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overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; -webkit-line-clamp: 3; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; }</style><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><div class="u-floatLeft"><h1 class="PageHeader-title u-m0x u-fs30">Microbial Sensitivity Tests</h1><div class="u-tcGrayDark">2,846 Followers</div><div class="u-tcGrayDark u-mt2x">Recent papers in <b>Microbial Sensitivity Tests</b></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="TabbedNavigation"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><ul class="nav u-m0x u-p0x list-inline u-displayFlex"><li class="active"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbial_Sensitivity_Tests">Top Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbial_Sensitivity_Tests/MostCited">Most Cited Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbial_Sensitivity_Tests/MostDownloaded">Most Downloaded Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbial_Sensitivity_Tests/MostRecent">Newest Papers</a></li><li><a class="" href="https://www.academia.edu/People/Microbial_Sensitivity_Tests">People</a></li></ul></div><style type="text/css">ul.nav{flex-direction:row}@media(max-width: 567px){ul.nav{flex-direction:column}.TabbedNavigation li{max-width:100%}.TabbedNavigation li.active{background-color:var(--background-grey, #dddde2)}.TabbedNavigation li.active:before,.TabbedNavigation li.active:after{display:none}}</style></div></div></div><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12"><div class="u-displayFlex"><div class="u-flexGrow1"><div class="works"><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_30512001" data-work_id="30512001" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/30512001/Comparison_of_Compositions_and_Antimicrobial_Activities_of_Essential_Oils_from_Chemically_Stimulated_Agarwood_Wild_Agarwood_and_Healthy_Aquilaria_sinensis_Lour_Gilg_Trees">Comparison of Compositions and Antimicrobial Activities of Essential Oils from Chemically Stimulated Agarwood, Wild Agarwood and Healthy Aquilaria sinensis (Lour.) 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=30512001]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_30512001").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_30512001").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="30512001"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="531" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organic_Chemistry">Organic Chemistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="531" type="text/json">{"id":531,"name":"Organic Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organic_Chemistry?f_ri=561014","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="30411" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thymelaeaceae">Thymelaeaceae</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="30411" type="text/json">{"id":30411,"name":"Thymelaeaceae","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thymelaeaceae?f_ri=561014","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="67648" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/GC-MS">GC-MS</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="67648" type="text/json">{"id":67648,"name":"GC-MS","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/GC-MS?f_ri=561014","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="113903" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bacteria">Bacteria</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="113903" type="text/json">{"id":113903,"name":"Bacteria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bacteria?f_ri=561014","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=30512001]'), work: {"id":30512001,"title":"Comparison of Compositions and Antimicrobial Activities of Essential Oils from Chemically Stimulated Agarwood, Wild Agarwood and Healthy Aquilaria sinensis (Lour.) Gilg Trees","created_at":"2016-12-18T21:48:50.303-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/30512001/Comparison_of_Compositions_and_Antimicrobial_Activities_of_Essential_Oils_from_Chemically_Stimulated_Agarwood_Wild_Agarwood_and_Healthy_Aquilaria_sinensis_Lour_Gilg_Trees?f_ri=561014","dom_id":"work_30512001","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50959105,"asset_id":30512001,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":58166483,"first_name":"Huanchun","last_name":"Chen","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"HuanchunChen","display_name":"Huanchun Chen","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/HuanchunChen?f_ri=561014","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":531,"name":"Organic Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organic_Chemistry?f_ri=561014","nofollow":false},{"id":30411,"name":"Thymelaeaceae","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thymelaeaceae?f_ri=561014","nofollow":false},{"id":67648,"name":"GC-MS","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/GC-MS?f_ri=561014","nofollow":false},{"id":113903,"name":"Bacteria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bacteria?f_ri=561014","nofollow":false},{"id":328449,"name":"Molecules","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecules?f_ri=561014"},{"id":561014,"name":"Microbial Sensitivity Tests","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbial_Sensitivity_Tests?f_ri=561014"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_69836173" data-work_id="69836173" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/69836173/Synthesis_and_Antitubercular_Activity_Evaluation_of_Novel_Unsymmetrical_Cyclohexane_1_2_diamine_Derivatives">Synthesis and Antitubercular Activity Evaluation of Novel Unsymmetrical Cyclohexane-1,2-diamine Derivatives</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/69836173" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="98c1bc6208a8bfd0c5849e723d033eb5" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":79781422,"asset_id":69836173,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/79781422/download_file?st=MTczMjUyNzMxMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="200165581" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RamandeepSingh337">Ramandeep Singh</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="200165581" type="text/json">{"id":200165581,"first_name":"Ramandeep","last_name":"Singh","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RamandeepSingh337","display_name":"Ramandeep Singh","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RamandeepSingh337?f_ri=561014","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_69836173 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="69836173"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 69836173, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_69836173", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_69836173 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 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$(".js-view-count-work_69836173").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="69836173"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="523" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry">Chemistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="523" type="text/json">{"id":523,"name":"Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry?f_ri=561014","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26327" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine">Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="26327" type="text/json">{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=561014","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="55241" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Synthetic_Organic_Chemistry">Synthetic Organic Chemistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="55241" type="text/json">{"id":55241,"name":"Synthetic Organic Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Synthetic_Organic_Chemistry?f_ri=561014","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="64568" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humans">Humans</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="64568" type="text/json">{"id":64568,"name":"Humans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humans?f_ri=561014","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=69836173]'), work: {"id":69836173,"title":"Synthesis and Antitubercular Activity Evaluation of Novel Unsymmetrical Cyclohexane-1,2-diamine Derivatives","created_at":"2022-01-28T17:44:48.202-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/69836173/Synthesis_and_Antitubercular_Activity_Evaluation_of_Novel_Unsymmetrical_Cyclohexane_1_2_diamine_Derivatives?f_ri=561014","dom_id":"work_69836173","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":79781422,"asset_id":69836173,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":200165581,"first_name":"Ramandeep","last_name":"Singh","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RamandeepSingh337","display_name":"Ramandeep Singh","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RamandeepSingh337?f_ri=561014","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":523,"name":"Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry?f_ri=561014","nofollow":false},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=561014","nofollow":false},{"id":55241,"name":"Synthetic Organic Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Synthetic_Organic_Chemistry?f_ri=561014","nofollow":false},{"id":64568,"name":"Humans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humans?f_ri=561014","nofollow":false},{"id":68318,"name":"Mycobacterium tuberculosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mycobacterium_tuberculosis?f_ri=561014"},{"id":561014,"name":"Microbial Sensitivity Tests","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbial_Sensitivity_Tests?f_ri=561014"},{"id":666927,"name":"Toxicity Tests","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Toxicity_Tests?f_ri=561014"},{"id":967839,"name":"Structure activity Relationship","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Structure_activity_Relationship?f_ri=561014"},{"id":1900203,"name":"Hemolysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hemolysis?f_ri=561014"},{"id":3789884,"name":"Pharmacology and pharmaceutical sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacology_and_pharmaceutical_sciences?f_ri=561014"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_68670440 coauthored" data-work_id="68670440" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/68670440/In_Vitro_Evaluation_of_the_Remineralizing_Potential_and_Antimicrobial_Activity_of_a_Cariostatic_Agent_with_Silver_Nanoparticles">In Vitro Evaluation of the Remineralizing Potential and Antimicrobial Activity of a Cariostatic Agent with Silver Nanoparticles</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Cariostatic treatment has been shown to successfully arrest caries. However, it blackens the carious tooth structure. This study evaluated the effects of an experimental cariostatic agent with silver nanoparticles (Ag-Nano) using... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_68670440" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Cariostatic treatment has been shown to successfully arrest caries. However, it blackens the carious tooth structure. This study evaluated the effects of an experimental cariostatic agent with silver nanoparticles (Ag-Nano) using microhardness (MH) and microbiological tests. The cariostatic agents tested were: Saforide®, Cariestop®, Ancarie® and Ag-Nano. Sixty-six samples from deciduous enamel were submitted to initial (after pH cycling to obtain initial caries-like lesion) and final (after cariostatic application) MH testing and %MH values were calculated. After longitudinal sectioning, internal (I) MH was evaluated. Strains of Streptococcus mutans, Escherichia coli, and Enterococcus faecalis in brain-heart infusion culture were treated with the cariostatic agents. Agar diffusion tests (ADTs) were performed and minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined. The statistical tests used were: Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn (%MD; ADT; MIC) and ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test (I-MH) (p&lt;0...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/68670440" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5ecf83df6487047d1059d2b9a423de52" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":79070660,"asset_id":68670440,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/79070660/download_file?st=MTczMjUyNzMxMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="207322910" href="https://independent.academia.edu/Mar%C3%ADliaFrancoPunhagui">Marília Franco Punhagui</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="207322910" type="text/json">{"id":207322910,"first_name":"Marília","last_name":"Franco Punhagui","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MaríliaFrancoPunhagui","display_name":"Marília Franco Punhagui","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/Mar%C3%ADliaFrancoPunhagui?f_ri=561014","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/207322910/67554490/55922923/s65_mar_lia.franco_punhagui.