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overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; -webkit-line-clamp: 3; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; }</style><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><div class="u-floatLeft"><h1 class="PageHeader-title u-m0x u-fs30">Medical Microbiology</h1><div class="u-tcGrayDark">35,648 Followers</div><div class="u-tcGrayDark u-mt2x">Recent papers in <b>Medical Microbiology</b></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="TabbedNavigation"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><ul class="nav u-m0x u-p0x list-inline u-displayFlex"><li class="active"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology">Top Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology/MostCited">Most Cited Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology/MostDownloaded">Most Downloaded Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology/MostRecent">Newest Papers</a></li><li><a class="" href="https://www.academia.edu/People/Medical_Microbiology">People</a></li></ul></div><style type="text/css">ul.nav{flex-direction:row}@media(max-width: 567px){ul.nav{flex-direction:column}.TabbedNavigation li{max-width:100%}.TabbedNavigation li.active{background-color:var(--background-grey, #dddde2)}.TabbedNavigation li.active:before,.TabbedNavigation li.active:after{display:none}}</style></div></div></div><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12"><div class="u-displayFlex"><div class="u-flexGrow1"><div class="works"><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_65147069" data-work_id="65147069" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/65147069/Claudin_1_required_for_HCV_virus_entry_has_high_potential_for_phosphorylation_and_o_glycosylation">Claudin-1 required for HCV virus entry has high potential for phosphorylation and o-glycosylation</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">HCV is a leading cause of hepatocellular carcinoma and cirrhosis all over the world. Claudins belong to family of tight junction's proteins that are responsible for establishing barriers for controlling the flow of molecules around cells.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_65147069" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">HCV is a leading cause of hepatocellular carcinoma and cirrhosis all over the world. Claudins belong to family of tight junction's proteins that are responsible for establishing barriers for controlling the flow of molecules around cells. For therapeutic strategies, regulation of viral entry into the host cells holds a lot of promise. During HCV infection claudin-1 is highly expressed in liver and believed to be associated with HCV virus entry after HCV binding with or without co-receptor CD81. The claudin-1 assembly with tight junctions is regulated by post translational modifications. During claudins assembly and disassembly with tight junctions, phosphorylation is required at C-terminal tail. In cellular proteins, interplay between phosphorylation and O-b-GlcNAc modification is believed to be functional switch, but it is very difficult to monitor these functional and vibrant changes in vivo. Netphos 2.0 and Disphos 1.3 programs were used for potential phosphorylation; NetPhosK 1.0 and KinasePhos for kinase prediction; and YinOYang 1.2 and OGPET to predict possible O-glycosylation sites. We also identified Yin Yang sites that may have potential for O-b-GlcNAc and phosphorylation interplay at same Ser/Thr residues. We for the first time proposed that alternate phosphorylation and O-b-GlcNAc modification on Ser 192, Ser 205, Ser 206; and Thr 191 may provide an on/off switch to regulate assembly of claudin-1 at tight junctions. In addition these phosphorylation sites may be targeted by novel chemotherapeutic agents to prevent phosphorylation lead by HCV viral entry complex.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/65147069" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2f57caaf44b4cbb7ce5bc6b22e7cb9b9" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":76867633,"asset_id":65147069,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/76867633/download_file?st=MTc0MDU4NjgyNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="104291167" href="https://independent.academia.edu/WaqarAhmad288">Waqar Ahmad</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="104291167" type="text/json">{"id":104291167,"first_name":"Waqar","last_name":"Ahmad","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"WaqarAhmad288","display_name":"Waqar Ahmad","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/WaqarAhmad288?f_ri=6947","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/104291167/85313306/73959426/s65_waqar.ahmad.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_65147069 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="65147069"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 65147069, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_65147069", }); 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Claudins belong to family of tight junction's proteins that are responsible for establishing barriers for controlling the flow of molecules around cells. For therapeutic strategies, regulation of viral entry into the host cells holds a lot of promise. During HCV infection claudin-1 is highly expressed in liver and believed to be associated with HCV virus entry after HCV binding with or without co-receptor CD81. The claudin-1 assembly with tight junctions is regulated by post translational modifications. During claudins assembly and disassembly with tight junctions, phosphorylation is required at C-terminal tail. In cellular proteins, interplay between phosphorylation and O-b-GlcNAc modification is believed to be functional switch, but it is very difficult to monitor these functional and vibrant changes in vivo. Netphos 2.0 and Disphos 1.3 programs were used for potential phosphorylation; NetPhosK 1.0 and KinasePhos for kinase prediction; and YinOYang 1.2 and OGPET to predict possible O-glycosylation sites. We also identified Yin Yang sites that may have potential for O-b-GlcNAc and phosphorylation interplay at same Ser/Thr residues. We for the first time proposed that alternate phosphorylation and O-b-GlcNAc modification on Ser 192, Ser 205, Ser 206; and Thr 191 may provide an on/off switch to regulate assembly of claudin-1 at tight junctions. In addition these phosphorylation sites may be targeted by novel chemotherapeutic agents to prevent phosphorylation lead by HCV viral entry complex.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":76867633,"asset_id":65147069,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":104291167,"first_name":"Waqar","last_name":"Ahmad","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"WaqarAhmad288","display_name":"Waqar Ahmad","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/WaqarAhmad288?f_ri=6947","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/104291167/85313306/73959426/s65_waqar.ahmad.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":4233,"name":"Computational Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computational_Biology?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":6947,"name":"Medical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":8089,"name":"Virology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virology?f_ri=6947"},{"id":11298,"name":"Membrane Proteins","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Membrane_Proteins?f_ri=6947"},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=6947"},{"id":67484,"name":"Sequence alignment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sequence_alignment?f_ri=6947"},{"id":111972,"name":"Hepatocellular Carcinoma","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hepatocellular_Carcinoma?f_ri=6947"},{"id":172083,"name":"Phosphorylation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phosphorylation?f_ri=6947"},{"id":238151,"name":"Glycosylation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Glycosylation?f_ri=6947"},{"id":809881,"name":"Amino Acid Sequence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Amino_Acid_Sequence?f_ri=6947"},{"id":1371582,"name":"Tight Junction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tight_Junction?f_ri=6947"},{"id":1371584,"name":"Claudin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Claudin?f_ri=6947"},{"id":2467566,"name":"Molecular Sequence Data","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Sequence_Data?f_ri=6947"},{"id":2717373,"name":"Hepacivirus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hepacivirus?f_ri=6947"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_11020356" data-work_id="11020356" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/11020356/Viral_hepatitis_and_HIV_co_infection">Viral hepatitis and HIV co-infection</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Persons at high risk for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are also likely to be at risk for other infectious pathogens, including hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV). These are bloodborne pathogens transmitted... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_11020356" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Persons at high risk for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are also likely to be at risk for other infectious pathogens, including hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV). These are bloodborne pathogens transmitted through similar routes; for example, via injection drug use (IDU), sexual contact, or from mother to child during pregnancy or birth. In some settings, the prevalence of coinfection with HBV and/or HCV is high. In the context of effective antiretroviral therapy (ART), liver disease has emerged as a major cause of morbidity and mortality in HIV-infected persons. Further, coinfection with viral hepatitis may complicate the delivery of ART by increasing the risk of drug-related hepatoxicity and impacting the selection of specific agents (e.g., those dually active against HIV and HBV). Expert guidelines developed in the United States and Europe recommend screening of all HIV-infected persons for infection with HCV and HBV and appropriate management of those found to be chronically infected. Treatment strategies for HBV infection include the use of nucleos(t)ide analogues with or without anti-HIV activity and/or peginterferon alfa (PegIFN) whereas HCV treatment is limited to the combination of PegIFN and ribavirin (RBV). Current approaches to management of HIVinfected persons coinfected with HBV or HCV are discussed in this review.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/11020356" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d5a1dcf0fd5e52cc97c54fa3f571434b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":46964106,"asset_id":11020356,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46964106/download_file?st=MTc0MDU4NjgyNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="26671935" href="https://independent.academia.edu/josemedrano4">jose medrano</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="26671935" type="text/json">{"id":26671935,"first_name":"jose","last_name":"medrano","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"josemedrano4","display_name":"jose medrano","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/josemedrano4?f_ri=6947","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_11020356 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="11020356"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 11020356, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_11020356", }); 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These are bloodborne pathogens transmitted through similar routes; for example, via injection drug use (IDU), sexual contact, or from mother to child during pregnancy or birth. In some settings, the prevalence of coinfection with HBV and/or HCV is high. In the context of effective antiretroviral therapy (ART), liver disease has emerged as a major cause of morbidity and mortality in HIV-infected persons. Further, coinfection with viral hepatitis may complicate the delivery of ART by increasing the risk of drug-related hepatoxicity and impacting the selection of specific agents (e.g., those dually active against HIV and HBV). Expert guidelines developed in the United States and Europe recommend screening of all HIV-infected persons for infection with HCV and HBV and appropriate management of those found to be chronically infected. Treatment strategies for HBV infection include the use of nucleos(t)ide analogues with or without anti-HIV activity and/or peginterferon alfa (PegIFN) whereas HCV treatment is limited to the combination of PegIFN and ribavirin (RBV). Current approaches to management of HIVinfected persons coinfected with HBV or HCV are discussed in this review.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":46964106,"asset_id":11020356,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":26671935,"first_name":"jose","last_name":"medrano","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"josemedrano4","display_name":"jose medrano","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/josemedrano4?f_ri=6947","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":6947,"name":"Medical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":8942,"name":"Treatment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":10640,"name":"Drug Discovery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Discovery?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":12426,"name":"Treatment Outcome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment_Outcome?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":27385,"name":"Hepatitis C","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hepatitis_C?f_ri=6947"},{"id":28973,"name":"Comorbidity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comorbidity?f_ri=6947"},{"id":37773,"name":"Hepatology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hepatology?f_ri=6947"},{"id":63331,"name":"Hepatitis B","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hepatitis_B?f_ri=6947"},{"id":82145,"name":"Virus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virus?f_ri=6947"},{"id":102583,"name":"Drug Resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Resistance?f_ri=6947"},{"id":103565,"name":"Viral hepatitis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Viral_hepatitis?f_ri=6947"},{"id":125176,"name":"Liver Fibrosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Liver_Fibrosis?f_ri=6947"},{"id":155901,"name":"Liver Transplantation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Liver_Transplantation?f_ri=6947"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=6947"},{"id":295458,"name":"Pegylated Interferon","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pegylated_Interferon?f_ri=6947"},{"id":652845,"name":"Intravenous Drug Users","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intravenous_Drug_Users?f_ri=6947"},{"id":792401,"name":"Antiviral","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antiviral?f_ri=6947"},{"id":855510,"name":"Liver Disease","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Liver_Disease?f_ri=6947"},{"id":1198599,"name":"chronic hepatitis B","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/chronic_hepatitis_B?f_ri=6947"},{"id":1198617,"name":"chronic hepatitis C","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/chronic_hepatitis_C?f_ri=6947"},{"id":1455619,"name":"End Stage Liver Disease","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/End_Stage_Liver_Disease?f_ri=6947"},{"id":1622318,"name":"Antiviral Agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antiviral_Agents?f_ri=6947"},{"id":2249317,"name":"Viral Load","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Viral_Load?f_ri=6947"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_13025481 coauthored" data-work_id="13025481" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13025481/An_evaluation_of_p16INK4a_expression_in_cervical_intraepithelial_neoplasia_specimens_including_women_with_HIV_1">An evaluation of p16INK4a expression in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia specimens, including women with HIV-1</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">P16 INK4a is a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor that regulates the transition from the G1 to S phase and negatively influences cell proliferation in conjunction with other tumour suppressor proteins, such as the retinoblastoma gene (pRb)... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_13025481" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">P16 INK4a is a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor that regulates the transition from the G1 to S phase and negatively influences cell proliferation in conjunction with other tumour suppressor proteins, such as the retinoblastoma gene (pRb) ). As pRb is functionally inactivated by the high-risk human papillo-human papilloma virus (HPV) oncoprotein E7, there is a concomitant overexpression of p16 INK4a . New data suggest that p16 overexpression in E7-expressing cells does not appear to result from pRB degradation, but from the induction of histone demethylases by HPV E7 . Although p16 INK4a immunostaining has been correlated with the severity of cytological and histological abnormalities in cervical lesions, variations in interpretation and a lack of standardised methodologies has resulted in uncertainty regarding the most appropriate cut-offs for the analysis of P16 INK4a levels ). This dilemma is underscored by the fact that P16 INK4a expression can be upregulated in non-dysplastic cervical lesions, including common squamous metaplasia. Moreover, published studies for the diagnostic performance of P16 INK4a in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)infected patients remain limited ). In the present study, we assessed the expression of p16 INK4a in normal and abnormal cervical epithelium in HIV-positive and negative women and determined the diagnostic performance [receiving operating characteristics curve (ROC), sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV)] of P16 INK4a for detecting cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and invasive cervical cancer in tissue microarray (TMA) samples in each group.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/13025481" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2a10510842073e1410ba68bc4352f12e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45764322,"asset_id":13025481,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45764322/download_file?st=MTc0MDU4NjgyNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="40647878" href="https://independent.academia.edu/Jos%C3%A9LapaESilva">José Lapa E Silva</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="40647878" type="text/json">{"id":40647878,"first_name":"José Lapa E","last_name":"Silva","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JoséLapaESilva","display_name":"José Lapa E Silva","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/Jos%C3%A9LapaESilva?f_ri=6947","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-13025481">+3</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-13025481"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://fiocruz.academia.edu/FabioRussomano">Fabio Russomano</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/AndreaPires3">Andrea Pires</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/JonathanGolub">Jonathan Golub</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-13025481'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-13025481').html(); 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container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_13025481 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="13025481"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13025481; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=13025481]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_13025481").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_13025481").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="13025481"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6947" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology">Medical Microbiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6947" type="text/json">{"id":6947,"name":"Medical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12071" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunohistochemistry">Immunohistochemistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12071" type="text/json">{"id":12071,"name":"Immunohistochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunohistochemistry?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="39978" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/HIV">HIV</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="39978" type="text/json">{"id":39978,"name":"HIV","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/HIV?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="118339" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymerase_Chain_Reaction">Polymerase Chain Reaction</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="118339" type="text/json">{"id":118339,"name":"Polymerase Chain Reaction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymerase_Chain_Reaction?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=13025481]'), work: {"id":13025481,"title":"An evaluation of p16INK4a expression in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia specimens, including women with HIV-1","created_at":"2015-06-16T10:52:41.291-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/13025481/An_evaluation_of_p16INK4a_expression_in_cervical_intraepithelial_neoplasia_specimens_including_women_with_HIV_1?f_ri=6947","dom_id":"work_13025481","summary":"P16 INK4a is a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor that regulates the transition from the G1 to S phase and negatively influences cell proliferation in conjunction with other tumour suppressor proteins, such as the retinoblastoma gene (pRb) ). As pRb is functionally inactivated by the high-risk human papillo-human papilloma virus (HPV) oncoprotein E7, there is a concomitant overexpression of p16 INK4a . New data suggest that p16 overexpression in E7-expressing cells does not appear to result from pRB degradation, but from the induction of histone demethylases by HPV E7 . Although p16 INK4a immunostaining has been correlated with the severity of cytological and histological abnormalities in cervical lesions, variations in interpretation and a lack of standardised methodologies has resulted in uncertainty regarding the most appropriate cut-offs for the analysis of P16 INK4a levels ). This dilemma is underscored by the fact that P16 INK4a expression can be upregulated in non-dysplastic cervical lesions, including common squamous metaplasia. Moreover, published studies for the diagnostic performance of P16 INK4a in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)infected patients remain limited ). In the present study, we assessed the expression of p16 INK4a in normal and abnormal cervical epithelium in HIV-positive and negative women and determined the diagnostic performance [receiving operating characteristics curve (ROC), sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV)] of P16 INK4a for detecting cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and invasive cervical cancer in tissue microarray (TMA) samples in each group.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45764322,"asset_id":13025481,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":40647878,"first_name":"José Lapa E","last_name":"Silva","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JoséLapaESilva","display_name":"José Lapa E Silva","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/Jos%C3%A9LapaESilva?f_ri=6947","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":32544145,"first_name":"Fabio","last_name":"Russomano","domain_name":"fiocruz","page_name":"FabioRussomano","display_name":"Fabio Russomano","profile_url":"https://fiocruz.academia.edu/FabioRussomano?f_ri=6947","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":32318295,"first_name":"Andrea","last_name":"Pires","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AndreaPires3","display_name":"Andrea Pires","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AndreaPires3?f_ri=6947","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":32256050,"first_name":"Jonathan","last_name":"Golub","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JonathanGolub","display_name":"Jonathan Golub","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JonathanGolub?f_ri=6947","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":6947,"name":"Medical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":12071,"name":"Immunohistochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunohistochemistry?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":39978,"name":"HIV","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/HIV?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":118339,"name":"Polymerase Chain Reaction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymerase_Chain_Reaction?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":194916,"name":"ROC Curve","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ROC_Curve?f_ri=6947"},{"id":901876,"name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sensitivity_and_Specificity?f_ri=6947"},{"id":1199592,"name":"Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cervical_Intraepithelial_Neoplasia?f_ri=6947"},{"id":1318932,"name":"Predictive value of tests","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Predictive_value_of_tests?f_ri=6947"},{"id":1819399,"name":"Case Control Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Case_Control_Studies?f_ri=6947"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_19047146" data-work_id="19047146" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/19047146/Determine_TB_LAM_lateral_flow_urine_antigen_assay_for_HIV_associated_tuberculosis_Recommendations_on_the_design_and_reporting_of_clinical_studies">Determine TB-LAM lateral flow urine antigen assay for HIV-associated tuberculosis: Recommendations on the design and reporting of clinical studies</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Detection of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis cell wall antigen lipoarabinomannan (LAM) in urine permits diagnoses of tuberculosis (TB) to be made in HIV-infected patients with advanced immunodeficiency. This can be achieved at the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_19047146" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Detection of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis cell wall antigen lipoarabinomannan (LAM) in urine permits diagnoses of tuberculosis (TB) to be made in HIV-infected patients with advanced immunodeficiency. This can be achieved at the point-of-care within just 30 minutes using the Determine TB-LAM, which is a commercially available, lateral-flow urine 'strip test' assay. The assay has been shown to have useful diagnostic accuracy in patients enrolling in antiretroviral treatment services or in HIV-infected patients requiring admission to hospital medical wards in sub-Saharan Africa. Such patients have high mortality risk and have most to gain from rapid diagnosis of TB and immediate initiation of treatment. However, few studies using this assay have yet been reported and many questions remain concerning the correct use of the assay, interpretation of results, the role of the assay as an add-on test within existing diagnostic algorithms and the types of further studies needed. In this paper we address a series of questions with the aim of informing the design, conduct and interpretation of future studies. Specifically, we clarify which clinical populations are most likely to derive benefit from use of this assay and how patients enrolled in such studies might best be characterised. We describe the importance of employing a rigorous microbiological diagnostic reference standard in studies of diagnostic accuracy and discuss issues surrounding the specificity of the assay in different geographical areas and potential cross-reactivity with non-tuberculous mycobacteria and other organisms. We highlight the importance of careful procedures for urine collection and storage and the critical issue of how to read and interpret the test strips. Finally, we consider how the assay could be used in combination with other assays and outline the types of studies that are required to build the evidence base concerning its use.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/19047146" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="337e8e6700058168e3b43a89f264ed81" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":40401265,"asset_id":19047146,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40401265/download_file?st=MTc0MDU4NjgyNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1283115" href="https://uct.academia.edu/JonathanPeter">Jonathan Peter</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1283115" type="text/json">{"id":1283115,"first_name":"Jonathan","last_name":"Peter","domain_name":"uct","page_name":"JonathanPeter","display_name":"Jonathan Peter","profile_url":"https://uct.academia.edu/JonathanPeter?f_ri=6947","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1283115/10825914/12082541/s65_jonathan.peter.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_19047146 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="19047146"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 19047146, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_19047146", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=19047146]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_19047146").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_19047146").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="19047146"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="159" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology">Microbiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="159" type="text/json">{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6947" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology">Medical Microbiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6947" type="text/json">{"id":6947,"name":"Medical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="62235" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tuberculosis">Tuberculosis</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="62235" type="text/json">{"id":62235,"name":"Tuberculosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tuberculosis?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="68318" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mycobacterium_tuberculosis">Mycobacterium tuberculosis</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="68318" type="text/json">{"id":68318,"name":"Mycobacterium tuberculosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mycobacterium_tuberculosis?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=19047146]'), work: {"id":19047146,"title":"Determine TB-LAM lateral flow urine antigen assay for HIV-associated tuberculosis: Recommendations on the design and reporting of clinical studies","created_at":"2015-11-26T07:33:48.077-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/19047146/Determine_TB_LAM_lateral_flow_urine_antigen_assay_for_HIV_associated_tuberculosis_Recommendations_on_the_design_and_reporting_of_clinical_studies?f_ri=6947","dom_id":"work_19047146","summary":"Detection of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis cell wall antigen lipoarabinomannan (LAM) in urine permits diagnoses of tuberculosis (TB) to be made in HIV-infected patients with advanced immunodeficiency. This can be achieved at the point-of-care within just 30 minutes using the Determine TB-LAM, which is a commercially available, lateral-flow urine 'strip test' assay. The assay has been shown to have useful diagnostic accuracy in patients enrolling in antiretroviral treatment services or in HIV-infected patients requiring admission to hospital medical wards in sub-Saharan Africa. Such patients have high mortality risk and have most to gain from rapid diagnosis of TB and immediate initiation of treatment. However, few studies using this assay have yet been reported and many questions remain concerning the correct use of the assay, interpretation of results, the role of the assay as an add-on test within existing diagnostic algorithms and the types of further studies needed. In this paper we address a series of questions with the aim of informing the design, conduct and interpretation of future studies. Specifically, we clarify which clinical populations are most likely to derive benefit from use of this assay and how patients enrolled in such studies might best be characterised. We describe the importance of employing a rigorous microbiological diagnostic reference standard in studies of diagnostic accuracy and discuss issues surrounding the specificity of the assay in different geographical areas and potential cross-reactivity with non-tuberculous mycobacteria and other organisms. We highlight the importance of careful procedures for urine collection and storage and the critical issue of how to read and interpret the test strips. Finally, we consider how the assay could be used in combination with other assays and outline the types of studies that are required to build the evidence base concerning its use.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":40401265,"asset_id":19047146,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1283115,"first_name":"Jonathan","last_name":"Peter","domain_name":"uct","page_name":"JonathanPeter","display_name":"Jonathan Peter","profile_url":"https://uct.academia.edu/JonathanPeter?f_ri=6947","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1283115/10825914/12082541/s65_jonathan.peter.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":6947,"name":"Medical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":62235,"name":"Tuberculosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tuberculosis?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":68318,"name":"Mycobacterium tuberculosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mycobacterium_tuberculosis?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=6947"},{"id":335983,"name":"Lipopolysaccharides","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lipopolysaccharides?f_ri=6947"},{"id":837135,"name":"Cell Wall","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_Wall?f_ri=6947"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1639641" data-work_id="1639641" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1639641/Effect_of_salinity_on_nodulation_nitrogen_fixation_and_growth_of_common_bean_Phaseolus_vulgaris_inoculated_with_rhizobial_strains_isolated_from_the_Haouz_region_of_">Effect of salinity on nodulation, nitrogen fixation and growth of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) inoculated with rhizobial strains isolated from the Haouz region of …</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This study compared growth, nodulation, nitrogen fixation, and nodular enzyme activities in response to salinity in some common bean-rhizobia symbiotic combinations. Seeds of Paulista and Efequince, two varieties of the common bean... