-AD 965) while overlooking the intervening period. This phase... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_33163878" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Research on early medieval Cyprus has focused on the late antique " golden age " (late fourth/early fifth to seventh century) and the so-called Byzantine " Reconquista " (post-AD 965) while overlooking the intervening period. This phase was characterized, supposedly, by the division of the political sovereignty between the Umayyads and the Byzantines, bringing about the social and demographic dislocation of the population of the island. This book proposes a different story of continuities and slow transformations in the fate of Cyprus between the late sixth and the early ninth centuries. Analysis of new archaeological evidence shows signs of a continuing link to Constantinople. Moreover, together with a reassessment of the literary evidence, archaeology and material culture help us to reappraise the impact of Arab naval raids and contextualize the confrontational episodes throughout the ebb and flow of Eastern Mediterranean history: the political influence of the Caliphate looked stronger in the second half of the seventh century, the administrative and ecclesiastical influence of the Byzantine empire held sway from the beginning of the eighth to the twelfth century. Whereas the island retained sound commercial ties with the Umayyad Levant in the seventh and eighth centuries, at the same time politically and economically it remained part of the Byzantine sphere. This belies the idea of Cyprus as an independent province only loosely tied to Constantinople and allows us to draw a different picture of the cultural identities, political practices and hierarchy of wealth and power in Cyprus during the passage from Late Antiquity to the early Middle Ages.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/33163878" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b630d2d8129265a6bd2b75f987f3e15e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":53250756,"asset_id":33163878,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53250756/download_file?st=MTczMjcxNjg5Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="158961" href="https://bilkent.academia.edu/LucaZavagno">Luca Zavagno</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="158961" type="text/json">{"id":158961,"first_name":"Luca","last_name":"Zavagno","domain_name":"bilkent","page_name":"LucaZavagno","display_name":"Luca Zavagno","profile_url":"https://bilkent.academia.edu/LucaZavagno?f_ri=1446","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/158961/40899/16901076/s65_luca.zavagno.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_33163878 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="33163878"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 33163878, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_33163878", }); 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An Island in Transition.","created_at":"2017-05-23T12:28:41.246-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/33163878/Cyprus_between_Late_Antiquity_and_the_Early_Middle_Ages_ca_600_800_An_Island_in_Transition?f_ri=1446","dom_id":"work_33163878","summary":"Research on early medieval Cyprus has focused on the late antique \" golden age \" (late fourth/early fifth to seventh century) and the so-called Byzantine \" Reconquista \" (post-AD 965) while overlooking the intervening period. This phase was characterized, supposedly, by the division of the political sovereignty between the Umayyads and the Byzantines, bringing about the social and demographic dislocation of the population of the island. This book proposes a different story of continuities and slow transformations in the fate of Cyprus between the late sixth and the early ninth centuries. Analysis of new archaeological evidence shows signs of a continuing link to Constantinople. Moreover, together with a reassessment of the literary evidence, archaeology and material culture help us to reappraise the impact of Arab naval raids and contextualize the confrontational episodes throughout the ebb and flow of Eastern Mediterranean history: the political influence of the Caliphate looked stronger in the second half of the seventh century, the administrative and ecclesiastical influence of the Byzantine empire held sway from the beginning of the eighth to the twelfth century. Whereas the island retained sound commercial ties with the Umayyad Levant in the seventh and eighth centuries, at the same time politically and economically it remained part of the Byzantine sphere. This belies the idea of Cyprus as an independent province only loosely tied to Constantinople and allows us to draw a different picture of the cultural identities, political practices and hierarchy of wealth and power in Cyprus during the passage from Late Antiquity to the early Middle Ages.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":53250756,"asset_id":33163878,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":158961,"first_name":"Luca","last_name":"Zavagno","domain_name":"bilkent","page_name":"LucaZavagno","display_name":"Luca Zavagno","profile_url":"https://bilkent.academia.edu/LucaZavagno?f_ri=1446","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/158961/40899/16901076/s65_luca.zavagno.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":991,"name":"Late Antique and Byzantine Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Late_Antique_and_Byzantine_Studies?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false},{"id":1446,"name":"Medieval History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false},{"id":3789,"name":"Cypriot Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cypriot_Archaeology?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false},{"id":4054,"name":"Cyprus Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cyprus_Studies?