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-68670440">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-68670440"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/RicardoGuiraldo">Ricardo Guiraldo</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-68670440'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-68670440').html(); 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container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_68670440 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="68670440"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 68670440; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=68670440]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_68670440").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_68670440").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="68670440"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="596" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dentistry">Dentistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="596" type="text/json">{"id":596,"name":"Dentistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dentistry?f_ri=561014","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="35056" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metal_Nanoparticles">Metal Nanoparticles</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="35056" type="text/json">{"id":35056,"name":"Metal Nanoparticles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metal_Nanoparticles?f_ri=561014","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="64568" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humans">Humans</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="64568" type="text/json">{"id":64568,"name":"Humans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humans?f_ri=561014","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="80694" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Silver">Silver</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="80694" type="text/json">{"id":80694,"name":"Silver","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Silver?f_ri=561014","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=68670440]'), work: {"id":68670440,"title":"In Vitro Evaluation of the Remineralizing Potential and Antimicrobial Activity of a Cariostatic Agent with Silver Nanoparticles","created_at":"2022-01-19T02:59:47.926-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/68670440/In_Vitro_Evaluation_of_the_Remineralizing_Potential_and_Antimicrobial_Activity_of_a_Cariostatic_Agent_with_Silver_Nanoparticles?f_ri=561014","dom_id":"work_68670440","summary":"Cariostatic treatment has been shown to successfully arrest caries. However, it blackens the carious tooth structure. This study evaluated the effects of an experimental cariostatic agent with silver nanoparticles (Ag-Nano) using microhardness (MH) and microbiological tests. The cariostatic agents tested were: Saforide®, Cariestop®, Ancarie® and Ag-Nano. Sixty-six samples from deciduous enamel were submitted to initial (after pH cycling to obtain initial caries-like lesion) and final (after cariostatic application) MH testing and %MH values were calculated. After longitudinal sectioning, internal (I) MH was evaluated. Strains of Streptococcus mutans, Escherichia coli, and Enterococcus faecalis in brain-heart infusion culture were treated with the cariostatic agents. Agar diffusion tests (ADTs) were performed and minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined. The statistical tests used were: Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn (%MD; ADT; MIC) and ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test (I-MH) (p\u0026lt;0...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":79070660,"asset_id":68670440,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":207322910,"first_name":"Marília","last_name":"Franco Punhagui","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MaríliaFrancoPunhagui","display_name":"Marília Franco Punhagui","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/Mar%C3%ADliaFrancoPunhagui?f_ri=561014","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/207322910/67554490/55922923/s65_mar_lia.franco_punhagui.png"},{"id":214285923,"first_name":"Ricardo","last_name":"Guiraldo","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RicardoGuiraldo","display_name":"Ricardo Guiraldo","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RicardoGuiraldo?f_ri=561014","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":596,"name":"Dentistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dentistry?f_ri=561014","nofollow":false},{"id":35056,"name":"Metal Nanoparticles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metal_Nanoparticles?f_ri=561014","nofollow":false},{"id":64568,"name":"Humans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humans?f_ri=561014","nofollow":false},{"id":80694,"name":"Silver","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Silver?f_ri=561014","nofollow":false},{"id":469096,"name":"Cariostatic Agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cariostatic_Agents?f_ri=561014"},{"id":561014,"name":"Microbial Sensitivity Tests","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbial_Sensitivity_Tests?f_ri=561014"},{"id":3881526,"name":"In Vitro Techniques","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/In_Vitro_Techniques?f_ri=561014"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_67545727" data-work_id="67545727" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/67545727/Susceptibility_testing_of_Cryptococcus_neoformans_a_microdilution_technique">Susceptibility testing of Cryptococcus neoformans: a microdilution technique</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">We studied a series of test conditions in a microtiter system to define the optimal method for determining the susceptibility of Cryptococcus neoformans to antifungal agents. Twenty-one isolates of C. neoformans were grown for 24 or 48 h... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_67545727" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">We studied a series of test conditions in a microtiter system to define the optimal method for determining the susceptibility of Cryptococcus neoformans to antifungal agents. Twenty-one isolates of C. neoformans were grown for 24 or 48 h in four chemically defined media: yeast nitrogen base (BYNB 7); RPMI 1640; synthetic amino acid medium--fungal (SAAMF), buffered at pH 7.0 to select the medium that best supported growth of this fastidious yeast; and yeast nitrogen base, pH 5.4 (YNB 5.4). Maximum growth of C. neoformans, at 35 degrees C, was obtained in YNB 5.4, with the next highest growth levels in BYNB 7, SAAMF, and RPMI. Growth at 24 h was uniformly poor in all media and lacked reproducibility. In contrast, incubation for 48 h gave adequate growth with low standard deviations, and 48 h was selected as the optimal incubation period for this study. Comparison of the relationship between growth kinetics and initial inoculum size for eight cryptococcal isolates showed that 10(4) cel...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/67545727" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="acc823eaad4ba64dba8977cc29126aab" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":78321793,"asset_id":67545727,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/78321793/download_file?st=MTczMjUyNzMxMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="172633561" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AshrafIbrahim57">Ashraf Ibrahim</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="172633561" type="text/json">{"id":172633561,"first_name":"Ashraf","last_name":"Ibrahim","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AshrafIbrahim57","display_name":"Ashraf Ibrahim","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AshrafIbrahim57?f_ri=561014","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_67545727 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="67545727"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 67545727, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_67545727", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=67545727]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_67545727").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_67545727").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="67545727"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7710" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology">Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7710" type="text/json">{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=561014","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26327" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine">Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="26327" type="text/json">{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=561014","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="43666" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Microbiology">Clinical Microbiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="43666" type="text/json">{"id":43666,"name":"Clinical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Microbiology?f_ri=561014","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47884" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences">Biological Sciences</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="47884" type="text/json">{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=561014","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=67545727]'), work: {"id":67545727,"title":"Susceptibility testing of Cryptococcus neoformans: a microdilution technique","created_at":"2022-01-07T10:14:44.208-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/67545727/Susceptibility_testing_of_Cryptococcus_neoformans_a_microdilution_technique?f_ri=561014","dom_id":"work_67545727","summary":"We studied a series of test conditions in a microtiter system to define the optimal method for determining the susceptibility of Cryptococcus neoformans to antifungal agents. Twenty-one isolates of C. neoformans were grown for 24 or 48 h in four chemically defined media: yeast nitrogen base (BYNB 7); RPMI 1640; synthetic amino acid medium--fungal (SAAMF), buffered at pH 7.0 to select the medium that best supported growth of this fastidious yeast; and yeast nitrogen base, pH 5.4 (YNB 5.4). Maximum growth of C. neoformans, at 35 degrees C, was obtained in YNB 5.4, with the next highest growth levels in BYNB 7, SAAMF, and RPMI. Growth at 24 h was uniformly poor in all media and lacked reproducibility. In contrast, incubation for 48 h gave adequate growth with low standard deviations, and 48 h was selected as the optimal incubation period for this study. Comparison of the relationship between growth kinetics and initial inoculum size for eight cryptococcal isolates showed that 10(4) cel...