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_1639641" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This study compared growth, nodulation, nitrogen fixation, and nodular enzyme activities in response to salinity in some common bean-rhizobia symbiotic combinations. Seeds of Paulista and Efequince, two varieties of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) were germinated and seedlings were transferred to pots containing vermiculite inoculated with the reference Rhizobium strain CIAT899 or with RhM11 or RhM14, two local strains. Plants were grown in a temperature-controlled glasshouse at 28°C and irrigated with a nutrient solution without NaCl (control) or supplemented with 25 mM NaCl (stressed). Plants were harvested at the flowering stage. The results showed that in controls, inoculation with RhM11 improved plant and nodule growth compared with those inoculated with RhM14 and CIAT 899. NaCl treatment generally had a negative affect on plant and nodule growth. Under the saline treatment, symbiotic nitrogen fixation was not significantly affected in the CIAT899-Paulista, CIAT899-Efequince and RhM11-Paulista combinations. Plant mineral nutrition was negatively affected under salt treatment for all of the tested symbiotic combinations. Inoculation with CIAT899 and RhM11 conferred more plant tolerance to salinity than inoculation with RhM14. The nodular phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) exhibited higher activities and were less affected by salinity in plants inoculated with the reference strain CIAT899 than those inoculated with local strains. We conclude that plants inoculated with CIAT899 and RhM11 showed more salinity stress tolerance than those inoculated with RhM14.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1639641" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b52223ab0f5b74bcd64d5f1439ddea87" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50889311,"asset_id":1639641,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50889311/download_file?st=MTc0MDU4NjgyNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1918235" href="https://fsa-ma.academia.edu/MustaphaFaghire">Mustapha Faghire</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1918235" type="text/json">{"id":1918235,"first_name":"Mustapha","last_name":"Faghire","domain_name":"fsa-ma","page_name":"MustaphaFaghire","display_name":"Mustapha Faghire","profile_url":"https://fsa-ma.academia.edu/MustaphaFaghire?f_ri=6947","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1918235/648244/803553/s65_mustapha.faghire.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1639641 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1639641"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1639641, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_1639641", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1639641]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_1639641").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_1639641").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="1639641"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="159" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology">Microbiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="159" type="text/json">{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6947" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology">Medical Microbiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6947" type="text/json">{"id":6947,"name":"Medical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7043" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Symbiosis">Symbiosis</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="7043" type="text/json">{"id":7043,"name":"Symbiosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Symbiosis?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=1639641]'), work: {"id":1639641,"title":"Effect of salinity on nodulation, nitrogen fixation and growth of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) inoculated with rhizobial strains isolated from the Haouz region of …","created_at":"2012-06-10T02:01:28.679-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/1639641/Effect_of_salinity_on_nodulation_nitrogen_fixation_and_growth_of_common_bean_Phaseolus_vulgaris_inoculated_with_rhizobial_strains_isolated_from_the_Haouz_region_of_?f_ri=6947","dom_id":"work_1639641","summary":"This study compared growth, nodulation, nitrogen fixation, and nodular enzyme activities in response to salinity in some common bean-rhizobia symbiotic combinations. Seeds of Paulista and Efequince, two varieties of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) were germinated and seedlings were transferred to pots containing vermiculite inoculated with the reference Rhizobium strain CIAT899 or with RhM11 or RhM14, two local strains. Plants were grown in a temperature-controlled glasshouse at 28°C and irrigated with a nutrient solution without NaCl (control) or supplemented with 25 mM NaCl (stressed). Plants were harvested at the flowering stage. The results showed that in controls, inoculation with RhM11 improved plant and nodule growth compared with those inoculated with RhM14 and CIAT 899. NaCl treatment generally had a negative affect on plant and nodule growth. Under the saline treatment, symbiotic nitrogen fixation was not significantly affected in the CIAT899-Paulista, CIAT899-Efequince and RhM11-Paulista combinations. Plant mineral nutrition was negatively affected under salt treatment for all of the tested symbiotic combinations. Inoculation with CIAT899 and RhM11 conferred more plant tolerance to salinity than inoculation with RhM14. The nodular phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) exhibited higher activities and were less affected by salinity in plants inoculated with the reference strain CIAT899 than those inoculated with local strains. We conclude that plants inoculated with CIAT899 and RhM11 showed more salinity stress tolerance than those inoculated with RhM14.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50889311,"asset_id":1639641,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1918235,"first_name":"Mustapha","last_name":"Faghire","domain_name":"fsa-ma","page_name":"MustaphaFaghire","display_name":"Mustapha Faghire","profile_url":"https://fsa-ma.academia.edu/MustaphaFaghire?f_ri=6947","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1918235/648244/803553/s65_mustapha.faghire.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":6947,"name":"Medical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":7043,"name":"Symbiosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Symbiosis?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_19857951 coauthored" data-work_id="19857951" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/19857951/Improving_uptake_and_use_of_malaria_rapid_diagnostic_tests_in_the_context_of_artemisinin_drug_resistance_containment_in_eastern_Myanmar_an_evaluation_of_incentive_schemes_among_informal_private_healthcare_providers">Improving uptake and use of malaria rapid diagnostic tests in the context of artemisinin drug resistance containment in eastern Myanmar: an evaluation of incentive schemes among informal private healthcare providers</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Background: As efforts to contain artemisinin resistance and eliminate Plasmodium falciparum intensify, the accurate diagnosis and prompt effective treatment of malaria are increasingly needed in Myanmar and the Greater Mekong Sub-region... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_19857951" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Background: As efforts to contain artemisinin resistance and eliminate Plasmodium falciparum intensify, the accurate diagnosis and prompt effective treatment of malaria are increasingly needed in Myanmar and the Greater Mekong Sub-region (GMS). Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) have been shown to be safe, feasible, and effective at promoting appropriate treatment for suspected malaria, which are of particular importance to drug resistance containment. The informal private sector is often the first point of care for fever cases in malaria endemic areas across Myanmar and the GMS, but there is little published information about informal private provider practices, quality of service provision, or potential to contribute to malaria control and elimination efforts. This study tested different incentives to increase RDT use and improve the quality of care among informal private healthcare providers in Myanmar.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/19857951" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d49d2ba0497f022856c1536bdba14ea2" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":41285594,"asset_id":19857951,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41285594/download_file?st=MTc0MDU4NjgyNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="40654734" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HninSuSuKhin">Hnin Su Su Khin</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="40654734" type="text/json">{"id":40654734,"first_name":"Hnin Su Su","last_name":"Khin","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"HninSuSuKhin","display_name":"Hnin Su Su Khin","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/HninSuSuKhin?f_ri=6947","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-19857951">+2</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-19857951"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/AungSan6">Aung San</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://manchester.academia.edu/ThaungHlaing">Thaung Hlaing</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-19857951'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-19857951').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_19857951 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="19857951"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 19857951, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_19857951", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_19857951 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 19857951; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_19857951"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_19857951 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="19857951"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 19857951; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=19857951]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_19857951").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_19857951").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="19857951"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6947" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology">Medical Microbiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6947" type="text/json">{"id":6947,"name":"Medical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7823" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaria">Malaria</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="7823" type="text/json">{"id":7823,"name":"Malaria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaria?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=19857951]'), work: {"id":19857951,"title":"Improving uptake and use of malaria rapid diagnostic tests in the context of artemisinin drug resistance containment in eastern Myanmar: an evaluation of incentive schemes among informal private healthcare providers","created_at":"2015-12-27T17:14:45.785-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/19857951/Improving_uptake_and_use_of_malaria_rapid_diagnostic_tests_in_the_context_of_artemisinin_drug_resistance_containment_in_eastern_Myanmar_an_evaluation_of_incentive_schemes_among_informal_private_healthcare_providers?f_ri=6947","dom_id":"work_19857951","summary":"Background: As efforts to contain artemisinin resistance and eliminate Plasmodium falciparum intensify, the accurate diagnosis and prompt effective treatment of malaria are increasingly needed in Myanmar and the Greater Mekong Sub-region (GMS). Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) have been shown to be safe, feasible, and effective at promoting appropriate treatment for suspected malaria, which are of particular importance to drug resistance containment. The informal private sector is often the first point of care for fever cases in malaria endemic areas across Myanmar and the GMS, but there is little published information about informal private provider practices, quality of service provision, or potential to contribute to malaria control and elimination efforts. This study tested different incentives to increase RDT use and improve the quality of care among informal private healthcare providers in Myanmar.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":41285594,"asset_id":19857951,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":40654734,"first_name":"Hnin Su Su","last_name":"Khin","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"HninSuSuKhin","display_name":"Hnin Su Su Khin","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/HninSuSuKhin?f_ri=6947","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":40946266,"first_name":"Aung","last_name":"San","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AungSan6","display_name":"Aung San","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AungSan6?f_ri=6947","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":49076297,"first_name":"Thaung","last_name":"Hlaing","domain_name":"manchester","page_name":"ThaungHlaing","display_name":"Thaung Hlaing","profile_url":"https://manchester.academia.edu/ThaungHlaing?f_ri=6947","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":6947,"name":"Medical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":7823,"name":"Malaria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaria?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_57555652" data-work_id="57555652" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/57555652/Lactobacillus_diolivorans_sp_nov_a_1_2_propanediol_degrading_bacterium_isolated_from_aerobically_stable_maize_silage">Lactobacillus diolivorans sp. nov., a 1,2-propanediol-degrading bacterium isolated from aerobically stable maize silage</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Inoculation of maize silage with Lactobacillus buchneri (5 x 10(5) c.f.u. g(-1) of maize silage) prior to ensiling results in the formation of aerobically stable silage. After 9 months, lactic acid bacterium counts are approximately... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_57555652" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Inoculation of maize silage with Lactobacillus buchneri (5 x 10(5) c.f.u. g(-1) of maize silage) prior to ensiling results in the formation of aerobically stable silage. After 9 months, lactic acid bacterium counts are approximately 10(10) c.f.u. g(-1) in these treated silages. An important subpopulation (5.9 x 10(7) c.f.u. g(-1)) is able to degrade 1,2-propanediol, a fermentation product of L. buchneri, under anoxic conditions to 1-propanol and propionic acid. From this group of 1,2-propanediol-fermenting, facultatively anaerobic, heterofermentative lactobacilli, two rod-shaped isolates were purified and characterized. Comparative 16S rDNA sequence analysis revealed that the newly isolated bacteria have identical 16S rDNA sequences and belong phylogenetically to the L. buchneri group. DNA-DNA hybridizations, whole-cell protein fingerprinting and examination of phenotypic properties indicated that these two isolates represent a novel species, for which the name Lactobacillus diolivo...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/57555652" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="11dd9508db912fa4053c7c5946f3eac0" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":72401164,"asset_id":57555652,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/72401164/download_file?st=MTc0MDU4NjgyNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32740961" href="https://ugent.academia.edu/JSwings">J. Swings</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32740961" type="text/json">{"id":32740961,"first_name":"J.","last_name":"Swings","domain_name":"ugent","page_name":"JSwings","display_name":"J. Swings","profile_url":"https://ugent.academia.edu/JSwings?f_ri=6947","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_57555652 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="57555652"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 57555652, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_57555652", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_57555652 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 57555652; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_57555652"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_57555652 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="57555652"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 57555652; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=57555652]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_57555652").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_57555652").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="57555652"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="155" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology">Evolutionary Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="155" type="text/json">{"id":155,"name":"Evolutionary Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="159" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology">Microbiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="159" type="text/json">{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6947" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology">Medical Microbiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6947" type="text/json">{"id":6947,"name":"Medical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="54433" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phylogeny">Phylogeny</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="54433" type="text/json">{"id":54433,"name":"Phylogeny","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phylogeny?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=57555652]'), work: {"id":57555652,"title":"Lactobacillus diolivorans sp. nov., a 1,2-propanediol-degrading bacterium isolated from aerobically stable maize silage","created_at":"2021-10-13T08:38:13.135-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/57555652/Lactobacillus_diolivorans_sp_nov_a_1_2_propanediol_degrading_bacterium_isolated_from_aerobically_stable_maize_silage?f_ri=6947","dom_id":"work_57555652","summary":"Inoculation of maize silage with Lactobacillus buchneri (5 x 10(5) c.f.u. g(-1) of maize silage) prior to ensiling results in the formation of aerobically stable silage. After 9 months, lactic acid bacterium counts are approximately 10(10) c.f.u. g(-1) in these treated silages. An important subpopulation (5.9 x 10(7) c.f.u. g(-1)) is able to degrade 1,2-propanediol, a fermentation product of L. buchneri, under anoxic conditions to 1-propanol and propionic acid. From this group of 1,2-propanediol-fermenting, facultatively anaerobic, heterofermentative lactobacilli, two rod-shaped isolates were purified and characterized. Comparative 16S rDNA sequence analysis revealed that the newly isolated bacteria have identical 16S rDNA sequences and belong phylogenetically to the L. buchneri group. DNA-DNA hybridizations, whole-cell protein fingerprinting and examination of phenotypic properties indicated that these two isolates represent a novel species, for which the name Lactobacillus diolivo...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":72401164,"asset_id":57555652,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32740961,"first_name":"J.","last_name":"Swings","domain_name":"ugent","page_name":"JSwings","display_name":"J. Swings","profile_url":"https://ugent.academia.edu/JSwings?f_ri=6947","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":155,"name":"Evolutionary Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":6947,"name":"Medical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":54433,"name":"Phylogeny","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phylogeny?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":102667,"name":"Propanol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Propanol?f_ri=6947"},{"id":103360,"name":"Nucleic acid hybridization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nucleic_acid_hybridization?f_ri=6947"},{"id":106368,"name":"Lactobacillus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lactobacillus?f_ri=6947"},{"id":370863,"name":"Zea mays","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zea_mays?f_ri=6947"},{"id":441349,"name":"Systematic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Systematic?f_ri=6947"},{"id":1135977,"name":"Propylene Glycol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Propylene_Glycol?f_ri=6947"},{"id":1551870,"name":"Silage","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Silage?f_ri=6947"},{"id":2467566,"name":"Molecular Sequence Data","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Sequence_Data?f_ri=6947"},{"id":3300883,"name":"maize silage","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/maize_silage?f_ri=6947"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_21775648" data-work_id="21775648" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/21775648/Nanobodies_New_ammunition_to_battle_viruses">Nanobodies®: New ammunition to battle viruses</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In 1989, a new type of antibody was identified, first in the sera of dromedaries and later also in all other species of the Camelidae family. These antibodies do not contain a light chain and also lack the first constant heavy domain.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_21775648" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In 1989, a new type of antibody was identified, first in the sera of dromedaries and later also in all other species of the Camelidae family. These antibodies do not contain a light chain and also lack the first constant heavy domain. Today it is still unclear what the evolutionary advantage of such heavy chain-only antibodies could be. In sharp contrast, the broad applicability of the isolated variable antigen-binding domains (VHH) was rapidly recognized, especially for the development of therapeutic proteins, called Nanobodies Ò . Here we summarize first some of the unique characteristics and features of VHHs. These will next be described in the context of different experimental therapeutic applications of Nanobodies against different viruses: HIV, Hepatitis B virus, influenza virus, Respiratory Syncytial virus, Rabies virus, FMDV, Poliovirus, Rotavirus, and PERVs. Next, the diagnostic application of VHHs (Vaccinia virus, Marburg virus and plant Tulip virus X), as well as an industrial application (lytic lactococcal 936 phage) will be described. In addition, the described data show that monovalent Nanobodies can possess unique characteristics not observed with conventional antibodies. The straightforward formatting into bivalent, multivalent, and/or multispecific Nanobodies allowed tailoring molecules for potency and cross-reactivity against viral targets with high sequence diversity.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/21775648" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="857034abef32c8cc0ac72cb4dd39ec90" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":42542847,"asset_id":21775648,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42542847/download_file?st=MTc0MDU4NjgyNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="42989782" href="https://independent.academia.edu/LorenaIbanez">Lorena Ibanez</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="42989782" type="text/json">{"id":42989782,"first_name":"Lorena","last_name":"Ibanez","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"LorenaIbanez","display_name":"Lorena Ibanez","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LorenaIbanez?f_ri=6947","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/42989782/76936983/65467723/s65_lorena.ibanez.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_21775648 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="21775648"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 21775648, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_21775648", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_21775648 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 21775648; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_21775648"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_21775648 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="21775648"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 21775648; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=21775648]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_21775648").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_21775648").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="21775648"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6947" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology">Medical Microbiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6947" type="text/json">{"id":6947,"name":"Medical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="40279" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Influenza_virus">Influenza virus</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="40279" type="text/json">{"id":40279,"name":"Influenza virus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Influenza_virus?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="115707" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Viruses">Viruses</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="115707" type="text/json">{"id":115707,"name":"Viruses","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Viruses?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="208136" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Respiratory_Syncytial_Virus">Respiratory Syncytial Virus</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="208136" type="text/json">{"id":208136,"name":"Respiratory Syncytial Virus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Respiratory_Syncytial_Virus?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=21775648]'), work: {"id":21775648,"title":"Nanobodies®: New ammunition to battle viruses","created_at":"2016-02-10T07:18:39.481-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/21775648/Nanobodies_New_ammunition_to_battle_viruses?f_ri=6947","dom_id":"work_21775648","summary":"In 1989, a new type of antibody was identified, first in the sera of dromedaries and later also in all other species of the Camelidae family. These antibodies do not contain a light chain and also lack the first constant heavy domain. Today it is still unclear what the evolutionary advantage of such heavy chain-only antibodies could be. In sharp contrast, the broad applicability of the isolated variable antigen-binding domains (VHH) was rapidly recognized, especially for the development of therapeutic proteins, called Nanobodies Ò . Here we summarize first some of the unique characteristics and features of VHHs. These will next be described in the context of different experimental therapeutic applications of Nanobodies against different viruses: HIV, Hepatitis B virus, influenza virus, Respiratory Syncytial virus, Rabies virus, FMDV, Poliovirus, Rotavirus, and PERVs. Next, the diagnostic application of VHHs (Vaccinia virus, Marburg virus and plant Tulip virus X), as well as an industrial application (lytic lactococcal 936 phage) will be described. In addition, the described data show that monovalent Nanobodies can possess unique characteristics not observed with conventional antibodies. The straightforward formatting into bivalent, multivalent, and/or multispecific Nanobodies allowed tailoring molecules for potency and cross-reactivity against viral targets with high sequence diversity.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":42542847,"asset_id":21775648,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":42989782,"first_name":"Lorena","last_name":"Ibanez","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"LorenaIbanez","display_name":"Lorena Ibanez","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LorenaIbanez?f_ri=6947","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/42989782/76936983/65467723/s65_lorena.ibanez.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":6947,"name":"Medical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":40279,"name":"Influenza virus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Influenza_virus?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":115707,"name":"Viruses","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Viruses?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":208136,"name":"Respiratory Syncytial Virus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Respiratory_Syncytial_Virus?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":245964,"name":"Industrial Application","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Industrial_Application?f_ri=6947"},{"id":561002,"name":"Vaccinia Virus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vaccinia_Virus?f_ri=6947"},{"id":792401,"name":"Antiviral","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antiviral?f_ri=6947"},{"id":825565,"name":"Hepatitis B virus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hepatitis_B_virus?f_ri=6947"},{"id":1007684,"name":"Virus diseases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virus_diseases?f_ri=6947"},{"id":1010136,"name":"Rabies Virus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rabies_Virus?f_ri=6947"},{"id":1312081,"name":"Light chain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Light_chain?f_ri=6947"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_27832476" data-work_id="27832476" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/27832476/Comparative_and_functional_genomics_of_lactococci">Comparative and functional genomics of lactococci</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Whole-genome nucleotide sequencing has revolutionized the genetic, biochemical and molecular biology research on bacteria and indeed, many higher organisms. The genome sequences of the strains of two subspecies of Lactococcus lactis, L.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_27832476" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Whole-genome nucleotide sequencing has revolutionized the genetic, biochemical and molecular biology research on bacteria and indeed, many higher organisms. The genome sequences of the strains of two subspecies of Lactococcus lactis, L. lactis subsp. lactis and L. lactis subsp. cremoris, have been determined. These genomic sequences have permitted two important new approaches to be applied in the research of L. lactis. The analysis of the regulation of expression of all genes under specific circumstances at a given point in time is now possible by DNA microarray technology. The elucidation of the full protein complement of the organism as a function of intrinsic or external factors has been made possible by high-throughput protein identification and analysis techniques combined with the gene-derived know-how of the total protein encoding capacity of the genome. These techniques from the genomics arena, transcriptomics and proteomics, have been recently implemented in the study of various aspects of growth and functioning of L. lactis. In this paper we discuss a number of similarities and differences between the two lactococcal genome sequences and review the current status of genomics research in L. lactis. We also propose future directions with respect to both answering fundamental questions more quickly and more completely, as well as opening new avenues for biotechnological applications.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/27832476" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6000253b051f3f14959548854fb7f66a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48116426,"asset_id":27832476,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48116426/download_file?st=MTc0MDU4NjgyNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="52083039" href="https://independent.academia.edu/GBuist">G. Buist</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="52083039" type="text/json">{"id":52083039,"first_name":"G.","last_name":"Buist","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"GBuist","display_name":"G. Buist","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GBuist?f_ri=6947","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_27832476 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="27832476"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 27832476, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_27832476", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_27832476 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 27832476; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_27832476"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_27832476 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="27832476"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 27832476; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=27832476]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_27832476").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_27832476").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="27832476"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="156" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetics">Genetics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="156" type="text/json">{"id":156,"name":"Genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetics?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="159" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology">Microbiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="159" type="text/json">{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2513" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Biology">Molecular Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2513" type="text/json">{"id":2513,"name":"Molecular Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Biology?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4341" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transcriptomics">Transcriptomics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="4341" type="text/json">{"id":4341,"name":"Transcriptomics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transcriptomics?