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false},{"id":5041,"name":"Late Antique Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Late_Antique_Archaeology?f_ri=1446"},{"id":7172,"name":"Early Medieval Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Medieval_Archaeology?f_ri=1446"},{"id":7870,"name":"Medieval Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Archaeology?f_ri=1446"},{"id":10091,"name":"Byzantine Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Byzantine_Studies?f_ri=1446"},{"id":13890,"name":"Byzantine History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Byzantine_History?f_ri=1446"},{"id":26299,"name":"Early Islamic 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data-work_id="1306925" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1306925/The_depiction_of_Character_in_Psellos_Chronographia_Byzantios_studies_in_Byzantine_history_and_civilization_Brepols_Turnhout_2013_ISBN_9782503548418">The depiction of Character in Psellos’ Chronographia, [Byzantios: studies in Byzantine history and civilization], Brepols, Turnhout, 2013, ISBN: 9782503548418</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">"This publication presents the first study of the defining features of Psellos' Chronographia, written in the 11th century. Character is the single most important feature of the Chronographia written by Michael Psellos (1018-1081?). It... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_1306925" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">"This publication presents the first study of the defining features of Psellos' Chronographia, written in the 11th century. <br />Character is the single most important feature of the Chronographia written by Michael Psellos (1018-1081?). It is an historical account of the events at court from the time of Basil II (986-1025) to Michael VII Doukas (1071-1078) with the insight of someone whose career developed within the imperial court and his unsurpassed eye for details of personality was enlightened by his intellectual interests. During his lifetime, Psellos was considered the forefront of philosophical studies in the capital and therefore was named consul of philosophers (ὕπατος τῶν φιλοσόφων) in 1047 and he credited himself with reintroducing Plato on the cultural scene of Constantinople. It was his attractive manner of speech which led him to remain in the emperor’s presence and his rhetorical ability also plays an important role in the Chronographia, especially when he emphasizes or fabricates events to justify his understanding of a person’s mind. Many have employed Psellos’ Chronographia for its value in shedding light on historic events, itself important, though it often neglects the fact that Psellos’ historiography is not based on factual details to explain multiple causes for events, but seeks to attribute blame or merit to the personality of the ruling emperor."</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1306925" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="716adc646541fbcc5d90dce0d958f0d5" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":32713570,"asset_id":1306925,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32713570/download_file?st=MTczMjcxNjg5Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="282640" href="https://independent.academia.edu/FrederickLauritzen">Frederick Lauritzen</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="282640" type="text/json">{"id":282640,"first_name":"Frederick","last_name":"Lauritzen","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"FrederickLauritzen","display_name":"Frederick Lauritzen","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/FrederickLauritzen?f_ri=1446","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/282640/59643/60019929/s65_frederick.lauritzen.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1306925 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1306925"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1306925, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_1306925", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1306925]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_1306925").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_1306925").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="1306925"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="128" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History">History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="128" type="text/json">{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="803" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy">Philosophy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="803" type="text/json">{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="816" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classics">Classics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="816" type="text/json">{"id":816,"name":"Classics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classics?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="826" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greek_Literature">Greek Literature</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="826" type="text/json">{"id":826,"name":"Greek Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greek_Literature?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=1306925]'), work: {"id":1306925,"title":"The depiction of Character in Psellos’ Chronographia, [Byzantios: studies in Byzantine history and civilization], Brepols, Turnhout, 2013, ISBN: 9782503548418","created_at":"2012-01-28T21:16:22.364-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/1306925/The_depiction_of_Character_in_Psellos_Chronographia_Byzantios_studies_in_Byzantine_history_and_civilization_Brepols_Turnhout_2013_ISBN_9782503548418?f_ri=1446","dom_id":"work_1306925","summary":"\"This publication presents the first study of the defining features of Psellos' Chronographia, written in the 11th century.