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":78321793,"asset_id":67545727,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":172633561,"first_name":"Ashraf","last_name":"Ibrahim","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AshrafIbrahim57","display_name":"Ashraf Ibrahim","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AshrafIbrahim57?f_ri=561014","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=561014","nofollow":false},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=561014","nofollow":false},{"id":43666,"name":"Clinical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Microbiology?f_ri=561014","nofollow":false},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=561014","nofollow":false},{"id":64568,"name":"Humans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humans?f_ri=561014"},{"id":95046,"name":"Cryptococcus Neoformans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cryptococcus_Neoformans?f_ri=561014"},{"id":99708,"name":"Clinical","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical?f_ri=561014"},{"id":552209,"name":"Antifungal Agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antifungal_Agents?f_ri=561014"},{"id":561014,"name":"Microbial Sensitivity Tests","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbial_Sensitivity_Tests?f_ri=561014"},{"id":957359,"name":"Culture Media","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Culture_Media?f_ri=561014"},{"id":1395667,"name":"Cryptococcosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cryptococcosis?f_ri=561014"},{"id":2637271,"name":"Reference standards","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reference_standards?f_ri=561014"},{"id":3763225,"name":"Medical and Health Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_and_Health_Sciences?f_ri=561014"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_62788039" data-work_id="62788039" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/62788039/Screening_of_medicinal_plants_from_Reunion_Island_for_antimalarial_and_cytotoxic_activity">Screening of medicinal plants from Reunion Island for antimalarial and cytotoxic activity</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a 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Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4083" type="text/json">{"id":4083,"name":"Complementary and Alternative Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Complementary_and_Alternative_Medicine?f_ri=561014","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5541" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Biology">Plant Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5541" type="text/json">{"id":5541,"name":"Plant Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Biology?f_ri=561014","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7823" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaria">Malaria</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7823" type="text/json">{"id":7823,"name":"Malaria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaria?f_ri=561014","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14032" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnopharmacology">Ethnopharmacology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="14032" type="text/json">{"id":14032,"name":"Ethnopharmacology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnopharmacology?f_ri=561014","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=62788039]'), work: {"id":62788039,"title":"Screening of medicinal plants from Reunion Island for antimalarial and cytotoxic 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berghei","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plasmodium_berghei?f_ri=561014"},{"id":2533047,"name":"fibroblasts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/fibroblasts?f_ri=561014"},{"id":3789884,"name":"Pharmacology and pharmaceutical sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacology_and_pharmaceutical_sciences?f_ri=561014"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_58063075" data-work_id="58063075" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/58063075/Pre_clinical_pharmacokinetics_and_anti_chlamydial_activity_of_salicylidene_acylhydrazide_inhibitors_of_bacterial_type_III_secretion">Pre-clinical pharmacokinetics and anti-chlamydial activity of salicylidene acylhydrazide 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Rehman","profile_url":"https://qau.academia.edu/TofeeqUrRehman?f_ri=561014","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/160423830/145676184/135210980/s65_tofeeq.ur_rehman.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_58063075 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="58063075"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 58063075, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_58063075", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_58063075 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 58063075; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = 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href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_Chemistry">Medicinal Chemistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2375" type="text/json">{"id":2375,"name":"Medicinal Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_Chemistry?f_ri=561014","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7076" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Taxonomy">Taxonomy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="7076" type="text/json">{"id":7076,"name":"Taxonomy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Taxonomy?f_ri=561014","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=58063075]'), work: {"id":58063075,"title":"Pre-clinical pharmacokinetics and anti-chlamydial activity of salicylidene acylhydrazide inhibitors of bacterial type III 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Rehman","profile_url":"https://qau.academia.edu/TofeeqUrRehman?f_ri=561014","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/160423830/145676184/135210980/s65_tofeeq.ur_rehman.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":156,"name":"Genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetics?f_ri=561014","nofollow":false},{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=561014","nofollow":false},{"id":2375,"name":"Medicinal Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_Chemistry?f_ri=561014","nofollow":false},{"id":7076,"name":"Taxonomy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Taxonomy?f_ri=561014","nofollow":false},{"id":34106,"name":"Chlamydia trachomatis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chlamydia_trachomatis?f_ri=561014"},{"id":41745,"name":"Pharmaceutics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutics?f_ri=561014"},{"id":43363,"name":"Screening","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Screening?f_ri=561014"},{"id":43659,"name":"Pharmaceutical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Microbiology?f_ri=561014"},{"id":64568,"name":"Humans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humans?f_ri=561014"},{"id":84760,"name":"Mice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mice?f_ri=561014"},{"id":96098,"name":"Resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Resistance?f_ri=561014"},{"id":98925,"name":"Female","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Female?f_ri=561014"},{"id":99234,"name":"Animals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animals?f_ri=561014"},{"id":114715,"name":"Stereochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stereochemistry?f_ri=561014"},{"id":422325,"name":"HeLa cells","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/HeLa_cells?f_ri=561014"},{"id":561014,"name":"Microbial Sensitivity Tests","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbial_Sensitivity_Tests?f_ri=561014"},{"id":1157148,"name":"Cell Survival","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_Survival?f_ri=561014"},{"id":1309706,"name":"Area Under Curve","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Area_Under_Curve?f_ri=561014"},{"id":2562545,"name":"Glycopeptides","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Glycopeptides?f_ri=561014"},{"id":3789884,"name":"Pharmacology and pharmaceutical sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacology_and_pharmaceutical_sciences?f_ri=561014"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_49739095" data-work_id="49739095" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/49739095/Etiological_diversity_of_diarrhoeal_disease_in_Bangladesh">Etiological diversity of diarrhoeal disease in Bangladesh</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Background: This study compared the diversity of common diarrhoeal pathogens and antimicrobial susceptibility in four hospitals in Bangladesh. Methodology: A total of 13,959 diarrhoea patients, comprising rural Mirzapur [2,820), rural... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_49739095" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Background: This study compared the diversity of common diarrhoeal pathogens and antimicrobial susceptibility in four hospitals in Bangladesh. Methodology: A total of 13,959 diarrhoea patients, comprising rural Mirzapur [2,820), rural Matlab (2,865), urban Dhaka (5,287) and urban Mirpur (2,987) were included under the diarrhoeal disease surveillance system of icddr,b during 2010-2011; stool specimens were tested for Shigella spp., Vibrio cholerae, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli and rotavirus. Results: Rotavirus was highest in Mirzapur (28%) followed by Dhaka (24%), Matlab (19%) and Mirpur (18%). Overall, Shigella was significantly more prevalent in rural sites (Mirzapur 13% and Matlab 7%), than in urban sites (Dhaka 3% and Mirpur 3%). Vibrio cholerae was more common in the urban sites of Dhaka (14%) and Mirpur (12%). 72% of Shigella isolates were susceptible to ciprofloxacin in Mirzapur, and 88% to mecillinam. In Dhaka, the figures for Shigella were 65% and 50%, in Matlab 65% and ...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/49739095" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f61e8efbb20d7d7c8efe7ef6032b1cce" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":67995333,"asset_id":49739095,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67995333/download_file?st=MTczMjUyNzMxMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="186442754" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MustafizurRahman264">Mustafizur Rahman</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="186442754" type="text/json">{"id":186442754,"first_name":"Mustafizur","last_name":"Rahman","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MustafizurRahman264","display_name":"Mustafizur Rahman","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MustafizurRahman264?f_ri=561014","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/186442754/78552210/67105114/s65_mustafizur.rahman.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_49739095 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="49739095"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 49739095, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_49739095", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=49739095]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_49739095").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_49739095").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="49739095"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9815" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Developing_Countries">Developing Countries</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9815" type="text/json">{"id":9815,"name":"Developing Countries","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Developing_Countries?f_ri=561014","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="18895" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="18895" type="text/json">{"id":18895,"name":"Bangladesh","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bangladesh?f_ri=561014","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="37772" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hospitals">Hospitals</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="37772" type="text/json">{"id":37772,"name":"Hospitals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hospitals?f_ri=561014","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="44259" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diarrhea">Diarrhea</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="44259" type="text/json">{"id":44259,"name":"Diarrhea","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diarrhea?f_ri=561014","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=49739095]'), work: {"id":49739095,"title":"Etiological diversity of diarrhoeal disease in Bangladesh","created_at":"2021-07-11T06:16:18.795-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/49739095/Etiological_diversity_of_diarrhoeal_disease_in_Bangladesh?f_ri=561014","dom_id":"work_49739095","summary":"Background: This study compared the diversity of common diarrhoeal pathogens and antimicrobial susceptibility in four hospitals in Bangladesh. Methodology: A total of 13,959 diarrhoea patients, comprising rural Mirzapur [2,820), rural Matlab (2,865), urban Dhaka (5,287) and urban Mirpur (2,987) were included under the diarrhoeal disease surveillance system of icddr,b during 2010-2011; stool specimens were tested for Shigella spp., Vibrio cholerae, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli and rotavirus. Results: Rotavirus was highest in Mirzapur (28%) followed by Dhaka (24%), Matlab (19%) and Mirpur (18%). Overall, Shigella was significantly more prevalent in rural sites (Mirzapur 13% and Matlab 7%), than in urban sites (Dhaka 3% and Mirpur 3%). Vibrio cholerae was more common in the urban sites of Dhaka (14%) and Mirpur (12%). 72% of Shigella isolates were susceptible to ciprofloxacin in Mirzapur, and 88% to mecillinam. In Dhaka, the figures for Shigella were 65% and 50%, in Matlab 65% and ...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":67995333,"asset_id":49739095,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":186442754,"first_name":"Mustafizur","last_name":"Rahman","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MustafizurRahman264","display_name":"Mustafizur Rahman","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MustafizurRahman264?f_ri=561014","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/186442754/78552210/67105114/s65_mustafizur.rahman.