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=27832476]'), work: {"id":27832476,"title":"Comparative and functional genomics of lactococci","created_at":"2016-08-17T04:53:31.190-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/27832476/Comparative_and_functional_genomics_of_lactococci?f_ri=6947","dom_id":"work_27832476","summary":"Whole-genome nucleotide sequencing has revolutionized the genetic, biochemical and molecular biology research on bacteria and indeed, many higher organisms. The genome sequences of the strains of two subspecies of Lactococcus lactis, L. lactis subsp. lactis and L. lactis subsp. cremoris, have been determined. These genomic sequences have permitted two important new approaches to be applied in the research of L. lactis. The analysis of the regulation of expression of all genes under specific circumstances at a given point in time is now possible by DNA microarray technology. The elucidation of the full protein complement of the organism as a function of intrinsic or external factors has been made possible by high-throughput protein identification and analysis techniques combined with the gene-derived know-how of the total protein encoding capacity of the genome. These techniques from the genomics arena, transcriptomics and proteomics, have been recently implemented in the study of various aspects of growth and functioning of L. lactis. In this paper we discuss a number of similarities and differences between the two lactococcal genome sequences and review the current status of genomics research in L. lactis. We also propose future directions with respect to both answering fundamental questions more quickly and more completely, as well as opening new avenues for biotechnological applications.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":48116426,"asset_id":27832476,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":52083039,"first_name":"G.","last_name":"Buist","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"GBuist","display_name":"G. Buist","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GBuist?f_ri=6947","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":156,"name":"Genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetics?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":2513,"name":"Molecular Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Biology?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":4341,"name":"Transcriptomics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transcriptomics?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":6947,"name":"Medical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology?f_ri=6947"},{"id":9786,"name":"Proteomics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Proteomics?f_ri=6947"},{"id":30387,"name":"Functional Genomics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Functional_Genomics?f_ri=6947"},{"id":176486,"name":"Genome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genome?f_ri=6947"},{"id":371424,"name":"Genomic DNA","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genomic_DNA?f_ri=6947"},{"id":459378,"name":"Very high throughput","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Very_high_throughput?f_ri=6947"},{"id":732028,"name":"Genome sequence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genome_sequence?f_ri=6947"},{"id":1242119,"name":"Lactococcus lactis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lactococcus_lactis?f_ri=6947"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_17844522" data-work_id="17844522" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/17844522/Antagonistic_activities_of_lactobacilli_and_bifidobacteria_against_microbial_pathogens">Antagonistic activities of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria against microbial pathogens</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The gastrointestinal tract is a complex ecosystem that associates a resident microbiota and cells of various phenotypes lining the epithelial wall expressing complex metabolic activities. The resident microbiota in the digestive tract is... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_17844522" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The gastrointestinal tract is a complex ecosystem that associates a resident microbiota and cells of various phenotypes lining the epithelial wall expressing complex metabolic activities. The resident microbiota in the digestive tract is a heterogeneous microbial ecosystem containing up to 1 Â 10 14 colony-forming units (CFUs) of bacteria. The intestinal microbiota plays an important role in normal gut function and maintaining host health. The host is protected from attack by potentially harmful microbial microorganisms by the physical and chemical barriers created by the gastrointestinal epithelium. The cells lining the gastrointestinal epithelium and the resident microbiota are two partners that properly and/or synergistically function to promote an efficient host system of defence. The gastrointestinal cells that make up the epithelium, provide a physical barrier that protects the host against the unwanted intrusion of microorganisms into the gastrointestinal microbiota, and against the penetration of harmful microorganisms which usurp the cellular molecules and signalling pathways of the host to become pathogenic. One of the basic physiological functions of the resident microbiota is that it functions as a microbial barrier against microbial pathogens. The mechanisms by which the species of the microbiota exert this barrier effect remain largely to be determined. There is increasing evidence that lactobacilli and bifidobacteria, which inhabit the gastrointestinal microbiota, develop antimicrobial activities that participate in the host's gastrointestinal system of defence. The objective of this review is to analyze the in vitro and in vivo experimental and clinical studies in which the antimicrobial activities of selected lactobacilli and bifidobacteria strains have been documented.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/17844522" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="218991f46ec8e098a5a3cec8e26739be" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":39740573,"asset_id":17844522,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/39740573/download_file?st=MTc0MDU4NjgyNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="37691939" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AlainServin">Alain L Servin</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="37691939" type="text/json">{"id":37691939,"first_name":"Alain","last_name":"Servin","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AlainServin","display_name":"Alain L Servin","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AlainServin?f_ri=6947","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_17844522 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="17844522"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 17844522, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_17844522", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=17844522]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_17844522").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_17844522").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="17844522"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="159" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology">Microbiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="159" type="text/json">{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6947" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology">Medical Microbiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6947" type="text/json">{"id":6947,"name":"Medical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="106368" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lactobacillus">Lactobacillus</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="106368" type="text/json">{"id":106368,"name":"Lactobacillus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lactobacillus?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="113903" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bacteria">Bacteria</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="113903" type="text/json">{"id":113903,"name":"Bacteria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bacteria?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=17844522]'), work: {"id":17844522,"title":"Antagonistic activities of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria against microbial pathogens","created_at":"2015-11-06T00:00:23.582-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/17844522/Antagonistic_activities_of_lactobacilli_and_bifidobacteria_against_microbial_pathogens?f_ri=6947","dom_id":"work_17844522","summary":"The gastrointestinal tract is a complex ecosystem that associates a resident microbiota and cells of various phenotypes lining the epithelial wall expressing complex metabolic activities. The resident microbiota in the digestive tract is a heterogeneous microbial ecosystem containing up to 1 Â 10 14 colony-forming units (CFUs) of bacteria. The intestinal microbiota plays an important role in normal gut function and maintaining host health. The host is protected from attack by potentially harmful microbial microorganisms by the physical and chemical barriers created by the gastrointestinal epithelium. The cells lining the gastrointestinal epithelium and the resident microbiota are two partners that properly and/or synergistically function to promote an efficient host system of defence. The gastrointestinal cells that make up the epithelium, provide a physical barrier that protects the host against the unwanted intrusion of microorganisms into the gastrointestinal microbiota, and against the penetration of harmful microorganisms which usurp the cellular molecules and signalling pathways of the host to become pathogenic. One of the basic physiological functions of the resident microbiota is that it functions as a microbial barrier against microbial pathogens. The mechanisms by which the species of the microbiota exert this barrier effect remain largely to be determined. There is increasing evidence that lactobacilli and bifidobacteria, which inhabit the gastrointestinal microbiota, develop antimicrobial activities that participate in the host's gastrointestinal system of defence. The objective of this review is to analyze the in vitro and in vivo experimental and clinical studies in which the antimicrobial activities of selected lactobacilli and bifidobacteria strains have been documented.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":39740573,"asset_id":17844522,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":37691939,"first_name":"Alain","last_name":"Servin","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AlainServin","display_name":"Alain L Servin","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AlainServin?f_ri=6947","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":6947,"name":"Medical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":106368,"name":"Lactobacillus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lactobacillus?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":113903,"name":"Bacteria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bacteria?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":158884,"name":"Urinary Tract Infections","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urinary_Tract_Infections?f_ri=6947"},{"id":274826,"name":"Hydrogen Peroxide","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hydrogen_Peroxide?f_ri=6947"},{"id":335984,"name":"Anti-Bacterial Agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anti-Bacterial_Agents?f_ri=6947"},{"id":346271,"name":"Rotavirus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rotavirus?f_ri=6947"},{"id":537759,"name":"Gastrointestinal Tract","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gastrointestinal_Tract?f_ri=6947"},{"id":564340,"name":"Surface Active Agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Surface_Active_Agents?f_ri=6947"},{"id":587528,"name":"Bacterial infections","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bacterial_infections?f_ri=6947"},{"id":1109980,"name":"Bacterial Adhesion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bacterial_Adhesion?f_ri=6947"},{"id":1293961,"name":"Bifidobacterium","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bifidobacterium?f_ri=6947"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_18904693" data-work_id="18904693" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/18904693/Fusarium_dimerum_as_a_cause_of_human_eye_infections">Fusarium dimerum as a cause of human eye infections</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/18904693" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="bd5db80d1924726306420078b7e2cb03" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":40320976,"asset_id":18904693,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40320976/download_file?st=MTc0MDU4NjgyNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32891316" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HesterVismer">Hester Vismer</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32891316" type="text/json">{"id":32891316,"first_name":"Hester","last_name":"Vismer","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"HesterVismer","display_name":"Hester Vismer","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/HesterVismer?f_ri=6947","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/32891316/10717872/11964615/s65_hester.vismer.jpg_oh_57ac63a030ae2a6f35785756bd55587c_oe_56f9d4d5"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_18904693 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="18904693"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 18904693, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_18904693", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_18904693 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 18904693; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_18904693"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_18904693 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="18904693"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 18904693; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=18904693]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_18904693").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_18904693").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="18904693"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6947" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology">Medical Microbiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6947" type="text/json">{"id":6947,"name":"Medical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10655" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scanning_Electron_Microscopy">Scanning Electron Microscopy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10655" type="text/json">{"id":10655,"name":"Scanning Electron Microscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scanning_Electron_Microscopy?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28594" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Mycology">Medical Mycology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="28594" type="text/json">{"id":28594,"name":"Medical Mycology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Mycology?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="61866" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Africa">South Africa</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="61866" type="text/json">{"id":61866,"name":"South Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Africa?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=18904693]'), work: {"id":18904693,"title":"Fusarium dimerum as a cause of human eye infections","created_at":"2015-11-24T00:02:36.092-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/18904693/Fusarium_dimerum_as_a_cause_of_human_eye_infections?f_ri=6947","dom_id":"work_18904693","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":40320976,"asset_id":18904693,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32891316,"first_name":"Hester","last_name":"Vismer","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"HesterVismer","display_name":"Hester Vismer","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/HesterVismer?f_ri=6947","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/32891316/10717872/11964615/s65_hester.vismer.jpg_oh_57ac63a030ae2a6f35785756bd55587c_oe_56f9d4d5"}],"research_interests":[{"id":6947,"name":"Medical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":10655,"name":"Scanning Electron Microscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scanning_Electron_Microscopy?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":28594,"name":"Medical Mycology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Mycology?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":61866,"name":"South Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Africa?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":73618,"name":"Fusarium","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fusarium?f_ri=6947"},{"id":175778,"name":"Corneal Ulcer Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Corneal_Ulcer_Management?f_ri=6947"},{"id":1846731,"name":"Keratitis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Keratitis?f_ri=6947"},{"id":2036633,"name":"Medical","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical?f_ri=6947"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_22470279 coauthored" data-work_id="22470279" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/22470279/The_GLEaMviz_computational_tool_a_publicly_available_software_to_explore_realistic_epidemic_spreading_scenarios_at_the_global_scale">The GLEaMviz computational tool, a publicly available software to explore realistic epidemic spreading scenarios at the global scale</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Background: Computational models play an increasingly important role in the assessment and control of public health crises, as demonstrated during the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic. Much research has been done in recent years in the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_22470279" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Background: Computational models play an increasingly important role in the assessment and control of public health crises, as demonstrated during the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic. Much research has been done in recent years in the development of sophisticated data-driven models for realistic computer-based simulations of infectious disease spreading. However, only a few computational tools are presently available for assessing scenarios, predicting epidemic evolutions, and managing health emergencies that can benefit a broad audience of users including policy makers and health institutions. Results: We present "GLEaMviz", a publicly available software system that simulates the spread of emerging human-to-human infectious diseases across the world. The GLEaMviz tool comprises three components: the client application, the proxy middleware, and the simulation engine. The latter two components constitute the GLEaMviz server. The simulation engine leverages on the Global Epidemic and Mobility (GLEaM) framework, a stochastic computational scheme that integrates worldwide high-resolution demographic and mobility data to simulate disease spread on the global scale. The GLEaMviz design aims at maximizing flexibility in defining the disease compartmental model and configuring the simulation scenario; it allows the user to set a variety of parameters including: compartment-specific features, transition values, and environmental effects. The output is a dynamic map and a corresponding set of charts that quantitatively describe the geo-temporal evolution of the disease. The software is designed as a client-server system. The multi-platform client, which can be installed on the user's local machine, is used to set up simulations that will be executed on the server, thus avoiding specific requirements for large computational capabilities on the user side. Conclusions: The user-friendly graphical interface of the GLEaMviz tool, along with its high level of detail and the realism of its embedded modeling approach, opens up the platform to simulate realistic epidemic scenarios. These features make the GLEaMviz computational tool a convenient teaching/training tool as well as a first step toward the development of a computational tool aimed at facilitating the use and exploitation of computational models for the policy making and scenario analysis of infectious disease outbreaks.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/22470279" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f55e9e5047061c9bd707f6ecc078768c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":43091287,"asset_id":22470279,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/43091287/download_file?st=MTc0MDU4NjgyNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="230813" href="https://polimi.academia.edu/MarcoQuaggiotto">Marco Quaggiotto</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="230813" type="text/json">{"id":230813,"first_name":"Marco","last_name":"Quaggiotto","domain_name":"polimi","page_name":"MarcoQuaggiotto","display_name":"Marco Quaggiotto","profile_url":"https://polimi.academia.edu/MarcoQuaggiotto?f_ri=6947","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-22470279">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-22470279"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://univ-amu.academia.edu/BrunoGoncalves">Bruno Goncalves</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-22470279'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-22470279').html(); 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container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_22470279 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="22470279"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 22470279; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=22470279]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_22470279").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_22470279").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="22470279"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="159" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology">Microbiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="159" type="text/json">{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6947" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology">Medical Microbiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6947" type="text/json">{"id":6947,"name":"Medical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="13734" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Communicable_Diseases">Communicable Diseases</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="13734" type="text/json">{"id":13734,"name":"Communicable Diseases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Communicable_Diseases?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="53293" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Software">Software</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="53293" type="text/json">{"id":53293,"name":"Software","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Software?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=22470279]'), work: {"id":22470279,"title":"The GLEaMviz computational tool, a publicly available software to explore realistic epidemic spreading scenarios at the global scale","created_at":"2016-02-26T03:08:51.014-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/22470279/The_GLEaMviz_computational_tool_a_publicly_available_software_to_explore_realistic_epidemic_spreading_scenarios_at_the_global_scale?f_ri=6947","dom_id":"work_22470279","summary":"Background: Computational models play an increasingly important role in the assessment and control of public health crises, as demonstrated during the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic. Much research has been done in recent years in the development of sophisticated data-driven models for realistic computer-based simulations of infectious disease spreading. However, only a few computational tools are presently available for assessing scenarios, predicting epidemic evolutions, and managing health emergencies that can benefit a broad audience of users including policy makers and health institutions. Results: We present \"GLEaMviz\", a publicly available software system that simulates the spread of emerging human-to-human infectious diseases across the world. The GLEaMviz tool comprises three components: the client application, the proxy middleware, and the simulation engine. The latter two components constitute the GLEaMviz server. The simulation engine leverages on the Global Epidemic and Mobility (GLEaM) framework, a stochastic computational scheme that integrates worldwide high-resolution demographic and mobility data to simulate disease spread on the global scale. The GLEaMviz design aims at maximizing flexibility in defining the disease compartmental model and configuring the simulation scenario; it allows the user to set a variety of parameters including: compartment-specific features, transition values, and environmental effects. The output is a dynamic map and a corresponding set of charts that quantitatively describe the geo-temporal evolution of the disease. The software is designed as a client-server system. The multi-platform client, which can be installed on the user's local machine, is used to set up simulations that will be executed on the server, thus avoiding specific requirements for large computational capabilities on the user side. Conclusions: The user-friendly graphical interface of the GLEaMviz tool, along with its high level of detail and the realism of its embedded modeling approach, opens up the platform to simulate realistic epidemic scenarios. These features make the GLEaMviz computational tool a convenient teaching/training tool as well as a first step toward the development of a computational tool aimed at facilitating the use and exploitation of computational models for the policy making and scenario analysis of infectious disease outbreaks.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":43091287,"asset_id":22470279,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":230813,"first_name":"Marco","last_name":"Quaggiotto","domain_name":"polimi","page_name":"MarcoQuaggiotto","display_name":"Marco Quaggiotto","profile_url":"https://polimi.academia.edu/MarcoQuaggiotto?f_ri=6947","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":177600,"first_name":"Bruno","last_name":"Goncalves","domain_name":"univ-amu","page_name":"BrunoGoncalves","display_name":"Bruno Goncalves","profile_url":"https://univ-amu.academia.edu/BrunoGoncalves?f_ri=6947","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":6947,"name":"Medical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":13734,"name":"Communicable Diseases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Communicable_Diseases?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":53293,"name":"Software","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Software?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":69542,"name":"Computer Simulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Simulation?f_ri=6947"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=6947"},{"id":594653,"name":"Pandemics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pandemics?f_ri=6947"},{"id":876952,"name":"Communicable disease control","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Communicable_disease_control?f_ri=6947"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_28490364 coauthored" data-work_id="28490364" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/28490364/Mobile_genetic_elements_the_agents_of_open_source_evolution">Mobile genetic elements: the agents of open source evolution</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/28490364" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9dd111e4b9a949431f9817b4a85c9ee4" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48838381,"asset_id":28490364,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48838381/download_file?st=MTc0MDU4NjgyNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="15811561" href="https://uga.academia.edu/AnneSummers">Anne Summers</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="15811561" type="text/json">{"id":15811561,"first_name":"Anne","last_name":"Summers","domain_name":"uga","page_name":"AnneSummers","display_name":"Anne Summers","profile_url":"https://uga.academia.edu/AnneSummers?f_ri=6947","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-28490364">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-28490364"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/AToussaint1">A. Toussaint</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-28490364'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-28490364').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_28490364 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="28490364"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 28490364, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_28490364", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_28490364 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 28490364; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_28490364"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_28490364 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="28490364"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 28490364; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=28490364]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_28490364").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_28490364").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="28490364"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">51</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="140" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacology">Pharmacology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="140" type="text/json">{"id":140,"name":"Pharmacology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacology?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="145" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biochemistry">Biochemistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="145" type="text/json">{"id":145,"name":"Biochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biochemistry?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="146" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioinformatics">Bioinformatics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="146" type="text/json">{"id":146,"name":"Bioinformatics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioinformatics?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="155" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology">Evolutionary Biology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="155" type="text/json">{"id":155,"name":"Evolutionary Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=28490364]'), work: {"id":28490364,"title":"Mobile genetic elements: the agents of open source evolution","created_at":"2016-09-14T11:58:36.041-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/28490364/Mobile_genetic_elements_the_agents_of_open_source_evolution?f_ri=6947","dom_id":"work_28490364","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":48838381,"asset_id":28490364,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":15811561,"first_name":"Anne","last_name":"Summers","domain_name":"uga","page_name":"AnneSummers","display_name":"Anne Summers","profile_url":"https://uga.academia.edu/AnneSummers?f_ri=6947","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":53542249,"first_name":"A.","last_name":"Toussaint","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AToussaint1","display_name":"A. Toussaint","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AToussaint1?f_ri=6947","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":140,"name":"Pharmacology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacology?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":145,"name":"Biochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biochemistry?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":146,"name":"Bioinformatics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioinformatics?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":155,"name":"Evolutionary Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":156,"name":"Genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetics?f_ri=6947"},{"id":158,"name":"Marine Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Biology?f_ri=6947"},{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=6947"},{"id":161,"name":"Neuroscience","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroscience?f_ri=6947"},{"id":402,"name":"Environmental Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science?f_ri=6947"},{"id":409,"name":"Geophysics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geophysics?f_ri=6947"},{"id":498,"name":"Physics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physics?f_ri=6947"},{"id":511,"name":"Materials Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Materials_Science?f_ri=6947"},{"id":518,"name":"Quantum Physics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quantum_Physics?f_ri=6947"},{"id":1083,"name":"Developmental 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data-work_id="74804563" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/74804563/Editing_of_Neurotransmitter_Receptor_and_Ion_Channel_RNAs_in_the_Nervous_System">Editing of Neurotransmitter Receptor and Ion Channel RNAs in the Nervous System</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The central dogma of molecular biology defines the major route for the transfer of genetic information from genomic DNA to messenger RNA to three-dimensional proteins that affect structure and function. Like alternative splicing, the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_74804563" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The central dogma of molecular biology defines the major route for the transfer of genetic information from genomic DNA to messenger RNA to three-dimensional proteins that affect structure and function. Like alternative splicing, the post-transcriptional conversion of adenosine to inosine (A-to-I) by RNA editing can dramatically expand the diversity of the transcriptome to generate multiple, functionally distinct protein isoforms from a single genomic locus. While RNA editing has been identified in virtually all tissues, such post-transcriptional modifications have been best characterized in RNAs encoding both ligand-and voltage-gated ion channels and neurotransmitter receptors. 