\r\nCharacter is the single most important feature of the Chronographia written by Michael Psellos (1018-1081?). It is an historical account of the events at court from the time of Basil II (986-1025) to Michael VII Doukas (1071-1078) with the insight of someone whose career developed within the imperial court and his unsurpassed eye for details of personality was enlightened by his intellectual interests. During his lifetime, Psellos was considered the forefront of philosophical studies in the capital and therefore was named consul of philosophers (ὕπατος τῶν φιλοσόφων) in 1047 and he credited himself with reintroducing Plato on the cultural scene of Constantinople. It was his attractive manner of speech which led him to remain in the emperor’s presence and his rhetorical ability also plays an important role in the Chronographia, especially when he emphasizes or fabricates events to justify his understanding of a person’s mind. Many have employed Psellos’ Chronographia for its value in shedding light on historic events, itself important, though it often neglects the fact that Psellos’ historiography is not based on factual details to explain multiple causes for events, but seeks to attribute blame or merit to the personality of the ruling emperor.\"","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":32713570,"asset_id":1306925,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":282640,"first_name":"Frederick","last_name":"Lauritzen","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"FrederickLauritzen","display_name":"Frederick Lauritzen","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/FrederickLauritzen?f_ri=1446","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/282640/59643/60019929/s65_frederick.lauritzen.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false},{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false},{"id":816,"name":"Classics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classics?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false},{"id":826,"name":"Greek Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greek_Literature?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false},{"id":953,"name":"Rhetoric","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rhetoric?f_ri=1446"},{"id":1446,"name":"Medieval History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History?f_ri=1446"},{"id":2418,"name":"Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Literature?f_ri=1446"},{"id":2853,"name":"Medieval Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Studies?f_ri=1446"},{"id":10091,"name":"Byzantine Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Byzantine_Studies?f_ri=1446"},{"id":11076,"name":"Late Antiquity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Late_Antiquity?f_ri=1446"},{"id":69684,"name":"Michael Psellos","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Michael_Psellos?f_ri=1446"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_38606479 coauthored" data-work_id="38606479" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/38606479/%D0%94%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%91%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B8_%D0%B1%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5_%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8_%D0%A5%D0%86%D0%86%D0%86_%D0%A5V_%D0%B2_%D1%82_%D0%86%D0%86_1407_1505_%D0%B3_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F_2018">Дубровнишки документи за историята на България и българските земи ХІІІ-ХV в. т. ІІ (1407-1505 г.). София 2018.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Том 2 на Дубровнишки документи за историята на България и българските земи обхваща 115 документи за периода 1407-1505 г. от Дубровнишкия архив, както и допълнителни 9 документа от други архиви, отнасящи се за отношенията на Дубровнишката... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_38606479" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Том 2 на Дубровнишки документи за историята на България и българските земи обхваща 115 документи за периода 1407-1505 г. от Дубровнишкия архив, както и допълнителни 9 документа от други архиви, отнасящи се за отношенията на Дубровнишката република, Османската империя и Балканите.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/38606479" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="163a19f445d830e218b36a951fd0fe7a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":58681951,"asset_id":38606479,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58681951/download_file?st=MTczMjcxNjg5Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3219424" href="https://uni-sofia.academia.edu/SimeonHinkovski">Simeon Hinkovski</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3219424" type="text/json">{"id":3219424,"first_name":"Simeon","last_name":"Hinkovski","domain_name":"uni-sofia","page_name":"SimeonHinkovski","display_name":"Simeon Hinkovski","profile_url":"https://uni-sofia.academia.edu/SimeonHinkovski?f_ri=1446","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3219424/1058889/15075047/s65_simeon.hinkovski.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-38606479">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-38606479"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://bas.academia.edu/ElenaKostova">Elena Kostova</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-38606479'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-38606479').html(); 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ІІ (1407-1505 г.). София 2018.","created_at":"2019-03-22T06:47:57.904-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/38606479/%D0%94%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%91%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B8_%D0%B1%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5_%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8_%D0%A5%D0%86%D0%86%D0%86_%D0%A5V_%D0%B2_%D1%82_%D0%86%D0%86_1407_1505_%D0%B3_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F_2018?f_ri=1446","dom_id":"work_38606479","summary":"Том 2 на Дубровнишки документи за историята на България и българските земи обхваща 115 документи за периода 1407-1505 г. от Дубровнишкия архив, както и допълнителни 9 документа от други архиви, отнасящи се за отношенията на Дубровнишката република, Османската империя и Балканите. 