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":9815,"name":"Developing Countries","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Developing_Countries?f_ri=561014","nofollow":false},{"id":18895,"name":"Bangladesh","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bangladesh?f_ri=561014","nofollow":false},{"id":37772,"name":"Hospitals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hospitals?f_ri=561014","nofollow":false},{"id":44259,"name":"Diarrhea","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diarrhea?f_ri=561014","nofollow":false},{"id":64568,"name":"Humans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humans?f_ri=561014"},{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child?f_ri=561014"},{"id":83128,"name":"Escherichia coli","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Escherichia_coli?f_ri=561014"},{"id":94817,"name":"Vibrio cholerae","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vibrio_cholerae?f_ri=561014"},{"id":98925,"name":"Female","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Female?f_ri=561014"},{"id":111545,"name":"Male","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Male?f_ri=561014"},{"id":134346,"name":"Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infant?f_ri=561014"},{"id":289330,"name":"Prevalence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prevalence?f_ri=561014"},{"id":335984,"name":"Anti-Bacterial Agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anti-Bacterial_Agents?f_ri=561014"},{"id":346271,"name":"Rotavirus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rotavirus?f_ri=561014"},{"id":469102,"name":"Feces","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Feces?f_ri=561014"},{"id":561014,"name":"Microbial Sensitivity Tests","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbial_Sensitivity_Tests?f_ri=561014"},{"id":570668,"name":"Urban Population","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urban_Population?f_ri=561014"},{"id":1029944,"name":"Shigella","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Shigella?f_ri=561014"},{"id":2489700,"name":"Child preschool","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child_preschool?f_ri=561014"},{"id":2947462,"name":"Rural Population","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rural_Population?f_ri=561014"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_28588158" data-work_id="28588158" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/28588158/Recognition_of_streptococcal_DNA_by_a_mutant_pneumococcus_unable_to_discriminate_among_markers_in_pneumococcal_DNA">Recognition of streptococcal DNA by a mutant pneumococcus unable to discriminate among markers in pneumococcal DNA</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">A mutant strain of pneumococcus which fails to discriminate against low-efficiency markers during transformation by homospecific pneumococcal donor DNA retains the wild-type capacity to discriminate against heterospecific (streptococcal)... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_28588158" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">A mutant strain of pneumococcus which fails to discriminate against low-efficiency markers during transformation by homospecific pneumococcal donor DNA retains the wild-type capacity to discriminate against heterospecific (streptococcal) donor DNA. We conclude that discrimination against heterospecific DNA must differ from that against low-efficiency markers by the kind or number of elements being recognized.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/28588158" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="dab881b23c8eec138b8d940163290257" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48950164,"asset_id":28588158,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48950164/download_file?st=MTczMjUyNzMxMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="53623660" href="https://independent.academia.edu/GTiraby">G. Tiraby</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="53623660" type="text/json">{"id":53623660,"first_name":"G.","last_name":"Tiraby","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"GTiraby","display_name":"G. 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We conclude that discrimination against heterospecific DNA must differ from that against low-efficiency markers by the kind or number of elements being recognized.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":48950164,"asset_id":28588158,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":53623660,"first_name":"G.","last_name":"Tiraby","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"GTiraby","display_name":"G. Tiraby","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GTiraby?f_ri=561014","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":156,"name":"Genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetics?f_ri=561014","nofollow":false},{"id":28920,"name":"Streptococcus pneumoniae","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Streptococcus_pneumoniae?f_ri=561014","nofollow":false},{"id":74780,"name":"Mutation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mutation?f_ri=561014","nofollow":false},{"id":143509,"name":"Genetic transformation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetic_transformation?f_ri=561014","nofollow":false},{"id":498553,"name":"Streptococcus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Streptococcus?f_ri=561014"},{"id":561014,"name":"Microbial Sensitivity Tests","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbial_Sensitivity_Tests?f_ri=561014"},{"id":587530,"name":"Fusidic Acid","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fusidic_Acid?f_ri=561014"},{"id":658966,"name":"Erythromycin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Erythromycin?f_ri=561014"},{"id":756838,"name":"Streptomycin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Streptomycin?f_ri=561014"},{"id":784076,"name":"Species Specificity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Species_Specificity?f_ri=561014"},{"id":1270185,"name":"Lincomycin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lincomycin?f_ri=561014"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_6826012" data-work_id="6826012" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/6826012/Antifungal_Activity_of_Phenyllactic_Acid_against_Molds_Isolated_from_Bakery_Products">Antifungal Activity of Phenyllactic Acid against Molds Isolated from Bakery Products</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/6826012" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="60dd0387031aac152ea8603ac720c383" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":35348347,"asset_id":6826012,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" 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However, green synthesized metal nanoparticles are currently in the limelight due to the simplicity,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_76008771" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Synthesis of metallic and semiconductor nanoparticles through physical and chemical routes has been extensively reported. However, green synthesized metal nanoparticles are currently in the limelight due to the simplicity, cost-effectiveness and eco-friendliness of their synthesis. This study explored the use of aqueous leaf extract of Costus afer in the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (CA-AgNPs). The optical and structural properties of the resulting silver nanoparticles were studied using UV-visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier transform infra-red spectrophotometer (FTIR). TEM images of the silver nanoparticles confirmed the existence of monodispersed spherical nanoparticles with a mean size of 20 nm. The FTIR spectra affirmed the presence of phytochemicals from the Costus afer leaf extract on the surface of the silver nanoparticles. The electrochemical characterization of a CA-AgNPs/multiwalled carbon nanot...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/76008771" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e213c2734f7b2451e7de1274deeb0eb3" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":83693981,"asset_id":76008771,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/83693981/download_file?st=MTczMjUyNzMxMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="5950208" href="https://fulafia.academia.edu/ELIASELEMIKE">ELIAS ELEMIKE</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="5950208" type="text/json">{"id":5950208,"first_name":"ELIAS","last_name":"ELEMIKE","domain_name":"fulafia","page_name":"ELIASELEMIKE","display_name":"ELIAS ELEMIKE","profile_url":"https://fulafia.academia.edu/ELIASELEMIKE?f_ri=561014","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5950208/2529058/3035402/s65_elias.elemike.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_76008771 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="76008771"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 76008771, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_76008771", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=76008771]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_76008771").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_76008771").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="76008771"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">18</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="531" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organic_Chemistry">Organic Chemistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="531" type="text/json">{"id":531,"name":"Organic Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organic_Chemistry?f_ri=561014","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2425" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Free_Radicals">Free Radicals</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2425" type="text/json">{"id":2425,"name":"Free Radicals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Free_Radicals?f_ri=561014","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4748" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electrochemistry">Electrochemistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4748" type="text/json">{"id":4748,"name":"Electrochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electrochemistry?f_ri=561014","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11678" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nanocomposites">Nanocomposites</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="11678" type="text/json">{"id":11678,"name":"Nanocomposites","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nanocomposites?f_ri=561014","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=76008771]'), work: {"id":76008771,"title":"Silver Nanoparticles Mediated by Costus afer Leaf Extract: Synthesis, Antibacterial, Antioxidant and Electrochemical Properties","created_at":"2022-04-10T08:51:02.963-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/76008771/Silver_Nanoparticles_Mediated_by_Costus_afer_Leaf_Extract_Synthesis_Antibacterial_Antioxidant_and_Electrochemical_Properties?f_ri=561014","dom_id":"work_76008771","summary":"Synthesis of metallic and semiconductor nanoparticles through physical and chemical routes has been extensively reported. However, green synthesized metal nanoparticles are currently in the limelight due to the simplicity, cost-effectiveness and eco-friendliness of their synthesis. This study explored the use of aqueous leaf extract of Costus afer in the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (CA-AgNPs). The optical and structural properties of the resulting silver nanoparticles were studied using UV-visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier transform infra-red spectrophotometer (FTIR). TEM images of the silver nanoparticles confirmed the existence of monodispersed spherical nanoparticles with a mean size of 20 nm. The FTIR spectra affirmed the presence of phytochemicals from the Costus afer leaf extract on the surface of the silver nanoparticles. The electrochemical characterization of a CA-AgNPs/multiwalled carbon nanot...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":83693981,"asset_id":76008771,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":5950208,"first_name":"ELIAS","last_name":"ELEMIKE","domain_name":"fulafia","page_name":"ELIASELEMIKE","display_name":"ELIAS ELEMIKE","profile_url":"https://fulafia.academia.edu/ELIASELEMIKE?f_ri=561014","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5950208/2529058/3035402/s65_elias.elemike.