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u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Herbaspirillum seropedicae is an endophytic diazotrophic bacterium that associates with economically important crops. NifA protein, the transcriptional activator of nif genes in H. seropedicae, binds to nif promoters and, together with... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_79123796" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Herbaspirillum seropedicae is an endophytic diazotrophic bacterium that associates with economically important crops. NifA protein, the transcriptional activator of nif genes in H. seropedicae, binds to nif promoters and, together with RNA polymerase-s 54 holoenzyme, catalyzes the formation of open complexes to allow transcription initiation. The activity of H. seropedicae NifA is controlled by ammonium and oxygen levels, but the mechanisms of such control are unknown. Oxygen sensitivity is attributed to a conserved motif of cysteine residues in NifA that spans the central AAAþ domain and the interdomain linker that connects the AAAþ domain to the C-terminal DNA binding domain. Here we mutagenized this conserved motif of cysteines and assayed the activity of mutant proteins in vivo. We also purified the mutant variants of NifA and tested their capacity to bind to the nifB promoter region. Chimeric proteins between H. seropedicae NifA, an oxygen-sensitive protein, and Azotobacter vinelandii NifA, an oxygen-tolerant protein, were constructed and showed that the oxygen response is conferred by the central AAAþ and C-terminal DNA binding domains of H. seropedicae NifA. We conclude that the conserved cysteine motif is essential for NifA activity, although single cysteine-to-serine mutants are still competent at binding DNA.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/79123796" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2578ed4c82bb0bcdde77044dc1c6a752" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":85951717,"asset_id":79123796,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/85951717/download_file?st=MTc0MDU4NjgyOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32935990" href="https://ufpr.academia.edu/LedaChubatsu">Leda Chubatsu</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32935990" type="text/json">{"id":32935990,"first_name":"Leda","last_name":"Chubatsu","domain_name":"ufpr","page_name":"LedaChubatsu","display_name":"Leda Chubatsu","profile_url":"https://ufpr.academia.edu/LedaChubatsu?f_ri=6947","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_79123796 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="79123796"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 79123796, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_79123796", }); 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NifA protein, the transcriptional activator of nif genes in H. seropedicae, binds to nif promoters and, together with RNA polymerase-s 54 holoenzyme, catalyzes the formation of open complexes to allow transcription initiation. The activity of H. seropedicae NifA is controlled by ammonium and oxygen levels, but the mechanisms of such control are unknown. Oxygen sensitivity is attributed to a conserved motif of cysteine residues in NifA that spans the central AAAþ domain and the interdomain linker that connects the AAAþ domain to the C-terminal DNA binding domain. Here we mutagenized this conserved motif of cysteines and assayed the activity of mutant proteins in vivo. We also purified the mutant variants of NifA and tested their capacity to bind to the nifB promoter region. Chimeric proteins between H. seropedicae NifA, an oxygen-sensitive protein, and Azotobacter vinelandii NifA, an oxygen-tolerant protein, were constructed and showed that the oxygen response is conferred by the central AAAþ and C-terminal DNA binding domains of H. seropedicae NifA. We conclude that the conserved cysteine motif is essential for NifA activity, although single cysteine-to-serine mutants are still competent at binding DNA.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":85951717,"asset_id":79123796,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32935990,"first_name":"Leda","last_name":"Chubatsu","domain_name":"ufpr","page_name":"LedaChubatsu","display_name":"Leda Chubatsu","profile_url":"https://ufpr.academia.edu/LedaChubatsu?f_ri=6947","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":6947,"name":"Medical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":20283,"name":"RNA polymerase","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/RNA_polymerase?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":23323,"name":"Transcription Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transcription_Factors?f_ri=6947"},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=6947"},{"id":63551,"name":"Nitrogen Fixation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nitrogen_Fixation?f_ri=6947"},{"id":113903,"name":"Bacteria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bacteria?f_ri=6947"},{"id":292770,"name":"Herbaspirillum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Herbaspirillum?f_ri=6947"},{"id":380825,"name":"Oxygen","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oxygen?f_ri=6947"},{"id":614749,"name":"Cysteine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cysteine?f_ri=6947"},{"id":3585436,"name":"conserved sequence ","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/conserved_sequence?f_ri=6947"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_78785466" data-work_id="78785466" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/78785466/Reducing_Catheter_Associated_Urinary_Tract_Infection_in_the_Critical_Care_Unit">Reducing Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection in the Critical Care Unit</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Changes in reimbursement policies have focused attention on the use of indwelling catheters in the critical care unit as well as their role in hospital-acquired urinary tract infections. Implementation of an evidence-based prevention... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_78785466" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Changes in reimbursement policies have focused attention on the use of indwelling catheters in the critical care unit as well as their role in hospital-acquired urinary tract infections. Implementation of an evidence-based prevention program can significantly reduce both the prevalence of indwelling catheterization and the incidence of hospitalacquired catheter-associated urinary tract infection. This article describes the epidemiology and pathophysiology of catheter-associated urinary tract infection, and outlines essential elements of an evidence-based prevention program for the critical care unit. Changes in the US Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) inpatient prospective payment system continue to impact care delivery in the critical care unit. The Medicare Severity Diagnosis Related Group (MS-DRG) was launched in 2007, and the revised payment system was implemented in October 2008. One component of this program that has particularly impacted care delivery in the critical care unit is the identification of a number of high-cost, high-volume conditions that can be reasonably prevented via application of evidence-based interventions. 1 If the conditions are hospital acquired, the CMS will no longer reimburse the costs associated with them. Back to Top | Article Outline Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection Not surprisingly, catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) was identified as one of the original 8 potentially preventable conditions. Urinary tract infections (UTIs) account for approximately 40% of all hospital-acquired infections in the United States 2 ; more than 80% are associated with an indwelling catheter. 3 The prevalence of CAUTI in</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/78785466" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="adc4f4a5a43490c7ca30719865074bff" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":85708023,"asset_id":78785466,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/85708023/download_file?st=MTc0MDU4NjgyOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="123969571" href="https://usc.academia.edu/BrandonYeshoua">Brandon Yeshoua</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="123969571" type="text/json">{"id":123969571,"first_name":"Brandon","last_name":"Yeshoua","domain_name":"usc","page_name":"BrandonYeshoua","display_name":"Brandon Yeshoua","profile_url":"https://usc.academia.edu/BrandonYeshoua?f_ri=6947","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_78785466 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="78785466"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 78785466, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_78785466", }); 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Implementation of an evidence-based prevention program can significantly reduce both the prevalence of indwelling catheterization and the incidence of hospitalacquired catheter-associated urinary tract infection. This article describes the epidemiology and pathophysiology of catheter-associated urinary tract infection, and outlines essential elements of an evidence-based prevention program for the critical care unit. Changes in the US Centers for Medicare \u0026 Medicaid Services (CMS) inpatient prospective payment system continue to impact care delivery in the critical care unit. The Medicare Severity Diagnosis Related Group (MS-DRG) was launched in 2007, and the revised payment system was implemented in October 2008. One component of this program that has particularly impacted care delivery in the critical care unit is the identification of a number of high-cost, high-volume conditions that can be reasonably prevented via application of evidence-based interventions. 1 If the conditions are hospital acquired, the CMS will no longer reimburse the costs associated with them. Back to Top | Article Outline Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection Not surprisingly, catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) was identified as one of the original 8 potentially preventable conditions. Urinary tract infections (UTIs) account for approximately 40% of all hospital-acquired infections in the United States 2 ; more than 80% are associated with an indwelling catheter. 3 The prevalence of CAUTI in","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":85708023,"asset_id":78785466,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":123969571,"first_name":"Brandon","last_name":"Yeshoua","domain_name":"usc","page_name":"BrandonYeshoua","display_name":"Brandon Yeshoua","profile_url":"https://usc.academia.edu/BrandonYeshoua?f_ri=6947","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":428,"name":"Algorithms","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Algorithms?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":1290,"name":"Immunology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunology?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":6947,"name":"Medical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":98134,"name":"United States","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/United_States?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":158884,"name":"Urinary Tract Infections","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urinary_Tract_Infections?f_ri=6947"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=6947"},{"id":289330,"name":"Prevalence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prevalence?f_ri=6947"},{"id":793339,"name":"Intensive Care Units","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intensive_Care_Units?f_ri=6947"},{"id":3643422,"name":"Catheter-Related Infections","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Catheter-Related_Infections?f_ri=6947"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_75689882" data-work_id="75689882" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/75689882/Halorhabdus_tiamatea_sp_nov_a_non_pigmented_extremely_halophilic_archaeon_from_a_deep_sea_hypersaline_anoxic_basin_of_the_Red_Sea_and_emended_description_of_the_genus_Halorhabdus">Halorhabdus tiamatea sp. nov., a non-pigmented, extremely halophilic archaeon from a deep-sea, hypersaline anoxic basin of the Red Sea, and emended description of the genus Halorhabdus</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">An extremely halophilic archaeon was isolated from a sample of the brine-sediment interface of the Shaban Deep in the northern Red Sea. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed a close proximity to Halorhabdus... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_75689882" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">An extremely halophilic archaeon was isolated from a sample of the brine-sediment interface of the Shaban Deep in the northern Red Sea. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed a close proximity to Halorhabdus utahensis (99.3 %), the sole species of the genus Halorhabdus. Strain SARL4B T formed non-pigmented colonies and showed optimum growth at 45 6C, in 27 % (w/v) NaCl and at pH 6.5-7.0. This organism utilized a few complex substrates, such as yeast extract and starch, for growth. Strain SARL4B T grew under anaerobic and microaerophilic conditions but grew extremely poorly under aerobic conditions. The ether lipids were diphytanyl derivatives. The DNA G+C content of the type strain was 61.7 mol%. On the basis of the phylogenetic data and physiological and biochemical characteristics, strain SARL4B T represents a novel species of the genus Halorhabdus, for which the name Halorhabdus tiamatea is proposed. The type strain is SARL4B T (5DSM 18392 T 5JCM 14471 T). An emended description of the genus Halorhabdus is also proposed.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/75689882" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="96004b1460192c28705aa6c11c6cb0d2" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":83359867,"asset_id":75689882,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/83359867/download_file?st=MTc0MDU4NjgyOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="36119356" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MarcoTaborda">Marco Taborda</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="36119356" type="text/json">{"id":36119356,"first_name":"Marco","last_name":"Taborda","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MarcoTaborda","display_name":"Marco Taborda","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MarcoTaborda?f_ri=6947","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_75689882 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="75689882"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 75689882, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_75689882", }); 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Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed a close proximity to Halorhabdus utahensis (99.3 %), the sole species of the genus Halorhabdus. Strain SARL4B T formed non-pigmented colonies and showed optimum growth at 45 6C, in 27 % (w/v) NaCl and at pH 6.5-7.0. This organism utilized a few complex substrates, such as yeast extract and starch, for growth. Strain SARL4B T grew under anaerobic and microaerophilic conditions but grew extremely poorly under aerobic conditions. The ether lipids were diphytanyl derivatives. The DNA G+C content of the type strain was 61.7 mol%. On the basis of the phylogenetic data and physiological and biochemical characteristics, strain SARL4B T represents a novel species of the genus Halorhabdus, for which the name Halorhabdus tiamatea is proposed. The type strain is SARL4B T (5DSM 18392 T 5JCM 14471 T). An emended description of the genus Halorhabdus is also proposed.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":83359867,"asset_id":75689882,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":36119356,"first_name":"Marco","last_name":"Taborda","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MarcoTaborda","display_name":"Marco Taborda","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MarcoTaborda?f_ri=6947","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":155,"name":"Evolutionary Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":6947,"name":"Medical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":18862,"name":"Extremophiles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Extremophiles?f_ri=6947"},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=6947"},{"id":48814,"name":"Indian Ocean","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Ocean?f_ri=6947"},{"id":54433,"name":"Phylogeny","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phylogeny?f_ri=6947"},{"id":61960,"name":"Red Sea","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Red_Sea?f_ri=6947"},{"id":104196,"name":"Archaea","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaea?f_ri=6947"},{"id":112317,"name":"Halophiles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Halophiles?f_ri=6947"},{"id":113903,"name":"Bacteria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bacteria?f_ri=6947"},{"id":144062,"name":"Pigments","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pigments?f_ri=6947"},{"id":145891,"name":"Pigment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pigment?f_ri=6947"},{"id":213897,"name":"Phenotype","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phenotype?f_ri=6947"},{"id":442735,"name":"Description","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Description?f_ri=6947"},{"id":603967,"name":"Halobacteria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Halobacteria?f_ri=6947"},{"id":796144,"name":"Deep Sea","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Deep_Sea?f_ri=6947"},{"id":2467566,"name":"Molecular Sequence Data","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Sequence_Data?f_ri=6947"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_74848545 coauthored" data-work_id="74848545" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/74848545/A_rare_nonfatal_presentation_of_disseminated_Chromobacterium_violaceum_sepsis">A rare nonfatal presentation of disseminated Chromobacterium violaceum sepsis</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">We present a case of disseminated Chromobacterium violaceum sepsis with multiple liver and splenic abscesses presenting with skin lesions and cardiogenic shock, and later diagnosed to have chronic granulomatous disease. The patient was... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_74848545" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">We present a case of disseminated Chromobacterium violaceum sepsis with multiple liver and splenic abscesses presenting with skin lesions and cardiogenic shock, and later diagnosed to have chronic granulomatous disease. 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Lack of compliance and the impracticality of repeated treatment in a short span of time are identified barriers to the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_73711410" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Effective sub-gingival debridement is crucial to prevent serious systemic infections in hospitalized patients. Lack of compliance and the impracticality of repeated treatment in a short span of time are identified barriers to the performance of full mouth scaling and root planing (SRP). The aim of this randomized study was to evaluate the clinical and microbiological effects of the adjunctive administration of a locally delivered desiccant liquid with molecular hygroscopic properties (HYBENX® Oral Tissue Decontaminant™; HBX) in association with sub-gingival ultrasonic debridement (UD) in a hospital setting. Sixteen patients presenting moderate to severe chronic periodontitis were followed in a randomized 3 month, split mouth, single-blind, prospective study. At baseline (T1) control and test sides were treated with supra and subgingival UD with or without the association of a locally delivered desiccant liquid (HBX). Treatment was repeated after 6 weeks (T2). Clinical and microbiolo...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/73711410" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ea22ae0e5848976a21cac8250afd9a14" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":82125704,"asset_id":73711410,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/82125704/download_file?st=MTc0MDU4NjgyOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="156472619" href="https://univr.academia.edu/SchoolDentistry">Giorgio Lombardo</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="156472619" type="text/json">{"id":156472619,"first_name":"Giorgio","last_name":"Lombardo","domain_name":"univr","page_name":"SchoolDentistry","display_name":"Giorgio Lombardo","profile_url":"https://univr.academia.edu/SchoolDentistry?f_ri=6947","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_73711410 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="73711410"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 73711410, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_73711410", }); 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Lack of compliance and the impracticality of repeated treatment in a short span of time are identified barriers to the performance of full mouth scaling and root planing (SRP). The aim of this randomized study was to evaluate the clinical and microbiological effects of the adjunctive administration of a locally delivered desiccant liquid with molecular hygroscopic properties (HYBENX® Oral Tissue Decontaminant™; HBX) in association with sub-gingival ultrasonic debridement (UD) in a hospital setting. Sixteen patients presenting moderate to severe chronic periodontitis were followed in a randomized 3 month, split mouth, single-blind, prospective study. At baseline (T1) control and test sides were treated with supra and subgingival UD with or without the association of a locally delivered desiccant liquid (HBX). Treatment was repeated after 6 weeks (T2). Clinical and microbiolo...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":82125704,"asset_id":73711410,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":156472619,"first_name":"Giorgio","last_name":"Lombardo","domain_name":"univr","page_name":"SchoolDentistry","display_name":"Giorgio Lombardo","profile_url":"https://univr.academia.edu/SchoolDentistry?f_ri=6947","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":6947,"name":"Medical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":62112,"name":"Prospective studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prospective_studies?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":113903,"name":"Bacteria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bacteria?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":149547,"name":"Ultrasonic therapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ultrasonic_therapy?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":289271,"name":"Aged","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aged?f_ri=6947"},{"id":654091,"name":"Debridement","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Debridement?f_ri=6947"},{"id":855633,"name":"Chronic Periodontitis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chronic_Periodontitis?f_ri=6947"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_71811937" data-work_id="71811937" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/71811937/The_Mosquito_A_Human_History_of_Our_Deadliest_Predator">The Mosquito A Human History of Our Deadliest Predator</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div 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Predator","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":81005150,"asset_id":71811937,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":79701609,"first_name":"Teah","last_name":"Snyder","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"TeahSnyder","display_name":"Teah Snyder","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/TeahSnyder?f_ri=6947","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":6947,"name":"Medical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":40574,"name":"Emerging Infectious Diseases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Emerging_Infectious_Diseases?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":410370,"name":"Public health systems and services research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_health_systems_and_services_research-1?f_ri=6947"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_70567664" data-work_id="70567664" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/70567664/Nationwide_assessment_of_insecticide_susceptibility_in_Anopheles_gambiae_populations_from_Zimbabwe">Nationwide assessment of insecticide susceptibility in Anopheles gambiae populations from Zimbabwe</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Background: The scale-up of malaria interventions in sub-Saharan Africa has been accompanied by a dramatic increase in insecticide resistance in Anopheles spp. In Zimbabwe resistance to pyrethroid insecticides was reported in Gokwe... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_70567664" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Background: The scale-up of malaria interventions in sub-Saharan Africa has been accompanied by a dramatic increase in insecticide resistance in Anopheles spp. In Zimbabwe resistance to pyrethroid insecticides was reported in Gokwe District in 2008. This study reports results of the first nationwide assessment of insecticide susceptibility in wild populations of Anopheles gambiae sensu lato (s.l.) in Zimbabwe, and provides a comprehensive review of the insecticide resistance status of An. gambiae s.l. in southern African countries. Methods: World Health Organization (WHO) insecticide susceptibility tests were performed on 2,568 field collected mosquitoes originating from 13 sentinel sites covering all endemic regions in Zimbabwe in 2011-2012. At each site, 24-hour mortality and knock-down values for 50% and 90% of exposed mosquitoes (KD 50 and KD 90 , respectively) were calculated for pools of 20-84 (mean, 54) mosquitoes exposed to 4% DDT, 0.1% bendiocarb, 0.05% λcyhalothrin or 5% malathion. Susceptibility results from Zimbabwe were compiled with results published during 2002-2012 for all southern African countries to investigate the resistance status of An. gambiae s.l. in the region. Results: Using WHO criteria, insecticide resistance was not detected at any site sampled and for any of the insecticide formulations tested during the malaria transmission season in 2012. Knock-down within 1 hr post-insecticide exposure ranged from 95% to 100%; mortality 24 hours post-insecticide exposure ranged from 98% to 100%. Despite the lack of insecticide resistance, high variability was found across sites in KD 50 and KD 90 values. A total of 24 out of 64 (37.5%) sites in southern Africa with reported data had evidence of phenotypic insecticide resistance in An. gambiae s.l. to at least one insecticide. Conclusion: Despite a long history of indoor residual spraying of households with insecticide, up to 2012 there was no evidence of phenotypic resistance to any of the four insecticide classes in An. gambiae s.l. collected across different eco-epidemiological areas in Zimbabwe. Results reinforce the need for careful monitoring over time in sentinel sites in order to detect the potential emergence and propagation of insecticide resistance as insecticidal vector control interventions in Zimbabwe continue to be implemented.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/70567664" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ff55c2256f0003d90e094647820dba92" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":80266113,"asset_id":70567664,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/80266113/download_file?st=MTc0MDU4NjgyOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="31077108" href="https://tut.academia.edu/ShadreckSande">Shadreck Sande</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="31077108" type="text/json">{"id":31077108,"first_name":"Shadreck","last_name":"Sande","domain_name":"tut","page_name":"ShadreckSande","display_name":"Shadreck Sande","profile_url":"https://tut.academia.edu/ShadreckSande?f_ri=6947","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_70567664 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="70567664"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 70567664, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_70567664", }); 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This study reports results of the first nationwide assessment of insecticide susceptibility in wild populations of Anopheles gambiae sensu lato (s.l.) in Zimbabwe, and provides a comprehensive review of the insecticide resistance status of An. gambiae s.l. in southern African countries. Methods: World Health Organization (WHO) insecticide susceptibility tests were performed on 2,568 field collected mosquitoes originating from 13 sentinel sites covering all endemic regions in Zimbabwe in 2011-2012. At each site, 24-hour mortality and knock-down values for 50% and 90% of exposed mosquitoes (KD 50 and KD 90 , respectively) were calculated for pools of 20-84 (mean, 54) mosquitoes exposed to 4% DDT, 0.1% bendiocarb, 0.05% λcyhalothrin or 5% malathion. Susceptibility results from Zimbabwe were compiled with results published during 2002-2012 for all southern African countries to investigate the resistance status of An. gambiae s.l. in the region. Results: Using WHO criteria, insecticide resistance was not detected at any site sampled and for any of the insecticide formulations tested during the malaria transmission season in 2012. Knock-down within 1 hr post-insecticide exposure ranged from 95% to 100%; mortality 24 hours post-insecticide exposure ranged from 98% to 100%. Despite the lack of insecticide resistance, high variability was found across sites in KD 50 and KD 90 values. A total of 24 out of 64 (37.5%) sites in southern Africa with reported data had evidence of phenotypic insecticide resistance in An. gambiae s.l. to at least one insecticide. Conclusion: Despite a long history of indoor residual spraying of households with insecticide, up to 2012 there was no evidence of phenotypic resistance to any of the four insecticide classes in An. gambiae s.l. collected across different eco-epidemiological areas in Zimbabwe. Results reinforce the need for careful monitoring over time in sentinel sites in order to detect the potential emergence and propagation of insecticide resistance as insecticidal vector control interventions in Zimbabwe continue to be implemented.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":80266113,"asset_id":70567664,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":31077108,"first_name":"Shadreck","last_name":"Sande","domain_name":"tut","page_name":"ShadreckSande","display_name":"Shadreck Sande","profile_url":"https://tut.academia.edu/ShadreckSande?f_ri=6947","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":6947,"name":"Medical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":7823,"name":"Malaria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaria?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":52972,"name":"Insecticides","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Insecticides?f_ri=6947"},{"id":52973,"name":"Insecticide Resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Insecticide_Resistance?f_ri=6947"},{"id":57973,"name":"Zimbabwe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zimbabwe?f_ri=6947"},{"id":222600,"name":"Anopheles gambiae","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anopheles_gambiae?f_ri=6947"},{"id":3002174,"name":"Permethrin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Permethrin?f_ri=6947"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_68469843" data-work_id="68469843" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/68469843/Antiviral_Treatment_and_Prevention_of_Seasonal_Influenza_a_Comparative_Review_of_Recommendations_In_the_European_Union">Antiviral Treatment and Prevention of Seasonal Influenza: a Comparative Review of Recommendations In the European Union</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Guidelines were obtained from France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Sweden and the UK. Most guidelines recommend neuraminidase inhibitors over M2 inhibitors, but three countries were unclear or suggested M2 inhibitor use... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_68469843" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Guidelines were obtained from France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Sweden and the UK. Most guidelines recommend neuraminidase inhibitors over M2 inhibitors, but three countries were unclear or suggested M2 inhibitor use in some circumstances. Clinical ...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/68469843" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c0b0cf65c4c3fadc138b15aea7979bef" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":78933677,"asset_id":68469843,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/78933677/download_file?st=MTc0MDU4NjgyOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="49419775" href="https://independent.academia.edu/TristanMortonClark">Tristan Morton Clark</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="49419775" type="text/json">{"id":49419775,"first_name":"Tristan","last_name":"Morton Clark","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"TristanMortonClark","display_name":"Tristan Morton Clark","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/TristanMortonClark?f_ri=6947","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_68469843 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="68469843"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 68469843, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_68469843", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=68469843]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_68469843").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_68469843").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="68469843"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="159" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology">Microbiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="159" type="text/json">{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6947" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology">Medical Microbiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6947" type="text/json">{"id":6947,"name":"Medical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8942" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment">Treatment</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8942" type="text/json">{"id":8942,"name":"Treatment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10347" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Union">European Union</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="10347" type="text/json">{"id":10347,"name":"European Union","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Union?