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La génesis del linaje de los Quesada, señores de Garcíez y Santo Tomé (Jaén). Siglos XIII-XIV. Medievalismo, 27, 2017, pp. 97-131</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/35412597" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2edc2a5a32b0b747b35c10d7dc8ee89d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":55273307,"asset_id":35412597,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/55273307/download_file?st=MTczMjcxNjg5Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="195585" href="https://us.academia.edu/MariaAntoniaCarmonaRuiz">Maria Antonia Carmona Ruiz</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="195585" type="text/json">{"id":195585,"first_name":"Maria Antonia","last_name":"Carmona Ruiz","domain_name":"us","page_name":"MariaAntoniaCarmonaRuiz","display_name":"Maria Antonia Carmona Ruiz","profile_url":"https://us.academia.edu/MariaAntoniaCarmonaRuiz?f_ri=1446","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/195585/90833/99374/s65_maria_antonia.carmona_ruiz.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_35412597 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="35412597"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 35412597, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_35412597", }); 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La génesis del linaje de los Quesada, señores de Garcíez y Santo Tomé (Jaén). Siglos XIII-XIV. Medievalismo, 27, 2017, pp. 97-131","created_at":"2017-12-12T11:28:29.375-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/35412597/En_torno_al_origen_de_los_se%C3%B1or%C3%ADos_del_reino_de_Ja%C3%A9n_La_g%C3%A9nesis_del_linaje_de_los_Quesada_se%C3%B1ores_de_Garc%C3%ADez_y_Santo_Tom%C3%A9_Ja%C3%A9n_Siglos_XIII_XIV_Medievalismo_27_2017_pp_97_131?f_ri=1446","dom_id":"work_35412597","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":55273307,"asset_id":35412597,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":195585,"first_name":"Maria Antonia","last_name":"Carmona Ruiz","domain_name":"us","page_name":"MariaAntoniaCarmonaRuiz","display_name":"Maria Antonia Carmona Ruiz","profile_url":"https://us.academia.edu/MariaAntoniaCarmonaRuiz?f_ri=1446","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/195585/90833/99374/s65_maria_antonia.carmona_ruiz.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1446,"name":"Medieval History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false},{"id":2853,"name":"Medieval Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Studies?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false},{"id":19501,"name":"Medieval Nobility","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Nobility?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false},{"id":38851,"name":"Medieval Spain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Spain?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_6169091" data-work_id="6169091" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/6169091/The_Iconography_of_the_Papil_Stone_A_New_Interpretation_for_the_Papil_Bird_Men">The Iconography of the Papil Stone: A New Interpretation for the Papil Bird-Men</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/6169091" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c06bfe424a2137bfa304efdb3790b882" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":58732178,"asset_id":6169091,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58732178/download_file?st=MTczMjcxNjg5Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2673363" href="https://glasgow.academia.edu/KellyKilpatrick">Kelly Kilpatrick</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2673363" type="text/json">{"id":2673363,"first_name":"Kelly","last_name":"Kilpatrick","domain_name":"glasgow","page_name":"KellyKilpatrick","display_name":"Kelly Kilpatrick","profile_url":"https://glasgow.academia.edu/KellyKilpatrick?f_ri=1446","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2673363/853330/20333779/s65_kelly.kilpatrick.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_6169091 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="6169091"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 6169091, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_6169091", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=6169091]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_6169091").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_6169091").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="6169091"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1446" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History">Medieval History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1446" type="text/json">{"id":1446,"name":"Medieval History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="17649" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Orkney_and_Shetland_studies">Orkney and Shetland studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="17649" type="text/json">{"id":17649,"name":"Orkney and Shetland studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Orkney_and_Shetland_studies?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="18823" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pictish_Art">Pictish Art</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="18823" type="text/json">{"id":18823,"name":"Pictish Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pictish_Art?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="256323" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Irish_medieval_art_and_architecture">Irish medieval art and architecture</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="256323" type="text/json">{"id":256323,"name":"Irish medieval art and architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Irish_medieval_art_and_architecture?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=6169091]'), work: {"id":6169091,"title":"The Iconography of the Papil Stone: A New Interpretation for the Papil Bird-Men","created_at":"2014-02-22T03:29:38.831-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/6169091/The_Iconography_of_the_Papil_Stone_A_New_Interpretation_for_the_Papil_Bird_Men?f_ri=1446","dom_id":"work_6169091","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":58732178,"asset_id":6169091,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2673363,"first_name":"Kelly","last_name":"Kilpatrick","domain_name":"glasgow","page_name":"KellyKilpatrick","display_name":"Kelly Kilpatrick","profile_url":"https://glasgow.academia.edu/KellyKilpatrick?f_ri=1446","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2673363/853330/20333779/s65_kelly.kilpatrick.