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":531,"name":"Organic Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organic_Chemistry?f_ri=561014","nofollow":false},{"id":2425,"name":"Free Radicals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Free_Radicals?f_ri=561014","nofollow":false},{"id":4748,"name":"Electrochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electrochemistry?f_ri=561014","nofollow":false},{"id":11678,"name":"Nanocomposites","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nanocomposites?f_ri=561014","nofollow":false},{"id":35056,"name":"Metal Nanoparticles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metal_Nanoparticles?f_ri=561014"},{"id":78753,"name":"Differential scanning calorimetry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Differential_scanning_calorimetry?f_ri=561014"},{"id":80694,"name":"Silver","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Silver?f_ri=561014"},{"id":83128,"name":"Escherichia coli","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Escherichia_coli?f_ri=561014"},{"id":116078,"name":"Staphylococcus aureus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Staphylococcus_aureus?f_ri=561014"},{"id":328449,"name":"Molecules","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecules?f_ri=561014"},{"id":335984,"name":"Anti-Bacterial Agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anti-Bacterial_Agents?f_ri=561014"},{"id":354056,"name":"Plant extracts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_extracts?f_ri=561014"},{"id":390245,"name":"Particle Size","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Particle_Size?f_ri=561014"},{"id":398650,"name":"Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fourier_transform_infrared_spectroscopy?f_ri=561014"},{"id":561014,"name":"Microbial Sensitivity Tests","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbial_Sensitivity_Tests?f_ri=561014"},{"id":846015,"name":"Electrodes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electrodes?f_ri=561014"},{"id":1529889,"name":"Nanotubes Carbon","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nanotubes_Carbon?f_ri=561014"},{"id":1905343,"name":"Plant Leaves","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Leaves?f_ri=561014"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_72559282" data-work_id="72559282" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/72559282/Molecular_characterization_and_relationship_of_methicillin_resistant_Staphylococcus_aureus_among_strains_from_healthy_carriers_and_university_hospital_patients_southern_Thailand">Molecular characterization and relationship of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among strains from healthy carriers and university hospital patients, southern Thailand</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) plays an important role in nosocomial infections including those in communities. MRSA enables colonization in the nares and throats of healthy people. In this study, investigation of MRSA... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_72559282" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) plays an important role in nosocomial infections including those in communities. MRSA enables colonization in the nares and throats of healthy people. In this study, investigation of MRSA prevalence from the throats of healthy subjects in southern Thailand revealed that among 153 isolates, 2 showed mecA+ genotype by PCR. One mecA+ isolate was susceptible to methicillin, indicating a cryptically methicillin-resistant strain. Antimicrobial susceptibility test demonstrated that 43% were resistant to erythromycin. More importantly, two isolates had the propensity of reduced susceptibility to vancomycin. Other virulence genes harbored by 2 and 8 MRSA from healthy carriers and hospitals, respectively, exhibited that 3 clinical strains possessed coagulase gene while von Willebrand factor binding protein gene was present in one clinical MRSA strain. Staphylococcal enterotoxin A gene was found in 2 clinical MRSA isolates and Panton-Valentine...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/72559282" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6e53cf0d86e71dad96ad0ba1cf830668" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":81440827,"asset_id":72559282,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/81440827/download_file?st=MTczMjUyNzMxMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="46639065" href="https://independent.academia.edu/KamonnutSingkhamanan">Kamonnut Singkhamanan</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="46639065" type="text/json">{"id":46639065,"first_name":"Kamonnut","last_name":"Singkhamanan","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"KamonnutSingkhamanan","display_name":"Kamonnut Singkhamanan","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/KamonnutSingkhamanan?f_ri=561014","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_72559282 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="72559282"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 72559282, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_72559282", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=72559282]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_72559282").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_72559282").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="72559282"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">17</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10096" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thailand">Thailand</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10096" type="text/json">{"id":10096,"name":"Thailand","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thailand?f_ri=561014","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="64568" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humans">Humans</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="64568" type="text/json">{"id":64568,"name":"Humans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humans?f_ri=561014","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="81067" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bacterial_Toxins">Bacterial Toxins</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="81067" type="text/json">{"id":81067,"name":"Bacterial Toxins","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bacterial_Toxins?f_ri=561014","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="98925" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Female">Female</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="98925" type="text/json">{"id":98925,"name":"Female","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Female?f_ri=561014","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=72559282]'), work: {"id":72559282,"title":"Molecular characterization and relationship of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among strains from healthy carriers and university hospital patients, southern Thailand","created_at":"2022-02-27T17:12:27.121-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/72559282/Molecular_characterization_and_relationship_of_methicillin_resistant_Staphylococcus_aureus_among_strains_from_healthy_carriers_and_university_hospital_patients_southern_Thailand?f_ri=561014","dom_id":"work_72559282","summary":"Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) plays an important role in nosocomial infections including those in communities. MRSA enables colonization in the nares and throats of healthy people. In this study, investigation of MRSA prevalence from the throats of healthy subjects in southern Thailand revealed that among 153 isolates, 2 showed mecA+ genotype by PCR. One mecA+ isolate was susceptible to methicillin, indicating a cryptically methicillin-resistant strain. Antimicrobial susceptibility test demonstrated that 43% were resistant to erythromycin. More importantly, two isolates had the propensity of reduced susceptibility to vancomycin. Other virulence genes harbored by 2 and 8 MRSA from healthy carriers and hospitals, respectively, exhibited that 3 clinical strains possessed coagulase gene while von Willebrand factor binding protein gene was present in one clinical MRSA strain. Staphylococcal enterotoxin A gene was found in 2 clinical MRSA isolates and Panton-Valentine...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":81440827,"asset_id":72559282,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":46639065,"first_name":"Kamonnut","last_name":"Singkhamanan","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"KamonnutSingkhamanan","display_name":"Kamonnut Singkhamanan","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/KamonnutSingkhamanan?f_ri=561014","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":10096,"name":"Thailand","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thailand?f_ri=561014","nofollow":false},{"id":64568,"name":"Humans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humans?f_ri=561014","nofollow":false},{"id":81067,"name":"Bacterial Toxins","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bacterial_Toxins?f_ri=561014","nofollow":false},{"id":98925,"name":"Female","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Female?f_ri=561014","nofollow":false},{"id":111545,"name":"Male","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Male?f_ri=561014"},{"id":118339,"name":"Polymerase Chain Reaction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymerase_Chain_Reaction?f_ri=561014"},{"id":133057,"name":"Young Adult","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Young_Adult?f_ri=561014"},{"id":134041,"name":"DNA fingerprinting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/DNA_fingerprinting?f_ri=561014"},{"id":289330,"name":"Prevalence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prevalence?f_ri=561014"},{"id":372410,"name":"Genotype","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genotype?f_ri=561014"},{"id":410370,"name":"Public health systems and services research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_health_systems_and_services_research-1?f_ri=561014"},{"id":561014,"name":"Microbial Sensitivity Tests","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbial_Sensitivity_Tests?f_ri=561014"},{"id":871724,"name":"University Hospitals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/University_Hospitals?f_ri=561014"},{"id":923659,"name":"Virulence Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virulence_Factors?f_ri=561014"},{"id":1381991,"name":"Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Methicillin_Resistant_Staphylococcus_Aureus?f_ri=561014"},{"id":3446955,"name":"Carrier state","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carrier_state?f_ri=561014"},{"id":3854113,"name":"Cross Infection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross_Infection?f_ri=561014"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_66038670" data-work_id="66038670" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/66038670/Influence_of_the_magnetic_field_on_microorganisms_in_the_oral_cavity">Influence of the magnetic field on microorganisms in the oral cavity</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/66038670" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a 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Poštić</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="207544427" type="text/json">{"id":207544427,"first_name":"Srđan","last_name":"Poštić","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SrđanPoštić","display_name":"Srđan D Poštić","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/Sr%C4%91anPo%C5%A1ti%C4%87?f_ri=561014","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/207544427/68043811/56419414/s65_sr_an.po_ti_.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_66038670 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="66038670"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 66038670, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_66038670", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_66038670 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" 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$(".js-view-count-work_66038670").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_66038670").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="66038670"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="596" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dentistry">Dentistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="596" type="text/json">{"id":596,"name":"Dentistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dentistry?f_ri=561014","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="64568" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humans">Humans</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="64568" type="text/json">{"id":64568,"name":"Humans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humans?f_ri=561014","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="113903" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bacteria">Bacteria</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="113903" type="text/json">{"id":113903,"name":"Bacteria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bacteria?f_ri=561014","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="119446" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dentures">Dentures</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="119446" type="text/json">{"id":119446,"name":"Dentures","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dentures?f_ri=561014","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=66038670]'), work: {"id":66038670,"title":"Influence of the magnetic field on 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itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/65118553/Phylogenomics_and_antimicrobial_resistance_of_the_leprosy_bacillus_Mycobacterium_leprae">Phylogenomics and antimicrobial resistance of the leprosy bacillus Mycobacterium leprae</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Leprosy is a chronic human disease caused by the yet-uncultured pathogen Mycobacterium leprae. Although readily curable with multidrug therapy (MDT), over 200,000 new cases are still reported annually. Here, we obtain M. leprae genome... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_65118553" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Leprosy is a chronic human disease caused by the yet-uncultured pathogen Mycobacterium leprae. Although readily curable with multidrug therapy (MDT), over 200,000 new cases are still reported annually. Here, we obtain M. leprae genome sequences from DNA extracted directly from patients&#39; skin biopsies using a customized protocol. Comparative and phylogenetic analysis of 154 genomes from 25 countries provides insight into evolution and antimicrobial resistance, uncovering lineages and phylogeographic trends, with the most ancestral strains linked to the Far East. In addition to known MDT-resistance mutations, we detect other mutations associated with antibiotic resistance, and retrace a potential stepwise emergence of extensive drug resistance in the pre-MDT era. Some of the previously undescribed mutations occur in genes that are apparently subject to positive selection, and two of these (ribD, fadD9) are restricted to drug-resistant strains. Finally, nonsense mutations in the nt...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/65118553" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8f3eeeb11d75fd189e7406e10c45300e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":76848240,"asset_id":65118553,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/76848240/download_file?st=MTczMjUyNzMxMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33412829" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MiltonMoraes3">Milton Moraes</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33412829" type="text/json">{"id":33412829,"first_name":"Milton","last_name":"Moraes","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MiltonMoraes3","display_name":"Milton Moraes","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MiltonMoraes3?f_ri=561014","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_65118553 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="65118553"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 65118553, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_65118553", }); 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href="https://www.academia.edu/57791784/Design_and_Discovery_of_a_Novel_Dipeptidyl_peptidase_IV_CD26_Based_Prodrug_Approach">Design and Discovery of a Novel Dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (CD26)-Based Prodrug Approach</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/57791784" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b10c0796993eb748baa1007b2a4d5a56" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":72519791,"asset_id":57791784,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" 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data-has-card-for-ri="4749" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Catalysis">Catalysis</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4749" type="text/json">{"id":4749,"name":"Catalysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Catalysis?f_ri=561014","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22050" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cytotoxicity">Cytotoxicity</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="22050" type="text/json">{"id":22050,"name":"Cytotoxicity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cytotoxicity?f_ri=561014","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=57791784]'), work: {"id":57791784,"title":"Design and Discovery of a Novel Dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (CD26)-Based Prodrug 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Design","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Design?f_ri=561014"},{"id":178352,"name":"Prodrug","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prodrug?f_ri=561014"},{"id":260829,"name":"Cattle","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cattle?f_ri=561014"},{"id":446162,"name":"Medicinal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal?f_ri=561014"},{"id":498676,"name":"Lipophilicity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lipophilicity?f_ri=561014"},{"id":561014,"name":"Microbial Sensitivity Tests","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbial_Sensitivity_Tests?f_ri=561014"},{"id":649537,"name":"Molecular Conformation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Conformation?f_ri=561014"},{"id":967839,"name":"Structure activity Relationship","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Structure_activity_Relationship?f_ri=561014"},{"id":3789884,"name":"Pharmacology and pharmaceutical sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacology_and_pharmaceutical_sciences?f_ri=561014"},{"id":3853201,"name":"reverse transcriptase inhibitors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/reverse_transcriptase_inhibitors?f_ri=561014"},{"id":3881526,"name":"In Vitro Techniques","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/In_Vitro_Techniques?f_ri=561014"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_53165119" data-work_id="53165119" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/53165119/Analogues_of_the_frog_skin_peptide_alyteserin_2a_with_enhanced_antimicrobial_activities_against_Gram_negative_bacteria">Analogues of the frog skin peptide alyteserin-2a with enhanced antimicrobial activities against Gram-negative bacteria</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/53165119" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4cbde82e7a1186d7607eabbf150facaf" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":70080899,"asset_id":53165119,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" 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Mechkarska","profile_url":"https://sta-uwi.academia.edu/MilenaMechkarska?f_ri=561014","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1114829/389007/12271299/s65_milena.mechkarska.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_53165119 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="53165119"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 53165119, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_53165119", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_53165119 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 53165119; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_53165119"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_53165119 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="53165119"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 53165119; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=53165119]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_53165119").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_53165119").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="53165119"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10896" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peptide_Science">Peptide Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10896" type="text/json">{"id":10896,"name":"Peptide Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peptide_Science?f_ri=561014","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="57808" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_line">Cell line</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="57808" type="text/json">{"id":57808,"name":"Cell line","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_line?f_ri=561014","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="64568" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humans">Humans</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="64568" type="text/json">{"id":64568,"name":"Humans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humans?f_ri=561014","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="99234" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animals">Animals</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="99234" type="text/json">{"id":99234,"name":"Animals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animals?f_ri=561014","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=53165119]'), work: {"id":53165119,"title":"Analogues of the frog skin peptide alyteserin-2a with enhanced antimicrobial activities against Gram-negative 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line","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_line?f_ri=561014","nofollow":false},{"id":64568,"name":"Humans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humans?f_ri=561014","nofollow":false},{"id":99234,"name":"Animals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animals?f_ri=561014","nofollow":false},{"id":120789,"name":"Drug Design","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Design?f_ri=561014"},{"id":131573,"name":"Candida albicans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Candida_albicans?f_ri=561014"},{"id":133857,"name":"Anura","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anura?f_ri=561014"},{"id":162553,"name":"Skin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Skin?f_ri=561014"},{"id":335965,"name":"Gram-negative bacteria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gram-negative_bacteria?f_ri=561014"},{"id":335984,"name":"Anti-Bacterial Agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anti-Bacterial_Agents?f_ri=561014"},{"id":335985,"name":"Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antimicrobial_Cationic_Peptides?f_ri=561014"},{"id":372917,"name":"Protein Secondary Structure Prediction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Protein_Secondary_Structure_Prediction?f_ri=561014"},{"id":552209,"name":"Antifungal Agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antifungal_Agents?f_ri=561014"},{"id":561014,"name":"Microbial Sensitivity Tests","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbial_Sensitivity_Tests?f_ri=561014"},{"id":802213,"name":"Lethal Dose","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lethal_Dose?f_ri=561014"},{"id":809881,"name":"Amino Acid Sequence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Amino_Acid_Sequence?f_ri=561014"},{"id":982534,"name":"Erythrocytes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Erythrocytes?f_ri=561014"},{"id":1157148,"name":"Cell Survival","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_Survival?f_ri=561014"},{"id":1739185,"name":"Amphibian Proteins","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Amphibian_Proteins?f_ri=561014"},{"id":2467566,"name":"Molecular Sequence Data","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Sequence_Data?f_ri=561014"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_51942269" data-work_id="51942269" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/51942269/In_vitro_screening_of_Circium_arvense_for_potential_antibacterial_and_antifungal_activities">In vitro screening of Circium arvense for potential antibacterial and antifungal activities</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The antimicrobial activities of Circium arvense extracts were evaluated against two human gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus) and four gram negative pathogen (Escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_51942269" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The antimicrobial activities of Circium arvense extracts were evaluated against two human gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus) and four gram negative pathogen (Escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter, Klebsiella pneumoniae). The Methanol extracts of Circium arvense were used to obtain various fractions (X1) n-hexane, (X2) chloroform, (X3) ethyl acetate and (X4) n-butanol. The agar well diffusion assay and agar dilution susceptibility testing were carried out to determine the zone of inhibitions and the minimum inhibitory concentration respectively. Antifungal activity was employed by agar well diffusion method. The Ampicilline, Ofloxacine and Itraconazole were used as standard agents. Almost all fractions exhibited more or less antimicrobial activity. The X2 (Chloroform) fraction was reported as highly active fraction with good antimicrobial activity MIC 0.312 mg/ml against staphylococcus areous. The MBC values of fraction X2 (chloroform) was 2 ti...