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=68469843]'), work: {"id":68469843,"title":"Antiviral Treatment and Prevention of Seasonal Influenza: a Comparative Review of Recommendations In the European Union","created_at":"2022-01-16T21:28:06.992-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/68469843/Antiviral_Treatment_and_Prevention_of_Seasonal_Influenza_a_Comparative_Review_of_Recommendations_In_the_European_Union?f_ri=6947","dom_id":"work_68469843","summary":"Guidelines were obtained from France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Sweden and the UK. Most guidelines recommend neuraminidase inhibitors over M2 inhibitors, but three countries were unclear or suggested M2 inhibitor use in some circumstances. Clinical ...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":78933677,"asset_id":68469843,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":49419775,"first_name":"Tristan","last_name":"Morton Clark","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"TristanMortonClark","display_name":"Tristan Morton Clark","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/TristanMortonClark?f_ri=6947","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":6947,"name":"Medical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":8942,"name":"Treatment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":10347,"name":"European Union","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Union?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=6947"},{"id":27240,"name":"Prevention","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prevention?f_ri=6947"},{"id":49785,"name":"Clinical Virology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Virology?f_ri=6947"},{"id":57433,"name":"Seasonality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seasonality?f_ri=6947"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=6947"},{"id":1622318,"name":"Antiviral Agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antiviral_Agents?f_ri=6947"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_68290679" data-work_id="68290679" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/68290679/Determina%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_aminas_biog%C3%AAnicas_em_diferentes_tipos_de_queijos_por_cromatografia_l%C3%ADquida_de_alta_efici%C3%AAncia_Determination_of_biogenic_amines_in_different_types_of_cheese_by_high_performance_liquid_chromatography">Determinação de aminas biogênicas em diferentes tipos de queijos por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência / Determination of biogenic amines in different types of cheese by high-performance liquid chromatography</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This study aimed at detecting and quantifying biogenic amines (cadaverine, spermidine, histamine, putrescine and tyramine) in four different types of cheese using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). For this study, ten samples... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_68290679" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This study aimed at detecting and quantifying biogenic amines (cadaverine, spermidine, histamine, putrescine and tyramine) in four different types of cheese using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). For this study, ten samples of gouda, minas, mozzarella and prato, four types of cheese, were purchased in retail markets of Rio de Janeiro. Biogenic amines were previously extracted and derivatizated; then, these amines were detected and quantified by HPLC-UV. For assessing differences among the analyzed cheeses, data were submitted to Anova and Tukey’s test. Minas cheese showed the lowest amount of amine (24.26 mg.kg-1), and the highest contents (489.15 mg.kg-1) were found in gouda. As for the investigated biogenic amines, tyramine showed the highest concentrations (623.60 mg.kg-1), and spermidine was found at the lowest concentration (0.80 mg.kg-1) in all four types of cheese. This study indicates that gouda seems to demand a much more careful monitoring of biogenic amines ...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/68290679" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="29d9c3b53baa55b958df543d0eaedd73" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":78818878,"asset_id":68290679,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/78818878/download_file?st=MTc0MDU4NjgyOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32703505" href="https://uff.academia.edu/SergioMano">Sergio Mano</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32703505" type="text/json">{"id":32703505,"first_name":"Sergio","last_name":"Mano","domain_name":"uff","page_name":"SergioMano","display_name":"Sergio Mano","profile_url":"https://uff.academia.edu/SergioMano?f_ri=6947","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/32703505/9755812/10868147/s65_sergio.mano.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_68290679 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="68290679"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 68290679, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_68290679", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_68290679 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 68290679; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_68290679"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_68290679 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="68290679"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 68290679; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=68290679]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_68290679").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_68290679").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="68290679"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="159" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology">Microbiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="159" type="text/json">{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6947" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology">Medical Microbiology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="6947" type="text/json">{"id":6947,"name":"Medical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=68290679]'), work: {"id":68290679,"title":"Determinação de aminas biogênicas em diferentes tipos de queijos por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência / Determination of biogenic amines in different types of cheese by high-performance liquid chromatography","created_at":"2022-01-15T07:53:11.680-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/68290679/Determina%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_aminas_biog%C3%AAnicas_em_diferentes_tipos_de_queijos_por_cromatografia_l%C3%ADquida_de_alta_efici%C3%AAncia_Determination_of_biogenic_amines_in_different_types_of_cheese_by_high_performance_liquid_chromatography?f_ri=6947","dom_id":"work_68290679","summary":"This study aimed at detecting and quantifying biogenic amines (cadaverine, spermidine, histamine, putrescine and tyramine) in four different types of cheese using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). For this study, ten samples of gouda, minas, mozzarella and prato, four types of cheese, were purchased in retail markets of Rio de Janeiro. Biogenic amines were previously extracted and derivatizated; then, these amines were detected and quantified by HPLC-UV. For assessing differences among the analyzed cheeses, data were submitted to Anova and Tukey’s test. Minas cheese showed the lowest amount of amine (24.26 mg.kg-1), and the highest contents (489.15 mg.kg-1) were found in gouda. As for the investigated biogenic amines, tyramine showed the highest concentrations (623.60 mg.kg-1), and spermidine was found at the lowest concentration (0.80 mg.kg-1) in all four types of cheese. This study indicates that gouda seems to demand a much more careful monitoring of biogenic amines ...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":78818878,"asset_id":68290679,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32703505,"first_name":"Sergio","last_name":"Mano","domain_name":"uff","page_name":"SergioMano","display_name":"Sergio Mano","profile_url":"https://uff.academia.edu/SergioMano?f_ri=6947","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/32703505/9755812/10868147/s65_sergio.mano.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":6947,"name":"Medical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_68278032" data-work_id="68278032" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/68278032/Cancer_risk_in_persons_with_HIV_AIDS_in_India_a_review_and_future_directions_for_research">Cancer risk in persons with HIV/AIDS in India: a review and future directions for research</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Background: India has a large and evolving HIV epidemic. Little is known about cancer risk in Indian persons with HIV/AIDS (PHA) but risk is thought to be low. Methods: To describe the state of knowledge about cancer patterns in Indian... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_68278032" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Background: India has a large and evolving HIV epidemic. Little is known about cancer risk in Indian persons with HIV/AIDS (PHA) but risk is thought to be low. Methods: To describe the state of knowledge about cancer patterns in Indian PHA, we reviewed reports from the international and Indian literature. Results: As elsewhere, non-Hodgkin lymphomas dominate the profile of recognized cancers, with immunoblastic/large cell diffuse lymphoma being the most common type. Hodgkin lymphoma is proportionally increased, perhaps because survival with AIDS is truncated by fatal infections. In contrast, Kaposi sarcoma is rare, in association with an apparently low prevalence of Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus. If confirmed, the reasons for the low prevalence need to be understood. Cervical, anal, vulva/vaginal and penile cancers all appear to be increased in PHA, based on limited data. The association may be confounded by sexual behaviors that transmit both HIV and human papillomavirus. Head and neck tumor incidence may also be increased, an important concern since these tumors are among the most common in India. Based on limited evidence, the increase is at buccal/palatal sites, which are associated with tobacco and betel nut chewing rather than human papillomavirus. Conclusion: With improving care of HIV and better management of infections, especially tuberculosis, the longer survival of PHA in India will likely increase the importance of cancer as a clinical problem in India. With the population's geographic and social diversity, India presents unique research opportunities that can be embedded in programs targeting HIV/AIDS and other public health priorities.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/68278032" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f256a198982b6dddf8021987d1b09720" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":78810700,"asset_id":68278032,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/78810700/download_file?st=MTc0MDU4NjgyOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="36670456" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SamMbulaiteye">Sam Mbulaiteye</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="36670456" type="text/json">{"id":36670456,"first_name":"Sam","last_name":"Mbulaiteye","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SamMbulaiteye","display_name":"Sam Mbulaiteye","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SamMbulaiteye?f_ri=6947","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_68278032 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="68278032"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 68278032, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_68278032", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_68278032 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 68278032; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_68278032"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_68278032 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="68278032"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 68278032; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=68278032]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_68278032").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_68278032").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="68278032"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6947" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology">Medical Microbiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6947" type="text/json">{"id":6947,"name":"Medical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9109" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tobacco">Tobacco</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9109" type="text/json">{"id":9109,"name":"Tobacco","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tobacco?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16288" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health">Public Health</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="16288" type="text/json">{"id":16288,"name":"Public Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26327" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine">Medicine</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="26327" type="text/json">{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=68278032]'), work: {"id":68278032,"title":"Cancer risk in persons with HIV/AIDS in India: a review and future directions for research","created_at":"2022-01-15T06:32:19.087-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/68278032/Cancer_risk_in_persons_with_HIV_AIDS_in_India_a_review_and_future_directions_for_research?f_ri=6947","dom_id":"work_68278032","summary":"Background: India has a large and evolving HIV epidemic. Little is known about cancer risk in Indian persons with HIV/AIDS (PHA) but risk is thought to be low. Methods: To describe the state of knowledge about cancer patterns in Indian PHA, we reviewed reports from the international and Indian literature. Results: As elsewhere, non-Hodgkin lymphomas dominate the profile of recognized cancers, with immunoblastic/large cell diffuse lymphoma being the most common type. Hodgkin lymphoma is proportionally increased, perhaps because survival with AIDS is truncated by fatal infections. In contrast, Kaposi sarcoma is rare, in association with an apparently low prevalence of Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus. If confirmed, the reasons for the low prevalence need to be understood. Cervical, anal, vulva/vaginal and penile cancers all appear to be increased in PHA, based on limited data. The association may be confounded by sexual behaviors that transmit both HIV and human papillomavirus. Head and neck tumor incidence may also be increased, an important concern since these tumors are among the most common in India. Based on limited evidence, the increase is at buccal/palatal sites, which are associated with tobacco and betel nut chewing rather than human papillomavirus. Conclusion: With improving care of HIV and better management of infections, especially tuberculosis, the longer survival of PHA in India will likely increase the importance of cancer as a clinical problem in India. With the population's geographic and social diversity, India presents unique research opportunities that can be embedded in programs targeting HIV/AIDS and other public health priorities.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":78810700,"asset_id":68278032,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":36670456,"first_name":"Sam","last_name":"Mbulaiteye","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SamMbulaiteye","display_name":"Sam Mbulaiteye","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SamMbulaiteye?f_ri=6947","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":6947,"name":"Medical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":9109,"name":"Tobacco","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tobacco?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":16288,"name":"Public Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":50351,"name":"HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/HUMAN_PAPILLOMAVIRUS?f_ri=6947"},{"id":53661,"name":"Head and Neck","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Head_and_Neck?f_ri=6947"},{"id":62235,"name":"Tuberculosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tuberculosis?f_ri=6947"},{"id":111921,"name":"Sexual Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sexual_Behavior?f_ri=6947"},{"id":1212936,"name":"Cancer Risk","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cancer_Risk?f_ri=6947"},{"id":2209972,"name":"Infectious Agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infectious_Agents?f_ri=6947"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_67895974" data-work_id="67895974" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/67895974/Central_vascular_catheter_infections_in_a_Hospital_of_Central_Italy">Central vascular catheter infections in a Hospital of Central Italy</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The insertion and the permanence of central venous catheters (CVC) represent potential sources of infection contracted in hospital. The evaluation of the risk of CVC-associated infections was evaluated in a retrospective study during the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_67895974" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The insertion and the permanence of central venous catheters (CVC) represent potential sources of infection contracted in hospital. The evaluation of the risk of CVC-associated infections was evaluated in a retrospective study during the period 2007-2010 in a Hospital of Central Italy. A total of 514 CVC were collected and examined by microbiological techniques and, among the examined patients, 450 CVC blood cultures were collected. Cultures were performed collecting a portion of 5-6 cm of intravenous catheters in liquid medium and spread on selective media for Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and yeasts; blood specimens were obtained through peripheral venous punctures and analyzed by a commercial automated system. 308/514 (59.90%) samples were positive to the microbiological culture. Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis and other coagulase negative Staphylococci (CNS) were the prevalent Gram-positive bacteria. Among Gram-negative bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomon...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/67895974" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6ac5a9bfef3ceca16b3fe359e932ab0b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":78572350,"asset_id":67895974,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/78572350/download_file?st=MTc0MDU4NjgyOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32419438" href="https://independent.academia.edu/GigiaCellini">Gigia Cellini</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32419438" type="text/json">{"id":32419438,"first_name":"Gigia","last_name":"Cellini","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"GigiaCellini","display_name":"Gigia Cellini","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GigiaCellini?f_ri=6947","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_67895974 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="67895974"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 67895974, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_67895974", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_67895974 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 67895974; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_67895974"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_67895974 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="67895974"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 67895974; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=67895974]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_67895974").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_67895974").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="67895974"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6947" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology">Medical Microbiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6947" type="text/json">{"id":6947,"name":"Medical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26327" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine">Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="26327" type="text/json">{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="37772" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hospitals">Hospitals</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="37772" type="text/json">{"id":37772,"name":"Hospitals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hospitals?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="45213" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Italy">Italy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="45213" type="text/json">{"id":45213,"name":"Italy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Italy?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=67895974]'), work: {"id":67895974,"title":"Central vascular catheter infections in a Hospital of Central Italy","created_at":"2022-01-12T21:20:21.935-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/67895974/Central_vascular_catheter_infections_in_a_Hospital_of_Central_Italy?f_ri=6947","dom_id":"work_67895974","summary":"The insertion and the permanence of central venous catheters (CVC) represent potential sources of infection contracted in hospital. The evaluation of the risk of CVC-associated infections was evaluated in a retrospective study during the period 2007-2010 in a Hospital of Central Italy. A total of 514 CVC were collected and examined by microbiological techniques and, among the examined patients, 450 CVC blood cultures were collected. Cultures were performed collecting a portion of 5-6 cm of intravenous catheters in liquid medium and spread on selective media for Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and yeasts; blood specimens were obtained through peripheral venous punctures and analyzed by a commercial automated system. 308/514 (59.90%) samples were positive to the microbiological culture. Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis and other coagulase negative Staphylococci (CNS) were the prevalent Gram-positive bacteria. Among Gram-negative bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomon...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":78572350,"asset_id":67895974,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32419438,"first_name":"Gigia","last_name":"Cellini","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"GigiaCellini","display_name":"Gigia Cellini","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GigiaCellini?f_ri=6947","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":6947,"name":"Medical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":37772,"name":"Hospitals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hospitals?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":45213,"name":"Italy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Italy?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":113903,"name":"Bacteria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bacteria?f_ri=6947"},{"id":469105,"name":"Retrospective Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Retrospective_Studies?f_ri=6947"},{"id":3643422,"name":"Catheter-Related Infections","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Catheter-Related_Infections?f_ri=6947"},{"id":3854113,"name":"Cross Infection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross_Infection?f_ri=6947"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_67226635" data-work_id="67226635" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/67226635/The_Glutathione_Biosynthetic_Pathway_of_Plasmodium_Is_Essential_for_Mosquito_Transmission">The Glutathione Biosynthetic Pathway of Plasmodium Is Essential for Mosquito Transmission</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Infection of red blood cells (RBC) subjects the malaria parasite to oxidative stress. Therefore, efficient antioxidant and redox systems are required to prevent damage by reactive oxygen species. Plasmodium spp. have thioredoxin and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_67226635" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Infection of red blood cells (RBC) subjects the malaria parasite to oxidative stress. Therefore, efficient antioxidant and redox systems are required to prevent damage by reactive oxygen species. Plasmodium spp. have thioredoxin and glutathione (GSH) systems that are thought to play a major role as antioxidants during blood stage infection. In this report, we analyzed a critical component of the GSH biosynthesis pathway using reverse genetics. Plasmodium berghei parasites lacking expression of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (c-GCS), the rate limiting enzyme in de novo synthesis of GSH, were generated through targeted gene disruption thus demonstrating, quite unexpectedly, that c-GCS is not essential for blood stage development. Despite a significant reduction in GSH levels, blood stage forms of pbggcs 2 parasites showed only a defect in growth as compared to wild type. In contrast, a dramatic effect on development of the parasites in the mosquito was observed. Infection of mosquitoes with pbggcs 2 parasites resulted in reduced numbers of stunted oocysts that did not produce sporozoites. These results have important implications for the design of drugs aiming at interfering with the GSH redox-system in blood stages and demonstrate that de novo synthesis of GSH is pivotal for development of Plasmodium in the mosquito.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/67226635" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8daac0d82c5a42a3d3c164ca5fbf805a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":78122650,"asset_id":67226635,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/78122650/download_file?st=MTc0MDU4NjgyOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="195096184" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JoelRodriguez336">Joel Rodriguez</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="195096184" type="text/json">{"id":195096184,"first_name":"Joel","last_name":"Rodriguez","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JoelRodriguez336","display_name":"Joel Rodriguez","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JoelRodriguez336?f_ri=6947","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/195096184/57511589/45730617/s65_joel.rodriguez.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_67226635 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="67226635"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 67226635, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_67226635", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_67226635 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 67226635; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_67226635"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_67226635 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="67226635"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 67226635; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=67226635]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_67226635").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_67226635").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="67226635"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">18</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="159" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology">Microbiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="159" type="text/json">{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1290" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunology">Immunology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1290" type="text/json">{"id":1290,"name":"Immunology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunology?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6947" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology">Medical Microbiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6947" type="text/json">{"id":6947,"name":"Medical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7710" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology">Biology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="7710" type="text/json">{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=67226635]'), work: {"id":67226635,"title":"The Glutathione Biosynthetic Pathway of Plasmodium Is Essential for Mosquito Transmission","created_at":"2022-01-05T06:11:09.251-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/67226635/The_Glutathione_Biosynthetic_Pathway_of_Plasmodium_Is_Essential_for_Mosquito_Transmission?f_ri=6947","dom_id":"work_67226635","summary":"Infection of red blood cells (RBC) subjects the malaria parasite to oxidative stress. Therefore, efficient antioxidant and redox systems are required to prevent damage by reactive oxygen species. Plasmodium spp. have thioredoxin and glutathione (GSH) systems that are thought to play a major role as antioxidants during blood stage infection. In this report, we analyzed a critical component of the GSH biosynthesis pathway using reverse genetics. Plasmodium berghei parasites lacking expression of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (c-GCS), the rate limiting enzyme in de novo synthesis of GSH, were generated through targeted gene disruption thus demonstrating, quite unexpectedly, that c-GCS is not essential for blood stage development. Despite a significant reduction in GSH levels, blood stage forms of pbggcs 2 parasites showed only a defect in growth as compared to wild type. In contrast, a dramatic effect on development of the parasites in the mosquito was observed. Infection of mosquitoes with pbggcs 2 parasites resulted in reduced numbers of stunted oocysts that did not produce sporozoites. These results have important implications for the design of drugs aiming at interfering with the GSH redox-system in blood stages and demonstrate that de novo synthesis of GSH is pivotal for development of Plasmodium in the mosquito.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":78122650,"asset_id":67226635,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":195096184,"first_name":"Joel","last_name":"Rodriguez","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JoelRodriguez336","display_name":"Joel Rodriguez","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JoelRodriguez336?f_ri=6947","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/195096184/57511589/45730617/s65_joel.rodriguez.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":1290,"name":"Immunology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunology?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":6947,"name":"Medical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":7823,"name":"Malaria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaria?f_ri=6947"},{"id":15719,"name":"Mitochondria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mitochondria?f_ri=6947"},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=6947"},{"id":27784,"name":"Gene expression","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_expression?f_ri=6947"},{"id":84760,"name":"Mice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mice?f_ri=6947"},{"id":96081,"name":"Anopheles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anopheles?f_ri=6947"},{"id":118450,"name":"Glutathione","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Glutathione?f_ri=6947"},{"id":231661,"name":"Enzyme","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Enzyme?f_ri=6947"},{"id":413194,"name":"Analysis of Variance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Analysis_of_Variance?f_ri=6947"},{"id":502720,"name":"Gene Targeting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_Targeting?f_ri=6947"},{"id":782251,"name":"Cell Proliferation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_Proliferation?f_ri=6947"},{"id":894903,"name":"Gene Disruption","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_Disruption?f_ri=6947"},{"id":982534,"name":"Erythrocytes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Erythrocytes?f_ri=6947"},{"id":2239983,"name":"Glutamate Cysteine Ligase","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Glutamate_Cysteine_Ligase?f_ri=6947"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_66111624" data-work_id="66111624" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/66111624/Convergent_Targeting_of_a_Common_Host_Protein_Network_by_Pathogen_Effectors_from_Three_Kingdoms_of_Life">Convergent Targeting of a Common Host Protein-Network by Pathogen Effectors from Three Kingdoms of Life</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">While conceptual principles governing plant immunity are becoming clear, its systems-level organization and the evolutionary dynamic of the hostpathogen interface are still obscure. We generated a systematic protein-protein interaction... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_66111624" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">While conceptual principles governing plant immunity are becoming clear, its systems-level organization and the evolutionary dynamic of the hostpathogen interface are still obscure. We generated a systematic protein-protein interaction network of virulence effectors from the ascomycete pathogen Golovinomyces orontii and Arabidopsis thaliana host proteins. We combined this data set with corresponding data for the eubacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae and the oomycete pathogen Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis. The resulting network identifies host proteins onto which intraspecies and interspecies pathogen effectors converge. Phenotyping of 124 Arabidopsis effector-interactor mutants revealed a correlation between intraspecies and interspecies convergence and several altered immune response phenotypes. Several effectors and the most heavily targeted host protein colocalized in subnuclear foci. Products of adaptively selected Arabidopsis genes are enriched for interactions with effector targets. Our data suggest the existence of a molecular host-pathogen interface that is conserved across Arabidopsis accessions, while evolutionary adaptation occurs in the immediate network neighborhood of effector targets.