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1446,"name":"Medieval History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false},{"id":17649,"name":"Orkney and Shetland studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Orkney_and_Shetland_studies?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false},{"id":18823,"name":"Pictish Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pictish_Art?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false},{"id":256323,"name":"Irish medieval art and architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Irish_medieval_art_and_architecture?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false},{"id":297848,"name":"Pictish History and Scottish Early Medieval History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pictish_History_and_Scottish_Early_Medieval_History?f_ri=1446"},{"id":1011511,"name":"Irish and Celtic Mythology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Irish_and_Celtic_Mythology?f_ri=1446"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_43897830" data-work_id="43897830" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/43897830/Sinking_Pisa_The_Decline_of_a_Commercial_Empire_in_the_Thirteenth_Century">Sinking Pisa: The Decline of a Commercial Empire in the Thirteenth Century</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">At the beginning of the thirteenth century the commercial commune of Pisa was one of the two most powerful maritime forces in the Mediterranean, alongside Venice and ahead of Genoa. By the end of the century, however, the city had... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_43897830" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">At the beginning of the thirteenth century the commercial commune of Pisa was one of the two most powerful maritime forces in the Mediterranean, alongside Venice and ahead of Genoa. By the end of the century, however, the city had declined to a position of solely regional political and economic importance. This dissertation delves into the reasons behind Pisa’s decline during the very period when Italy’s three most famous commercial economies of Venice, Genoa, and Florence were experiencing their greatest growth. This study primarily utilizes traditional historiographic approaches for examining Pisa during the long thirteenth century, but also incorporates the interdisciplinary use of statistical and social network analyses to uncover facets of the socio-economic landscape during the final decades of the century.<br /><br />The strength of the present work lies in the chronological breadth of its study, encompassing just over a century of Pisan history. Unlike previous scholarship which has focused more narrowly on a few decades, a broader period of study permits the uncovering of communal behavioral trends and patterns in decision making. The causes of thirteenth-century decline can generally be divided into four categories: imperial allegiance at all costs, ignoring structural changes in the global economy, unquenchable Sardinian aspirations, and the consequences of the traumatic naval defeat at Meloria in 1284. Since at least 1081 Pisa had traded its allegiance for imperial commercial concessions, often to the consternation of the city’s mostly papally-aligned neighbors. During the thirteenth century, as imperial power in Italy waned and factional conflict intensified, Pisa adherence to the imperial strategy repeatedly brought them into military conflict with the rest of Tuscany, ultimately isolating Pisa politically on the mainland. Pisa had built its economic-political prominence primarily through the spice trade with the East and the success of its leather industries at home. Political events and changing consumer preferences conspired to move the primary trade routes northward and westward while market demand for spices was eclipsed by demand for woolen textiles; while Pisa was slow to respond to these changes, the city’s chief competitors adapted quickly and reaped the bulk of the benefits, largely excluding Pisa from later entry. <br /><br />In Sardinia, what had begun as a twelfth-century argument with Genoa over episcopal supremacy evolved into a land grab by Pisa’s most powerful families. As these families wielded significant political power, their personal ambitions bent communal policies to their own interests, repeatedly bringing the commune into violent competition with Genoa. One such encounter was the Battle of Meloria in 1284 which resulted in the death or capture of over 10,000 Pisan men, possibly 25% of the city’s population. This demographic tragedy, combined with the counterproductive policies of a series of strongmen and oligarchies, sent the city spiraling into a protracted economic depression. This depression, discovered for the first time by the statistical and social network analyses of the present study, crippled the already declining economic and political importance of the city, permanently removing any hope of the municipality achieving anything beyond regional importance.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/43897830" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="057eb52e876668fdc800459b850d1d81" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":64221105,"asset_id":43897830,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64221105/download_file?st=MTczMjcxNjg5Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1274919" href="https://independentscholar.academia.edu/MatthewParker">Matthew E Parker</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1274919" type="text/json">{"id":1274919,"first_name":"Matthew","last_name":"Parker","domain_name":"independentscholar","page_name":"MatthewParker","display_name":"Matthew E Parker","profile_url":"https://independentscholar.academia.edu/MatthewParker?f_ri=1446","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1274919/468091/20130618/s65_matthew.parker.