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/51942269" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4a9c5ff8b2f9b901ac1d1c60d43c8e48" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":69437395,"asset_id":51942269,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/69437395/download_file?st=MTczMjUyNzMxMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="53070985" href="https://independent.academia.edu/IrshadAli34">Irshad Ali</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="53070985" type="text/json">{"id":53070985,"first_name":"Irshad","last_name":"Ali","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"IrshadAli34","display_name":"Irshad Ali","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/IrshadAli34?f_ri=561014","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/53070985/14009993/15043668/s65_irshad.ali.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_51942269 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="51942269"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 51942269, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_51942269", }); 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The Methanol extracts of Circium arvense were used to obtain various fractions (X1) n-hexane, (X2) chloroform, (X3) ethyl acetate and (X4) n-butanol. The agar well diffusion assay and agar dilution susceptibility testing were carried out to determine the zone of inhibitions and the minimum inhibitory concentration respectively. Antifungal activity was employed by agar well diffusion method. The Ampicilline, Ofloxacine and Itraconazole were used as standard agents. Almost all fractions exhibited more or less antimicrobial activity. The X2 (Chloroform) fraction was reported as highly active fraction with good antimicrobial activity MIC 0.312 mg/ml against staphylococcus areous. 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itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/47837024/Prevalence_Proportions_and_Identities_of_Antibiotic_Resistant_Bacteria_in_the_Oral_Microflora_of_Healthy_Children">Prevalence, Proportions, and Identities of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria in the Oral Microflora of Healthy Children</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/47837024" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a 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Enterococcus species isolated... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_12454874" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The present prospective study was carried out to determine the species distribution and antimicrobial susceptibilities of enterococci isolated from clinical samples in a tertiary care hospital of North India. Enterococcus species isolated from blood, urine, pus, sterile fluids and the hospital environment from October 2003 to January 2004 were identified by standard biochemical tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by the disk diffusion method as per NCCLS guidelines. Out of a total of 105 Enterococcus species recovered during the study period, E. faecium (42.90%) and E. faecalis (40.00%) constituted the predominant isolates. Enterococcus faecium was the commonest blood culture isolate while E. faecalis predominated pus and urine samples. Other species isolated were E. mundtii, E dispar, E. durans, E. avium, E. raffinosus and E. gallinarum. High-level aminoglycoside resistance was detected in 73.3% of isolates. Resistance to vancomycin, teicoplanin and linezolid ...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/12454874" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="811d5501713a0c84b074db245f400f00" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":46172022,"asset_id":12454874,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46172022/download_file?st=MTczMjUyNzMxMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="31276538" href="https://aiims.academia.edu/ArtiKapil">Arti Kapil</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="31276538" type="text/json">{"id":31276538,"first_name":"Arti","last_name":"Kapil","domain_name":"aiims","page_name":"ArtiKapil","display_name":"Arti Kapil","profile_url":"https://aiims.academia.edu/ArtiKapil?f_ri=561014","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-12454874">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-12454874"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/SoodSeema">Seema Sood</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-12454874'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-12454874').html(); 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Enterococcus species isolated from blood, urine, pus, sterile fluids and the hospital environment from October 2003 to January 2004 were identified by standard biochemical tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by the disk diffusion method as per NCCLS guidelines. Out of a total of 105 Enterococcus species recovered during the study period, E. faecium (42.90%) and E. faecalis (40.00%) constituted the predominant isolates. Enterococcus faecium was the commonest blood culture isolate while E. faecalis predominated pus and urine samples. Other species isolated were E. mundtii, E dispar, E. durans, E. avium, E. raffinosus and E. gallinarum. High-level aminoglycoside resistance was detected in 73.3% of isolates. 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II. Antiviral activity of 2-phenylbenzimidazole derivatives</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/13611977" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="17a591bb7fe3fca120bb9fc562ac1693" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45155333,"asset_id":13611977,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45155333/download_file?st=MTczMjUyNzMxMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32783455" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PaoloLaColla">Paolo La Colla</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32783455" type="text/json">{"id":32783455,"first_name":"Paolo La","last_name":"Colla","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PaoloLaColla","display_name":"Paolo La Colla","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PaoloLaColla?f_ri=561014","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-13611977">+2</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-13611977"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/TonelliMichele">Michele Tonelli</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/GiuseppePaglietti">Giuseppe Paglietti</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-13611977'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-13611977').html(); 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Tonelli","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/TonelliMichele?f_ri=561014","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":32827640,"first_name":"Giuseppe","last_name":"Paglietti","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"GiuseppePaglietti","display_name":"Giuseppe Paglietti","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GiuseppePaglietti?f_ri=561014","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":523,"name":"Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry?f_ri=561014","nofollow":false},{"id":531,"name":"Organic Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organic_Chemistry?f_ri=561014","nofollow":false},{"id":29371,"name":"DNA viruses","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/DNA_viruses?f_ri=561014","nofollow":false},{"id":29372,"name":"RNA viruses","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/RNA_viruses?f_ri=561014","nofollow":false},{"id":57570,"name":"Cercopithecus aethiops","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cercopithecus_aethiops?f_ri=561014"},{"id":57808,"name":"Cell line","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_line?f_ri=561014"},{"id":64568,"name":"Humans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humans?f_ri=561014"},{"id":99234,"name":"Animals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animals?f_ri=561014"},{"id":260829,"name":"Cattle","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cattle?f_ri=561014"},{"id":316473,"name":"Human Respiratory Syncytial Viruses","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Respiratory_Syncytial_Viruses?f_ri=561014"},{"id":521860,"name":"Flavivirus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Flavivirus?f_ri=561014"},{"id":561014,"name":"Microbial Sensitivity Tests","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbial_Sensitivity_Tests?f_ri=561014"},{"id":728493,"name":"Bioorganic and medicinal Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioorganic_and_medicinal_Chemistry?f_ri=561014"},{"id":782251,"name":"Cell Proliferation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_Proliferation?f_ri=561014"},{"id":801413,"name":"Benzimidazoles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Benzimidazoles?f_ri=561014"},{"id":902999,"name":"Antiviral Activity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antiviral_Activity?f_ri=561014"},{"id":967839,"name":"Structure activity Relationship","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Structure_activity_Relationship?f_ri=561014"},{"id":998923,"name":"Structural Similarity Index","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Structural_Similarity_Index?f_ri=561014"},{"id":1157148,"name":"Cell Survival","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_Survival?f_ri=561014"},{"id":1292080,"name":"Vero cells","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vero_cells?f_ri=561014"},{"id":1622318,"name":"Antiviral Agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antiviral_Agents?f_ri=561014"},{"id":1724844,"name":"Molecular Structure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Structure?f_ri=561014"},{"id":1888098,"name":"Poliovirus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Poliovirus?f_ri=561014"},{"id":2025627,"name":"Enterovirus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Enterovirus?f_ri=561014"},{"id":2056389,"name":"Pestivirus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pestivirus?f_ri=561014"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_14169709" data-work_id="14169709" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14169709/Evaluation_of_epidemiological_cut_off_values_indicates_that_biocide_resistant_subpopulations_are_uncommon_in_natural_isolates_of_clinically_relevant_microorganisms">Evaluation of epidemiological cut-off values indicates that biocide resistant subpopulations are uncommon in natural isolates of clinically-relevant microorganisms</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">To date there are no clear criteria to determine whether a microbe is susceptible to biocides or not. As a starting point for distinguishing between wild-type and resistant organisms, we set out to determine the minimal inhibitory... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_14169709" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">To date there are no clear criteria to determine whether a microbe is susceptible to biocides or not. As a starting point for distinguishing between wild-type and resistant organisms, we set out to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) distributions for four common biocides; triclosan, benzalkonium chloride, chlorhexidine and sodium hypochlorite for 3319 clinical isolates, with a particular focus on Staphylococcus aureus (N = 1635) and Salmonella spp. (N = 901) but also including Escherichia coli (N = 368), Candida albicans (N = 200), Klebsiella pneumoniae (N = 60), Enterobacter spp. (N = 54), Enterococcus faecium (N = 53), and Enterococcus faecalis (N = 56). From these data epidemiological cut-off values (ECOFFs) are proposed. As would be expected, MBCs were higher than MICs for all biocides. In most cases both values followed a normal distribution. Bimodal distributions, indicating the existence of biocide resistant subpo...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/14169709" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4d8c1daca2d3aa056ae92bb181293cc8" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44543622,"asset_id":14169709,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44543622/download_file?st=MTczMjUyNzMxMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33154412" href="https://leicester.academia.edu/MarcoRinaldoOggioni">Marco Rinaldo Oggioni</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33154412" type="text/json">{"id":33154412,"first_name":"Marco Rinaldo","last_name":"Oggioni","domain_name":"leicester","page_name":"MarcoRinaldoOggioni","display_name":"Marco Rinaldo Oggioni","profile_url":"https://leicester.academia.edu/MarcoRinaldoOggioni?f_ri=561014","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_14169709 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="14169709"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 14169709, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_14169709", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=14169709]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_14169709").