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/66111624" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="285e87e8f51b431cbb56dd1e2dfe5a95" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":77432183,"asset_id":66111624,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/77432183/download_file?st=MTc0MDU4NjgyOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="51483661" href="https://independent.academia.edu/KlausMayer3">Klaus Mayer</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="51483661" type="text/json">{"id":51483661,"first_name":"Klaus","last_name":"Mayer","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"KlausMayer3","display_name":"Klaus Mayer","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/KlausMayer3?f_ri=6947","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_66111624 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="66111624"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 66111624, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_66111624", }); 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We generated a systematic protein-protein interaction network of virulence effectors from the ascomycete pathogen Golovinomyces orontii and Arabidopsis thaliana host proteins. We combined this data set with corresponding data for the eubacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae and the oomycete pathogen Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis. The resulting network identifies host proteins onto which intraspecies and interspecies pathogen effectors converge. Phenotyping of 124 Arabidopsis effector-interactor mutants revealed a correlation between intraspecies and interspecies convergence and several altered immune response phenotypes. Several effectors and the most heavily targeted host protein colocalized in subnuclear foci. Products of adaptively selected Arabidopsis genes are enriched for interactions with effector targets. Our data suggest the existence of a molecular host-pathogen interface that is conserved across Arabidopsis accessions, while evolutionary adaptation occurs in the immediate network neighborhood of effector targets.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":77432183,"asset_id":66111624,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":51483661,"first_name":"Klaus","last_name":"Mayer","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"KlausMayer3","display_name":"Klaus Mayer","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/KlausMayer3?f_ri=6947","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":6947,"name":"Medical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":66973,"name":"Plant diseases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_diseases?f_ri=6947"},{"id":191815,"name":"Biological evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_evolution?f_ri=6947"},{"id":202413,"name":"Arabidopsis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arabidopsis?f_ri=6947"},{"id":277229,"name":"Pseudomonas Syringae","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pseudomonas_Syringae?f_ri=6947"},{"id":743643,"name":"Host Pathogen Interactions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Host_Pathogen_Interactions?f_ri=6947"},{"id":994106,"name":"Ascomycota","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ascomycota?f_ri=6947"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_63826820" data-work_id="63826820" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/63826820/Evaluation_of_chromogenic_media_and_seminested_PCR_in_the_identification_of_Candida_species">Evaluation of chromogenic media and seminested PCR in the identification of Candida species</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Identification of Candida cultured from various clinical specimens to the species level is increasingly necessary for clinical laboratories. Although sn PCR identifies the species within hours but its cost-effectiveness is to be... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_63826820" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Identification of Candida cultured from various clinical specimens to the species level is increasingly necessary for clinical laboratories. Although sn PCR identifies the species within hours but its cost-effectiveness is to be considered. So there is always a need for media which help in the isolation and identification at the species level. The study aimed to evaluate the performance of different chromogenic media and to compare the effectiveness of the traditional phenotypic methods vs. seminested polymerase chain reaction (sn PCR) for identification of Candida species. One hundred and twenty seven Candida strains isolated from various clinical specimens were identified by conventional methods, four different chromogenic media and sn PCR. HiCrome Candida Differential and CHROMagar Candida media showed comparably high sensitivities and specificities in the identification of C. albicans, C. tropicalis, C. glabrata and C. krusei. CHROMagar Candida had an extra advantage of identify...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/63826820" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f91183ae086c33f8e9976f10e51a0ebe" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":76120627,"asset_id":63826820,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/76120627/download_file?st=MTc0MDU4NjgyOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="199908948" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SeifEldinSalwa">Salwa Seif Eldin</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="199908948" type="text/json">{"id":199908948,"first_name":"Salwa","last_name":"Seif Eldin","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SeifEldinSalwa","display_name":"Salwa Seif Eldin","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SeifEldinSalwa?f_ri=6947","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/199908948/61520459/49798741/s65_salwa.seif_eldin.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_63826820 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="63826820"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 63826820, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_63826820", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=63826820]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_63826820").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_63826820").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="63826820"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="159" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology">Microbiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="159" type="text/json">{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6947" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology">Medical Microbiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6947" type="text/json">{"id":6947,"name":"Medical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="105582" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Candida">Candida</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="105582" type="text/json">{"id":105582,"name":"Candida","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Candida?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="112991" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Candidiasis">Candidiasis</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="112991" type="text/json">{"id":112991,"name":"Candidiasis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Candidiasis?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=63826820]'), work: {"id":63826820,"title":"Evaluation of chromogenic media and seminested PCR in the identification of Candida species","created_at":"2021-12-10T23:04:26.486-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/63826820/Evaluation_of_chromogenic_media_and_seminested_PCR_in_the_identification_of_Candida_species?f_ri=6947","dom_id":"work_63826820","summary":"Identification of Candida cultured from various clinical specimens to the species level is increasingly necessary for clinical laboratories. Although sn PCR identifies the species within hours but its cost-effectiveness is to be considered. So there is always a need for media which help in the isolation and identification at the species level. The study aimed to evaluate the performance of different chromogenic media and to compare the effectiveness of the traditional phenotypic methods vs. seminested polymerase chain reaction (sn PCR) for identification of Candida species. One hundred and twenty seven Candida strains isolated from various clinical specimens were identified by conventional methods, four different chromogenic media and sn PCR. HiCrome Candida Differential and CHROMagar Candida media showed comparably high sensitivities and specificities in the identification of C. albicans, C. tropicalis, C. glabrata and C. krusei. CHROMagar Candida had an extra advantage of identify...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":76120627,"asset_id":63826820,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":199908948,"first_name":"Salwa","last_name":"Seif Eldin","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SeifEldinSalwa","display_name":"Salwa Seif Eldin","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SeifEldinSalwa?f_ri=6947","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/199908948/61520459/49798741/s65_salwa.seif_eldin.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":6947,"name":"Medical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":105582,"name":"Candida","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Candida?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":112991,"name":"Candidiasis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Candidiasis?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":118339,"name":"Polymerase Chain Reaction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymerase_Chain_Reaction?f_ri=6947"},{"id":901876,"name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sensitivity_and_Specificity?f_ri=6947"},{"id":957359,"name":"Culture Media","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Culture_Media?f_ri=6947"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_62101144" data-work_id="62101144" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/62101144/Experimental_chagas_disease_in_rhesus_monkeys_I_Clinical_parasitological_hematological_and_anatomo_pathological_studies_in_the_acute_and_indeterminate_phase_of_the_disease">Experimental chagas' disease in rhesus monkeys. I. Clinical parasitological, hematological and anatomo-pathological studies in the acute and indeterminate phase of the disease</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/62101144" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0878ddc551321b665649287f63d9b458" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":74954993,"asset_id":62101144,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/74954993/download_file?st=MTc0MDU4NjgyOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33003442" href="https://fiocruz.academia.edu/GloriaBonecini">Gloria Bonecini</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33003442" type="text/json">{"id":33003442,"first_name":"Gloria","last_name":"Bonecini","domain_name":"fiocruz","page_name":"GloriaBonecini","display_name":"Gloria Bonecini","profile_url":"https://fiocruz.academia.edu/GloriaBonecini?f_ri=6947","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_62101144 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="62101144"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 62101144, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_62101144", }); 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Clinical parasitological, hematological and anatomo-pathological studies in the acute and indeterminate phase of the disease","created_at":"2021-11-21T02:50:07.273-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/62101144/Experimental_chagas_disease_in_rhesus_monkeys_I_Clinical_parasitological_hematological_and_anatomo_pathological_studies_in_the_acute_and_indeterminate_phase_of_the_disease?f_ri=6947","dom_id":"work_62101144","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":74954993,"asset_id":62101144,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33003442,"first_name":"Gloria","last_name":"Bonecini","domain_name":"fiocruz","page_name":"GloriaBonecini","display_name":"Gloria Bonecini","profile_url":"https://fiocruz.academia.edu/GloriaBonecini?f_ri=6947","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":6947,"name":"Medical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":39000,"name":"Electrocardiography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electrocardiography?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":225340,"name":"Chagas disease","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chagas_disease?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":376084,"name":"Trypanosoma Cruzi","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Trypanosoma_Cruzi?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":410825,"name":"Rhesus Monkey","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rhesus_Monkey?f_ri=6947"},{"id":573267,"name":"Macaca Mulatta","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Macaca_Mulatta?f_ri=6947"},{"id":619389,"name":"Chagas Cardiomyopathy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chagas_Cardiomyopathy?f_ri=6947"},{"id":3834134,"name":"leukocyte Count","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/leukocyte_Count?f_ri=6947"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_55819117" data-work_id="55819117" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/55819117/Endosymbionts_interaction_with_trypanosomes_in_Palpalis_group_of_Glossina_captured_in_southwest_Nigeria">Endosymbionts interaction with trypanosomes in Palpalis group of Glossina captured in southwest Nigeria</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Glossina species epidemiological studies were conducted in "fly-belt" endemic zone of southwest Nigeria. Two major study areas were identified and four Nzi traps were set in each site for tsetse collection. This study was conducted to... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_55819117" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Glossina species epidemiological studies were conducted in "fly-belt" endemic zone of southwest Nigeria. Two major study areas were identified and four Nzi traps were set in each site for tsetse collection. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of endosymbionts (Wigglesworthia glossinidia, Sodalis glossinidius and Wolbachia) in natural field-trapped populations of G. p. palpalis and G. tachinoides and investigate the corresponding interactions with African trypanosomes. A total of 64 tsetse flies were collected, these included G. p. palpalis (n = 28) and G. tachinoides (n = 36). Trypanosome infection and endosymbionts of these flies were determined using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification. The infection rates of W. glossinidia was 100.0% in both species, no flies were positive for Wolbachia. Sodalis glossinidius prevalence was similar between the two-tsetse species, with G. p. palpalis and G. tachinoides showing prevalence of 35.7% (95%CI: 20.7-54.2) and 27.8% (95%CI: 15.9-44.0) respectively. No relationship was found between the endosymbionts and trypanosomes in trapped tsetse flies. More studies are needed to enhance the potential control interventions mediated by endosymbionts to reduce parasitic infections.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/55819117" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c1b54f08521a4ac07ee67a5841f2f213" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":71508940,"asset_id":55819117,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/71508940/download_file?st=MTc0MDU4NjgyOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33137094" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PaulOdeniran">Paul Odeniran</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33137094" type="text/json">{"id":33137094,"first_name":"Paul","last_name":"Odeniran","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PaulOdeniran","display_name":"Paul Odeniran","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PaulOdeniran?f_ri=6947","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_55819117 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="55819117"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 55819117, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_55819117", }); 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Two major study areas were identified and four Nzi traps were set in each site for tsetse collection. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of endosymbionts (Wigglesworthia glossinidia, Sodalis glossinidius and Wolbachia) in natural field-trapped populations of G. p. palpalis and G. tachinoides and investigate the corresponding interactions with African trypanosomes. A total of 64 tsetse flies were collected, these included G. p. palpalis (n = 28) and G. tachinoides (n = 36). Trypanosome infection and endosymbionts of these flies were determined using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification. The infection rates of W. glossinidia was 100.0% in both species, no flies were positive for Wolbachia. Sodalis glossinidius prevalence was similar between the two-tsetse species, with G. p. palpalis and G. tachinoides showing prevalence of 35.7% (95%CI: 20.7-54.2) and 27.8% (95%CI: 15.9-44.0) respectively. No relationship was found between the endosymbionts and trypanosomes in trapped tsetse flies. More studies are needed to enhance the potential control interventions mediated by endosymbionts to reduce parasitic infections.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":71508940,"asset_id":55819117,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33137094,"first_name":"Paul","last_name":"Odeniran","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PaulOdeniran","display_name":"Paul Odeniran","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PaulOdeniran?f_ri=6947","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":164,"name":"Parasitology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Parasitology?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":6947,"name":"Medical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":644860,"name":"Veterinary 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ECCMID / 25th ICC, Oral presentations zAG, and all BALF samples negative for zAg were also negative for zygomycete DNA by PCR. Conclusion: zAg and zygomycete DNA are present in BALF of patients with IZ, and might be a useful tool for... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_31451405" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">17th ECCMID / 25th ICC, Oral presentations zAG, and all BALF samples negative for zAg were also negative for zygomycete DNA by PCR. Conclusion: zAg and zygomycete DNA are present in BALF of patients with IZ, and might be a useful tool for early diagnosis. The presence of both markers in BALF samples from high-risk patients without a clinically manifest disease might indicate the presence of colonisation or subclinical infection.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/31451405" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8cceb88dc3bdacebd92b225f7877d2b6" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":51809829,"asset_id":31451405,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51809829/download_file?st=MTc0MDU4NjgyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="60151085" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JohanVanEldere">Johan Van Eldere</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="60151085" type="text/json">{"id":60151085,"first_name":"Johan Van","last_name":"Eldere","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JohanVanEldere","display_name":"Johan Van Eldere","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JohanVanEldere?f_ri=6947","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-31451405">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-31451405"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/ValeriePintens">Valerie Pintens</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-31451405'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-31451405').html(); 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Conclusion: zAg and zygomycete DNA are present in BALF of patients with IZ, and might be a useful tool for early diagnosis. The presence of both markers in BALF samples from high-risk patients without a clinically manifest disease might indicate the presence of colonisation or subclinical infection.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":51809829,"asset_id":31451405,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":60151085,"first_name":"Johan Van","last_name":"Eldere","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JohanVanEldere","display_name":"Johan Van Eldere","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JohanVanEldere?f_ri=6947","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":60179461,"first_name":"Valerie","last_name":"Pintens","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ValeriePintens","display_name":"Valerie Pintens","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ValeriePintens?f_ri=6947","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":6947,"name":"Medical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":231584,"name":"Staphylococcus epidermidis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Staphylococcus_epidermidis?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":509981,"name":"Antimicrobial agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antimicrobial_agents?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_30824844 coauthored" data-work_id="30824844" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/30824844/Lactobacillus_saerimneri_sp_nov_isolated_from_pig_faeces">Lactobacillus saerimneri sp. nov., isolated from pig faeces</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/30824844" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="da2d23c9718328469799b13e10199076" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":51257851,"asset_id":30824844,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51257851/download_file?st=MTc0MDU4NjgyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="36521017" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SRoos3">S. Roos</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="36521017" type="text/json">{"id":36521017,"first_name":"S.","last_name":"Roos","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SRoos3","display_name":"S. 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Roos","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SRoos3?f_ri=6947","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":24752824,"first_name":"Carsten","last_name":"Pedersen","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"CarstenPedersen1","display_name":"Carsten Pedersen","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/CarstenPedersen1?f_ri=6947","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":155,"name":"Evolutionary Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":6947,"name":"Medical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":54433,"name":"Phylogeny","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phylogeny?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":106368,"name":"Lactobacillus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lactobacillus?f_ri=6947"},{"id":131237,"name":"Cluster Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cluster_Analysis?f_ri=6947"},{"id":419370,"name":"Swine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Swine?f_ri=6947"},{"id":469102,"name":"Feces","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Feces?f_ri=6947"},{"id":1035050,"name":"Proteome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Proteome?f_ri=6947"},{"id":2467566,"name":"Molecular Sequence Data","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Sequence_Data?f_ri=6947"},{"id":2544875,"name":"Sequence homology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sequence_homology?f_ri=6947"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_4486424" data-work_id="4486424" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4486424/Sequence_analyses_of_ITS2_and_CO1_genes_of_Paragonimus_proliferus_obtained_in_Yunnan_province_China_and_their_similarities_with_those_of_P_hokuoensis">Sequence analyses of ITS2 and CO1 genes of Paragonimus proliferus obtained in Yunnan province, China and their similarities with those of P. hokuoensis</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Among about 50 Paragonimus species, Paragonimus proliferus is a rare species characterized by extremely large metacercariae, most of which are present excysted in the crab hosts. Recently, this species was discovered by us in northern... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_4486424" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Among about 50 Paragonimus species, Paragonimus proliferus is a rare species characterized by extremely large metacercariae, most of which are present excysted in the crab hosts. Recently, this species was discovered by us in northern Vietnam as the first record outside of China. DNA sequences of both second internal transcribed spacer region (ITS2) and cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 gene (CO1) genes of the metacercariae and adult worms of P. proliferus of the Vietnamese isolates were identical with those of Paragonimus hokuoensis in the DNA database of the GenBank. To confirm those observations and to clarify the molecular phylogenetic status of P. proliferus, we determined the ITS2 and CO1 sequences of the metacercariae of P. proliferus obtained in Yunnan province, China where the original specimen was discovered. The results show that both ITS2 and CO1 sequences of P. proliferus of the Chinese isolates are identical with those of P. proliferus of the Vietnamese isolates and are also identical with those of P. hokuoensis that appeared in the DNA database (obtained in Yunnan province), suggesting the synonymy of P. hokuoensis with P. proliferus. By phylogenetic tree analyses, all samples of P. proliferus from China and Vietnam together with P. hokuoensis constructed a distinct group within, or very close to, Paragonimus skrjabini complex in both trees.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/4486424" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="238f20df7b19f2d9b48ed8c722509d45" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":49828478,"asset_id":4486424,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49828478/download_file?st=MTc0MDU4NjgyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="5551372" href="https://quytiensinh.academia.edu/LaiPhamNgoc">Lai, Pham Ngoc</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="5551372" type="text/json">{"id":5551372,"first_name":"Lai,","last_name":"Pham Ngoc","domain_name":"quytiensinh","page_name":"LaiPhamNgoc","display_name":"Lai, Pham Ngoc","profile_url":"https://quytiensinh.academia.edu/LaiPhamNgoc?f_ri=6947","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5551372/144312824/133835271/s65_lai_.pham_ngoc.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_4486424 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="4486424"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 4486424, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_4486424", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=4486424]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_4486424").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_4486424").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="4486424"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">17</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="159" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology">Microbiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="159" type="text/json">{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="164" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Parasitology">Parasitology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="164" type="text/json">{"id":164,"name":"Parasitology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Parasitology?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6947" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology">Medical Microbiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6947" type="text/json">{"id":6947,"name":"Medical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12108" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China">China</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="12108" type="text/json">{"id":12108,"name":"China","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=4486424]'), work: {"id":4486424,"title":"Sequence analyses of ITS2 and CO1 genes of Paragonimus proliferus obtained in Yunnan province, China and their similarities with those of P. hokuoensis","created_at":"2013-09-14T10:51:47.315-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/4486424/Sequence_analyses_of_ITS2_and_CO1_genes_of_Paragonimus_proliferus_obtained_in_Yunnan_province_China_and_their_similarities_with_those_of_P_hokuoensis?f_ri=6947","dom_id":"work_4486424","summary":"Among about 50 Paragonimus species, Paragonimus proliferus is a rare species characterized by extremely large metacercariae, most of which are present excysted in the crab hosts. Recently, this species was discovered by us in northern Vietnam as the first record outside of China. DNA sequences of both second internal transcribed spacer region (ITS2) and cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 gene (CO1) genes of the metacercariae and adult worms of P. proliferus of the Vietnamese isolates were identical with those of Paragonimus hokuoensis in the DNA database of the GenBank. To confirm those observations and to clarify the molecular phylogenetic status of P. proliferus, we determined the ITS2 and CO1 sequences of the metacercariae of P. proliferus obtained in Yunnan province, China where the original specimen was discovered. The results show that both ITS2 and CO1 sequences of P. proliferus of the Chinese isolates are identical with those of P. proliferus of the Vietnamese isolates and are also identical with those of P. hokuoensis that appeared in the DNA database (obtained in Yunnan province), suggesting the synonymy of P. hokuoensis with P. proliferus. By phylogenetic tree analyses, all samples of P. proliferus from China and Vietnam together with P. hokuoensis constructed a distinct group within, or very close to, Paragonimus skrjabini complex in both trees.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":49828478,"asset_id":4486424,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":5551372,"first_name":"Lai,","last_name":"Pham Ngoc","domain_name":"quytiensinh","page_name":"LaiPhamNgoc","display_name":"Lai, Pham Ngoc","profile_url":"https://quytiensinh.academia.edu/LaiPhamNgoc?f_ri=6947","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5551372/144312824/133835271/s65_lai_.pham_ngoc.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":164,"name":"Parasitology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Parasitology?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":6947,"name":"Medical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":12108,"name":"China","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":16655,"name":"Vietnam","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vietnam?f_ri=6947"},{"id":54433,"name":"Phylogeny","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phylogeny?f_ri=6947"},{"id":86882,"name":"Rare species","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rare_species?f_ri=6947"},{"id":94271,"name":"Parasite","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Parasite?f_ri=6947"},{"id":181936,"name":"Gene","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene?f_ri=6947"},{"id":245663,"name":"Molecular phylogenetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_phylogenetics?f_ri=6947"},{"id":290137,"name":"Chine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chine?f_ri=6947"},{"id":299411,"name":"First record","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/First_record?f_ri=6947"},{"id":316015,"name":"Gen","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gen?f_ri=6947"},{"id":550697,"name":"Phylogenetic Tree","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phylogenetic_Tree?f_ri=6947"},{"id":644860,"name":"Veterinary Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Veterinary_Sciences?f_ri=6947"},{"id":2274872,"name":"DNA sequence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/DNA_sequence?f_ri=6947"},{"id":2467566,"name":"Molecular Sequence Data","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Sequence_Data?f_ri=6947"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_4498224" data-work_id="4498224" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4498224/Comparative_analysis_of_antibiotic_resistance_immunofluorescent_colony_staining_and_a_transgenic_marker_bioluminescence_for_monitoring_the_environmental_fate_of_a_Rhizobacterium">Comparative analysis of antibiotic resistance, immunofluorescent colony staining, and a transgenic marker (bioluminescence) for monitoring the environmental fate of a Rhizobacterium</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Mycoplasma genitalium has been proposed as a suitable model for an in-depth understanding of the biology of a free-living organism. This paper reports that the expression of the aminoglycoside resistance gene aac(69)-aph(20), the only... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_4498224" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Mycoplasma genitalium has been proposed as a suitable model for an in-depth understanding of the biology of a free-living organism. This paper reports that the expression of the aminoglycoside resistance gene aac(69)-aph(20), the only selectable marker hitherto available for M. genitalium genetic studies, correlates with a growth impairment of the resistant strains. In light of this finding, a tetM438 construction based on the tetracycline resistance gene tetM was developed; it can be used efficiently in M. genitalium and confers multiple advantages when compared to aac(69)-aph(20). The use of tetM438 significantly improves transformation efficiency and generates visible colonies faster. Finally, the improvements in the pMTnTetM438 construction made it possible to obtain insertions in genes which have not been previously considered to be dispensable under laboratory growth conditions.