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_43897830 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="43897830"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 43897830, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_43897830", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=43897830]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_43897830").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_43897830").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="43897830"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="137" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_History">Economic History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="137" type="text/json">{"id":137,"name":"Economic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_History?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1446" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History">Medieval History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1446" type="text/json">{"id":1446,"name":"Medieval History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="13739" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Network_Analysis_SNA_">Social Network Analysis (SNA)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="13739" type="text/json">{"id":13739,"name":"Social Network Analysis (SNA)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Network_Analysis_SNA_?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="45213" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Italy">Italy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="45213" type="text/json">{"id":45213,"name":"Italy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Italy?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=43897830]'), work: {"id":43897830,"title":"Sinking Pisa: The Decline of a Commercial Empire in the Thirteenth Century","created_at":"2020-08-19T06:58:52.755-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/43897830/Sinking_Pisa_The_Decline_of_a_Commercial_Empire_in_the_Thirteenth_Century?f_ri=1446","dom_id":"work_43897830","summary":"At the beginning of the thirteenth century the commercial commune of Pisa was one of the two most powerful maritime forces in the Mediterranean, alongside Venice and ahead of Genoa. By the end of the century, however, the city had declined to a position of solely regional political and economic importance. This dissertation delves into the reasons behind Pisa’s decline during the very period when Italy’s three most famous commercial economies of Venice, Genoa, and Florence were experiencing their greatest growth. This study primarily utilizes traditional historiographic approaches for examining Pisa during the long thirteenth century, but also incorporates the interdisciplinary use of statistical and social network analyses to uncover facets of the socio-economic landscape during the final decades of the century.\n\nThe strength of the present work lies in the chronological breadth of its study, encompassing just over a century of Pisan history. Unlike previous scholarship which has focused more narrowly on a few decades, a broader period of study permits the uncovering of communal behavioral trends and patterns in decision making. The causes of thirteenth-century decline can generally be divided into four categories: imperial allegiance at all costs, ignoring structural changes in the global economy, unquenchable Sardinian aspirations, and the consequences of the traumatic naval defeat at Meloria in 1284. Since at least 1081 Pisa had traded its allegiance for imperial commercial concessions, often to the consternation of the city’s mostly papally-aligned neighbors. During the thirteenth century, as imperial power in Italy waned and factional conflict intensified, Pisa adherence to the imperial strategy repeatedly brought them into military conflict with the rest of Tuscany, ultimately isolating Pisa politically on the mainland. Pisa had built its economic-political prominence primarily through the spice trade with the East and the success of its leather industries at home. Political events and changing consumer preferences conspired to move the primary trade routes northward and westward while market demand for spices was eclipsed by demand for woolen textiles; while Pisa was slow to respond to these changes, the city’s chief competitors adapted quickly and reaped the bulk of the benefits, largely excluding Pisa from later entry. \n\nIn Sardinia, what had begun as a twelfth-century argument with Genoa over episcopal supremacy evolved into a land grab by Pisa’s most powerful families. As these families wielded significant political power, their personal ambitions bent communal policies to their own interests, repeatedly bringing the commune into violent competition with Genoa. One such encounter was the Battle of Meloria in 1284 which resulted in the death or capture of over 10,000 Pisan men, possibly 25% of the city’s population. This demographic tragedy, combined with the counterproductive policies of a series of strongmen and oligarchies, sent the city spiraling into a protracted economic depression. This depression, discovered for the first time by the statistical and social network analyses of the present study, crippled the already declining economic and political importance of the city, permanently removing any hope of the municipality achieving anything beyond regional importance.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":64221105,"asset_id":43897830,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1274919,"first_name":"Matthew","last_name":"Parker","domain_name":"independentscholar","page_name":"MatthewParker","display_name":"Matthew E Parker","profile_url":"https://independentscholar.academia.edu/MatthewParker?f_ri=1446","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1274919/468091/20130618/s65_matthew.parker.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":137,"name":"Economic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_History?f_ri=1446","nofollow":false},{"id":1446,"name":"Medieval 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