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_14169709").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="14169709"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="17272" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fungi">Fungi</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="17272" type="text/json">{"id":17272,"name":"Fungi","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fungi?f_ri=561014","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28235" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary">Multidisciplinary</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="28235" type="text/json">{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=561014","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="64568" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humans">Humans</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="64568" type="text/json">{"id":64568,"name":"Humans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humans?f_ri=561014","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="113903" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bacteria">Bacteria</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="113903" type="text/json">{"id":113903,"name":"Bacteria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bacteria?f_ri=561014","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=14169709]'), work: {"id":14169709,"title":"Evaluation of epidemiological cut-off values indicates that biocide resistant subpopulations are uncommon in natural isolates of clinically-relevant microorganisms","created_at":"2015-07-18T02:34:06.368-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/14169709/Evaluation_of_epidemiological_cut_off_values_indicates_that_biocide_resistant_subpopulations_are_uncommon_in_natural_isolates_of_clinically_relevant_microorganisms?f_ri=561014","dom_id":"work_14169709","summary":"To date there are no clear criteria to determine whether a microbe is susceptible to biocides or not. As a starting point for distinguishing between wild-type and resistant organisms, we set out to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) distributions for four common biocides; triclosan, benzalkonium chloride, chlorhexidine and sodium hypochlorite for 3319 clinical isolates, with a particular focus on Staphylococcus aureus (N = 1635) and Salmonella spp. (N = 901) but also including Escherichia coli (N = 368), Candida albicans (N = 200), Klebsiella pneumoniae (N = 60), Enterobacter spp. (N = 54), Enterococcus faecium (N = 53), and Enterococcus faecalis (N = 56). From these data epidemiological cut-off values (ECOFFs) are proposed. As would be expected, MBCs were higher than MICs for all biocides. In most cases both values followed a normal distribution. Bimodal distributions, indicating the existence of biocide resistant subpo...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":44543622,"asset_id":14169709,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33154412,"first_name":"Marco Rinaldo","last_name":"Oggioni","domain_name":"leicester","page_name":"MarcoRinaldoOggioni","display_name":"Marco Rinaldo Oggioni","profile_url":"https://leicester.academia.edu/MarcoRinaldoOggioni?f_ri=561014","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":17272,"name":"Fungi","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fungi?f_ri=561014","nofollow":false},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=561014","nofollow":false},{"id":64568,"name":"Humans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humans?f_ri=561014","nofollow":false},{"id":113903,"name":"Bacteria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bacteria?f_ri=561014","nofollow":false},{"id":115151,"name":"Microbial genetic and drug resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbial_genetic_and_drug_resistance?f_ri=561014"},{"id":139817,"name":"Disinfectants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Disinfectants?f_ri=561014"},{"id":220780,"name":"PLoS one","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/PLoS_one?f_ri=561014"},{"id":335984,"name":"Anti-Bacterial Agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anti-Bacterial_Agents?f_ri=561014"},{"id":561014,"name":"Microbial Sensitivity Tests","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbial_Sensitivity_Tests?f_ri=561014"},{"id":587528,"name":"Bacterial infections","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bacterial_infections?f_ri=561014"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_14236100 coauthored" data-work_id="14236100" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14236100/Dosing_Regimens_of_Cotrimoxazole_Trimethoprim_Sulfamethoxazole_for_Melioidosis">Dosing Regimens of Cotrimoxazole (Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole) for Melioidosis</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/14236100" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d5bd2b6c89cc89a40bffe6825718bc58" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44420651,"asset_id":14236100,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" 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Wuthiekanun","profile_url":"https://tropmedres.academia.edu/VanapornWuthiekanun?f_ri=561014","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-14236100">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-14236100"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://jamescookuniversity.academia.edu/EmmaMcBryde">Emma McBryde</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-14236100'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-14236100').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_14236100 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" 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data-has-card-for-ri="159" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology">Microbiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="159" type="text/json">{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=561014","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6947" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology">Medical Microbiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6947" type="text/json">{"id":6947,"name":"Medical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology?f_ri=561014","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="343667" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theoretical_Models">Theoretical Models</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="343667" type="text/json">{"id":343667,"name":"Theoretical Models","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theoretical_Models?f_ri=561014","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="509981" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antimicrobial_agents">Antimicrobial agents</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="509981" type="text/json">{"id":509981,"name":"Antimicrobial agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antimicrobial_agents?f_ri=561014","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=14236100]'), work: {"id":14236100,"title":"Dosing Regimens of Cotrimoxazole (Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole) for 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McBryde","profile_url":"https://jamescookuniversity.academia.edu/EmmaMcBryde?f_ri=561014","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/33275616/9855636/10985145/s65_emma.mcbryde.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=561014","nofollow":false},{"id":6947,"name":"Medical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology?f_ri=561014","nofollow":false},{"id":343667,"name":"Theoretical Models","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theoretical_Models?f_ri=561014","nofollow":false},{"id":509981,"name":"Antimicrobial agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antimicrobial_agents?f_ri=561014","nofollow":false},{"id":561014,"name":"Microbial Sensitivity Tests","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbial_Sensitivity_Tests?f_ri=561014"},{"id":742332,"name":"Melioidosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Melioidosis?f_ri=561014"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_14559459 coauthored" data-work_id="14559459" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14559459/A_monoterpene_unique_component_of_thyme_honeys_induces_apoptosis_in_prostate_cancer_cells_via_inhibition_of_NF_%CE%BAB_activity_and_IL_6_secretion">A monoterpene, unique component of thyme honeys, induces apoptosis in prostate cancer cells via inhibition of NF-κB activity and IL-6 secretion</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/14559459" 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class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33523175" href="https://uoa.academia.edu/EvaKassi">Eva Kassi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33523175" type="text/json">{"id":33523175,"first_name":"Eva","last_name":"Kassi","domain_name":"uoa","page_name":"EvaKassi","display_name":"Eva Kassi","profile_url":"https://uoa.academia.edu/EvaKassi?f_ri=561014","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-14559459">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-14559459"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/ParaskeviMoutsatsou">Paraskevi Moutsatsou</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var 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Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Biology?f_ri=561014","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="24731" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Apoptosis">Apoptosis</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="24731" type="text/json">{"id":24731,"name":"Apoptosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Apoptosis?f_ri=561014","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="44842" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phytomedicine">Phytomedicine</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="44842" type="text/json">{"id":44842,"name":"Phytomedicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phytomedicine?f_ri=561014","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=14559459]'), work: {"id":14559459,"title":"A monoterpene, unique component of thyme honeys, induces apoptosis in prostate cancer 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href="https://www.academia.edu/15449172/Modelling_time_kill_studies_to_discern_the_pharmacodynamics_of_meropenem">Modelling time-kill studies to discern the pharmacodynamics of meropenem</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Objectives: Time-kill studies are commonly used in investigations of new antimicrobial agents. However, they typically provide descriptive information on pharmacodynamics. We developed a mathe- matical model to capture the relationship... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_15449172" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Objectives: Time-kill studies are commonly used in investigations of new antimicrobial agents. However, they typically provide descriptive information on pharmacodynamics. We developed a mathe- matical model to capture the relationship between microbial burden and antimicrobial agent concentrations. Methods: Time-kill studies were performed with 108 cfu/mL of Pseudomonas aeruginosa at baseline. Meropenem at 0, 0.25, 1, 4, 16 and 64 3</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/15449172" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f1a7f5608edfb6e72e95b70290dcc554" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":38683217,"asset_id":15449172,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38683217/download_file?st=MTczMjUyNzMxMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="34592410" href="https://uh.academia.edu/MichaelNikolaou">Michael Nikolaou</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="34592410" type="text/json">{"id":34592410,"first_name":"Michael","last_name":"Nikolaou","domain_name":"uh","page_name":"MichaelNikolaou","display_name":"Michael Nikolaou","profile_url":"https://uh.academia.edu/MichaelNikolaou?f_ri=561014","photo":"https://gravatar.com/avatar/2375d2f9cc282ce94529c8de62ac89b1?s=65"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_15449172 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="15449172"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 15449172, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_15449172", }); 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