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/4498224" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="da770a448f8baaf02ab0d537838b020a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":49821506,"asset_id":4498224,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49821506/download_file?st=MTc0MDU4NjgyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="5577513" href="https://usda-ars.academia.edu/WalterMahaffee">Walter Mahaffee</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="5577513" type="text/json">{"id":5577513,"first_name":"Walter","last_name":"Mahaffee","domain_name":"usda-ars","page_name":"WalterMahaffee","display_name":"Walter Mahaffee","profile_url":"https://usda-ars.academia.edu/WalterMahaffee?f_ri=6947","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_4498224 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="4498224"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 4498224, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_4498224", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_4498224 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 4498224; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_4498224"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_4498224 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="4498224"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 4498224; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=4498224]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_4498224").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_4498224").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="4498224"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">15</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="159" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology">Microbiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="159" type="text/json">{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1444" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_microbiology">Environmental microbiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1444" type="text/json">{"id":1444,"name":"Environmental microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_microbiology?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6947" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology">Medical Microbiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6947" type="text/json">{"id":6947,"name":"Medical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="17960" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infectious_Diseases">Infectious Diseases</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="17960" type="text/json">{"id":17960,"name":"Infectious Diseases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infectious_Diseases?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=4498224]'), work: {"id":4498224,"title":"Comparative analysis of antibiotic resistance, immunofluorescent colony staining, and a transgenic marker (bioluminescence) for monitoring the environmental fate of a Rhizobacterium","created_at":"2013-09-16T02:14:48.324-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/4498224/Comparative_analysis_of_antibiotic_resistance_immunofluorescent_colony_staining_and_a_transgenic_marker_bioluminescence_for_monitoring_the_environmental_fate_of_a_Rhizobacterium?f_ri=6947","dom_id":"work_4498224","summary":"Mycoplasma genitalium has been proposed as a suitable model for an in-depth understanding of the biology of a free-living organism. This paper reports that the expression of the aminoglycoside resistance gene aac(69)-aph(20), the only selectable marker hitherto available for M. genitalium genetic studies, correlates with a growth impairment of the resistant strains. In light of this finding, a tetM438 construction based on the tetracycline resistance gene tetM was developed; it can be used efficiently in M. genitalium and confers multiple advantages when compared to aac(69)-aph(20). The use of tetM438 significantly improves transformation efficiency and generates visible colonies faster. Finally, the improvements in the pMTnTetM438 construction made it possible to obtain insertions in genes which have not been previously considered to be dispensable under laboratory growth conditions.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":49821506,"asset_id":4498224,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":5577513,"first_name":"Walter","last_name":"Mahaffee","domain_name":"usda-ars","page_name":"WalterMahaffee","display_name":"Walter Mahaffee","profile_url":"https://usda-ars.academia.edu/WalterMahaffee?f_ri=6947","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":1444,"name":"Environmental microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_microbiology?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":6947,"name":"Medical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":17960,"name":"Infectious Diseases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infectious_Diseases?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=6947"},{"id":35620,"name":"Antibiotic Resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antibiotic_Resistance?f_ri=6947"},{"id":107664,"name":"Applied Environmental Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Environmental_Microbiology?f_ri=6947"},{"id":115151,"name":"Microbial genetic and drug resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbial_genetic_and_drug_resistance?f_ri=6947"},{"id":152553,"name":"Comparative Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Analysis?f_ri=6947"},{"id":158914,"name":"Luminescence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Luminescence?f_ri=6947"},{"id":313005,"name":"Mycoplasma Genitalium","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mycoplasma_Genitalium?f_ri=6947"},{"id":323597,"name":"Fluorescent Antibody Technique","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fluorescent_Antibody_Technique?f_ri=6947"},{"id":335984,"name":"Anti-Bacterial Agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anti-Bacterial_Agents?f_ri=6947"},{"id":858129,"name":"Rhizobiaceae","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rhizobiaceae?f_ri=6947"},{"id":1232430,"name":"Genetic Markers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetic_Markers?f_ri=6947"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_4850860" data-work_id="4850860" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4850860/Purification_and_Characterization_of_Chitinases_from_the_Nematophagous_Fungi_Verticillium_chlamydosporium_and_V_suchlasporium">Purification and Characterization of Chitinases from the Nematophagous Fungi Verticillium chlamydosporium and V. suchlasporium</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">N-acetyl-β-D-hexosaminidase was purified from wheat bran and characterized. The purified enzyme showed two protein bands on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) with molecular mass of 75 and 78 kDa. The... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_4850860" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">N-acetyl-β-D-hexosaminidase was purified from wheat bran and characterized. The purified enzyme showed two protein bands on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) with molecular mass of 75 and 78 kDa. The enzyme exhibited optimum pH and temperature at 5.0 and 50 o C, respectively. The enzyme was active on the substrates of p-nitrophenyl-Nacetyl-β-D-glucosaminide (pNP-GlcNAc) and p-nitrophenyl-Nacetyl-β-D-galactosaminide (pNP-GalNAc), whereas inactive on pNP-β-D-glucopyranoside, pNP-β-D-galactopyranoside, swollen chitin, and colloidal chitin, suggesting high substrate specificity. The enzyme activity for pNP-GlcNAc was stable at pH 3-6 and under 50 o C. The K m , V max and K cat for pNP-GlcNAc were 0.014 mM, 0.05 µmol/min, and 3.01×10 6 min −1 , respectively. The enzyme could be completely inhibited at 1-10 mM HgCl 2 and AgNO 3, suggesting that the intact thiol group is essential for activity. β-N-Acetylhexosaminidase from wheat bran could inhibit the conidial germination and digest the hyphae of Fusarium solani.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/4850860" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="685a0018fe27f45df14ad7d05574b702" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":49601086,"asset_id":4850860,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49601086/download_file?st=MTc0MDU4NjgyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="6294908" href="https://udec-cl.academia.edu/HansSalinas">Hans Salinas</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="6294908" type="text/json">{"id":6294908,"first_name":"Hans","last_name":"Salinas","domain_name":"udec-cl","page_name":"HansSalinas","display_name":"Hans Salinas","profile_url":"https://udec-cl.academia.edu/HansSalinas?f_ri=6947","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_4850860 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="4850860"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 4850860, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_4850860", }); 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The purified enzyme showed two protein bands on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) with molecular mass of 75 and 78 kDa. The enzyme exhibited optimum pH and temperature at 5.0 and 50 o C, respectively. The enzyme was active on the substrates of p-nitrophenyl-Nacetyl-β-D-glucosaminide (pNP-GlcNAc) and p-nitrophenyl-Nacetyl-β-D-galactosaminide (pNP-GalNAc), whereas inactive on pNP-β-D-glucopyranoside, pNP-β-D-galactopyranoside, swollen chitin, and colloidal chitin, suggesting high substrate specificity. The enzyme activity for pNP-GlcNAc was stable at pH 3-6 and under 50 o C. The K m , V max and K cat for pNP-GlcNAc were 0.014 mM, 0.05 µmol/min, and 3.01×10 6 min −1 , respectively. The enzyme could be completely inhibited at 1-10 mM HgCl 2 and AgNO 3, suggesting that the intact thiol group is essential for activity. β-N-Acetylhexosaminidase from wheat bran could inhibit the conidial germination and digest the hyphae of Fusarium solani.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":49601086,"asset_id":4850860,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":6294908,"first_name":"Hans","last_name":"Salinas","domain_name":"udec-cl","page_name":"HansSalinas","display_name":"Hans Salinas","profile_url":"https://udec-cl.academia.edu/HansSalinas?f_ri=6947","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":156,"name":"Genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetics?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":531,"name":"Organic Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organic_Chemistry?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":923,"name":"Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Technology?f_ri=6947"},{"id":4987,"name":"Kinetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kinetics?f_ri=6947"},{"id":5398,"name":"Biotechnology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biotechnology?f_ri=6947"},{"id":5541,"name":"Plant Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Biology?f_ri=6947"},{"id":6947,"name":"Medical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology?f_ri=6947"},{"id":10655,"name":"Scanning Electron Microscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scanning_Electron_Microscopy?f_ri=6947"},{"id":14907,"name":"Industrial Biotechnology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Industrial_Biotechnology?f_ri=6947"},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=6947"},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=6947"},{"id":55172,"name":"Streptomyces","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Streptomyces?f_ri=6947"},{"id":70061,"name":"Food Biochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_Biochemistry?f_ri=6947"},{"id":73035,"name":"Microbiology and Biotechnology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology_and_Biotechnology?f_ri=6947"},{"id":74761,"name":"Industrial microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Industrial_microbiology?f_ri=6947"},{"id":118339,"name":"Polymerase Chain Reaction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymerase_Chain_Reaction?f_ri=6947"},{"id":130447,"name":"Biocontrol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biocontrol?f_ri=6947"},{"id":133177,"name":"Temperature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Temperature?f_ri=6947"},{"id":160656,"name":"Potassium","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Potassium?f_ri=6947"},{"id":205584,"name":"Solubility","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Solubility?f_ri=6947"},{"id":207536,"name":"Red Algae","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Red_Algae?f_ri=6947"},{"id":295729,"name":"Protein expression and purification","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Protein_expression_and_purification?f_ri=6947"},{"id":328449,"name":"Molecules","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecules?f_ri=6947"},{"id":371425,"name":"Electrophoresis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electrophoresis?f_ri=6947"},{"id":432129,"name":"Substrate Specificity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Substrate_Specificity?f_ri=6947"},{"id":437728,"name":"Isoenzymes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Isoenzymes?f_ri=6947"},{"id":461851,"name":"Diptera","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diptera?f_ri=6947"},{"id":517824,"name":"Fungal Genetics and Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fungal_Genetics_and_Biology?f_ri=6947"},{"id":529713,"name":"Chitinase","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chitinase?f_ri=6947"},{"id":564460,"name":"Protoplasts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Protoplasts?f_ri=6947"},{"id":573653,"name":"Food Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_Sciences?f_ri=6947"},{"id":809881,"name":"Amino Acid Sequence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Amino_Acid_Sequence?f_ri=6947"},{"id":1137254,"name":"Hydrogen-Ion Concentration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hydrogen-Ion_Concentration?f_ri=6947"},{"id":1169238,"name":"Chitin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chitin?f_ri=6947"},{"id":1681026,"name":"Biochemistry and cell biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biochemistry_and_cell_biology?f_ri=6947"},{"id":1746898,"name":"BASIDIOMYCOTA","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/BASIDIOMYCOTA?f_ri=6947"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_29052542" data-work_id="29052542" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/29052542/Insulin_induces_PFKFB3_gene_expression_in_HT29_human_colon_adenocarcinoma_cells">Insulin induces PFKFB3 gene expression in HT29 human colon adenocarcinoma cells</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Fructose 2,6-bisphosphate is present at high concentrations in many established lines of transformed cells. It plays a key role in the maintenance of a high glycolytic rate by coupling hormonal and growth factor signals with metabolic... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_29052542" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Fructose 2,6-bisphosphate is present at high concentrations in many established lines of transformed cells. It plays a key role in the maintenance of a high glycolytic rate by coupling hormonal and growth factor signals with metabolic demand. The concentration of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate is controlled by the activity of the homodimeric bifunctional enzyme 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase (PFK-2). We report here the PFKFB-3 gene expression control by insulin in the human colon adenocarcinoma HT29 cell line. The incubation of these cells with 1 WM insulin resulted in an increase in the PFK-2 mRNA level after 6 h of treatment, this effect being blocked by actinomycin D. Furthermore, insulin induced ubiquitous PFK-2 protein levels, that were evident after a lag of 3 h and could be inhibited by incubation with cycloheximide. ß</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/29052542" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="361d9f50c0857454d6eb69541d59bd69" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":49505626,"asset_id":29052542,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49505626/download_file?st=MTc0MDU4NjgyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="54592065" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ManzanoAnna">Anna Manzano</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="54592065" type="text/json">{"id":54592065,"first_name":"Anna","last_name":"Manzano","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ManzanoAnna","display_name":"Anna Manzano","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ManzanoAnna?f_ri=6947","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/54592065/14444568/15345924/s65_anna.manzano.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_29052542 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="29052542"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 29052542, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_29052542", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=29052542]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_29052542").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_29052542").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="29052542"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">16</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6947" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology">Medical Microbiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6947" type="text/json">{"id":6947,"name":"Medical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="27784" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_expression">Gene expression</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="27784" type="text/json">{"id":27784,"name":"Gene expression","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_expression?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47884" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences">Biological Sciences</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="47884" type="text/json">{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="57808" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_line">Cell line</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="57808" type="text/json">{"id":57808,"name":"Cell line","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_line?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=29052542]'), work: {"id":29052542,"title":"Insulin induces PFKFB3 gene expression in HT29 human colon adenocarcinoma cells","created_at":"2016-10-10T08:05:27.210-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/29052542/Insulin_induces_PFKFB3_gene_expression_in_HT29_human_colon_adenocarcinoma_cells?f_ri=6947","dom_id":"work_29052542","summary":"Fructose 2,6-bisphosphate is present at high concentrations in many established lines of transformed cells. It plays a key role in the maintenance of a high glycolytic rate by coupling hormonal and growth factor signals with metabolic demand. The concentration of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate is controlled by the activity of the homodimeric bifunctional enzyme 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase (PFK-2). We report here the PFKFB-3 gene expression control by insulin in the human colon adenocarcinoma HT29 cell line. The incubation of these cells with 1 WM insulin resulted in an increase in the PFK-2 mRNA level after 6 h of treatment, this effect being blocked by actinomycin D. Furthermore, insulin induced ubiquitous PFK-2 protein levels, that were evident after a lag of 3 h and could be inhibited by incubation with cycloheximide. ß","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":49505626,"asset_id":29052542,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":54592065,"first_name":"Anna","last_name":"Manzano","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ManzanoAnna","display_name":"Anna Manzano","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ManzanoAnna?f_ri=6947","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/54592065/14444568/15345924/s65_anna.manzano.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":6947,"name":"Medical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":27784,"name":"Gene expression","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_expression?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":57808,"name":"Cell line","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_line?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":71400,"name":"Insulin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Insulin?f_ri=6947"},{"id":71476,"name":"Phosphofructokinase","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phosphofructokinase?f_ri=6947"},{"id":118582,"name":"Physical sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physical_sciences?f_ri=6947"},{"id":172897,"name":"Glycolysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Glycolysis?f_ri=6947"},{"id":181569,"name":"Proteins","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Proteins?f_ri=6947"},{"id":231661,"name":"Enzyme","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Enzyme?f_ri=6947"},{"id":413195,"name":"Time Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Time_Factors?f_ri=6947"},{"id":951344,"name":"Growth Factor","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Growth_Factor?f_ri=6947"},{"id":1588981,"name":"Protein Biosynthesis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Protein_Biosynthesis?f_ri=6947"},{"id":1681026,"name":"Biochemistry and cell biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biochemistry_and_cell_biology?f_ri=6947"},{"id":1763968,"name":"Gene Expression Regulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_Expression_Regulation?f_ri=6947"},{"id":2262749,"name":"Cycloheximide","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cycloheximide?f_ri=6947"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_29041764" data-work_id="29041764" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/29041764/Development_of_a_novel_recombinant_encapsidated_RNA_particle_Evaluation_as_an_internal_control_for_diagnostic_RT_PCR">Development of a novel recombinant encapsidated RNA particle: Evaluation as an internal control for diagnostic RT-PCR</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This report describes the generation of novel encapsidated RNA particles and their evaluation as in-tube internal controls in diagnostic real-time reverse-transcription PCR (rRT-PCR) assays for the detection of RNA viruses. A cassette... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_29041764" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This report describes the generation of novel encapsidated RNA particles and their evaluation as in-tube internal controls in diagnostic real-time reverse-transcription PCR (rRT-PCR) assays for the detection of RNA viruses. A cassette containing sequences of 2 diagnostic primer sets for foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) and a set for swine vesicular disease virus (SVDV) was engineered into a full-length cDNA clone containing the RNA-2 segment of Cowpea Mosaic Virus (CPMV). After co-inoculation with a plasmid that expressed CPMV RNA-1, recombinant virus particles were rescued from cowpea plants (Vigna unguiculata). RNA contained in these particles was amplified in diagnostic rRT-PCR assays used for detection of FMDV and SVDV. Amplification of these internal controls was used to confirm that rRT-PCR inhibitors were absent from clinical samples, thereby verifying negative assay results. The recombinant CPMVs did not reduce the analytical sensitivity of the rRT-PCRs when amplification of the insert was performed in the same tube as the diagnostic target. This system provides an attractive solution to the production of internal controls for rRT-PCR assays since CPMV grows to high yields in plants, the particles are thermostable, RNase resistant and simple purification of RNA-2 containing capsids yields a preparation which is non-infectious.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/29041764" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d55662758724ebae09cdafaa412a5e8b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":49494977,"asset_id":29041764,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49494977/download_file?st=MTc0MDU4NjgyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="54762338" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ScottReid12">Scott Reid</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="54762338" type="text/json">{"id":54762338,"first_name":"Scott","last_name":"Reid","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ScottReid12","display_name":"Scott Reid","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ScottReid12?f_ri=6947","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_29041764 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="29041764"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 29041764, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_29041764", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=29041764]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_29041764").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_29041764").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="29041764"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">15</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="159" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology">Microbiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="159" type="text/json">{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3701" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/RNA">RNA</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3701" type="text/json">{"id":3701,"name":"RNA","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/RNA?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6947" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology">Medical Microbiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6947" type="text/json">{"id":6947,"name":"Medical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8089" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virology">Virology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="8089" type="text/json">{"id":8089,"name":"Virology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virology?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=29041764]'), work: {"id":29041764,"title":"Development of a novel recombinant encapsidated RNA particle: Evaluation as an internal control for diagnostic RT-PCR","created_at":"2016-10-10T00:32:56.214-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/29041764/Development_of_a_novel_recombinant_encapsidated_RNA_particle_Evaluation_as_an_internal_control_for_diagnostic_RT_PCR?f_ri=6947","dom_id":"work_29041764","summary":"This report describes the generation of novel encapsidated RNA particles and their evaluation as in-tube internal controls in diagnostic real-time reverse-transcription PCR (rRT-PCR) assays for the detection of RNA viruses. A cassette containing sequences of 2 diagnostic primer sets for foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) and a set for swine vesicular disease virus (SVDV) was engineered into a full-length cDNA clone containing the RNA-2 segment of Cowpea Mosaic Virus (CPMV). After co-inoculation with a plasmid that expressed CPMV RNA-1, recombinant virus particles were rescued from cowpea plants (Vigna unguiculata). RNA contained in these particles was amplified in diagnostic rRT-PCR assays used for detection of FMDV and SVDV. Amplification of these internal controls was used to confirm that rRT-PCR inhibitors were absent from clinical samples, thereby verifying negative assay results. The recombinant CPMVs did not reduce the analytical sensitivity of the rRT-PCRs when amplification of the insert was performed in the same tube as the diagnostic target. This system provides an attractive solution to the production of internal controls for rRT-PCR assays since CPMV grows to high yields in plants, the particles are thermostable, RNase resistant and simple purification of RNA-2 containing capsids yields a preparation which is non-infectious.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":49494977,"asset_id":29041764,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":54762338,"first_name":"Scott","last_name":"Reid","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ScottReid12","display_name":"Scott Reid","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ScottReid12?f_ri=6947","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":3701,"name":"RNA","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/RNA?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":6947,"name":"Medical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":8089,"name":"Virology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virology?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":37833,"name":"Real-time RT-PCR","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Real-time_RT-PCR?f_ri=6947"},{"id":48288,"name":"Internal Control","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Internal_Control?f_ri=6947"},{"id":107083,"name":"Method","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Method?f_ri=6947"},{"id":201140,"name":"Capsid","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Capsid?f_ri=6947"},{"id":216801,"name":"Journal of Virological Methods","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Journal_of_Virological_Methods?f_ri=6947"},{"id":219482,"name":"Foot and Mouth Disease","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Foot_and_Mouth_Disease?f_ri=6947"},{"id":229390,"name":"Real Time","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Real_Time?f_ri=6947"},{"id":419370,"name":"Swine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Swine?f_ri=6947"},{"id":901876,"name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sensitivity_and_Specificity?f_ri=6947"},{"id":1363685,"name":"Vigna Unguiculata","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vigna_Unguiculata?f_ri=6947"},{"id":1556410,"name":"Full Length Movies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Full_Length_Movies?f_ri=6947"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_5214854" data-work_id="5214854" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/5214854/Mycobacterium_tuberculosis_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates_evidence_of_local_transmission_with_unique_strains">Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the United Arab Emirates: evidence of local transmission with unique strains</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">A retrospective epidemiological analysis was performed of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections in the Al Ain Medical District, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates (U.A.E.) during the period 1995-2000. The mean incidence for the study period was... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_5214854" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">A retrospective epidemiological analysis was performed of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections in the Al Ain Medical District, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates (U.A.E.) during the period 1995-2000. The mean incidence for the study period was 7.1%, more than 3 times that reported for the period 1983-1992 (2.1%). For the years 1997 through 2000, the highest incidences (-5-7% of tested) were from health care facilities that cater exclusively for citizens and long-term residents of the U.A.E. Corresponding rates for the immigrant visa applicants (non-citizens) were lower and showed a dramatic decrease from -18% in 1995 to -2% in 2000. Most importantly, the number of multidrug-resistant cases showed an increase from 1.4% during the period August 1997-December 1998 to 8.5% during the period January 1999-July 2000. Analysis of 7 different isolates by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) showed RFLP patterns that did not match >4000 individual patterns from 32 countries, suggesting the possible presence of M. tuberculosis strains unique to the U.A.E. Our data demonstrate local transmission of M. tuberculosis in the Al Ain Medical Region of the U.A.E.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/5214854" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="61d04a8d31eb27b6ed49527decb6a31c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":49396918,"asset_id":5214854,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49396918/download_file?st=MTc0MDU4NjgyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="7104558" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HusseinFarooq">Hussein Farooq</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="7104558" type="text/json">{"id":7104558,"first_name":"Hussein","last_name":"Farooq","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"HusseinFarooq","display_name":"Hussein Farooq","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/HusseinFarooq?f_ri=6947","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/7104558/2673291/3111327/s65_hussein.farooq.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_5214854 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="5214854"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 5214854, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_5214854", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=5214854]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_5214854").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_5214854").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="5214854"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="159" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology">Microbiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="159" type="text/json">{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4441" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Care">Health Care</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4441" type="text/json">{"id":4441,"name":"Health Care","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Care?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6947" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology">Medical Microbiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6947" type="text/json">{"id":6947,"name":"Medical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="52211" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/United_Arab_Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="52211" type="text/json">{"id":52211,"name":"United Arab Emirates","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/United_Arab_Emirates?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=5214854]'), work: {"id":5214854,"title":"Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the United Arab Emirates: evidence of local transmission with unique strains","created_at":"2013-11-25T04:01:42.962-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/5214854/Mycobacterium_tuberculosis_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates_evidence_of_local_transmission_with_unique_strains?f_ri=6947","dom_id":"work_5214854","summary":"A retrospective epidemiological analysis was performed of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections in the Al Ain Medical District, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates (U.A.E.) during the period 1995-2000. The mean incidence for the study period was 7.1%, more than 3 times that reported for the period 1983-1992 (2.1%). For the years 1997 through 2000, the highest incidences (-5-7% of tested) were from health care facilities that cater exclusively for citizens and long-term residents of the U.A.E. Corresponding rates for the immigrant visa applicants (non-citizens) were lower and showed a dramatic decrease from -18% in 1995 to -2% in 2000. Most importantly, the number of multidrug-resistant cases showed an increase from 1.4% during the period August 1997-December 1998 to 8.5% during the period January 1999-July 2000. Analysis of 7 different isolates by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) showed RFLP patterns that did not match \u003e4000 individual patterns from 32 countries, suggesting the possible presence of M. tuberculosis strains unique to the U.A.E. Our data demonstrate local transmission of M. tuberculosis in the Al Ain Medical Region of the U.A.E.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":49396918,"asset_id":5214854,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":7104558,"first_name":"Hussein","last_name":"Farooq","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"HusseinFarooq","display_name":"Hussein Farooq","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/HusseinFarooq?f_ri=6947","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/7104558/2673291/3111327/s65_hussein.farooq.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":4441,"name":"Health Care","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Care?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":6947,"name":"Medical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":52211,"name":"United Arab Emirates","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/United_Arab_Emirates?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":62235,"name":"Tuberculosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tuberculosis?f_ri=6947"},{"id":68318,"name":"Mycobacterium tuberculosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mycobacterium_tuberculosis?f_ri=6947"},{"id":94123,"name":"Multidrug Resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidrug_Resistance?f_ri=6947"},{"id":102583,"name":"Drug Resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Resistance?f_ri=6947"},{"id":174502,"name":"Incidence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Incidence?f_ri=6947"},{"id":410370,"name":"Public health systems and services research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_health_systems_and_services_research-1?f_ri=6947"},{"id":469105,"name":"Retrospective Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Retrospective_Studies?f_ri=6947"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_5229650" data-work_id="5229650" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/5229650/Transmission_of_human_hepatitis_C_virus_from_patients_in_secondary_cells_for_long_term_culture">Transmission of human hepatitis C virus from patients in secondary cells for long term culture</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Infection by human hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the principal cause of post-transfusion hepatitis and chronic liver diseases worldwide. A reliable in vitro culture system for the isolation and analysis of this virus is not currently... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_5229650" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Infection by human hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the principal cause of post-transfusion hepatitis and chronic liver diseases worldwide. A reliable in vitro culture system for the isolation and analysis of this virus is not currently available, and, as a consequence, HCV pathogenesis is poorly understood. We report here the first robust in vitro system for the isolation and propagation of HCV from infected donor blood. This system involves infecting freshly prepared macrophages with HCV and then transmission of macrophage-adapted virus into freshly immortalized B-cells from human fetal cord blood. Using this system, newly isolated HCV have been replicated in vitro in continuous cultures for over 130 weeks. These isolates were also transmitted by cell-free methods into different cell types, including B-cells, T-cells and neuronal precursor cells. These secondarily infected cells also produced in vitro transmissible infectious virus. Replication of HCV-RNA was validated by RT-PCR analysis and by in situ hybridization. Although nucleic acid sequencing of the HCV isolate reported here indicates that the isolate is probably of type 1a, other HCV types have also been isolated using this system. Western blot analysis shows the synthesis of major HCV structural proteins. We present here, for the first time, a method for productively growing HCV in vitro for prolonged periods of time. This method allows studies related to understanding the replication process, viral pathogenesis, and the development of anti-HCV drugs and vaccines.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/5229650" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="84bfd19308dc66705f011837e1ff7667" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":49390908,"asset_id":5229650,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49390908/download_file?st=MTc0MDU4NjgyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="7137554" href="https://independent.academia.edu/NickolasChelyapov">Nickolas Chelyapov</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="7137554" type="text/json">{"id":7137554,"first_name":"Nickolas","last_name":"Chelyapov","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"NickolasChelyapov","display_name":"Nickolas Chelyapov","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/NickolasChelyapov?f_ri=6947","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_5229650 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="5229650"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 5229650, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_5229650", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=5229650]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_5229650").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_5229650").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="5229650"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">15</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="159" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology">Microbiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="159" type="text/json">{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3642" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stem_Cells">Stem Cells</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3642" type="text/json">{"id":3642,"name":"Stem Cells","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stem_Cells?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6947" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology">Medical Microbiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6947" type="text/json">{"id":6947,"name":"Medical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8089" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virology">Virology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="8089" type="text/json">{"id":8089,"name":"Virology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virology?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=5229650]'), work: {"id":5229650,"title":"Transmission of human hepatitis C virus from patients in secondary cells for long term culture","created_at":"2013-11-26T07:12:50.678-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/5229650/Transmission_of_human_hepatitis_C_virus_from_patients_in_secondary_cells_for_long_term_culture?f_ri=6947","dom_id":"work_5229650","summary":"Infection by human hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the principal cause of post-transfusion hepatitis and chronic liver diseases worldwide. A reliable in vitro culture system for the isolation and analysis of this virus is not currently available, and, as a consequence, HCV pathogenesis is poorly understood. We report here the first robust in vitro system for the isolation and propagation of HCV from infected donor blood. This system involves infecting freshly prepared macrophages with HCV and then transmission of macrophage-adapted virus into freshly immortalized B-cells from human fetal cord blood. Using this system, newly isolated HCV have been replicated in vitro in continuous cultures for over 130 weeks. These isolates were also transmitted by cell-free methods into different cell types, including B-cells, T-cells and neuronal precursor cells. These secondarily infected cells also produced in vitro transmissible infectious virus. Replication of HCV-RNA was validated by RT-PCR analysis and by in situ hybridization. Although nucleic acid sequencing of the HCV isolate reported here indicates that the isolate is probably of type 1a, other HCV types have also been isolated using this system. Western blot analysis shows the synthesis of major HCV structural proteins. We present here, for the first time, a method for productively growing HCV in vitro for prolonged periods of time. This method allows studies related to understanding the replication process, viral pathogenesis, and the development of anti-HCV drugs and vaccines.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":49390908,"asset_id":5229650,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":7137554,"first_name":"Nickolas","last_name":"Chelyapov","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"NickolasChelyapov","display_name":"Nickolas Chelyapov","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/NickolasChelyapov?f_ri=6947","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":3642,"name":"Stem Cells","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stem_Cells?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":6947,"name":"Medical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":8089,"name":"Virology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virology?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":17491,"name":"Macrophages","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Macrophages?f_ri=6947"},{"id":27385,"name":"Hepatitis C","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hepatitis_C?f_ri=6947"},{"id":88839,"name":"Cord Blood","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cord_Blood?f_ri=6947"},{"id":140320,"name":"Hepatitis C Virus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hepatitis_C_Virus?f_ri=6947"},{"id":193974,"name":"Neurons","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurons?f_ri=6947"},{"id":280237,"name":"T lymphocytes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/T_lymphocytes?f_ri=6947"},{"id":413750,"name":"In vitro culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/In_vitro_culture?f_ri=6947"},{"id":462111,"name":"Western blot","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blot?f_ri=6947"},{"id":678853,"name":"B Lymphocytes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/B_Lymphocytes?f_ri=6947"},{"id":1002079,"name":"Continuous Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Continuous_Culture?f_ri=6947"},{"id":1255525,"name":"Chronic Liver Disease","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chronic_Liver_Disease?f_ri=6947"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_6414579" data-work_id="6414579" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/6414579/A_duplex_Neisseria_gonorrhoeae_real_time_polymerase_chain_reaction_assay_targeting_the_gonococcal_porA_pseudogene_and_multicopy_opa_genes">A duplex Neisseria gonorrhoeae real-time polymerase chain reaction assay targeting the gonococcal porA pseudogene and multicopy opa genes</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">code VAL-0008 versie 5.0 pagina 1 / 16 verantw GD revisie 9-3-2012 De inhoud van dit afgedrukte document is enkel geldig indien het overeenstemt met de meest recente elektronische versie © nadruk verboden I) Scope Implementatie van een... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_6414579" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">code VAL-0008 versie 5.0 pagina 1 / 16 verantw GD revisie 9-3-2012 De inhoud van dit afgedrukte document is enkel geldig indien het overeenstemt met de meest recente elektronische versie © nadruk verboden I) Scope Implementatie van een moleculaire test: Parameter: Neisseria gonorrhoeae kwalitatief Matrix: Urine (M) en genitale wissers (V) in eSwab transportmedium Toestel: Rotorgene 6000 (Qiagen) Techniek: Real-time PCR Kit: Diagenode Neisseria gonorrhoeae real-time PCR kit + Qiagen Quantifast Probe PCR Master Mix Een nieuwe moleculaire test is nodig ter vervanging van de vroegere in-house NG NASBA assay, die specificiteitsproblemen vertoonde (commensale Neisseria species werden opgepikt). De kit van Diagenode is CE-IVD approved en is gevalideerd in combinatie met de Nuclisens EasyMAG en de Rotorgene 6000. De Master Mix wordt apart aangekocht bij Qiagen (Quantifast Probe PCR Master Mix). Onze start-en elutievolumes zijn verschillend met wat in de bijsluiter wordt aangeraden, dus zullen we de LOD opnieuw moeten bepalen. De kit is gebaseerd op het artikel "A duplex Neisseria gonorrhoeae real-time polymerase chain reaction assay targeting the gonococcal porA pseudogene and multicopy opa genes. Namray Goire, Michael D. Nissen, Genevera M. LeCornec, Theo P.Sloots, David M. Whiley. Diagnostic Microbiology and infectious disease 61 (2008) 6-12" en gebruikt dezelfde primers en probes voor de detectie van Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Hierdoor kunnen we de data uit dit artikel en gerelateerde artikels gebruiken in het validatiedossier.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/6414579" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="cc19f3e2caff78f651c8a5bee3329819" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48878070,"asset_id":6414579,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48878070/download_file?st=MTc0MDU4NjgyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="10091437" href="https://uq.academia.edu/MNissen">Michael Nissen</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="10091437" type="text/json">{"id":10091437,"first_name":"Michael","last_name":"Nissen","domain_name":"uq","page_name":"MNissen","display_name":"Michael Nissen","profile_url":"https://uq.academia.edu/MNissen?f_ri=6947","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_6414579 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="6414579"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 6414579, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_6414579", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=6414579]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_6414579").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_6414579").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="6414579"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">16</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="159" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology">Microbiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="159" type="text/json">{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6947" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology">Medical Microbiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6947" type="text/json">{"id":6947,"name":"Medical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22506" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent">Adolescent</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="22506" type="text/json">{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="51784" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/real_time_PCR">real time PCR</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="51784" type="text/json">{"id":51784,"name":"real time PCR","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/real_time_PCR?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=6414579]'), work: {"id":6414579,"title":"A duplex Neisseria gonorrhoeae real-time polymerase chain reaction assay targeting the gonococcal porA pseudogene and multicopy opa genes","created_at":"2014-03-14T11:59:37.633-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/6414579/A_duplex_Neisseria_gonorrhoeae_real_time_polymerase_chain_reaction_assay_targeting_the_gonococcal_porA_pseudogene_and_multicopy_opa_genes?f_ri=6947","dom_id":"work_6414579","summary":"code VAL-0008 versie 5.0 pagina 1 / 16 verantw GD revisie 9-3-2012 De inhoud van dit afgedrukte document is enkel geldig indien het overeenstemt met de meest recente elektronische versie © nadruk verboden I) Scope Implementatie van een moleculaire test: Parameter: Neisseria gonorrhoeae kwalitatief Matrix: Urine (M) en genitale wissers (V) in eSwab transportmedium Toestel: Rotorgene 6000 (Qiagen) Techniek: Real-time PCR Kit: Diagenode Neisseria gonorrhoeae real-time PCR kit + Qiagen Quantifast Probe PCR Master Mix Een nieuwe moleculaire test is nodig ter vervanging van de vroegere in-house NG NASBA assay, die specificiteitsproblemen vertoonde (commensale Neisseria species werden opgepikt). De kit van Diagenode is CE-IVD approved en is gevalideerd in combinatie met de Nuclisens EasyMAG en de Rotorgene 6000. De Master Mix wordt apart aangekocht bij Qiagen (Quantifast Probe PCR Master Mix). Onze start-en elutievolumes zijn verschillend met wat in de bijsluiter wordt aangeraden, dus zullen we de LOD opnieuw moeten bepalen. De kit is gebaseerd op het artikel \"A duplex Neisseria gonorrhoeae real-time polymerase chain reaction assay targeting the gonococcal porA pseudogene and multicopy opa genes. Namray Goire, Michael D. Nissen, Genevera M. LeCornec, Theo P.Sloots, David M. Whiley. Diagnostic Microbiology and infectious disease 61 (2008) 6-12\" en gebruikt dezelfde primers en probes voor de detectie van Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Hierdoor kunnen we de data uit dit artikel en gerelateerde artikels gebruiken in het validatiedossier.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":48878070,"asset_id":6414579,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":10091437,"first_name":"Michael","last_name":"Nissen","domain_name":"uq","page_name":"MNissen","display_name":"Michael Nissen","profile_url":"https://uq.academia.edu/MNissen?f_ri=6947","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":6947,"name":"Medical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":51784,"name":"real time PCR","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/real_time_PCR?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child?f_ri=6947"},{"id":81309,"name":"Infectious Disease","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infectious_Disease?f_ri=6947"},{"id":118339,"name":"Polymerase Chain Reaction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymerase_Chain_Reaction?f_ri=6947"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=6947"},{"id":289271,"name":"Aged","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aged?f_ri=6947"},{"id":475028,"name":"Genitalia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genitalia?f_ri=6947"},{"id":901876,"name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sensitivity_and_Specificity?f_ri=6947"},{"id":1121402,"name":"OPA","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/OPA?f_ri=6947"},{"id":1180553,"name":"Pseudogenes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pseudogenes?f_ri=6947"},{"id":1736784,"name":"Neisseria gonorrhoeae","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neisseria_gonorrhoeae?f_ri=6947"},{"id":2005029,"name":"False Negative","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/False_Negative?f_ri=6947"},{"id":2489700,"name":"Child preschool","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child_preschool?f_ri=6947"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_7894614" data-work_id="7894614" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/7894614/Transmission_studies_of_intestinal_schistosomiasis_in_Lake_Albert_Uganda_and_experimental_compatibility_of_local_Biomphalaria_spp">Transmission studies of intestinal schistosomiasis in Lake Albert, Uganda and experimental compatibility of local Biomphalaria spp</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Despite ongoing preventive chemotherapy campaigns, intestinal schistosomiasis is hyper-endemic in shoreline communities living along Lake Albert, Uganda. To provide a deeper insight into the local epidemiology of Schistosoma mansoni, a... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_7894614" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Despite ongoing preventive chemotherapy campaigns, intestinal schistosomiasis is hyper-endemic in shoreline communities living along Lake Albert, Uganda. To provide a deeper insight into the local epidemiology of Schistosoma mansoni, a variety of field-based studies were undertaken focusing upon schistosome-snail interactions and confirmation of transmission foci. Cercarial shedding patterns of fieldcaught Biomphalaria spp., as identified by morphology, were hourly observed over a ten day period and showed that Biomphalaria stanleyi produced significantly more cercariae than Biomphalaria sudanica. Peak production times in both species were between 12.00 and 14.00 h indicating greatest infection risk from lake water exposure is during the early afternoon. Laboratory-bred snails were exposed to locally hatched miracidia and susceptibility of Biomphalaria spp. was confirmed experimentally. Biomphalaria stanleyi was a more permissive host. After ascertaining appropriate conditions for infection of laboratory mice, 28 groups of between 5 and 6 naïve mice were placed in floatation cages at four suspected shoreline transmission sites for a 30 minute period of exposure. Eight weeks later, mice (n = 142) were culled and S. mansoni adult worms were retrieved from 10 animals. Taken as a whole, these observations highlight the local importance of B. stanleyi in transmission of intestinal schistosomiasis and clearly demonstrate the risk of infection on the Lake Albert shoreline. To mitigate this risk local environmental modification(s), i.e. improvement in sanitation and hygiene and control of snail populations, is needed to bolster the impact of chemotherapybased interventions.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/7894614" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f789724295880359735f701e204110a3" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48299003,"asset_id":7894614,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48299003/download_file?st=MTc0MDU4NjgyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="14772260" href="https://bsu-ug.academia.edu/FrancisKazibwe">Francis Kazibwe</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="14772260" type="text/json">{"id":14772260,"first_name":"Francis","last_name":"Kazibwe","domain_name":"bsu-ug","page_name":"FrancisKazibwe","display_name":"Francis Kazibwe","profile_url":"https://bsu-ug.academia.edu/FrancisKazibwe?f_ri=6947","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_7894614 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="7894614"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 7894614, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_7894614", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=7894614]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_7894614").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_7894614").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="7894614"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="159" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology">Microbiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="159" type="text/json">{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="164" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Parasitology">Parasitology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="164" type="text/json">{"id":164,"name":"Parasitology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Parasitology?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6947" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology">Medical Microbiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6947" type="text/json">{"id":6947,"name":"Medical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8828" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Uganda">Uganda</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="8828" type="text/json">{"id":8828,"name":"Uganda","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Uganda?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=7894614]'), work: {"id":7894614,"title":"Transmission studies of intestinal schistosomiasis in Lake Albert, Uganda and experimental compatibility of local Biomphalaria spp","created_at":"2014-08-06T04:27:04.146-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/7894614/Transmission_studies_of_intestinal_schistosomiasis_in_Lake_Albert_Uganda_and_experimental_compatibility_of_local_Biomphalaria_spp?f_ri=6947","dom_id":"work_7894614","summary":"Despite ongoing preventive chemotherapy campaigns, intestinal schistosomiasis is hyper-endemic in shoreline communities living along Lake Albert, Uganda. To provide a deeper insight into the local epidemiology of Schistosoma mansoni, a variety of field-based studies were undertaken focusing upon schistosome-snail interactions and confirmation of transmission foci. Cercarial shedding patterns of fieldcaught Biomphalaria spp., as identified by morphology, were hourly observed over a ten day period and showed that Biomphalaria stanleyi produced significantly more cercariae than Biomphalaria sudanica. Peak production times in both species were between 12.00 and 14.00 h indicating greatest infection risk from lake water exposure is during the early afternoon. Laboratory-bred snails were exposed to locally hatched miracidia and susceptibility of Biomphalaria spp. was confirmed experimentally. Biomphalaria stanleyi was a more permissive host. After ascertaining appropriate conditions for infection of laboratory mice, 28 groups of between 5 and 6 naïve mice were placed in floatation cages at four suspected shoreline transmission sites for a 30 minute period of exposure. Eight weeks later, mice (n = 142) were culled and S. mansoni adult worms were retrieved from 10 animals. Taken as a whole, these observations highlight the local importance of B. stanleyi in transmission of intestinal schistosomiasis and clearly demonstrate the risk of infection on the Lake Albert shoreline. To mitigate this risk local environmental modification(s), i.e. improvement in sanitation and hygiene and control of snail populations, is needed to bolster the impact of chemotherapybased interventions.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":48299003,"asset_id":7894614,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":14772260,"first_name":"Francis","last_name":"Kazibwe","domain_name":"bsu-ug","page_name":"FrancisKazibwe","display_name":"Francis Kazibwe","profile_url":"https://bsu-ug.academia.edu/FrancisKazibwe?f_ri=6947","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":164,"name":"Parasitology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Parasitology?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":6947,"name":"Medical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":8828,"name":"Uganda","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Uganda?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":54427,"name":"Environmental Risk","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Risk?f_ri=6947"},{"id":84760,"name":"Mice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mice?f_ri=6947"},{"id":142138,"name":"Host-parasite interactions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Host-parasite_interactions?f_ri=6947"},{"id":439435,"name":"Fresh water","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fresh_water?f_ri=6947"},{"id":644860,"name":"Veterinary Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Veterinary_Sciences?f_ri=6947"},{"id":777305,"name":"Schistosoma Mansoni","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Schistosoma_Mansoni?f_ri=6947"},{"id":784076,"name":"Species Specificity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Species_Specificity?f_ri=6947"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_8654439" data-work_id="8654439" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/8654439/Characterization_of_an_extracellular_polysaccharide_produced_by_a_Pseudomonas_strain_grown_on_glycerol">Characterization of an extracellular polysaccharide produced by a Pseudomonas strain grown on glycerol</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">A new extracellular charged polysaccharide composed mainly by galactose, with lower amounts of mannose, glucose and rhamnose, was produced by the cultivation of Pseudomonas oleovorans NRRL B-14682 using glycerol as the sole carbon source.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_8654439" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">A new extracellular charged polysaccharide composed mainly by galactose, with lower amounts of mannose, glucose and rhamnose, was produced by the cultivation of Pseudomonas oleovorans NRRL B-14682 using glycerol as the sole carbon source. Thermal and solid-state NMR analysis showed that this polymer is essentially amorphous, with a glass transition temperature of 155.7°C. The exopolysaccharide aqueous solutions have viscoelastic properties similar to that of Guar gum, but with affinity to salts as a result of its polyelectrolyte character. In addition, the exopolysaccharide has demonstrated good flocculating and emulsifying properties and film-forming capacity. These properties make this polymer a good alternative to more expensive natural polysaccharides, such as Guar gum, in several applications in the food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, textile, paper and petroleum industries.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/8654439" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="cbb213abdb11bf13faf0fc3a86af43ac" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48029931,"asset_id":8654439,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48029931/download_file?st=MTc0MDU4NjgyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="18059818" href="https://independent.academia.edu/CristinaOliveira23">Cristina Oliveira</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="18059818" type="text/json">{"id":18059818,"first_name":"Cristina","last_name":"Oliveira","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"CristinaOliveira23","display_name":"Cristina Oliveira","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/CristinaOliveira23?f_ri=6947","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/18059818/5032044/5774785/s65_cristina.oliveira.jpg_oh_e0f7787f6dc1664d972214c80e706470_oe_54c2d288___gda___1422024197_542367c4bffaf9d168081ccaba33ef35"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_8654439 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="8654439"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 8654439, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_8654439", }); 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Thermal and solid-state NMR analysis showed that this polymer is essentially amorphous, with a glass transition temperature of 155.7°C. The exopolysaccharide aqueous solutions have viscoelastic properties similar to that of Guar gum, but with affinity to salts as a result of its polyelectrolyte character. In addition, the exopolysaccharide has demonstrated good flocculating and emulsifying properties and film-forming capacity. These properties make this polymer a good alternative to more expensive natural polysaccharides, such as Guar gum, in several applications in the food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, textile, paper and petroleum industries.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":48029931,"asset_id":8654439,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":18059818,"first_name":"Cristina","last_name":"Oliveira","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"CristinaOliveira23","display_name":"Cristina Oliveira","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/CristinaOliveira23?f_ri=6947","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/18059818/5032044/5774785/s65_cristina.oliveira.jpg_oh_e0f7787f6dc1664d972214c80e706470_oe_54c2d288___gda___1422024197_542367c4bffaf9d168081ccaba33ef35"}],"research_interests":[{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=6947","nofollow":true},{"id":531,"name":"Organic 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href="https://www.academia.edu/8787804/Development_and_evaluation_of_a_real_time_quantitative_PCR_for_the_detection_of_human_cytomegalovirus">Development and evaluation of a real-time quantitative PCR for the detection of human cytomegalovirus</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">A novel real-time quantitative PCR (QPCR) assay is described for monitoring CMV DNA load in clinical specimens using the LightCycler™. The assay is rapid ( B 40 min), easy to carry out, robust, reliable and is capable of detecting from 10... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_8787804" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">A novel real-time quantitative PCR (QPCR) assay is described for monitoring CMV DNA load in clinical specimens using the LightCycler™. The assay is rapid ( B 40 min), easy to carry out, robust, reliable and is capable of detecting from 10 to over 2 ×10 5 CMV DNA copies with a wide linear range. Amplification and detection occur simultaneously, avoiding the need for post-PCR analysis and thereby minimising the risk of carryover contamination. The assay proved to be accurate, specific and reproducible when evaluated in three different laboratories. In addition, LightCycler™ results were comparable with those of TaqMan™, an independent real-time QPCR assay.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/8787804" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="40827dc4be658b2921be11a60cccb5dc" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48004203,"asset_id":8787804,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48004203/download_file?st=MTc0MDU4NjgyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="18975839" href="https://unam.academia.edu/GuiverC">Guiver C</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="18975839" type="text/json">{"id":18975839,"first_name":"Guiver","last_name":"C","domain_name":"unam","page_name":"GuiverC","display_name":"Guiver C","profile_url":"https://unam.academia.edu/GuiverC?f_ri=6947","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/18975839/5270574/6025917/s65_guiver.c.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_8787804 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="8787804"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 8787804, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_8787804", }); 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